TIN HOC NG DUNG

TRONG KINH DOANH 2

Chng 1
TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

Ging Vin: ThS. Nguyn Minh Thnh

Email: thanhnm@itc.edu.vn
Tel : 0908.348.469

Chng 1: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

NI DUNG

1. Cc khi nim
2. Cc bc phn tich va thit k CSDL.
3. H Quan tri CSDL Ms Access.

28/08/2013

MaMH: 701006

Chng 1. Tng quan v CSDL

Chng 1: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

1. CC KHI NIM
1.1. Khi Nim V Microsoft Access
Ms Access la phn mm ng dng ca b Microsoft
Office. La mt h Quan tri CSDL theo m hnh quan
h.
Gip cho lu tr thng tin d liu di dng cc bang
va c th tinh ton, x l d liu trong cc bang
lu tr.
Xy dng cc phn mm quan l d liu nh: Quan
l nhn s, Quan l bn hang, Quan l ao to, . . .

28/08/2013

MaMH: 701006

Chng 1. Tng quan v CSDL

Chng 1: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

1. CC KHI NIM
1.2. C s d liu
C s d liu (CSDL) La tp hp cc s liu lin quan n
ch th hay mc ich khai thc thuc lnh vc nao va
c t chc theo mt m hnh xc inh.
C th hiu CSDL la mt vt cha dng lu tr quan l
mi thng tin ma ta mun, va n phai c kha nng truy
xut ng thi.
Vi d: Xt h thng bn v my bay. D liu lu tr bao
gm thng tin v sn bay, chuyn bay, ng bay, hanh
khch v.v.. D liu trn c lu tr theo mt cch nao
va c lin h vi nhau sao cho phc v hanh khch tin
li, bao am hanh khch i ng chuyn.
Xt h thng tuyn sinh ca mt trng i hc. D liu
lu tr la thng tin sinh vin, nganh, bang im
28/08/2013

MaMH: 701006

Chng 1. Tng quan v CSDL

Chng 1: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

1. CC KHI NIM
1.3. C s d liu quan h (CSDLQH)
CSDLQH la c s d liu trong cc d liu c t
trong cc bang c quan h vi nhau. Nhm phan nh mi
lin kt thc s gia cc i tng d liu bn ngoai
th gii thc.
Mi bang c hnh thc dng ct. Mi ct gi la vng hay
trng, mi dng la mt mu tin.

28/08/2013

MaMH: 701006

Chng 1. Tng quan v CSDL

Chng 1: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

2. CC BC PHN TCH V THIT K CSDL

2.1. Xc nh mc tiu ca CSDL
Bt u lam vic vi ngi s s dng CSDL sau nay
tm hiu yu cu ca h, thu thp nhng bang bo
co ma h cn cng nh nhng mu biu nhp d
liu vao h thng.
Ngi xc inh mc tiu phai nm r nhng yu cu
ca nha quan l bi v c khi hai vn tng t nhau
nhng c th c nhng cch t chc khc nhau.

28/08/2013

MaMH: 701006

Chng 1. Tng quan v CSDL

Chng 1: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

2. CC BC PHN TCH V THIT K CSDL

2.2. Xc nh nhng bng d liu s khi
- Phc thao theo l d liu trong thc t thanh nhng bang d
liu s khi
V d 1: Trong h thng qun l cng n khch hng ta c cc
bng (thc th)

+ H s khch hang (cng n khch hang): lu gi cc thng

tin v khch hang gm: m khch, tn khch, s n u
+ Ha n: lu gi cc thng tin v ha n nh: s ho n,
ngay pht sinh ho n, m khch, s tin,
+ Phiu thu: lu gi cc thng tin v thu, chng hn: s phiu
thu, m khch,, s tin,
V d 2: Trong qun l lng gm cc bng:

- Phng ban: lu gi cc thng tin phng ban

- Ph cp chc v: lu gi cc mc ph cp theo chc v
- Lng: lu gi cc thng tin v lngca tng nhn vin.
28/08/2013

MaMH: 701006

Chng 1. Tng quan v CSDL

Chng 1: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

2. CC BC PHN TCH V THIT K CSDL

V d 3: Qun l lng theo sn phm gm cc bng

+ Nhn vin:lu gi cc thng tin v nhn vin nh: m nhn

vin, h tn, m phn xng
+ San phm: lu gi thng tin v n gi ca tng san phm
nh m san phm ,
tn san phm, n gi gia cng mt san phm,
+ Nhn vin gia cng san phm: lu tr s lng gia cng
san phm ca cc nhn vin nh: s bin nhn, m nhn
vin, m san phm, s lng,..
V d 4: Qun l im thi ca mt trung tm dy ngh nh sau

+ Hc vin: lu gi cc thng tin v hc vin nh M hc

vin, H tn, Ngay sinh, Phi, ia Ch,..
+ Mn hc: Lu gi thng tin v mn hc nh M mn, Tn
mn
+ Kt qua: Lu gi kt tp hc tp ca hc vin nh M hoc
vin, M mn hc, im thi.
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28/08/2013

MaMH: 701006

Chng 1. Tng quan v CSDL

Chng 1: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

2. CC BC PHN TCH V THIT K CSDL

2.3. Xc nh cc trng ca bng
Lu tr d liu theo thuc tinh b nht. Chng hn nn tch ho
tn ra thanh 2 phn bi v gp 2 thanh phn li th n gian hn
tch mt thanh phn ra lam hai va thng ngi ta thng sp xp
theo tn hn la theo h

Khng khai bo cc trng tinh ton. Vi d: Thanh tin,

Tng cng. Mun c kt qua tinh ton ta thng dng cu
truy vn (xem chng 3)
Mi bang c mt ct (hay mt nhm ct) lam kha chinh
(Primary key)

28/08/2013

MaMH: 701006

Chng 1. Tng quan v CSDL

Chng 1: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

2. CC BC PHN TCH V THIT K CSDL

2.4. Kha (Key)
Kha la tp thuc tinh dng xc inh tinh duy nht ca mt
b trong quan h

28/08/2013

MaMH: 701006

Chng 1. Tng quan v CSDL

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Chng 1: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

2. CC BC PHN TCH V THIT K CSDL

2.4.1. Kha chnh (Primary Key)
NHANVIEN(MANV, TENNV, HONV, NGSINH, DCHI, PHAI, LUONG,
PHONG)

C 2 kha

MANV
HONV, TENNV, NGSINH

Khi cai t quan h thanh bang (table)

Chn 1 kha lam c s nhn bit cc b
Kha c it thuc tinh hn

Kha c chn gi la kha chinh (PK - primary key)

Cc thuc tinh kha chinh phai c gi tri khc null
Cc thuc tinh kha chinh thng c gch di
Khng c php trng
28/08/2013

MaMH: 701006

Chng 1. Tng quan v CSDL

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Chng 1: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

2. CC BC PHN TCH V THIT K CSDL

Vi d: Quan l im thi gm cc bang
- Hc vin: M hc vin, h tn, ngay sinh, phi, ia ch
- Mn hc: M mn, tn mn
- Kt qua: M hoc vin, M mn hc, im thi
Bang Mn hc: Lu tr thng tin v cc mn hc. C ct M
mn lam kha chinh thng thng trong m hnh quan h ch
vit gn nh sau:
MOMHOC(MaMon, TenMon)
Thc hin mt ph thuc ham bit MaMon th s nhn bit
c TenMon:
MaMon TenMon.
28/08/2013

MaMH: 701006

Chng 1. Tng quan v CSDL

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Chng 1: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

2. CC BC PHN TCH V THIT K CSDL

Xt cc bang d liu sau
a) kho chinh khng trng va khng rng

b) Kha chinh bi trng

c) Kha chinh rng

28/08/2013

MaMH: 701006

Chng 1. Tng quan v CSDL

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Chng 1: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

2. CC BC PHN TCH V THIT K CSDL

2.4.2. Kha ngoi
Cho 2 quan h R v S. Mt tp thuc tnh K ca
quan h R c gi l kho ngoi ca quan h R
nu K l kho ni ca quan h S.
V d:
KHOA(MaKhoa, TenKhoa)
LOP_HOC(MaLop, TenLop, NienKhoa, #MaKhoa)
MaKhoa trong quan h LOP_HOC la kho ngoi v n
la kho chinh ca quan h KHOA..

28/08/2013

MaMH: 701006

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Chng 1: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

2. CC BC PHN TCH V THIT K CSDL

2.5. quan h
Quan h 1-1: La mi quan h ma mt mu tin ca bang nay c
quan h vi mt mu tin ca bang kia va ngc li.
Vi d: Quan l hc vin gm hai phn:

Mt hc vin c mt mu tin trong phn im th s c mt va ch

mt mu tin trong phn l lich
28/08/2013

MaMH: 701006

Chng 1. Tng quan v CSDL

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Chng 1: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

2. CC BC PHN TCH V THIT K CSDL

Trong thc t ta thng chp nhn quan h 1-1 dng
khim khuyt (1-0, 0-1) ngha la n c trn bang nay
ma cha c trn bang khc

Yu cu mt gio vin ch c ch nhim mt lp. Khi mi quan

h gia 2 bang trn la 1-1(qua trng MaGV- MaGVCN) nhng ta
khng gp 2 bang nay li vi nhau v 2 bang nay c ngha khc
nhau (phan nh thc t khc nhau).
28/08/2013

MaMH: 701006

Chng 1. Tng quan v CSDL

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Chng 1: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

2. CC BC PHN TCH V THIT K CSDL

Quan h 1-n: La mi quan h ma mt mu tin ca bang d liu nay
c quan h vi nhiu mu tin bang d liu kia (nhng khng c chiu
ngc li)
Vi d: Chng hn quan l cng n khch hang gm 3 phn:

Mt khch hang c th c nhiu phiu thu, nhng mt phiu thu ch

thuc mt khch hang

28/08/2013

MaMH: 701006

Chng 1. Tng quan v CSDL

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Chng 1: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

2. CC BC PHN TCH V THIT K CSDL

Quan h bc cu: La mi quan h c bang A quan h vi bang B va
bang B quan h vi bang C.
Vi d: Khi mun quan l ca phn chi tit ho n p ng yu cu
hin thi nhng mt hang ma khch hang mua

28/08/2013

MaMH: 701006

Chng 1. Tng quan v CSDL

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Chng 1: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

2. CC BC PHN TCH V THIT K CSDL

Quan h ng thi: La mi quan h ma bang A c quan
h vi ca bang B va C
Vi d: trong quan l hc vin. Bang im c quan h ng
thi vi hc vin va mn hc. y la s phn r mi quan
h nhiu gia hc vin va mn hc (mt mn hc c nhiu
hc vin theo hc va mt hc vin theo hc nhiu mn) vy
kha chinh ca bang im la kt hp ca hai kha chinh
bang hc vin va mn hc (MaHV+ MaMH)
Quan h phn thn: Trong mt vai trng hp c bit ta
c nhng quan h phan thn, ngha la mt bang c quan
h vi chinh n. Chng hn, cn quan l nhn vin nao c
v (chng) cng la nhn vin trong c quan
28/08/2013

MaMH: 701006

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Chng 1: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

3. H QUN TR CSDL MS ACCESS

3.1. Cc i tng trong CSDLMS Access
Table (bang): la thanh phn c ban ca CSDL, n cho
php lu tr d liu phc v cng tc quan l. Cc bang
trong mt CSDL thng c mi quan h vi nhau
Query (truy vn): la cng c dng tinh ton cc trng
khng cn lu tr (imTB, thanh tin), sp xp, tm kim,
tng hp d liu

Form (Biu mu): cho xy dng cc biu mu nhp s

liu nh trong thc t, gip NSD thc hin vic nhp, xut
phong ph, khng n iu nh nhp xut trn Table hay
Query
28/08/2013

MaMH: 701006

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Chng 1: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

3. H QUN TR CSDL MS ACCESS

3.1. Cc i tng trong CSDLMS Access

Report (Bo biu): cho in n vi cc kha nng

In d liu di dng bang biu
Sp xp d liu trc khi in
In d liu c quan h trn mt bo co

Macro (tp lnh): la mt tp hp cc lnh nhm thc hin

cc thao tc thng gp. Khi gi mt Macro, Access s
cho thc hin mt dy cc lnh tng ng qui inh

Module (n th): la mt dng t ng ho chuyn su

hn Macro. la nhng ham ring ca NSD c vit
bng ngn ng Access Basic
Tp tin chng trnh do Access to ra c ui l .MDB
28/08/2013

MaMH: 701006

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Chng 1. Tng quan v CSDL

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Chng 1: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

3. H QUN TR CSDL MS ACCESS

3.2. To mi CSDL trong Ms Access
Khi ng MS Access
Bc 1: Chn create a new file t hp thoi khi ng

Bc 2: Chn Blank database

28/08/2013

MaMH: 701006

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Chng 1: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

3. H QUN TR CSDL MS ACCESS

3.2. To mi CSDL trong Ms Access
Bc 3: t tn CSDL mi vao (file name) va CSDL nay s c lu
u (save in). Sau chn Create

28/08/2013

MaMH: 701006

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Chng 1: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU

3. H QUN TR CSDL MS ACCESS

3.3.M 1 CSDL c trong Ms Access
Khi ng MS Access
Bc 1: Chn More t hp thoi khi ng

Bc 2: Chn tp tin ch inh cn m lu a nao va th mc

nao . Vi d y chn CONG_NO_KHACH_HANG c lu D.
Ri chn Open m

Lu : Ti mt thi im th ch c 1 tp tin c m. Do khi

m 2 to mt tp tin CSDL th CSDL trc s bi ng li.
28/08/2013

MaMH: 701006

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TRNG I HOC TN C THNG

KHOA QUN TR KINH DOANH