03.chuong3 Truy Van Du Lieu - Query

TIN HOC NG DUNG
TRONG KINH DOANH 2
Chng 3
TRUY VN D LIU - QUERY
Ging Vin: ThS. Nguyn Minh Thnh

Email: thanhnm@itc.edu.vn
Tel : 0908.348.469
NI DUNG
1. Gii thiu
2. To truy vn
3. Ton t v hm trong Access.
4. To vn tin trn nhiu bng
5. Truy vn dung tham s.
6. Truy vn dung phep tr.
7. Truy vn gom nhom.
8. Truy vn cheo.
9. Truy vn con.
10. Truy vn vi cc hnh ng.
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query
1. GII THIU
1.1. Ti sao phi dng truy vn
Trong thc t vic tham kho thng tin rt co nhiu dng
khc nhau v thng l khc vi dng d liu nhp vo.
Hn na vic khai thc s liu bng co nhiu khuyt
im, do o ta dung query s thy tin li hn nhiu. Do
o, ngi ta phi s dng mt cng c truy vn thng
tin o l query. S dng bng truy vn trong nhng vic
sau:
- La chn cc trng v cc mu tin cn thit
- Xp sp th t mu tin theo trng quy nh
- Tham kho d liu trn nhiu bng d liu
- S dng bng vn tin lm c s cho biu mu hay bo
co
- Thc hin nhng thay i trong bng d liu
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
1. GII THIU
1.2. Cc loi truy vn thng dng : C nhiu loi truy
vn, nhng thng dng nht l cc loi sau:
1. Select Query (Truy vn chn s liu): c s dng
ph bin nht, dng :
Chn lc cc mu tin
Thm cc trng mi l kt qu thc hin cc
php tnh trn cc trng ca bng ngun.
a vo cc iu kin tm kim, la chn
2. Update Query (Truy vn cp nht): dng sa i
ng lot nhiu mu tin ca mt hay nhiu bng
4
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
1. GII THIU
1.2. Cc loi truy vn thng dng
3. Delete Query (Truy vn xo s liu): xo mt nhm
cc mu tin t mt hay nhiu bng
4. Crosstab Query (Truy vn tham chiu cho): kt
nhm s liu theo chng loi v hin th s liu di
hnh thc ca mt bng tnh km theo s liu tng
hp ngang v dc
5. Append Query (Truy vn thm): Dng thm
(ni) cc bng ghi vo phn cui ca mt bng.
6. Make Table Query (Truy vn to bng ): cho to
mt bng mi t s liu ca Query
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
2. TO TRUY VN
2.1. Cch to truy vn
Thng dng hai cch to truy vn ng vi hai la
chn:
in Design view v by using wizard
By using wizard: truy vn c xy dng bng
cng c wizard ca Access, ta ch vic tr li cc cu
hi theo yu cu
In Design view: truy vn c thit k tu theo mc
ch ca ngi s dng. Ta thng chn cch ny.
Cch thc hin nh sau:
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
2. TO TRUY VN
Bc 1: Trong ca s Database, chn trang
Queries, chn nt New, hp thoi New Query xut hin
Ca s Database
Nt
New
Trang
Queries
Chn Design View, OK, xut hin ca s nh sau

28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
2. TO TRUY VN
Bc 2: chn
ngun d liu cho
truy vn
Ca s Show
Table cho chn cc
bng (Tables), cc
truy vn (Queries)
hoc chn c bng
v truy vn lm
ngun d liu cho
truy vn sp to
Chn ngun d liu ph hp, chn Add. Sau khi chn
xong tt c, chn Close tr v ca s Select Query
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
2. TO TRUY VN
M t ca s Select Query
Phn trn: cha cc bng v truy vn chn lm ngun
Phn di: gi l li thit k QBE (Query By Example)
dng cha cc trng ca truy vn mi cn xy dng
nhn F6
di chuyn
gia 2 phn
9
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
2. TO TRUY VN
M t ca s Select Query
Field: cha tn trng hoc biu thc lm kt qu truy
vn
Table: ghi tn ngun d liu ca trng c chn
ti dng field
Show: chn trng c hin th hay khng
Sort: chn cch sp xp d liu ca trng
Criteria: biu thc tiu chun chn lc d liu
Or: iu kin hoc ca biu thc tiu chun chn lc
d liu (nu c)
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
10
2. TO TRUY VN
Bc 3: Thit k truy vn theo yu cu
a cc trng vo truy vn: nhn gi chut ko
trng thch hp th vo ct ca li thit k, hoc
nhp p ti tn trng
Ghi ch: Cch thm trng biu thc:
Chn mt trng trn hng Field, g tn trng biu
thc, du : (hai chm), biu thc.
V d: Tongdiem: [Diemtoan]+[Diemly]+[Diemhoa]
Bc 4: Lp tiu chun la chn (iu kin tm kim)
Trong Criteria ca trng cn lp biu thc, g biu
thc
V d: g vo L1C (tm khch loi phng L1C)
Lu truy vn va to : Gi lnh File / Save
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
11
2. TO TRUY VN
2.2. Thc hin truy vn
Trong ca s thit k truy vn
Gi lnh Query / Run (hoc chn biu tng
trn thanh cng c)
Hoc chn biu tng View
Hoc chn Design View
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
Design View
Chng 3. Truy vn d liu

12Query
12
2. TO TRUY VN
2.3. Hiu chnh truy vn
Trong ca s Database, chn tn truy vn, chn nt
Design m ca s thit k. Thc hin hiu chnh
theo yu cu
nt
Design
13
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
13
3. TON T V HM TRONG ACCESS.

Ton t ton hc
+, -, *, /, lu tha (^)
Thng s nguyn (chia ly phn nguyn):
S d (chia ly phn d):
Mod
Ton t logic
Not: cho kt qu ngc li (Not ng= sai, Not sai=
ng)
And (v): cho kt qu ng khi tt c iu kin ng,
nu mt iu kin no sai th cho kt qu sai
Or (hoc): cho kt qu ng khi c t nht mt iu
kin ng, nu tt c iu kin sai th cho kt qu sai
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
14

Ton t so snh
<, <=, >, >=, =, <> (khng bng)

Ton t so snh c bit
Between ... And ... (Nm trong khong)
Vd: [slg] Between 150 And 200
Like (gn ging):
(*) T hp bt k - Anh Ban Like *B*
(?) K t bt k - Access Like ???e*
(#) K s bt k - 2001 Like ##0#: True
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
15
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
16
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
17

Ton t so snh c bit
Null, Not null: kim tra d liu c hay cha
Vd: tm cc th sinh thiu Ngy sinh, ta a gi
tr Null vo Criteria ca trng [Namsinh]
Vd: tm cc khch hng c a ch, ta a gi
tr Not null vo Criteria ca trng [Diachi]
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
18

Ton t ghp ni
& (ni chui)
& Nng: Nng
123 & 456: 123456
100 & nm c n: 100 nm c n
Date() & Nhm Ng: 14/6/2002 Nhm Ng
V tuyn & 90/2 & ngy m: V tuyn 45 ngy m
+ (cng vi)
Con thuyn + khng bn: Con thuyn khng bn
1001 + m : Type mismatch (kt qu sai)
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
19

Hng tr (constants)
True/ False/ Null: hng tr ng/ sai/ rng
Du ro (Delimiter)
...: Ro gi tr chui
Vd: 43 Thanh Thu - Nng
[ ... ] : Ro tn bin
Vd: [SoLuong] * [DonGia]
#../../..#: Ro gi tr ngy
#23/04/2000#
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
20
V DU
iu kin cng tho mn/hoc tho mn
Cc iu kin vit cng trn dng Criteria l cc iu
kin ng thi tho mn
V d: tm cc khch loi phng L1C v n
trong thng 6, trn dng Criteria, ta ghi
iu kin ghi
trn cng 1
dng
Kt qu
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
21
-
21
V DU
Cc iu kin vit trn dng Criteria v dng Or l cc
iu kin khng cn ng thi tho mn
V d: tm cc khch loi phng L1C hoc n
trong thng 6, trn dng Criteria v dng Or, ta ghi
iu kin ghi
trn dng
Criteria v dng
Or
22
Kt qu
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
22
V DU
Php so snh Is Null v Is Not Null
Is Null c dung hin th nhng mu tin m trn trng ch nh
khng co d liu. Is Not Null th ngc li
V d: cho bng HOCVIEN co ni dung nh sau:
Hin th nhng hc vin cha co nm sinh
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
23
V DU
3.5. Ton t In
Ton t IN xc nh gi tr trong mt danh sch ch nh
V d: Hin th nhng hc vin cc lp KT1, KT2 v KT4
Hoc
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
24
V DU
Php AND v OR
- Mnh OR c vit trn 2 dng(mt hoc nhiu ct)
- Mnh AND c vit trn mt dng(nhiu ct)
V d 1:Hin th nhng mt hng co n gi >=5000 v s lng
>=100
V d 2: Hin th nhng mt hng co n gi >=5000 hocs lng >=100
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
25
V DU
V d 3:Hin th nhng mt hng co n gi >=5000 hoc n gi <=1000
Hoc
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
26

Hm thao tc trn d liu kiu Text
LEFT(chui,n): Trch n k t bn tri chui.
RIGHT(chui,n): Trch n k t bn phi chui.
MID(chui, v tr, n): Rt trch n k t k t v tr ch nh
LEN(chui): Tr v gi tr l chiu di chui
LCASE(chui): Chuyn thnh chui thng
UCASE(chui): Chuyn thnh chui hoa
TRIM(chui): ct b khong trng 2 u
LTRIM(chui): Ct b khong trng bn tri
RTRIM(chui): ct b khong trng bn phi.
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
27

Hm thao tc trn d liu kiu date
Trong vic qun l d liu, vic thng k d liu theo thi
gian l mt thao tc kh thng xuyn. Cc hm lin quan
n thi gian
Datepart(nh dng, biu thc ngy): Cho kt qa theo
phn nh dng ca biu thc ngy Trong o, k hiu phn
nh dng mang mt trong cc gi tr:
y: ngy trong nm (day of year)

w: ngy trong tun (weekday)
d: ngy trong thng (Day of month)
m: thng trong nm (month)
q: qu (quarter)
yyyy: nm (year)
ww: tun trong nm (week of year)
h: gi
n: pht
s:giy
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
28
Day(d liu trch) = DATEPART(d,d liu trch)
Month(D liu trch) = DATEPART(m,d liu trch)
Year(D liu trch) = DATEPART(yy,d liu trch)
Date(): ly ngy ca h thng
Now(): ly ngy gi ca h thng
WeekDay(biu thc ngy): cho kt qu l s th t ca biu

thc ngy. Theo mc nh 1 l ch nht, 2 l th 2
DateDiif(nh dng, biu thc ngy B, biu thc ngy KT):

Cho khong gia hai chui ngy theo phn nh dng.
DateAdd(nh dng, n, biu thc ngy): cng thm n n v

theo phn nh dng vo biu thc ngy.
Hour(Biu thc gi): cho kt qu l gi ca biu thc gi
Minute(Biu thc gi): cho kt qu l pht ca biu thc gi
Second(Biu thc gi): cho kt qu l giy ca biu thc gi
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
29

V d : Hin th nhng hc vin sinh trc 1986
Hoc
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
30

V d : Lc nhng ho n thng 10
Hoc
Hoc
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
31

Nhng tnh ton khc
Hm IIF(<iu kin>,<Gi trv1>,< Gi tr 2>)
Nu <iu kin> nhn gi tr true th hm tr v <Gi tr 1>, ngc
li tr v <Gi tr 2>.
V d 1: Gi s bng d liu hc vin co cc trng: MaHV, HoTen,
Toan, Van. Ta mun tnh ton thm cc ct TB v XepLoai
xp loi co ni dung nh sau:

XepLoai:IIF(TB>=8,gioi,IFF(TB>=6.5,kha,IFF(TB>=5,TB,YEU)))
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
32

V d : Cho bng
LUONG(MaNV,HoTen,MaPB,MucLuong,NgayCong)
Tnh tin thng theo yu cu:
Ngaycong>=20: thng 40000
Ngaycong>=25: thng 100000
Thuong: IIF(NgayCong>=25,100000,IFF(NgayCong>=20,40000,0))
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
33

3.6. Cc thng bo li
Cant have aggregate function in WHERE clause
Khng th ch nh hm thng k trong mnh WHERE (Criteria)
You cant set criteria before you add a field or expression to the field row.
Li xut hin khi bn ch nh mt tiu chun vo ct m cha co ch

nh tn trng(hay biu thc trng) vo dng field
Data type mismatch in critetia expression
Sai v kiu d liu trong biu thc tiu chun, chng hn nh so
snh mt trng s number vi tiu chun l chui
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
34
4.TO VN TIN TRN NHIU BNG

Thng thng trong cc bng vn tin thng ly d
liu trn nhiu bng d liu.
V d:
ta mun xem im ca mt hc vin lp no
(Trong chng 2). Th t nht ta phi ly hai bng l
HOCVIEN v DIEM
- Mun to bng vn tin ly d liu trn bng,ta ch
nh cc bng cn thit vi lu l phi bo m
cc mi quan h gia chng.
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
35

4.1. Cc loi lin kt
- Lin kt cht (Inner Join hay Equi Join): l kiu lin kt
m d liu hin th trong bng vn tin l nhng mu tin
co quan h vi nhau phi tn ti trn c hai bng
- Lin kt khng cht (Outer Join): l kiu lin kt m d
liu c a vo bng vn tin l tt c nhng mu tin
ca bng th nht (ngay c khi no khng co mu tin
tng ng bng th 2) v nhng mu tin ca bng
th 2 co tng ng trong bng th nht
- T lin kt (Self Join): l kiu lin kt ca mt bng d
liu vi chnh no (phi thm bng d liu ny 2 ln)
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
36

4.2. Ch nh mi lin kt gia 2 bng
- Trong nhiu trng hp, khi ta thm cc bng d liu
th s hin th cc mi quan h khai bo t ca s
thit lp quan h.
- Ngay c trong trng hp, hai bng cha thit lp
mi quan h vi nhau th Access cng c thit lp mi
quan h gia hai trng cung tn, co kiu d liu
thch hp.
- Mun ch nh loi lin kt (Join Type), ta nhp co
mi qua h th xut hin hp thoi sau:
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
37
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
38

- Quan h cht: Hin th nhng mu tin co gi tr bng
nhautrn c 2 trng quan h ca 2 bng.
- Quan h khng cht th 1: Hin th tt c cc mu tin
trn bng HoSoKH cho du khng co mu tin tng ng
trn bng PhieuThu v nhng mu tin ca bng
PhieuThu co mu tin vi bngHoSoKH
- Quan h khng cht th 2: Hin th tt c cc mu tin
trn bng PhieuThu cho du no khng co mu tin tng
ng trn bng HoSoKH v nhng mu tin ca
bngHoSoKH co mu tin vi bngPhieuThu
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
39

4.3. Cc v d
a. Lin kt cht
Truy xut nhng mu tin t mt bng d liu co mu
tin tng ng trong bng th 2 mi a vo truy vn.
V d: Cho 2 bng
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
40

Vn tin hin th thng tin khch hng gm cc trng:
SoPT, Ngay, MaKH, TenKH, SoTien
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
41

b. V d v lin kt khng cht
V d in ra nhng khch hng, k c nhng khch
hng khng co phiu thu. Ta phi s dng kiu lin
kt khng cht t HosoKH ->PhieuThu v ch nh
li thit k
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
42

Kt qu:
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
43

Lu : Khi 2 bng khng co mi lin kt th s tora
s lp li d liu. Chng hn bng th 1 co n mu tin,
bng th 2 co m mu tin th bng kt qu co m x n
mu tin.
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
44

Gi s co truy vn sau:
Kt qu:
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
45
5.TRUY VN DNG THAM S

-L truy vn m tiu chun tnh ton c thay i cho
mi ln chy.
- Vn tin dng ny rt thun li lm c s cho mu
biu hay bo biu.
- To bng vn tin co tham s: mun to bng vn tin
co tham s, ta to tng t nh bng vn tin bnh
thng nh nu trn, ch co mt skhc bit l ta
cho xut hin mt thng bo chc ngi dung nhp d
liu khi chy bng vn tin.
- Mun vy ta ch nh mt tham s.
- Mt tham s (parameter) l mt chui cc k t bao
trong ngoc vung, khng trung vi mt trong cc
trng ca bng d liu ang c s dng.
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
46

V du 1 : Hin th phiu thu ca khch hng ch nh khi
chy bng vn tin
Khi ta chy bng vn tin ny th s yu cu nhp gi tr

lm tiu chun lc m khch hng(gi s A02):
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
47

- Ngoi ra ta co th dung LIKE so snh mtvi k
t u ging nhau, chng hn ta co th vit li.
- Khi o ta nhp A vo khung Parameter s c
hiu l A*
Hoc ta co th vit dng tiu chun: LIKE [nhap ma
KH: ], th khi o ta phi nhp A*
Hoc ta co th vit dng tiu chun: LIKE [nhap ma KH: ],

th khi o ta phi nhp A*
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
48
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
49
Lu : Khi g mt tn trong cp ngoc vung

cung cp gi tr lm tiu chun hay tnh ton m
khng trung vi cc trng ca cc bng d liu
ang dung th no hiu o l mt tham s.
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
50
6.TRUY VN GOM NHM

to vn tnh dng thng k, gom nhom: T ca s
thit k View/Total hay biu tng
thm dng
Total trn khung thit k
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
51
6.TRUY VN GOM NHM

6.1. Cc php thng k
SUM: Tnh tng mt trng s ch nh
COUNT: m s mu tin co d liu trn trng s ch nh
AVG: Tnh trung bnh mt trng s ch nh
MIN: Tnh gi tr nh nht ca trng s ch nh
MAX: Tnh gi tr ln nht ca trng s ch nh
FIRST: Tr u tin ca trng ch nh
LAST: Tr cui cung ca trng ch nh
STDDEV: lnh chun ca trng s ch nh
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
52
6.TRUY VN GOM NHM

6.1. Cc php thng k
VAR: Phng sai ca trng s ch nh
GROUP BY: Ch nh trng phn nhom
WHERE: Ch ng trng cha tiu la chn
Expression: Ch nh expression trn dng Total khi biu thc trn
dng field ca ct o l mt biu thc mang tnh thng k, chng
hn nh TongTien:Sum(SoTien), SLHV:count(MaHV)
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
53
6.TRUY VN GOM NHM

V d: Cho bng HOADON
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
54
6.TRUY VN GOM NHM

V d: Cho bng HOADON
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
55
6.TRUY VN GOM NHM

Trong trng hp ny co th dung Group By thay cho
where. Tuy nhin hnh thc kt qu co khc nhau.
Hnh thc where th khng c bc show, trong khi
o Group by bc hay khng bc u c c. Nu bc
th co kt qu sau:
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
56
6.TRUY VN GOM NHM

6.2. Thng k theo nhm
Mt yu cu khc thng c s dng l d liu
c thng k theo nhom da trn mt (vi) trng
ch nh
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
57
6.TRUY VN GOM NHM

6.3.
Ch nh nhiu
trng Group By
Trong trng hp mun
phn nhom theo nhiu
trng th ta ch nh Group
By trn nhiu trng. Khi o
ch nhng mu tin no co
gi tr ging nhau trn tt c
cc trng o mi c
xem l cung nhom
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
58
6.TRUY VN GOM NHM

V d 2:Gi s trong MaLop co 2 k t u l khoa
hc, 2 k t tip theo l ngnh hc, k t th 5 l s
th t lp (chng hn 05KT1, 04KT2,) Cho bng
HOCVIEN sau:
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
59
6.TRUY VN GOM NHM
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
60
6.TRUY VN GOM NHM

6.4. Khai bo gii hn trong tnh ton theo nhm
y ta cn phn bit tiu chun tc ng n trc
hay sau khi tnh tng cng theo phn nhom.
a) Gii hn trc khi cng nhm:
- Cch thc ny s lc nhng thng tin tha mn ri
mi thng k.
Ta ch nh Where trong Total, ch nh tiu chun
vo Criteria ca trng ny (nhng khng nh du
hin th ct ny)
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
61
6.TRUY VN GOM NHM

V d: Gi s cho bng ChiTietHD nh sau:
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
62
6.TRUY VN GOM NHM
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
63
6.TRUY VN GOM NHM

b)Gii hn sau khi cng nhm:
- Cch ny s thng k tt c cc mu tin trong bng,
v ch hin th nhng dng kt qu tha mn iu
kin ch nh.
- cch ny ta ch Sum vo Total v tiu chun
vo Criteria ca cung mt trng.
V d: Hin th nhng mt hng co tng s lng <20
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
64
6.TRUY VN GOM NHM
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
65
6.TRUY VN GOM NHM

6.5. Ch nh Expression
- Trong a s trng hp, ta ch nh phep ton thng
k trn dng Total.
- y ta ch nh phep ton thng k trn dng
Field ri ch nh expression trn dng Total
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
66
6.TRUY VN GOM NHM

6.5. Ch nh Expression
- Trong a s trng hp, ta ch nh phep ton thng
k trn dng Total.
- y ta ch nh phep ton thng k trn dng
Field ri ch nh expression trn dng Total
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
67
6.TRUY VN GOM NHM

6.6. Nhng tnh ton h tr khc
Hin th thng tin: MaKH, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
68
6.TRUY VN GOM NHM

6.7. Hm kt hp
C php chung:
Tn hm(Tn field,tn table/query[,iu kin})
Cng dng:
DAVG: Tnh trung bnh
DCOUNT: m
DFIRST: Cho gi tr tm thy u tin
DLAST: Cho gi tr tm thy cui cung
DLOOKUP: Tr v gi tr tm thy
DMAX: Tm gi tr ln nht
DMIN: Tm gi tr nh nht
DSUM: Tnh tng gi tr trn field
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
69
6.TRUY VN GOM NHM

6.8. Cc thng bo li
-Nu ta ch nh mt phep thng k (SUM, AVG)
m khng bc dng Total th s thng bo li
you tried to execute a query that doesnt include the
specified expression as part of an aggregrate
function
-Khi ta ch nh Where trn dng Total th khng c
bc Show ca ct o. Nu bc th Access s bo li
Microsoft Access cant display the field for which you
enter where in the Total row..
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
70
7.TRUY VN CHO
7.1. To truy vn CrossTab bng Design view
+ T ca s Database, chn Design View hin th
khung thitk nh cp
+ Gi Query/ CrossTab ch loi bng vn tin
+ Ch nh Group by vo cc trng phnnhom v ch

nh phep ton vo trng thng k
+ Ch nh Row Heading vo cc trng cn lm tiu
dng, Column Heading vo (mt) trng lm tiu ct
v Value trng thng k vo khung thit k.
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
71
7.TRUY VN CHO
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
72
7.TRUY VN CHO
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
73
7.TRUY VN CHO
Thng bo li:
to create a Crosstab query, you must specify one
more Row Heading optio, one Column Heading option
and one value option.
to m CrossTab Query, ta ch nh mt hay nhiu
trng lm Row Heading, nhng ch c ch nh
mt trng lm Column Heading v mt trng l
value, ngha l khng c phep ch nh nhiu
trng lmColumn Heading hay Value.
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
74
7.TRUY VN CHO
7.2. To bng cch dng Wizard
- Bc 1: T ca s Database, chn New xut hin
hp thoi
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
75
7.TRUY VN CHO
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
76
7.TRUY VN CHO
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
77
7.TRUY VN CHO
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
78
7.TRUY VN CHO
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
79
7.TRUY VN CHO
Bc 6:
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
80
7.TRUY VN CHO
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
81
8. CC TRUY VN KHC
8.1. Truy vn t lin kt (Self-join)
- Khi mun to truy vn tha mn ng thi 2 gi tr
trn 2 mu tin ca cung mt trng.
-V d tm ho n va cha mt hng X83 v
X92 (hai mt hng nu ra trn cung ho n).
Ta s dng lin kt SelfJoin: M bng d liu 2
(hay nhiu) ln, ch nh trng chung v ch nh
cc gi tr ln lt vo cc trng cung tn trng
nhng tn cc bng c t ln lt thm cc c
1, 2, 3
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
82
8. CC TRUY VN KHC
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
83
8. CC TRUY VN KHC
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
84
8. CC TRUY VN KHC
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
85
8. CC TRUY VN KHC
8.2. Truy vn khng c trong - Find Unmatched Query
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
86
8. CC TRUY VN KHC
8.3. Truy vn trng - Find Duplicates Query
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
87
8. CC TRUY VN KHC
8.4. Truy vn phi hp
Trong thc t co th co nhng yu cu m khng dung
mt bng vn tin s kh phc tp v rt kho kim sot.
Khi o ta dung phi hp nhng bng vn tin.
V d: Cho bng ChiTietHD,HOSOKH v HOADON
nh sau
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
88
8. CC TRUY VN KHC
Yu cu: Hin th nhng khch hng khng mua m
hng X83
Thc hin qua 2 bc
- Bc 1: To bng vn tin lc nhng khch hng co
mua m hng X83 (t tn bng vn tin l M83)
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
89
8. CC TRUY VN KHC
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
90
9.TRUY VN CON
V d 1: Cho bng HOCVIEN(MaHV, HoTen,
MNgaySinh, Phai, MaLop)
Yu cu 1: Hin th nhng hc vin gmcc thng tin:
MaHV, Hoten, NgaySinh, MaLop
SELECT MaHV, Hoten, NgaySinh, MaLop
FROM HOCVIEN
Yu cu 2: Hin th nhng hc vin co MaLop l KT1,
thng tin gm MaHV, Hoten, NgaySinh, MaLop
SELECTMaHV, Hoten, NgaySinh, MaLop
FROMHOCVIEN
WHERE MaLop = KT1
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
91
9.TRUY VN CON
- Bng vn tin con c dung nh mt tiu chun lc
d liu (trongmt yu cu thc t). Chng hn nh
hin th nhng nhn vinco mc lng ln hn mc
lng trung bnh ca cc nhn vin trong c quan, hay
hin th nhng hc vin co im ton cao nht ca
tng lp
V d 2:Cho bng LUONG(MaNV, HoTen, MaBP,
ChucVu, MucLuong, NgayCong)
Yu cu: Hin th nhng nhn vin co lng trung bnh
cao nht
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
92
9.TRUY VN CON
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
93
10.TRUY VN VI CC HNH NG
Ngoi cc bng vn tin dung xem d liu cn co
cc bng vn tin dung cp nht, thm, xo, sa
d liu c gi l bng vn tin hnh ng.
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
94
10.1. Truy vn cp nht (Update Query)
Cc bc xy dng truy vn cp nht
Chn ngun d liu (cc bng hoc truy vn
khc)
Chn lnh Query / Update Query, hin thm hng
Update to trong li QBE
t biu thc vo
Update To ca trng cn
sa
Criteria: ghi iu kin
tng ng
95
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
95
V d: trong hnh di, khi
thc hin Query th n gi
mt hng Go s gim 1000
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
96
10.2. Truy vn xo (Delete Query)
Chn ngun d liu (cc bng hoc truy vn
khc)
Chn lnh Query / Delete Query, hin thm hng
Delete trong li QBE
Ko du * ca bng mun xo
vo dng Field, t kho From xut
hin trn dng Delete
Ko trng dng lp iu kin
vo dng Field, t kho Where
xut hin trn dng Delete
97
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
97
V d: trong hnh di, khi thc hin Query
th cc mu tin c S ho n l H01/KD s b
xo
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
98
10.3 Truy vn Thm (Append Query)
V d: Thm nhng mu tin co s tin<500000 t
HoaDon vo PhieuThu
- Bc 1: T ca s Database, chn New/ Design View
v ch nh cung cp d liu qua
khung Show Table. y ta chn bng HoaDon
- Bc 2: gi menu Query/Append Query v ch nh tn
bng d liu vo Table Name, ri OK
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
99
Bc 3: Trong li thit k cn ch nh nhng trng cn
sao chep sang, thng thng ta phi ch nh tn trng
lm kho chnh ca bng nhn d liu. Nu trng ch
nh trn li thit k tn ti trn bng nhn d liu th no
t ng a vo. Nu trng o khng co trng tng
ng ta phi ch nh vo.
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
100
-Bc 4: Khi ta thc hin chy (run) cu vn tin ny
s xut hin thng bo nhc nh
-Nu ta chn Yes th s chp nhn thm 4 dng vo

bng PhieuThu. Tuy nhin khng phI lc no cng
thnh cng. Nu khng thnh cng th s xut hin
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
101
10.4. Make Table Query
Ta co th dung bng vn tin to mt bng d liu,
chng hn nh lu s liu co. Mun vy ta thao tc
nh sau:
-Bc 1: T ca s Database, chn New/ Design View v
ch nh cung cp d liu.
- Bc 2: gi menu Query/ Make Table Query v ch nh
tn bng d liu vo Table Name, ri OK
- Bc 3: ch nh cc trng vo dng Field

28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
102
V d: Gi s co 2 bng HocVien(MaHV, HoTen,
NgaySinh, Lop) v KetQua(MaHV,MaMH, Diem) To
bng d liu bng tn DiemTB t 2 bng d liu
co
Bc 1: To bng vn tin co ni dung nh sau
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
103
- Bc 2: Gi menu Query/ Make Table Query ri g
tn vo Table Name
-Bc 3: Thc hin cu vn tin ny s to mt bng

mi co tn DiemTB
Lu : Trong Append Queryth bng nhn d liu l
bng co (nu cha co th thng bo li), cn trong
Make Table Query th bng nhn d liu l cha co
(nu co th nhc nh ghi chng ln hay khng).
28/08/2013
MaMH: 701006
104
TRNG I HOC TN C THNG

KHOA QUN TR KINH DOANH

03.chuong3 Truy Van Du Lieu - Query

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

03.chuong3 Truy Van Du Lieu - Query

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TIN HOC NG DUNG

TRONG KINH DOANH 2

Ging Vin: ThS. Nguyn Minh Thnh

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

Chn Design View, OK, xut hin ca s nh sau

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

3. TON T V HM TRONG ACCESS.

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

3. TON T V HM TRONG ACCESS.

<, <=, >, >=, =, <> (khng bng)

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

3. TON T V HM TRONG ACCESS.

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

3. TON T V HM TRONG ACCESS.

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

3. TON T V HM TRONG ACCESS.

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

3. TON T V HM TRONG ACCESS.

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

3. TON T V HM TRONG ACCESS.

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

Hin th nhng hc vin cha co nm sinh

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

V d 2: Hin th nhng mt hng co n gi >=5000 hocs lng >=100

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

3. TON T V HM TRONG ACCESS.

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

3. TON T V HM TRONG ACCESS.

y: ngy trong nm (day of year)

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

3. TON T V HM TRONG ACCESS.

Day(d liu trch) = DATEPART(d,d liu trch)

Month(D liu trch) = DATEPART(m,d liu trch)

Year(D liu trch) = DATEPART(yy,d liu trch)

Date(): ly ngy ca h thng

Now(): ly ngy gi ca h thng

WeekDay(biu thc ngy): cho kt qu l s th t ca biu

DateDiif(nh dng, biu thc ngy B, biu thc ngy KT):

DateAdd(nh dng, n, biu thc ngy): cng thm n n v

Hour(Biu thc gi): cho kt qu l gi ca biu thc gi

Minute(Biu thc gi): cho kt qu l pht ca biu thc gi

Second(Biu thc gi): cho kt qu l giy ca biu thc gi

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

3. TON T V HM TRONG ACCESS.

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

3. TON T V HM TRONG ACCESS.

Chng 3. Truy vn d liu Query

3. TON T V HM TRONG ACCESS.

xp loi co ni dung nh sau: