CONFIDENTIAL, EHIJUN 2013/CHE433 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION COURSE : THERMODYNAMICS COURSE CODE : CHE433 EXAMINATION : JUNE 2013 TIME : 3HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1 This question paper consists of five (5) questions. 2 ‘Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet, Start each answer on a new page. 3, Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. 4 Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of i) the Question Paper ii) an Answer Booklet — provided by the Faculty iii) a thermodynamics Property Table — provided by the Faculty DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO This examination paper consists of 5 printed pages ‘© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 2 EHIJUN 2013/CHE433 QUESTION 1 (P01, CO4, C1, C2, Ca) ) Distinguish the following terms: i) Work and heat ii) Adiabatic and isothermal (8 marks) b) A 1m’ container is filled with 0.15 m® of granite, 0.18 m® of sand, and 0.3 m® of liquid 25°C water. The rest of the volume is air with a density of 1.15 kg/m3. Determine the overall (average) specific volume and density. (7 marks) QUESTION 2 (P02, CO2,C2, C3) a) Consider 1 kg of refrigerant 134-a vapor of 400kPa contained in a cylindrical tank is being cooled. If the tank is rigid and has a volume of 0.072m’, i) Determine the pressure when the refrigerant first starts condensing (in kPa).. (5 marks) ii) Show the process on a P-V diagram with respect to saturation lines. (S marks) b) A system contains 1 kmol of an ideal gas with initial condition of 0.1 MPa and 298.15 K is. Needed to be compressed to 0.5 MPa and 298.15 K. The required final condition can be achieved by heating the system at constant volume followed by cooling at constant pressure. The heat capacities for the gas may be assumed independent of temperature where C, and C, are 20.78 J/mol-K and 29.10 J/mol-K respectively, and the molar volume. of the gas is 0.02479 m’/mol at 298.15 K and 1 bar. Assuming & is constant, calculate: i) both initial and final volume of the gas in m°. (6 marks) ji) the intermediate temperature (in Kelvin) (3 marks) i) the work requirements involved in both processes (in ki). (3 marks) iv) the heat (in kJ) involved in each of the processes. (4 marks) (© Hak Cipta Universit Teknologi MARA, CONFIDENTIAL,CONFIDENTIAL 3 EHIJUN 2013/CHE433 QUESTION 3 (P02, C02, C3, C4) The general steady ~ flow energy equation of an open system can be written as: 0,41, “Dalh + +0. i, +Da(netoe,) Steam enters a turbine through a duct of area 0.1m? at 5MPa and 400°C, with a speed of 200m/s. The exit duct at the other end has an area of 2.0m? through which the steam leaves at 100kPa with a quality of 95%. There is also heat loss of 20kW through the turbine casing. a) By making appropriate assumptions, rewrite the steady — flow energy equation given above to a suitable form that can be applied to this problem. (4 marks) b) Determine: i. the mass flow rate of the steam (in kg/s). (4 marks) ii. the speed of the exiting steam. (4 marks) iii, the specific enthalpy at the exit of the turbine, (4 marks) iv. _ the power output of the turbine (in kW), (4 marks) QUESTION 4 (P02, CO3, C4, C6) a) A heat pump operates on a Camot heat pump cycle with R-134a as the working fluid. Heat is absorbed into the R-134a at 0°C, during which it changes from a two-phase state to saturated vapor. The heat is rejected from the R-134a at 60°C and ends up as ‘saturated liquid. Determine: the pressure after compression, before the heat rejection process. (5 marks) ii, the COP for the cycle. (2marks) (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL, 4 EHIJUN 2013/CHE433 b) A Camot cycle as shown in Figure 1 below is executed by an ideal gas. Prove that for the cycle, the relationship between the volumes of the four states is given as: VV, =V,-V, (8 marks) Isothermal v Figure 1 P-V diagram of a Carnot cycle QUESTION 5 (P02, CO3, C2, C4, C5) ‘Steam is the working fluid in an ideal Rankine cycle with superheat and reheats. Steam enters the first-stage turbine at 8.0 MPa, 450°C, and expands to 0.8MPa. It is then reheated to 400°C before entering the second-stage turbine, where it expands to the condenser pressure of 0.0075 as shown in Figure 2. i. Sketch the cycle on a T-s coordinates. (3 marks) ii, Determine the thermal efficiency of the cycle. (19 marks) Determine the rate of heat transfer Q.. from the condensing steam as it passes through the condenser for a mass flow rate of 65 kg/s. (3 marks) (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 5 EHIJUN 2013/CHE433 Steam generator S=7" 5 Saturated liquid Figure 2 Ideal Rankine cycle END OF QUESTION PAPER (© Hak Cipta Universit Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL