SQA Navigation 032-73 Navigation March 2006 Staff Answers Question 1 Part (a) ‘Vessel overloaded by 210 T over winter marks and must pass nto Winter Zone somewnere Calculate distance to burn of fuel Fuel to bumn =210 Ton {Consumes 4 tonnes per day 20 hours ‘Therefore time required to bum off fue = = 710 +42 = 5 Day Service speed = Tes Distance to steam = 16x 120 « 1920 mis inter Zone has southern boundary at 36°N but Seasonat Zone It wil already be classed as Summer Zane. Therefore: See worksheet ‘essa cous steam direct to 36°N, 50°W (OPOW gives eeberg tint as 2°, 40"W ‘Therefore: calculate distance to 36°N, 30°W Initia Peiton = 300N, 79° A0W (Point A) Waypoint = 36°N 50°W (Point W), Deng 29" 40E os Distance 8 DLong Cos LA Cot Lw «Sin LASin Lt = Gos 29°40 x Cos 30x Cos 36+ Sin 30 Sin 36 ojsoersast3 + 0.293692626 So,s02e314 stance = 25°29.2 2 1529.2 mos Therefore: On arrival at 26°N, SOOW vere has not yet burned off fuel Therefore: Calculate stance from 36°N, 50°W to 40°N, 40°W (Point) {Coe Distance ~ Cos lv Coe LY Coe Dong » Sin Lw Sin LY oe 36-1 Cos 40"x Cos 10" + Sin 36° Sin 40" Toveroazyeee « 0.37821077 =0.588148751 Distance Total stance to 40°N, 40°W = 1535.2 » 529.8 = 2059.0 als Fuel now burnt off so vesel can proceed dec to destination (" 14N, 6° 40W) In Seasonal ove! SQA Mar 06 Page 1Iceberg Limit = 40°N, 400W (Point ¥) long» 33°20 ¢E) Destination «61° 14.8, 6°40 W Point 8 Cos Distance = Cos LY Cos U8 Cos DLong + Sin LY Sin LB Tete aon cos 4°14 Con 39" 20+ Sin 40"x Sin 61°14 To,soaooss + 0563459136 Loariaesiez Distance 29° 22.2 202.3 mies Total Distance to 61" 14M, 6° 40W = 1529.2 + 529.8 + 1762.2 = 3821.2 mies ‘question 1, See worksheet Question 1b for Answer Question 2. 25.90 Water Line ‘chart Datum Helght of Tide Required = 28.0-26.9 = 11m ‘SQA Mar 06 Page?1273 NAVIGATION worKsuEETO? PEMARCH 2005 (This Worksheet mst be returned ih your answer bok) esas ocs 105 [iz0s Ccandidte’s Nave Examination Cote€ Standard Pert: Boston Date: 9th Aol Time Zor Secondary Pot: Cape Cod Canal sta port Predicted Eearoal chang Std ror Uncorrected Ditterences Seesnal change See Fort — Sec Port 1203 Duration a5 mia From Tisl Cure HoT Required occurs hrs 20 mis before HW at 08:43 which I latest time that Tug and Tow can pass under the Drie. Question 3 Parta 1). The claimed accuracy of Loran Ci approximately «0.25 miles when groundwave cception i avalable and + 2.0 miles when only skywave avaliable. ange is approx 1200"forgroundwave reception but can double to 2400 fr shywave coverage Perea Beeurac tase with increasing stance. Curenty there ace two chains on F,Coast UgkrCanade which coud give coverage for part of the voyage and US costa waters. Dvellabiiy 24 92a. (1) Celestia observations if using a star fx then accuracy shouldbe in order of 2s on an seear passage. Ronin fines using sun ave subject to more erors due to run between Soverations Sar fees avalable wie a day during tight, sun-ran-sun during daytght hours [Al dependant on clear skies and visible Horizon. Part 35. ‘an electronic chats basically a database of ll the charted features to be found on charts Covering a specified area. Ce a toatare ha its own set of entries ithe database, ea lghthouse wil have iS EBSTd poston store onthe database. attached to tis entry wil be all he information pncerning the ight that could be found on the chat: fe. Typecot structure Characteristics Elevation Nominal range, et. Items stored onthe database would include depts (individual + contour), rocks, Buoys Ug, TS wrecks etc “Fee tace that cach feature can be stored individually means thatthe user can choose (with SA Mar 06 Page 3some restrictions) what ie delayed, e.g all depts shallower than a stata depth could be Showa but dept greater than the tated depth weuld rot be shown, TAs known as layering and cou be used to show only thesltent features necessary for the sate navigation ofthe vessel. Ae the vessel moves thvough an area, the computer system wl tok for featares within tne radu of the ECDIS display. wil dplay features which come within range and eiscard features as they move ost of range. This allows fora seamkess play 3s the vesel ants an aea. Tee are set standands/ specications aid down by IHO regarding EUC but few systems meet all the requirement. Part 3c “The Raster Navigational Chart (RNC) i 9 dgised scan ofan actual Admiralty chat and thes fas the same accuracy as a paper char. “The system Laks the sophitieation ofthe ENC as when che vessel reaches the edge ofan RNC the play wil go Blane unless adjoining chart avalable in RNC format. ‘Carrent guidelines resarding RNC are such that paper charts must stil be carried and used for navigation, MN 83 gives general qudance ofthe vse of electronic chart systoms and use of each typeof Oar 'MGN 193 gives detailed guidance on how the requirements for paper charts may be reduced by Carrying out risk assessments on the major problems tat may be encountered when using Poles to be considered, include ‘re there RNC charts with suifcient detail of coverage fr intended passage Faure of vital components of the ECDIS system Question 4. “The Master shoud be called in ampe tie to allow hie J. To observe the navigational and traffic stuaion Inthe appreaches tothe T.SS {4 The engines shouldbe on standby and /R manne. 1 doth steering motors shoud be engaged prior tothe entering of .5S.. The Hetmsinan Should switch to hand stering in ample time to alow hi Co gage resporsiveness to etn orsers, fv, Extra lookout t be posted prior to entering 5.5. vs Watertight doors to be closed 1, Major navigational equipment to be tested, with particular reference to performance of fadar? ARPA and the errors ofthe compass. ‘i, Systematic ploting of all targets commenced well before entering the scheme, i Speed! adjusted to that commensurate with observed traftc density and available SQA Mar 05 Page 41x, Frequency of position fixing tobe increased and ll major navigational marks tobe ‘entitled visually and by raga. Check visibility using radar range to nearby targets and navigational tights Pare 4, Bridge Team to consist of: Master ow Helmsman Lockout Master: tobe In overall contol and responsible for collision avoidance. * O0W= response Yor navigation and advising master of early warming of dar targets ‘causing concem + Helmsman: 2s vessel may need to manoeuvre quickly * Lookout: due to Increased trafic density and posbity ofall craft inarea, I the navigation feria then it may be prudent ta call a second OOW to Bridge. This wilt + GOW 1 - To concentrate purely on navigation and + 00W2 To tok ater cllsionavordance ‘Master can then take an overview of situation with aformation being ed fam both OOWS Engine Room Team corsets of; Chief Engineer o0w GP Rating + Chief Engineer: to take care of / and monitor overall conitionofmachinery and lage with Bridge rom E/R contr room. + EOOW: Co asist Chet Encincer andi necessary attend to alarms + GP Racing: 0 assist EOOW In confined waters, recuced visibility or heavy traffic where failure of propulsion or steering {ar could rapily put ship n danger, consiceration should be give to having etetcian ot Second EOOW avatable, Parte When using Pl techniques OOW must stil fix vest postion on chart. The following checks must be caried out prior touring Pt |, Targets to be used for tracking must be positively identified and should not be chosen if they are thely to be confused with ater targets in ely. 11 The overall perfermance ofthe radar tobe checked rior to and more frequent during the passnge when using Pl i Timebase must be accurately centred on own ship. 'v, The heading marker shoud be checked for algnment with ship Fx ine. v-The Gyro eror should be determined prir to using P and shoud be allowed for, SQA Mar 06 Pagessystem (6. GPS) vii, OOW shoulé be aware that changing range scales may necesitate repositioning the Pl ve If possible check accuracy of VR ac range rings agaist fx frm secondary navigation 4 lines. Question 5a, a Taget Targets | Target Course ouer 1s 1156 Speed 7.5 Kate TO Kn CPA = ae t Tok = od Tos Aspect co ‘one Target Crossing Vessel therefore under Rue 19 shoud avo alteration af course to Port fora vessel forward of beam f not being overtaken Target 8 Being overtaken - may be Joining TSS option of going to Pet or Starboard. Alteration to Port would clear vessel aster Target ¢ Is overtaking wn vesel and wil be involved in cose quarters situation with Target A and own vessel i target vessel takes no action own vesel coud alter t Port or Starboare to clea. Target A: Likely action alter course to tba Target 8: Likely actin falter course to Port ‘Target C: Could alter course to Porto Stbd Therefore own vessel requites bold alteration ofcourse to Starboard ora reduction in speed however a reduction of speed wil not result ih Target C having a CPA» tre, ‘Theretore bold alteration of couse to Starboard required Part Sb See Pot ‘Own vessel wil alter course to Std, by at Least 068= to anew course of 193017 Part Se ‘Vessel will no longer be proceeding with genera flow of traffic; owaver this is permitted vessel has to manoeuvre to avoid immediate danger. Vessel will have to menitor how far ‘cross the lane the alteration of course wil take I veszl closer separation zone o ine Boundary further action may be required to stay inane depending on ai. Part Sd. See Pit {vessel resumes arigna curse at 10:40 and remains at a spec of kts Target 8 wil have a (CPA of 4c passing down the Port side of own vesst Therefore further action may be required once Target A and C ae clear. SOA Mar 06 Page 6NAVIGATION WORKSHEET Qs 2a MARCH 2006 (This Worksheet mst be etumed with your anower bok) RADAR PLOTTING SHEET reese Lisa fo, fod fodade tlt M8 See canstPEE Paes