Traffic&Redesign

LCC Pakistan

Objective
Call setup,Mobility&Integrity is a Key of
Optimization

Traffic&Redesign

LCC Pakistan

Outline

GSM Protocol Architecture for

Signaling

International Signaling relation via

ISDN

GSM Interface & Layers Function

Call setup Overview

Key points in Call Setup.

Explanation of each point with

layer 3&2
message & logical channels.

Question &Answers

Traffic&Redesign

LCC Pakistan

GSM Protocol Architecture for Signaling

Traffic&Redesign

LCC Pakistan

GSM Signaling Network Continue

Traffic&Redesign

LCC Pakistan

International Signaling relation via ISDN

Traffic&Redesign

LCC Pakistan

SS7 Signaling Architecture

Traffic&Redesign

LCC Pakistan

SS7 Layer in GSM Network

Traffic&Redesign

LCC Pakistan

SS7 Layers in GSM Network

Traffic&Redesign

LCC Pakistan

SS7 Layers in GSM Network

Traffic&Redesign

10

LCC Pakistan

SS7 Layers in GSM Network

Mobile Application Part (MAP)

Mobile-specific extension of C7 standard.

All messages exchanged between NSS Elements (MSC,HLR,VLR)

Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP)

A connectionless transport service provided by the SCCP

Provides core functionality to support roaming
Allows its users to access other users via worldwide C7/SS7 network

Signalling Connection Control Part (SCCP)

Logical signalling connection between MSC and MS to support Layer 3

(MM/CM) message transfers
Uses reduced set of C7 signalling instructions
Routes messages via STPs

Message Transfer Part (MTP)

C7 protocols responsible for routing and transport of signalling

messages

Traffic&Redesign

11

LCC Pakistan

SS7 Layers in GSM Network

Traffic&Redesign

12

LCC Pakistan

GSM Protocol Summery

Traffic&Redesign

13

LCC Pakistan

GSM Interfaces & Layers

Traffic&Redesign

14

LCC Pakistan

A Interface

Traffic&Redesign

15

LCC Pakistan

A Interface
BSSMAP - deals with procedures that take place logically between the
BSS and MSC, examples :
Trunk Maintenance, Ciphering, Handover, Voice/Data Trunk Assignment
DTAP - deals with procedures that take place logically between the MS
and MSC. The BSS does not interpret the DTAP information, it simply
repackages it and sends it to the MS over the Um Interface. examples:
Location Update, MS originated and terminated Calls, Short Message
Service, User Supplementary Service registration, activation,
deactivation and erasure

Traffic&Redesign

16

LCC Pakistan

A Interface

Traffic&Redesign

17

LCC Pakistan

A Interface

Traffic&Redesign

18

LCC Pakistan

Abis Interface

Traffic&Redesign

19

LCC Pakistan

Abis Interface
Messages exchanges between the BTS and BSC.

Traffic exchanges
Signaling exchanges
Physical access between BTS and BSC is PCM digital links of
E1(32) or T1(24) TS at 64kbit/s.
Speech:
Conveyed in timeslots at 4X16 kbit/s
Data:
Conveyed in timeslots of 4X16 kbit/s. The initial user rate, which
may be 300, 1200, is adjusted to 16 kbit/s

Traffic&Redesign

20

LCC Pakistan

Abis Interface
Level 1-PCM transmission (E1 or T1)
Speech encoded at 16kbit/s and sub
multiplexed in 64kbit/s time slots.
Data which rate is adapted and
synchronized.
Level 2-LAPD protocol
Radio Signaling Link (RSL)
Operation and Maintenance Link (OML).
Level 3-Application Protocol
Radio Subsystem Management (RSM)
Operation and Maintenance procedure
(OAM)

Traffic&Redesign

21

LCC Pakistan

Abis Interface

Traffic&Redesign

22

LCC Pakistan

LAPD Message

Traffic&Redesign

23

LCC Pakistan

LAPD Message..
The length is limited to 260 octets of information.
LAPD has the address of the destination terminal, to

identify the TRX, since this is a point to multipoint

interface.
Each TRX in a BTS corresponds to one or several
signaling links. These links are distinguished by TEI
(Terminal Equipment Identities).
SAPI=0, SAPI=3, SAPI=62 for OAM.

Traffic&Redesign

24

LCC Pakistan

Um Interface
Level 1-Physical

TDMA frame
Logical channels multiplexing
Level 2-LAPDm(modified from LAPD)
No flag
No error retransmission mechanism due to real time
constraints
Level 3-Radio Interface Layer (RIL3) involves three sub layers
RR: paging, power control, ciphering execution, handover
MM: security, location IMSI attach/detach
CM: Call Control(CC), Supplementary Services(SS), Short
Message Services(SMS),

Traffic&Redesign

25

LCC Pakistan

Layer1 Signaling

Traffic&Redesign

26

LCC Pakistan

Layer 2 Signaling

Traffic&Redesign

27

LCC Pakistan

LAPDm Message

In LAPDm the use of flags is avoided.

LAPDm maximum length is 21 octets of information. It makes use of
more bit to distinguish last frame of a message.
No frame check sequence for LAPDm, it uses the error detecting
performance of the transmission coding scheme offered by the physical
layer

Traffic&Redesign

28

LCC Pakistan

LAPDm Message.
The acknowledgement for the next expected frame in the indicator N(R ).
On radio interface two independent flows(one for signaling, and one for

SMS) can exist simultaneously.

These two flows are distinguished by a link identifier called the
SAPI(service access point identifier).
LAPDm SAPI=0 for signaling and SAPI=3 for SMS.
SAP1=0 for radio signaling, SAPI=62 for OAM and SAPI=63 for layer 2
management on the Abis interface.
There is no need of a TEI, because there is no need to distinguish the
different mobile stations, which is done by distinguishing the different
radio channels.

Traffic&Redesign

29

LCC Pakistan

Layer 3 Signaling

Traffic&Redesign

30

LCC Pakistan

Layer3 Signaling Message Format at air Interface

Traffic&Redesign

31

LCC Pakistan

Protocol Discriminator

Traffic&Redesign

32

LCC Pakistan

Transaction Identifier

Traffic&Redesign

33

LCC Pakistan

Message Type

Traffic&Redesign

34

LCC Pakistan

Traffic&Redesign

35

LCC Pakistan

Traffic&Redesign

36

LCC Pakistan

Information Element

Traffic&Redesign

37

LCC Pakistan

Measurement Report

Traffic&Redesign

38

LCC Pakistan

Layer 3 Function

Traffic&Redesign

39

LCC Pakistan

RR Management

Traffic&Redesign

40

LCC Pakistan

Mobility Management

Traffic&Redesign

41

LCC Pakistan

Connection Management

Traffic&Redesign

42

LCC Pakistan

RR Massage, Channel & MT Code

Traffic&Redesign

43

LCC Pakistan

MM Massage

Traffic&Redesign

44

LCC Pakistan

CM Message

Traffic&Redesign

45

LCC Pakistan

Call Setup Overview

MS Idle Mode Behavior

Call setup signaling flow with Layer2&Layer3 explanation
Handover signaling flow
Location updated signaling Flow

Traffic&Redesign

46

LCC Pakistan

MS Idle Mode Behavior

Traffic&Redesign

47

LCC Pakistan

Idle Mode Measurements..explain in call Setup

Traffic&Redesign

48

LCC Pakistan

Call Setup Signaling Flow

Traffic&Redesign

49

LCC Pakistan

Call Setup Signaling Flow

Traffic&Redesign

50

LCC Pakistan

Call Setup With Counters

Traffic&Redesign

51

LCC Pakistan

Paging Types
Paging locates MS to cell Level for call

routing

Three paging message types:

Type 1 - 2 MSs using IMSI/TMSI

Type 2 - 3 MSs (1xIMSI, 2xTMSI)
Type 3 - 4 MSs using TMSI only
Paging message requires 4 bursts (1

CCCH block)

Paging messages may be stored at BSS

Transmitted on PCH
If DRX is implemented MS listens only

to allocated paging group

Traffic&Redesign

52

LCC Pakistan

Timers involved in Call Process

Traffic&Redesign

53

LCC Pakistan

Traffic&Redesign

54

LCC Pakistan

Traffic&Redesign

55

LCC Pakistan

Layer2&3 involved in Call setup

Traffic&Redesign

56

LCC Pakistan

Call Setup Measurements

Layer3
RR Management Message
MM Management Message
CM Management Message

Layer2

RR-RSP
I-CMD
SABM-CMD
UA-RSP
DISC-CMD
Call Setup
Call Establishment
Call End

Traffic&Redesign

57

LCC Pakistan

Layer3 Message. RR Management Message

Traffic&Redesign

58

LCC Pakistan

RR Paging Message Structure

Protocol Discriminator

The Channel Field (bits 1-2 of octet 2) indicates the further combination of
channel which will be needed. It is coded as follows

Traffic&Redesign

59

LCC Pakistan

Channel Needed
To indicate what type of channel is required for the
transaction linked to the paging procedure.
First Channel 00 Any channel
01 SDCCH
10 TCH/F
11 TCH/H or TCH/F
Second Channel
Same as first channel

RR-Paging Message

Paging Request Type1

Page mode
To control the action of MS belonging to the
paging subgroup corresponding to the
paging
subchannel.
Page Mode 00 Normal Paging
01 Extended Paging
10 Paging Re organisation
11 Same as before
Mobile Identity

To provide either the IMSI, the (P) TMSI but not

the IMEI bases paging.
IMSI <= 15 digts
(P) TMSI= 4 Octets
Odd/even indication
Value 0 : Even number of identity digits
(

Traffic&Redesign

60

Type of Identity

LCC Pakistan

Paging Request Type2

Traffic&Redesign

61

LCC Pakistan

Paging Request Type3

Traffic&Redesign

62

LCC Pakistan

RR System Information
1.
2.
3.

PD for System Information is always 6.

Skip Indicator is 0000
Message Type as below
Protocol

Traffic&Redesign

63

Discriminator

LCC Pakistan

System Information
in Idle Mode

Traffic&Redesign

64

LCC Pakistan

System Information Type1

Traffic&Redesign

65

LCC Pakistan

System Information Type1

Traffic&Redesign

66

LCC Pakistan

System Information Type2

Traffic&Redesign

67

LCC Pakistan

System Information Type2

Traffic&Redesign

68

LCC Pakistan

System Information Type 2ter

Traffic&Redesign

69

LCC Pakistan

System Information Type 2ter

Traffic&Redesign

70

LCC Pakistan

System Information Type3

Traffic&Redesign

71

LCC Pakistan

System Information Type3

Traffic&Redesign

72

LCC Pakistan

System Information Type3

Traffic&Redesign

73

LCC Pakistan

System Information Type4

Traffic&Redesign

74

LCC Pakistan

System Information Type4

Traffic&Redesign

75

LCC Pakistan

System Information Type4

Traffic&Redesign

76

LCC Pakistan

System Information
in Dedicated Mode

Traffic&Redesign

77

LCC Pakistan

System Information Type5

Traffic&Redesign

78

LCC Pakistan

System Information Type5

Traffic&Redesign

79

LCC Pakistan

System Information Type6

Traffic&Redesign

80

LCC Pakistan

System Information Type 6

Traffic&Redesign

81

LCC Pakistan

RRChannel Request
Establishment cause (3 bit).
Answer to page
MOC/MTC
Location update
SMS
NECI Parameters setting is
explain in next slide

Channel Request
Message Format

Random Reference
MS Generate Random Number (3...5bit) by
Using Random algorithm.
Number slot spread Tran
No of Max Retransmission

Traffic&Redesign

82

LCC Pakistan

Channel Request Message.

Enable NECI
Disable NECI

Traffic&Redesign

83

LCC Pakistan

Immediate Assignment
Channel Control Parameters
Separated/Combined/Hybrid
Channel configuration.
Training Sequence Code(0..7)
After a suitable channel has been
found, the BSC determines the most
suitable training sequence code by
examining
all
the
interfering
connections(C/I based).

RF Hopping Channel(Hopping
List)

Establishment cause is a 3 bit.

Answer to page
MOC/MTC
Location update
SMS
NECI(New establishment cause
Indication) is disabled.

Timing Advance is
a access delay.
(1 TA=550M)
MA List
Traffic&Redesign

84

LCC Pakistan

CM Service Request
CM Service Type
To specify which service is
requested from network

Mobile Station
Class mark
Define certain
attributes of the MS
equipment in use on a
certain transaction.

Mobile Identity

Traffic&Redesign

85

LCC Pakistan

Mobile Station Class mark

Define certain attributes of the
MS equipment in use on a certain
transaction.
Revision Level
Establish Indication
Encryption Algorithm
RF Power Capability
SOLSA (Support of localized
service area)
VBS/VGCS
CM Service Prompt
SM Capability

Traffic&Redesign

86

LCC Pakistan

Cipher Response

Traffic&Redesign

87

LCC Pakistan

Traffic&Redesign

88

LCC Pakistan

call setup

Traffic&Redesign

89

LCC Pakistan

Call Processing or Call Progress

Traffic&Redesign

90

LCC Pakistan

Assignment Command

Traffic&Redesign

91

LCC Pakistan

Assignment Command

Traffic&Redesign

92

LCC Pakistan

Assignment Command

Traffic&Redesign

93

LCC Pakistan

Assignment Command

Traffic&Redesign

94

LCC Pakistan

Traffic&Redesign

95

LCC Pakistan

Traffic&Redesign

96

LCC Pakistan

Traffic&Redesign

97

LCC Pakistan

Traffic&Redesign

98

LCC Pakistan

Measurement Report Message format

Traffic&Redesign

99

LCC Pakistan

Measurements Report (MS Report after each 480ms)

If the list of the Neighboring cells is
changed by the operator ,this
parameters (set=0,1) toggles. it tells
the locating algorithm in the BSC
which neighboring cells description
the MS has used , that is updated or
old one.

The MS must send

continuous
measurement reports
but for some reason if
MS does not have
measurement , it can
indicate to the
network with this bit.

These Element contains

the averaged received
signal Quality of the
serving cells on all time
slots and on subset of
time slots. The signal
quality mapped to a
corresponding BER%
value before decoding as
follows.
RX Qual 0= BER<0.2%
RX Qual1=BER 0.2% to
0.4% .
.
.
RX Qual 7=BER>12.8%.

Traffic&Redesign

This bit indicate if the MS used

Discontinuous Transmission on the
uplink.
If 1 Dtx used, 0 is not used

These elements contains

the averaged received
signal strength, BCCH,
& Basic of the nth(n=1
to 6) Neighbor cells.
BCCH Allocation
List.set to 1 in
neighbor cells
parameters description.
with 5 bits (0..31)
BSIC consist of 6 bits

100

These Element contains the averaged

received signal level of the serving
cells on all time slots and on subset of
time slots. The signal strength
mapped on RX Level value between
0..63.
RX Level 0= less than -110dbm
RX Level 1=-110dbm to -109dbm.
.
.
.
RX Level 63=greater than -48dbm.

LCC Pakistan

Traffic&Redesign

101

LCC Pakistan

Traffic&Redesign

102

LCC Pakistan

Traffic&Redesign

103

LCC Pakistan

Traffic&Redesign

104

LCC Pakistan

HO Procedure

Traffic&Redesign

105

LCC Pakistan

Location Updated

Traffic&Redesign

106

LCC Pakistan

Question&Answer

Open Discussion

Traffic&Redesign

107

LCC Pakistan