Casting Defects Handbook: Iron & Steel

Table of Contents
Foreword ..................................................................................................................................................
Acknowledgements...................................................................................................................................
1Broken or Cracked Castings................................................................................................................
2Crushes, Pushups & Clamp-Offs .........................................................................................................
3Cuts or Washes ...................................................................................................................................
4Dirt, Slag & Other Inclusions ..............................................................................................................
5Drops..................................................................................................................................................
6Erosion Scabs .....................................................................................................................................
7Expansion Defects ..............................................................................................................................
8Gas Defects.........................................................................................................................................
9Gross Segregation, Carbon Flotation, Kish Graphite & Dross .............................................................
10Non-Uniform Hardness, Hard Spots, Hard Areas & Chilled Spots.....................................................
11Hot Tears ..........................................................................................................................................
12Inverse Chills ....................................................................................................................................
13Mass Hardness ..................................................................................................................................
14 Metal Penetration & Fusion..............................................................................................................
15Misruns & Cold Shuts.......................................................................................................................
16Off Dimension Related to Cores........................................................................................................
17Open Grain Structure ........................................................................................................................
18Poured Short .....................................................................................................................................
19Ramoffs or Ramaways ......................................................................................................................
20Rough Surface ..................................................................................................................................
21Runouts & Bleeders ..........................................................................................................................
22Scars, Seams & Plates .......................................................................................................................
23Shifts ................................................................................................................................................
24Shot Metal or Cold Shots ..................................................................................................................
25Shrinkage Cavities & Depressions.....................................................................................................
26Stickers .............................................................................................................................................
27Swells, Strains & Sags ......................................................................................................................
28Veins & Fins .....................................................................................................................................
29Warped Castings ...............................................................................................................................
30Widmanstattn Graphite....................................................................................................................
Appendix ..................................................................................................................................................