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STL Vector | 1
S

NG STL VECTOR
I.Gi
i thiu :
L
p mng ng
vector<T>
c s
n trong th vin chun STL ca C++ cho php nh ngha mt mng ng
cc phn
t
kiu T,
vector c cc tnh ch
t sau
:- Khng c
n phi khai bo kch thc ca mng
vector c th
t ng
c
p pht
b

 nh
, b

n s

khng ph

i quan tm

n qu

n l
kch th
c c

a n.- Vector cn c th
cho bn bit s lng cc phn t m
b
n ang lu trong n.
Vector c cc phng thc
c
a
stack.- H
tr tt c cc thao tc c bn nh chn ,xa, sao chp
..
II.V sao dng vector :
Ki

u vector c th

coi l ki

u m

ng trong l

p trnh C truy

n th

ng. M

ng l t

p h

p cc gi tr

cng ki
u,
c s

px

p n

i ti

p nhau. Cc ph


n t

a m

ng c th

c truy c

p ng

u nhin qua ch

.V
n

t ra: N

u vector l m

ng th t

i sao l

i ph

i s

ng vector khi b
n
qu quen thu

c v

i m

ng? Xin phntch m

t s

nhc i
m sau c

a m

ng:- N

u b

n s

ng m

ng t
nh: Mng ny lun
c khai bo v
i kch th
c t
i a m b
n c th

dng d

n t

nnhi

u vng nh

th

a.- N

u b

n s

ng m
ng
ng: B

n ph

i xin c

p pht b

nh

, lm vi

c v

i con tr

. Con tr

lkhi ni
m hay trong C, C++, nhng n l nguy
n nhn c

a r

t nhi


u r

c r

i trong l

p trnh.- Khng thu

n tin trong vic truyn tham s kiu mng v
o hm hay tr
li kiu mng t h
m.Nhc i
m quan tr

ng nh

t: N

u b

n s

ng m
ng v
t ch

vt qu kch thc
khai bo, C++ s

khngthng bo l
i, i
u ny d
n
n l

i dy chuy

n do cc l

nh l
i
tc
ng
n cc bi

n khc trong ch
ng tr
nh(trong Pascal b

n c th

ki

m tra trn ch

ng b

ng d

n bin d

ch range check).Vector l m

t container cung c

p kh

nng s
d

ng m

ng m

m d

o, c ki

m sot range check khi c

n thi

t, v

i kch
th
c ty (m khng c

n ph

i s

ng con tr

). Ngoi ra vector cho php b

n chn thm ho
c xa i m
t s

ph

nt

ch


ng 1 l

nh (khng ph

i s

ng vng l
p nh
i v

i m

ng).
III.C php :
c th d
ng vector th b
n phi th
m 1 header#include <vector>v ph
i c
using std::vector;v vector
c nh
ngh
a trong STL( Standard Template Library).
C php c
a vector cng rt n gin v d :
vector<int>A; Cu l
nh trn nh ngha 1 vector c kiu int. Ch kiu ca vector c
trong 2 ci ngoc nhn. V
kck th
c
c
a vector c th n
ng ln, cho nn khng c
n khai bo cho n c bao nhi
u ph
n t cng c, hoc nu thch khai
bo th b
n cng c th khai bo nh sau :
vector<int>A(10); Cu l
nh tr
n khai bo A l 1 vector ki
u int c 10 phn t. Tuy nhin nh
ni
tr
n, m
c d size = 10, nhng khi
b
n add v
o th n v
n cho php nh thng.
C
ng c th khi to cho cc phn t trong vector bng c php n gin
nh sau :
vector<int>A(10,2);
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c phin bn y
<#>
STL Vector | 2
Trong cu l
n tr
n th 10 ph
n t ca vector A s c khi to bng 2.
ng thi ta cng c th khi to cho 1 vector
s
l
b
n sao
c
a 1
ho
c 1 phn
vector khc, v d
:
vector<int>A(10,2); vector<int>B(A); vector<int>C(A.begin(),A.begin() +5);

hi

u r h
n v
vector, b

n hy theo di v d

sau:#include<iostream>/
/ Th vi
n iostream ph

c v

ghi d

li

u ra mn h.nh#include<vector>
// Th vi
n vector, s

ng ki

u vector#include<conio.h>
// Th vi
n conio (s

d
ng hm getchar()
d

ng ct)
using namespace
std;// S

ng namespace std
int
main(){vector<
int
> V(3);// V ki

u vector s

nguyn (s

ng gi

ng m

ng int[3])V[0] = 5;// Gn gi tr

cho cc ph

n t

a bi

n VV[1] = 6;// S

ng d

u mc [] hon ton gi

ng v

i m

ngV[2] = 7;
for
(
int
i=0; i<V.size(); i++)// Ghi gi tr

cc ph

n t

a V ra mn h.nhcout << V[i] << endl;// N

u s

ng m

ng, b

n ph

i c bi
n lu kch th
cgetchar();// D
ng chng tr
nh

xem k

t qu

}V d

trn cho b

n th

y vi

c s

ng vector r
t n gi
n, hon ton gi

ng v

i m
ng nhng b
nh

c qu

n l t

ng, b

n khng ph
i quan tm
n gi

i phng cc vng b

nh

xin c

p pht.
Tr

ng h
p xc nh kch th
c m
ng khi chng tr
nh
ang ch
y, chng ta dng hm d

ng m
c
nh
(default constructor)

khai bo m
ng cha xc nh kch thc, sau dng phng th
c
resize()

xc nh kch th
cc

a m

ng khi c
n. Chng tr
nh sau
y nh
p vo n t

(word) m

i t

l m

t chu

i ki

u string:#include <iostream>#include <string>#include

<vector>using namespacestd; intmain() { intiWordNum;
vector<string>arrWords; cout << "Enter number of words = ";
cin >>iWordNum; arrWords.resize(iWordNum);
for (inti= 0;i<arrWords.size();i++) { cout << "Enter word " <<i<< " =
"; cin >>arrWords[i]; } cout << "After entering data..." <<endl;
for (inti= 0;i<arrWords.size();i++) cout <<arrWords[i] <<endl; }
Output
Enter number of words = 3Enter word 1 = helloEnter word 1 = c++s
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Ti v
STL Vector | 3
Enter word 1 = worldAfter entering data...helloc++sworldPress any key

to continue . . .
IV.Cc
phng thc:
Cc phng thc ca stack:
push_back() v pop_back()
#include<iostream>#include<vector>
using namespace
std;
int
main(){
int
i;vector<
int
> V;
for
(i=0; i<5; i++)// L

p 5 l

n, m

i l
n a thm 1 s
vo vectorV.push_back(i);// N
h v
y, vector c th

c s

d
ng nh stack
cout << endl <<"Mang ban dau:"<< endl;
for
(i=0; i<V.size(); i++)// Ghi l

i n

i dung c

a m

ng ra mn h.nhcout << V[i] << endl;V.pop_back( );// Xa ph

n t

v
a chn vo i
cout << endl <<"Xoa phan tu cuoi:"<< endl;
for
(i=0; i<V.size(); i++)// In n

i dung c

a vector sau khi xacout << V[i] << endl;return 0; }V

i v d

trn, b

n c th

th

y ta c th

d
ng vector nh 1 stack
:- Khng nn dng ton t
[] truy xut cc phn t m
n khng t
n ti,
ngh
a l
v d
vector size = 10, m
b
n truy
xu
t 11 l sai. th
m vo 1 gi tr
cho vector m n khng c size trc hoc
full th ta dng hm thnh vinpush_back(), hm ny s
th
m 1 ph
n t v
o cu
i vector.
Tng t
v

i thao tc xa m

t ph

n t

cu

i ra kh

i vector, b

n c
ng ch
c

n s

ng 1 l

nh: pop_back( )
L

p tr.nh C++ Nguy

n Ph Qu
Xa t

i v

tr b

t k

, xa tr

ng

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Ti v
STL Vector | 4
#include <iostream> #include <vector> using namespacestd;
template <classT> voidprint(constvector<T>&v)
{ for (inti=0;i<v.size();i++) cout <<v[i] <<endl; } intmain()
{ char *chao[] = {"Xin","chao","tat","ca","cac","ban"};
intn= sizeof(chao)/ sizeof(*chao); vector<char*>v(chao, chao+n); //
y l 1 cch khi to vector
cout << "vector truoc khi xoa" <<endl; print(v); v.erase(v.begin()+2,
v.begin()+5); //xa t

ph
n t
th

2
n
ph
n
t
th 5
v.erase(v.begin()+1 ); //xa ph
n t th 1
cout << "vector sau khi xoa" <<endl; print(v); v.clear();//Xa ton b

cc ph

n t

cout << "Vector sau khi clear co " <<v.size() << " phan tu" <<endl;
return 0; }
Output:
vector truoc khi xoaXinchaotatcacacbanvector sau khi xoaxinbanVector sau
khi clear co 0 phan tu

P
hng thc
chn
iteratorinsert( iteratorposition,
const
T&x);
void
insert( iteratorposition,size_typen,
const
T&x);
void
insert( iteratorposition,InputIteratorfirst,InputIteratorlast);
V d
:
// inserting into a vector
#include <iostream> #include <vector> using namespace std; intmain
(){vector<int>v1(4,100); v1.insert( v1.begin()+3,200);
//
chn 200 vo trc v tr th 3
v1.insert( v1.begin()+2,2,300);
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