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Fracture and Fatigue

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Ductile Fracture

Fig 7.2

Fracture

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Ductile and Brittle Fractures

Brittle Fracture of Ceramics

Surface of a 6-mm
diameter fused silica rod.
Characteristic fracture
behavior in ceramics
Origin point
Initial region (mirror) is flat
and smooth
After reaches critical
velocity crack branches
mist
hackle

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Fracture of Polymers

Modes of Fracture

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Toughness and Impact Testing

Fracture Toughness

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Impact testing (Cont)

Figure 7.11

Figure 7.10

Effect of carbon

Fatigue

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Fatigues Testing

Figure 7.17

Figure 7.16

Figure 7.18
(After H.W. Hayden, W.G. Moffatt, and J.Wulff, The structure and Properties of Materials, vol. III, Wiley, 1965, p.15.)

Endurance Limit modifications

D < 8mm

T < 450 C

1.0

8 < D < 250 mm

1.189 D-0.097

450 < T < 550 C

1-5.8-3 (T 450C)

Reversed Bending

1.0

Reversed Axial

0.71

Reversed Torsional

0.6

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Fatigue Crack Propagation Rate

(After Metals Handbook, Vol 8, 9th ed., American Society of Metals, 1985, p.388.)

Fatigue Crack Growth rate Versus K

da
Log ( AK m )
Log
dN
m. Log ( K ) Log ( A)

(After P.C. Paris et al. Stress analysis and growth of cracks, STP 513 ASTM, Philadelphia, 1972, PP. 141-176

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Fatigue Life based on Paris Equation

Simple Math

Creep in Metals

Figure 7.25

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Creep Test
High temperature
or stress

Medium temperature
or stress

Low temperature
or stress

Copper Alloy

Figure 7.28

Figure 7.27

Larsen Miller Parameter

10

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How long will a steel connector rod last if used in service at 430 C and 180 Mpa? A test
at 520 C at 180 MPa failed after 300 hours.

L.M. Diagram of several alloys

LM for 0.2% strain

Figure 6.37

Fig. 7.32
After N.R. Osborne et. al., SAMPE Quart, (4)22;26(1992)

11

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Viscous Creep

Creep in crystalline materials

12

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13