Natri hiroxit

Natri hiroxit hay hyroxit natri (cng thc ha hc

NaOH)[1] hay thng c gi l xt hoc xt n da.
Natri hydroxit to thnh dung dch kim mnh khi ha
tan trong dung mi nh nc. N c s dng nhiu
trong cc ngnh cng nghip nh giy, dt nhum, x
phng v cht ty ra. Sn lng trn th gii nm 1998
vo khong 45 triu tn. Natri hydroxit cng c s Phn ng thy phn este
dng ch yu trong cc phng th nghim.
Natri hydroxit tinh khit l cht rn c mu trng
dng vin, vy hoc ht hoc dng dung dch bo ha
50%. Natri hydroxit rt d hp th CO2 trong khng
kh v vy n thng c bo qun trong bnh c
np kn. N phn ng mnh lit vi nc v gii phng
mt lng nhit ln, ha tan trong etanol v metanol.
N cng ha tan trong ete v cc dung mi khng phn
cc, v li mu vng trn giy v si.

3 Phng php sn xut

Ton b dy chuyn sn xut xt n da (NaOH) l
da trn phn ng in phn nc mui (nc ci).
Trong qu trnh ny dung dch mui (NaCl) c in
phn thnh clo nguyn t (trong bung ant), dung
dch natri hyroxit, v hir nguyn t (trong bung
catt)[2][3] Nh my c thit b sn xut ng thi
xt v clo thng c gi l nh my xt-clo. Phn
ng tng th sn xut xt v clo bng in phn l:

Tnh cht vt l

2Na+ + 2H2 O + 2 e- H2 + NaOH

Entanpi ha tan Ho 44,5kJ/mol

trong dung dch n to thnh dng monohydrat Phn ng in phn dung dch mui n trong bnh in
12,3-61,8 vi nhit nng chy 65,1 v t phn c mng ngn:
trng trong dung dch l 1,829 g/cm3
2NaCl + 2H2 O 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2

Tnh cht ha hc

3.1 Cc kiu bung in phn

Phn ng vi cc axt v xt axt to thnh mui

im phn bit gia cc cng ngh ny l phng
v nc
php ngn cn khng cho natri hyroxit v kh clo ln
ln vi nhau, nhm to ra cc sn phm tinh khit.
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2 O
2NaOH + SO2 Na2 SO3 + H2 O

Bung in phn kiu thu ngn

Phn ng vi cacbon ixt

Trong bung in phn kiu thu ngn th khng s

dng mng hoc mn chn m s dng thu ngn
nh mt phng tin chia tch. Xem thm Cng ngh
Castner-Kellner.

2NaOH + CO2 Na2 CO3 + H2 O

NaOH + CO2 NaHCO3

Bung in phn kiu mng chn

Phn ng vi cc axt hu c to thnh mui ca

n v thy phn este:

Trong bung in phn kiu mng chn, nc mui t

khoang ant chy qua mng chia tch n khoang
catt; vt liu lm mng chia tch l amian ph trn
catt c nhiu l [4] ..

Phn ng vi mui to thnh baz mi v mui

mi:

Khng nht thit mng chn phi l amian, nu iu

ch quy m phng th nghim c th thay th n bng

2NaOH + CuCl2 2NaCl + Cu(OH)2

1

ming giy A4 h trn hi sp paraphin(hoc khng h

sp cng c th c nhng hiu qu km hn). Nu
thc hin ng cch ming giy s ch cho nc v mt
s ion i qua, cc phn t bt kh s b gi li, nh
clo khng khuch tn sang v khng tc dng c vi
natri hidroxit. Tuy nhin phi m bo can bng nng
cht tan hai bn mng, nu khng th khng phi
clo s khuch tn m chnh natri hidroxit s khuch
tn qua mng v tc dng vi clo. C th ngn cn s
khuch tn ca natri hidoxit bng cch cung cp tht
nhiu natri clorua vo b in phn na c in cc
gii phng kh clo, natri clorua va cn bng nng
ion v va to ra mt lng ln anion Cl c tc dng
cn tr s ha tan mang tnh vt l ca clo vo nc.
Cn cch khc to mt mng ngn, chng ta c th
dng loi giy tp ch dy(loi ny l giy ph cao lanh
hay cn gi l dioxit silic). Loi ny c tnh cht u
vit nht nhng cn phi ngm nc mt thi gian cho
nc thm vo th cc ion mi i qua c.
Bung in phn kiu mng ngn[3][5]
Cn trong bung in phn kiu mng ngn th mng
chia tch l mt mng trao i ion [6][7][8] .

Lin kt ngoi
Certied Lye - History, manufacture, rst aid,
storage, and safety of sodium hydroxide.
International Chemical Safety Card 0360
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
European Chemicals Bureau
Chlorine Online - Facts about chlorine; sodium
hydroxide is an important co-product of chlorine.
e Chlorine Institute, Inc. website
Sodium
hydroxide
products
MaterialScience in North America

of

Bayer

Titration of acids with sodium hydroxide

freeware for data analysis, simulation of curves
and pH calculation
Brine electrolysis

Tham kho

[1] IUPAC RED Book, denition of hydrate salt, trang 80

81
[2] Chlorine Online Diagram of mercury cell process.
Euro Chlor. Truy cp ngy 15 thng 9 nm 2006.

C THM

[3] Euro Chlor - How is chlorine made?. Euro Chlor. Truy

cp ngy 15 thng 9 nm 2006.
[4] Chlorine Online Diagram of diaphragm cell process.
Euro Chlor. Truy cp ngy 15 thng 9 nm 2006.
[5] Chlorine Online Diagram of membrane cell process.
Euro Chlor. Truy cp ngy 15 thng 9 nm 2006.
[6] See Kirk-Othmer in general references
[7] Hominy without Lye. National Center for Home Food
Preservation.
[8] Belle Gunness

6 c thm
1. N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw, Chemistry of
the Elements, n bn ln th 2, BuerworthHeinemann, Oxford, UK, 1997.
2. Heaton A. (1996) An Introduction to Industrial
Chemistry, n bn ln th 3, New York: Blackie.
ISBN 0-7514-0272-9.
3. Kirk-Othmer
Encyclopedia
of
Chemical
Technology, n bn ln th 5 (trc tuyn,
cn c ti khon ngi s dng), John Wiley &
Sons. Truy cp ngy 21 thng 11 nm 2005.
4. Euro Chlor - How is chlorine made? Chlorine
Online

Ngun, ngi ng gp, v giy php cho vn bn v hnh nh

7.1

Vn bn

Natri hiroxit Ngun: https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natri_hi%C4%91roxit?oldid=22264241 Ngi ng gp: Chobot, Qbot, PixelBot,

Spine, Luckas-bot, Xqbot, PNG, Hi Phng Hong, KamikazeBot, Hungda, Tnt1984, TuHan-Bot, EmausBot, RedBot, JackieBot,
WikitanvirBot, Cheers!-bot, MerlIwBot, Morning Sunshine, AlphamaBot, AlphamaBot2, Addbot, TuanminhBot, Aquafotit, n bc
AWB, 86namnguyen v 8 ngi v danh

7.2

Hnh nh

Tp_tin:Commons-logo.svg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg Giy php: Public

domain Ngi ng gp: is version created by Pumbaa, using a proper partial circle and SVG geometry features. (Former versions
used to be slightly warped.) Ngh s u tin: SVG version was created by User:Grunt and cleaned up by 3247, based on the earlier
PNG version, created by Reidab.
Tp_tin:Ester_hydrolysis.png Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Ester_hydrolysis.png Giy php: Public
domain Ngi ng gp: ? Ngh s u tin: ?
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Tp_tin:Sodium-hydroxide-crystal-3D-vdW.png
Ngun:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/
Sodium-hydroxide-crystal-3D-vdW.png Giy php: Public domain Ngi ng gp: ? Ngh s u tin: ?
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Public domain Ngi ng gp: Tc phm do chnh ngi ti ln to ra Ngh s u tin: Walkerma

7.3

Giy php ni dung

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