Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Solar Fire (circular chart above) can only select the KP Original ayanamsa from its list of zodiacs
while Astracadabra can select the KP New ayanamsa from its list of zodiacs. Selecting either of these
two KP ayanamsas results in a slightly different longitude positions of planets and cusps. Additionally,
Astracadabra v1.7 can be set to use the Khullar ayanamsa, as in the screen shot attached below, but
the user must select the SVP -22:27:00 option from the zodiac list (see above) to use it.
As a matter of interest, the Khullar ayanamsa uses the Newcomb fixed precession rate of 50.2388475
seconds per year. like Mr. K.S .Krishnamurti and the starting date of 15 April 291 A.D. when the
Tropical and Sidereal zodiacs coincided, also like Mr. K.S. Krishnamurti. However, Mr. Khullar uses the
straight-line method to determine the ayanamsa for a particular date and does not use precession
corrected values in the formula, as used in both KP Original and KP New (2003). The Khullar
ayanamsa results in a value that is closer to Lahiri than to the KP Original ayanamsa. Additionally, Mr.
Khullar uses longitude values where nutation has been subtracted. This is now an option in
Astracadabra v1.7 but not in many other astrology programs.
http://www.jupitersweb.com/arbc_26.htm
http://www.jupitersweb.com/arbc_65.htm (at end)
http://www.khullarastrologyinstitute.com/eg9_5.php
K.P. (New) Ayanamsa 22:53:43
for 11/12/1931
http://www.scribd.com/doc/6748971/Blair-Tony
esotech.net/.../astracadabra/astracadabrareleasenotes180.doc
The Saka era should be used in the unified national calendar. (The year 2002 corresponds to
the Saka era of 1923-24.)
2.
The year should start from the day following the vernal equinox (occurs about March 21) day.
3.
A normal year would consist of 365 days while a leap year would have 366 days. After adding
seventy-eight to the Saka era, if the sum is
divisible by four, then it is a leap year. But when the same becomes a multiple of 100 it would
be a leap year when it is divisible by 400, otherwise it would be a common year.
4.
Chaitra should be the first month of the year. From Chaitra to Bhadra each month would have
thirty-one days and the rest to have thirty days.
http://jyotishvidya.com/ayanamsa.htm
http://members.toast.net/overbeck/AyanStat.pdf
The table includes the source of the ayanamsa, the reference (SE = Swiss Ephemeris, PC = Personal
Communications), the Year of Coincidence and the values for the ayanamsas and the moon calculated for
6:46:04 PM on 27 October 2006 at 32N 150, 97W 460, TZ +5.
SOURCE REF. AYANAMSA Y.O.C. MOON
We may even try to use Mr. Chandar Kant Bhatts Ayanamsa, Ayanamsa> adopted for the A.D
year 1901 is 22.23. Then go on adding 50 secs every year and you will get the Ayanamsa for any
required year.
Ayanamsas: A Facts Sheet
Table 1: Zero Ayanamsa Year and Precession Rate of the Ayanamsas
Ayanamsa
Zero
Annual
Adjustment Rate
Remark
Ayana.
Precession
of Precession
Year*1
Rate
Rate per year
KPOA
291 AD 50.2388475 *2 Not applied
KP Reader I page 55-58
KPNA
291 *3
50.2388475sec 0.000111 sec
Formula w/o base offset
KPSTLA 291 AD 50.2388475
Not applied
Formula with base offset
LAHIRI
285 AD 50.2564 *4
0.000222 sec *5 Formula with base offset
RAMAN 397 AD 50 1/3 sec
Not applied
Formula w/o base offset
KPOA= KP Old Ayanamsa, KPNA= KP New Ayanamsa, KPSTLA= KP Straight Line Ayanamsa
*1 Assumed year of coincidence of both Sayana and Nirayana zodiacs
*2 Newcomb rate of sec per year
*3 @ 23 March, 291 A.D.
*4 so-called modern astronomical value for the year 1900
*5 Usually 0.000111 is used for 50.2388475 and 0.000222 is applied for 50.2564.
NKPA = B + [T P + (T*T * A)]/ 3600
where,
B = base offset = 22+1350/3600 = 22:22:30 @ 15 Apr 1900)
T = decimal years in the form Year - 1900
P = precession rate value per year = 50.2388475 sec
A = annual precession rate adjustment= 0.000111 sec
(as given by Prof. K. Balachandran in KP & Astrology Year Book 2003)
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/k_p_system/message/1530?threaded=1
KPSTLA = T*P/3600
5
where
T = Year of Birth minus 291 A.D.
P = 50.2388475sec per year
Note: T = fractional/decimal year taking days between given date and 15th April
The KP Stright Line Ayanamsa such calculated up to the required date is called KP Stright Line
(Adjusted) Ayanamsa in the KPAstro 3.5. (as per MC Khare in the A&A Oct 1978 issue pp 6-8,
and as explained by Rangarajan Krishnamoorthy, developer of KPAstro 3.5)
LAHIRI = B + [T P + (T*T * A)]/ 3600
where
B = 80890.1535 sec = 22:28:10.1535 @1 Apr 15, 1900
T = Year of Birth minus 1900
P = precession rate 50.2564 (Modern Astronomical value for the year 1900)
A = precession rate adjustment 0.000222 sec per year
(as in the UTOH referred by K. Hariharan in Notable Persons & KP, page 138)
RAMAN = T*P/3600
where
T = Year of birth minus 397 A.D.
P = 50 1/3 sec per year
(as per Appendix A of Dr. BV Ramans Hindu Predictive Astrology, first published on February
1st 1938)
http://www.astrologie.cz/zacek/ayanamsa/ayanamsa.htm
KPSTLA
minus
Raman
8
1-27-34
1-26-32
1-26-14
1-26-09
6
1950
2000
2010
3000
0-0-08
0-0-01
0-0-23
0-0-33
0-4-48
0-4-43
0-4-58
0-2-30
0-5-20
0-5-10
0-5-41
0-5-53
0-5-28
0-5-11
0-6-04
0-6-26
0-0-36
0-0-27
0-1-43
0-3-23
1-21-20
1-21-17
1-21-15
1-21-55
1-26-04
1-26-00
1-26-13
1-24-25
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/k_p_system/message/30575
A REVIEW OF KP AYANAMSAS.doc (in File section)
A REVIEW OF KP AYANAMSAS
REVISIT OF KPA.doc (in File section)
Revisit of KP Ayanamsa
APPENDIX
THE AYANAMSA SAID AND USED BY MR. KHULLAR
1.1. In the book of Mr. Khullar: YOUR TRUE ASTROLOGY (Birth Time Rectification), page
xi, it is said that New Combs Ayanamsa calculated linearly at the rate of 50.2388475 per
year is used and this will be very close to the value of K.P. (Old) Ayanamsa.
Note: New Combs Ayanamsa is not found no where even though so many many available
ayanamsas such as Albebaran 15TAU, JN Bhasin, Chandrahari, Tarun Chopra, Deluce, Devadatta, Drik, Babyl ETPSE, Fagan-Bradley (Fagan ), Galactic, Hippachos, Babyl Huber,
Krishnamurti/KP (Old, New, Straight Line), Krushma, Babyl Kugler 1-3, Djwhal/ Djwhal
Khoo/Khool/Khul, Lahiri (Chitrapaksha), Larry Ely, zeta Pisces, Raman, Rosierucian, Sassanian,
Usha-Shash, Takra I, Takra II, Yukteswar, Mod. Yukteshwar.
1.2. In the book of Mr. Khullar: TRUE ASTROLOGY, Basics & Traditional Concepts, page 9,
11, the annual precession rate of Mr. Simon Newcomb is mentioned by New Comb --50.2388475 and Newcombs zero ayanamsa year by New Comb --- 291 A.D.
Note: It is the same including mismentioning the name of Simon Newcomb as New Comb as
mentioned in Astrosecrets and KP Part II, page 289,
Sri KSK adopted his ayanamsa from the New Comb who found the coincidence of both Sayana
and fixed zodiac was the year 291 AD and the retrograde motion is at the rate of 50.2388475
second per year, according to Mr. New Comb.
It is someones mistake to mention 291 AD like this because this figure is Gurujis KSKs own
opinion as mentioned in KP Reader I, page 56 Krishnamurti 291 A.D.
1.3. Mr. Khullar says in the MSN MSN Astrology Research Group,
Prior to 2003, some Astrology softwares had the option K.P (New or Refined) Ayanamsa. The
value of this Ayanamsa is generally calculated by the following formula:
7
AyanKP = (50.2388475/3600)*((YR-292)+(261/365)+(((MN-1)*30+DY)/365))
YR stands for year
MN stands for Month
DY stands for Day
I use the Ayanamsa as calculated by this formula. In 2003, some Astrology softwares has
provided the option K.P (New) Ayanamsa where the value of Ayanamsa is calculated by some
other formula. This value of Ayanamsa differs from the value of Ayanamsa as calculated above.
These software developers should have taken note of the fact that the term K.P (New) Ayanamsa
was in existence. It is said, "Ignorance of Law is no excuse"
1.4. Mr. Mukesh Gupta says in the KP Group,
Mr. Khullar, myself and Dr. Srikant Ojha have studied various books and articles written by
highly knowledgeable astronomers and have come to the conclusion that Newcomb's Ayanamsa
calculated linearly using the rate of precession 50.2388475 secs per year and applying Nutation
gives best results.
It is the choice of Mr. Khullar to use average rate of precession linearly based on his research
on the charts for his theory of Cuspal Interlinks as calculated by 50.2388475*(year-291) with
calculation up to the day of birth. I may like to point out that Ayanamsa values given in the Table
of Houses are very close to this formula.
1.5. It seems that the Ayanamsa adopted in the Universal Table of Houses (UTOH) is
misunderstood as the Old KP Ayanamsa and consequently said the New Combs Ayanamsa is
very close to the Old KP Ayanamsa. In fact, the Ayanamsa in the UTOH is LAHIRIs as
mentioned by Shri Raichur, co-author of UTOH, in the KP Group and K Harharan in his
Notable Persons & KP, p 138.
2.1. In the Rajneeshs chart posted in the Mr. Khullars website as well as file section of the KP
Group and 51 example charts in the book of Mr. Khullar: YOUR TRUE ASTROLOGY (Birth
Time Rectification), the ayanamsa value is mentioned as K.P. (New) Ayanamsa.
2.2. Mr. Mukesh Gupta says in the KP Group,
The name KP(new) or KP refined is used by softwere developers whose SW Mr. Khullar is
using. For this Ayanamsa only I meant to say "I may say that it would have been better if the
developers of the software had called it as practical Newcomb Ayanamsa and dropped the suffix
K.P."
3.1. In comparing the so-mentioned K.P. (New) Ayanamsa value (KHULLAR) the Rajneeshs
chart with the KP straight line (Adjusted) Ayanamsa (KPSTLA) value calculated by KPAstro 2.5,
it is found the same, only 2 sec less, and very close to Lahiris not to the Old or New KPA as
shown below.
DOB
LAHIRI
8
22-54-24
KHULLAR KPSLA
23-54-42
23-54-43
23-33-34
23-33-34
23-10-03
23-10-04
3.4. It is also found that only 2 second less than the KP straight line (Adjusted) Ayanamsa value
in 25 example charts of pages 44, 50, 54, 61, 65, 68, 71, 73, 76, 79, 94, 115, 118, 122, 125, 133*,
173, 180, 187, 194*, 202, 210, 214, 216, 225 of YOUR TRUE ASTROLOGY (Birth Time
Rectification). (* after adjusting printing error) for instance,
Page
DOB
44 Mar 21, 1979
187 Feb 26, 1945
225 Jan 29, 2005
KHULLAR
23-33-18
23-04-47
23-54-57
KPSTLA
23-33-20
23-04-47
23-54-57
3.5. It is not comparable due to the error in ayanamsa value in the example chart of page 41 of
YOUR TRUE ASTROLOGY (Birth Time Rectification).
Page
DOB
KHULLAR KPSLA
41 Jan 30, 2002 23-54-56
23-52-28
3.6. By cross checking the Moon position of the example charts in page 58, 60, 122, 166, 172, 176,
195A, 195B, p 252, 265, 271 and 280 in the book of Mr. Khullar: TRUE ASTROLOGY, Kalamsa &
Cuspal Interlinks Theory by using of both Lahiri Ayanamsa and KP Straight Line (Adjusted) Ayanamsa
of KPAstro 2.5 as the Swiss emphemeris is not used in this book like in the calculation of Rajneeshs
chart, the (not mentioned) ayanamsa used in this book is found around 40 sec less than Lahiri, ie.
Supposed to be the KP Straight Line (Adjusted) Ayanamsa.
6. Finding
6.1. The ayanamsa said and used by Mr. Khullar is found to be the KP Straight Line (Adjusted)
Ayanamsa with downward skewness of 1-2 sec with compared to KPAstro 2,5 values possibly
due a very slight difference in the setting of SWs .
9
6.2. This IS NOT close to the Old KP Ayanamsa but HIGHER than the Old or New KP
Ayanamsa around 5 min and IS CLOSE to LAHIRI Ayanamsa, around 40 sec less.
7.1. Comparison of Ayanamsa Values (As of 1st January)
Year OKPA NKPA KPSTLA LAHIRI
1000 09-50* 09-50-25 09-53-25 09-51-29
1850
1900
1950
2000
21-40
22-22
23-04
23-46
21-40-24
22-22 16
23-04-08
23-46-01
21-45-08
22-27-00
23-08-52
23-50-44
21-45-37
22-27-56
23-09-28
23-51-11
10
KP Original............: -23:50:47
KP New................: -23:51:02 (@2003)
KP Linear..............: -23:55:45 (ayanamsa according to Mr. S.P. Khullar)
Lahiri.....................: -23:56:27
As we can see from this example, Mr. Khullar's linear ayanamsa is closer to Lahiri than to either of the
other KP ayanamsas. Since Mr. Khullar works at the Sub Sub lord level for cuspal interlinks, I leave it to
other researchers to investigate these values further.
UNQUOTE
7.2. It can be seen clearly how the KP Stright line goes out of line for years far away from 1900.
http://www.kpastrology.in/testimonials.php
Ayanamsa
1900
1950
2000
2050
Historical Date
Lahiri
22:28:02
23:09:34
23:51:17
24:33:41
290 AD
Raman
21:00:28
21:42:00
22:23:43
23:06:07
395 AD
Fagan-Bradley
23:20:56
24:02:28
24:44:11
25:26:35
221 AD
zeta Pisces
18:45:00
19:26:32
20:08:15
20:50:39
560 AD
http://www.mountainman.com.au/essenes/Constantine%20and%20the%20Zero%20Ayanamsa
%20estimates.htm
SOURCE
MOON
Fagan/Bradley
SE
Lahiri
SE
De Luce
SE
-27 d 54 m 19 s 1 BC
Raman
SE
Sassanian
SE
Ushashashi
SE
Hipparchos
SE
Djwhal Khool
SE
-28 d 27 m 19 s 41 BC
Yukteshwar
SE
JN Bhasin
SE
Babylonian, Huber
SE
Babylonian, Kugler 1
SE
Babylonian, Kugler 2
SE
12d Sag 56 m
12d Sag 23 m
11
Babylonian, Kugler 3
SE
Babylonian, Mercier
SE
Galactic Center
SE
-26 d 56 m 55 s 69 AD
Krishnamurti
SE
Aldebaran at 15 Taurus SE
Chandra-Hiri8
PC
Tarun Chopra9
PC
Dhira10
PC
Krushna11
PC
Wilhelm Ardra12
PC
13d Sag 53 m
Msg#159
Dear Tinwin
There is not any significant difference between the OLD and NEW KPAYANs. The New KPA gives a
formula for calculating the ayanamsa correct to seconds, and for sticlkers, for any date in
the
year.
The
old
KPA
was
presumed
to
be
constant
for
the
full
calender year. Good luck
The New KPA formula is just adjusting the base KP value for 1900 and replacing modern astronomy rate
of precession 50.2564 by Newcomb rate 50.2388475 in the following Lahiri ayanamsa equation (for 1-41900) applied in the Universal Tables of Houses.
80890.1535s + 50.2564 n + 0.000111 n*n
n= year for calculation minus 1900
80890.1535s = 22d28m10.1535s
3. The difference between Lahiri and KP varies depending how far the year is from 1900 due to the
difference in precession rates.
Dear Members of this Group,
It is a pity that we have come to Square -1, with the problem of Ayanamsa to be adopted. Now that we
have decided to check the correctness of the Ayanamsa value given by our Great Guruji, as a direct
disciple of our GREAT GURUJI JYOTISH MARTHAND, JYOTISH MANNAN, PROF: LATE SHRI
K.S.KRISHNAMURTHIJI, first let me request all the members in this Group whether they fully agree with
OUR GREAT GURJI regarding the year of coincidence of the two Zodiacs i.e., Sayana and Nirayana,
which he has taken as 291 A.D.
In the A.D. era we have 6 years for this coincidence given by various Astrologers/Astronomers. They are
listed below:
1. P.COUNCEL
2. C.FAGAN
3. LAHIRI
4. K.S.KRISHNAMURTHI
5. P.S.RAY
6. SEPHARIAL
0 A.D.
213
285
291
319
498
In view of the above differences in the year of coincidence, my suggestion is to take birth particulars of a
Native and prepare a Natal Chart, by adopting all the 6 years mentioned above and verify proven events
12
in the life of the Native, like Marriage, Birth of Children, Accidents, Characteristics of the person, his
educational qualification and job profile etc., and see which chart fully proves all these events.
I have studied Prof: K.Balachandrans Article published in the Annual issue of KP & Astrology 2003 on
the subject of Ayanamsa which is a re-iteration of what Mr.M.G.G. Nair, with whom I had occasion to
discuss various matters on K.P. when he was at Madras (now Chennai), had to say on this subject.
Even after this the question arises whether the Ayanamsa so arrived at is MEAN or TRUE. The reason
for my raising this question of Mean and True Ayanamsa is because of what Sri Lahiri has stated in his
condensed Ephemeris 1900-1941 Part-II, 5th Edition, 1971 page 100. I quote THE AYANAMSA
THUS OBTAINED IS THE MEAN AYANAMSA WHICH MAY BE RENDERED TRUE BY APPLYING THE
CORRECTION DEPENDING ON THE NIRAYANA LONGITUDE OF RAHU quotation ends.
I am giving below a table of comparison of various Ayanamsa Values for 1.1.1900 and value of
corrections to be taken into account by taking the Nirayana Longitude of Rahu, for the members to
examine, continue their research and come to a correct conclusion once and for all.
It may be seen that the Ayanamsa/True arrived at by Sri Lahiri i.e.,22-27-59 and that arrived at by the
authors of UNIVERTAL TABLE OF HOUSES i.e., 22-27-56 more or less is the same but for a difference of
3 which may not affect any calculation even upto Sub Sub Sub level. But the Ayanamsa Value without
correction for Rahu as arrived at by Sri Manu i.e.,22-21-50 and Lahiri True Ayanamsa i.e., 22-27-59 gives
a difference of 6-09 which will definitely affect even at the Cuspal Sub Lords position. Even if we add
the correction of 16 to Manus Ayanamsa value i.e., 22-21-50 + 00-00-16 = 22-22-06, which shows a
difference of 5-53 for Sri Lahiri and 5-50 for UTOH, the Cuspal Sub Lords position will change for many
Cusps which on the border line etc.,
I hope I have enough material for this discussion and this will ensure a more thorough probe into this
matter and a satisfactory and acceptable answer will be available. Kpk3010
New Delhi-110028,
24-12-2005.
Dear Members,
I have gone through the messages of M/s Sri Rangarajanji, Sri Raichurji and Sri Kanakji. Having learnt
this Great KP System from our GREAT GURUJI himself and heard him predict on the spot when
questions are asked by his Students, a doubt was lingering always in my mind. GURUJI prepared Charts
with the help of Raphael's Ephemeris which gives only Degrees for Cusps except for the Ascendant and
Guruji utilized such charts by using his KP Ayanamsa which had Degree and Minutes only. What or which
is the factor that enabled him to give accurate predictions exact to the time when the event will take place
etc., With all the present days sophisticated software programs and other gadgets, why we are not able to
achieve what our GREAT GURUJI achieved. I for one feel that we are all missing something which our
GREAT GURUJI has emphasized. Otherwise why we are not able to give accurate predictions, Natal or
Horary, though we are now having three KP Ayanamsas, KP original, KP Straight Line and KP New
Ayanamsa (as given by Sri M.G.G.Nair which was repeated by Sri K.Balachandran in 2003). Mr.Raichurji
has mentioned a Great Guru who is practicising traditional Astrology was able to give correct predictions
by using KP Ayanamsa. Which is the Ayanamsa he is using out of the three mentioned above. By this
statement one thing is proved that KP Ayanamsa is superior to all other Ayanamsas and we can get
results only by using the correct Ayanamsa out of the three mentioned. The one thing that I can
emphasize is that we should try and find out which Ayanamsa can give correct results always. I have
mentioned about the time factor only to advance the research in a more realistic manner since all events
takes place only at a particular time. Comments are welcome from members.
Kpk3010
Regarding KP aynamsa used by a Traditional astrologer: He was using the OLD KPA as originally given in
KP reader NO1.
I sent him the NEW KP formula, and he is now using it.
Good Luck.
13
Regarding the Straight line formula, I can only say, that if one compares it with what was originally
published (OLD KPA), one will realise that it is not correct.
The assumption that the rate of change of ayansmsa is constant, is not valid.
A correction is made,once in 100 yrs. This correction factor is given by Laheri, by Surys Siddhanta, and
by latest New KPA formula.
If it was a simple st-line formual Our GURUJI, would have said so, in his life time.
True, we are not able to predict the time, as correctly as GURUJI could. He was Great!!!
Today, we have another Saint, Guruju Karve, who can and does give out your correct birth-time, by just
looking at you. He spends 4 to 5 hrs, in Meditation, and has been given this power as a gift by GOD.
I request shree Ganapathi, to explain, with an example, as to how the Dasa Lord is fixed, How in this
Dasa the Bhukti Lord is fixed, and further how in this Bhukti, the Antatra is fixed.
Even if one can correctly fix these three, then one can arrive at a TIME Span, which in most cases would
be satisfactory.
The exact Date can be fixed by Sooksma/ SUN and MOON transits.
good luck
http://www2.bitstream.net/~bunlion/bpi/precess4.html
KP, Raman, Lahiri, Sayana, Drik ayanamsa systems zeta Pisces 560 AD
http://www.occultwizard.com/calculate.htm
http://www.saravali.de/tva_aya_basics.html
De Luce
14
Djwhal Khool
JN Bhasin
Precision of the equinoxes (Ayanamsa) corresponds to the base year 291 A.D and Newcomb's rate of
precision is used.
http://www.binaryresearchinstitute.org/calculations/precession.shtml
http://www.expreso.co.cr/centaurs/essays/sidereal.html
the Fagan/Bradley Ayanamsa
sidereal positions use September 11, A.D. 221 as fiducially
http://www.wandahl.com/Pages/Articles/Pred1.htm
http://jyotishvidya.com/ayanamsa.htm
http://www.lunarplanner.com/siderealastrology.html
Simon Newcomb
Kla offers nine ayanamsas: Lahiri, Raman, Sri Yukteswar, Bhasin, Fagan/Bradley, KrishnaMurti, Sassanian,
UshaShashi, and Sagittarius; you can define your own or even use the tropical zodiac.
AYANAMSA
Dr. Myles Standish, an expert at JPL, had this to say about precession and sidereal time measurement:
"[...] Precession defined, formulated, and calculated using the basic laws of physics, found to be consistent with
observations. Precession has now been measured accurate to the 99.999% level. [...] ... the numerical value [for a
sidereal year of 365.25636042094 mean solar days] comes from Newcomb's "Theory of the Sun", used for his (1898)
"Tables of the Motion of the Earth on its Axis and Around the Sun". [...] The difference in the two rates is 5024"93/cty;
obviously, precession, even though the value of 5025.64 has long been known as "Newcomb's precession". [...] The
modern value is 5026"47/tropical century (5029"0966 per Julian century), accurate to 1 or 2 units in the last figure
given. Newcomb's Theory is cast in the precessing, of-date frame. [...] ... it was the frame most naturally observed
(mainly, transits). [...] In order to find inertial space, one must remove the precession, a quantity that could not be
determined as accurately or as easily back then - it involved detailed analysis of star motions and the removal of
galactic rotation, star-streaming, etc. Nowadays, we have accurate VLBI measurements with respect to the (inertial)
quasars, so the determination of the earth's orientation is anchored to inertial space (the ICRF - International
Celestial Reference Frame), and precession is measured directly. Over a couple of decades, now, precession is
known to a couple of hundredths of an arcsecond per century. [...] There is no real relevance of the sidereal YEAR to
modern astronomy. [...] The quoted value, as shown above, comes from Newcomb's Theory, is referred to inertial
space; it is evident that he applied precession to the tropical year in order to derive it. Therefore, it refers to motion in
inertial space. [...] When a more modern value for precession was adopted in 1976, this ratio changed slightly.
However, the basic method is unaltered. In practice, since the rotation of the earth is not completely predictable, the
rotation of the earth gets measured on a daily basis, and the results of the measurements get applied in order to get
the most accurate earth orientation possible."
The data on the mean transit period of Sirius (an inertial frame of reference) shows that over larger time
http://www.binaryresearchinstitute.org/calculations/precession.shtml
LAHIRI AYANAMSHA
1 January 1920 2245
1 January 1930 2253
1 January 1940 2301
1 January 1950 2310
1 January 1960 2318
1 January 1970 2326
1 January 1980 2335
15
16