Algebra 1

CHAPTER 3
USING TI 83 IN
INTERMEDIATE
ALGEBRA
Chapter 3: USING TI 83 IN INTERMEDIATE ALGEBRA
E. Graphing an Inverse
Learning outcomes:
Upon completion of this section, the student should be able to use the graphing calculator
to graph an inverse function. The section will examine the following:
Use the calculator to quickly determine if the inverse of your graph is a function.
Use the calculator to determine if your algebraic inverse answer is correct.
Using the DrawInv command to draw a functions inverse.
Use the calculator to investigate the relationship between the x and y values of
functions and inverses.
The graphing calculator can be used in several ways to check your work when you are
dealing with inverse functions.
Example1:
Is the inverse of y = x2 - 4 a function? Or is the function y = x2 - 4 a one-to-one function?
Graph the original function entering its expression into Y1=.
Observe the results of the horizontal line test.
Since this parabola does not pass the horizontal line test, the inverse will not be a
function. The blue lines will not appear on the calculator.
Check an Algebraic Answer

Example2:
Use the calculator to determine if your algebraic inverse of f(x) = x+3 is correct.
Method 1: Graphing the function and its inverse.

Enter your starting function in Y1: Y1 = x + 3
Enter your algebraic inverse answer in Y2: Y2 = x 3
Enter Y1(Y2) in Y3. (Composition of functions)
Press
. If Y3 produces the graph of the identity function, y = x, your
algebraic inverse answer is correct.
Method 2: Using the DrawInv command.

The graphing calculator has a DrawInv command that will DRAW a functions inverse.
To use this feature, place the original starting function into Y1.
Press
PRGM (DRAW) #8 DrawInv. The command will appear on the home
screen waiting for a parameter.
Enter the location of the function to be investigated, Y1. To get Y1: Choose VARS
Y-VARS, #1Function. Choose Y1.
Hitting the key
you will see next screen.
Note: DrawInv Y1 (must be done before entering your algebraic answer)

Solve for the inverse algebraically on a piece of paper.
Enter your algebraic answer for the inverse into Y2 with the bubble animation (in front of
Y2), and hit
If your algebraic answer is correct, the bubble animation will follow the inverse graph
drawn by the calculator.
Investigate the Relationship Between the x

and y Values
Example3:
Use the calculator to investigate the relationship between the x and y values of the
function y = 2x - 4 and its inverse.
Enter your starting function in Y1: Y1 = 2x - 4
Enter your algebraic inverse answer in Y2: Y2 = x/2 + 2
Use the table feature of the calculator to verify the "swapping" of x and y values
between function and its inverse.
Using the DrawInv Command to Draw a

Functions Inverse
The graphing calculator has a DrawInv command that will DRAW a functions inverse.
To use this feature, place the original starting function into Y1.
Press
PRGM (DRAW) #8 DrawInv. The command will appear on the home
screen waiting for a parameter.
Enter the location of the function to be investigated, Y1. To get Y1: Choose VARS
Y-VARS, #1Function. Choose Y1.
Hitting the key
One more time
you will see next screen
and the graphs of the function and its inverse will appear.
F. Find the Slope and the Equation of a

Line
Learning outcomes:
Upon completion of this section, the student should be able to use the graphing
calculator to find the slope and the equation of a line.
This section will examine the following:
Comparing the slopes of lines using the y= editor and graphs;
Writing Equation of Line;
Graphing lines in slope-intercept form and finding intersection points; and
Use the statistics features of the graphing calculator to write the equations of straight
lines given points.
Writing Equation of Line

Example 1:
Write the equation of the line passing through the points A (2,-5) and B (4, 1).
Algebraic Solution:
Of course you can simply use your calculator to help you find the slope (using the slope
formula) and substitute your values into the point-slope form for the equation of a straight line.
Slope Formula:
y y1
m 2
x 2 x1
1 - (-5) 6
m
3
4-2
2
Point-Slope Form for Line:

y y1 m(x x1)
y 1 3(x 4)
y 1 3x 12
y 3x 11
10
Calculator Solution:
The Statistics features of the graphing calculator can be used to write the equations of
straight lines given points.
Enter the points into lists L1 and L2.
Be careful to keep the x and corresponding y coordinates lined up horizontally.
Choose
. At the top of the screen, arrow to the right to CALC. Choose #4:
LinReg (ax+b).
On the home screen you will need to tell the calculator which lists contain your points.
If you also wish to quickly graph your new line, include Y1.
(L1 and L2 are above the numbers 1 and 2 on the calculator.)
(To get Y1: Choose VARS Y-VARS, #1Function. Choose Y1) The Y1 is only needed if
you wish to also see the graph of the line.
Hitting the key

intercept.
Hitting the key
Hitting
Example 2:
11
you will see next screen. "a" is the slope, and "b" is the y-
, you will see the equation for the line.
, it will show the graph.
(adapted from http://www.timath.com/)
Lets say we know that 32 degrees Fahrenheit is equal to 0 degrees Celsius, and 212
degrees Fahrenheit is equal to 100 degrees Celsius. However, we do not know the conversion
formula from Fahrenheit to Celsius. To get the linear conversion formula we need at least two
points. We could set up our points (F,C). So, from the fact that 32 degrees Fahrenheit is equal
to 0 degrees Celsius, we get the point (32,0) and from the fact that 212 degrees Fahrenheit is
equal to 100 degrees Celsius, we get the other point (212,100).
To find the equation of the line that goes through the points (32,0) and (212,100) press
the STAT key and press 1 for EDIT
Enter the Fahrenheit values on list L1 and their associated Celsius values for list L2.
Press the STAT key again, and arrow to the right to CALC and choose 4 ( for
LinReg(ax + b));
Press
12
Hitting the key

intercept.
you will see next screen. "a" is the slope, and "b" is the y-
We should get a = .555555, b = -17.7777 and r = 1 and the slope intercept form of linear
equations y = ax + b. So the equation that goes through our points is y =.5555x - 17.7777.
13
14
G. Solve Systems of Linear Equations

in Two and Three Variables
Learning Outcomes:
Students will be able to solve systems of linear equation on graphing calculators.
Using home screen to guess and check solutions of a system; and
Solve systems of linear equations.
Example 1:
Solve the system: y = - 2x + 9 and y = 3x 4.
Enter the first equation into Y1.
Enter the second equation into Y2.
Press
15
Use INTERSECTS to find where the two graphs intersect. Press

#5 intersects. Move spider close to the intersection. Press
(CALC)
3 times.
Answer: x = 2.6 and y = 3.8
Example 2:
Solve the system: x - 2y = 14 and x + 3y = 9.
The graphing calculator will only accept entries that start with y =, so we need to solve
these equations for y =.
Enter the first equation into Y1.

Enter the second equation into Y2.
Press
The graphs appear to intersect OFF the window. Go to

of Xmax. Press
. Increase the size
Use INTERSECT to find where the two graphs intersect. Press

#5 intersects. Move spider close to the intersection. Press
Answer: x = 12 and y = -1
16
(CALC)
3 times.
17
H.Solve Absolute Value Equations and

Inequalities
Learning Outcomes:
Students will be able to graph absolute value and piecewise functions on graphing
calculators.
There are two ways to find the absolute value function on the calculator.
Finding the absolute value of a number;
Find the absolute value function by accessing the

key;
Find the absolute value function in the CATALOG (
0);
Use the calculator to solve absolute value equations;
Use the calculator to solve absolute value inequalities; and
Use the Intersect Option (
CALC #5) to find where the graphs intersect.
Finding the absolute value of a number

The absolute value function will look like abs (.
You can find the absolute value function by:
Accessing the
key; and
As a function in the CATALOG (
Method 1: Accessing the
0).
Key
You can find the absolute value function by accessing the

key. Arrow to the
right to find the NUM menu. On this screen you will find: #1 abs ( the absolute value function.
Method 2: Function in the CATALOG (
18
0)
The CATALOG is an alphabetical listing of functions.

You can also find the absolute value function in the CATALOG (
0). Since
the absolute value function starts with the letter "a", you can find the function at
the beginning of the Catalog.
Finding the absolute value of a number can be easily done without the use of a
calculator. If you want, however, to check your work, you may want to use the calculator.
Example 1:
Find: |-15|, |-2 - (-6) |, |10+3-2|
19
Absolute Value Equations

Example 1:
Solve: x = 4.
Enter left side in Y1. You can find abs( ) quickly under the CATALOG (above 0)
( or
NUM, #1 abs( )
Enter right side in Y2
CALC #5) to find where the graphs intersect. Move the
spider near the point of intersection, press
. Simply hit
You must repeat this process to find the second point of intersection.
twice more.
20
Answer: x = 4; x = -4
Example 2:
Solve: 3x 8 = 2.
Enter left side in Y1=. You can find abs( ) quickly under the CATALOG (above 0)
( or
NUM, #1 abs( )
Enter right side in Y2=.

Simply press
twice more.
21
Answer: x = 2; x = 3.3333333
The x value is stored in the calculator's memory. If you wish to change 3.333333333 to a
fraction, simply return to the home screen, hit x, hit
Now, change to fraction. (
, #1Frac )
Answer: x = 2; x = 10/3
Example 3:
Solve: 2x 1 = 0.5x + 2.
Enter left side in Y1=. You can find abs( ) quickly under the CATALOG (above 0)
( or
NUM, #1 abs( )
Enter right side in Y2=.
22
. Simply hit
Answer: x = -.4; x = 2
twice more.
23
Absolute Value Inequalities

Example 4:
Solve: 2 x > 3.
Enter left side in Y1=: Y1 = abs (2 - x) You can find abs( ) quickly under the CATALOG
(above 0) or
NUM, #1 abs( )
Enter right side in Y2=: Y2 = 3
Enter in Y3= the inequality.: Y3 = abs (2 - x) > 3 The inequality symbols are under the
TEST Menu
. You could also enter Y3 = Y1 > Y2 (using Y1 and Y2 found
under Vars Y-Vars, Function)
Press
Where the inequality is true, y-values on the graph will be a 1.
24
If you look at the table, 0's will be listed where the inequality is false and 1's will be listed where
the inequality is true.
Answer: x < -1; x > 5
Determine exact cut off points by using the

intersection option
Remember that the calculator cannot draw an open or closed circle on the intervals.
You will have to determine which circle is needed based upon whether the inequality includes
"equal to". Find the endpoints by using the intersect option (
#5 intersect).
If you turn off the axes (FORMAT ), you will be able to see the graphing
of the 0's and 1's more clearly. Notice that the small vertical segment connecting the 0's to the
1's is simply the calculator being set in "connected" mode. Change to "dot" mode to remove
this segment.
You can enter the inequality directly.
25
Since you will not have the two graphs from which to determine the intersection points,
you will need to examine the table to determine the exact value of the open/closed
endpoints.
Example 5:
Solve: 2 < |x+1| < 6.
Algebraic solution:
2 < |x+1|
and
|x+1| < 6
2 < x+1 or 2 > x+1
and
- 6 < x+1 < 6
x > 1 or x < - 3
and
-7<x<5
Solution: [(1, ) (-, -3)] (-7, 5) = (-7, -3) (1, 5)
Answer: The values that make the compound inequality true are 7 < x < -3 and 1< x <5.
Calculator solution:
Enter the inequality directly. Inequality expression is entered using "and" ( and can be
found quickly under the CATALOG (above 0) - or TEST (
and )
)LOGIC, #1
26
Since you will not have the two graphs from which to determine the intersection points,
you will need to examine the table to determine the exact value of the open/closed
endpoints.
Different table settings can be used to examine the data.
27
I. Solve Linear and Quadratic

Equations, Including the Use of the
Quadratic Formula
Learning outcomes:
Upon completion of this section, the student should be able to use the graphing
calculator to know the order of operations and doing arithmetic calculations. The section will
examine the following:
Solve linear equation using the INTERSECT Command;
Find the solutions of a quadratic equation using the ZERO Command; and
Find the solutions of a quadratic equation using the INTERSECT Command.
Solving Linear Equations

Example 1:
Solve for x: 4x + 1 = 9.
Enter the left side of the equation into Y1 and the right side of the equation into Y2.
Press
intersect)
(you may need to adjust your window to see where the two graphs
28
Press the
key then
(for CALC) and choose #5 for Intersect. Find the
point of intersection (the answer). Answer: x = 2
Example 2:
Solve for x: 2x + 4 = 5x - 2

Press
29
intersect). Press the

key then
Find the point of intersection (the answer).
(for CALC) and choose #5 for Intersect.
Answer: x = 2.
Example 3:
Solve for x: x2 + 2x = x2 - 4x + 6
Press
intersect). Press the

key then
(for CALC) and choose #5 for Intersect.
Find the point of intersection (the answer). Answer: x = 1
30
Solving Quadratic Equations Using the ZERO

Command
Find the solutions (roots) of a quadratic equation using the graphing calculator can be
done:
Using the ZERO Command; and
Using the INTERSECT Command.
Example 1:
Solve the quadratic equation y = x2 5x - 14 = 0
Since this equation is set equal to zero, the roots will be the locations where the graph crosses
the x-axis.
First use the blue key
to type in the equation. Enter the equation into Y1=

Then press the blue key
31
. Your graph may not show up, so press the blue key
and choose 3 to Zoom Out and press
(do not forget to press
). If your roots do not show up, Zoom Out again until they show on your
calculator screen.
Now that the roots (zeros) are showing, press

CALC) and choose #2 (for ZERO).
then the blue key
(for
Arrow to the left of the first root and press

. Left bound? Move the spider as
close to the root (where the graph crosses the x-axis) as possible. Hit the left arrow to
move to the "left" of the root. Hit
root.
. A "marker" will be set to the left of the
32
Arrow to the right of the first root and press

. Right bound? Move the spider
as close to the root (where the graph crosses the x-axis) as possible. Hit the right arrow
to move to the "right" of the root. Hit
the root.
Guess? Just press
again.
You get your first root to be -2.
. A "marker" will be set to the right of
33
Repeat the entire process to find the second root (which in this case happens to be x =
7).
Solving Quadratic Equations Using the

INTERSECT Command
Example 1:
Solve: 2x2 + 2x = 7x - 2
Since this equation is NOT set equal to zero, the ZERO command cannot be used to look
for roots (unless you re-write the equation so that it is set equal to zero). If you do not want to
re-write the equation, solve using the intersect command to find the points where the two
expressions intersect.
to type in the equation.

Enter the left side of the equation into Y1: and the right side of the equation into Y2 .
Press
intersect)
34
Press the
key then
(for CALC) and choose #5 for Intersect
First Curve? Move the cursor close the point of intersection that you want to find. Hit
.
Second Curve? Just hit
Guess? Just hit
Answer: one of the roots is x = 0.5 (Window [-3,3] x [-5,15] )

Repeat the entire process to find the second root.
35
36
Solving Quadratic Equations with Only One

Root
Example 1:
Solve: x2 - 4x + 4= 0
When graphed, this equation only intersects the x-axis in one location. This tells you
that this root repeats itself.
If a reading appears such as 1.9999991, the actual answer is most likely the number 2.
Check your assumption that the answer is 2 by substituting 2 into the original equation
to see if it satisfies the equation:
x2 - 4x + 4= 0
(x - 2) (x - 2) = 0
x = 2 and x = 2
37
J. Solve Quadratic in Form, Rational,

and Radical Equations
Learning Outcomes:
Students will be able to solve linear quadratic, rational, radical and absolute value
equations on graphing calculators. The graphing calculator can be easily used to solve and/or
check algebraic equations. This section will examine the following:
Using the guess-and-test method to solve equations; and

Using
editor to graphing and using the Calc menu to find intersection points
expressing answers in fractional form.
Rational (or fractional) equations can be solved by:
Determining the least common denominator (LCD) for the problem;

Multiplying both sides of the equation by the LCD (multiply ALL terms);
Solving the resulting equation; and
Checking for possible extraneous roots since the derived equation may not be
equivalent to the original equation.
The graphing calculator is a wonderful back-up checking tool to solving such equations.
It is especially helpful in determining extraneous roots. Note the examples below:
Example 1:
Solve the following equation algebraically and check.
Algebraic Solution:
38
Graphical check:
Enter the left side of the equation into Y1.
Enter the right side of the equation into Y2.
Be careful to include the parentheses for the denominators in this problem.

Press
. In dot mode, the graph looks like:
Check the two intersection points using the INTERSECT option (
#5).
Answer: x=6 and x = - 4.
Example 2:
Solve the following equation algebraically and check.
Algebraic Solution:
Division by zero is undefined. x = 1 is NOT an answer.

x = 1 is an extraneous root.
39
40
Graphical check:
Enter the left side of the equation into Y1=.
Enter the right side of the equation into Y2=.
Be careful to include the parentheses for the denominators in this problem.

Press
. In dot mode, the graph looks like:
Zoom in and find the intersection using the INTERSECT option (
#5).
Solution: you can see that there is only one answer to the equation since there is only
one point of intersection. x=2.
You can move the spider near x = 1 and zoom in to look for an intersection. There is
NO intersection at x = 1.
41
Note: When working with rational equations, it may be difficult to "see" the intersection point if
the viewing window is a small representation of the graph. You may want to enlarge the
viewing window by adjusting the
settings or by using ZOOM (#2 Zoom In).
Note: When using Zoom In, hitting
the first time only registers the function. You
must hit
a second time to activate the Zoom In option. You can quickly return to the
10 x 10 viewing window by pressing ZOOM (#6 ZStandard).
Note: You will also want to use DOT mode in problems with undefined domain elements to
prevent the " asymptote" lines from appearing on the graph.
42
K. Factoring Trinomials
Learning Outcomes:
Students will be able to factor trinomials. This section will examine the following:
Checking linear factors using relational operators and the home screen;
Storing values into alphanumeric variables;
Entering and comparing functions with relational operators and graphs; and
Using the Calc menu and the ZERO feature to solve trinomials for x=0 to compare
factors.
The graphing calculator can be a tremendous help when attempting to multiply or factor
algebraic expressions. There are several approaches you may use depending upon the
known information.
Answers can be checked to see if the correct factors have been found:
Example 1:
Factor: x2 - 12x + 36.
First Method:
or
Find (x - 6)2.
Check factors on the home screen in equation form.
Choose your favorite positive one-digit (for ease) integer value and store the value in x
(do not pick 0 or 1). For example, to store a 7: 7 STO x . After hit
.
Enter the problem to be factored (or multiplied) and set "=" to one of the possible
answers (or the answer you want to check). The "=" sign is under
(TEST) #1 =. After hit
If a 0 appears, this is NOT the correct answer. If a 1 appears, this IS the correct answer.
Second Method: Check factors by graphing.

Enter the expression into the Y1= on the calculator.
Enter the possible answer response into Y2=.
Move to the left of the Y2= and choose the open circle. This setting will allow you to
clearly see the animated circle crossing the screen.
The animated bubble does not run along the original curve. It forms its own graph.
This is not the correct solution.
Keep checking until the correct answer is found.
43
44
When the answer is correct, the animated circle will be "riding" on top of the original
graph.
The animated bubble runs along the original graph. This is the answer.
The only difficult feature of this method is the occasional need to adjust the viewing window to
see the graph.
Example 2:
Find the factors of x2 - 3x - 4.
Graph Method:
Factors can be found by finding the zeros of an equation. The roots (zeros) of this equation
(where it crosses the x-intercept) will help us find the factors.
calculator screen.

CALC) and choose 2 (for ZERO).

root and press
and press
45
then the blue key
(for
and arrow to the right of the first

again. You get your first root to be (-1,0).
Do the same thing for the second root and we get (4, 0).
46
The roots (zeros) of this equation (where it crosses the x-intercept) will help us find the factors.
We know have the zeros, x = -1 and x = 4. Using the zeros (roots), we can find the factors.
Check to see if the factors are correct. Multiply the factors to see if they give you the original
expression.
Answer: Factors of x2 - 3x - 4 are (x + 1)(x - 4).
Example 3:
The room that is shown in the figure below has a floor space of 2x2 + x - 15 square feet.
If the width of the room is (x + 3) feet, what is the length?
(1) (x - 3)
(2) (2x - 5)
(3) (x - 5)
(4) (2x + 5)
First Method:
Choose your favorite positive one-digit (for ease) integer value and store the value in x
(do not pick 0 or 1). For example, to store a 7: 7 STO x . After hit
.
Enter the problem to be factored and set "=" to one of the possible answers . The "="
sign is under
(TEST) #1 =. After hit
If a 0 appears, this is NOT the correct answer. If a 1 appears, this IS the correct answer.
Answers are tested until the correct answer is found.
Second Method:
to enter the expression into the Y1=.
Enter the possible answer response into Y2=.
Move to the left of the Y2= and choose the open circle. This setting will allow you to
clearly see the animated circle crossing the screen.
If the animated bubble does not run along the original curve and it forms its own graph, this
means that is not the correct solution. Keep checking until the correct answer is found.
When the answer is correct, the animated circle will be "riding" on top of the original graph.
47
48
Example 4:
Find the factors of 8x2 - 10x + 3.
Factors can be found by finding the zeros of an equation. The roots (zeros) of this equation
(where it crosses the x-intercept) will help us find the factors.
calculator screen.

CALC) and choose 2 (for ZERO).
then the blue key
(for

root and press
and press
49
and arrow to the right of the first

again. You get your first root to be (.5,0).
Do the same thing for the second root and we get (.75,0).
The roots (zeros) of this equation (where it crosses the x-intercept) will help us find the
factors. We know have the zeros, x = .5 and x = .75.
If necessary, convert the decimal answers to fractions.
- #1Frac
Now, form the factors. The zeros are x =1/2

4x-3. (2x-1) (4x-3) = 8 x2-10x+3
50
and x = 3/4 ,so the factors are 2x-1 and
Answer: Factors of 8x2 - 10x + 3 are (2x - 1)(4x - 3).

Algebra 1

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Algebra 1

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CHAPTER 3

Chapter 3: USING TI 83 IN INTERMEDIATE ALGEBRA

Chapter 3: USING TI 83 IN INTERMEDIATE ALGEBRA

Check an Algebraic Answer

Method 1: Graphing the function and its inverse.

Method 2: Using the DrawInv command.

Chapter 3: USING TI 83 IN INTERMEDIATE ALGEBRA

Hitting the key

you will see next screen.

Chapter 3: USING TI 83 IN INTERMEDIATE ALGEBRA

Note: DrawInv Y1 (must be done before entering your algebraic answer)

Chapter 3: USING TI 83 IN INTERMEDIATE ALGEBRA

Investigate the Relationship Between the x

Chapter 3: USING TI 83 IN INTERMEDIATE ALGEBRA

Using the DrawInv Command to Draw a

Chapter 3: USING TI 83 IN INTERMEDIATE ALGEBRA

Hitting the key

One more time

you will see next screen

Chapter 3: USING TI 83 IN INTERMEDIATE ALGEBRA

F. Find the Slope and the Equation of a

Writing Equation of Line

Point-Slope Form for Line:

Chapter 3: USING TI 83 IN INTERMEDIATE ALGEBRA

Chapter 3: USING TI 83 IN INTERMEDIATE ALGEBRA

Hitting the key

Hitting the key

, you will see the equation for the line.

, it will show the graph.

(adapted from http://www.timath.com/)

Chapter 3: USING TI 83 IN INTERMEDIATE ALGEBRA

Chapter 3: USING TI 83 IN INTERMEDIATE ALGEBRA

Hitting the key

Chapter 3: USING TI 83 IN INTERMEDIATE ALGEBRA

G. Solve Systems of Linear Equations

Chapter 3: USING TI 83 IN INTERMEDIATE ALGEBRA

Use INTERSECTS to find where the two graphs intersect. Press

Answer: x = 2.6 and y = 3.8

Enter the first equation into Y1.

Chapter 3: USING TI 83 IN INTERMEDIATE ALGEBRA

The graphs appear to intersect OFF the window. Go to

. Increase the size

Use INTERSECT to find where the two graphs intersect. Press

Chapter 3: USING TI 83 IN INTERMEDIATE ALGEBRA

H.Solve Absolute Value Equations and

Find the absolute value function by accessing the

Finding the absolute value of a number

Method 1: Accessing the

You can find the absolute value function by accessing the

Chapter 3: USING TI 83 IN INTERMEDIATE ALGEBRA

Method 2: Function in the CATALOG (

The CATALOG is an alphabetical listing of functions.

Chapter 3: USING TI 83 IN INTERMEDIATE ALGEBRA

Absolute Value Equations

Use the Intersect Option (

CALC #5) to find where the graphs intersect. Move the

spider near the point of intersection, press

Chapter 3: USING TI 83 IN INTERMEDIATE ALGEBRA

Use the Intersect Option (

CALC #5) to find where the graphs intersect. Move the

spider near the point of intersection, press

Chapter 3: USING TI 83 IN INTERMEDIATE ALGEBRA