ZAINUDIN YAHYA

Office: BN-Block, Level-3,

Room-055
Email: zai@uniten.edu.my
Ext. No.: 2241
H/P No.: 0122669986
LECTURER : ZAINUDIN YAHYA

OPERATOR- MACHINE SYSTEMS

LECTURER : ZAINUDIN YAHYA

OPERATOR-MACHINE SYSTEMS
With safety practices and ergonomically designed systems, problems
such as high absence because of sickness, unnecessary disruptions,
and rejects, can be solved. Tools and workstations must be
designed in such a way (ergonomically) to avoid strain on the
operator.
OPERATOR-MACHINE SYSTEM STRUCTURES
The interaction between the operator and machine takes place in at
three levels of activities:
1. Skilled-based activities: The activities are carried out
subconsciously and automatically by natural sensory motor
subroutines of the operators (very skilful operators).
LECTURER : ZAINUDIN YAHYA

2. Rule-based activities: The activities are carried out by the operator

after he recalls the rules of controlling the machine. These rules are
learned thorough training and by experience.
3. Knowledge based activities: are based on problem-solving and
planning (no rules). Operators rely on their knowledge about the
goals to be achieved by the machine or mfg system.
ERGONOMICS
Ergonomics is the study of interaction between the worker and the
process at the workplace. Ergonomics helps the operator work
most efficiently.
Example
Ergonomically designed tool is one that allows people to do their
appointed tasks in the most efficient way. The tool can be designed
to avoid exposing the operator to physical load, noise, vibration,
LECTURER : ZAINUDIN YAHYA
and dust.

Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs)

(Cumulative = increasing in strength or effect)
CTDs or repetitive stress injuries are work-related musculoskeletal
impairments caused by repetitive and straining motions.
Cumulative indicates that the injuries develop gradually, trauma
indicates body injury from mechanical stress, and disorders refers to
physical ailments or abnormal conditions.
Signs of CTDs
Loss of strength, numbness, inflammation in tendons, soreness,
achiness in neck, shoulders, arms, and hand.
Solution:
A sufficient interval of rest time between episodes will reduce the risk
of developing CTDs of the operators.
LECTURER : ZAINUDIN YAHYA

THANK YOU
LECTURER : ZAINUDIN YAHYA