A.

Answer the questions Using may have and the words in

brackets
Eg: Tim: why Jane didnt come to the party last night?
(have a row
with her husband)
You: She may have had a row with her husband.
2. Tim: why is Mike in a bad mood today?
(sleep badly
last night)

3. Tim: Why is Sara looking under the desk?

(drop
something)

..
4. Tim: Where did Silvio put her bag?
(put under the
bed)

..
5. Tim: why didnt Liz come to school yesterday?
(feel tired)

7. Tim: how did fire start?

(someone
drop a cigarette)

.
B. Put in must or cant
1. You have been travelling all day. You ________be tired.
2. That restaurant ________ be very good. It's always full of people.
3. That restaurant ________ be very good. It's always empty.
4. Carol _______ get very bored in her job. She does the same thing
every day.
5. Congratulations on passing the exam. You _______ be very pleased.
6. They haven't lived here for a long time, so they ________ know
many people.
7. Ted isn't at work today. He _______________ be ill.
8 Carol knows a lot about films. She ______ watch films a lot
9. Jack is putting on his coat. He ______ be going out.
C. Read the situations and use the words in brackets to write
sentences with must have and can't have
1. We went to their house and rang the doorbell, but nobody
answered. (They go out)

They must have gone out

2. Sarah hasnt contacted me. (She get my message)

.
3. The jacket you bought is very good quality. (It very expensive)

4. I haven't seen our neighbours for ages. (They go away)

5. I can't find my umbrella. (I leave it in the restaurant last night)

.
6. Rachel did the opposite of what I asked her to do. (She understand
what I said)

7. When I got back to my car, the door was open. (I forget to lock it)

.
8. I woke up in the night because of the noise next door. (My neighbours
have a party)

..
10. The light was red, but the car didn't stop. (The driver see the red
light)

Function
Modal
Ability
Can

Obligatio Must, have

n
to

Prohibitio Mustnt
n

Present
I can speak 3
languages

Past
When I was a
child I could
run fast
Drivers {must/
They had to
have to} stop at stop at a red
a red light.
light
Students mustnt
cheat in exams

Explanation
be able to ,
know how to
It is obligatory
to

it is forbidden
to, it is against
the law
Advice
Should,
You
It is advisable,
ought to,
{should/ought
it is a good
to } study hard
idea
Criticism Should(ough
You { should Somebody did
t to) have
/ought to
something
done
have } tried wrong in the
better (but
past
they didnt
try and their
team lost)
Lack of
Neednt =
There are only
You neednt It is not
obligatio dont
few guests. We { have
necessary to
n
( doesnt)
neednt
bought
do
have to
/ dont have to } cakes ( it
buy many cakes wasnt
necessary ,
but you
bought them)
Deductio must
He has Rolls
I cant have
I am sure ,I am
n
Royce. He must access to the certain
be rich.
internet. My
father must
have
changed the
password.
Impossibi Cant
He cant be
He cant
I am sure
lity
American, His
have
someone/
English is terrible. written the something is
poem. He is not
illiterate.
Probility May, might, It is cloudy. It{
I guess it
It is
could
may/could/migh {may/
possible/perha
t } rain
could/ might ps

Modals Summary