Piping and Instrumentation Diagram - P&ID

What is a Piping and Instrumentation Diagram - P&ID?

A Piping and Instrumentation Diagram - P&ID, is a schematic illustration of functional relationship of piping,
instrumentation and system equipment components.
P&ID shows all of piping including the physical sequence of branches, reducers, valves, equipment, instrumentation and
control interlocks.
The P&ID are used to operate the process system.
A P&ID should include:
Instrumentation and designations
Mechanical equipment with names and numbers
All valves and their identifications
Process piping, sizes and identification
Miscellaneous - vents, drains, special fittings, sampling lines, reducers and increasers
Flow directions
Interconnections
Control inputs and outputs, interlocks
This figure depict a very small and simplified P&ID: