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Cao su
Polytetrafluoroethylene
Si giy c trng lng ring trung bnh
Nylon
G thng
G si
B tng cng cao di tc dng nn
Kim loi magi
Nhm
Gng knh (ph thuc vo hm lng silicat)
Ngc trai
Men s (Ca xi pht pht)
ng thau
Kim loi Titan
ng
Si knh (nha chu lc)
Si ct bon
Silicon
St rn
Thp
Chui crystalline
Crystal n
H s Poisson
0.50
0.25
0.20
0.35
0.33
0.18-0.3
0.33
0.34
0.21-0.26
0.27-0.30
M dun n hi
(Young's Modulus)
(1 GPa = 1kN/mm2)
0.01-0.1
0.5
4
2-4
8.963
11
30
45
69
50-90
70
83
100-125
105-120
117
40-45
125-150
185
190-210
200
193
200
M un n hi
M un n hi l s m t ton hc ca mt i tng hoc ca mt khuynh hng vt cht no
b lm bin dng mt cch n hi (v d khng thng xuyn) khi c mt lc c tc ng ln n.
M un n hi ca mt vt th c xc nh bng dc ca ng cong ng sut-bin dng trong
vng bin dng n hi:
Cc loi m un n hi
Vic nh r ng sut v bin dng c o nh th no, bao gm c cc hng, cho php xc nh
mt s loi m un n hi. C ba loi c bn l:
------------------
H s Poisson
H s Poisson hay t s Poisson (k hiu l ) c t theo tn nh vt l Simon-Denis Poisson l t
s gia bin dng hng ( co, bin dng co) tng i v bin dng dc trc tng i (theo
vi:
: h s Poisson,
: bin dng ngang (bin dng hng) (c gi tr m nu chu ko, dng nu chu nn)
: bin dng dc trc (c gi tr dng nu chu ko, m nu chu nn)
C ch
cp phn t, nguyn nhn ca hiu ng Poisson l s chuyn dch gia cc phn t v s ko gin
mi lin kt phn t trong khung phn t do ng sut gy ra. Khi lin kt b ko gin theo phng
ca ng sut th n b thu ngn li theo phng kia. S tng hp cc thay i ny trong ton b
khung phn t s gy ra hiu ng Poisson.
vi
, and l bin dng theo trc x, y v z,
x , y v z l ng sut theo trc x, y v z,
E l mun n hi Young (i vi vt liu ng hng mun n hi theo cc trc x, y v z
bng nhau)
l h s Poisson (i vi vt liu ng hng l nh nhau theo cc trc x, y v z)
Thay i th tch
3
thay i th tch tng i V/V ca vt kiu do b ko ginc th tnh theo cng thc gin lc
(ch khi bin dng l nh):
vi
V th tch
V thay i th tch
L chiu di ban u
L thay i chiu di.
H s Poisson ca mt s vt liu
Vt liu
Cao su
H s Poisson
~ 0,50
t st bo ha 0,40-0,50
Magi
0,35
Titan
0,34
ng
0,33
Nhm
0,33
t st
0,30-0,45
Thp khng r
0,30-0,31
Thp
0,27-0,30
St c
0,21-0,26
Ct
0,20-0,45
B tng
0,20
Thy tinh
0,18-0,3
Xp
0,10-0,40
Bc
~ 0,00