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Mechanical 2000 Tutorial
Mechanical 2000 Tutorial
Tutorials
17320-010000-5080
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Content
Introduction...................................................................................................... 1
Prerequisites...........................................................................................................2
How the Tutorials Are Organized..........................................................................2
Methods for Accessing AutoCAD Mechanical Commands ..................................2
Styles for Different Input Actions .........................................................................3
Chapter 1: Working with Templates ............................................................... 5
Key Terms ..............................................................................................................6
Working with Templates .......................................................................................7
Getting Started ...................................................................................................7
Setting Up the Starting Layer.............................................................................8
Setting the Mechanical Options ........................................................................9
Specifying the Drawing Limits.........................................................................10
Saving a Template ............................................................................................10
Using a Template .............................................................................................11
Chapter 2: Extending the Design of a Lever ................................................. 13
Key Terms ............................................................................................................14
Extending the Design ..........................................................................................15
Getting Started .................................................................................................15
Preliminary Settings: Snap Configuration .......................................................16
Creating Construction Lines (C-Lines) ............................................................17
Creating additional C-Lines.............................................................................19
Creating a Contour and Applying a Fillet .......................................................22
Creating a Contour and Trimming Projecting Edges ......................................24
Cross-Hatching the Lever.................................................................................26
Dimensioning the Lever ..................................................................................27
Creating a Detail and Additional Dimensions ................................................29
Chapter 3: Dimensioning and Annotations.................................................. 33
Key Terms ............................................................................................................34
Dimensioning ......................................................................................................36
Automatic Dimensioning ................................................................................36
Editing Dimensions with Power Commands ..................................................39
Inserting Annotations ......................................................................................43
Inserting a Drawing Border..............................................................................46
Contents
vi
Contents
Contents
vii
Inserting a Hole..............................................................................................169
Inserting a Pin ................................................................................................171
Hiding C-Lines ...............................................................................................172
Simplifying the Representation of Standard Parts.........................................173
Chapter 12: Chain Calculation .................................................................... 175
Key Terms ..........................................................................................................176
Chain Calculation .............................................................................................177
Getting Started ...............................................................................................177
Performing a Length Calculation ..................................................................178
Optimizing the Chain Length .......................................................................180
Inserting Sprockets.........................................................................................181
Inserting a Chain ...........................................................................................184
Chapter 13: Calculating a Spring ................................................................ 187
Key Terms ..........................................................................................................188
Calculating a Spring ..........................................................................................189
Getting Started ...............................................................................................189
Starting the Spring Calculation .....................................................................190
Specifying the Spring Layout .........................................................................192
Calculating and Selecting the Spring.............................................................196
Inserting the Spring .......................................................................................196
Copying the Spring with Power Copy ...........................................................197
Editing the Spring with Power Edit ...............................................................198
Chapter 14: Using FEA to Calculate Stress .................................................. 201
Key Terms ..........................................................................................................202
2D FEA ...............................................................................................................203
Getting Started ...............................................................................................203
Calculating the Stress in a Lever ....................................................................203
Defining Loads and Supports.........................................................................205
Calculating the Results ..................................................................................207
Evaluating and Refining the Mesh ................................................................208
Improving the Design ....................................................................................210
Recalculating the Stress..................................................................................211
viii
Contents
Introduction
In This Chapter
Prerequisites
Prerequisites
Installing AutoCAD Mechanical 2000 with typical or full
installation, the tutorial drawings will automatically be installed.
Selecting the compact installation, the tutorial drawings will not be
installed.
If you select the custom installation, be sure that you have selected
the online help files to install the tutorial drawings as well.
Because of the fact that the tutorial is completely based on ISO
standard, please be sure to have the ISO standards selected during
installation. If you have already installed AutoCAD Mechanical
2000 without the ISO standard part standard, please install the
ISO standard part standard now.
Introduction
Open
Menu
Command
OPEN
KEYSTROKES:
User Entries:
Getting Started
In This Chapter
Saving a template
Using a template
Key Terms
Term
Definition
base layer
A layer made up of working layers and standard parts layers. Base layers are
repeated in every layer group.
layer group
part layers
A layer where the standard parts are put. All standard parts layers have the suffix
AM_*N.
template
A file with predefined settings to use for new drawings; however, any drawing
can be used as a template.
working layer
Getting Started
Command
AMLAY
2 In the Layer Control dialog box, choose the Layer Control tab, and
specify:
Name: AM_0
3 Choose Current.
4 Choose OK.
The toolbar shows that the active layer is AM_0.
AMCONFIG
3 Choose OK.
NOTE When you change the settings in the Standard field, all
standard-related settings are changed (Dimensioning, BOM,
Symbols, ) and saved in the template file.
LIMITS
Saving a Template
Now, save the previously changed drawing as a template.
1 Start the Save As command.
Menu
File > Save As
Command
SAVEAS
10
4 Choose OK.
Using a Template
Next, you start a new drawing and select a starting template.
1 Start the New command.
Toolbutton
New
Menu
Command
NEW
2 In the Create New Drawing dialog box, select the Use a Template
icon, and specify:
Select a Template: My_own_template
3 Choose OK.
Now, you start the new drawing, using the settings in the
previously saved template.
In the next step, you specify your template as the default template.
4 Start the Mechanical Options command.
Using a Template
11
Menu
Command
AMCONFIG
6 Choose OK
Now, the my_own_template file will be used when you start
AutoCAD Mechanical.
12
In This Chapter
Preliminary settings:
snap configuration
Creating construction
lines
Creating additional
construction lines
Creating a contour
and applying a fillet
Creating a contour
and trimming
projecting edges
Cross-hatching the
lever
Dimensioning the
lever
13
Key Terms
Term
Definition
(C-lines)
construction lines
Lines, which are infinite in both directions or rays, which are infinite starting at a
point that can be inserted into the drawing area. You use C-lines to transfer
important points (for example, center points of bores) into other views or
drawing areas.
construction
geometry
detail
distance snap
Library
A feature that makes it possible to store parts such as blocks and drawings in a
library. For every inserted part, an icon can be created. The icon is put in the
display section on the right side of the dialog box along with an assigned name.
Power Command
A collective term for the Power Copy, Power Recall, Power Edit, Power
Dimensioning, Power Erase, and Power View commands.
Power
Dimensioning
Power Dimensioning is a very useful tool for generating linear, radial and
diameter dimensions, which minimizes the number of the individual actions
required while generating a dimension. Power Dimensioning selects the type of
linear dimension (horizontal, vertical, or aligned), based on the selected point,
and the dimensions of the drawing can have a uniform style using the distance
snap.
14
Command
AMLIBRARY
Command
ZOOM
Getting Started
| 15
Command
AMPOWERSNAP
16
Command
AMCONSTLINES
| 17
Next, draw two lines parallel to the vertical and horizontal lines of
the construction line cross.
4 Start the Draw C-Lines command.
Toolbutton
Parallel with Full Distance
Menu
Command
AMCONSTLINES
5 In the Construction Lines dialog box, choose the Parallel with Full
Distance icon.
18
7 Insert the second set of parallel lines, and respond to the prompts
as follows:
Select XLINE, RAY or LINE: Select line b.
Distance(xx|xx|xx..) or Insertion point: Enter 4.5|9.5
Side to offset: Specify a point below line b
8 Press ENTER.
Command
AMPSNAP2
Command
AMCONSTLINES
| 19
Command
AMCONSTLINES
20
Select point P1
Select point P2
Select point P3
Select point P1
All construction lines have been inserted, and the contour can be
generated.
| 21
Command
PLINE
22
Now, erase the C-Lines. You can erase all C-lines by calling one
command.
3 Erase C-Lines.
Toolbutton
Erase All C-Lines
Menu
Command
AMERASEALLCL
Fillet
Menu
Command
AMFILLET2D
7 Choose OK.
8 Respond to the prompts as follows:
(Dimension mode:OFF)(Trim mode) Current fillet radius = 1
Select first object or [Polyline/Setup/Dimension]: Enter P
Poly Select 2D polyline: Select a point on the polyline near the corner
9 Press ESC to cancel the command.
The triangular contour is complete.
| 23
Command
AMPSNAP3
Command
LINE
Now, trim the projecting edges at the upper edge of the lever.
24
Command
TRIM
Command
ZOOM
| 25
Command
AMHATCH_45_2
26
Command
AMPSNAP1
Command
AMPOWERDIM
| 27
5 Choose OK.
6 Press ESC to cancel the command.
The lever looks like this:
28
Command
AMDETAIL
3 Choose OK.
| 29
Command
AMPOWERDIM
30
10 Press ESC.
Now, the lever looks like this:
| 31
32
In This Chapter
Automatic
dimensioning
Editing dimensions
with Power
Commands
Inserting annotations
Inserting a drawing
border
33
Key Terms
Term
Definition
annotation
baseline dimension
A dimension that is aligned to extension lines and read from the bottom or right
side of the drawing.
centerline
Line in the center of a symmetrical object. When you create centerlines, you
specify the start and end points.
datum identifier
drawing border
drawing title
The drawing title is drawn in the lower right corner of the drawing and provides
information about your drawing. Some title attributes are pre-assigned. You can
modify or add attributes.
feature control
frame symbol
feature identifier
symbol
fit
fit name
geometric
tolerance
The general term applied to the category of tolerances used to control form,
profile, orientation, location, and run out.
multi edit
An option where you determine a selection set of dimensions and edit them
together.
Power
Dimensioning
A command useful for generating linear, radial, and diameter dimensions while
minimizing the number of the individual actions for generating a dimension.
Power Dimensioning automatically selects the type of the linear dimension
(horizontal, vertical, aligned) based on the selected point.
34
Chapter 3
Power Erase
Command for deleting. Use Power Erase when you delete part reference numbers
or dimensions that were created with Power Dimensioning.
surface texture
symbol
Symbol that specifies surface texture finish. The symbols conform, in terms of
their geometry and annotations (which includes text and other symbols), to
international drafting standards.
title block
A title block contains a series of attributes some already have values. The preassigned values can be modified, and the vacant attributes can be completed
with new values.
tolerance
The total amount by which a given dimension (nominal size) may vary (for
example, 20 0.1).
| 35
Dimensioning
AutoCAD Mechanical offers various dimensioning tools. Here you
will learn to use automatic dimensioning to add dimensions to a
bush. You also learn how to change these dimensions
1 Open the file tut_ex03 in the acadm\tutorial folder.
Toolbutton
Open
Menu
Command
OPEN
Automatic Dimensioning
First you dimension the shaft of the bushing using automatic
dimensioning.
1 Start Automatic Dimensioning.
Toolbutton
Automatic Dimensioning
Menu
Command
AMAUTODIM
36
Chapter 3
3 Choose OK.
4 Respond to the prompts as follows:
Select objects: Select the complete shaft
Select objects: Press ENTER
First extension line origin: Select the lower leftmost corner of the shaft,
P1
Place dimension line [Options/Pickobj] <Options>: Drag the
dimensioning downwards until it snaps in (highlighted), and click
Starting point for next extension line: Press ENTER to end the command
Automatic Dimensioning
| 37
Command
AMAUTODIM
7 Choose OK.
8 Respond to the prompts as follows:
Select objects: Select the complete shaft
Select objects: Press ENTER
Select Centerline or new starting point: Select the shaft centerline
Place dimension line [Options/Pickobj] <Options>: Drag the
dimensioning to the right until it snaps in (highlighted), and click
Starting point for next extension line: Press ENTER to end the
command
38
Chapter 3
Command
AMPOWERERASE
| 39
Command
AMPOWERDIM
40
Chapter 3
6 Choose OK.
Now continue to apply an angular dimensioning.
7 Respond to the prompts as follows:
(SINGLE) First extension line origin or
[Angular/Options/Baseline/Chain/ Update] <Select> : Enter A
Select arc, circle, line or RETURN: Select the line at point P1
Second line: Select the line at point P2
Dimension arc line location (Angle): Drag the dimension to a suitable
position, and click
Dimension text (Click=Options) <45>: Press ENTER
| 41
Multi Edit
Menu
Command
AMDIMMEDIT
12 Choose OK.
The fit description h7 is added to the dimensions.
42
Chapter 3
Inserting Annotations
Annotations are objects used to describe the design, like surface or
weld symbols. In this exercise, you will insert a surface texture
symbol, a datum identifier, and a feature control frame.
First, you add a surface texture symbol. A surface texture symbol is
a symbol that describes the roughness of a face. It can also provide
information about the finishing method.
1 Start the Surface Texture command.
Toolbutton
Surface Texture
Menu
Command
AMSURFSYM
3 In the Surface Texture dialog box, choose the Symbol tab, and
specify:
Surface Type: Select the middle icon
A : 6.3
Inserting Annotations
| 43
4 Choose OK.
Next, you add a datum identifier and a feature control frame. The
datum identifier marks a reference face for a geometric tolerance,
and the feature control frame provides information about the
toleranced face, allowed deviation, and the type of tolerance.
5 Start the Datum Identifier command.
Toolbutton
Datum Identifier
Menu
Command
AMDATUMID
44
Chapter 3
Command
AMFCFRAME
10 In the Feature Control Frame dialog box, choose the Frame tab,
and specify:
Sym: Select the symbol for the geometric tolerance circular run-out
Tolerance: 0.01
Datum 1: A
Inserting Annotations
| 45
11 Choose OK.
Now, your complete bushing looks like this:
46
Menu
Command
AMTITLE
Chapter 3
3 Choose OK.
4 Respond to the prompt as follows:
Insertion point: Specify an insertion point in the lower left corner
5 In the Change Title Block Entry dialog box, specify:
Description, max. 20: Bushing
| 47
6 Choose OK.
7 Respond to the prompts as follows:
Select Objects: Select the complete shaft
Select Objects: Press ENTER
New location for objects: Place the bush in the middle of the drawing
border
Finally, your drawing looks like this:
48
Chapter 3
In This Chapter
Changing a layer by
selecting objects
49
Key Terms
Term
Definition
base layer
A layer made up of working layers and standard parts layers. Base layers are
repeated in every layer group.
layer group
part layers
The layer where the standard parts are put. All standard parts layers have the
suffix AM_*N.
working layer
50
| Chapter 4
Getting Started
Open the initial drawing.
1 Open the file tut_ex04 in the acadm\tutorial folder.
Toolbutton
Open
Menu
Command
OPEN
Command
ZOOM
Command
ZOOM
51
Command
AMLAYMOVE
52
| Chapter 4
The centerlines of the differential gear are moved to the layer and
layer group of the engine centerline.
Command
AMLGMOVE
53
3 In the Layer Control dialog box, choose the Create button, and
create a new layer group called Gear. Choose OK.
54
| Chapter 4
Now, you create two new layer groups and move the parts (blocks)
to those groups.
5 Start the Layer Group Control command.
Toolbutton
Menu
Command
AMLG
6 In the Layer Control dialog box, choose the Layer Group Control
tab, and choose Create. Enter Coverplate for the layer group name.
7 Choose Create again, and create a layer group called Bushing.
Choose OK.
Command
AMLGMOVE
55
10 In the Layer Control dialog box, select the layer group Coverplate,
and choose OK.
56
Toolbutton
Menu
Command
AMLGMOVE
| Chapter 4
14 In the Layer Control dialog box, select the layer group Bushing,
and choose OK.
57
The coverplate and the bushing have now been moved to their
respective layer groups.
Command
ZOOM
Command
AMLAYVISENH
4 Choose OK.
58
| Chapter 4
Command
AMLG
6 In the Layer Control dialog box, choose the Layer Group Control
tab, and select the layer group Shaft. Choose the Current button,
and then choose OK.
59
Command
COPY
9 In the Layer Control dialog box, choose the Layer Group Control
tab, and select the layer group Shaft. Choose the Selection Set
button. In the AutoCAD dialog box, choose OK.
10 Respond to the prompts as follows:
Select objects: Press ENTER
Specify base point or displacement, or [Multiple]: Specify a point on
the shaft
Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as
displacement>: Specify another point in the drawing border on the
right
60
| Chapter 4
In This Chapter
Creating part
references
Inserting and
modifying balloons
Inserting and
modifying parts lists
61
Key Terms
Term
Definition
balloon
Circular annotation tag that identifies a bill of material item in a drawing. The
number in the balloon corresponds with the number of the part in the bill of
material.
bill of material
BOM attribute
An entity that contains attributes by default (the attribute is invisible) that can
add information to and describe details of a part in the drawing. The values of
these attributes are transformed into the parts list attributes when converting
BOM attributes and creating a parts list.
part reference
Part information for a bill of material, which is attached to the part in the
drawing.
parts list
A dynamic list of parts and associated attributes generated from a bill of material
database. The parts list automatically reflects additions and subtractions of parts
from an assembly.
62
Command
OPEN
Command
ZOOM
| 63
Command
AMPARTREF
6 In the Part Ref Attributes dialog box, enter the settings shown
below.
7 Choose OK.
The Part Reference is inserted into the drawing.
8 Start the Part Reference command again.
Toolbutton
Place Reference
64
Menu
Command
AMPARTREF
Command
AMPARTREFEDIT
| 65
NOTE For the related nut and the screw connection on the right
side the reference quantity is already changed in the drawing.
16 Zoom extents to display the entire drawing.
Placing Balloons
1 Start the Balloon command.
Toolbutton
Place Balloon
Menu
Command
AMBALLOON
66
Placing Balloons
| 67
Command
AMBALLOON
68
TIP You can reorganize one balloon by selecting and using grip
point editing.
Create a part reference and a balloon in one step with the manual
option.
12 Start the AMBALLOON command again, and choose Manual.
13 Click a point inside the shaft.
Placing Balloons
| 69
15 Press ENTER to start the leader line of the balloon in the center of
the part reference.
16 Move the cursor through the center of balloon 1 to get the
tracking line, and enter the insertion point.
TIP Instead of entering the insertion point, you can select another
point to create an extended leader line.
70
17 Press ENTER.
Menu
Command
AMPARTSLIST
| 71
TIP If you are working with more than one drawing border, you can
create border-specific parts lists. In this case, a BOM database is
created for each border automatically when the AMBALLOON or
AMPARTLIST commands are used.
You can use the AMBOM command to create or edit a BOM manually.
An example of a BOM database that contains more than one border is
shown below. Selecting BORDER1 or BORDER2 displays the contents
for each BOM database.
AMEDIT
6 Select balloon 2.
72
You can edit your data in this dialog box. Some examples are
shown next.
10 Select 8.8 in the Material column, and move the cursor down three
cells to copy the data into these rows.
| 73
13 For the two nuts (ISO 4034 M6), from 8.8 to 8, change the material
by double-clicking the field.
The result should look like the following:
74
Selecting several rows allows you to merge or split items. The selected
rows need to have the same entries.
3 Choose Apply to display the changes in the drawing.
| 75
TIP Select the gray field to the left of row 1, and the active split icon
is displayed.
In this case, if you choose split, you can select one of the two part
references in the drawing to split them.
Selecting the gray field in the upper left corner near Item allows you to
select all rows at once, as shown in the following.
76
Collecting Balloons
Collecting balloons enables you to place balloons of related parts
to one leader line. For example, you can place the balloons of a
screw and a nut to one common leader line.
1 Use a window to zoom in the top view of the drawing.
Toolbutton
Zoom Window
Menu
Command
ZOOM
Collecting Balloons
| 77
Command
AMBALLOON
78
7 Repeat the collect balloon command for the screw and nut on the
right side.
8 Use Power Erase to delete balloons 4 and 5.
The result should look like this:
Command
ZOOM
2 Double-click the parts list to display the Parts List dialog box.
| 79
TIP You can sort within a selection set, otherwise you are sorting all
items.
4 Enter the settings in the dialog box, as shown below.
7 In the Set Value dialog box, select the Set Value icon
change the Start value
80
, and
Using Filters
You can create and use one or more filters for every parts list you
have inserted in the drawing.
1 Double-click the parts list to display the Parts List dialog box.
2 Move the cursor over the white Filters field, and right-click.
Using Filters
| 81
4 Select Custom and choose OK. The details for this filter are
displayed.
7 Choose Apply in the Parts List dialog box. The Standards that
contain ISO are displayed.
8 Choose OK. The filtered parts list is displayed in the drawing. The
defined filters are saved with the parts list and can be used again
later.
If you only want to print the filtered list, choose the Print icon
.
82
9 Choose Cancel to close the dialog box. The filter will not be used
in this drawing again.
Using Filters
| 83
84
In This Chapter
Creating a detail
Generating a new
viewport
Inserting an user
through hole
Creating a
subassembly in a new
layout
85
Key Terms
Term
Definition
base layer
A layer made up of working layers and standard parts layers. Base layers are
repeated in every layer group.
detail
drawing
drawing mode
Establishes the settings for paper space so that you can create a drawing of your
model. When Drawing mode is off, you are in model space.
layer group
layout
The tabbed environment in which you create and design paper space floating
viewports to be plotted. Multiple layouts can be created for each drawing.
Power
Dimensioning
A command useful for generating linear, radial, and diameter dimensions, which
minimizes the number of the individual actions while generating a dimension.
Power Dimensioning automatically selects the type of the linear dimension
(horizontal, vertical, aligned), based on the selected point.
scale area
scale monitor
A function where you can control the scale for each viewport.
viewport
view scale
The scale of a base drawing relative to the model scale. Also, the scale of
dependent views relative to the base view.
working layer
86
Getting Started
In this tutorial, you work with viewports. You generate an
associative detail and create a subassembly drawing.
1 Open the file tut_ex06 in the acadm\tutorial folder.
Toolbutton
Open
Menu
Command
OPEN
Getting Started
| 87
Command
AMSCAREA
88
4 Choose OK.
In the next step, you use Viewport Auto Create to create a viewport
automatically.
Here, the viewport will be created, because of the defined scale
area.
5 Start the Viewport Auto Create command.
Toolbutton
Viewport Auto Create
Menu
Command
AMVPORTAUTO
Command
ZOOM
| 89
Creating a Detail
There are two types of details, associative and non-associative. In
this exercise, you create an associative detail, because you use a
viewport.
Create an associative detail of the valve.
1 Start the Detail command.
Toolbutton
Detail
Menu
Command
AMDETAIL
90
4 Choose OK.
5 Respond to the prompt as follows:
Move the title (<Return> for current position): Press ENTER
Select target position (<Return> for current position): Place the detail
to the right of the current viewport
Viewport/Scale Area
Menu
Command
AMVPORT
| 91
92
Paper/Model Space
Command
MSPACE
Command
AMTHOLE
| 93
6 Choose Finish.
The user through hole is inserted into your drawing. Now, the
drawing looks like this:
94
PSPACE
Command
AMPOWERDIM
| 95
NOTE You can also dimension the hole in model space and turn off
the layer of one specific viewport. But the dimension text will only be
correct in the 1:1 viewport and not in the detail view. Therefore, you
can dimension directly on the layout.
96
Command
AMVPORT
| 97
98
Other objects are still visible around the subassembly. You use the
Layer Control command to hide them.
8 Start the Layer Group Control.
Toolbutton
Layer Group Control
Menu
Command
AMLG
9 In the Layer Control dialog box, choose the Layer Group Control
tab, mark SUBASSEMBLY1, and choose Current.
10 Move the cursor to the icon in the column Viewport Control, and
right-click.
11 In the context menu, choose Select Viewport.
| 99
14 Choose OK.
AutoCAD Mechanical freezes the Base Layer Group, and the
subassembly remains visible. Your drawing looks like this:
100
Now, you can finish your detail drawing with text, remarks,
annotations, and so on.
NOTE When you plot the drawing, the red viewport frame is
turned off automatically. If you have a plotter or printer driver
installed, use the plot command, and preview the drawing.
| 101
102
Designing a Cam
In This Chapter
Creating movement
sections
Creating a cam
geometry from the
graph
Creating NC data
103
Key Terms
Term
Definition
acceleration
cam
Types of gears for obtaining unusual and irregular motions that would be difficult
to produce otherwise.
curve path
movement
diagram
The representation of the cam as a graph of the lift and the angle of rotation of
the cam plate (straight driven element). If the driven element is a rocker, the lift
corresponds to an angle of rotation of the rocker.
movement section
Part of the movement diagram. Some sections are defined by design. For
example, the maximum lift of 15 mm is reached at an angle of 90.
NC
resolution
Controls the precision of curves. A low value increases computing time. Use a
higher value for initial design.
step width
Specifies the distance between the points used for the NC records
velocity
Graph of the speed of the straight driven element, or the rotation angle of a
rocker and the cam plate angle of rotation.
104
| Chapter 7
Designing a Cam
Cam Design
With cam plates, you can implement all movements required in
the scope of process control with a minimum number of gear
elements. The basis for systematic design procedures is offered
using standardized laws of movement in the development of new
cam gears.
With AutoCAD Mechanical create cams (cam plates and cylindrical
cams) based on sections drawn in a movement diagram. You can
also calculate velocity and acceleration of an existing section of the
movement diagram. The cam curve path can be determined via the
calculated cam sections. An existing curve path can be scanned
and transferred in the movement diagram. A driven element can
be coupled to the cam. NC data can be created via the curve path.
Getting Started
With cam design, you can generate a flat or cylindrical cam. In this
example, you create a flat cam from a diagram.
Insert the initial drawing.
1 Open the file tut_ex07 in the acadm\tutorial folder.
Toolbutton
Open
Menu
Command
OPEN
Command
ZOOM
Command
ZOOM
Getting Started
105
Command
AMCAMCONF
106
| Chapter 7
Designing a Cam
3 Choose OK.
Two icons in the Configuration dialog box show the two cam
calculating options: flat cams and cylindrical cams (in case of
parallel lift). Note that in our example, the velocity is inscribed in
color 1 (red), and the acceleration in color 3 (green).
Next you specify the baseline and cam position.
NOTE The base cam diameter with stroke 0 can have the value 0 or
a positive value. The following figure explains the meaning of the base
diameter. The cam radius with stroke 0 is composed of the half base
diameter and the distance (X), calculated from the diagram. In case,
the base diameter is 0, only the distance calculated from the diagram
will be
effective.
107
108
| Chapter 7
Designing a Cam
Command
AMCAMTRANS
109
Command
AMCAMGRAPH
110
| Chapter 7
Designing a Cam
Command
AMCAMCRCAM
111
Creating NC Data
Now, you generate the NC data for a milling machine to produce
the part.
1 Start the NC Data calculation.
Toolbutton
Calculate NC Data
Menu
Command
AMCAMNC
3 Choose OK.
4 In the Enter filename dialog box, enter Cam.nc as the filename,
and choose Save.
5 Respond to the prompts as follows:
Select cam polyline (offset may be needed for cylinder cam): Select
the 5 path sections around point 3
Select objects: Press ENTER
112
| Chapter 7
Designing a Cam
Creating NC Data
113
114
| Chapter 7
Designing a Cam
In This Chapter
Calculating the
moment of inertia
Calculating the
deflection line
calculation.
115
Key Terms
Term
Definition
deflection line
Deflection lines are calculated based on the predefined force direction (F) or to
radial direction (s).
deflection moment
distributed force
fixed support
load
moment of inertia
An important property of areas and solid bodies. Standard formulas are derived
by multiplying elementary particles of area and mass by the squares of their
distances from reference axes. Moments of inertia, therefore, depend on the
location of reference axes.
movable support
point force
116
Getting Started
First, you load the drawing.
1 Open the file tut_ex08 in the acadm\tutorial folder.
Toolbutton
Open
Menu
Command
OPEN
117
Command
AMINERTIA
118
NOTE The main axes, 1 and 2, are the axes with the most and least
deflection. The F arrow displays the direction of the force, the s arrow
displays the resultant deflection. The moment of inertia block shows
the moments related to the main axis, the maximum distances from
the edges, and the calculated area. For more detailed information, see
the online help.
A side view of the profile has been created for the deflection line.
5 Zoom to the extents of the drawing.
Toolbutton
Zoom Extents
Menu
Command
ZOOM
119
Command
AMDEFLINE
4 In the Material dialog box, select ANSI standard and the material
Al. bronze cast.
NOTE If ANSI standard is not installed at your system, selecting a
different standard according to your preference is also possible, but
the results will differ from the results in this tutorial exercise (if you
select DIN for example, you can select a similar material like
AlMgSi0.5F22 to achieve similar results).
120
121
122
123
124
In This Chapter
Starting and
configuring the shaft
generator
Creating shaft
sections
Inserting a profile
Inserting a chamfer
and a fillet
Inserting a thread
Replacing a shaft
section
Inserting a bearing
125
Key Terms
Term
Definition
bearing calculation
Calculates limiting value, dynamic and static load rating, dynamic and static
equivalent load, and fatigue life in revolutions and hours.
chamfer
dynamic
calculation
Calculation required for a revolving bearing. The result is the Adjusted Rating Life.
This is the life associated with 90% reliability with contemporary, commonly used
material, and under conventional operating conditions. With the number of
revolutions you get the life in working hours.
dynamic dragging
The act of determining the size of a standard part with the cursor while inserting
it into a side view. The standard part is displayed dynamically on the screen and
can be dragged to the next possible size and length. The values (sizes) are taken
from the Standard parts database.
fillet
A curved transition from one part face or surface to another. The transition cuts
off the outside edge or fills in the inside edge.
gear
radius reflection
line
Thin line that represents the radius in the side or top view.
shaft break
Interruption of a shaft. A shaft can be interrupted at a point, and the shaft break
symbols are inserted in a suitable size.
shaft generator
Tool to draw rotationally symmetric parts. A shaft is usually created from left to
right using different sections. These sections are positioned automatically one
after the other. Additionally, any shaft section can be inserted, deleted, or edited.
126
Command
AMPOWERSNAP
2 In the Power Snap Settings dialog box, activate the tab Setting 4
and configure the snap settings as shown in the following:
3 Choose OK.
Command
AMSHAFT2D
127
128
NOTE Here, the DIN standard requires that you give the module.
The ANSI standard requires the reciprocal 1/module. You can switch
between these two representations using the DIN and ANSI toggle.
3 Choose the lower cylinder button to define a further cylinder
section, and respond to the prompts as follows:
Specify length <12>: Enter 5
Specify diameter <20>: Enter 20
4 Choose the gear button, and enter the values for module, number
of teeth, and length as shown in the following figure:
129
130
131
After applying the chamfer and the fillet, the shaft looks like the
following figure:
132
133
Inserting a Thread
Now, you add a thread to the shaft.
1 Choose the Thread button to insert a thread, and select ISO 261
M in the browser.
2 In the Thread ISO 261 M dialog box, select M10 and enter a
length of 20. Choose OK.
The thread is added to the shaft, which looks like this now:
134
135
136
Inserting a Bearing
Here, you insert a bearing and perform a bearing calculation.
1 Choose the Standard Parts button, and select a radial bearing ISO
355 in the browser. Respond to the prompts as follows:
Specify insertion point on shaft contour: Specify point P1
Direction to Left/Right: Select a point to the right
Inserting a Bearing
137
3 In the ISO 355 dialog box, specify the loads as shown, and choose
Next >.
4 In the ISO 355 dialog box, select the bearing 2BD 20 x 37 x 12,
and choose Finish.
The bearing is inserted, and you can select the available sizes by
dragging.
5 Choose 2BD 20 x 37 x 12 and press ENTER.
The bearing is inserted.
138
Performing a Shaft
Calculation
In This Chapter
10
139
Key Terms
Term
Definition
deflection line
Deflection line calculations are based on the predefined force direction (F) or the
radial direction (s).
deflection moment
Deflection moment calculations are based on the predefined force direction (F) or
the radial direction (s).
fixed support
load
gear
movable support
point force
stress
140
| Chapter 10
Getting Started
In this tutorial, you calculate a gear box shaft. The general way to
calculate an existing shaft is to define the contour and insert forces
and supports. The routine calculates all necessary values and draws
the respective graphs for moment and deflection.
First, you insert the initial drawing.
1 Open the file tut_ex10 in the acadm\tutorial folder.
Toolbutton
Open
Menu
Command
OPEN
Command
ZOOM
Command
ZOOM
Getting Started
141
Command
AMSHAFTCALC
142
| Chapter 10
143
144
| Chapter 10
3 Choose OK.
4 Select the Point Load icon, and respond to the prompts as follows:
Point Load
Insertion point: Select the midpoint of the profile section, as shown in
the following figure
Specify an rotation angle: Press ENTER
145
6 Choose OK.
7 Select the Torque icon, and respond to the prompt as follows:
Torsion Moment
Insertion point: Select the midpoint of the profile section as shown in
the following figure
9 Choose OK.
You have finished specifying the boundary conditions, and you are
returned to the Shaft Calculation dialog box.
146
| Chapter 10
147
The result table gives you the most important information for your
calculated shaft such as safety factor, maximum deflection,
maximum stress, etc.
148
| Chapter 10
In This Chapter
Inserting a screw
connection
Copying a screw
connection with Power
Copy
Inserting a screw
connection with Power
Recall and performing a
screw calculation
Editing a screw
connection with Power
Edit
Inserting a hole
Inserting a pin
Hiding C-lines
Simplifying the
representation of
standard parts
11
149
Key Terms
Term
Definition
background
A contour that is covered by another contour or by objects that are lying behind
another contour, in the 3D sense. A background may be a foreground for an
additional contour.
C-line (construction
line)
A line that is infinite in both directions or infinite starting at a point which can be
inserted into the drawing area. You use C-lines to transfer important points (for
example, center points of bore holes) into other views or drawing areas.
countersink
A chamfered hole that allows bolt and screw heads to be flush or below the part
surface.
dynamic dragging
The act of determining the size of a standard part with the cursor while inserting
it into a side view. The standard part is displayed dynamically on the screen and
can be dragged to the next possible size and length. The values (sizes) are taken
from the Standard parts database.
Power Command
Summary term for Power Copy, Power Recall, Power Edit, Power Dimensioning,
Power Erase and Power View.
Power Copy
Power Edit
Power Erase
Command for deleting. Use Power Erase when you delete part reference numbers
or when you delete dimensions that were created with Power Dimensioning.
Power Recall
A command that lets you click an existing drawing object and places you in the
correct command for creating that object.
Power View
A tool where you can quickly and easily create a standard part top view from a
side view.
representation
150
Getting Started
First, insert the initial drawing.
1 Open the file tut_ex11 in the acadm\tutorial folder.
Toolbutton
Open
Menu
Command
OPEN
Command
ZOOM
Getting Started
151
Command
AMSCREWCON
152
3 In the Please select a Screw dialog box, select Socket Head Types.
153
154
155
156
Command
AMPOWERCOPY
157
Command
ZOOM
Command
ZOOM
158
Power Recall
Menu
Command
AMPOWERRECALL
159
6 In the Screw Connection - Front View dialog box, delete the ISO
273 normal hole by clicking the Delete (X) button to the right of
the ISO 273 normal field.
NOTE You have to delete the ISO 273 hole from the screw
connection, because otherwise, the built-in intelligence would prevent
the selection of a countersink screw since it doesn t match with the
ISO 273 through hole.
160
161
12 Choose OK.
13 In the Screw Connection dialog box, the calculation has marked
M4. Choose the Finish button.
162
163
Command
AMPOWEREDIT
3 In the Screw Connection dialog box, delete the ISO 273 normal
hole by clicking the delete (X) button to the right of the ISO 273
normal field.
4 In the Screw Connection dialog box, choose the Screw button.
Then Countersink Head Type, ISO 10642, and Front View.
5 In the Screw Connection dialog box, choose the upper Hole
button. Then Holes, Countersinks, ISO 7721.
6 Select M4 and choose the Finish button.
164
165
Command
ZOOM
Command
ZOOM
166
Command
AMPOWERVIEW
167
The top view of the screw connection is inserted into the top view
of the coverplate. Your drawing should look like this:
NOTE Since you made the Power View to a screw connection, you
can insert a top view of the screw connection. If you select a screw
that is not part of a screw assembly, you can insert a top view or a
bottom view.
6 Repeat steps 4 and 5 to insert the top view of the screw at the
other three centerline crosses of the top view of the coverplate.
The coverplate should look like this:
168
Command
AMPOWERERASE
The screw connection is deleted and the lines and hatch are
restored. Your drawing should look like this:
Inserting a Hole
Now, you replace the previously deleted screw connection with a
pin. Insert a blind hole for the pin.
1 Start the Blind Hole command.
Toolbutton
Blind Holes
Menu
Command
AMBHOLE
Inserting a Hole
169
2 In the Select a Blind Hole dialog box, select acc. to ISO 273 and
Front View.
3 Respond to the prompts as follows:
Specify insertion point: Specify point P1
Specify rotation angle: Specify point P2
4 In the acc. to ISO 273 - Nominal Diameter dialog box, select a size
of 5, and choose the Finish button.
170
Inserting a Pin
Now, insert a pin into the blind hole.
1 Start the Cylindrical Pins command.
Toolbutton
Cylindrical Pins
Menu
Command
AMCYLPIN
2 In the Select a Cylindrical Pin dialog box, select ISO 2338 and
Front View.
3 Respond to the prompts as follows:
Specify insertion point: Specify point P1
Specify rotation angle: Specify point P2
Inserting a Pin
171
Hiding C-Lines
For a better overview, you can hide the C-lines by turning them off
temporarily.
1 Zoom to the extents of the drawing.
Toolbutton
Zoom Extents
Menu
Command
ZOOM
Command
AMCLINEO
172
Command
AMSTDPREP
173
174
Chain Calculation
In This Chapter
12
Performing a length
calculation
Inserting Sprockets
Inserting a Chain
175
Key Terms
Term
Definition
partition
pitch diameter
The diameter of the pitch circle that passes through the centers of the link pins as
the chain is wrapped on the sprocket.
roller chain
A roller chain is made up of two kinds of links: roller links and pin links alternately
and evenly spaced throughout the length of the chain.
sprocket
A toothed wheel that transfers the power from the chain to the shaft or the other
way round.
176
Chain Calculation
NOTE The ISO standard part standard has to be installed for this
tutorial exercise.
Getting Started
First, load the initial drawing.
1 Open the file tut_ex12 in the acadm\tutorial folder.
Toolbutton
Open
Menu
Command
OPEN
Command
ZOOM
| 177
points.
Command
AMCHAINLENGTHCAL
2 In the Belt and Chain Length Calculation dialog box, choose the
Library button.
5 Choose OK.
178
6 In the Belt and Chain Length Calculation dialog box, choose OK,
and respond to the prompts as follows:
Specify 1st point for tangent or [Undo] <exit>: Select circle a at
point 1
Specify 2nd point for tangent: Select circle c at point 2
Specify 1st point for tangent or [Undo] <exit>: Select circle c at
point 3
Specify 2nd point for tangent: Select circle b at point 4
Specify 1st point for tangent or [Undo] <exit>: Select circle b at
point 5
Specify 2nd point for tangent: Select circle a at point 6
Specify 1st point for tangent or [Undo] <exit>: Press ENTER
Select circle to store tangents: Select circle a
| 179
Command
AMCHAINLENGTHCAL
3 Choose OK.
4 Respond to the prompts as follows:
Select pulleys or sprockets to be moved.
Select objects: Select the relocated circle b
Select objects: Press ENTER
Specify direction angle to move: Enter 90
Sprocket b is moved until a chain length of 122 links is achieved.
180
Inserting Sprockets
Now, insert the sprockets.
1 Start the Draw Sprocket/Pulley command.
Toolbutton
Draw Sprocket/Pulley
Menu
Command
AMSPROCKET
3 Choose OK.
Inserting Sprockets
| 181
Command
AMSPROCKET
7 Choose OK.
8 Respond to the prompts as follows:
Specify center of wheel: Select the center of circle b
With Centerlines <Yes>: Press ENTER
Insert part reference: Press ENTER
9 Start the Draw Sprocket/Pulley command again.
Toolbutton
Draw Sprocket/Pulley
182
Menu
Command
AMSPROCKET
11 Choose OK.
12 Respond to the prompts as follows:
Specify center of wheel: Select the center of circle a
With Centerlines <Yes>: Press ENTER
Insert part reference: Press ENTER
The last sprocket is inserted as a simplified representation with
only three teeth, as specified in the dialog box.
Now, your drawing looks like this:
Inserting Sprockets
| 183
Inserting a Chain
Finally, insert a chain.
1 Start the Draw Chain/Belt Links command.
Toolbutton
Menu
Command
AMCHAINDRAW
3 Choose OK.
4 Respond to the prompts as follows:
Select polyline and starting point: Select the polyline near point 9
Please wait ... calculating chains
Number of links in chain:122 Distance to next link: 0 mm
Please wait ... calculating chains
Is position of link correct [Y/N=Rotation] <Yes>: Press ENTER
Insert part reference: Press ENTER
The chain is inserted.
Your drawing looks like this:
184
Inserting a Chain
| 185
186
Calculating a Spring
In This Chapter
13
187
Key Terms
Term
Definition
belleville spring
washer
A washer-type spring that can sustain relatively large loads with small deflections.
The loads and deflections can be increased by stacking the springs.
compression spring
A spring type that can be compressed and can absorb pressure forces.
dynamic dragging
The act of determining the size of a standard part with the cursor while inserting
the part into a side view. The standard part is displayed dynamically on the
screen and can be dragged to the next possible size and length. The values (sizes)
are taken from the Standard parts database.
extension spring
Power Copy
Power Edit
torsion spring
188
Calculating a Spring
With the AutoCAD Mechanical Power Pack spring function, you
can insert compression, extension, torsion, and Belleville washer
springs. The calculation is carried out in accordance with DIN 2098
or ANSI. The standard sizes of the springs can be selected from DIN
Getting Started
In this tutorial, you create a compression spring in two different
compression situations. You calculate and insert the spring in an
existing drawing.
First, you insert the initial drawing.
1 Open the file tut_ex13 in the acadm\tutorial folder.
Toolbutton
Open
Menu
Command
OPEN
Command
ZOOM
Getting Started
| 189
The drawing shows two views (A and B) of the lever and spring
housing, to reflect two different states of compression.
Command
AMSPRING
190
3 Choose OK.
4 Respond to the prompts as follows:
Specify starting point or [Existing Spring]: Specify point P1, as shown
in the following figure
Specify direction: Specify point P2
| 191
2 Choose Next.
Now, you specify the geometric boundary conditions.
3 In the Compression Springs - Select dialog box, select the options
as shown below, and click the < button to the right of the Da <=
field.
192
| 193
194
| 195
2 Drag the cursor until the spring SPEC 0.059 x 0.480 x 1.5
appears on the command line. Select the spring.
The Compression Spring - Drawing dialog box is displayed.
196
Command
AMPOWERCOPY
| 197
198
Menu
Command
AMPOWEREDIT
| 199
200
In This Chapter
14
201
Key Terms
Term
Definition
distributed force
FEA
fixed support
load
movable support
Power Edit
stress
202
2D FEA
Getting Started
Design sophistication in the area of mechanical engineering and
construction is increasing. Therefore, the calculations relating to
these designs have to be performed using more advanced tools in
order to assure reliability.
To determine the stability and durability of a given structure under
various loading situations, you need to observe the stress and
deformation in the components while they are being loaded. A
structure is considered to be durable if the maximum stress is less
than what the material permits.
Various computational methods have been developed for
calculating deformation and stress conditions. One of these
methods is called the Finite Element Analysis.
The knowledge gained from this stress rating may lead to changing
the structure in certain areas, which in turn necessitates changes to
the design.
The FEA routine uses its own layer group for input and output.
Note that FEA is not designed for solving all special FEA tasks. Its
purpose is to provide you with a quick idea of the stress and
deformation distributions.
NOTE The ISO standard part standard has to be installed for this
tutorial exercise.
Command
OPEN
Command
ZOOM
Getting Started
| 203
Command
AMFEA2D
204
6 Choose Table, and select the material from your preferred standard
table:
Select Al. alloys die-cast if you prefer to use ANSI materials.
Select AlMg5F25 if you prefer to use DIN materials.
NOTE The results will differ slightly from the tutorial, depending on
the selected material.
| 205
206
| 207
After calculation, the support forces are displayed near the support
symbol.
208
After this step, you get a refined mesh at the specified points.
Recalculate the stress representation.
2 Choose the isolines (isoareas) button.
3 In the FEA 2D Isolines (Isoareas) dialog box, choose the Graphic
Representation button on the right, and choose OK.
| 209
4 Start Power Edit to change the radius, and respond to the prompt
as follows:
Toolbutton
Power Edit
Menu
Command
AMPOWEREDIT
210
6 Choose OK.
Select objects: Press ENTER to cancel the command
The radius of the fillet is changed to 10.
Command
AMFEA2D
| 211
Insertion point: To the right of the part, select a suitable location for
the table
<Return>: Press ENTER to return to the dialog box
The result looks like this:
212
| 213
214
Index
calculate results...................................207
calculation result block .......................122
cam......................................................104
cam configuration ...............................106
cam geometry......................................111
cam plate calculations.........................106
cam plates and cylindrical cams .........105
centerline...............................................34
chain....................................................184
chamfer .......................................126, 131
change representation .........................173
C-line ............................................14, 150
C-line options........................................19
collect balloon.......................................79
compression spring .....................188, 190
construction geometry...........................14
construction lines ....................14, 17, 150
contour ..................................................21
copy objects ..........................................58
countersink..........................................150
countersunk .................................161, 164
B
background ................................. 150, 156
balloon ............................................ 62, 67
base layer .................................... 6, 50, 86
base layer group.................................. 100
baseline dimension ............................... 34
bearing calculation...................... 126, 127
belleville spring washer ...................... 188
bill of material ...................................... 62
blind hole ............................................ 156
BOM attribute....................................... 62
BOM database ...................................... 65
215
cross-hatching....................................... 26
current layer.......................................... 59
curve path ................................... 104, 111
cylindrical pins ................................... 171
cylindrical shaft section ...................... 129
gear..............................................126, 140
geometric tolerance...............................34
graphic representation.........................207
E
edit balloon ........................................... 72
edit part list ........................................... 72
edit part reference ................................. 65
editing dimensions................................ 39
effective loads..................................... 144
exact match ......................................... 192
extension spring.................................. 188
F
FEA............................................. 202, 203
FEA calculation .................................. 204
feature control frame ...................... 44, 45
feature control frame symbol................ 34
feature identifier symbol....................... 34
fillet....................................... 23, 126, 131
filters..................................................... 81
fit .......................................................... 34
216
Index
H
hiding c-lines.......................................172
I
initial spring length .............................193
inserting a pin......................................171
L
layer group ..................................6, 50, 86
layer groups...........................................53
layout ..............................................86, 87
library............................................14, 178
load......................116, 121, 140, 202, 205
M
material ...............................................120
mechanical options .................................9
merge ....................................................75
model space...........................................87
moment of inertia........116, 117, 140, 202
movable line support...........................205
movable support..................................121
move to another group ..........................55
move to another layer ...........................52
movement diagram .............................104
movement sections......................104, 108
multi edit .........................................34, 41
multiple balloon ....................................67
N
NC data .......................................104, 112
O
optimization ........................................180
optimize chain length..........................180
P
part layers ......................................... 6, 50
part reference .................................. 62, 64
parts list........................................... 62, 71
perform calculations ........................... 204
point force................................... 116, 140
point load ............................................ 145
Power Commands................... 14, 39, 150
Power Copy ................ 150, 157, 188, 197
Power Dimensioning .... 14, 27, 34, 86, 95
Power Edit ..150, 164, 188, 198, 202, 210
Power Erase .............. 35, 39, 76, 150, 168
Power Pack ............................................. 2
Power Recall............................... 150, 158
power snap settings............................. 127
Power View ................................ 150, 166
precalculation...................................... 161
projecting edges.................................... 24
R
radius reflection line ........................... 126
recalculate stress representation ......... 209
recalculating stress division................ 211
refined mesh ....................................... 209
representation...................................... 150
resolution ............................................ 104
S
scale area......................................... 86, 88
scale monitor......................................... 86
screw assembly grip representation.... 155
screw connection ................................ 152
screw diameter estimation .................. 161
Selection Set ......................................... 60
set value ................................................ 73
shaft break................................... 126, 132
shaft calculation.......................... 141, 142
shaft contour ....................................... 141
shaft generator .................... 126, 127, 141
shaft generator configuration.............. 128
shaft section ........................................ 134
side view ............................................. 166
side view of the shaft .......................... 133
simplified representation .................... 173
snap settings..........................................16
sort parts list..........................................80
specifying material..............................143
spline profile .......................................130
split........................................................75
spring ..................................................189
spring layout .......................................192
spring representation...........................196
standard parts ......................................151
standard parts library ..........................174
starting layer ...........................................8
step width ............................................104
stress............................................140, 202
support forces......................................208
supports .......................................121, 205
surface texture symbol ....................35, 43
symbolic..............................................174
T
template.........................................6, 7, 10
thread ..................................................134
title block ........................................35, 47
tolerance................................................35
top view...............................................166
torque ..................................................146
torsion moment ...................................146
torsion spring ......................................188
transition .............................................108
translation............................................180
U
uniform load........................................121
user through hole ..................................93
V
velocity........................................104, 107
velocity and acceleration calculation..110
view scale..............................................86
viewport ....................................86, 87, 91
viewport auto create..............................89
visibility enhancement ..........................58
W
working layer ..............................6, 50, 86
Index
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