GII MU THI CUI K GII TCH 1

Bn quyn thuc v Ngn Hng Thi H Bch Khoa HCM

Cu 1

Kho st v v th hm s:
x2

y = (x2 + 1)e 2

1.1

Hng dn gii

- Tp xc nh ca hm s: D = R
- o hm ca hm s:
x2

x2

x2

y 0 = 2xe 2 + (x2 + 1)(x)e 2 = e 2 (x3 + x)

y 0 = 0 x3 x = 0 x(x2 1) = 0 x = 0 x = 1
x2

- Ta thy, du ca y 0 ch ph thuc vo du ca (x3 + x) do hm e 2 lun

ln hn 0 vi mi x R.
- Bng bin thin:
x

y0

1
+

2
e

y
0

2
e

- Kt lun:
+ Hm s ng bin trn: (, 1] [0, 1]
+ Hm s nghch bin trn: [1, 0] [1, +)
+ Hm s t cc i ti x = 1 v x = 1 v yC =
+ Hm s t cc tiu ti x = 0 v yCT = 1
- Tm im un:
x2

x2

2
e

x2

y 00 = (x)e 2 (x3 + x) + e 2 (3x2 + 1) = e 2 (x4 4x2 + 1)

1

q
q

y = 0 x 4x + 1 = 0 x = 2 3 x = 2 + 3
00

- Bng xt im un v dng th:

p
p
p
p

x 2 + 3 2 3 2 3
2+ 3
y 00

- Cc im m lm cho y 00 i du l cc im un.
- Cc khong m lm cho y 00 mang du (+) tc l lm, du () l li.
- Cc im c bit dng v th:
q

2+ 3
x = 2 + 3 y = (3 + 3)e 2 0, 7322
1

x = 1 y = 2e 2 1, 2131
q

2 3
x = 2 3 y = (3 3)e 2 1, 1090
x=0y=1
q

2 3
x = 2 3 y = (3 3)e 2 1, 1090
q

2+ 3
x = 2 + 3 y = (3 + 3)e 2 0, 7322
- TIM CN NG: Hm s khng c tim cn ng do hm s xc nh
vi mi x thuc R
- TIM CN XIN:
2

a = lim (x + 1)e
x

x2

1
x2 + 1
= lim
=0
x x xe x22
x2

b = lim (x2 + 1)e 2 = lim

x

x2 + 1
x2

e2

Nh vy y = 0 l Tim cn ngang ca th hm s.
- th hm s:

=0

Cu 2

Tnh th tch vt th to ra khi quay min D gii hn bi y = 1, y =

x2 + 2x, x = 0, x = 3 quanh trc Oy.

2.1
2.1.1

Hng dn gii
Cch 1:

- Thay x = 3 vo phng trnh y = x2 + 2x y(3) = 15

- Ta s tnh c th tch vt th cn tnh bng cch ly th tch hnh tr
(bng cch xoay hnh ch nht gii hn bi x = 0, x = 3, y = 1, y = 15
quay trc Oy) tr cho khi lm gii hn bi y = 15, y = x2 + 2x.
- Ta bin i biu thc:
y = x2 + 2x y = (x + 1)2 1 y + 1 = (x + 1)2
p
p
x= y+11x= y+11
- Nh vy, th tch vt th cn tnh l:
Z 15
Z
2
VOy =
(3 0) dy
1

15

p
( y + 1 1)2 dy

15

p
= 9y|15

(y
+
2

2
y + 1)dy
1
0
 2

Z 15 p
y
15
= 144
+ 2y |0 + 2
y + 1dy
2
1
3
285 4
285
171
= 144
+
(y + 1) 2 |15
+ 84 =
0 = 144
2
3
2
2
3

2.1.2

Cch 2:

- Hoc c th dng nh l sau y:

- Nh vy ta d dng c:
Z 3
Z 3
2
VOy = 2
x[(x + 2x) (1)] = 2
(x3 + 2x2 + x)dx
0


= 2

x4 2x3 x2
+
+
4
3
2

|30 =

171
2

Cu 3

Cho tch phn

Z
I=
2

dx

(xm 1) 2x2 5x + 2

Tm m tch phn I hi t v tnh tch phn khi m = 1.

3.1

Hng dn gii

- Do x = 2 lm cho biu thc trong du tch phn khng xc nh. Nn y

l tch phn bt nh loi 1 v 2.
- Tch ra thnh 2 tch phn sau:
Z 3
Z +
dx
dx

I=
+
= I1 + I2
m
2
m
(x 1) 2x2 5x + 2
2 (x 1) 2x 5x + 2
3
- Xt tch phn I1 sau:
Z 3
Z 3
dx
dx

q
=


m
2
2 (x 1) 2x 5x + 2
2 (xm 1) 2 x 1 (x 2)
2
+ Khi x 2+ :
1
1
q

1


m
3(2 1)(x 2) 2
(xm 1) 2 x 12 (x 2)
+
thy vi mi m 6= 0 (lu v hm s ch xc nh khi m 6= 0). Th
Nhn
m
3(2 1) lun l hng.
+ Do thy = 12 < 1 I1 hi t (y l tch phn suy rng loi 2).
- Xt tch phn I2 :
Z +
dx

I2 =
(xm 1) 2x2 5x + 2
3
+ Khi x + ta xt cc trng hp ca m nh sau:
* Khi m < 0, ta xt hm dng sau:
(1

xm )

1
1

2
2x 5x + 2
2x

= 1 I2 phn k I phn k
* Khi m = 0: khng xt v lm hm s khng xc nh Khng c tch
phn.
* Khi m > 0, ta c:
(xm

1
1

2
1) 2x 5x + 2
2xm+1
5

+ Nh vy khi m > 0 th ta thy m + 1 > 1 I2 hi t.

- Kt lun:
+ Do I1 hi t nn I hi t th ch ph thuc vo I2 . Suy ra, I hi t khi
m > 0.
- Tnh tch phn khi m = 1:
Z +
2

dx

(x 1) 2x2 5x + 2

+ t:

1
1
dx = 2 dt
t
t

x1=

+ Tch phn tng ng vi:

Z 0
Z +
dx

q
=
(x 1) 2x2 5x + 2
1 1
2
2
t
Z
=
0

dt

q
=
t t22 1t 1

+ t:
t+

1
t2
1
t

dt

=
2 t t2

+1
Z

2

3
3
1
= sin u dt = cos udu
2
2
2

3
2

arcsin

1
3

cos udu

1
= arcsin
2
3
cos u

3
2

Cu 4

Gii phng trnh:

a) y 0

xy
arcsin x + x
=
2
1x
1 x2

b) y 00 2y 0 8y = 3e4x
6

+1 +2

dt
q

+ Tch phn tr thnh:

Z

dt
1
t

9
4

t+

1 2
2

4.1

Hng dn gii

4.1.1

Cu a
y0

xy
arcsin x + x
x
arcsin x + x
=
y0
y=
2
2
2
1x
1x
1x
1 x2

- t:
P (x) =

x
1 x2

v Q(x) =

arcsin x + x
1 x2

- Nghim tng qut ca phng trnh l:


Z R
R
P (x)dx
P (x)dx
Q(x)dx + C
y=e
e
R

P (x)dx:
Z
Z
x
1
1
x
d(1 x2 )

dx
=
= ln|1 x2 |
P (x) =
2
2
2
1x
1x
2
1x
2

- Tnh tch phn

- Thay vo nghim tng qut ta c:

Z

1
2|
21 ln|1x2 |
ln|1x
y=e
e2
Q(x)dx + C
1
=
1 x2

- Ta c:



Z
arcsin
x
+
x
1
arcsin
x
+
x

dx + C
1 x2
dx + C =
1 x2
1 x2
1 x2
Z 


1
arcsin x
x

=
+
dx + C
1 x2
1 x2
1 x2

Z

Z
arcsin x
1

dx = arcsin xd(arcsin x) = arcsin2 x

2
1 x2
Z
Z

x
1
d(1 x2 )

dx =
= 1 x2
2
1 x2
1 x2

- Vy nghim ca phng trnh l:




1
1
2
2
y=
arcsin x 1 x + C
1 x2 2

4.1.2

Cu b
y 00 2y 0 8y = 3e4x

- Phng trnh c trng:

k 2 2k 8 = 0 k1 = 2 k2 = 4
- Nghim ca phng trnh thun nht:
y0 = C1 e2x + C2 e4x
- Ta c:
f (x) = 3e4x = Pn (x)ex Pn bc 0; = 4
- Nghim ring ca phng trnh khng thun nht c dng:
yr = xs ex Qn (x)
+ Trong :
s = 1(do = 4 l nghim n ca phng trnh c trng)
Qn (x) = A(cng bc vi Pn (x))
+ Vy:
yr = Axe4x
yr0 = Ae4x + 4Axe4x
yr00 = 8Ae4x + 16Axe4x
+ Suy ra:
8yr = 8Axe4x
2yr0 = 2Ae4x 8Axe4x
yr00 = 8Ae4x + 16Axe4x
+ Cng 2 v li ta c:
yr00 2yr0 8yr = 6Ae4x
+ Ta c:
3e4x = 6Ae4x A =

1
2

- Vy nghim tng qut ca phng trnh l:

1
y = y0 + yr = C1 e2x + C2 e4x + xe4x
2
8

Cu 5

Gii h phng trnh:

(
x0 (t) = 3x 3y + 4et + 12t (1)
y 0 (t) = 4x 5y + 8et + 8t (2)

5.1

Hng dn gii

5.1.1

Phng php kh

- Ly 4 (1) 3 (2), ta c:
4x0 (t) 3y 0 (t) = 3y 8et + 24t 4x0 (t) = 3y 0 + 3y 8et + 24t (3)
- o hm 2 v ca phng trnh (2) theo t, ta c:
y 00 (t) = 4x0 5y 0 + 8et + 8 (4)
- Thay (3) vo (4), ta c:
y 00 (t) = 2y 0 + 3y + 24t + 8 y 00 + 2y 0 3y = 24t + 8
+ Phng trnh c trng:
k 2 + 2k 3 = 0 k1 = 3 k2 = 1
+ Nghim ca phng trnh thun nht:
y0 = C1 e3t + C2 et
+ Ta c:
f (t) = 24t + 8 = Pn (t)et
+ Suy ra Pn (t) bc 1 v = 0
+ Nh vy nghim ring ca phng trnh khng thun nht c dng:
yr = ts Qn (t)et
s = 0 (do = 0 khng l nghim n ca phng trnh c trng).
Qn (t) = At + B (Qn (t) cng bc vi Pn (t)).
+ Vy:
yr = At + B
9

yr0 = A
yr00 = 0
+ Suy ra:
3yr = 3At 3B
2yr0 = 2A
yr00 = 0
+ Cng cc v li ta c:
yr00 + 2yr0 3yr = 3At + 2A 3B
+ Ta c:
(
3A = 24
24t + 8 = 3At + 2A 3B
2A 3B = 8

(
A = 8

B = 8

- Vy ta c nghim tng qut:

y(t) = C1 e3t + C2 et 8t 8
y 0 (t) = 3C1 e3t + C2 et 8
+ Thay y(t) v y 0 (t) vo phng trnh (2), ta c:
3C1 e3t + C2 et 8 = 4x 5(C1 e3t + C2 et 8t 8) + 8et + 8t
4x = 2C1 e3t + 6C2 et 48t 8et 48
3
1
x(t) = C1 e3t + C2 et 12t 2et 12
2
2
- Vy nghim ca h phng trnh l:
(
x(t) = 21 C1 e3t + 32 C2 et 12t 2et 12
y(t) = C1 e3t + C2 et 8t 8
- kim chng li nghim ca h ng hay khng, ta thay cc nghim
tng ng ny vo h, sao cho 2 v bng nhau l c.

10