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80I=I+

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120 PRINT " NUMBER

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140 PRINT "
150 END

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40I=2

50S=N+l
60W=2

70R=N-I*INT(N/I)
80 tF R = 0THEN PRINTI, :S = S + I : W=W+
90 I=I+1
100 IF I < = N/2 THEN GOTO 70
I lO PRINT N
120 PRINT

130PRINT"SUM=";S
140PRINT"NUMBER-";W
150T=TIMER-T
160 PRINT " TIME = "
I70 END

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70
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10
20
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40
50
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T=TIMER
INPUT N
M=INT(SQR(N))

IF M*M=N THEN PRINT M : M= M-l


I=1

R=N-l*INT(N /I)
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90 IF I<=M THEN GOTO 60


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IO

END

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A(T)e-A(T+
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tn

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YIY

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fj

st al o{.tfJl

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www.ketabz.com

&P-\
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P<-l-Y
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Of,,ap

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f1?

-\Y. .
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I+-l+l -\ A. .

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K<-K+1

JeJ+1

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