fudagr r: oekqu -3

fudagr r: fmg%,a
tkaka
fudagr r: kqu-03

Wankel Rotary Engine

't't'oikdhl

fudagr r: fmg%,a tkaka

frdg Tfgda ix.uh u.ska YS% ,dxlSl

fudagr ldrlhska oekqj;a lsug fhdod .;a udr.
lsysmhlau f' i;sm;d m%pdrh jqkq .=jka ,s jev
igyka" fkdf,a mj;ajk ,o iuka;%K" udisl
;dCIl ird m< lsu" iy Wiia fudagr r: ;dCIKh
ms<sn|j isxyf,ka .%ka: m< lsu" wka;rcd,fha ;dCIK fj
wvhla mj;ajdf.k hdu " mqj;a m;a u.ska ;dCIK ,sms bm;a
lsu bka lsysmhls' fuhg wu;rj kqf.af.dv" frdg Tfgda
f%kska wdh;kh u.ska mj;ajkq ,nk Wiia fudagr r: ;dCIsl
mdGud,djkao f' oekg kk fudagr r: j, fhfok Wiia
fudagr r: ;dCIK ms<n
s |j mdGud,djka mj;ajk tlu wdh;kho
fuh f' fuu.ska YS% ,xld .=jka yuqodj" YS% ,xld jrdh wldh
jeks wdh;kj,g mjd wms Wiia ;dCIK mdGud,d ,nd fokafkuq'
rdcH fkdjk ixOdkhla f,i mj;ajdf.k hkq
,enqj;a wm ix.ufha we;s tlu fYaI;ajh foaYSh fyda foaYSh
wdh;khlska tfukau rcfhka fyda lsisu wdOdrhla fkd,nd ;ks
mqoa., hofuka by; fiajdjka ish,a, mj;ajdf.k hduhs' fuu
W;aidyhka ;=,ska wm n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka mirhg msgfjk
I u wju lsug kk r:j, fhdod we;s m.Kl md,kfhka
hq;a ixlSrK tIka fldkafg%da,a moaO;s ms<sn|j ldrlhska
oekqj;a lr Tjqka w;ska tu moaO;s j,g ish yels ydks j<lajk
w;ru tajd fyd| ls%hdld;ajfhka hq;=j mj;ajd .ekquhs' wm
ix.uh u.ska ouq;= ;dCIsl m%ldYk wdh;kh msysgjkq ,enqf
ldrlhska fj; tu oekqu uqs; udOHfhka ,ndugh' f hgf;a
wm wdrN l, fudagr ldrl oekqu fmd;a fm< u.ska
fYaIfhkau W;aidy f.k we;af;a foaYSh ldrlhska yg wjYH
tu ;dCIl oekqu Tjqkg jgyd.; yels wdldrhg b;du;a
ir, f,iska isxyf,ka ,nduhs' f tu jHdmamD;sfha f;jk
W;aidyhhs'
wOHCI$ frdg Tfgda ix.uh'

fuu fj wvfha tkaka fglafkdf,d hgf;a bm;a lr we;s ishu fj msgqj, wvx.= ish lreKq
fuu fudagr r: fmg%,a tkaka hk .%ka:fhka Wmqgd .kakd ,' f hgf;a kk fmg%,a tkaka ksrudK fukau tajdfha
fiajdjkao bm;a lr we;s w;r idudkH isjqmyr " fomyr tkaka isg jkal,a frdg tkaka olajd ia;r lr
;sf'

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

fudagr r: oekqu -3

 

01 jk mfoh

tkaula hkq l=ulao@

 

fudagr r: fmg%,a tkaka

iEu tkaulskau isjkafka ;dm Yla;sh hdka;% Yla;shg

yeruhs' ta i|yd wjYH ;dmh bkaOk oefuka isfjhs' fuf,i
ksmojqkq tkaka jr. rdYshlau Nd;fha we;s kuq;a ta w;=ka
tkaula f,i uq,skau ykajd ka yqud, iy f;aka jeks .Eia
u.ska ls%hdl, tkaka wo imQrKfhkau Nd;fhka bj;aj ;sfnk
w;r i,a iy fmg%,a bkaOk f,i fhdod .kakd tkaka jr.
muKla Nd;fha mj;S' fuu fmg%,a tkaka fndfyduhla iq
klrK u.ska LP .Eia u.skao ls%hdlru isfjhs'

yqud,h

frdaoh

hka;%

iQ;% ls%hdlru i|yd wjYH pd,l Yla;sh ,nd

.kakd tla Wmdx.hla f,i tkau wmg yekah yelsh' ta wkqj
fudagrhlska ,nd .kakd ldrhhg iudk ldrhhla tkaulskao is
fjhs' fudagrh ls%hdlrug ,sh wjYH jkjdfiau tkaula
ls%hdlrug bkaOk u wjYHfjhs'
fudagrhlska fukau tkaulskao is jkafka N%uk
p,s;hla ,nd .ekqu jqj;a fudagrhla fhdok iEu ia:dkhlgu
tkaula fhu;a tkaula fhdok iEu ia:dkhlgu fudagrhla
fhu;a l, fkdyels fjhs' we;e ldrhhka lsysmhla i|yd
muKla f folu fhdod .; yelsh' ksoiqkla f,i ,s|la biSug
fhdod .kakd j;=r fmdmhla fudagrhlska fukau tkaulskao
ls%hdlrh yelsh' tfy;a uyk ueIsula iS,ska *Eka tlla jeks
fohla tkaulska ls%hdlru wmyiqh' tkaulska msgfjk I
msgdr jdhqj" Yoh" mk .ekaf wmyiq;djh" ksIamdok hou
by< hdu" fhdod .ekSf wmyiq;djh jeks lreKq rdYshla ta
fjkqfjka fmkajd h yelsh'
hdka;S%l ls%hdj,shla ,nd.; hq;= iEu wjia:djla i|ydu
tkaula fhdod .; fkdyelsjdla fukau fndfyda p,k lsh
% dld;ajhka
i|yd fudagrho fhdod.; fkdyels fjhs' fYaIfhkau c,fha"
.+jfkaa fukau f.dvu Odjkh jk ishu hdk jdyk fudagr
fhdod .ekqu wmyiq wjia:d f,i oelah yel' tajd fudagr u.ska
ls%hdlrh fkdyels m%Odk;u fya;=j ta i|yd wjYH Yd, ,s
Odrdjka msg;ska ,ndu wmyiq uhs' tfy;a ksh; udr.hl .uka
lrk ksid h Odjkh i|yd muKla ,s fudagr fhdod .ekqu
isfjhs' flfia kuq;a ,s fudagr iys; jdyk iq jYfhka oelsh
yels kuq;a tyso ,sh ksmojd .ekqug tkaulao Nd;d fjhs'

wo Nd;d jk tkaka ish,a, wNHka;r oyk tkaka

(Internal combustion engine) f,i yekajj
q ;a we;a;jYfhkau
tu yekau t;r iqiq fkdfjhs' wdrNfha lrudka; Yd,d iy
h i|yd fhdod .;a yqud, tkau ls%hdlrug wjYH yqud,h
,nd .ekqug .,a w=re fyda or oykh lr c,h r;a lsu
tkaug mndysrj isjqkq w;r miqj ksmojqkq fmg%,a tkau
ls%hdlrug bkaOk oykh tkau ;=,u isjqks' f wkqj fuu
tkaka fojr.h fjkalr ykd .ekqug fmg%,a tkau wNHka;r
oyk tkau f,i;a tkafuka mndysrj
kaOk
bka
oykh isl, yqud, tkau ndysr oyk
oykh
tkau f,i;a jr. flre' tfy;a fuu
ndys r oyk tka ka Nd;fhka
msig
a ka
imQrKfhkau bj;aj f.dia Y;l
.Kkdjla jk neka oekg Nd;fha we;s
tkaka wNHka;r oyk tkaka f,i ;j
rg;a yekau lsis fia;au wjYH
wNHka;r oyk
tkacu
s
fkdjkakls' ukao ndysr oyk tkaka

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

msig
a kh

c,h
.skoa r

ndysr oyk tkaula jk yqud, tkau

fudagr r: oekqu -3

 

imQrKfhkau bj;aj f.dia we;s w;r wo fhdod .kakd ishu

tkaka wNHka;r oyk tkaka f,i ksrudKh jk neks'

msiagka

frdagrh

frdgrs tkacsul ksrudKh

frisfm%dflak
s a
tkacu
s l ksru
dKh

 

fudagr r: fmg%,a tkaka

iy fomyr (4 stroke & 2 stroke) f,i uq,slj jr. follg

fnfok w;r fuys myrla hkq msiagkh is,skavr fndarh ;=, my<
isg by<g fyda by< isg my<g .uka lrk tla .ukaa jdrhls'
f fojr.h w;r we;s m%Odk fjki isjq myr iys; tkaka j,
msiagkh by< my< hk jdr 4 lg tla n, myrla f,io fomyr
tkaka j, msiagkh by< tk iEu jdrhlu tk myr follg
jrla n, myrla we;s lsuhs' tfy;a f w;=ka fomyr tkaka
fudagr r: j,ska imQrKfhkau bj;aj we;s w;r wo th fudagr
ihsl,a iy ;S% ,r jeks ieye,a r:j, muKla fhdod .efkhs'
fudagr r:j,ska fuu fomyr tkaka bj;aj hdug tla fya;=jla
jQfha tys iafkayk f;,a fmg%,a iu Y%lr ,ndu ;=,ska msgdr
jdhqf Iu wju lsu wmyiq uhs' f wkqj tla tla rgj,a
u.ska ;u rgj,g wdkhk lrk r: i|yd mkjd we;s msgdr
Ijdhq m%;sY; m%;s w.hka blaujd hdu ksid fomyr tkaka
imQrKfhkau fudagr r:j,ska bj;aj ;sfnhs'

frdgrs iy frisfm%dflaka tkacska ksrudK

tkaul uQ,sl ls%hdld;ajh wdldr follg is fjhs'
fuys grnhska iy jkal,a tk frdg tkaka j, ;dm Yla;sh
pd,l Yla;sh njg yrjk msiagkh fjkqjg ls%hdlrk frdgrh
tlu w;g jD;a;dldr f,i ls%hd lrk w;r thska grnhska tkaka
wo .=jka hdkd iy Yd, oHq;a ckl i|yd muKla iSud mj;S'
frdg tkaka wo fudagr r: i|yd fhdod .ekqko ta b;d
jYfhks' fuys wfkl=;a jr.h frisfm%dflaka (Reciprocating)
tkaka kka ye|skafjhs' tys ;dm Yla;sh pd,l Yla;sh njg
yrjk msiagka by< my< ls%hdlsu ksid fuu ku thg fhdod
;sfnhs' tkaf is,skavr yria w;g ij we;ak fuu p,kh
by< my< fkdj ;sria w;g tyd fuyd ls%hd;aul fjhs' fuf,i
;ria f,i fyda ;ria f,i .uka lrk p,kh jD;a;dldr
p,khlg m;a lsu is jkafka or l| (Crankshaft) u.sks'
flfia fyda wo fudagr r: j, fukau wfkl=;a hka;% iQ;% ls%hdlru
i|yd imQrKfhkau fhdod .efkkafka fuf,i msiagka by< my<
.uka lrk tkaka neka fjd frisfm%dflaka kka fjkalr
yekaugo t;r wjYH;djhla ke;' ukao wo Nd;djk
ishu tkaka fuu frisfm%dflaka jr.hg wh;a neks'
wo fudagr r:j, fhdod .kafka by;ska ia;r l,
wNHka;r oyk iys; frisfm%dflaka jr.fha tkaka jqj;a ;j
rg;a tajd m%Odk jr. lsysmhlg fn hhs' fuu tkaka isjq myr

fudagr r: tkaka
fmg%,a fukau i,a hk
bkaOk foflkau ls%hdlrkq
,nhs' idudkHfhka nr
jdyk i|yd i,a tkaka
fhdod .efkk w;r
ieye,a r: i|yd fmg%,a
tka ka fhdod .efkhs '
tfy;a i,a bkaOkh f,ka
wvqu;a" tu tkaka j,ska
msg fjk I u fmg%,a
tkaka j,g jvd wju
u;a ksid wo ieye,a
jd;h
fudagr ldr iy jEka r:j,o
nyq
,j i,a tkau fhdod
grfnda pdcrhla
.efkhs'
i,a iy fmg%,a tkakaj, hdka;S%l ls%hdld;ajh tl
iudk jqj;a fuu tkaka fojr.h i|ydu ksmojk n,h WmrSu
whqrska mj;ajd .ekqug grfnda pdcr l%uh miqj fhdod .kakd ,'
idudkHfhka tkaulg wjg jd;h weo .ekSu is jkafka msiagkh
is,skavrh ;=, my<g .uka lsf we;sfjk la;h u.ska wjg
jd;h weo .ekqfuks' tk fuys is,skavr ;=,g jd;h .uka

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

fudagr r: oekqu -3

 

lrkafka wjg jd; mSvkh ksidfjks' f ksid fuu tkaka

Natural Aspirated engines f,i yekafjhs' idudkH
jHjydrfha NA Engine kka fl lr tajd ye|skafjhs' f
w;r grfnda l%ufha is jQfha tkaug weo.kakd jd;hu wu;r
f,dajrhla yryd mSvkh lr tkaka n,h je lsuhs' fuu
grfnda l%uh i,a iy fmg%,a tkaka fojr.h i|ydu tlf,i
fhdod .efkhs'
wdrNfha b;d ir, f,i ksrudKh jqkq fudagr r:
tkaka l%u l%ufhka bf,lafg%dksla md,khg;a bka fkdkej;S
mrs.Kl md,khg;a wo hg;aj mj;shs' tkacsul uq,skau
bf,lafg%dksla md,khg m;ajQfha tys b.aksIka moaO;shhs' th l%u
l%ufhka oshKq mrs.Kl md,k b.aksIka moaO;shla olajd hqKq
h' fuhg iu.d f,i tkaf ldhqfrgrh fjkqjg
bf,lafg%dksla md,k bkafclaIka moaO;so fhdod .ekqu fuys
ish' tho k;r jQfha wjidkfha m.Kl md,k bkafclaIka
moaO;s olajd hqKq fuks' f wkqj tkaf b.aksIka iy
bkafclaIka moaO;s i|yd m.Kl md,k tall folla fhdod
.ekqks' tfy;a wo fuu m.Kl folu ;ks tallhla njg m;alr
we;s w;r bkamiq fuu tkaka ykajkq ,enqf fudfg%dksla
(Motronic) tkaka hkqfjks'

 

fudagr r: fmg%,a tkaka

i,a tkakao wo m.Kl md,kfhka hq;a bf,lafg%dksla

md,k tall yryd md,kh fjhs' i,a tkaka i|yd fuf,i
bf,lafg%dksl ;dCIKh fhdod .ekSfuka tys .jkr md,kh;a
ghsur md,kh;a m.Kl md,kh olajd hqKq lr we;' fmg%,a

tkaka i|yd bf,lafg%dksla ;dCIKh fhdod .ekSfuka ldhqfrgr

l%uh iy idudkH b.aksIka l%uh bj;a lr m.Kl md,kfhka
hq;a fudfg%dksla ;dCIKh olajd hqKq lr we;' ;jo fuu ixlSrK
tkaka md,k moaO;sj, we;s fodaIo tu m.Kl u.skau ksYaph
lr w;ajehdjka j, ldrlhska yg ,ndfokq ,ef'
by; wdldrhg tkaug muKla fkdj fudagr r:fha
wfkl=;a moaO;sj,go wo m.Kl ;dCIKh tlaj ;sfnhs' tfy;a
fuu ;dCIKh ;=, tla ryila .ej we;' thdr nE.a jeks
w;skau fudagr r: i|yd tlajqkq moaO;s yereKq fldg fmr isg
meje;s moaO;s i|yd miqj m.Kl ;dCIKh fhdod we;ak thg
fya;=j fmr meje;s tu moaO;s j, ms<sh fkdue;s fodaI .ej
;suhs' wjidkfha tajdg bf,lafg%dksla ;dCIKh u.ska fh ms<sh
ksid m.Kl md,k fuu kj moaO;s ysj we;' ksoiqkla f,i
f%la moaO;s j, .ej ;snQ fodaI i|yd fh m.Kl md,k
;dCIKh ;=,ska ABS f%la moaO;s ys h' ta wdldrhg Tfgda .shr"
mjr iahka" iiafmkaIka jeks moaO;s i|ydo bf,lafg%dksla
;dCIKh fhdod we;' tfy;a *rkai,h" uekqj,a .shr fm
jeks moaO;s lsysmhlg bf,lafg%dksla ;dCIKh uqiqlr ke;af;a
tajdfha wdrNfha isgu ksrudKfha lsis fodaIhla fkdjqkq neks'
by; wdldrhg fmg%,a tkaula .;fyd;a tys ldhqfrgr
l%ufha ;snQ fodaI ksid wo ldhqfrgrh imQrKfhkau kk
r:j,ska bj;alr ta fjkqjg ixlSrK fmg%,a bkafclaIka l%u fhdod
;sfnhs' f wdldrhgu CB fmdhska iys; b.aksIka l%uho bj;aj
ta fjkqjg bf,lafg%dksla md,k b.aksIka moaO;s fhdod ;sfnhs'
tfy;a l%EkalaId*a" msiagka" fnhdka jeks fldgia tl;= lr
ilial, isjq myr hdka;%kh tod isg wo olajd w;s kk r:j,
mjd ta wdldrfhkau lsis fjkila fkdlr fhdod .efkhs' ta tys
ksrudKfha lsis fodila fkd;snQ fyhsks' tfy;a fuys jE,a iy
jE,a ls%hdld;aj hdka;%kfha muKla h h fjkial lr
;sfnhs' ta tu ls%hdld;ajfha muKla h h fodaI .ej ;snqkq
neks' ghska fka fjkqjg ghska fn,a fhu" idudkH gem
l%uh fjkqjg yhsfv%d,sla nl gem fhdod .ekqu" jr fy lE
l%u jeks klrK ta i|yd ksoiqka f' fuu .%ka:fhka ia;r
flfrkafka tkaul isjq myr ls%hdld;ajhg wod, fuu hdka;S%l
fldgia iy tajdfha fiajdjka muKla jk w;r klrKh jQ
bkafclaIka" b.aksIka jeks wfkl=;a moaO;s fudagr ldrl oekqu
-2" 3 jeks b .%ka: ;=,ska bm;a flfrkq we;'

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

kk r:j, fhdod .kakd fudfg%dksla tkaula

fudagr r: oekqu -3

 

02 jk mfoh

fudagr r: fmg%,a tkau

is,skavr 4 la iys; fmg%,a tkau

wo fudagr r:j, fmg%,a fukau i,a tkakao tlf,i

fhdod .efkk w;r fuys olajd we;af;a idudkH r:hl fhdod
.efkk fmg%,a tkauls' fuh we;=,; fldgia lafjk f,i ilia
l, lemq ;%hls' isjq myr ls%hdld;ajh hgf;a is,skavr y;rla
iys;j ksrudKh lr we;s fuu tkaf ls%hdld;ajh i|yd ;j;a
ls%hdld moaO;s lsysmhlu iyh wjYH fjhs' tk fuys
ls%hdld;ajh i|yd fmg%,a jd; Y%Kh ,ndug ldhqfrgr fyda
fmg%,a bkafclaIka moaO;shla wjYH fjhs' tu Y%Kh .sks oe,au
i|yd b.aksIka wejdkaia fldaK md,kho iys; b.aksIka
moaO;shla fhh hq;=fjhs' <g fuu tkaf ls%hdld
fldgiaj, >rIkh wvq lr .ekqug;a tajdfha l,a meje;aug;a
ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

 

fudagr r: fmg%,a tkaka

iafkayk moaO;shlao wjYH fjhs' f w;r fuu tkau

ls%hdlrf tys ls%hdld WIaK;aj w.h by< f.dia tkaug
ydks meh yels neka je ;dmh bj;a lsug tkaka isis,k
moaO;shlao wjYH fjhs' wjidk jYfhka iagdgr fudagrhla iy
th ls%hdlrug neghla fukau tu negh wdfrdamkh i|yd
,agfkagrhla fyda vhskfudajlao fuhg inkaO l, hq;=fjhs'
by; i|yka lf,a tkaul ls%hdld;ajh i|yd wjYH
jk iydhl moaO;s lsysmhla jk w;r fuys uQ,sl f,i ish
hq;= isjq myr ls%hdld;ajh i|yd wjYH msiagka" lfklaka frd"
l%EkalaId*a iy le o~q" bka, iy tlaiafydaia jE,a hkd
fldgia tkaka n|g;a is,skavr fy tlg;a ij ;sfnhs' uq,skau
fuu isjqmyr ls%hdld;ajh ykdf.k bkamiq tu ls%hdld;ajhg
wjYH hdka;S%l fldgia wOHhkh lruq' f i|yd ;ks is,skavr
tkaula uq,skau ksoiqkg f.k miqj nyq is,skavr tkaka i|yd
fhduq u jvd;a myiq fjhs'
fudagr ihsl,a iy ;S% ,r jeks ieye,a jdyk j, wmg
;ks is,skavr fmg%,a tkaka nyq,j oelsh yel' fjd fomyr fyda
isjq myr (2 stroke or 4 stroke) f,iska ksrudKh ;sfnkakg
mqjk' tfy;a fuys uq,skau wms wOHhkh i|yd f;dardf.k
we;af;a isjq myr ;ks is,skavr tkauls' thg fya;=j wo fudagr
r:j, imQrKfhkau isjq myr tkaka muKlau Nd;d jk
neks' fuu fomyr tkaka iafkaykh i|yd fmg%,a bkaOkh
iuu iafkayk f;,ao iemfhk neka fuu tkaka j,ska msgfjk
msgdr jdhqj I iys; u th fudagr r:j,ska bj;aug m%Odk
fya;=jla h' bkamiq th fudagr ihsl,a iy ;S% ,r jeks ieye,a
jdyk i|yd fhdod .ekqk;a ta i|ydo mir fkaf.a frdaOh
t,a, fjka mj;shs'
tkaka ls%hdld;ajh wOHhkh i|yd isjq myr
ls%hdld;ajfhka hq;a ;ks is,skavr tkaulau uq,skau fhdod .kq
,enqf nyq is,skavr tkaulg jvd th ir, neka th wmf.a
wOHhkhg myiqjla jk neks' nyq is,skavr tkaka ksrudKh
we;af;ao fuu ;ks is,skavr isjq myr tkaka lsysmhla fmd
tkaka n|lg f.k tajdg fmd l%Ekala iy lE Id*a jeks fldgia
i lsfuka neka uq,skau ir, f,i ksujqkq ;ks is,skavr tkaula
wOHhkh lr bkamiq fuu nyq is,skavr tkaka wOHhkhg .ekSu
jvd;a myiqjla jkq we;'

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

 

fudagr r: oekqu -3

isjq myfr tkau /4 STROKE ENGINE

msgdr jE,ajh
ldhqfrgrh
bka, ueksf*da,a
bka, jE,ajh
msgdr ueksf*da,avh

tkaka f,dla

mqIa frd

 

fudagr r: fmg%,a tkaka

jE,a ls%hdlrug le oKav tkaf jg follg tla jghla

f,iska lerlsh hq;=h' l%Ekala ,h iy lE ,h w;r we;s 2:1
.shr wkqmd;h u.ska th isf' f w;r tla n, myrlska ,efnk
n,fhkau < n, myr olajd myr ;=kla l%EkalaId*a tl
lerlu is fjhs' m%udKfhka Yd, *a,hs,hla fhdojd we;af;a
tf,i n, myrl ,efnk n,fhka fldgila Wrdf.k < myr
;=k olajd tkau lrljd .ekqugh' tys fuu n/;s *a,hs,h
ksid tkau iqug whqka ls%hdlruo l<yelsf' ka wms fuu
isjq myr pl%h ;ks igyklg f.k wjfndaO lr .ksuq'

msiagka

lfkalaka frd
lE Id*a
*a,hs,a
lE ,a

l%Ekala l|

(A)

(B)

pQIK myr

imSvk myr

(D)

(C)
n, myr

msgdr myr

isjqmyr ;ks is,skavr tkaul ksrudKh

fuys olajd we;af;a ;ks is,skavr isjq myfr tkaul uQ,sl
ie,iquls' fuu is,skavrh ;=, msiagkh by< my< .uka lrk
w;r tu p,kh lfklaka frd tl u.ska l%EkalaId*a tlg
,nd th lerlu isfjhs' msiagkh my<g .uka lsf
jD;jk bka, jE,ajh u.ska ldhqfrgrh yryd fmg%,a jd;
Y%Kh weo .kakd w;r kej; msiagkh by<g tkg jE,a
folu jeiS mej;Sfuka we;=,g weo.;a fmg%,a jd; Y%Kh
imSvkh fjhs' ta iuu iamdrla ma,.a tl u.ska ,ndfok mq<s=j
u.ska Y%Kh ,a is,skavrh ;=, mSvkh jefuka msiagkh
my<g ;,a hhs th tkaf n, myr jk w;r bkamiq msiagkh
by<g tkg msgdr jE,ajh jD;j oejqkq jd;h ihs,kairhg
msg lrhs' kej;;a fmr f,iu tkaka pl%h uq, isg ls%hd;aul
fjhs' fuu myr i;r pQIK (Intake) imSvk (Compression)
n, (Power) iy msgdr (Exhaust) kka yekafjhs'
by;ska ia;r l, whqre isjq myr pl%fha tla n,
myrla ,nd .ekqug tkau jg folla lerlh hq;= w;r ta i|yd

isjqkq myr i;r fuu igyka fm< u.ska jvd;a meye<sj fjka
fjkaj olajd we;' fuys A igyfkka olajd we;af;a pQIK myr
;=, msiagkh my<g .uka lsf jD;j we;s bka, jE,ajh
yryd is,skavrh fmg%,a jd; Y%Kfhka msfrk wdldrhhs' B
igyfkka olajd we;s imSvk myfr my<g me msiagkh
kej; by<g .uka lrk w;r tys jE,a folu jeiS mj;shs'
tu myr wjidkfha imSvkh jqkq jd;h ;=,g mq<s=jla ,nd
we;s w;r tys oefjk jd;h u.ska is,skavr ;=, mSvkh je
lsfuka Yd, n,hlska hq;=j msiagkh my<g .uka lrhs' th
n, myr kka yekafjk w;r C igyfkka th olajd we;' D
igyfkka olajd we;s fuys isjk myr ;=, kej; by< tk
msiagkh tys jD; jqkq msgdr jE,ajh yryd oejqkq jd;h
ihs,kairhg msg lrhs' fuh isjq myr tla pl%hla jk w;r
bkamiq kej;;a pQIK myfrka < pl%h wdrN fjhs' ka wms
fuu myr i;r jvd;a iia;r whqka jgyd .ksuq'

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

isjq myr tkaul uQ,sl ls%hdld;ajh

fmr igyfka olajk ,o ;ks is,skavr isjq myr tkaf

fudagr r: oekqu -3

 

pQIK myr ( INTAKE )

 

fudagr r: fmg%,a tkaka

n, myr ( POWER )

isjq myr tkaul pQIK myr

msgdr jE,ajh
fuys olajd we;s w;r l%Ekala Id*a
tl u.ska msiagkh my<g f.k
B
hdf jD;j we;s bka, tk
A
pQIK jE,a jrh ;=<k
s a ldhqfrgrh
yryd weo .kakd
jd; fmg%,a
Y%Kfhka is,skavrh msr hhs'
msiagkh my<g hdfuka Yd, jqKq
is,skavr Od;djh
ksid we;s jQ
la;h tk wvq mSvkh iu ug
A msgdr ueksf*da,avh
wjg jdhqf.da,h
S mSvkh hgf;a fuf,i
B pQIK ueksf*da,avh
fmg%,a Ys%; jd;h is,skavrh ;=,g
tkaul pQIK myr weo .efkhs' fuh wm fyd|ska l
mqre bkafclaIka isxchla ;=,g fnfy;a hrh mqrjd .kakd
wdldrhg fnfyka iudk jQ ls%hdj,shls'
tkaul pQIK myr ;=, is,skavrh ;=,g by; wdldrhg
jd;h weo .efkkafka ldhqfrgrh k WmlrKh yryd jk
w;r tys tu .,dhk jd; Odrdjg fmg%,a jdIam f,iska tl;=
fmg%,a jd; Y%Kh ieliSu isf' fuu jd; fmg%,a Y%Kfha
wkqmd;h wdikak jYfhka 14:1 la muK f'
imSvk myr ( COMPRESSION )
pQIK myrg miq t<fUk fuu
pQIK jE,ajh
myr wdrNfhau jD;j ;snk
q q pQIK
msgdr jE,ajh
jE,ajh jeiS hhs' ta w;ru lerflk
l%Ekala Id*a tl u.ska msiagkh my<
B
isg by<g f.k ths' fuys jE,a
A
folu jeiS we;s ksid fmg%,a jd;
Y%Kh is,k
s v
a rh ;=, isrfuka mSvkh
th fydka r;a f' fuu myr
wjidkfha iamdrla ma,.a tl u.ska
mq<s=jla iemfhk w;r tu.ska r;aj
we;s Y%Kh jyd .sks oe,a f' fuu
A msgdr ueksf*da,avh
myr ;=, isjkafka is,skavrh ;=,
B pQIK ueksf*da,avh
Y%Kh imSvkh u neka th
imSvk myr (Compression stroke)
tkaul imSvk myr kka yekafjhs'

isjq myr tkaul imSvk

myr wjidkfha iamdrla ma,.a mq<s=j
msgdr jE,ajh
u.ska Y%Kh .sks oe,au;a iu
oejqKq tu Y%Kh u.ska is,skavrh
B
we;=,; ldnka vfhdlaihs (CO2) iy
A
c,jdIam Yd, mudjla we;s lrhs'
oef msgjqkq ;dmh fuu jd;
fldgia u.skau Wrd .ekqu ksid fuu
oejqkq jd;fha WIaK;ajh fi' 18000 la
muK jQ b;d by< w.hlg f.k tau
;=,ska th Yd, f,iska m%idrKh h
A msgdr ueksf*da,avh
hq;=fjhs' tf,i m%idrKh ug bvla
B pQIK ueksf*da,avh
ke;sg isjkafka tys mSvkh je
uhs' fuyso jqkq jd;hg tf,i
tkaul n, myr
m%idrKh ug bvla fkdue;s ksid is
jkafka oejqkq jd; Y%Kh m%idrKh u fjkqjg tys mSvkh je
lsuhs' tu w;s Yd, mSvkh hgf;a msiagkh ;ka my<g f;rmd
yk w;r fuh n, myr (Power stroke) kka ye|skafjhs' ta
wkqj tys hdka;S%l Yla;sh f,ig mjr;kh jQfha tkau ;=,
oykfhka we;s jQ ;dm Yla;shhs'
msgdr myr ( EXHAUST )
tkaul n, myka miq
pQIK jE,ajh
msgdr jE,ajh
is,skavr ;=, jqkq jd;h bj;a lr
kej;;a pQIK myrlg iQodk h
hq;=h' fuu msgdr (Exhaust stroke)
A
B
myfr th isfjhs' fuys my< isg
msiagkh kej;;a by<g .uka lrk
w;r msgdr jE,ajh jD;j mj;shs'
fuf,i jD; jqkq msgdr jE,ajh
yryd jqkq jd;h ihs,kairhg ;,a
lr yeu fuys isfjhs' bkamiq
kej;;a pQIK myfrka < pl%h
wdrN fjhs' f wkqj tla n, myrla
A msgdr ueksf*da,avh
,nd .ekqug msiagkh is jrla by<
B pQIK ueksf*da,avh
my< hd hq;= w;r ta i|yd l%EkalI
a d*a
tl
jg
folla
.uka
l,
hq
;
=
fjhs'
tkaul msgdr myr

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

pQIK jE,ajh

bka, jE,ajh

fudagr r: oekqu -3

 

 

fudagr r: fmg%,a tkaka

nyq is,skavr tkau

fndarh
myr

uqka iSudj

Stroke

Bore

my<a iSudj

myrl Wi

nyq is,skavr tkaul ksrudKh

fuys olajd we;af;a fudagr r:j, fhfok is,skavr 4
la iys; isjq myr fmg%,a tkauls' we;=,; fldgia n,d.; yels
whqre th jD; lr olajd we;' fuhg fmr wm wOHhkh l,
;ks is,skavr isjq myr tkaka y;rl ;ks tl;=jla f,i fuh
ie,lsh yelsh' tys msiagka y;fru lfklaka frd ;ks
l%EkalaId*a tllg inkaO lr we;' igyk mfilska th
fjkalr olajd we;' bka, fmdar y;ru tlalr ;ks bka,
ueksf*da,avhla f,i f.k we;' msgdr ueksf*da,avho tf,i ;ks
tallhla f,i ksrudKh lr we;' tf,iu ;ks lE Id*a tllska
is,skavr y;fru jE,a ls%hdld;ajh ,ndf.k we;' fuu ie,iqu
jvd;a meye<sj wjfndaO lr .ekqug wjYH uQ,sl lreKq
lsysmhla my; laf'

is,skavrhl

TDC

iy

BDC

wjia:d

tkaka ms<sn| wOHhkfha fukau tu fiajdjka j,o

is,skavr fndarh ;=, msiagkh by< iy my< .uka lsf
msiagkh msys ia:dkh ms<sn|j oek .ekqug wjYH fjhs' fiajdjka
j, th jvd;a wjYH jkafka b.aksIka iy jE,a ghska ieliSu
i|ydh' f i|yd msiagka myrl by<u iSudj TDC iSudj f,io"
my<u iSudj BDC iSudj f,igo f.k tu iSudjka isg kq
,nd .ekqu idudkH l%uhhs' fuu iSudjka klr we;s wdldrh
iy tu iSudjka ,nd .kakd wdldrh ms<sn|j <g oekqj;a fjuq'

fuu igyfka olajd we;s whqre l%EkalaId*a YalNh

tla myrlg tk msiagkh my< isg by<g fyda by< isg my<g
.uka lrk tla Wilg iudk f' fuys msiagkh .uka lrk
Wmu Wi tk tys uqka iSudj Top dead center kka
yekafjhs' th fl fhula f,iska TDC hkqfjka yekafjhs'
fuys my<u iSudj Bottom dead center kka ye|ska fjk w;r
tho fl fhula f,iska BDC hkqfjka yekafjhs' fuu TDC
iy BDC w;r msiagkh .uka lrk tla .uka jdrhla myrla
(Stroke) f,i yekafjhs' th l%Ekala mska u.ska we;s lrk jD;fha
YalNhg iudk jk whqre by; igyk my;ska olajd ;sfnhs'
tkaul is,k
s v
a rhla ;=, msig
a kh
.uka lrk h rla .Kka .kq ,nkafka
TDC iSudjg fyda BDC iSudjg fmr fyda
miq msysfuks' tfy;a tu Wi uekSug
wmg tkaul is,k
s v
a rh ;=, we;s msig
a kh
ln,d .ekSu l, fkdyels fohls' f
ksid th fuu igyk whqre or lf|a
fldaKhlska uek .kq ,ef'
or l| tla jghla tk
wxYl 3600 la lerlSf is,skavrh ;=,
or lf|a flda K h msiagkh by< isg my<g;a iy my< isg
u.ska msiagka msysu
by<g;a tlajrla .uka lrhs' tk myr
,nd .ekqu

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

msiagka TDC iy BDC wjia:d

fudagr r: oekqu -3

 

 

fudagr r: fmg%,a tkaka

fuys olajd we;af;a is,skavrh ;=, msiagkfha msysu

l%Ekala mq,sh u.ska ykd.kakd whqrehs' l%Ekala mq,sfha TDC i,l=K
ykd .ekqug lghla lmd we;s w;r msiagkhla TDC iSudjg
yhgu meks g igyk whqre thg miq miska we;s mudKfha
0 yd tu i<l=K tl t,af,a msysghs' msiagkh TDC iSudjg wxYl
100 la olajd rla fuys fuu mudKh weiqka fldaKhla f,i
uek.; yelsh'
b.aksIka ghska iy jE,a ghska iSreudrejka i|yd
msiagka msysu uek .ekqug by; myiqlu i,id ;sfnhs' ;jo
mk .kajd we;s tkaul b.aksIka ghska wejdkaia fldaK mCId
lsug fhdod .kakd ghska ,hs tl u.ska wejdkaia fldaKh
lshjkq ,nkafkao tys wdf,dalh fuu mudKhg iy TDC
i<l=Kg fhduq lsfuks'

is,skavr Od;djh / Cylinder capacity

tkaul is,skavrhl
Od;djh hkq msiagkh TDC
isg BDC olajd .uka lsf
we;s lrk mudjhs' fuu
igyk whqre is,k
s v
a r fndarfha
fCI;%M,h myrl Wfika .=K
lsfuka tla is,skavrhl
Od;dj tk mudj .Kkh
l< yelsfjhs' fuu ksoiqfka
tu kq w,a (IN.) j,ska
is,skavrhl Od;dj .Kkh f.k we;s ksid tu Od;d
lsu
w.h >k w,a j,ska ,ef' th fu%la l%uhg fi'' j,ska .;
fyd;a mudj >k fi'gr (Cubic Centimeter) j,ska ,ef' th
fl lr CC hkqfjka oelaf' tkaul Od;d w.h 1200 CC
jeks w.hkaf.ka olajkafka ta wdldrhgh' >'fi''1000 la
,Sgrhlg iudk neka fuu w.hu 1.2 L f,io oelaf' tla
is,skavrhl Od;d w.h tkaug wh;a is,skavr .Kkska je
lsfuka imQrK tkaul Od;dj ,ef'
tkaul imSvk wkqmd;h
tkaul tla is,skavrhl
we;s imSvk wkqmd;h uq tkafu
imSvk wkqmd;h f,i i<lkq ,ef'
fuys imSvk wkqmd;h (Compression Ratio) f,i i<lkafka msiagkh
BDC iSudjg me g is,skavrh
;=, we;s jqkq mudj iy msiagkh
TDC iSudjg me g b;sj we;s
mudj w;r mj;akd wkqmd;hhs'
ksoiqkla f,i fuu igyk .;fyd;a
tys msiagkh TDC iSudjg me g
is,skavrh ;=, mudj jkafka BDC
isg TDC iSudj olajd we;s mudf
iy
by<ska we;s oyk l=rfha
is,skavrhl imSvk mudjh's (Vh+VC) tu w.h oyk
wkqmd;h .Kkh
lsu
l=r mudj jQ VC u.ska fn g
imSvk wkqmd;h ,ef'

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

folla imQrK lrhs' tk tla myrl Wi or l| lerflk

fldaKfhka wxYl 1800ls' ta wkqj msiagkfha msysu TDC iSudjg
fmr fyda miq wxYl .Kklska lah yelsfjhs' th TDC iSudjg
fmr k Befor TDC (BTDC) wxYl .Kklskao TDC iSudjg
miqj k After TDC wxYl .Kklskao (ATDC) laf' ksoiqkla
f,i fmr igyfka olajd we;s msiagkfha msysu l%EkalaId*a tfla
Z msysuhs' th TDC iSudjg taug fmr wxYl 400 l msysfha
k tu msysu olajkq ,nkafka BTDC 400 la hkqfjks'
fYaIfhkau b.aksIka ghska ieliSu i|yd fuu kq l%uh b;d
wjYH fjhs' tkaul th uek .ekSug i<id we;s wdldrh my;
igyfkka olajd ;sfnhs'
mudKh

TDC i<l=K

msiagka msysu l%EkalaId*aa fldaKfhka uek .ekqu

fudagr r: oekqu -3

 

fudagr r: fmg%,a tkaka

imSvk wkqmd;h iSud lsu

tkaul imSvk wkqmd;h jejk g tys n,ho
jef' tfy;a fmg%,a tkaul Y%Kh jvd;a imSvkh jqjfyd;a
Y%Kh oykh u fjkqjg msmsu tk b.aksIka fkdlau
we;sf' b.aksIka .eiSu hkqfjkao fuu widudkH oykh ykajkq
,ef' th tkaulg ydksodhl jk whqre my; igyfkka olajd
we;s msiagka fol u.ska jgyd .; yelsh'

b.aksIka fkdlafuka msiagka ydks jk whqre

tl .gu fkdlaulg tk b.aksIka .eiSug ,la jqkq
tkaul msiagka m we;s whqre fuys laf' f wdldrhgu
tkaul jE,a iy jE,a IS j,go ydks we;sf' imSvk
myfr muK blaujd Y%Kh imSvkh fuka fuf,i fkdlau
isf' f wkqj imSvk wkqmd;h je lsfuka fmg%,a tkaul
n,h je lr.; yels jqj;a fuu fkdlau j<lajd .ekqu i|yd
idudkHfhka fmg%,a tkaul imSvk wkqmd;h 7:1 g jvd
jelsu l< fkdyels f' tfy;a fkdlaug Tfrd;a;= fok by<
Tlafka w.fha fmg%,a i|yd muKla tkau ksrudKh lsfuka
imSvk wkqmd;h ;j rg;a je l, yelsh' tjka tkaul
imSvk wkqmd;h 9:1 la muK h yelsh'
pQIK myr ;=, fmg%,a tkaul imSvkh jkafka
fmg%,a jd; Y%Khhs' tfy;a i,a tkaul imSvkh jkafka
jd;h muKla neka tys fuu imSvk wkqmd;h fmg%,a
tkaulg jvd lsysm .=Khlska je l, yelsf' f wkqj i,a
tkaka j, imSvk wkqmd; w.h w.h 22:1 la muK olajd
jelr ;sfnhs' ;jo i,a iajhx j,khlg ,la lsug tu
wkqmd;hg jd;h imSvkh uo wksjdrhfhkau ish hq;=h'

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk