hils

YS% ,xldf uq,au fudagr r: ;dCIK irdj

fudagrr: kka 1995 ckjd ui isg m%ldYhg
m;au wdrN jQ w;r l,dm 20 lska wjika
lrk ,' fuh Wiia fudagr r: ;dCIKh i|yd
fjka jQjls'

fudagrr: wdorY l,dm folla

Wiia fudagr r: ;dCIKh i|yd fudagrr:

irdj ksl=;a u;a iu mdGl b,a,Su
u; idudkH fudagr r: ;dCIKh i|ydo
irdjla 1996 udr;= ui isg m%ldYhg
m;a lrk , th k flrefka ismar:
kks'

ismar: wdorY l,dm folla

ouq;= ;dCIK m%ldYk wdh;kh ,lay~

.=jka ,sh yd tlaj m%ldYhg m;al,
,lay~ hils jevigyk yd inkaOj
hils hk irdj m%ldYhg m;a flreks'
th l,dm 50 lg miq k;r lrkq ,enqf
fuu fj wvh ilia lsu i|ydh'
bfha kej;;a fuu irdj fjk;a
wdfrlska fukau fjk;a kulska kej;;a
wdrN jkq we;'
hils wdorY l,dm folla

fuu fj msgqj ilid we;af;a hils udisl irdf m<jQ .Eia

mjr;k ms<sn|j jQ ,sms fm< weiqks'

hils

fudagr r: .Eia mjr;k

fudagr

r: .Eia mjr;k uq,skau ksrudKh jQ

ir, wdldrh;a tys ;snq wk;=reodhl ;;ajh iy fodaI
ms<sn|j;a .shjr l,dmfhka ia;r jQ w;r wo Nd;djk
.Eia ldhqfrgr ksrudKhj we;af;a tu rj,;d ish,a,
msgq olsk whqks' fuf,i .Eia ldhqfrgr jr. Yd,
.Kkla Nd;fha we;;a f ieulu we;af;a tlu
ls%hdld;ajhls' f hgf;a jgyd .ekqf myiqj ;ld
uq,skau bf,lafg%dksla iy ,s ls%hdld;ajfhka f;dr b;d
ir, fukau idr:l .Eia ldhqfrgrhla ia;r flfrk
w;r tu oekqu ;=,ska miqj ixlSrK .Eia ldhqfrgr fj;
fhduq h yelsh'

1' .Eia I *a jE,a

2' .Eia wjq,

3' ,sla lfklagr

4' m%Ir weciagrh
5' l+,ka lfklagria

wjYH .=ma; ;dmh .Eia is,skavr ;a;sh u.ska Wrd .ekqu

ksid th ;ka isis,a .Eia mSvkh fjkia fuka tkaka
ls%hdld;ajh ksh; whqre mj;ajd .ekSu wmyiq u
fuys we;s jQ m%Odk;u fodaIhla h' fuys I *a jE,ajh
jeiSug wu;l u Odjkfha tkau k;r jqjfyd;a tys
.Eia .gu ksoyia u jeks fodaI ;=,ska .sks .ekSf
wk;=re odhl ;;ajhlao we;s jqk's fuu .Eia ldhqfrgrfha
fuu fodaI fol i|yd fhdod we;s ms<sh muKla wo
,smsfhka ia;r flfrk w;r ta i|yd ilid.;a .Eia jd;
Y%Kh tkaug ,ndu i|yd fhdojd we;s lair fjkapQ
ms<sn|j uq,skau oekqj;a fjuq'
lair fjkapQ'
tkaug .Eia ,ndu
i|yd fuys olajd we;s
whqre w;sfrl fjkapQhla
ldhq f r g rhg by<s k a
fhdokq ,ef' weksh
f,dayfhka ksrudKh lr
we;s fuu fjka p Q fha
ls%hdld;ajho ldhqfrgr
lair fjkapQhla ijk fjkapQhl ls%hdld;ajhg
whqre
iudk jQjls' tk tkaug
weo.kakd jd; Odrdjg idfmaCI f,iska la;hla fuu
fjkapQh ;=, we;s lr ta wkqj .Eia weo .ekqug fuys
i,id ;sf' fuu fjkapQ ksrudKh ms<sn|j miqj r.
f,i ia;r flfrkq we;'
,sla fnrh iy fmr fnrh

thsIdka .Eia ldhqfrgrh

fuys olajd we;af;a wm iska uq,skau wOHhkh
i|yd f;dard .;a .Eia ldhqfrgrhhs' cmdkfha ksIamd;
b;d idr:l fmg%,a ldhqfrgr jr.hla jQ thsIdka
(Aisan) iud.fu ksIamdokhla jQ fuys imQrK
ls%hdld;ajh ia;r flfrk jrK igykla miq msg
ljrfha olajd we;s w;r th fuu ,smsh myiqfjka
wOHhkh lr .ekqu i|yd fhdod .; hq;=j we;' fujr
,smsfhka ia;r flfrk lreKq wOHhkh i|yd fuu .Eia
ldhqfrgrfha msg;ska fmfkk fldgia muKla by;
igyfkka ykajd we;'

m%Ir weciagrh

mSvk kak

vh*%

wvq f.
moaO;shg

.Eia fnrh

,sla fnrh

LPG jdIamh

fr.shf
q ,agrh

LPG
WKq c,h

I *a jE,ajh
LPG

jh
.Eia is,sxvrh

.Eia mev,h
f;%dg,a fodr

ir, .Eia mjr;k ie,iqula

fudagr r: .Eia mjr;k wdrNfha fhdod .;a
ir, mm: ie,iqu kej;;a fuys olajd we;s w;r fuys
we;s rj,;d .Kkdjla .shjr l,dmfhka bm;a
flre' ta w;=ka j .Eia jdIam njg m;af ta i|yd

,sla fnrfha iy fmr fnrfha ksrudKh

is,skavr ;=, we;s LP jh LP .Eia njg
m;af is,skavr ;a;sh isis,a u je<elau iy LP .Eia
mSvk w.h ksh;j ;nd .ekqu i|yd thsIdka .Eia
ldhqfrgrfha ,sla fnrh iy .Eia fnrh
ksrudKh we;s whqre fuys olajd we;' .Eia gexlsfha fyda
is,skavrfha isg j jYfhka msgfjk LP jh uq,skau fhduq
jkafka ,sla fnrhghs' tys isg fmr fnrhg .Eia
jh jdIam f wjYH jk .=ma; ;dmh tkaf isg
,efnk WKq c,fhka ,nd .ekqu fuys isf' f wkqj

hils irdf m<jQ .eia mjr;k ,sms fm< weiqka fuu ,sms fm< ilia flre'

hils
is,skavrfhka .Eia ,nd .ekqf j .Eia jdIam fuka
is,skavrh ;ka isis,a u ksid we;s jQ fodaI ish,a, fuys
bj;aj ;sf'
fuys j .Eia jdIam njg yerfjkafka fmr
jE,ajh yryd fmr fnrhg ksoyia fh' fuys
LP jh .Eia njg yerfjk w;ru tys mSvkho ksh;j
mj;sk w;r tu ls%hdld;ajh my; igyfkka olajd we;'

jQ g fkdj tkau mk.kajk g iy mk.ekajQjdhska

miqjh' ta wkqj yisfha tkau k;rjQ go fuu jE,ajh
jeiS .Eia jid oefuhs' fuu .Eia ldhqfrgrfha ta i|yd
bka, ueksf*da,a la;fhka ls%hdlrk .Eia I *a
jE,ajhla ij we;s w;r tys ls%hdld;ajh my; olajd
;sf'
la;h
m%drh

fmr fnrh
m%drhlska tk vh*%
(A)
wvq f.
tllska fjkaj we;s w;r
moaO;shg
fmr jE,a
fuu A igyk whqre
.Eia mSvkh wvqg mSvk
kak u.ska m%drh my;a
lsfuka fmr jE,ajh
jD;j we;=,; .Eia
je f.
msru isf' fuf,i
LPG
moaO;shg
msrfjk .Eia ksh;
(B)
mSvkhlg m;ajk g
m%drh kak yl=jd
.kska by< hk w;ru
jE,ajh jeiS .Eia msru
k;r f' bkamiq je
LPG
f. iy wvq f.
fmr fnr mSvkh ksh;j mm: yryd .Eia
;nd .kakd whqre
,nd.kakd g mSvkh
wvqfuka kej;;a A igyk whqre jE,ajh jD;j .Eia
msru isf' f ksid fuu fnrh ;=, .Eia ks;ru tlu
mSvkhlska mj;ajd .ekqu isf' fuys olajd we;s mSvk
kak u.ska .Eia mSvk w.h fjkia lsu l< yelsh' fuu
ls%hdld;ajh hgf;a .Eia mSvk w.h fjkiaf fodaIho
bj;a lr ;sf'
.Eia mjr;k lg,hlg w;ska ls%hdlrjk
.Eia jid f lrduhla lsisfia;au iqiq fkdjk w;ru
th wka;rdodhl jk whqreo fmr ia;r h' idudkHfhka
fmg%,a jdykhla .Eia i|yd mjr;kh lrkq ,nkafka
wjYH fgl fmg%,a j,sko
a Nd;d l, yelsjk wdldrhgh'
fuys r:h .Eia j,ska ls%hdlrf fmg%,a jid oeug;a"
fmg%,a u.ska ls%hdlsf .Eia jid oeug;a ,s
fid,fkdhs iys; jE,a folla wksjdrhfhkau fhfok
w;r ta ms<sn|j .Eia mjr;k ,s mm: igyka
ie,iqf ia;r flfrkq we;' tfia b.aksIka iaph iu
.Eia l *a jE,ajhla fhf tkau k;r lrk g
.Eia jid uo isjk neka w;ska .Eia lrduh jid
oeug fhdod .;a fmr l%ufha tu jE,ajh jeiSug wu;l
fuka isjQ
wka;rdodhl fodaIh bj;ajqks' tfy;a
b.aksIka iaph inkaO lr tkau mk.ekau mudjk
g fukau Odjkfha tkau k;rjk wjia:dj, fuu I
*a jE,ajh jD; ;sfuka .Eia msgu isfjhs' th
je<elaug wu;r I *a jE,ajhla .Eia ldhqfrgrhg
we;=,;a w;r th ls%hdlrkafka b.aksIka iaph inkaO

lair ialDD

iamk
%s a

lairhg

.Eia

jE,ajh

.Eia

.Eia I *a jE,ajh ls%hdlrk whqre

fmr msgqf uq,au igyfka olajd we;s thsIdka
.Eia ldhqfrgrfha wxl 1 ka olajd we;af;a jelshq I
*a jE,ajh jk w;r tys we;=,; ksrudKh iy
ls%hdld;ajh fuys olajd we;' by; A igyfkka olajd
we;af;a jE,ajh u.ska tkaka wvq f. moaO;shg fhduqjk
.Eia iemhqu jid we;s wdldrhhs' tys we;s iams%ka tl u.ska
m%drh by<g Tijd we;s g jE,ajh jeiS mj;S' tkau
mk .ekaf iy mk .ekajQjdg miqj bka, ueksf*da,v
a h
;=, la;h we;sfjk w;r th B igyk whqre m%drhg
my<ska ls%hdlsu ksid m%drh iu jE,ajh my;a tk
th jD; lairhg .Eia ksoyiau isf' f wkqj
tkau l%Ekala jk g iy mk .ekajQjdg miqj muKla .Eia
ksoyiajk w;r yisfha tkau k;rjk g bka,
ueksf*da,a la;h bj;au ksid fuu jE,ajho jeiS hhs'
fuu .Eia udr.hg wh;a lair ialDD tl lerlfuka
fuu wvqf. Y%K wkqmd;h ieliSu l< yelsfjhs'
by; I *a jE,ajhg jelshq k, folla ,nd
we;s w;r bka tlla jid ;sfnhs' fuf,i k, folla imhd
we;af;a wjYH k bka, ueksf*da,v
a h isg h WmlrKhlg
hk jelshq k,hla fuu k, fol yryd inkaO lsfuka
myiqfjkau jelshq inkaOh ,ndugh'
by; wdldrhg tkaka wvq f. .Eia mm:h
tkau ls%hdlrk g muKla jD; jkjdfiau tkaka je
f. moaO;sho ls%hdl, hq;af;a tkau mk .ekajQjdhska miq
je f.fha mu' ta i|yd fuu .Eia ldhqfrgrh
ksrudKh lr we;s whqre < ,smsfhka ia;r flfrkq
we;'
wm fuf;la wOHhkh l, lreKq u; thsIdka .Eia
ldhqfrgrhl wvq f. mm:fha ls%hdld;ajh jgyd.;
yelsh' th b;d myiqfjka wOHhkh lsu i|yd fujr
l,dmfha miq msgljrfha fuu ksrudKh jrK mska;+r
iys;j olajd we;'

hils irdf m<jQ .eia mjr;k ,sms fm< weiqka fuu ,sms fm< ilia flre'

hils

fudagr r: .Eia mjr;k

fu`gr r: .Eia mjr:k hgf;a .shjr l,dmfhka
wm wOHhkh wdrN lrkq ,enqf thsIdka ldhqfrgrhlsk's
th ;=, LP jh LP .Eia njg m;ajk wdldrh;a thg
wjYH .=ma; ;dmh r:fhau WKqj;=r udr.hlska ,nd fok
wdldrh;a tf,i ilid.;a .Eia mSvkh ksh;j ;nd .kakd
wdldrh;a ia;r h' tys tkaka wvq f. moaO;sh
i|yd md,khlska hq;=j .Eia ,ndfok wdldrh;a ieflka
ia;r jqkq w;r wo l,dmfhka fuys uOH f.hg iy
tkaka by< f.hg .Eia ,ndfok wdldrh wjfndaO lr
.ksuq' fuys kej;;a uq, isgu whs, f. mm:fhkau
th kej;;a wdrN lruq'
whs, f.h i|yd .Eia iemhSu

me g .Eia jdid oeu

ksh; mSvkhls' fuf,i j
;dmhla wjYH jk w;r
ixirKh jk tkaf WKq

tkau mk.ekaf we;sfjk bka, ueksf*da,

a
la;fhka wxl 4 .Eia I *a jE,ajh jD; flfrk w;r
th yryd whs,ska f.hg wjYH Y%Kh ,ndu
igyfka olajd we;s whqre isfjhs' Y%K wkqmd;h ieliSu
wxl 5 iSreudre weKh u.ska l, yelsh' fuu mm:hg
wh;a .Eia I *a jE,ajh bka, ueksf*da,a la;fhka
jD;ug ilid we;af;a yisfha fyda tkau k;r
jqjfyd;a iajhxlS%hju fuu moaO;sh jid ugh' fuys
welai,frgrh uola ;o l, g tk mdr f,da
wjia:djg wjYH je .Eia ,nd fok whqre <g
wjfndaO lr .ksuq'
mdr f,da wjia:dj i|yd .Eia iemhSu
la;h

la;h

,sla
fnrh

.Eia

,sla
fnrh
thdr la,Skrh

LP

1' LP jh we;=,
a u
2' .Eia fnrh
3' gka fnrh
4' .Eia l *a jE,a

isjk neka tys mj;skafka

LP jdIam f thg Yd,
th ,sla fnrh jgd
c,h u.ska ,nd foa'

5' whs, ialDD

6' WKq c,h
7' lairh

la;h

.Eia ldhqfrgrfha whs, f. mm:h

fmg%,a ldhqfrgrhlska jqjo mdr f,da wjia:djg
imhk Y%Khg jvd ire Y%Khla whs, f.h i|yd
iemhsh hq;= fjhs' .Eia ldhqfrgrhlgo fuh fmd jk
w;r fuys fuu iEu f.hlgu tlu mm:hla
ls%hd;aul jqjfyd;a tys fuf,i whs, f.fha Y%Kh
irejk f,i;a bkamiq th nd, jk f,i;a mm:h
iSreudre lsu wmyiq fjhs' f i|yd lr we;s l,am
ms<shu k whs, f.h i|yd fjku mm:hla ,ndu
jk w;r th by; mm: igyfkka olajd we;' fuu
mm:h .shjr l,dmfhkao ia;r jQ ksid fuys th
ieflka wjfndaO lr .ksuq'
fuys ,sla fnrhg j LP ,nd .kakd w;r
tys isg wxl 2 .Eia fmr fnrhg th .Eia f,i
imhkq ,nhs' tu fnrh ;=, .Eia mSvkh ksh; w.hg

1' .Eia fnrh

4' lair ialDD ^je f.&
2' gka fnrh
5' lairh
3' lair ialDD ^wvq f.&
f;%dg,a jE,ajh

.Eia ldhqfrgrfha mdr f,da mm:h

fuys olajd we;af;a tkaf mdr f,da fyj;a uo
f. wjia:djhs' fuys tkaka f.h jeu ksid tkaug
weo .kakd jd; m%udKho je fjhs' f ksid fuys wvq
f. udr.h yryd ,efnka mj;sk .Eia Odrdj m%udKj;a
fkdjk w;r tu wvqj gka fnrh yryd ,efnk
oa;Sl LP .Eia Odrdfjka msuefia' f i|yd gka
fnrh jD; jkafka fuu uo f. wjia:df jefjk
lair fjkapQ la;h wxl 2 gka fnrhg fhduq
tys m%drh by<g Tijd .ekqfuks' fuf,i m%drh
tiu;a iu tys jeiS ;snqkq gka jE,ajh jD;j wxl
1 .Eia fnrfha isg LP .Eia fuu fnrhg meK
lairh yryd tkaug ,nd fohs' tu wu;r .Eia Odrdj
tu udr.fha we;s wxl 4 .Eia md,k ial=remamqj u.ska
md,kh l, yel'
fmg%,a ldhqfrgr l%ufha k tljr
welai,frgr mev,h md.k g wu;r fmg%,a m%udKhla

hils irdf m<jQ .eia mjr;k ,sms fm< weiqka fuu ,sms fm< ilia flre'

hils
welai,frgr fmdmh u.ska ,ndh hq;= jQ kuq;a fuys
tjeks Y%K ire lsula wjYH fkdfjhs' thg fya;=j
fmg%,a ldhqfrgrhl k tu wjia:df whs, mm:h
jeiS f.dia fojk mm:h jD; jk neka tys Y%Kh
nd,u fudfyd;lg isjk kuq;a fuys tf,i wvq f.
mm:h imQrK
fhkau jeiS fkdhk neka .Eia fkd,efnk
wjia:djla we;s fkdjk neks'

jdIam lsu b;d wmyiq jqj;a .Eia jdIamhla f,iska mj;sk

neka th ls%hdlrug wjYH jkafka tkau b;d isis,aj
we;ak mu' fuu Y%K ire lsu fpdala moaO;shla f,i
fkdj fjk;a wdldrhlg is jk neka th m%hs (Prime)
lsula f,i ye|skfa ' my; olajd we;af;a tys lsh
% dld;ajhhs'

*q,a f,da wjia:dj i|yd .Eia iemhSu

la;h

,sla
fnrh

,sla
fnrh

4' lair ialDD ^je f.&

1' .Eia fnrh
2' gka fnrh
5' lairh
3' lair ialDD ^wvq f.&
f;%dg,a jE,ajh

.Eia ldhqfrgrfha *q,a f,da mm:h

*q,a f;%dg,a ke;ak tkaf w f.fha weo
.kakd jd;h ;j rg;a jeu ksid imhk .Eia m%udKh
;jrg;a jel, hq;= f' fuu igyfkka olajd we;af;a
ta i|yd imhk LP .Eia jelrk wdldrhhs' fuys
lair fjkapQh yryd .,d hk jd; Odrdj b;d je
fyhska tu fjkapQfha we;sfjk la;ho b;d jeh' tu
la;h lairhg .Eia imhk k,h yrydu igyk whqre
gka fnrh ;=,g n,mdkq ,nk w;r tys m%;sM,hla
jYfhka m%drh b;d by<g ti tys jE,ajh jvd;a jD;
fjhs' tg ta yryd ksl=;ajk .Eia m%udKh jefuka
Y%Kh ;jrg;a ireu isfjhs'
by; i|yka wdldrhg .Eia ldhqfrgrfhka
imhk .Eia m%udKh gka jE,ajh wefrk m%udKh iy
fmr mSvkh u;u is fkdjk njo fuys u;la l<
hq;=h' tkaug weo.kakd jd;hg idfma f,i lair
fjkapQfha we;sfjk la;h jeu ksido ,efnk .Eia
m%udKh jefjk nj fuys wjfndaO lr.; hq;=h'
tkaulg fhdod .kakd lair fjkapQfha m%udKh b;d
jeo.;a jkafka tneks'
m%hs lsu
tkau jvd;a isis,a wjia:dj, b;d ire Y%Khla
wjYH jk w;r tys mk.ekau myiq lrugo fuys
fjku flda,a iagdrka l%uhla imhd we;' tfy;a ta
i|yd fndk tl wer fuu .Eia ldhqfrgrfhkau is
lsu tla rj,;djhla f,i yekah yel' tfy;a isis,a
fmg%,a tkaula mk .ekaf j jYfhka we;s fmg%,a

1' m%hs ,Sjrh

2' gka fnrh

3' lairh
4' mSvk fnrh

.Eia ldhqfrgrfha m%hs ls%hdld;ajh

.Eia moaO;s i|yd mk.ekau myiqlr ug
fhdok wu;r .Eia ,ndu tk m%hs lsu by;
igyfkka olajd we;' tys b.aksIka iaph inkaO lr
.Eia ldhqfrgrfha we;s m%hs ,Sjrh^1& uola ;o l, hq;=
w;r tg tys m%drh ti gka jE,ajh jD;j .Eia
msgf' fuu .Eia u.ska gka fnrh;a lairh olajd
k, udr.h;a .Eia j,ska msrfjk w;r tys tkau
mk.kajk g fuf,i .Eia jeu ksid b;d blaukska
tkau mk.ekaf' wfkl=;a .Eia ldhqfrgr j, fuu
ls%hdld;ajh ,sfhka is l, yels w;r tjka moaO;s
bfha ia;r flfr'
m%hs ,Sjrh

gka jE,ajh

m%drh
h mshk

fldgia lrk ,o gka fnrh

mdr f,da iy *q,a f,da i|yd Y%Kh ire lsu
;kslru gka fnrh ;=,ska isjk w;r tu gka
fnrhg wh;a fldgia fuys olajd we;' fuys m%hs
,Sjrh h mshk yd inkaOj ;sfnhs'
.Eia ldhqfrgr jelsh
q fldkafg%d,
a a iy bf,lafg%dksla
fldkafg%da,a f,iska fldgia follg fnfok w;r fuys
ia;r flrefka jelshq ls%hdld;aj .Eia ldhqfrgrhls'
fuys bf,lafg%dksla .Eia ldhqfrgr ms<sn|j <
l,dmfhka ia;r flfr'

hils irdf m<jQ .eia mjr;k ,sms fm< weiqka fuu ,sms fm< ilia flre'

hils

fudagr r: .Eia mjr;k

fu`gr r: I u u.ska mirh I u i,a
tkaka j,g jvd is jkafka fmg%,a tkaka j,sks' tfy;a
fmg%,a tkaka LP .Eia u.ska ls%hdlrf fuu I u
Yd, m%udKhlska my< niS' f wkqj LP .Eia hkq mir
ys;ld bkaOkhls' hils irdj u.ska .Eia mjr:k
ms<sn|j fuu ,sms fm< bm;a flfrkqfha fuu mir
ys;ld bkaOkh i|yd r: yshka fm<Ufuka fudagr
r: Odjkfhka mirh I u wju lr .ekqug;a Tjqkg
h muKl wdr:sl jdishla ,ndug;ah'
fudagr r: .Eia
ldhqfrgr m%Odk jYfhka
jels h q fldka f g% d a , a iy
bf,la f g% d ks l a fldka f g% d a , a
hkqfjka fldgia follg
fnfohs' f hgf;a wms thsIdka
jr.fha (Aishan) jelshq
fldkafg%d,
a a .Eia ldhqfrgrh
imQ r K fhka u wOHhkh
iafg*fk,s jelshq md,k lf,uq' <g wm rf .Eia
.eia ldhqfrgr ksrudKh
mjr ; k i|yd Yd,
jYfhka fhdod .;a by; igyfka olajd we;s iafg*k,s
(Stefanelli) jr.fha jelshq md,k .Eia ldhqfrgrhl
ls%hdld;ajh wo l,dmfhka wOHhkh lruq' fuh .Eia
mjr;k ykajdf mqfrda.dhka f,i ie,flk b;d,s
iud.ul ksIamdokhls'
m%hs fid,fkdhs
fmr fnrh
WKq c,h

lairhg

ldhqfrgrh fj; tk LP .Eia jh .Eia jdhqj njg

yeru fuu ldhqfrgrfhao uq,skau isfjhs' tys
ldhqfrgrh isis,a u je<elaug wm iska fmr W.;a
ldhqfrgrfha wdldrhgu fuyso tkaf WKq c,h fhdod
f.k ;sfnhs' fuhg ,sla fnrhla fkdue;' fmr
fnrfha .Eia mSvkh by<hdu;a iu.u m%drh u.ska
fmr jE,ajh jeiSfuka fmr wdldrhgu fmr mSvkh
r|jd .efka' tfy;a thsIdka .Eia ldhqfrgrfha fuka
kafka wd;;sh fjkia lr msg;ska fmr mSvkh iSreudre
lsu fuys l< fkdyelsfjhs'
fuu .Eia ldhqfrgrfha we;s < fjki .Eia
Y%Kh ,nd ug wvq f.hg iy je f.hg Y%K
md,l folla fkdue;s uhs' ta wkqj wvq iy je f.
i|yd ;ks lair fldkafg%da,a weKhla we;s w;r th u.ska
.Eia wvq je lsu lrkqfha gka fnrfha we;s gka
jE,ajfha we;s kafka wd;;sh fjkia lsfuks' tfy;a
thsIdka .Eia ldhqfrgrfha fuh isjQfha tkaug
,ndfok .Eia m%udKh lrduhlska md,kh lsfuks' fuh
;j;a fuys oelsh yels fjkils'
fuu .Eia ldhqfrgrfha .Eia jeiSu isjkafka
bka, ueksf*da,a la;h wkqjh' ta wkqj tkau k;rjq
g .Eia jeiSuo wdrCIs; whqka isfjhs' ta i|yd jelshq
fnrhla fjku ilr we;s w;r th u.ska gka
fnrfha .Eia jE,ajh jid oefuka tkaug imhk .Eia
k;r flfrhs' igyk whqre fuf,i jE,ajh jid oeug
tu jE,ajfha isg fjku oKavla fhdojd ;sfnhs'
fuhg ,s fid,fkdhsvhlao we;=,;a w;r th
jD; jQ g wu;r .Eia udr.hla fjkapQ udr.hg jD;
fjhs' tkau mk.ekaug fmr fuu jE,ajh ;;amr
lsysmhla hre iska jD;j ;nd .ekSfuka wu;r .Eia
udr.h jD; fjhs' fuh m%hs lsu (Priming) kka
ye|ska fjhs' tkau mk.ekajqkq miq fuu jE,ajh kej;;a
jeiS mj;shs' ka wms fuys ls%hdld;ajhka ms<sfj,ska tlska
tl f.k n,uq'
m%hs lsu

m%hs fid,fkdhs

LPG

lairhg
WKq c,h

LPG

1' fmr jE,ajh

2' bka, ueksf*da,a la;h
3' gka fnrh

4' gka jE,ajh

5' Y%K iSreudre weKh

iafg*fk,s jelshq md,k .eia ldhqfrgr ksrudKh

fuu igyfka ola j d we;a f ;a jels h q
ls%hdld;ajfhka hq;a iafg*fk,s .Eia ldhqfrgrhl
we;=,; ksrudKhhs' ;jo fuh tkau k;r lr we;s
wjia:djls' wm wOHhkh l< thsIdka .Eia ldhqfrgrhg
jvd fuh fjkia jkafka flfiaoehs uq,skau jgyd .ksuq' .Eia

Q
gka jE,ajh

tkau mk.ekaug fmr m%hs lsu

fmr igyfkka olajd we;af;a tkau k;r lr
we;s wjia:dj jk w;r tkau mk.ekaug fmr lairh
we;= k< udr.h .Eia u.ska mqrjd .ekSu fyj;a m%hs
lsu fuys olajd we;' mk.ekaf tkau isis,aj

hils irdf m<jQ .eia mjr;k ,sms fm< weiqka fuu ,sms fm< ilia flre'

hils
we;ak muKla hre iska ta i|yd jQ fYaI iaph
u.ska m%hs fid,fkdhsvh h ld,hla jD; lr ;nd
.ekqfuka by; igyk whqre lairhg ksoyia jk .Eia
u.ska bka, ueksf*da,avh .Eia j,ska msr ;sfuka mk
.ekau myiqf' fuh fmg%,a tkaul fpdala lsh
% dld;ajhg
fndfyda rg iudk jQjls'
tkaka wvq f. .Eia iemhSu
lairhg
WKq c,h

ti gka jE,ajh jvd;a jD; fuka imhk .Eia

m%udKh je flfr' tfukau tys jejQ la;h u.ska
jrh yryd .Eia weo .ekSu;a je flfrhs' fuu
fowdldrhgu je f.h i|yd .Eia jeu isf' fmr
igyfka iy fuu igyfka gka fnr m%drh iy tu
jE,aj msysu ikaikaokfhka fuh jgyd.; yelsh'
.Eia md,k ,s mm:h
fuys ia;r flreKq jelshq md,k iafg*fk,s
jr.fha .Eia ldhqfrgrh fudagr r:hlg i lsug
bf,lafg%dksla ls%hdld;ajfhka hq;a md,lhla wjYH
fkdfjhs' th ;kslru ,s mm:hlska muKla md,kh
l, yels w;r my; oelafjkafka tys uQ,sl ie,eiauls'
Ignition +

Prime
la;h

Petrol
w.=,

Gas

gka jE,ajh

m%drh

tkaka wvq f.h i|yd .Eia iemhSu

m%hs lsfuka miq tkau mk .ekau;a iu
m%hs fid,fkdhsvh jid fuk w;r bkamiq tkaug .Eia
,efnk wdldrh fuys olajd we;' tkau mk.ekau;a
iu bka, ueksf*da,avfha we;sfjk la;h u.ska gka
fnrh ;=, we;slr ;snq w.=, ksoyiaj we;s w;r ka
gka fnr m%drhg by< iy my< .uka l, yelsh'
f wkqj mk.eka we;s tkau u.ska lair fjkapQh ;=,
we;s lrk la;h fuu gka fnrhg ,e m%drh
igyk whqre by<g wehhs' tg thg inkaO ,Sjr
u.ska gka jE,ajh jD;j ta yryd tkaug .Eia ,ndu
isf' fuh tkaka wvq f.h neka lair fjkapQ
la;ho wvqh' tk m%drh tifjk m%udKh;a tu.ska
gka jE,ajh jD;jk m%udKh;a wvq neka ,ndfok
.Eia m%udKho wvqh'
tkaka je f. .Eia iemhqu

lairhg

LPG

la;h

gka jE,ajh

tkaka je f.h i|yd .Eia iemhSu

tkaka je f.fha je .Eia m%udKhla
tkaug iemhsh hq;= w;r th grska fnrh we;=,;ska
is fjhs' je f.fha lair fjkapQh u.ska we;s lrk
la;ho jejk w;r tys gka fnr m%drh by<g

Petrol

Prime

Gas

.Eia md,k iaphla iy tys ksrudKh

by; j miska olajd we;af;a jelshq .Eia
ldhqfrgrhl md,k iaphla jk w;r tys we;=,;
ksrudKh by; ol=Kq miska olajd ;sfnhs' fuys ksoiqkg
f.k we;s iapfha fmg%,a iy .Eia moaO;s udre lsu i|yd
foux iaphla fjkqjg idudkH ia folla fhdod we;'
fuys fmg%,a i|yd jQ iaph ls%hdlrfuka thg inkaO
fmg%,a I *a fid,fkdhsvh jD;j tkau fmg%,a j,ska
Odjkh l, yelsfjhs' .Eia i|yd jQ iaph inkaO
lsfuka .Eia fid,fkdhsvh jD;j
tkau .Eia
bkaOkfhka ls%hdlrh yelsfjhs' f wdldrhg ia fol
u.ska bkaOk moaO;sh .Eia i|yd fyda fmg%,a i|yd udre
lr.; yel' tys uOHfha we;s m%ia nka iaph ;;amr
lsysmhla ;o lr isfuka m%hs fid,fkdhsvh ls%hd;aul
lr tkaug .Eia ,nd iagdgr fudagrh ls%hdlrjd mk
.ekau lk l< yel'
by; olajd we;s whqre m%hs lsu u.ska la;
md,k .Eia ldhqfrgrfha mk.ekau mud u msgq oel
we;;a tys m%hs iaph w;ska ls%hdlrh hq;= fjhs' fuh
b;d ir, l%uhla jk w;r tkaka WIaK;ajh wkqj th
wvq fyda je ld,hla ls%hdlrug fukau tkau jvd;a
WKqiq k fuh ls%hd fkdlr tkau mk .ekau hreg
l< yelsh' < l,dmfhka bf,lafg%dksla md,k .Eia
ldhqfrgr ia;r flfrk w;r bka miq fuu ,s mm:
iy ta inkaO bf,lafg%dksla mm: ms,sn|j imQrK
wOHhkhla ,nd.; yelsjkq we;'

hils irdf m<jQ .eia mjr;k ,sms fm< weiqka fuu ,sms fm< ilia flre'

hils
(B)

(A)

fudagr r: .Eia mjr;k

fudagr r: .Eia mjr;k i|yd .Eia ldhqfrgr
jelshq iy bf,lafg%dksla md,k jYfhka fldgia follg
fnfok w;r thska jelshq md,k .Eia ldhqfrgr jr.
follau f jk g wms wOHhkh lf,uq' thska wjidk
jrg wm wOHhkh l, iafg*fk,s jr.fha jelshq md,k
.Eia ldhqfrgrfhau bf,lafg%dksla md,k .Eia ldhqfrgrho
wo nyq,j Nd;d fjhs'
jelshq
iemhqu

.Eia I *a jE,ajh

fmg%,a I *a jE,ajh

jelshq md,k iy fid,fkdhs md,k .Eia ldhqfrgr

fmg%,a iy .Eia I *a jE,a O wdldrhg
ksrudKh flfrk w;r fuys A igyfkka olajd we;af;a
.Eia moaO;sh jid ug fhdod .kakd fid,fkdhs
jE,ajhls' th *s,agrhlao iys;j ksrudKh lr we;' B
igyfkka olajd we;af;a tf,iu fmg%,a moaO;sh jid
ug fhdod .kakd fid,fkdhs jE,ajhls' fuh .Eia iy
fmg%,a moaO;s fka jr lsug yels f,i fhdod .kakd
whqre my; igyfkka olajd ;sf'

fmg%,a moaO;sh

fmg%,a gexlsh

ldhqfrgrh

fmdmh
jelshq md,k
.Eia ldhqfrgrh

fid,fkdhs md,k
.Eia ldhqfrgrh

fmg%,a

*s,agrh

fmg%,a
fid,fkdhs

jelshq md,k iy fid,fkdhs md,k .Eia ldhqfrgr

fuu igyfka .Eia ldhqfrgr fojr.hla olajd
we;s w;r fuu ldhqfrgr fojr.hu b;d,sfha Stefanelli
wdh;kfha ksIamd; b;d ckms%h jQ ldhqfrgr j._ folls'
fuhska jmiska olajd we;s jelshq md,k ldhqfrgrh
.shjr l,dmfhka jrK rEm iys;j ia;r flreKq w;r
ol=Kq miska olajd we;s bf,lafg%dksla .Eia ldhqfrgrfha
ksrudKh iy ls%hdld;ajh fujr miq msg ljrfhka
jrK rEm iys;j ia;r lr we;' f ksid fuys th
kej;;a ia;r fkdflfrk w;r iDcqju fuys ,s iy
bf,lafg%dksla mm: fj; fhduq fjuq'
.Eia mjr;k i|yd fhdod .kakd ,s iy
bf,lafg%dksla mm: bm;a lsf t;=,ska ;j;a wu;r
jeo.;a hula bgq lr.ekqugo woyia lrk nj fuys
u;lal, hq;=j we;' tk hils irdf uq,a l,dm j,ska
,ndka ,s" bf,lafg%dksl iy g,a moaO;s ms<sn|j jQ
uQ,sl oekqu wdfoaY lsug ,enqkq wjia:d r, jQ w;r tu
wvqjo fuu .Eia mjr;k ,s mm: ;=,ska ,nduhs'
fmg%,a fudagr r:hlg .Eia mjr;k lg,hla
il, miq href.a wjYH;djh u; r:fha fmg%,a
moaO;sh jid oud .Eia u.ska fyda .Eia moaO;sh jid fmg%,a
u.ska fyda Odjkh lsug myiql ie,ish hq;=h' tys
wksjdrhfhkau ,s ls%hdld;aj fid,fkdhs jE,a folla
fuu moaO;s fka jr lsug fhdod .; hq;=h' ukao
hreg ;u gr mqjref we;s ia u.skau th
myiqfjka lr.; hq;= neks' f i|yd fYaIfhkau
ksru
dKh l, fmg%,a iy .Eia I *a jE,a fj<| fmdf,a
,nd.; yels w;r < igyfkka th olajd we;'

.Eia ldhqfrgrh
b.aksIka +
fka jr
ia

lair
fjkapQ

LPG
msrjq lg

.Eia moaO;sh
r:hl

LPG

.Eia
fid,fkdhs

iy fmg%,a moaO;s tl;=jl ,s mm:h

fudagr r:hl fmg%,a iy .Eia moaO;s udre lsug

yels whqre ,s mm:h ilik wdldrh fuys olajd we;'

fuys fmg%,a I *a jE,ajh il, hq;af;a fmdmhg

miqjh' tg fmdmh mSvkh we;s neka th wlS%hj
mj;S' th fmdmhg fmr il, fyd;a r:h .Eia j,ska
Odjkh jk go fmdmh tl .gu fmg%,a fkdue;sj
ls%hdlr th kdY hhs' .Eia I *a fid,fkdhsvh .Eia
ldhqfrgrh iy .Eia gexlsh w;r ih hq;=h' fuu
moaO;s fol ls%hdlrjk fka jr iaph igyk whqre
ueo kej;=u iys; tlla h hq;=h' tg th u.ska fuu
moaO;s folu k;r lr ;eh yelsf' fuhg fya;=j fuu
moaO;sh .Eia isg tljr fmg%,a i|yd udrel, yels kuq;a
fmg%,a moaO;sfha isg .Eia i|yd tljr udrel, fkdyels
uhs' thg fya;=j tys fmg%,a tl jr lmd yerek;a
ldhqfrgr fnrh ;=, we;s fmg%,a u.ska ;j rg;a
tkau ls%hd;aul jk neks' f wkqj fmg%,a isg .Eia
i|yd tljr iaph inkaO l,fyd;a is jkafka fmg%,a
iy .Eia hk bkaOk folu tljr tkaug ,e Y%Kh

hils irdf m<jQ .eia mjr;k ,sms fm< weiqka fuu ,sms fm< ilia flre'

hils
jvd;a ire th k;r uhs' ta wkqj fmg%,a wjikaj
tkau k;rug wdikak jk g .Eia me;a;g iaph
inkaO l, hq;=h' tfy;a .Eia isg fmg%,a i|yd tljr
iaph udre l, yelsf'

bf,lafg%dksla .eia ldhqfrgr i|yd ,s

mm:h ilia lsu
.Eia I *a jE,ajh

whs, f.
iSreudrej

bkaOk moaO;s fka jr iaph

iafg*fk,s bf,lafg%dksla md,k .Eia ldhqfrgrh

.Eia fmg%,a bkaOk me;s udre iaph
fuys olajd we;af;a .Eia fmg%,a moaO;shl bkaOk
moaO;s f;dard .ekqug fhdod .kakd (Two way ) foux
iaphls' tys G wl=ka olajd we;s mshjr .Eia i|yd jk
w;r fmg%,a i|yd we;s my< mshjr fmg%,a ykajk B
ixfla;fhka olajd we;' fmg%,a ykajk Benzine hk
jpkfhka B wl=r fuys ixfla;hla f,i f.k we;' fuu
iaph mm:hg i lsf by; ol=Kq igyfka
oelafjk whqre tys uOH w.%h b.aksIka Ok w.%hg
inkaO l< hq;= w;r G w.%h .Eia moaO;shg;a my;
B w.%h fmg%,a moaO;shg;a inkaO l< hq;=h' tfy;a
fmg%,a bkafclaIka r: i|yd .Eia moaO;s i lsf
fuf,i ueo kej;=u fkdue;s iDcq fka jr iaphla
fhdod .; yelsh' ukao tys ldhqfrgrh fnrhl fuka
fmg%,a tl;=j fkdue;s ksid iDcqju .Eia j,ska fmg%,a j,g
udrel, yels neks'
fuys olajd we;af;a
Prime
.shjr l,dmfhka olajk ,o
Petrol
Gas
.Eia iy fmg%,a fka jr
iaphla jk w;r tys we;s tla
fjkila k thg m%hs iaphlao
tla lr ;suhs' .shjr l,dmfhka
wm wOHhkh l, iafg*fk,s
.Eia ldhqfrgrfha m%h
s lsugo
myiql ,nd ;snqkq w;r ta
Ignition +
i|yd fhdod .; hq;af;a fujka
iaphls' tys tkau mk.ekaug
fmr tys m%hs iaph ;;amr
lsysmhla w;ska ;o lr isg
bkamiq mk.ekau l, hq;=h'
igyk my;ska tys ,s mm:
igyko olajd we;s w;r tys
uOHfha
m%hs iaph i|yd m%Ia
Petrol Prime Gas
ngka
ia

phla fhdod we;s whqre

.Eia md,k iaphla iy
tys ksrudKh
oel .; yel' tfy;a wm wOHhkh
l, thsIdka .Eia ldhqfrgrhg m%hs lsug ,s
fid,fkdhsvhla ,nd fkd;snqkq neka tys fuhg fmr
igyfka olajd we;s fouka iaph jqjo Nd;d l, yelsh'

fuys olajd we;af;a fujr l,dmfha miq msg

ljrfha olajd we;s bf,lafg%dksla md,k jr.fha .Eia
ldhqfrgr igykls' fuhg ,s mm:h ieliSu uola
ixlSrK jk w;r ta i|yd bf,lafg%dksla mm:hlao fhdod
.; hq;= fjhs' fuu fjkig fya;= jQ lreKq fidhd n,uq'
iEu .Eia ldhqfrgr moaO;shlu b.aksIka
iaph inkaO lr tfy;a tkau mk.kajd ke;s g
fukau yisfha tkau k;r jQ g iajhxlS%h f,i CIlj
.Eia lmd yeu l< hq;=fjhs' fuhg fya;=j k;rj we;s
tkaug gexlsfha we;s mSvkfhka .Eia .gu msg .sks
.ekSf ;rckhla we;s jk neks' ;jo tys .Eia je
mk.ekauo wmyiqfjhs' wm fmr wOHhkh l, .Eia
ldhqfrgr i|yd la; md,k l%uhla fhdod .kq ,enqf
fuf,i tkau k;ru;a iu la;ho wfydais fuka
ta weiqka .Eia jid fuk neks' tfy;a by; .Eia
ldhqfrgrfha jelshq ls%hdld;ajh bj;a lr we;s neka
fuf,i tkau k;ru;a iu .Eia jid oeug l%uhla
wjYHfjhs' th bf,lafg%dksla mm:hlska ,ndfok ksid
fuh bf,lafg%dksla .Eia ldhqfrgr kka ykajd
;sfnhs'
by; wdldrhg fuu moaO;s md,kh i|yd
fhdod.kakd bf,lafg%dksla md,k tallhgu m%hs lsuo
iajhxlS%hju isjk f,i fYaI ghsur mm:hla we;=,;a
lr ;sf' b.aksIka iaph inkaO l, iekska fuu m%hs
lsu wdrN jk w;r th wjikajQ miq tkau mk.ekau
l, hq;=h' fuu ghsurfhka m%hs lrk ld,h iSreudre lr
.ekqugo fuys mS% fi tlla ilr we;' fuu ish
myiql iys;j tu md,k tallh .Eia mjr;k ls tl
iuu iemfhk w;r th fjkuo ,nd.; yel' <
l,dmh isg fuu md,k tallh wm iskau ie,iq flfrk
w;r tu.ska wm ,nd.;a bf,lafg%dksl iy g,a
;dCIl oekqu kej; w;alr .ekqug yelsfjkq we;'
tfukau wo fndfyda fofkla fuu md,k tallh fkdue;sj
.Eia ldhqfrgrh muKla f.k moaO;s ilrk w;r
tys fuu mm: igyka Tjqkagu ksrudKh lr.; yels
jkq we;'

hils irdf m<jQ .eia mjr;k ,sms fm< weiqka fuu ,sms fm< ilia flre'

10

hils

fudagr r: .Eia mjr;k

.Eia

ldhqfrgr jelshq iy bf,lafg%dksla

hkqfjka m%Odk fldgia follg fnfok w;r tu fojr.h
ms<sn|ju fjk g wms oekqj;aj isuq' f w;=ka
jelshq md,k .Eia ldhqfrgr wo Nd;fhka bj;afjka
hk w;r bf,lafg%dksla md,k .Eia ldhqfrgr Nd;h
iS>%fhka by< f.dia ;sf'

fuys b.aksIka iaph inkaO lr mk.ekau mud

jqjfyd;a tfia ke;ak iaph ksjdoeug wu;l jqjfyd;a
is jkafka jD;j we;s .Eia fid,fkdhsvh yryd Yd,
.Eia mudjla ksl=;a .sks .ekSf ;rckhla we;s uhs'
tjf.au Odjkfha tkau yisfha k;r jqjfyd;a
b.aksIka iaph ksjd ouk ;=reu .Eia ksl=;a u isfjhs'
fuu fodaI bj;ajk f,i fuu mm:h ksrudKh l, yels
myiqu fukau wvq ho l%uhla my; laf'
b.aksIka

.Eia
fid,fkdhs

S1

jelshq md,k .Eia ldhqfrgr fuka fkdj

bf,lafg%dksla md,k .Eia ldhqfrgr i lsf tys ,s
mm:h ms<sn|j fYaI wjOdkhla fhduql< hq;=j we;'
fuhg fya;=j yisfha tkau k;r jqjfyd;a tfia ke;ak
b.aksIka iaph inkaO lr tkau mk.ekau mud
jqjfyd;a jD;j we;s .Eia fid,fkdhsvh yryd .Eia
ldkajk neks' fuu wk;=r we;s fkdjk whqre fuys ,s
moaO;sh ie,iq l< hq;= w;r .Eia ls tl iu ,efnk
ghsur mm:h yryd th isf' tfy;a fjku .Eia
ldhqfrgrhla f.k moaO;sh ;uka iskau ie,iq
lsf fuu mm:ho ;uka iska ksrudKh l, hq;= w;r
tjka ksrudK wo l,dmfhka wjfndaO lr .ksuq' fuf,i
fuu mm: ir,u whqka wdrN lr ixlSrK mm:
olajd ia;r flfrkafka mdGl Tng wjYH ,s iy
bf,lafg%dksla oekqu ,ndu;a wruqKqlr f.k nj fuys
kej;;a isysm;al, hq;=j we;'
B+
b.aksIka iaph

.Eia
fid,fkdhsvh
bf,lafg%dksla
.Eia ldhqfrgrh

bf,lafg%dksla .Eia ldhqfrgrh iy .Eia fid,fkdhsvh

bf,lafg%dksla .Eia ldhqfrgrhla iy th
ls%hd;aul lrug ,sh iemhsh yels myiqu udr.h
fuys olajd we;' fuu .Eia ldhqfrgrfha we;=,;
ksrudKh jrK mska;+r iys;j .shjr l,dmfhka ia;r
jqkq w;r ta hgf;a fuf,i .Eia fid,fkdhsvhg Odrdj
imhd tkau l%Ekala lsfuka th mk.ekah yels nj wms
oksuq' tfy;a tys we;sh yels fodaI lsysmhlau f'
by; wdldrhg bf,lafg%dksla .Eia ldhqfrgrhl
,s mm:h iDcqju b.aksIka Ok w.%fhka ls%hd;aul
ug ie,eiajqjfyd;a b.aksIka iaph inkaO lsu;a
iuu .Eia fid,fkdhsvh jD; jk w;r ta iuu
tkau l%Ekala lsfuka th mk.ekah yelsh' tfy;a

D2

f,a tallh

,agfkagr- L

D1

iagdgr
fid,fkdhs +

.Eia fid,fkdhsvhg ,sh iemhsh yels ir,u fukau

wvq ho l%uhla
fuys olajd we;s whqre vfhda folla iy wu;r
f,a tallhla fhdod .ekqfuka .Eia ldhqfrgrhla i|yd
,s mm:hla b;d wvq houlska fukau myiqfjka
ksrudKh l< yelsh' fuys b.aksIka iaph inkaO
lsu;a iu .Eia fid,fkdhsvh ls%hd;aul fkdjk w;r
tkau mk.ekau i|yd iagdgr fudagrh ls%hdlrjk g
muKla D1 vfhdavh yryd S1 f,a tallhg Odrdj ,e
th ls%hd;aul fuka .Eia fid,fkdhsvho ls%hd;aul
tkaug .Eia imhkq ,efnhs' fuf,i mk.ekajqkq tkau
b.a' iaph k;r lsu;a iu k;r fkdug fuys lr
we;af;a ,agfkagr L w.%h isg ^ fndfyda ,agfkagr j,
fuu w.%h D+ f,iska olajd ;sfnhs& D2 vfhdavh yryd
fuu S1 fid,fkdhs w.%h inkaO lr ;suhs' fuu
,agfkagr w.%h tkau k;r lr we;sg iDk w.%hla
jk w;r tkau mk.ekajQ miq Ok w.%hla f' ta wkqj
tkau mk.eka iagdgr ia w.%h ksoyia lsu;a iu
D1 vfhdavh yryd .,d tk Odrdj k;r jqjo
,agfkagrfha isg D2 yryd .,d tk Odrdfjka f,a
tallh tl .gu ls%hd;aulj ;sfnhs'
by; ie,iqu hgf;a b.aksIka iaph inkaO
lr tkau mk.ekau mud jqj;a .Eia fid,fkdhsvh jD;
fkdjk neka tla wka;rdodhl ;;ajhla u. ye hhs'
tjf.au fuu mm:h u.ska Odjkfha tkau k;r
jqjfyd;a tyso ,agfkagr L w.%h iDk w.%hla fuka
S1 f,aa tallh ika ta yryd .Eia fid,fkdhsvho
jeiS hhs' fuf,i fuu mm:h u.ska wjYH wdrCIdj
iu ksh; ls%hdld;ajh ,enqk;a fuys olajd we;s D1
vfhdavh fodaI iys; tys miq w;g Odrdj .,d .shfyd;a
tu Odrdj u.ska iagdgr fudagrh tl .gu ls%hd;aulj
th kdY hd yels w;r tu.ska Yd, wk;=rlao h
yelsh' th is fkdjk f,i my; olajd we;s whqre fuh
klrKh lr.; yelsh'

hils irdf m<jQ .eia mjr;k ,sms fm< weiqka fuu ,sms fm< ilia flre'

hils
b.aksIka

.Eia
fid,fkdhs

S1
D

S2

,agfkagr- L

iagdgr fid,fkdhs +

vfhdavh fjkqjg f,a tallhla fhu

fuys olajd we;af;ao fmr igyku jqj;a tys ;snQ
D1 vfhdavh fjkqjg fuys S2 f,a tallh fhdod we;'
ta wkqj b.aksIka iaph inkaO lr iagdgr iaph
ls%hdlru;a iu tu Odrdfjkau S2 f,a tallho
ls%hd;aulj ta yryd S1 f,a tallh fmr mu
ls%hd;aulj .Eia fid,fkdhsvh ls%hd;aul fjhs' tkau
mk.eka iagdgr fid,fkdhs w.%h ksoyia jQ g
,agfkagr L w.%fhka ,efnk Odrdfjka S1 fid,fkdhsvh
tl .gu ls%hd;aulj tkau mk.kajd ;nd .kshs'
by; olajd we;s mm: l%u ;=,ska bf,lafg%dksla
mm:hla fkdue;sj .Eia fid,fkdhs iys; .Eia ldhqfrgr
ls%hdlrh yels kuq;a ,agfkagrfha h fodaIhla we;s jQ
g ta fya;=fjka tkau ls%hdlruo l< fkdyelsf' my;
i|yka whqre mm:h ilid.;a g tu fodaIho msgq
oelsh yelsjkq we;'

b.aksIka +

.Eia
fid,fkdhs

S2

Ths,a m%ir
ia P

S1
D1

iagdgr
fid,fkdhs +
,agfkagr- L
b.aksIka +

Ths,a n,a

Ths,a m%Ir iaph yryd mm:h ls%hdlr u

fuu klrKh ksrudKh lr we;af;a fmr
igyfka we;s ksrudKhgu Ths,a m%Ir iaph yryd ks;r
lkagEla inkaOj mj;sk f,a tallhla tla lsfuks'
b.aksIka iaph inkaO lsu;a iu f;,a mSvkh
fkdue;s neka Ths,a m%Ir iaph wr;a ;sfuka tu iDk
w.%h D1 vfhdavh yryd S1 f,a tallhg ,e tys
lkagEla ikaj mj;S' tk fuys b;s vfhda yryd
mm:h fmr ia;r l, wdldrhg lsisu fjkila
fkdue;sj isfjhs' tfy;a tkau mk.ekajQkq g tkau
tl .gu mk.kajd ;nd .ekqug fuys mm: folla
ls%hd;aul fjhs' tkau mk.ekajQ g Ths,a m%Ir iaph
ika S1 f,a tallh wlS%h fuka tk tys lkagEla
inkaO fuka fuu tla mm:hla ls%hd;aul f' tkau
mk.ekafuka miq Ok w.%hla jk ,agfkagr L w.%h
u.ska fuys < mm:h ielfia' fuys ,agfkagrfha

11

fodaIhla u; tu.ska ,enqkq Ok w.%h wys jqj;a S1 f,a

tallh u.ska imhk Odrdfjka moaO;sh ls%hd;aulj mj;S'
tkau k;r jqjfyd;a Ths,a m%Ir iaph inkaO S2
f,a tallh ls%hd;aul lsfuka .Eia moaO;sh wdrCId
iys;j wlS%h lsuo fuys isf'
Tk,a .Eia md,k tallhla fkdue;sj by;
wdldrhg wdrCId iys;j .Eia moaO;shla ls%hd;aul
l<yels kuq;a m%hs mm:h thg we;=,;a fkdjk w;r
my; olajd we;s whqre tho wmg ksrudKh l< yelsh'

m%hs ghsur mm:h

.Eia fid,fkdhs

+
R1

R3

T1= D400

T2

T2= C 828

D1

R1=1 M

R2

R2=47 K

R4

T1

R3=4.7K
R4=15 K

C= 470MFD 16V / D1= 1N 4007

bf,lafg%dksla ghsur mm:h

fuys olajd we;s wdldrhg bf,lafg%dksla ghsur
mm:hla ilid wmg .Eia fid,fkdhsvh ;;amr lsysmhla
jD;j ;nd .ekqfuka m%hs lsu iajhxlS%ju l<yelsh'
b.aksIka iaph inkaO lsu;a iu R1 yryd ,efnk
Odrdj C lemEisgrh wdfrdamkh lsug fhofjk neka
T2 wlS%hj mj;sk w;r R3 yryd T1 ls%hd;aulj .Eia
fid,fkdhsvh ls%hd;aulj m%hs lsu i|yd wjYH .Eia
iemfha' tfy;a C lemEisgrh wdfrdamkh fuka miqj R1
yryd tk Odrdfjka T1 ls%hd;aulu;a tu.ska T2 wlS%h
u;a ksid .Eia fid,fkdhsvho wlS%h m%hs lsu k;r
f' R1 mS% fi tl iSreudre lsfuka m%hs jk ld,h
iSreudre lr.; yelsh'
.Eia fid,fkdhs

b.aksIka +

iagdgr fid,fkdhs

bf,lafg%dksla ghsur
,agfkagr$ D+

bf,lafg%dksla m%hs mm:h r:hlg i lsu

fuu igyfka olajd we;af;a wm iska fjka
fjkaj wOHhkh l, .Eia fid,fkdhs ,s moaO;sh iy
ghsur moaO;sh tlg tlalr we;s whqreh' fuh ;jrg;a
klrKh lr.; yels whqre < l,dmfhka ia;r
flfrkq we;'

hils irdf m<jQ .eia mjr;k ,sms fm< weiqka fuu ,sms fm< ilia flre'

12

hils
fudagr

r: .Eia mjr;k ie,iq j, .Eia

ldhqfrgrfha we;s .Eia I *a fid,fkdhsvhg iDcqju
bf,lafg%dksla mm:
b.aksIka iapfhka Odrdj iemhSu is fkdf' ukao tys
iaph inkaO lr tfy;a tkau mk fkd.kajd we;s
wjia:dj, jD;j we;s fid,fkdhs jE,ajh yryd .Eia ldka Yd, kdYhla ish
.Eia fid,fkdhsvh
yels neks' f i|yd tkau mk.kajd we;s g muKla fid,fkdhsvh ls%hdl, hq;= w;r
h fyhlska tkau k;ru;a iu iajhxlS%hju .Eia fid,fkdhsvh jeiS hd hq;=h'

fudagr r: .Eia mjr;k

by; olajd we;s .egjg i mm: lsysmhlau .shjr l,dmfhka bm;a

flre' tu mm: u.ska b.aksIka iaph inkaO lsu;a iu ;;amr lsysmhla m%hs
uo" yisfha fyda tkau k;ru;a iu .Eia jid oeuo iajhxlS%h f,iu isjqks' f
w;r f i|yd ksIamdolhska iska ixlSrK md,k tall ksrudKh lr we;s w;r tys
r:fha ,s moaO;shg ydkshla fkdjk f,i b.aksIka fldhs,fha yhsfgkaIka jhrh jgd
T;k ,o lhlska we;slrk l=vd m,aia ;rx. u.ska muKla mm:h ls%hdlrkq ,efnhs'
my; lafjkafka kqf.af.dv frdg Tfgda f%kska wdh;kfha bf,lafg%dksla m%dfhda.sl
wxYh u.ska tu ls%hdld;ajhu we;sjk f,i tfy;a g%dkaisiagr muKla fhdod ksrudKh
l, idr:l mm:hls

.Eia ldhqfrgrfhau ij
we;s .Eia fid,fkdhsvhla

b.aksIka m,aia ;rx. weiqka ls%hd;aul jk g%dkaisiagr ls%hdld;aj .Eia md,k mm:hla
by; bf,lafg%dksla mm:h bm;a lsfuka
wmf.a mdGlhska yg bf,lafg%dksla mm: ksrudKh
ms<sn|jo kqula ,ndug W;aidy .kakd nj fuu ,sms
fm< wdrNfhu i|yka lf,uq' ta wkqj by; mm:fha
ksrudKh iy ls%hdld;ajh ms<sfj,ska wOHhkh lruq'
by; moaO;sfha .Eia fid,fkdhsvhg neg Ok
w.%h b.aksIka iaph yryd iDcqju ,nd we;s w;r iDk
w.%h md,k moaO;sh yryd imhd ;sfnhs' ta i|yd T5 iy
T4 g%dkaisiagr fol ;ks vd,skagka g%dkaisiagrhla f,i
ksrudKh lr we;' vd,skagka g%dkaisiagrhl fYaI;ajh
th g%dkaisiagr foll tl;=jla u;a ta yryd je Odrdjla
,nd.; yels u;a tys f.aka w.h b;d je u;a nj wms
oksuq' ta wkqj l=vd fia Odrdjlska fid,fkdhsvh ls%hd;aul
l<yelsf' ta w;ru fuu fid,fkdhs w.% fomi D2

vfhdavh fhdod we;af;a fid,fkdhsvh wlS%h lsf tys

we;sfjk iajhx fm%r
a K Odrdj u.ska vd,skg
a ka g%dkaii
s g
a rhg
ish yels ydksh je<elaugh' by; mm:h ksh;
fjda,ah;djhlska ls%hdl, hq;= neka R m%;sfrdaOlh iu
fIkr vfhdavhla fhdod tu fjda,ah;djh fjda,a 6 lg
iSud lr ;sf' C5 lemEisgrh tu Odrdj iqug lrkq ,nhs'
b.aksIka iaph inkaO lsfuka miq R4
m%;sfrdaOlh yryd ,efnk Ok w.%fhka T4 g%dkaisiagrh;a
tu g%dkaisiagrh u.ska T5 g%dkaisiagrh;a ls%hd;aulj .Eia
fid,fkdhsvh jD; fjhs' tk tu.ska moaO;sh m%hs
lsu isfjhss' ;;amr lsysmhla m%hs fuka miq .Eia
fid,fkdhsvh jeiS hdu;a tu ld,h iSreudre lsf
yelshdj;a fuu mm:hg we;=,;ah hq;=h' th ls%hdlrk
wdldrh <g fidhd n,uq'

hils irdf m<jQ .eia mjr;k ,sms fm< weiqka fuu ,sms fm< ilia flre'

hils
fuys T3 g%dkaisiagrh fhdod we;af;a wjYH
fgl vd,skagka g%dkaisiagr hq.,h wlS%h lrugh' tk
R4 yryd ,efnk Ok w.%fhka vd,skagka g%dkaisiagr
hq.,fha T4 fia w.%h lsh
% d;aulj fid,fkdhsvh jD;jk
w;r T3 ls%hd;aulj vd,skagka fia w.%h wr;a fuka
th wlS%h f' f fuu moaO;sfha fid,fkdhsvh inkaO
lrk iy ika lrk ms<sfj,hs' th uq,skau jgyd .kak'
oeka wms fuu moaO;sfha tla ika ia:dkhlg
meK iskafkuq' tk fuys T3 g%dkaisiagrh ls%hd;aul
fuka .Eia fid,fkdhsvh wlS%h jk w;r tu T3 ls%hd;aul
fuka .Eia fid,fkdhsvho ls%hd;aul fjhs' ;jo fuu T3
yryd .Eia fid,fkdhsvh ls%hd;aul fyda wlS%h lsu T1
iy T2 hk g%dkaisiagr fol yrydu fjka fjkaj l<
yelsfjhs' ta wkqj tu g%dkaisiagr fol fuu mm:fha
fldkafg%da,a g%dkaisiagr folla f,i ie,lsh yel' bka T1
g%dkaisiagrh m%hs fldkafg%da,a i|ydo T2 g%dkaisiagrh
tkau ls%hdlrk g muKla fid,fkdhsvh ls%hd;aulj
;nd .ekqugo fhdod .efkhs' fuys uq,skau fuf,i isjk
m%hs ls%hdld;ajh wjfndaO lr .ksuq'
b.aksIka iaph inkaO lsu;a iu R4 yryd
vd,skagka g%dkaisiagrh ls%hd;aulj m%hs u isug k
tu ld,h ;=, T3 wlS%h fid,fkdhsvh ls%hd;aulj m%hs
fuka miqj T4 fia w.%h iDk w.%hla lr fid,fkdhsvh
jid oeh hq;=h' T1 g%dkaisiagrh u.ska th isf' tk
b.aksIka iaph inkaO lsu;a iu olajd we;s mS% fi
tl iy C1 lemEisgrh yryd T1 fia Odrdj ,e th
ls%hd;aul fjhs' tk fuf,i ls%hd;aul jqkq T1 g%dkaisiagrh
u.ska T3 fia w.%h iDk w.%hla lr th wlS%h lsfuka
R4 yryd ,efnk Ok w.%fhka vd,skagka g%dkaisiagrh
ls%hd;aulj m%hsu isfjhs' f w;ru C1 lemEisgrh
wdfrdamkh uo isjk w;r th wdfrdamkh fuka miq
fia Odrdj fkd,efuka T1 wlS%h fjhs' tgu R3 yryd
,efnk Odrdfjka T3 ls%hd;aulj vd,skagka fldgi wlS%h
flfrhs' tk .Eia fid,fkdhsvh jeiShdfuka m%hsu
wjika fjhs' fuys mS% fi tl lerlfuka wmg m%hs
ld,h wvq jelr.; yelsh' fuys R1 m%;sfrdaOlh fhdod
we;af;a wdfrdamkh jqkq lemEisgrh tkau k;r lsu;a
iu irckh lrugh'
m%hs fuka miq tkau mk.ekaug iagdgr
fudagrh ls%hdlrjk g kej;;a .Eia fid,fkdhsvh
jD;h hq;=h' T2 g%dkaisiagrh ls%hd;aul T3 kej;
wlS%h lsfuka fuys R4 yryd kej; vd,skagka fldgi
ls%hd;aulj tkaug .Eia iemhSu isfjhs' tjf.au fuys
yisfha tkau k;r jqjfyd;a tyso CIkslj .Eia
fid,fkdhsvh iajhxlS%h f,i jEiS hd hq;=fjhs' ta ukaoehs
kej;;a u;la lr .ksuq'
.Eia u.ska ls%hd;aulj we;s tkaula yisfha
k;r jqjfyd;a jD;j we;s fid,fkdhsvh yryd .Eia
ksoyiau ;j rg;a isfjhs' tf,i .Eia jejQ go
fmg%,a j,ska *a, jQ g fuka tkau kej; mk.ekau

13

wmyiqfjhs' tfy;a thg jvd fuys wjOdkh fhduqh

hq;af;a fuu.ska .sks .ekSf ;rckhla we;s l<yels
neks' tfy;a g%dkaisiagr lsysmhl mm:hla jqj;a fuh
u.ska tys iajhxlS%hju .Eia fid,fkdhsvh wlS%h lrjk
w;r ta flfiaoehs wjfndaO lr .ksuq'

tkau k;ru;a iu mm:h wlS%h lrjk fldgi

fuys olajd we;af;a fmr mm:fhau fldgila jk
w;r tys wOHhkh l, whqre fuys T2 g%dkaisiagrh
ls%hd;aul jk g fmr mm:fha T3 wlS%h .Eia
fid,fkdhsvh ls%hd;aul fjhs' tfiau fuu g%dkaisiagrh
wlS%h u;a iu T3 ls%hd;aulj .Eia fid,fkdhsvh wlS%h
fjhs' ta wkqj oeka wm wOHhkh l, hq;af;a tkau
ls%hdlrk g muKla fuu T2 g%dkaisiagrho ls%hd;aulj
.Eia fid,fkdhsvh jD;j ;nd.kakd wdldrhhs'
fuu T2 g%dkaisiagrh ls%hd;aul jkafka b.aksIka
w fjda,ah;d w.%h jgd T;k ,o l orfha
fm%arKh jk b;d iq Odrdfjks' tu fm%arK orh i|yd
mjrKh lrk ,o f.a 22 muK jQ ;U lhlska jg
20 la muK T;d .ekSu m%udKj;af' lka lv we;sjk
fuu Odrdf Ok fldgfia C3 lemEisgrh wdfrdamkh jk
w;r tu wdfrdams; Odrdfjka T2 g%dkaisiagrh tl .gu
ls%hd;aulj mj;S' tk tu.ska .Eia fid,fkdhsvho
ls%hd;aulj meje;Sfuka tkaka ls%hdld;ajh i|yd .Eia
iemfha' fuys h fyhlska tkau k;r jqjfyd;a
b.aksIka fldhs,fhka iemhqkq ix ;rx.ho k;r fuka
T2 wlS%h u;a iuu mm:fha b;s fldgio ls%hd;aulj
.Eia fid,fkdhsvho jid oefuhs'
fuu mm:h ms<sn|j imQrK ia;rhla ,nd
fokq ,enqf wdkhkh lrk ,o fujka .Eia ghsur md,k
tallhla re' 5000$-la muK , jk w;r th wmgu re'
ye;a;Emyl muK uqo,lg ksrudKh lr.; yels neks'
;jo wjYH flfkl=g th ksmojd idOdrK uqo,lg fj<|Z
fmd,g bm;a lsugo mqjk' ukao wm w;ayod ne,S
f,i ilrk ,o fuu mm: iys; md,k tall kg
jir foll muK ld,hla lsis fodila fkdue;sj
ls%hdlrk neks' tfia lrudka;hla f,i mj;ajd .ekqug
yels whqre fuu mm:hu 555 ghsur IC folla fhdod
ksIamdolhskaf.a
ksrudKhlgu iudk whqka <
l,dmfhka bm;a flfrkq we;'

hils irdf m<jQ .eia mjr;k ,sms fm< weiqka fuu ,sms fm< ilia flre'

14

hils
fudagr

r: .Eia mjr;k ms<sn|j fuu ,sms

fm< u.ska oekqj;a flreKq w;r ta hgf;a .shjr
l,dmfhka bm;a flrefka tys bf,lafg%dksla md,k
bf,lafg%dksla mm:
tallhla ksrudKh lr .kakd wdldrhhs' fuu ,smsh ilik
g tu mm:h idr:l f,i w;ayod n,d fudagr r: i|yd
fhdojk ,o wmf.a mdGl /ilf.kau Wiia m%;spdr ,e
we;s w;r ta ms<sn|j uq,skau ia;+;s l< hq;=j we;' f jk g fudagr r: .Eia msrjq y,a j,ska ksl=;a lrk LP
.Eia ,Sgrhl , fmg%,a ,Sgrhl f,ka wvla muK jk;=re , wvq lr we;s fyhska kej;;a fmg%,a fudagr r: i|yd
.Eia mjr;k i lsf Yd, jrOkhla we;sj ;sfnhs' f ksidu fuu .Eia mjr;k flfrys je mdGl wjOdkhla
fhduqj we;s njo fuys i|ykal, hq;=j we;'
fuys kej;;a olajd we;af;a
.s h jr l,dmfhka bm;a l<
bf,lafg%dksla .Eia fldkafg%d,
a a mm:hhs'
r:fha ,s moaO;shg lsis ydkshla
fkdlr b.aksIka yhsfgkaIka jhrh
jgd T;k ,o fm%arK lhlska ,efnk
ixfjka fuh ls%hd;aul jqks' ;jo
fuh kqf.af.dv frdg Tfgda f%kska
wdh;kfha bf,lafg%dksla m%dfhda.l
s wxYfha
isik
q a iska ksru
dKh lrk ,o mm:hls'
fuhu f wdldrhgu 555 IC folla
fhdod ls%hdlrugo ielish yels w;r
wo l,dmfhka th wjfndaO lr .ksuq'
fuu mm:ho frdg Tfgda f%kska
g%dkaisiagr muKla fhdod ksrudKh l, .Eia mjr;k md,k mm:h
wdh;kfha m%dfhda.sl bf,lafg%dksla wxYfha ksrudKhls' fuu bf,lafg%dksla mm: ksrudKh iy ls%hdld;ajh fuys
ia;r flfrkafka wmf.a mdGlhskaf.a bf,lafg%dksla oekqu jrOkh lsug njo fuhg fmr i|yka h'

fudagr r: .Eia mjr;k

555 IC folla fhdod ksrudKh l, .Eia mjr;k md,k mm:h

fuys olajd we;af;a fuhg fmr igyfka i|yka mm:hu 555 IC folla fhdod ksrudKh lr we;s
wdldrhhs' fuys fhdod we;s 555 IC fol u.ska fjka fjka jYfhka jQ m%Odk ldrhhka folla bgqfjhs' tk fuys ol=Kq
mi IC tl fhdod we;af;a tkau mka.ekaf m%hs lsu i|yd jQ ghsur mm:h fjkqfjks' jmi IC tl fhdod
we;af;a tkau ls%hdlrk g muKla .Eia fid,fkdhsvh jD;j ;eugh' ta wkqj th u.ska yisfha tkau k;r
jqjfyd;a CIlj .Eia fid,fkdhsvh jid .Eia ldkau j<ld,hs' ka wms fuu mm:h m%Odk fldgia lsysmhlg fjkalr
tajd fjka fjkaj wOHhkh lruq'

hils irdf m<jQ .eia mjr;k ,sms fm< weiqka fuu ,sms fm< ilia flre'

hils
.Eia
fid,fkdhsvh

15

blau jQ g wxl 3 w.%h iDk w.%hla g%dkaisiagrh wlS%h

.Eia iemhSu k;rf' mS% fi tl lerlfuka fuu
ld,h wvq fyda je lr.; yelsh'

fuys olajd we;af;a

.Eia fid,fkdhs v h
ls%hdlrug mm:hg tlalr we;s
l=vd fid,fkdhsvh ls%hdlrjk
mm: fldgihs ' tu l=vd
fid,fkdhsvfha pqnl orhg iDcqju Ok w.%h imhd
tys iDk w.%h D400 g%dkaisiagrh yryd kq ,nhs'
7806 IC fr.shqf,agrh mm:hg ls%hdlrug wjYH ,s
Odrdj 6V f,i ksh; w.fhka iage,hsia lr mj;ajd .kS'

ghsur mm: fldgi

fuys olajd we;af;a m%hska i|yd ghsur mm:h
ilid we;s whqrehs' 555 IC tl fuys ghsurhla f,i fhdod
we;af;a fufiah' fuu IC tfla 8 iy 4 w.% folg ,nd
we;s fjda,ah;djfhka 2$3 lg jvd je fjda,ah;djhla
2 iy 6 w.% folg ,nd we;s g IC tfla wxl 3 wjq
mq w.%h iDk w.%hla f' tu 2$3 l fjda,ah;djhg jvd
wvq fjda,ah;djhla imhd we;s g tu wxl 3 w.%h Ok
w.%hla f' ta wkqj b.aksIka iaph inkaO l, .i
8 iy 4 w.% i|yd fjda,a 6 la ,efnk kuq;a 2 iy 6
w.% j,g ,efnkafka b;d wvq fjda,ah;djhls' ukao mS% fi
tl iy 1K frdisiagrh yryd ,efnk Odrdj C3
lemEisgrh wdfrdamkhg fhdojd we;s neks' f wkqj wxl
3 w.%h Ok w.%hla D400 g%dkaisiagrh ls%hd;aulj
fid,fkdhsvho inkaO fjhs' tk moaO;shg .Eia ,ndu
isf' tfy;a ta w;r lemEisgrh wdfrdamkh u;a iu
6 iy 2 w.% fjda,ah;djh l%u l%ufhka je th fjda,a
2 la tk 8"4 w.% fjda,ah;djfhka 2$3 fjda,ah;djh

.Eia On/Off md,k mm:h

fuys olajd we;af;a tkau ls%hdlrk g muKla
fid,fkdhsvh jD;j ;nd .kakd wdrCIs; mm:hhs'
fuys fuu 555-IC tl ls%hdlrkafka wema,s*hrhla
f,igh' tk fuys wxl 2 w.%hg iemfhk b.aksIka m,aia
;rx.h jrOkh wxl 3 w.%fhka msg flfr' ta wkqj
yhsfgkaIka jhrh jgd T;d we;s orh ;=, b.aksIka w
fjda,ah;djh we;sjk g l=vd m,aia ;rx.hla we;sjk
w;r th fuys jrOkh D400 g%dkaisiagr fia w.%hg
,e g%dkaisiagrh;a f,a tallh;a ls%hd;aulj .Eia iemhSu
isf' tu g%dkaisiagr mm: fldgi fuhg fmr igyka
foflka meye<ssj olajd we;' fuys g%dkaisiagrhg g,a
Odrdjla fuka lka lv Odrdj ,efnk kuq;a g%dkaisiagr
fia w.%hg inkaO C4 lemEisgrh wdfrdamkh
mej;Sfuka g%dkaisiagrh tl .gu ls%hd;aulj mj;shs' ta
wkqj tkau k;r jQ jydu b.aksIka w fjda,ah;djho
k;rfuka fuu mm:ho wlS%h .Eia fid,fkdhsvh jid
oud wjYH wdrCIdj iemhSu isf'
by; mm:ho Tng remsh,a 100$- lg jvd wvq uqo,lska
ilid.; yelsfjhs' mm:h ilid .ekqu myiqu i|yd
555 IC tfla w.% ykd .kakd wdldrho fmr msgqf mm:
igyfkau j miska olajd ;sfnhs' fuu mm: igyk
bm;a lrkq ,enqf .Eia md,k bf,lafg%dksla mm:hl
ie,iqu ,ndfok w;ru ta ;=,ska Tnf.a bf,lafg%dksl
oekquo je hqkq lru i|ydh

bf,lafg%dksla ;dCIKh i|yd fhduqj we;s mdGlhska

i|yd fuu .Eia md,k mm:h fuu l,dmh ;=,ska
bm;a flreKq neka fmr l,dmfhka fmdfrdkajQ
m fuu mdGlhska fjkqfjka %ma fg%dksla mm:h
ia;r lsu fuu l,dmh ;=,ska is fkdf' th b
l,dmhlska bm;a flfrkq we;'

hils irdf m<jQ .eia mjr;k ,sms fm< weiqka fuu ,sms fm< ilia flre'

RS 41

16

hils

.Eia bkafclaIka

tkaka fldkafg%da,a hqks

^ LP .Eia a&

fmg%,a bkafclaIka r: i|yd .Eia mjr;k

i lsu

lfklagr- B
mSvkh
lfklagr- A
la;h
m%Ir fikair

fm%da.%E lfklagr
fgmfrpr fikair$ fmrhsir
.Eia bkafclagr

fgmfrpr fikair$ .Eia

fmg%,a bkafclagr

b.aksIka fldhs,a
negh

.Eia jE,ajh
u,a jE,ajh
fmrhsirh
tkaka fldkafg%da,a hqks
^fmg%,a&
Diego

.Eia bkafclaIka moaO;sh is,skavr 4 tkaula i|yd fhdod .kakd wdldrh

.Eia bkafclaIka l%ufha fmg%,a bkafclagr ta
fmg%,a bkafclaIka fudagr r: i|yd jvd;a
whq

ka
u
;nd
.Eia i|yd jQ fjku bkafclagr lg,hla
idr:l jkafka .Eia bkafclaIka l%uh nj .shjr
il,
hq
;
=
f
'
f i|yd ksIamdolhskaf.a Wmfoia whqre
l,dmfhka ia;r jQ w;r fujka .Eia bkafclaIka moaO;s
tka

ka
Od;djg
wkqj f;dard.;a .Eia bkafclagr tla
ilrk wdh;khlska tu ia;r ,ndf.k b l,dmhlska
is,skavrhlg tl ne.ska bka, jE,ajh wi,u bka,
ia;r flfrk nj miq.sh l,dmfhka okajd isfhuq' ta
ueksf*da,v
a h o ilr.; hq;f= jhs' bkamiq fuu fid,fkdhs
wkqj fI,a .Eia ksfhda; is .Eia ,xld mqoa' iud.u u.ska
l%
h
s
dld;a
j .Eia bkafclagr imhd we;s jhr tl
Tjqka iska wdkhk lrkq ,nk Diego .Eia bkafclaIka
u.ska .Eia fldkafg%da,a ECU tlg inkaO flfr'
moaO;sfha ia;r wm fj; fhduqlr we;s w;r tys uQ,sl
ls%hdld;ajh ms<sn|j yekaula fuys i|yka flfr' f
ms<sn|j Tng je ia;r wjYH k 4615068 r l:k
wxlfhka ,nd.; yels jkq we;'
fuys olajd we;af;a is,k
s v
a r 4 fmg%,a bkafclaIka
tkaula i|yd ilia l, Diego .Eia bkafclaIka
moaO;shl ,s mm: ie,iquls' th ;=,ska wmg fuu
moaO;sh ie,iq lr we;s wdldrh myiqfjka jgyd.;
yelsh' wo l,dmfha miq msgljrfha we;=,a msgqjg fuu
iud.fu is,skavr 8 tkaulg ilial, .Eia bkafclaIka
moaO;shl ie,iqu tu u iud.u iska ksl=;a l,
wdldrhgu lsis fjkila fkdlr olajd we;' tfy;a by;
igyfka ia;r lsug myiq whqre ir, lr .ekqug
wjYH fldgia muKla b;s lr w;sfrl fldgia wm iska
bj;a lr we;'

fmg%,a bkafclaIka l%ufha isjkafka tys fmg%,a

fr,a tlg ndr 2-3 olajd jQ mSvkhlska fmg%,a imhd wjYH
fmg%,a m%udKh o wjika jk;=re tkaka jg follg tla
jrla f,i iEu bkafclagrhlau jD;j ;euhs'
bkafclagrh jD;j mj;sk ld,h wkqj ksoyiajk fmg%,a
m%udKh md,kh flfr' .Eia bkafclaIka i|ydo f
wdldrhg bkafclagr inkaO fr,a tl mSvkh l, .Eia
j,ska mqrjd ;nd .kq ,ef' bkamiq tu bkafclagr ksh;
ld,hla jD;j ;nd .ekqfuka k .Eia m%udKh tkaug
,nd .kakd jd; m%udKhg wkqj md,kh flfr'
by; wdldrhg .Eia fr,a tlg ksh; .Eia
mSvkh ,ndu fmrhsirh ;=,ska isf' th idudkH .Eia
ldhqfrgrhla we;=,; tys vh*% tl iy iams%ka tl u.ska
isjQ wdldrhgu fuyso isf' idudkH .Eia mjr;k

hils irdf m<jQ .eia mjr;k ,sms fm< weiqka fuu ,sms fm< ilia flre'

hils
i|yd fhdod .kakd gexlshlau fuu .Eia bkafclaIka
moaO;sh i|ydo fhdod .kakd w;r u,a jE,ajho ish
wdrCIs; Wml%u iys;j gEkala f.a tl iu fmr
wdldrhgu i flfr' tfy;a fuu fmrhsirh .Eia
bkafclaIka moaO;s i|ydu ksrudKh jQjla jk w;r th
;=,ska isjkafka j .Eia fmr njg yrjd .Eia fr,a tlg
iemhSu iy tys mSvkh ksh;j ;nd .ekqu mu' fuys
.Eia fmr njg yerug wjYH .=ma; ;dmh ,nd .ekqu
ksid th ;ka isis,ajk w;r th je<elaug fmr m
tkaf WKq c,h fuh yryd ixirKh flfr'
.Eia md,k tallh u.ska k .Eia m%udKh
;SrKh lr th kq ,nkafka fid,fkdhsvh jD;j
mj;sk ld,h iSreudre lsfuka jqj;a tmuKlska muKla
fuys iEySulg m;ah fkdyels f' ukao fr,a tl ;=,
we;s .Eia mSvkh iy tys >k;ajh u; tu kqu fjkiajk
neks' f ksid .Eia fr,a tfla mj;sk .Eia mSvkh;a tu
.Eia WIaK;ajh;a o;a; f,i f.k thg idfmaCI f,iska
bkafclagr fid,fkdhs jD;j ;eu fuys isf' f
i|yd fhdod .kakd .Eia m%Ir fikairh;a .Eia fgmfrpr
fikairh;a ijkafka .Eia fr,a tlguh'
fmg%,a bkafclaIka r: idudkH wdldrhg .Eia
mjr;k i|yd fhdod .ekqf .Eia moaO;sh ls%hdlrk
g fmg%,a bkafclagr k;r lsug pek,a thqf,agrhla
fhdod .kakd wdldrh .shjr l,dmfhka ia;r jqks' tfy;a
fuu moaO;sh i|yd fjku pek,a thqf,agrhla i
lsug wjYH fkdjk w;r igyk whqre .Eia fldkafg%da,a
hqks tl ;=,skau th ika u isf' ta i|yd igyk
whqre fmg%,a bkafclagr j, Ok w.%h tf,iu ;sh
tkaka ECU tl u.ska iemfhk fldkafg%da,a iDk w.%h
ika lr th .Eia fldkafg%da,a hqks tl yryd fY%a.;j
inkaO l, hq;=f' tg .Eia md,k tallh u.ska tkau
.Eia j,g yerf bkafclagrh lmd yeu iajhxlS%h
f,iu isf'
fuhg .Eia md,kh i|yd fjku ECU tlla
;snqko wjYH .Eia m%udKh kSu (Caliberation) th ;=,
is fkdjhs' fuu .Eia kSu i|yd tkaug weo .kakd jd;
m%udKh" tys >k;ajh" tkaka f,da tl" jd; WIaK;ajh"
f;%dg,a msysu" CIl ;ajrKh" ,evd w.h jeks o;a;
/ila wjYH jk w;r tu .Kkh lsug ixlSrK
fm%dfiirhlao wjYH jk nj wms oksuq' tkau fmg%,a
j,ska ls%hdlsf fuu ish wjYH;d tu md,k tallh
;=, we;s fm%dfiirh u.ska ie,ls,a,g f.k bkaclaIka
m,aia Odrdj ilik nj wms oksuq' r:h .Eia bkafclaIka
l%uhg Odjkh lsf fuu fmg%,a bkafclaIka moaO;sh
ta whqkau ls%hdlrug i,id tys fmg%,a bkafclagrj,g
.sh fldkafg%da,a Odrdj .Eia bkafclagr j,g ,ndfuka
fuys .Eia moaO;sh ls%hdlru isfjhs' we;a;jYfhkau
fuys isj we;af;a fmg%,a bkafclaIka moaO;sh ta whqkau
;sfnkag yer tu fid,fkdhs bkaclagr fjkqjg .Eia
fi,fkdhs bkaclagr inkaO lsuhs'

17

by; wdldrhg fmg%,a ECU tl u.skau ukskq

,nk bkafclaIka m,aia ;rx.h .Eia i|ydo fhdod .kakd
neka .Eia moaO;shg ,evd md,k moaO;sh inkaO
lsugo wjYH fkdfjhs' ukao th fmg%,a ECU tflkau
md,kh jk neks' fuf,i fmg%,a ECU tflkau .Eia
bkafclagro ls%hd;aul h hq;= ksid tajdfha fid,fkdhs
orj, m%;sfrdao w.ho tl iudk f,i f.k ;sfnhs' f
ish,a, .e,mqk;a" fmg%,a bkafclaIka m,aia ;rx.h ta
whqkau .Eia bkafclagr i|yd imhd tkau lsh
% dlrf
tla rj,;djhla we;sfjhs' tu rj,;djh iy thg
fhdod we;s ms<shuo fuys wjfndaO lr .ksuq'
fmg%,a bkaclaIka l%ufha md,k tallh u.ska
bkafclaIka m,aia ;rx.h ksj/j ilikq ,enqj;a
fjkiajk bka, ueksfmda,a la;h wkqj k fmg%,a
m%udKho fjkia h yelsfjhs' ukao la;h jejk g
fmg%,a jejYfhka weo.kakd neks' fuh je<elaug
fjkiajk ueksf*da,a la; w.hg wkqj fmg%,a mSvkho
fjkia lrkq ,ef' iEu fmg%,a m%Ir fr.shqf,agrhlgu
bka, ueksf*da,a la;h ,nd we;af;a;a tu fmg%,a
mSvkh ksh; w.hla fkdf.k ndr 2- 3 olajd fjkia
jkafka;a f ksidh' tfy;a by; ksrudKfha .Eia fr,a
tfla mj;skafka tlu mSvkhla neka fmg%,a bkafclagr
ls%hdlrjk ,o fldkafg%da,a Odrdju .Eia bkafclagr j,g
iemhSfuka Y%Kh ksj/j ieliSu is fkdf' thg
fhdod we;s ms<shuo by; igyfkkau jgyd.; yelsh'
by; igyfka m%Ir fikairhla fhdod thg
bka, ueksf*da,a la;h fukau .Eia mSvkho imhd we;s
whqre Tng oel.; yelsh' fuu o;a; fol fjka fjkaj
uek ,s ixjla f,iska .Eia md,k fldmshqgrhg
iemhSuo fuys isfjhs' tu o;a; muKla fkdj .Eia
fgmfrpr w.ho ie,ls,a,g f.k fuys fmg%,a md,k
tallh u.ska imhk bkafclagr fldkafg%da,a Odrdf ld,
w.h ;j rg;a fjkia lsu .Eia md,k tallhg wh;a
fm%dfiirh u.ska isf'
by; wdldrhg .Eia bkafclaIka moaO;sh
r:hlg il, miq b;d jeo.;a lreKla jkafka r:fha
tkaka Od;djg wkqj .Eia bkafclaIka m,aia ;rx.h
iSreudre lsuhs' ta i|yd wjYH udldx.h ksIamdok
iud.u iska imhd we;s w;r th idudkH fldmshg
q rhlg
fyda ,ema fgdma tllg ilr b;d myiqfjka fuu
iSreudrej b;d ksj/j l<yelsfjhs'
fuys i|yka lrk ,oafoa fuu .Eia moaO;shl
uQ,sl ksrudKh iy ls%hdld;ajh mu' r:h fmg%,a j,ska
mk.eka iajhxls%hju .Eia i|yd udrejk wdldrh jeks
jeo.;a lreKq /ila ;j rg;a ia;r lsug we;s w;r
bfha th ia;r flfrkq we;' ldhqfrgr r: i|yd
idudkH .Eia mjr;k iqiq jqj;a fmg%,a bkafclaIka r:
i|yd th iqiq fkdjk neka Tf r:h .eia bkafclaIka
l%uhg yerfuka mirhg msgfjk I u wju jkjd
fiau Yd, bkaOk jdishlao ,efnkq we;'

hils irdf m<jQ .eia mjr;k ,sms fm< weiqka fuu ,sms fm< ilia flre'