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Grade 7 Mathematics Unit 5 Operations With Fractions: Estimated Time: 24 Hours
Grade 7 Mathematics Unit 5 Operations With Fractions: Estimated Time: 24 Hours
Unit 5
Operations with Fractions
Estimated Time: 24 Hours
[C] Communication
[CN] Connections
[ME] Mental Mathematics
and Estimation
[PS]
[R]
[T]
[V]
Problem Solving
Reasoning
Technology
Visualization
159
160
Unit 5 Overview
Introduction
Students will focus on developing skills and understanding the addition and subtraction of fractions. The
big ideas in this unit are:
Equivalent fractions represent the same quantities.
The concept of equivalent fractions is very useful when comparing, ordering, simplifying, and
operating with fractions.
The use of manipulatives such as fraction strips and fraction circles, number lines, and pattern
blocks is an effective way to model the addition and subtraction of fractions. It creates a
concrete base for a traditionally difficult concept.
Addition and subtraction of fractions requires common denominators.
Estimation strategies for these two operations are based on using benchmarks like 0,
1 1 3
, , etc.
4 2 4
Context
The students will model, using manipulatives, the addition and subtraction of fractions. They will be
encouraged to informally generalize rules for these operations that are based on their investigations.
Through the use of these investigations, and guidance from the teacher, the students will discover the need
to use common denominators when adding, subtracting, comparing and ordering fractions.
They will discover the algorithm for adding and subtracting fractions. Once again estimation will play an
important role in helping students to decide if their answers are sensible. The students will then apply
these algorithms to adding and subtracting mixed numbers.
161
Strand: Number
7N5. Demonstrate an
understanding of adding
and subtracting positive
fractions and mixed
numbers, with like and
unlike denominators,
concretely, pictorially and
symbolically (limited to
positive sums and
differences).
[C, CN, ME, PS, R, V]
Achievement Indicators
7N5.1 Model addition of
positive fractions, using
concrete representations,
and record symbolically.
162
Strand: Number
Resources/Notes
B.
C.
Informal Observation
An alternative, but similar activity would be to create cards with
addition sentences and their equivalents in pattern blocks as used in
the Pencil and Paper exercise above. Each student would receive a
card with either the addition sentence, or the pattern block
representation. They mix-up and match-up within the class to find
their partner. Each group must then explain to another group, or to
their class, why they belong together.
163
Strand: Number
7N5. Demonstrate an
understanding of adding
and subtracting positive
fractions and mixed
numbers, with like and
unlike denominators,
concretely, pictorially and
symbolically (limited to
positive sums and
differences).
[C, CN, ME, PS, R, V]
(Contd)
Achievement Indicators
7N5.5 Model addition of
positive fractions with
unlike denominators,
using concrete
representations, and
record symbolically.
164
Strand: Number
1
3
Solution
1
5
6
12
7
1
12
3
1
1
4
4
5
12
1
12
1
2
165
Strand: Number
7N5. Demonstrate an
understanding of adding
and subtracting positive
fractions and mixed
numbers, with like and
unlike denominators,
concretely, pictorially and
symbolically (limited to
positive sums and
differences).
[C, CN, ME, PS, R, V]
(Contd)
Achievement Indicators
7N5.5 Model addition of
positive fractions with
unlike denominators,
using concrete
representations, and
record symbolically.
(continued)
3 1
+
4 6
3 3 1 2
= +
4 3 6 2
9
2
= +
12 12
11
=
12
Finally, they should look at their answer and ask themselves if
11
is reasonable based on their estimate of 1.
12
Note: When a common denominator must be found, the
common denominator that is chosen should be the lowest
common denominator. Simply multiplying the denominators
of the fractions being adding or subtracted will not guarantee a
lowest common denominator. The lowest common
3 1
denominator for + is 12, not 24.
4 6
166
Strand: Number
Resources/Notes
Performance
Use pattern blocks to create a design on triangular grid paper
(Program Master 27). Then use fraction addition to name the
design. Consider the flower design illustrated in Appendix 5-A. It is
possible to use several different addition sentences to name the
same design.
Journal
1. If a problem required you to add fourths and thirds, is it
possible for the sum to be sixths? Why or why not? You may
use an example or a diagram to help you explain your answer.
2. If a problem required you to add fourths and thirds, is it
possible for the sum to be sevenths? Why or why not? You may
use an example or a diagram to help you explain your answer.
Interview
A classmate missed yesterdays class. When solving a problem
5 5 10
today he suggested that + = . How would you convince him
6 8 14
that this is not a reasonable solution?
Game/Activity
Refer to Appendix 5-B for the Connect Three game.
167
Strand: Number
7N5. Demonstrate an
understanding of adding
and subtracting positive
fractions and mixed
numbers, with like and
unlike denominators,
concretely, pictorially and
symbolically (limited to
positive sums and
differences).
[C, CN, ME, PS, R, V]
(Contd)
Achievement Indicators
7N5.7 Model subtraction
of positive fractions, using
concrete representations,
and record symbolically.
168
Strand: Number
Resources/Notes
Observation
Ask students to use concrete materials or diagrams to show why the
following is an incorrect procedure.
3 1 3 1 2 1
=
= =
8 4 84 4 2
Informal Observation
Students can play the game Tic-Tac-Toe Fractions. A really useful
game for adding and subtracting fractions. See ProGuide (Page V)
and Master 5.8a, 5.8b and 5.8c.
169
Strand: Number
7N5. Demonstrate an
understanding of adding
and subtracting positive
fractions and mixed
numbers, with like and
unlike denominators,
concretely, pictorially and
symbolically (limited to
positive sums and
differences).
[C, CN, ME, PS, R, V]
(Contd)
Achievement Indicators
4 1
9 3
4
1
is a little bit less than a half and is
9
3
a little less than a half. The difference between them should
therefore be almost 0 or just a little bit more than 0.
4 1
9 3
4 1 3
=
9 3 3
4 3
=
9 9
43
=
9
1
=
9
Finally, they should look at their answer and ask themselves if
1
is reasonable based on their estimate of something a little
9
bit more than 0.
170
Strand: Number
Resources/Notes
171
Strand: Number
Now that the models for addition and subtraction have been
studied separately by the students, the same models and skills
can now be used in the study of mixed fractions.
7N5. Demonstrate an
understanding of adding
and subtracting positive
fractions and mixed
numbers, with like and
unlike denominators,
concretely, pictorially and
symbolically (limited to
positive sums and
differences).
[C, CN, ME, PS, R, V]
(Contd)
Achievement Indicators
7N5.10 Model addition
and subtraction of mixed
numbers with like
denominators, using
concrete representations,
and record symbolically.
7N5.11 Determine the
sum or difference of two
mixed numbers with like
denominators.
7N5.12 Model addition
and subtraction of mixed
numbers with unlike
denominators, using
concrete representations,
and record symbolically.
7N5.13 Determine the
sum and difference of two
mixed numbers with
unlike denominators.
172
Strand: Number
Resources/Notes
Interview
3
3
and 1
4
10
Without calculating, explain how you could determine which
answer would be greater.
Journal
An introduction to
Cuisenaire rods and their
use in the study of
fractions can be found at
http://teachertech.rice.ed
u/Participants/silha/Lesso
ns/cuisen2.html
1
5
Describe at least two ways you can calculate 4 2 .
2
6
173
Strand: Number
For subtraction:
7N5. Demonstrate an
understanding of adding
and subtracting positive
fractions and mixed
numbers, with like and
unlike denominators,
concretely, pictorially and
symbolically (limited to
positive sums and
differences).
[C, CN, ME, PS, R, V]
(Contd)
Achievement Indicators
21 21
19
=
21
174
Strand: Number
Resources/Notes
An introduction to
Cuisenaire rods and their
use in the study of
fractions can be found at
http://teachertech.rice.ed
u/Participants/silha/Lesso
ns/cuisen2.html
175
Strand: Number
half.
12 12
7N5. Demonstrate an
understanding of adding
and subtracting positive
fractions and mixed
numbers, with like and
unlike denominators,
concretely, pictorially and
symbolically (limited to
positive sums and
differences).
[C, CN, ME, PS, R, V]
(Contd)
Achievement Indicators
7
12
7
of a bag of
12
chocolate chips left.
(This elaboration is continued on the next two page spread)
Kyra has
176
Strand: Number
Resources/Notes
Journal
Is it possible to find two mixed numbers which add together to form
a whole number?
Explain your answer and, if possible, give an example to support
your explanation.
Pencil and Paper
1. Andrew plays guitar in a rock band. For a song that is 36
1
3
measures long he plays for 4 measures, rests for 8
2
8
1
measures, plays for another 16 measures, rests for 2 measures
4
and plays for the last section. How many measures are in the
last section?
1
h, played soccer for
2
1
1
h, and talked on the phone for 4 h.
4
3
A. How many hours did Mark spend practising piano and
playing soccer?
B. Hour many more hours did Mark spend playing soccer
than talking on the phone?
177
Strand: Number
7N5. Demonstrate an
understanding of adding
and subtracting positive
fractions and mixed
numbers, with like and
unlike denominators,
concretely, pictorially and
symbolically (limited to
positive sums and
differences).
[C, CN, ME, PS, R, V]
(Contd)
Achievement Indicators
7N5.14 Simplify the
solution to a given
problem involving the
sum or difference of two
positive fractions or
mixed numbers.
(continued)
7N5.15 Solve a given
problem involving the
addition or subtraction of
positive fractions or
mixed numbers, and
determine if the solution is
reasonable.
(continued)
1
bags is a little more than
4
11
is almost one full bag, but not quite.
12
Therefore Kyra uses a little more than 3 bags of chips in total.
1
bags of chips
6
in total.
178
Strand: Number
Resources/Notes
179
Strand: Number
180