UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN KIMIA

PROCESS CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION
(CPE642)

NAME
KARIM

: SYED MUHAMMAD AMIRUK B SYED ABDUL

STUDENT I.D

: 2014490934

EXPERIMENT

: LAB 1

DATE PERFORMED

: 14 SEPTEMBER 2015

SEMESTER

:5

PROGRAM

: EH220

Lab 1
Control loop

Result for three experiments.

A proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID controller) is a control loop feedback

mechanism (controller) commonly used in industrial control systems. A PID controller continuously
calculates an "error value" as the difference between a measured process variable and a desired setpoint.
The controller attempts to minimize the error over time by adjustment of a control variable, such as the
position of a control valve, a damper, or the power supplied to a heating element.
In this model, P accounts for present values of the error (e.g. if the error is large and positive, the control
output will also be large and positive), I accounts for past values of the error (e.g. if the output is not
sufficient to reduce the size of the error, error will accumulate over time, causing the controller to apply
stronger output), and D accounts for predicted future values of the error, based on its current rate of
change.
As a PID controller relies only on the measured process variable, not on knowledge of the underlying
process, it is a broadly useful controller. By tuning the three parameters of the model, one can design a
PID controller for specific process requirements. The response of the controller can be described in terms
of the responsiveness of the controller to an error, the degree to which the controller overshoots the
setpoint, and the degree of system oscillation. Note that the use of the PID algorithm for control does not
guarantee optimal control of the system or system stability.
There was three experiments have been conducted. The control loop was prepared by setup the process

transfer function and setpoint are

5
s +10 s
2

and 1 respectively. The PID controllers parameters P, I,

and D are 0.05, 1, and 0 respectively. Then, simulation parameter was set for 600s. The experiment was
run. Then, the graph of experiment 1 was obtained. For experiment 2 and 3 constant valueof I and D but
changing the P value with 0.1 and 0.15 respectively. After that, all experiments were comparing to each
other. The experiment 1 was overshoots highest and 2 higher than 3. The experiment 3 was going stable
than 2 and 1. This shows that when low overshoots depend on P in all experiments are more stable.