headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

a/an !!one/one!of!
several/one!of!a!set/!
any!one!
2
a/an !!per!

a/an!det/indefinite!
article!

a/an!det!

abandon(

abandoned!adj!
abandonment!nU!

abbreviation(

abandon!vT!!leave!
abandon!vT!!stop!
doing!sth(
(

miles/kilometres(an(
hour(
(

abbreviation!nC!

able!adj!
ability!nCU!
(

unable!neg!adj!

inability!nU!

disability!nCU!

able!adj!
ability!nCU!
(

disabled!adj!
enable!vT!
(

inability!nU(

abnormal!neg!adj!

aboard!adv/prep(

abbreviate!vT!
abbreviated!adj!
unabbreviated!neg!
adj!
able;bodied!adj!!see!
also!@!body(
disable!vT!
enabled!adj!
to(the(best(of(ones(
ability/abilities(
abnormality!nC!
abnormally!neg!adv(
(

abolish!vT!

abolition!nU!

abortion(

abortion!nC!

abound/abundance(

abound!vI!formal!

about(prep!
(
how(about(?!/what(
about(?!!suggestion!

abundance!nU!
abundant!adj!
(

abort!vIT!
aborted!adj!
abortionist!nC!
abundantly!adv!
in(abundance(
(

Aa(
1

able /ability!!
capacity!

able !!skilled!
abnormal!!see!also!
@!normal(
aboard!!see!also!@!
2!
board
abolish(

about !!connected!
with,!related!to!
!

1!

headword(
2

about !!
approximately!
3
about !!here!and!
there,!around!
4
about !adj/be(about(
to(do(sth!!on!the!
point!of!!!
above(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

about!prep!

about!adv!

about!adj/be(about(
to(do(sth(

above!prep/adv!!
higher!
above!prep!!more!
than!
(

above!adj!!
mentioned!
previously!

abreast!adj!

above(all(
above(board!adj!!see!
1(
also!@!board
be(above(one(
be/keep(abreast(of(

abrupt!!sudden!

abroad(adv!
go(abroad(
(

abruptly!adv!

abrupt!adj!

abruptness!nU!

absent(

absence!nCU!!opp.!
presence!

absent!adj!!opp.!
present!
absence!nCU!!time!
absent!

absolute(

absolutely!adv!!
completely!

absolute!adj!!
complete,!total!

absolutely!!exclam!!
definitely!

absorb(

absorb(vT!!soak!up!
liquid,!etc!

absorption!nU!

absentee!nC!
absenteeism!nU!
absent!vT/absent(
oneself((from)(
absent;minded!adj!!
1(
see!also!@!mind
decree(absolute!nC!
Brit!!see!also!@!
decree(
absorb!vT!!take!over,!
include,!etc!
absorb!vI/be(
absorbed(in(sth!!be!
very!interested!in!sth!
absorbent!adj!
shock(absorber!nC!!
see!also!@!shock(

abreast!!see!also!@!
breast(
abroad(

2!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

abstract!

abstract!adj!

abstraction!nU!

absurd(

absurd!adj!

abundance!!see!also!
@!abound(
abuse(

abuse!nCU!

abuse!vT!

abundance!nU!
abundant!adj!
(

abusive!adj!

abstract!nC!!painting,!
etc!
in(the(abstract(
absurdity!nC!
absurdly!adv!
abundantly!adv!
in(abundance(
abusively!adv!

academic/academy(

academically!adv!

academy!nC!
academic!nC!!scholar!
accelerate!vIT!

accelerate(

academic!adj!!
scholarly!
(

accent(

decelerate!vIT!
deceleration!nU!
accent!vT!

accept!vT!

accent!nC!!style!of!
speaking!
acceptance!nU!

acceleration!nU!
accelerator!nC!
accent!nC!!linguistic!
symbol!
(

accept !!agree!to!sth!

accept!vT!
acceptable!adj!

unacceptable!neg!
adj!

accepted!adj!

access(

access!nU!

accessory!sth!extra,!
component!
accident!!!

access!vT!
accessible!adj!
(

accessibility!nU!
inaccessible!neg!adj!
accessory!nC!

acceptability!nU!
acceptably!adv!
unacceptably!neg!
adv!
(

accident!nC!!crash,!
etc!
accident!nC!!
unintentional!action!

by(accident(

accidental!adj!
accidentally!adv!

accommodation(

accommodate!vT!!
provide!housing!
(

accompany(

accommodation!nU!!
housing!
accompany!vT!!go!
with!sb!

accompany!vT!!play!
music!with!sb!

accept !!receive!sth!

(
accident;prone!adj!!
see!also!@!prone(
accident(and(
emergency!!n!usu!
sing!esp!Brit!!see!also!
@!emergency(
(
(

3!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

accomplish(

accord/accordance(

according(to(

according(to!!
reporting!what!sb!
said!
account!nC!
accounts!n!pl!

B2(

C1(

C2(

accompaniment!nC!
accompanying!adj!
(

accomplish!vT!
accomplishment!nC!
accordance!n!formal!
accordingly!adv!

(
accord!nC!!
accord!vIT!

bank(account!nC!!see! (
1(
also!@!bank

accountant!nC!
accounting!nU!

accountancy!nU!

account!nC!

account(vI/account(
for(
(

account!nC!

account /!
accountable!!
responsible!

accountable!adj!
accountability!nU!

accumulate/(
cumulative(

accurate(

(
(

(
(

(
accurate!adj!

accuse(

accusation!nC!

accustom!!see!also!

accuse!vT/accuse(sb(
of(sth(
(

(
accurately!adv!
accuracy!nU!
(

accumulate!vT!
accumulation!nCU!
(
(

accustom!vT!

account /accounts!!
financial!records!

account !!report,!
explanation!
3
account /on(account(
of!!!reason,!because!
of!
4

cumulative!adj(
inaccurate!neg!adj!

X(

accomplished!adj!
of(ones(own(accord(
in(accord(with(
in(accordance(with(
with(one(accord(
(

deposit(account!nC!
Brit!!=!savings(
account!!nC!Am;!!see!
1
also!@!deposit ,!
save(
by(all(accounts(
on(account(of(
on(no(account(
take(into(account(
take(account(of(
unaccountable!neg!
adj!
hold(to(account(
call(to(account(
!
cumulatively!adv(
inaccuracy!nCU!
inaccurately!neg!adv!
accused!nC!
accuser!nC!
accustomed!adj!

4!

headword(

@!custom

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

1(

ache(

achieve(

achieve!vIT!

achievement!nCU!

ache!nC!
backache!nU!!see!
2!
also!@!back
earache!nU!!see!also!
1!
@!ear
headache!nCU!!see!
1!
also!@!head
stomach(ache!nCU!!
see!also!@!stomach(
toothache!nU!!see!
also!@!tooth(
(

acid(

acid!nCU!

acknowledge(

acknowledge!vT!

acoustic(

acknowledgment/(
acknowledgement!nCU!
acoustic!adj!

acquaint(

acquaintance!nC!

acquaint!vT!formal!

acquire/acquisition(

acquire!vT!

acquisition!nCU!

acre(

acre!nC!

(
(

(
(

(
(

(
(

ache!vI!
(

X(

unaccustomed!neg!
adj!
(
bellyache!nC!
informal!
bellyache!vI!informal!!
see!also!@!belly(
heartache!nU!!see!
1!
also!@!heart

achiever!nC!
achievable!adj!
acid!adj!!sour!
acidic!adj!
acidify!vT!
acidity!nU!
nitric(acid!nU!!see!
also!@!nitrate(
sulphuric(acid!nU!
Brit/!sulfuric(acid!nC!
Am!!see!also!@!
sulphur/(sulfur!
(
acoustics!nU/n!pl!
acoustically!adv!
(
acquired!adj!
acquisitive!adj!
acreage!nU!

5!

headword(

across(

act !!do!sth,!sth!
done/active/(
interact/react(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

across!adv,!prep!!
from!one!side!to!the!
other!
act!nC!!sth!done!
act!vI!!do!sth!
action!nCU!!sth!done!
action!nC!!movement!

across!adv,!prep!!on!
the!other/opposite!
side!
(

active!adj!!energetic!
activity!nCU!

actively!adv!
!

activation!nU!
activism!nU!
inactive!adj!

active!adj!!not!
passive/dormant!
activate!vT!
activist!nC!
(

interaction!nU!

interact!vI!

interactive!adj!!
communicative(

take(action!
in/out(of(action(
inaction!nU!
act(on!phr!v!
act(up!phr!v!
in(the(act((of)(
inactivity!nU!
deactivate!vT!
deactivated!adj!
reactivate!vT!
counteract!vT!
counteraction!nC!
(

interactive!adj!!
computer,!etc(
(

proactive!adj(

reaction!nC!!physical,! (
emotional!reaction!

react!vI!!respond!
reaction!nC!!
response!

reactor!nC!

reactive!adj!

overreact!vI!
overreaction!nCU!

act !!take!part!in!
play,!film,!etc!
3
act !!law!

actor!nC!

act!nC!

enact!vT!

actual(

actual!adj!!real!
actually!adv!!in!fact!

acting!nU!!job!of!an!
actor!
action!nCU!!legal!action!
enactment!nU!
(

act(out!phr!v!

act!nC!!art!of!a!play!
act!vIT!
(

react!vI!!chemically!
change!
reaction!nC!!
chemical!
actress!nP!

acute(

acute!adj!

acutely!adv!

actual!adj!!factual!
actually!adv!!
emphatic!
(

(
(

6!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

adapt(

adapt!vIT!

adaptation!nC!

adaptive!adj!

ad!!see!@!advertise/(
advertisement(
add/addition(

ad!nC!abbrev!esp!Am!

add!vT!!total!

add!vT!!include!sth!
extra!
add!vT!!say!sth!extra!
add!vI!!increase/add(
to(

added!adj!

additional!adj!

in(addition((to)!adv,!
prep!

additionally!adv!

addition!nU!!act!of!
adding;!
mathematical!
process!
addition!nC!!sth!
added!
(

addict!nC!
addicted!adj!

addiction!nCU!
addictive!adj!

address !!postal!
details!

address !!speak!to!sb!

address!nC!
address!vT!!write!
address!on!sth!
(

drug(addict!nC/drug(
addiction!nU!!see!
2!
also!@!drug
non;addictive!neg!
adj!
addressed!adj!

adequate(

adequate!adj!

address!vT!
address!nC!!speech!
(

adequately!adv!
inadequate!neg!adj!

inadequacy!nCU!

adhere(

adhere!vI!
adherence!nU!
adhesion!nU!
adhesive!nCU!

adequacy!nCU!
inadequately!neg!
adv!
adherent(nC!

addict(

adaptable!adj!
unadaptable!neg!adj!
classified(ad!nC!
small(ad!nC!
additive!nC!
add(in!phr!v!
add(on!phr!v!
add(up!phr!v!!total!
add(up!phr!v!!make!
sense!
add(up(to!phr!v!
(

7!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

adjacent(

adjacent!adj!

adhesive!adj!
(

adjective(

adjective!nC!

adjectival!adj!

adjoin!!see!also!@!
join(
adjourn(

adjourn!vIT!

adjoin!vT!
adjoining!adj!
adjournment!nC!

adjust(

adjust!vI!!adapt!

adjustable!adj!

administer(

administration!nU!
management!

adjust!vIT!alter,!tune!
adjustment!nCU!
administrative!adj(

administer!vT!!
manage,!organize!
administrator!nC!
!

admiral(

administer!vT!!
deliver!exam,!
punishment,!
medicine,!etc!
administration!nCU!!
government,!regime!
administration!nC!!
delivery!of!exam,!
punishment,!
medicine,!etc!
(

admiral!nC!

admiralty!n!sing!Brit!

admire(

admire!vT!

admiration!nU!

admirable!adj!

admit!vIT!

admission!nC!

admittedly!adv!

admirably!adv!
admirer!nC!
admiring!adj!
admiringly!adv!
(

admit !!allow!entry!

admittance!nU!

adolescence(

admit!vT!
admission!nU!
(

adopt !!child!

adopt!vIT!

adoption!nCU!

adolescence!nU!
adolescent!nC!
adolescent!adj!
(

adopt!vT!

admit !!confess!

adopt !!new!
!

adopted!adj!
adoptive!adj!
(

8!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

behaviour!
adore(

adorn(

adore!vT!
adoration!nU!
adorn!vT!

adult(

adult!nC!

adult!adj!

adulthood!nU!

adultery(

adultery!nU!

advance/advanced!

advance!vT!!support,!
promote,!etc!

advance!nC!!early!
payment!
advancement!nU!

advantage(

advantage(nC!

advance!vI!!move!
forward!
advance!nCU!!
forward!movement!
advance!nCU!!
progress!
advanced!adj!!
modern!
advanced!adj!!high!
level!
in(advance((of)(
(

advantageous!adj!

disadvantage!nCU!

advent(

advent!nCU!

adventure(

adventure!nCU!

adventurous!adj!
adventurer!nC!

adverb(

adverb!nC!

X(

adoring!adj!
adoringly(adv!
adornment!nCU!
adorned!adj!
unadorned!neg!adj!
(
adulterous!adj!
adulterer!nC!
advance!adj!!early!

advantageously!adv!
take(advantage(of(
sb/sth(
to(sbs(advantage(
disadvantaged!neg!
adj!
disadvantageous!
neg!adj!
(
unadventurous!neg!
adj!
misadventure!nCU!
(

9!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

adverse(

advertise(

advice(

advocate(

advice!nU!!
suggestion,!warning!
advise!vIT!!suggest,!
warn!
(

advertise!vIT!
(
advertisement!nC!
ad!nC!abbrev!esp!Am!
advert!nC!abbrev!esp!
Brit!
advertising!nU!
adviser/advisor!nC!
(

aerial !!in!the!air!

aeroplane/airplane!!
!
see!also!@!plane
aesthetic/esthetic(

X(

adversity!nCU!
adversarial!adj!
advertising(agency!
nC!!see!also!@!
agent/agency(

advisory!adj!

advice!nU!!information!
advise!vIT!!inform!
advisable!adj!

advisedly!adv!
advisory!nC!Am!

advocate!vT!

advocate!nC!

advocacy!nU!

aerial!nC!

aerial!adj!

plane!nC!
by(plane(
(

aeroplane!nC!Brit!
airplane!nC!Am!
(

aesthetic!adj!Brit/!
esthetic!adj!Am!

affair(

affair!nC!usu!pl!!
matter,!business!

affair!nC!!sexual!
liaison!

affect!!see!also!@!
effect(
affection(

affect!vT!!influence!

aesthetically!adv!
Brit/!esthetically!adv!
Am!
current(affairs!n!pl!!
1(
see!also!@!current
state(of(affairs!n!sing!!
1(
see!also!@!state
(

affection!nCU!

affectionate!adj!

affiliation(

affiliation!nC!
affiliate!nC!

adverse!adj!

C2(

adversely!adv!
adversary!nC!
advertiser!nC!

aerial !!antenna!

C1(

affectionately!adv!
unaffectionate!neg!
adj!
affiliate!vT!
affiliated!adj!
unaffiliated!neg!adj!

10!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

affirm(

affluent(

afford(

afford!vT!

afraid!adj!!scared!

afraid !!regret!

after(

C1(

C2(

X(

affirmation!nCU!

affirm!vT!
affirmative!adj!
(

affluent!adj!

affluence!nU!

affordable!adj!

unaffordable!neg!adj!

afraid!adj!!worried!

unafraid(!neg!adj!

afraid!adj!!regret(

after!adv,!prep!!later!
in!time!
after!adv,!prep!!
behind,!lower!down,!
etc!
after!conj!
(

Im(afraid(I((
Im(afraid(not!(
after(all(
afterlife!nC!!see!also!
@!life(
(for)(ever(after(

afternoon!!see!also!
@!noon(

afternoon!nCU!

afterwards/(
afterward!!see!also!
2(
@!ward
again(

afterwards!adv!Brit/(
afterward!adv!Am!

good(afternoon!
exclam!!see!also!@!
4(
good
(

aftermath!nC!usu!
sing(
(

again!adv!!repeated!

again!adv!!as!before!

again(and(again(

against!prep!

now(and(again(
every(now(and(again(
over(and(over(again(
time(and((time)(
again(
be(against(sb/sth(

against!prep!

age!nCU!!time!alive!

age!nC!!period!of!
history!
aged!adj!

age!!vI!

ageing!nU!Brit/(aging! age!nC!!old!age!
nU!Am!
middle(age!nU!

afraid !!scared!

aftermath!(

against !!versus!
against !!beside,!
touching!
age(

ages/for(ages!!a!long!
time!
at(the(age(of((

11!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

old(age!nU!!see!also!
@!old(
teenager!nC!
(

B2(

C1(

C2(

teenage!adj!
(

middle;aged!adj!!see!
also!@!middle(
(
(

(
(

X(

age;old!adj!

(
agency!nC!
agent!nC!!
representative!
(

(
(

travel(agent!nC!!see!
also!@!travel(
newsagent!nC!!see!
also!@!news(

agenda(

agenda!nC!

aggressive(

aggression!nU!

ago!adv,!prep!

aggressive!adj!!warlike!
aggressively!adv!
(

aggressor!nC!

ago(

aggressive!adj!!
militant,!foreful!
(

agony(

agony!nCU!

agree(

agree!vIT!!share!
opinion!
agreement!nCU!
(

agree!vIT!!agree!to!
do!sth!

agreed!adj!

agreeable!adj!

agonize(vI!
agonized!adj!
agonizing!adj!
agony(aunt!nC!
agree!vI!!be!the!same!

disagree!vI!

disagreement!nCU!

agency/agent(

(
agent!nC!!spy!
secret(agent!nC!!see!
also!@!secret(
advertising(agency!
nC!!see!also!@!
advertise/(
advertising(
dating(agency!nC!!
2(
see!also!@!date
estate(agent!nC!Brit!!
1
see!also!@!estate (
real(estate(agent!nC!
Am!!see!also!@!
1(
estate
(

disagreeable!neg!adj!
gentlemans(
agreement!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!gentle

12!

headword(

A1(

A2(

agriculture(

ah!(

ahead(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

agriculture!nU!
agricultural!adj!
(

ah!/ahem!!exclam!

ahead!adv!!in!front!

ahead(of(

aid(

aid!nU!!help,!
assistance!

aid!vT!formal!

AIDS/Aids(

aim!vI!
aim!nC!
(

AIDS/aids!nU!abbrev!
=!acquired!immune!
deficiency!syndrome!
(

ahead!adv!!early!
get(ahead((of)(
go(ahead(
aid!nC!!supporting!
material!or!devoce!
first(aid!nU!!see!also!
@!first(
legal(aid!nU!!see!also!
@!legal(
aide!nC!
(

aim!vIT!
aim!nCU!
(

air;conditioning!nU/(
air;conditioned!adj!!
see!also!@!
1!
condition

air!vT!!ventilate!

aircraft!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!craft
aeroplane!nC!Brit!
airplane!nC!Am!

aircraft(carrier!nC!!
see!also!@!carry/(
carrier(
air(force!nC!!see!also!

air(raid!nC!!see!also!
@!raid(

aim !!intend,!strive!
for!
2
aim !!target!

air !!gas,!atmosphere! air!nU!

air !!space!above!
ground!

air!nU!
by(air(
(

aimless!neg!adj!
aimlessly!neg!adv!
take(aim(

airtight!adj!!see!also!
@!tight(
clear(the(air(
in(the(air(
open;air!adj!!see!also!
@!open(
up(in(the(air(
(
mid;air!adj!!see!also!
@!mid;(
airborne!adj!!see!also!@! airman!nC!!see!also!
3(
3(
bear
@!man
airfield!nC!!see!also!@!
airstrike!nC!!see!also!
1(
1(
field
@!strike

13!

headword(

A1(

A2(

airport!nC

air !!broadcast!

aircraft!!see!also!@!
2!
air

aircraft!nC!!see!also!
2
@!craft (

airline/airliner(

airplane/aeroplane!!
!
see!also!@!plane
airport(

plane!nC!
by(plane(
(

aisle(

B1(

B2(

C1(

4!

@!force
air(hostess!nC!!see!
also!@!host/hostess(
airline!nC!
airmail!nU!
airmail(!vT!!see!also!
@!mail(
(

C2(

airliner!nC

X(

airstrip!nC!!see!also!
@!strip(

air!vIT!

aircraft(carrier!nC!!
see!also!@!carry/(
carrier(
airline!nC(

aeroplane!nC!Brit!
airplane!nC!Am(
airport!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!port
(

airliner!nC!!see!also!@!
liner(
(

aisle!nC!

akin((see!also!@(kin!

akin!adj!

alarm(

alarm!vT!!create,!feel! alarming!adj!
fear!
burglar(alarm!nC!!see!
also!@!burglar(
!

alarmed!adj!

alas!(

alarm!nU!!fear!
alarm!nC!!warning!
device!
alarm(clock!nC!!see!
also!@!clock(
fire(alarm!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!fire
(

alas!!exclam!

albeit(

albeit!conj!formal!

album(

album!nC!!book,!
collection,!etc!

airing!nC!
on((the)(air(
off((the)(air(
(

14!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

alcohol(

ale(

album!nC!!recorded!
music!
alcohol!nU!
alcoholic!adj!
(

alert(

algebra(

alert!adj!
alert!vT!
alert!nC!
algebra!nU!

algorithm(

algorithm!nC!

alien(

alien!nC!!foreigner!

alien!adj!

align(

alien!nC!!extraL
terrestrial!
non;aligned!adj!

alike(

alike!adj/adv!

alienate!vT!
alienation!nU!
align!vIT!
alignment!nU!
(

alive!!see!also!@!life,(
live(
all(

alive!adj!

all!det!!every!one!
all!adv!!completely!

all(right/alright!adv,!
adj,!exclam;!!see!also!
1(
@!right

allege(

allege!vT!
allegation!nC!
alleged!adj!

allegedly!adv!

alcoholic!nC!

ale!nU!
(

alcoholism!nU!
non;alcoholic!adj!
ginger(ale!nU!!see!
also!@!ginger(
on(the(alert(

algebraic!adj!

lookalike!nC!!see!also!
2(
@!look
(
above(all(
after(all(
all(but!!see!also!@!
2!
but
all(in(all(
all(over(
at(all(
for(all(
all(the(same(
in(all(
(

15!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

allegiance(

allegiance!nCU!

alleviate(

alleviate!vT!

alleviation!nU!

alley(

alley!nC!

alpine(

alpine!adj!

alleyway(nC!!see!also!
2(
@!way
(

ally(

allied!adj!

ally!vT!

allocate(

ally!nC!
alliance!nC!
(

allocate!vT!

allocation!nC!

allocated!adj!

allow!vT!

allowed!adj!

disallow!vT!

allow !!provide!

allow!vT!

all(right/alright((!see!
1
also!@!right (
almighty!!see!also!@!
2
might /mighty(
almost(

all(right/alright(!adj/!
adv/exclam!
(

allowance!nC!!
payment!
(

almighty!adj!

almost!adv!

alone(

alone!adv,!adj!!by!
oneself!

leave/let(alone(

along(

along!prep,!adv!!
down!a!road,!etc!
(

alone!adv,!adj!!only!
alone!adv,!adj!!
isolated!
along!prep!!beside!

alongside!prep,!adv!

aloud!adv!!out!loud!

all(along(
along(with(
(

alphabet!nC!

alphabetical(order!
1(
nC!!see!also!@!order
(

also(

already!adv!!by!now,!
previously!
also!adv!

alphabetical!adj!
alphabetically!adv!
(

altar(

altar!nC!

allow !!permit!

aloud!!see!also!@!
loud(
alphabet(
already(

16!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

alter(

alter!vIT!

alteration!nCU!

alternate(

alternate!adj!

alternative(

alternatively!adv!

although!see!also!@!
though(
altitude(

although!conj!

alternative!nC!
alternative!adj!
(

altered!adj!
unaltered!neg!adj!
alternate!vI!
alternation!nU!
alternately!adv!
have(no(alternative(
but((
(

altitude!nCU!

altogether(

aluminium/(
aluminum(
always(

altogether!adv!!in!
total,!totally!
(

always!adv!

aluminium!nU!Brit/!
aluminum!nU!Am!
(

a.m.!!see!also!@!
p.m.(
amass!!see!also!@!
1!
mass
amateur(

a.m./A.M.!!abbrev!

amass(vT!

amateurish!adj!

amaze(

amazement!nU!
amazingly!adv!
(

ambassador!!see!
also!@!embassy(
ambiguity(

amaze!vIT!
amazing!adj!
ambassador!nC!

amateur!nC!
amateur!adj!
amazed!adj!

ambition(

ambition!nCU!

ambitious!adj!

ambiguity!nCU!
ambiguous!adj!
(

unambiguous!neg!adj!
(
(

ambulance(

ambulance!nC!

unambiguously!neg!
adv!
ambitiously!adv!
unambitious!neg!adj!
(

amend(

amendment!nC!

amend!vT!

17!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

amid!!see!also!@!
middle(
ammunition(

amid!prep!

amidst!prep!

ammunition!nU!

ammo!nU!informal!

among/amongst(

among!prep!!one!of!+! (
superlative!

amount(

among/amongst!
prep!!amid,!
surrounded!by!
amount!nCU!

amount!vI/amount(
to!!constitute!
ample!adj!

ample(

amount!vT!!add!up!
to!
(

amply!adv!

amuse(

amuse!vIT!!cause!
laughter(

amusement(nC!!sth!
that!amuses!

amused!adj!
amusing!adj!

an!!see!@!a(

an!det!

amusement!nU!!
state!of!being!
amused!
(

analogy(

analogy!nCU!

analogous!adj!

analyse/analyze(

analysis!nCU(

analyst!nC!

analytic/(analytical!adj!

analyze!vT/analyse!
vT!Brit!
(

psychoanalyst!nC!

anatomy(

psychoanalysis!nU!
psychoanalytic!adj!
anatomy!nU!

ancestor(

ancestor!nC!

anchor(

anchor!nC!!large!
weight!

ancient(

ancient!adj!

ancestral!adj!
ancestry!nU!
anchor!nC!!stabilising!
factor!
anchor!vIT!!use!an!
anchor!
anchor!vT!!attach!firmly!
(

and/&(

and!conj!!in!addition,!
as!well!
&!!conj!abbrev!

and!conj!!to!

and/or(

anatomical!adj!
anatomically!adv!
anatomist!nC!
(
anchored!adj!

ancient!nC!
and(so(on(

18!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

angel(

and!conj!!if!
(

anger/angry(

angry!adj!

angle(

B2(

C1(

anger!nU!

angel!nC!!heavenly!
creature!
(

angle!nC!!corner,!etc!

triangle!nC!

angler(

anguish(

animal(

animal!nC!

animate/animation(

ankle(

C2(

X(

angel(nC!!good!person!
angelic!adj!
angrily!adv!

archangel!nC!

angle!vT!

angle!nC!!approach!
angular!adj!
rectangle!nC!
rectangular!adj!
triangular!adj!
angler!nC!

anguish!nU!

anguished!adj!

animal!adj!

animate!vT!

ankle!nC!

animated!adj!
animation!nCU!
animate!adj!
(

anniversary(

anniversary!nC!

announce(

announce!vT!!!

announcement!nC!

announcer!nC!

annoy(

annoyance!nCU!

annual(

annual!adj!

annoy!vT!
annoyed!adj!
annoying!adj!
(

unannounced!neg!
adj!
annoyingly!adv!

annually!adv!

anonymous(

anonymous!adj!

another(

another(det,!pron!!
one!more!
another(det,!pron!!a!
similar,!different!one!
another(det,!pron!!in!

anonymity!nU!
anonymously!adv!
(

anger!vT!

in(anger(

angling!nU!

annual!nC!!book,!
plant,!etc!
(
another(one(
one((after(another(
one(another(
one(way(or(another(

19!

headword(

answer(

A1(

addition!
answer!vIT!!reply,!
respond!
answer!nCU!

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

ant(

ant!nC!

antenna(

anthropology(

antibiotic(

antibody(

antibody!nC!

anticipate(

anticipate!vT!

anticipation!nU!

antique(

antiquity!nU!

anxiety/anxious(

anxiously!adv!

any(

any(det,!pron!!in!negs! any!det,!pron!!no!
and!questions!
matter!what,!
whatever!
anybody!pron!
(
anyone!pron!
anything!pron!
anyway!adv!
anywhere!adv!
anybody!pron!no!
(
matter!who!

anxiety!nU!!worry!
anxious!adj!worried!
any!det!!even!a!little!
any!adv!!with!
comparatives!
anyhow!adv(

antique!nC!
antique!adj!
(

anticipated!adj!
unanticipated!neg!
adj!
(

answerphone!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!phone

X(

unanswered!neg!adj!
unanswerable!neg!
adj!
in(answer(to(
(
anteater!nC!
have(ants(in(your(
pants(
antenna!nC!!insect!body! (
part!
antenna!nC!!aerial!
anthropology!nU!
(
anthropologist!nC!
anthropological!adj!
antibiotic!nC!
antibiotic!adj!

anybody!!see!also!@!
somebody(

C2(

answering!adj!

20!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

anybody!pron!!in!neg!
and!questions!
(
(

anyhow!adv!

anyone!pron!

anything!pron!!sth!in!
neg!and!questions!

anything!pron!!
whatever!is!available!

anyway!!see!also!@!
2(
way
anywhere!!see!also!
@!somewhere(
apart(

anyway!adv!!in!negs!
and!questions!
anywhere!adv!!in!
negs!and!questions!
(

anyway!adv!!in!any!
way!possible!
anywhere!adv!!
wherever!possible!
apart(from!prep!!not!
counting!

anything(but((
anything(like(
for(anything(
(

far(apart(
take(apart!phr!v!!see!
2(
also!@!take

apartheid(

apart!adj!!separated! (
apart!adv!!separated,!
distant!
apart!adv!!separated!
into!parts!
(
(

apartheid!nU!

apartment(

apologize(

apostrophe(

apartment!nC!esp!
Am!
apologize(vI!
apology!nCU!
(

apostrophe!nC!

apologetic!adj!
unapologetic!neg!adj!
(

appal/appall(

appalling!adj!

apparatus(

apparatus!nU!

appal!vT!Brit/appall!
vT!Am!
appalled!adj!
(

apparent!adj!

unapparent!neg!adj!

appeal!vI!
appeal!nC!

anyhow!!see!also!@!
somehow(
anyone!!see!also!@!
someone(
anything!!see!also!@!
something(

apparent!!see!also!@! apparently!adv!
1&2(
appear
1
appeal !!urgent!
(
request!
!

21!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

appeal!vI!
appeal!nU!

appealing!adj!

appear!vI!
(

(
disappear!vI(

appearance!nCU!
(

(
(

(
(

appear!vI!

appearance!nCU!

appeal!vI!esp!Brit/(
appeal(against((phr!v/!
appeal!vT!esp!Am!
appeal!nC!
(
disappearance!nCU!
disappearing!adj!
appearances!npl!

appendix!nC!

appendicitis!nU!

appendix !!extra!
section!in!document!
appetite(

appendix!nC!

append(vT!formal!

appetite!nUC!

applause(

apple(

apple!nC!

applause!nU!
applaud!vIT(
!

appetizer!nC!
appetizing!adj!
unappetizing!neg!adj!
(

apply !!request!for!
sth,!e.g.!a!job!
2
apply !!use!effort!to!
do!sth!
3
apply !!be!relevant!

apply!vI/apply(for(

application!nC!

applicant!nC!

application(form!nC!!
2(
see!also!@!form
apply!vT!

application!nCU!

appoint/(
1
appointment !!giving!
a!job!to!sb!
2
appointment !!
meeting!

appoint!vT!

appointed!adj!
appointment!nC!

appliance!nC!!
household!machine!
applicable!adj!
applied!adj!
(

misapply!vT!usu!pass!
misapplication!nU!
apply!vI!
inapplicable!neg!adj!
(

appointment!nC!

appeal !!attraction!

appeal !!challenge!a!
verdict!

appear !!be!seen!

appear !!seem!
appendix !!body!part!

pineapple!nC!

appealingly!adv!
unappealing!neg!adj!
sex(appeal!nU!!see!
1!
also!@!sex
appellant!adj!

to(all(appearances(
disappearance!nCU(
(

apple(pie!nC!!see!
also!@!pie(
(

22!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

appraisal(

appraisal!nC!

appraise(!vT!formal!

appreciate!!like,!
understand!
apprentice(

appreciate!vT!!!

appreciation!nU!

appreciative!adj!

approach!vIT!
(
approach!nC!usu!sing!
approach!nC!
(
approach!vT!!tackle!a!
problem,!etc!
appropriate!adj!
(

apprentice!nC!
apprenticeship!nC!
(

unappreciative!neg!
adj!
apprentice!vT!often!
pass!
(

appropriately!adv!
inappropriate!neg!
adj!

approve!vI/approve(
of(sth!!like,!show!
agreement!
approval!nCU!
(

appropriate!vT!
appropriation!nCU!
approve!vT!!confirm,!
ratify!
approved!adj!

inappropriately!neg!
adv!
inappropriateness!
nU(
appropriated!adj!
misappropriate!vT!
approving!adj!

disapprove!vI!
disapproval!nU!

approximate(

apron((household!
protective!garment(
apt(

approximately!adv!
approximate!adj!
(

approximate!vIT!
approximation!nCU!
apron!nC!

apt!adj!

aquatic(

aquatic!adj!

approach !!get!close!
2

approach !!method!

appropriate !!
suitable!

appropriate !!
confiscate!
approve(

disapproving!neg!adj!
disapprovingly!neg!
adv!
unapproving!neg!adj!
(
(
aptly!adv!
aptness!nU!
inapt!neg!adj!
aquarium!nC!

23!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

arbitrary(

arbitrary!adj!

arbitrarily!adv!

arc(

arc!nC!

arc!vI!

arcade(

arcade!nC!

arch(

arch!nC!

arch!vIT!

archaeology/(
archeology(

arched!adj!
arching!adj!
archway!nC!
(

archbishop!!see!also!
@!bishop(
architect(

archaeology!nU!Brit/(
archeology!nU!Am!
archaeologist!nC!
Brit/archeologist!nC!Am!
archaeological!adj!
Brit/archeological!adj!
Am!
archbishop!nC(
(

architectural!adj!

archive(

architect!nC!
architecture!nU!
(

archive!nC!

area(

area!nC!!space,!
region!

area!nU!!measure!

arena(

arena!nC!

archive!vT!
archivist!nC!
area!nC!!topic,!
subject!
grey(area!nC!Brit!/!
gray(area!!nC!Am!!
see!also!@!grey/gray(
(

argue(

argue!vI!!disagree!
verbally!
argument!nC!!verbal!
disagreement!
(

argue!vIT!!persuade,!
give!reasons!

argument!nCU!!
reasoning!

arguably!adv!

arise!vI!!rise!
arise!vI!!appear!

arise!!see!also!@!rise(

arguable!adj!
unarguable!neg!adj!
unarguably!neg!adv!
argumentative!adj!
(

24!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

aristocrat(

arithmetic(

arm!nC!!body!part!

arm!nC!!armLshaped!
object!

arm !!body!part,!etc!

arm !!supply!
weapons;!!see!also!
@!army(

armour/armor(

C2(

X(

aristocrat!nC!
aristocracy!nU!
aristocratic!adj!
arithmetic!nU!

armchair!nC!!see!also! (
1(
@!chair

arms!n!pl!
armed!adj!

arm!vT!

firearm!nC!!see!also!@!
2!
fire

armour!nU!Brit/!
armor!nU!Am!

armoured!adj!Brit/!
armored!adj!Am!

arm!nC!!branch!of!
organization!
arm(in(arm(
fold(your(arms!!see!
also!@!fold(
with(open(arms!
armpit!nC!!see!also!
@!pit(
forearm!nC!!see!also!
@!fore(
underarm!nC!
unarmed!neg!adj!
armed(forces!n!pl!!
4!
see!also!@!force
be(up(in(arms((about(
sth)(
disarm!vIT!
disarmament!nU!
lay(down(ones(arms!
phr!v!!!surrender;!!
(
see!also!@!lay
armoury!nC!Brit/!
armory!nC!Am!
armoured/armored(
car!nC!!see!also!@!
1(
car
armour/armor(plate!
nU/armour/armor;
plated!adj!!see!also!
(
@!plate

arithmetical!adj!

25!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

army(

army!nC!!military!

army!nC!!large!group!

aroma(

around!adv,!prep!!on!
all!sides!

around !!
approximately!
arouse(

around!adv,!prep!!
nearby!
around!adv,!prep!!
here!and!there!
around!adv!

aroma!nC!
aromatic!adj!
(

arouse!vT!

arousal!nU!

round(about(adv!
informal!
aroused!adj!

arrange(

rearrange!vT!
rearrangement!nCU!

array(

arrange!vIT!!put!into!
order!
arrange!vIT!!plan!
arrangement!nU!!
order!
arrangement!nC!
often!pl!!plan!
(

array!nC!

arrest(

arrest!vT!!stop!

arrive(

arrive(!vI!!happen!

arrogance(

arrive!vI!!reach!
somewhere!
(

arrest!vT!!apprehend!
criminal,!etc!
arrest!nCU!
arrival!nCU!

array!vT!
disarray!nU!
(

arrogantly!adv!

arrow(

art!nUC!!painting,!etc!
artist!nC!!painter!

art(gallery!nC!!see!
also!@!gallery(

arrow!nC!!archery!
arrow!nC!!sign!
art!nC/arts!!
humanities!
artistic!adj!

arrogance!nU!
arrogant!adj!
(
(

arts(and(crafts!n!pl!!
1(
see!also!@!craft

around !!on!all!sides,!
etc!

art !!painting!etc!

artwork!nU!!see!also!
3
@!work (
work(of(art!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!work

be(around(
hang(around(

26!

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2

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

art !!skill!

art!nC!

artefact/artifact(

artery(

arthritis(

article!nC!

article !!grammar!

C2(

X(

artistry!nU!

artery!nC!

martial(art!nC!!see!also!
@!martial(
artefact(!nC!esp!Brit/(
artifact!nC!esp!Am!
(

arthritis!nU!

arthritic!adj!

article!nC!

article!nC!

articulate!!speak!

articulate!vT!formal!

articulation!nU!

artificial(

artificial!adj!

artificially!adv!

artillery(

artillery!nU!

definite(article!nC!
indefinite(article!nC!
articulate!adj!
inarticulate!neg!adj!
artificiality!nU!
artificial(intelligence!
nU!!see!also!@!
1!
intelligence
(

as!adv,!prep!

as!conj!

as!conj!
as((as(
(

as(well(

as(well(as!!!

as(!conj!!while!
as!!conj!!when!
(

so(as(to(

as(far(as(

as(far(as(possible(
as(far(as(I(know(

article !!report!in!
journal,!etc!
2
article !!item!
3

as !!!like!
as ((because(
as /asas!!
comparative!
4
as /as(well((as)!!in!
addition!
5
as !!while,!when((
as /so(as(to(
as /as(far(as(

(
arterial!adj!

27!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

as(for(

as(regards(

as(to(

as /as(long(as!!
conditional!
11
as /as(soon(as/as(
soon(as(possible(
ascend(

10

as(if(
as(though(
as(long(as(

as(soon(as(
as(soon(as(possible(
(

ascertain!!see!also!@!
1!
certain
ascribe(

ascertain!vIT!formal!

ascend!vT!formal!
ascent!nC!
(

asap!abbrev!=!as!
soon!as!possible!
(

ascribe!vI!

ash(

ash!nUC!

ashamed!!see!also!@!
1(
shame
ashore!!see!also!@!
shore(
aside(

ashamed!adj!

ashtray!nC!!see!also!@!
tray(
(

ash(cloud!nC!!see!
also!@!cloud(
(

ashore!adv!

aside!nC!

ask!vIT!!enquire!
ask(vI/ask(for!!phr!v!
request!
(

asleep!adj!

aside!adv/aside(
from!!not!including!
ask(after!phr!v!!
enquire!about!sbs!
health!
(

ask(

aside!adv!!to!one!
side!
ask!vT!!invite!

aspect!nC!

fall(asleep!!see!also!
1!
@!fall
(

aspire(

aspiration!nC!

aspire!vI!

aspiring!adj!

aspirin(

aspirin!nC!

ass(

ass!nC!esp!Brit!!
donkey!

ass!nC!informal!!idiot!
asinine!adj!

as /as(for(
as /as(if(

asleep!!see!also!@!
1(
sleep
aspect(

28!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

assassinate(

assassination!nCU!

assault(

assault!nCU!

assault!vT!

assemble(

assembly!nC!!
parliament,!etc!

assemble!vT!!
congregate!

assemble!vT!!
construct,!put!
together!

assert(

assert!vT!

assertion!nC!

assertive!adj!

assess(

assessor!nC!

asset(

assess!vT!
assessment!nCU!
asset!nC!

assault(course!nC!!
5(
see!also!@!course
assembly!nC!!
meeting!
assembly!nU!!
construction!
assembly(point!nC!!
2(
see!also!@!point
assertiveness!nU!
assert(oneself(
(

assign(

assigned!adj!

assist(

assistance!nU!

assisted!adj!
unassisted!neg!adj!

associate/dissociate(

associate!vT!!connect! association!nC!!
mentally!
society,!club!
association!nC!!
mental!connection!

assign!vT!!allocate!
assignment!nCU!!
task,!job,!etc!
assist!vIT!
assistant!adj!
assistant!nC!!helper,!
worker!
shop(assistant!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!shop
(

associate!adj!

associate!nC!!
colleague!
associate!vIT!!relate!
to!sb!
association!nU!!
collaboration!
(

dissociate/(
disassociate!vT!
formal!

assassinate!vT!
assassin!nC!
(

X(

29!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

(
assorted!!see!also!@!
2(
sort
assume(

assume!vT!

assumption!nC!

assure!!see!also!@!
sure(

(
(

(
(

assure!vT!
(

assurance!nU!
reassure!vT!

(
(

asthma(

astonish(

astonish!vT!

astound(

astonishment!nU!
astonishing!adj!
(

astronaut(

astronaut!nC!

astronomy(

asylum(

asylum!nC!!political!

astronomy!nU!
astronomer!nC!
astronomical!adj!!
relating!to!astronomy!
(

at(

at!prep!!point!of!time!
at!prep!!point!of!
place,!space!
(

at!prep!!located,!
living!in!
(
at(all(
at(home!!see!also!@!
home(
at(least!!see!also!@!
least(

at!prep!!point!on!a!
scale!

at(first!!see!also!@!
first(
at(last!!see!also!@!
last(
at(once!!see!also!@!
once(
at(present!!see!also!

assorted!adj!
assortment!nC!
assuming!conj/(
assuming(that(
(
reassurance!nCU!
reassuring!adj!
asthma!nU!

astound!vT!

X(

dissociation!nU!
(
(
assuredly!adv!
(
asthmatic!adj!
astonished!adj!
astonishingly!adv!
astounded!adj!
astounding!adj!
astoundingly!adv!
(
astronomical!adj!!
very!great,!
expensive,!etc!
asylum;seeker!nC!!
see!also!@!seek(
political(asylum!nU!!
see!also!@!politics(
at(all(costs!!see!also!
@!cost(
at(ease!!see!also!@!
ease/easy(
at(all(events!!see!also!
@!event(
at(first(sight!!see!also!
1
@!sight (
at(hand!!see!also!@!
hand(

30!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

@!present

athlete/athletics(

B2(

athlete!nC!

atmosphere!nCU!

atmosphere !!feeling!

atom(

atrocity(
attach(

atmospheric!adj!

atmosphere!nCU!

atom!nC!

atomic!adj!

atrocity!nC!

attachment!nC!!sth!
joined!
(

attacker!nC!

attack!nC!

atom!nC!!sth!very!
small!
atom/atomic(bomb!
nC!!see!also!@!bomb(
atrocious!adj!
atrociously!adv!
attached!adj!
unattached!neg!adj!
counterattack!nC!
counterattack!vIT!
(

attack!nC!

attack !!sudden!

X(

athletics!nU!
athletic!adj!
(

attach!vT!!join,!
fasten!
attack!vIT!

attack !!assault!

C2(

at(a(loss!!see!also!@!
loss(
at(peace!!see!also!@!
peace(
at(this(rate(
at(any(rate!!see!also!
@!rate(
at(a(time!!see!also!@!
2(
time
at(the(same(time!!
2!
see!also!@!time
at(times!!see!also!@!
2(
time
at(the(time/at(this(
time/at(that(time!!
2(
see!also!@!time
at(work!!see!also!@!
1(
work

atmosphere !!air,!etc!

C1(

2(

31!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

illness!

C1(

C2(

X(

attainment!nCU!formal!

attain(

heart(attack!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!heart
attain!vT!formal!

attempt(

attempt!nC!

attempt!vT!

attempted!adj!

attainable!adj!
unattainable!neg!adj!
(

attend!vIT!

attendance!nCU!!
number!present!

attendance!nC!!
presence!
attend!vT!

attentive!adj!
attentively!adv(

unattended!neg!adj!

attend !!!concentrate! attention!nU!

!
on/attention

attention!!!exclam!

attendant!nC!
flight(attendant!nC!!
1
see!also!@!flight !
(

attentive!adj!
attentively!adv!

attic(

attic!nC!

attend!vi!
inattention!nU!
pay(attention(
(

attitude(

attitude!nCU!

attitudinal!adj!

attorney(

attorney!nC!esp!Am!

attract(

attraction!nCU!

unattractive!neg!adj(

attribute!vT!

attraction!nC!!tourist!
site!
(

attribute(

attract!vT!
attractive!adj!
(

attribute!nC!formal!

auction(

auction!nC!

attributable!adj!
attribution!nCU!
(

attractively!adv!
attractiveness!nU!
(

audience(

audio(

audience!nC!!
viewers,!listeners!
(

audibly!adv!
inaudibly!neg!adv!

audit(

aunt(

aunt!nC!
auntie!nC!informal!

audit!nC!
audit!vT!
auditor!nC!
(

audio!adj!
audible!adj!
inaudible!neg!adj!
(

great(aunt!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!great

attend !!go!to!
meeting,!etc!
2
attend !!look!after!

auction!vT!
auctioneer!nC!
(

32!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

aura(

aura!nC!

austere(

austere!adj!

authentic(

authentic!adj!

authenticity!nU!

author(

author!nC!!writer!

author!nC!!initiator!

co;author!nC!

authority(

authority!nU!!power!
to!do!sth!

authority!nC!often!pl!! authority!nC!!expert!
sb!with!authority!
authoritarian!adj!
authorize!vT!
authoritative!adj!

auto!!see!also!@!
automobile(
autobiography((see!
also!@!biography(
automatic(

auto!nC!esp!Am!

automaker!nC!

austerity!nU!
austerely!adv!
authentically!adv!
authenticate!vT!
inauthentic!neg!adj!
author!vT!formal!
authorship!nU!
authoritatively!adv!
authorized!adj!
unauthorized!neg!
adj!
automotive!adj!

autobiography!nC!!(

autobiographical!adj!

automatically!adv!

automatic!adj!!selfL
acting!

automobile(

autonomy(

automobile!nC!esp!
Am!
auto!nC!esp!Am!
(

automatic!nC!!
automatic!car,!weapon,!
etc!
automatic!adj!!
instinctive!
automated!adj!
automation!nU!
(

autonomy!nU!

autonomous!adj!

autonomously!adv!

autumn(

autumn!nCU!esp!Brit!

autumnal!adj!

available(

available!adj!

availability!nU!

unavailable!neg!adj(

unavailability!nU!
avail!nU/of(no(avail(
avail(vI!formal/avail(
oneself(of(

33!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

avenge!!see!also!@!
vengeance(
avenue!!street!

avenue!nC!

avenge!vT!
avenger!nC(
avenue!nC!!method!

average(

average!adj!!ordinary! average!vT!

on(average(

avert(

average!nC!
average!adj!!mean,!
medium!
(

avert(!vT!

aviation(

aviation!nU!

aviator!nC!

avoid(

avoid!vT!

await!!see!also!@!
wait(
awake!!see!also!@!
wake(

await!vT!formal!

avoidance!nU!
unavoidable!neg!adj!
(

avoidable!adj!
unavoidably!neg!adv!
(

awake!adj!

awake/awaken!vIT!

award(

aware(

aware!adj!

award!nC!!!
award!vT!
(

awakening!nC! !
rude(awakening!nC!
see!also!@!rude(
(

awareness!nU!

unaware!neg!adj!

away!adv!!side!
right(away!!see!also!
4!
@!right
(

away !!sport!

away!adv!!from!
away!adv!!absent,!on!
holiday!
(

awe(

away!adj!!not!played!
at!home(
(

awe!nU!
awesome!adj!

awful((

awful!adj!!very!bad(

be/stand(in(awe(of(
overawe!vT!usu!
passive!
overawed!adj!
(

awfully(

awfully!adv!!(

awkward(

awkward!adj!

awkwardly!adv!

awkwardness!nU!

1!!

away !not!present!

be(aware/unaware(
of(
far(away(
a(long(way(away(

34!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

axe/ax(

axe!nC!Brit/ax!nC!Am!

axis(

axis!nC!

axe!vT!Brit/ax!vT!Am!
pickaxe(nC!Brit/!
pickax!nC!Am!
(

Bb(

baby(

baby!nC!
baby!adj(

babysit!vIT!
babysitter!nC!

bachelor!nC!

bachelor!nCU!

babysitting!nU!
babyish!adj!
baby(carriage!nC!Am!!
=!!pram!nC!Brit;!!see!
1
also!@!carriage ,(
pram(
bachelor(girl!nC!!see!
also!@!girl(
(

BSc/Bachelor(of(
Science(
(

background!nC!

backward!adj!
backwards!adv!Brit/(
backward!adv!Am!!
2
see!also!@!ward /;
ward(
(

backyard!nC!!see!
2
also!@!yard (

back!nC!

back(door!nC!!see!also!
@!door(
backdrop!nC!
(

bachelor !!unmarried! (
man!
2
bachelor !!degree!at! (
university!

back !adv!

back !!body!part!
!

back!adv!!opp.!front!
back!adv!!earlier!
back!adv!!in!reply,!in!
return!
back!adv!!once!again!
(

BA/Bachelor(of(Arts(

back!adj!!opp.!front!
back!nC!!rear!of!sth!
back!vT!!reverse!
!

back(and(forth(
back(away!phr!v!
back(down/off!phr!v!
back(out((of(sth)!phr!
v!
backwardness!nU!
backwards(and(
forwards!!see!also!@!
forward/forwards!
!

do(sth(behind(sbs(

35!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

backache!nU!!see!
also!@!ache(

B2(

C1(

backbone!nC!!see!
also!@!bone(

C2(

paperback!nC!!see!also!
@!paper(

backpack!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!pack
3

X(

back(
pat(on(the(back!nC!!
see!also!@!pat(
stab(in(the(back!nC!!
see!also!@!stab(
turn(ones(back(on(
sb/sth!!see!also!@!
1!
turn
backpack!vI!
backpacking!nU!
backpacker!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!pack
horseback!nU!!see!
also!@!horse(
(

back !!support!

back!vT!

backing!nU!
!

bacon(

bacon!nU!

backer!nC!
back;up!nCU!
back((sb)(up!phr!v!
(

bacterium/bacteria(

bacterial!adj!

bad!adj!!unpleasant,!
evil!

badly!adv!!severely!

bad!adj!!severe!
(weather,!illness,!etc)!

bacterium/bacteria!
nC!
(

bad;tempered!adj!!see!
also!@!temper(

badly(off!adv!
be(bad(for(sb/sth(
feel(bad(about(sth/(
sb(
not(bad!!exclam!
go(from(bad(to(
worse(
go(bad(

bad !!very!
unpleasant!

bad!adj!!poor!quality!
badly!adv!!poor!
quality!
2

bad !!rotting,!
decaying!
badly((very!much(

bad!adj!!rotting!
(
badly!adv!

badge(

badge!nC!esp!Brit!

bag/baggage(

bag!nC!

bag!vT!
bags(of!informal!lots!

36!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

handbag!nC!esp!Brit!!
see!also!@!hand(

baggage!nU!

of!
bum(bag!nC!Brit!
informal!!see!also!@!
bum(
shopping(bag!nC!!see!
1
also!@!shop /(
shopping(
sleeping(bag!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!sleep
(

bail!nU!
bail!vT!
bait!nCU!
bait!vT!
bakery!nC!
baking!nU!

baked!adj!
half;baked!adj!
informal!!see!also!@!
1
half !!
baked(bean!nC!usu!pl!!
see!also!@!bean(
counterbalance(vT!
counterbalance!nC!
unbalanced!neg!adj!
in(the(balance(
off(balance(
on(balance(
overbalance!vIT!esp!
Brit!
(

bail(

hand(baggage!nU!!
see!also!@!hand(
(

bait((!

bake(

bake!vIT!
baker!nC!

balance(

balance!vIT!!stand!
and!balance!

balance!nC!!scales!
balance!nC!!money!
remaining!

balanced!adj!
balance!vT!!equalise,!
stabilise!

imbalance!nU!

balance!nU!!state,!
ability!to!remain!
upright!
balance!nU!!equality,!
stability!
(

bank(balance!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!bank

balcony(

balcony!nC!

bald(

bald!adj!

X(

baldness!nU!
balding!adj!

37!

headword(

A1(

ball !!spherical!object! ball!nC!

(

football!nC!!
football!nU!!see!also!
@!football(

A2(

(
(

ball !!dance!

baseball!nU!esp!Am!
baseball!nC!esp!Am!
basketball!nU!esp!
Am!
(

ballet(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

(
(
ball;pen/ballpoint(
(
pen!nC!!see!also!@!
1(
pen
eyeball!nC!!see!also!
@!eye(
snowball!nC!!see!also!
@!snow(
(
volleyball!nU!

(
(

(
(

(
on(the(ball(
beach(ball!nC!!see!
also!@!beach(
mothball!nC!!see!also!
@!moth(

softball!nU!

ball!nC!

ballet!nCU!

ballroom!nC!!see!also!@! ballroom(gown!nC!!
1!
room
see!also!@!gown(
ballroom(dancing!nU!!
see!also!@!dance(
ballet(dancing!nU!
(

balloon(

balloon!nC!

ballet(dancer!nC!!!see!
also!@!dance(
(

ballot(

ballot!nCU!
ballot!vT!

bamboo(

bamboo!nU!

ban/banish(

ban!nC!
ban!vT!
(

X(

ballooning!nU!
balloonist!nC!
balloon!vI!
hot;air(balloon!nC!
ballot(box!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!box
ballot(paper!nC!!see!
(
also!@!paper
bamboo(shoots!n!pl!!
2(
see!also!@!shoot
banned!adj!
banish!vT!
banished!adj!

38!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

(
banana(

X(

banishment!nU!
banana(skin!nC!!see!
also!@!skin(
bandsman!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!man
boy;/girl;band!nC!!
see!also!@!boy,(girl(
rock(band!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!rock
disband!vI!

banana!nC!

band!nC!

band !!group!of!
people!
3
band !!strip,!stripe!

band!nC!

band!nC!
band(together!phr!v!
(

bandage(

bandage!nCU!

elastic(band!nC!!see!
also!@!elastic(
rubber(band!nC!!see!
also!@!rubber(
waist(band!nC!!see!
(
also!@!waist
bandage!vT!

bang(

bank!nC!

bank(account!nC!!see! banknote!nC!!see!
1(
4(
also!@!account
also!@!note

bang!nC!!!
bang!vIT!
banker!nC!

bankrupt!adj!
bankrupt!vT!
bankruptcy!nU!

merchant(bank!nC!!
see!also!@!merchant(
!

bank !!of!river,!etc!

bank!nC!

embankment!nC!

sandbank!nC!!see!
also!@!sand(
banner!nC!

banner(

riverbank!nC!!see!
also!@!river(
(

banquet(

banquet!nC!

bar!nC!

barman!nC!!see!also!
3(
@!man

banqueting(hall!nC!!
2(
see!also!@!hall
bartender!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!tend

band !group!of!
musicians!

bank !!financial!

bar !pub,!etc!
!

bank!vI!
banking!nU!
bank(balance!nC!!see!
also!@!balance(
bank(holiday!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!holiday(
(

39!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

barmaid!nC!!see!also!
@!maid(
sandwich(bar!nC!!see! (
also!@!sandwich(
snack(bar(nC((see!
also!@(snack(
(
bar!vT!
bar!nC!
(
(

C2(

coffee(bar!nC!!see!
also!@!coffee(

bar !!stop,!block,!etc!!
see!also!@!barrier(
3
bar !!metal!rod,!etc!

barrier!nC!

bar!nC!!metal!rod!
bar!nC!!solid!lump!
(soap,!etc)!

barbecue(

barbecue!nC!
barbecue!vIT!

barber(

barber!nC!

bare!adj!

bare!vT!

bare!adj!
barely!adv!

bargain!nC!

bargain!vI!

bare !!naked!
bare /(barely!!only!
just!

bargain !!sth!cheap!

bargain !!negotiate!

X(

nail(bar!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!nail

sound(barrier!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!sound
barred!adj!
behind(bars(
bar!vT!
bar(up!phr!v!
crowbar!nC!
barbecued!adj!
barbie!nC!informal!
BBQ(!nC/vIT!
barber(shop/(
barbers(shop!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!shop
(

bare(essentials!n!pl!!
see!also!@!essential(
bare(necessities!n!pl!!
see!also!@!
necessary/necessity(
bargain(basement!
nC!!see!also!@!
basement(
bargaining!nU!
bargain(for/on!phr!v!
drive(a(hard(bargain(
not(get(what(you(
bargained(for(

40!

headword(

barge(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

barge!nC!

X(

bargepole!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!pole

bark!vI!
bark!nC!

bark !!outer!surface!
of!tree!
barley(

bark!nU!

not(touch(with(a(
bargepole!idiom!
barking!nU!
bark(up(the(wrong(
tree!!idiom!!see!also!
@!tree(
(

barley!nU!

barn(

barn!nC!

barometer!!see!@!
1(
meter
barracks(

barnyard!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!yard
barometer!nC!

barracks!n!pl!

barrel!!wooden!
container!

barrel!nC!

have(sb(over(a(barrel(

barren(

barren!adj!

scrape(the(bottom(
of(the(barrel!!see!
also!@!scrape(
(

barrier!!see!also!@!
2!
bar
1
base !!bottom,!
foundation,!support!

barrier!nC!

base!nC!

base !!main!place,!
headquarters!
3
base !!in!sport!

base!nC!
base!v!usu!passive!
(

base/based(on/base(
sth(on!phr!v!
database!nC!!see!
also!@!data(
(

baseball!!see!also!@!

baseball!nU!esp!Am!

baseline!nC!!see!also!@!
1(
line
(

bark !!noise!of!dog!

sound(barrier!nU!!
1(
see!also!@!sound
(

base(camp!nC!!see!
also!@!camp(
base!nC!
baseball(cap!nC!!see!

41!

headword(

A1(

1!

ball
basement(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(
1(

baseball!nC!
(

basement!nC!

basically!adv!

basics!n!pl!

basin(

basis!nC!
basic!adj!
(

basin!nC!!sink!

basket(

basket!nC!

basin!nC!!river,!harbour,! (
etc!
(
(

basketball!!see!also!
2!
@!ball
bass(

basketball!nU!esp!
Am!
(

wash;basin!nC!!see!
also!@!wash(
wastepaper(basket!
nC!!see!also!@!
waste,(paper(
(

bass!nC!

bastard(

bastardize!vT!
bastardized!adj!

bat !in!sport!

batch(

bastard!nC!!person!
whose!parents!are!
not!married!
bastard!nC!!offensive!
insult!
bat!nC!
bat!vI!
(

batch!nC!

bath/bathe(

bath!nC!!tub!
bath!nC!esp!Brit!!
activity!
bath!vIT!esp!Brit!
bathe!vIT!esp!Am!!
wash!
bathe!vI!!swim!
bathroom!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!room

batsman!nC!!see!also!
3!
@!man
batch!vT!
batched!adj!
(

sunbathe!vI!
sunbathing!nU!
sunbather!nC!!see!

basis/basic(

also!@!cap
bargain(basement!
nC!!see!also!@!
1(
bargain
(

bathtub!nC!esp!Am!!
see!also!@!tub(
bathing(costume!nC!!

42!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(
(

batter!!hit!

also!@!sun(
(

battery!!electric!cell!

battery!nC!

battle(

battle!nC!!military!
engagement!
battle!nCU!!struggle!

bay(

bay!nC!!inlet!

battle!vIT!!fight!
battle!vIT!!struggle!
battlefield!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!field
(

be!aux!

bay!nC!!in!building!
loading(bay!nC!!see!also!
1
@!load /loading(
(

be!verb/linking!verb! being!nCU!
presence,!existence;!
human(being!nC!!see!
position!in!space!or!
also!@!human(
time;!
personal!description!
!name,!age,!job,!etc;!
composition;!
health!!well,!ill,!etc!

be!verb!cost!

bring/come(into(
being(

be !!aux!
be !!be!present,!exist!

batter!vT!
battered!adj!
(
(

see!also!@!costume
battering!nU/nC!usu!
sing!
(
battlement!nC!usu!pl!
battleship!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!ship
embattled!adj!
bay(window!nC!!see!
also!@!window(
(

beach(

how(are(you?(
(

beach!nC!

bead(

bead!nC!

beach!vT!
beach(ball!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!ball
beady!adj!

beak(

beak!nC!

beam!nC!

beam!nC!

beam!vT!
sunbeam!nC!!see!
also!@!sun(

beam !!wooden!bar!
beam !!ray!of!light!

43!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

bean!nC!

bear!vT!

bearable!adj!

bear!nC!

bear!vT!

bear /bearing!move!
in!a!certain!direction!
beard(

beard!nC!

baked(bean!nC!usu!pl!!
see!also!@!bake(
coffee(bean!nC!!see!
also!@!coffee(
spill(the(beans!idiom!
see!also!@!spill(
!unbearable!neg!adj!
bear(up!phr!v!
bear(with(it/me,(etc!
phr!v!
unbearably!neg!adv!
grin(and(bear(it(
teddy!nC!
polar(bear!nC!!see!
2
teddy(bear!nC!!(
also!@!pole /polar(
airborne!adj!!see!also!@! bear(down!phr!v!
2(
air
bear(out!phr!v!
seaborne!adj!!see!
also!@!sea(
bearing!nC!
bear!vT!
have(a(bearing(on(
(
bearded!adj!

beast(

beast!nC!

beat!vT!

beat !!hit!

beat!vIT!

beating!nC!

beat!nC!

bean

bear !!tolerate!

bear !!animal!
bear !/borne!!carry,!
support!

beat !!defeat!

beat !!rhythm!

beastly!adj!
bestial!adj!
beaten!adj!
unbeatable!neg!adj!
unbeaten!neg!adj!
beat(back!phr!v!
beat(down!phr!v!
beat(off!!phr!v!
beat(up!phr!v!
beat(time!!see!also!
1!
@!time
drumbeat!nC!!see!
also!@!drum(

44!

headword(

beauty(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

heartbeat!nC!usu!
sing!!see!also!@!
1(
heart
beauty(spot!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!spot

beautiful!adj!!
attractive!
beautiful!adj!!
pleasant!
because!conj!
because(of!prep!
cos/cos!conj/prep!
informal!
become!vIT!

beauty!nU!!quality(

beauty!nC!!sb/sth!
beautiful!

beautifully!adv!

become(of!phr!v!

bed!nC!

in(bed(

flowerbed!nC!!see!
also!@!flower(

bedding!nU!

bedroom!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!room

bedtime!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!time
(

bedclothes!n!pl!!see!
also!@!clothes(

bedside!nU/adj!

bed !!bottom!

bed!nC!

bee(

bee!nC!

riverbed!nC!!see!also!@!
river(
seabed!nC!!see!also!@!
sea(
(

go(to(bed(
put(to(bed(
take(to(bed(
bedbug!nC!!see!also!
2(
@!bug
bedpost!nC!!see!also!
3(
@!post
deathbed!n!usu!sing!!
see!also!@!death(
twin(bed!nC!!see!also!
@!twin(
bedroom(suburb/(
community(!nC!Am!!
see!also!@!
community,(suburb,(
dormitory(
bedrock!nU!!see!also!
1(
@!rock

because(

become(
1

bed !!furniture!

beehive!nC!!

45!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

beef(

beef!nU!

beer(

beer!nCU!

beetle(

before!

before!conj/prep/!
adv!!earlier!
(

beg(

begin(
behalf(

begin!vI!
beginning!nC!
(

I(beg(your(pardon!
exclam!!see!also!@!
1&2(
pardon
(
(

C2(

X(

beekeeper!nC!
beekeeping!nU!!see!
2
also!@!keep /keeper(
beef(up!phr!v!!make!
stronger!

beefburger!nC!esp!
Brit!!see!also!@!
burger(
(

beetle!nC!

ginger(beer!nC!!see!
also!@!ginger(
root(beer!nCU!Am!!
see!also!@!root(
(

before!prep!!in!front!
of!
(

beforehand!adv!

(
beg!vIT!!make!urgent!
request!

the(day/night/week((
etc(before(
(

beginner!nC!

beg!vIT!!ask!for!
money,!etc!
beggar!nC!
!

before!prep!!watched,!
examined!by!
(

to(begin(with(

behalf!n!sing!

on(behalf(of/on(sbs(
behalf(!
(

behavioural!adj!Brit/(
behavioral!adj!Am!

misbehave!vI!
misbehaviour!nU!
Brit/!misbehavior!nU!
Am!
well;/badly;behaved!
adj!
behind(bars!!see!also!
3(
@!bar
behind(the(scenes!!
see!also!@(scene!
behind(the(times!!
1(
see!also!@!time

behave(

behaviour!nU!Brit/!
behavior!nU!Am!

behave!vI!

behind!adv,!prep!

behind!adv/prep!!at!
the!back!of!sth/sb!

C1(

behind!adv/prep!!
late!
behind!adv/prep!!in!
a!race!
behind!adv/prep!!
responsible!for(

46!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

belief/believe(

belief!nC!
believe!vT!!think,!
have!opinion!

believe(in(sth!phr!v!

believer!nC!
unbelievable!neg!adj!

believable!adj!
disbelief!nU!

bell(

bell!nC!

belly(

belly!nC!informal!

belong(

belongings!n!pl!

beloved!!see!also!@!
love(
below!!

belong!vI/belong(to!!
ownership!
belong!vI!!right,!
suitable,!etc!
(

fall(behind!phr!v!
leave(behind!phr!v!
stay(behind!phr!v!
disbelieve!vIT!
unbelievably!neg!
adv!
believe(it(or(not(
beyond(belief(
would(you(believe(
it?(
make(believe!nU!
doorbell!nC!!see!also!
@!door(
bellyache!nC!
informal!
bellyache!vI!informal!!
see!also!@!ache(
(

beloved!adj!

below!adv!!less!than!

belt!nC!!clothing!
seatbelt!!nC!!see!also!
@!seat(
safety(belt!nC!!see!
1
also!@!safe /(safety(
bench!nC!

belt!nC!!on!machine!

belt!nC!!strip!of!land!

bend!vIT!
bend!nC!

belt(

below!adv,!prep!!
lower!position!
(

bench(

bend(

green(belt!nC!usu!
sing!!see!also!@!
green(
workbench!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!work
bendable!adj!
unbending!neg!adj!

47!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

bent!adj!

X(

beneath(

beneath!adv,!prep!

bendy!adj!informal!
bend(down!phr!v!
bend(over!phr!v!
bend(over(
backwards!phr!v!
(

benefit(

benefit!nCU!!gain,!
advantage!

benefit!nC!!social!
security!payment!

beneficial!adj!

beneficiary!nC!

beneficially!adv!
unemployment(
benefit!nU!!see!also!
@(employ/(
employment(

benefit!vIT!

benevolent(

benevolently!adv!

benevolent!adj!
benevolence!nU!
benign!adj!

benign(

berry(

strawberry!nC(

berry!nC!

besides!prep!

besides!adv!

blackberry!nC!
blueberry!nC!
cranberry!nC!
raspberry!nC!
beside(oneself((with)(
beside(the(point!!see!
1(
also!@!point
(

beside(

beside!prep!!next!to!

besides(

besiege!!see!@!siege(

besiege!vT!

besieged!adj!

best!!see!also!@!
good,(well(

best(sup!adj!

best;selling!adj!

the(best(thing!n!sing!!
see!also!@!thing(
at(best(
for(the(best(
try/do(ones(best(
get/have(the(best(of(
had(best(
make(the(best(of(

best!sup!adv!
the(best!n!sing!

best;seller!nC!!see!also!
@!sell(

benignly!adv!

48!

headword(

A1(

A2(

bet(

betray(

better!!see!also!@!
good,(well(

better!comp!adj!
better!comp!adv!

better!adj!!healthy,!
recovered!

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

bet!nC!
bet!vIT!!wager,!
gamble!
(

bet!vT!!be!sure!

betray!vT!

betrayal!nU!

X(

best(man!n!sing!!see!
1(
also!@!man
betting!nU(
betting(shop!nC!!see!
also!@!shop(
traitor!nC!

between!adv,!prep!!
between!two!places!
between!adv,!prep!!
between!two!times!
between!adv,!prep!!
between!two!
amounts!
between!adv,!prep!!
shared!between!
people!
(

the(better!n!sing!
the((the(better(
had(better/d(better(
better(off!adj!
for(the(better(
get/have(the(better(
of(
the(bigger/sooner,(
etc(the(better(
in(between(

beverage!nC!

beware!!see!also!@!
wary(
bewilder(

beware!vIT!

bewilder!vT!

bewitch((see!also!@(

bewildered!adj!
bewildering!adj!
bewilderingly!adv!
bewilderment!nU!
bewitch!vT!

get(better(

between(

beverage(

49!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

witch(
beyond(

bias!nC!usu!sing!

beyond!adv,!prep!!
outside!limit!
(

biased!adj!

bewitched!adj!
bewitching!adj!
be(beyond(one/its(
beyond(me(
unbiased!neg!adj!

bible/the(Bible!n!
sing!
(

biblical!adj!

bibliography!nC!

bibliographical!adj!

cyclist!nC!

cycling!nU!

bicycle!vI!
bike!vI!
biker!nC!
biking!nU!
motorcyclist!nC!!see!
2
also!@!cycle /cyclist,(
motor(
bidder!nC!
bidding!nU!
(
(

bias(

beyond!adv,!prep!!
further!away!
(

bible(

bibliography(

bicycle/bike!!see!also! (
2(
@!cycle

bid(

big(

big!adj!!large!

big!adj!!important!

bike!nC!informal!!
motorcycle!
motorbike!nC!!see!
also!@!motor(
cycle!vI!
motorcycle!nC!!see!
also!@!motor(
bid!vIT!!make!offer!in!
auction!
bid!nC!
(

bilateral(

bilateral!adj!

bilaterally!adv!

bilingual!!see!also!@!!
linguistic(
1
bill !!document,!
invoice!

bilingual!adj!

bill!nC!!invoice,!
receipt,!etc!
bill!nC!Am!!banknote(
(

bill!nC!

bill !!law!

bill!nC!

bill!vT!!send!an!
invoice!
!
billboard!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!board
(

billion(

billionaire!nC!

bin(

billion!cardinal!
number!
bin!nC!Brit!

dustbin!nC!Brit!

wastepaper(bin!nC!!

bin!vT!esp!Brit!

bill !!poster!

bicycle!nC!
bike!nC!informal!!
bicycle!

X(

50!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

see!also!@!waste,(
paper(

X(

binman!nC!Brit!!see!
3(
also!@!man
bin;liner!nC!!see!also!
3
@!line (
binding!nCU!
binder!nC!
bound!adj!
bind!vT!
(
(

bind!vT!

binding!adj!
(
(

biochemical!!see!also! (
@!chemical(

biography(

biology(

(
(

(
(

(
(

autobiography!nC!
(

autobiographical!adj!
(

bird(

bird!nC!

seabird!nC!!see!also!
@!sea(

(
biology!nU!
biological!adj!
(

biography!nC!
biographer!nC!
biographical!adj!
(
biologist!nC!
biologically!adv!
(

biochemical!adj!
biochemistry!nU!
biochemist!nC!
(

birth/birthday(

birth!nCU!
give(birth((to)(
(

bird(of(prey!nC!!see!
also!@!prey(
birdsong!nU!!see!also!
@!song(
bird;watcher!nC!
bird;watching!nU!!
1!
see!also!@!watch
blackbird!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!black
birth(certificate!nC!!
see!also!@!
certificate(
birth(control!nC!!see!
also!@!control(

bind !!tie!up!

bind !!promise,!
secret,!etc!
binoculars(

childbirth!nU!!see!
also!@!child(
birthday!nC!!see!also!! (
@!day(
birthday(cake!nCU!!

(
(

binoculars!n!pl!

birthplace!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!place
(

51!

headword(

A1(

A2(

biscuit!!see!also!@!
cookie,(cracker(
bishop(
1

bit !!small!amount!

bit !!part,!
component!
bitch(

bite(

bitter !!bad!taste,!
bad!feeling!
2
bitter !!very!
!

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

date(of(birth!n!sing!!
1!
see!also!@!date
birthmark!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!mark

see!also!@!cake(
birthday(card!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!card
birthday(party!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!party
birthday(present!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!present
biscuit!nC!Brit!
(

bishop!nC!

archbishop!nC!

a(bit!adv,!pron!esp!
Brit!!a!little,!slightly!
bit(nC!!small!piece!of!
sth!
bit(!nC!

quite(a(bit/a(good(
bit(

bitch!nC!

bite!vIT!
(
bite!nC!!sth!bitten!off!

bite!nC!!insect!bite!

bitter!adj!!taste!

bitterly!adv!

bitter!adj!!fig:!
resentful,!angry,!etc!
(

bitty!adj!
bit(by(bit(
do(ones(bit(
every(bit(
bits(and(pieces!!see!also! (
@!piece(
(
bitch!vI!informal!
bitchy!adj!informal!
son;of;a;bitch!nC!
offensive!esp!Am!!see!
also!@!son(
(
biting!adj!!very!cold!
frostbite!nU!!!
frostbitten(!adj!see!
1(
also!@!frost
soundbite!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!sound
bite(off(more(than(
you(can(chew!idiom!!
see!also!@!chew(
(
bitterness!nU!

bitter!adj!

bitterly!adv!

(
bishopric!nC!

to(the(bitter(end!!see!

52!

headword(

bizarre(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

bizarre!adj!

black!adj!
black!nU!

blackboard!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!board

black(eye!nC!!see!also!
@!eye(

blackmail!vT!
blackmail!nU!
(

bladder(

bladder!nC!

blade(

blade!nC!!of!knife,!
skates,!etc!

blade!nC!!fig:!grass,!
shoulder,!oar,!etc!

black !!colour!

black !!negative,!
illegal!

X(

also!@!end(
bizarrely!adv!
black!adj!!tea,!coffee,!
etc!
blacken!vIT!
blackness!nU!
blackberry!nC!!see!
also!@!berry(
blackbird!nC!!see!
also!@!bird(
black(and(blue(
in(black(and(white(
black!adj!!negative!
(illegal,!hostile,!etc)!
blackmailer!nC!
black(economy!n!usu!
sing!!see!also!@!
1(
economy
blacklist!vT!
blacklist!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!list
black(magic!nU!!see!
also!@!magic(
black(market!nC!usu!
sing!!see!also!@!
2(
market
black(sheep!nC!!see!
also!@!sheep(
(
razorblade!nC!!see!
also!@!razor(
rollerblade!nC!

53!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

blame(

blame!vT!

blame!nU!

bland(

bland!adj!

blank(

blanket(

blank!adj!
blank!nCU!
blanket!nC(

blast(

blast!nCU!
blast!vT!

blanket!adj!!covering!
everything!
blanket!vT!!cover!
everything!
(

X(

rollerblading!nU!!see!
1
also!@!roll /roller(
shoulder(blade!nC!!
see!also!@!shoulder(
blameless!neg!adj!
be(to(blame(
blandly!adv!
blankly!adv!
blank(out!phr!v!
(

at(full(blast(

blaze(

bleak(

bleak!adj!

blaze!nC!
blaze!vI!
(

bleed!!see!also!@!
blood(
blend(

bleed!vI!

bleeding!adj!

blast(off!phr!v!
blast;off!nC!
ablaze!adj!
set(ablaze(
bleakly!adv!
bleakness!nU!
bleeding!nU!

blend!vT!

blend!nC!

blender!nC!

bless(

blessed!adj!
bless(you!!!exclam!

blind!adj!

bless!vT!!wish!sb!
happiness,!etc!
bless!vT!!by!priest,!
etc!
blessing!nC!!good!
fortune!
blessing!nCU!!
religious!
blind!vT!!make!sb!

blindness!nU!

colour;blind!adj!Brit/!

blind !!sightless!
!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

blind!

blindly!adv!

X(

color;blind!adj!Am!!
see!also!@!
colour/color(
go(blind(
turn(a(blind(eye(
(

blind !!window!
covering!
blink(

blind!nC!usu!pl!

blink!vIT!

bliss(

bliss!nU!

bloc(

bloc!nC!

block!nC!!large!piece!
of!stone,!wood,!etc!

block!vT!

blockade!nC!
blockage!nC!
blocked!adj!

block!nC!Am!

block !!tall!building!

block!nC!

bloke(

blond/blonde(

blonde!nC!

bloke!nC!Brit!
informal!
blond/blonde!adj!

tower(block!nC!!see!
also!@!tower(
(

blood!!see!also!@!
bleed(

blood!nU!

bloody!adj!!covered!
in!blood!
bloody!adj!!very!
violent!

blood(donor!nC!!see!
also!@!donate/(
donor(
bloodstain!nC!

block !!lump!of!
stone,!wood,!etc!
block !!obstruct!

block !!city!block!

blink!nC!
blinker!n!usu!pl!
blinkered!adj!
blissful!adj!
blissfully!adv!
(
chopping(block!nC!
Am!!see!also!@!
1!
chop
block(off!phr!v!
block(up!phr!v!
unblock!vT!
unblocked!neg!adj!
stumbling(block!nC!!
see!also!@!stumble(
(

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

bloody!!emphasis,!
intensifier!

bloom(

bloody!adj/adv!
informal!esp!Brit!!!for!
emphasis;!indicating!
anger(
(

blossom(

blouse(

blouse!nC!

blow!vI!!!

blow !!wind,!etc!

bloodstained!adj!!
see!also!@!stain(
blood(vessel!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!vessel
in(cold(blood!!see!
1!
also!@!cold
shed(blood(
bloodshed!nU!!see!
2(
also!@!shed
ones((own)(flesh(
and(blood!!see!also!
(
@!flesh
(

blooming!adj!

bloom!nC!
bloom!vI!
blossom!nC!
blossom!vI!
(

blow(up!phr!v!!inflate!

(
(

blow!nC!!hit!

blow!nC!!shock!

blow(ones(own(
trumpet!!see!also!@!
trumpet(
come(to(blows(

blue!adj!
blue!nC!

blow(up!phr!v!!
explode(
(

bluish!adj!
blue;collar!adj!!see!
also!@!collar(
blueberry!nC!!see!
also!@!berry(

blow !!hitting!
blow /blow(up!!
explode!
blue(

X(

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

black(and(blue(
out(of(the(blue(
a(bolt(from(the(blue!!
2!
see!also!@!bolt
(

blueprint(

blunt(

blur(

blueprint!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!print
blunt!adj!!opp.!sharp!
blunt!adj!!frank!
bluntly!adv!
blur!vIT!

blush(

blush!vI!

board!nC!!plank!

cardboard!nU/adj!!see!
1
also!@!card (
(

board(up!phr!v!
above(board!adj!
across(the(board(
(

blackboard!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!black

chessboard!nC!!see!also!
@!chess(

billboard!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!bill
board(game!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!game
chalkboard!nC!!see!
also!@!chalk(
chopping(board!nC!
Brit!!see!also!@!
1(
chop
diving(board!nC!!see!
also!@!dive/diving(
floorboard!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!floor
ironing(board!nC!!see!

board !!plank!

board!nC!!for!board!
game!
board!nC!!short!for!
noticeboard,!diving!
board,!!blackboard,!
etc!
!

blunt!vT!
bluntness!nU!
blur!n!usu!sing!
blurred!adj!
blush!nC!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(
2(

board !!enter!ship,!
train,!aircraft,!etc!

board !!management! (
group!
4
board !!
(
accommodation!

board!vIT!
(
on(board(
boarding(card!nC!Brit!!
1(
see!also!@!card
boarding(pass!nC!!
2
see!also!@!pass (
(
(

board!nU!

boast(

boat(

boat!nC!

boast!vIT!
boast!nC!
(

aboard!adv/prep!

boarding!nU!

board!nC!

also!@!iron
scoreboard!nC!!see!
also!@!score(
skateboard!nC/vI!
skateboarding!nU!
skateboarder!nC!!see!
also!@!skate(
snowboard!nC!
snowboard!vI!!see!
also!@(snow(
springboard!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!spring
surfboard!nC!!see!
also!@!surf(
overboard!adv!
(

boardroom!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!room
board!vI!
boarder!nC!
boarding(house!nC!!
2(
see!also!@!house
boarding(school!nC!!
see!also!@!school(
full;/half;board!nU!
boastful!adj!
boastfully!adv!
boating!nU!
in(the(same(boat/(all(

58!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

in(the(same(boat(
(

body(

bog(

boil !!heat!liquid!

ferryboat!nC!!see!also!
@!ferry(
lifeboat!nC!!see!also!@!
life(
(

body!nC!!physical!
body!nC!!corpse!
frame!of!person,!
creature,!etc!
anybody!pron!!no!
matter!who!
anybody!pron!!in!neg!
and!questions!
nobody!pron!
somebody!pron!
(
(

body!nC!!group!of!
people!
body!nC!!of!vehicle,!
structure,!etc!
embody!vT!

bodily!adj!
!
bodyguard!nC!!see!also!
@!guard(

bog!nC!

boiled!adj!
boiler!nC!
boiling!adj!

boil!vIT!

boatyard!nC!!see!also!
2(
@!yard
canal(boat!nC!!see!
(
also!@!canal
fishing(boat!nC!!see!
also!@!fish(
flying(boat!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!fly
rowing(boat!nC!Brit/!
row(boat!nC!Am!!see!
3!
also!@!row
sailing(boat!nC!Brit/!
sail(boat!nC!Am!!see!
also!@!sail/sailing(
speedboat!nC!!see!
also!@!speed(
tugboat!nC!!see!also!
@!tug(
able;bodied!adj!
disembodied!neg!adj!
embodiment!nC!usu!
sing!
keep(body(and(soul(
together(

bog(down!phr!v!usu!
pass!
boggy!adj!
boil(down(to(phr!v(
boil(over!phr!v!

59!

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2

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

boil !!spot!

boil!nC!

bold!adj!

embolden(vIT!

bold!adj!

boldly!adv!
boldness!nU!
(

bolt !!lightning,!etc!

bolt!nC!
nut(and(bolt!!see!
2(
also!@!nut
(

bolt!nC!

bomb(

bomb!nC!
bomb!vT!!drop!from!
an!aircraft!
bomb!vT!!destroy!
with!a!bomb!

bomber!nC!!military!
(
aircraft!
bomber!nC!!sb!with!a!
bomb!
bombing!nCU!
!

bond!!link!

bond!nC!

bond!vIT!

a(bolt(from(the(blue!!
see!also!@!blue(
atom/atomic(bomb!
nC!!see!also!@!atom(
bombshell!nC!!casing!
of!bomb!
bombshell!nC!!fig:!!
shock;!see!also!@!
2(
shell
hydrogen(bomb!nC!!
see!also!@!hydrogen(
nuclear(bomb!nC!!
see!also!@!nuclear((
suicide(bomb/(
bomber!nC!!see!also!
@!suicide(
time(bomb!!see!also!
1(
@!time
bombard(!vT!!attack!
bombard!vT!!do!sth!
excessively!
bombardment!nCU!
(

bone(

bone!nC!
bone!nU!

bony!adj!

bold !!unafraid,!
adventurous!
2
bold !!dark!print!
bolt !!metal!fastener!

bone!vT!
boneless!adj!
have(a(bone(to(pick(

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

with(sb(
make(no(bones(
about(sth(
collarbone!nC!!see!
also!@!collar(
jawbone!nC!!see!also!
@!jaw(
thigh(bone!nC!!see!
also!@!thigh(
(

cheekbone!nC!!see!
also!@!cheek(

backbone!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!back

bonfire!!see!also!@!
1(
fire
bonnet!!!

bonfire!nC!

bonus(

bonus!nC!

bonnet!nC!Brit!!car!part;! bonnet!nC!!hat!
see!also!@!hood(
(
(

book!nC!

booklet!nC!

exercise(book!nC!!
2!
see!also!@!exercise

guidebook!nC!!see!
also!@!guide(
(

chequebook!nC!Brit/(
checkbook!nC!Am!!
see!also!@!cheque/(
2(
check
phone(book!nC!!see!
1
also!@!phone ,(
telephone(

bookstore!nC!esp!Am!! (
2(
see!also!@!store
coursebook!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!course
handbook!nC!!see!
also!@!hand(
textbook!nC!!see!also!
@!text(

book!vIT!

bookcase!nC!!see!
3!
also!@!case
!
bookseller nC!!see!
also!@!sell/seller(
bookshelf!nC!!see!
also!@!shelf(
bookshop!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!shop
cookery(book!nC!
Brit/(cookbook!nC!
Am!!see!also!@!
cook/cookery(
notebook!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!note
booking!nC!
booking(office!nC!!
2!
see!also!@!office

book !!volume(

book !!make!booking!

bookish!adj!
by(the(book(
bookworm!nC!!see4!
also!@!worm(
pocket(book!nC!!see!
(
also!@!pocket
reference(book(nC!!
see!also!@!refer/(
reference(
rulebook!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!rule
scrapbook!nC!!see!
also!@!scrap(
storybook!adj!!see!
1(
also!@!story
book(in!phr!v!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

book /books!!
accounts!

books!n!pl!

boom!!economic!
prosperity!
boost(

boom!nCU!

X(

bookkeeping!nU!
bookkeeper!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!keep
boom!vI!
booming!adj!
boosted!adj!

boost!vT!

boost!vI!

booster!nC!

boot!nC!

boot ((start!a!
computer(
booth(

boot!nC!Brit!!see!also!@!
2(
trunk
boot!vT/boot(up!phr!v!

border(

border!vT!

bore!!fail!to!interest!

bore!nC!

boredom!nU!
boringly!adv!

bordering!adj!
border(on!phr!v!
(

born(

born/be(born!v!pass!

border!nC!!boundary,! (
division!
(
bore!vT!
bored!adj!
boring!adj!
(
(

booth!nC!
phone/telephone(
booth!nC!!see!also!@!
1
phone ,(telephone(
border!nC!!edge!

newborn!adj!!see!also!
@!new(

borough(

borough!nC!

borrow(

borrow!vT!

boss(

boss!nC!

boss!vTboss(about!
phr!v!

borrower!nC!
borrowing!nU!
bossy!adj!

boot !!tall,!heavy!
shoe!
boot !!car!trunk!

boot!vT!informal!
boot(out!phr!v!
informal!
(
reboot!vT!

born!adj!
born;again!adj!
inborn!adj!
reborn(adj!
unborn!neg!adj!
(
(
(

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

botany(

both(

both!det,!pronoun!
both!conj/both((
and(
(

bother!vI!

bother!nU!

C2(

X(

botany!nU(
botanical!adj!
botanist!nC!
(

cant(be(bothered(

bottle!nC!

bother!vT!
bother!nC!
(

bottom!nC!usu!sing!

bottom!adj!

bottle!vT!
bottled!adj!
(

bothered!adj!
bothering!adj!
bottling!adj/nU!

bottom !!body!part!

bottom!nC!!

bottom!vI!
bottomless!neg!adj!
bottom(out!phr!v!
from(top(to(bottom(
from(the(bottom(of(
ones(heart!!see!also!
1(
@!heart
rock(bottom!nU/adj!
informal!!see!also!@!
1(
rock
(

boulder(

boulder!nC!

bounce(

bounce!vIT!

bound /be(bound(to!! (
see!also!@!bind(
2
bound /boundary(
(
(

bound!adj!
be(bound(to(
boundary!nC!
(

bouncy!adj!
bounce!nC!
bounce(back!phr!v!
(

(
(

(
(

(
(

bother !!make!an!
effort!
2
bother !!worry,!
annoy!
bottle(
bottom !!lowest!part!

(
(

(
bounded!adj!
be(bounded(by(sth(
in/out(of(bounds(

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

bourgeois(

bourgeois!adj!

bourgeoisie!nU!

within(the(bounds(of(
sth(
know(no(bounds((
(

bout(

bout!nC!

bow(out!phr!v!

bow!vI!
bow!nC!
bow!nC!

bow!nC!

rainbow!nC!!see!also!@!
rain(
(

bowel!nC!

bowl!nC!!!

bowtie!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!tie
bowels(of(the(Earth!!
1(
see!also!@!Earth
(

bowls!nU!!game!

box!nC!!container!
(
box!nC!!container!+!
contents!
box!nC!!on!document!
(
(

bowl!vIT!
bowler!nC!
bowling!nU!
(

box(in!phr!v!
box(up!phr!v!
(

boxed!adj!
(

letterbox!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!letter

call(box!nC!!!see!also!
2!
@!call
matchbox!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!match
phone(box!nC!!see!
1
also!@!phone ,(
telephone(

ballot(box!nC!!see!
(
also!@!ballot
coolbox!nC!Brit!!see!
also!@!cool(
horsebox!nC!!see!
also!@!horse(
lunch(box!nC!!see!
also!@!lunch(
mailbox!nC!!see!also!
@!mail(
moneybox!nC!!see!
also!@!money(

bow !!bend!body!in!
respectful!greeting!
2
bow !!weapon!
3

bow !!knot!for!hair,!
shoes,!etc!
bowel(
bowl !!container!
bowl !!throw!ball!in!
sport!
1

box !!container!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

pillbox!nC!!see!also!
@!pill(
pillar;box!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!pillar(
post(box/P(O(box(!nC!!
1
see!also!@!post /(
post(office(
signal(box!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!signal
toolbox!nC!!see!
always!@!tool(
voice(box!nC!!see!
also!@!voice(
witness(box!nC!!see!
also!@!witness!
boxing(match!nC!!see!
2
also!@!match (
boxing(ring!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!ring
boyhood!nCU!
boyish!adj!
boy(band!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!band
toy(boy!nC!informal!!
see!also!@!toy(
(

box !/boxing!sport!

box!vI!
boxing!nC!

boxer!nC!

boy(

boy!nC!

boyfriend!nC!!see!
also!@!friend(
schoolboy!nC!!see!
also!@!school(

cowboy!nC!!see!also!
@!cow(

choirboy!nC!!see!also!@!
choir(

boycott(

bra/brassiere(

boycott!vT!
boycott!nC!
bra!nC!abbrev!

brace(

brace!vI!

brace!nC!

bracelet(

bracelet!nC!

bracket !!parenthesis! (

bracket!nC!Brit!

bracket!vT!

bracket!nC!

1
2

bracket !!fastening!
!

brassiere!nC!

65!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

brain(

brain!nC!

brainy!adj!informal!

brake(

branch!nC!!tree!part!

brake!nC!
brake!vIT!
(

branch!nC!!division:!
river,!railway,!etc!

branch!vI!

branch !!subLoffice,!
shop,!etc!
1
brand !!named!
product!
2
brand /brand(new(

branch!nC!

branchline!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!line(
branch(out!phr!v!
olive(branch!nC!!see!
also!@!olive(
(

brand!nC!

brand!vT!

brand(name!nC!!see!
also!@!name(
(

brandy(

brandy!nU!

brand(new!adj!!see!also!
@!new(
(

brass(

brass!nU!!metal!

brassy!adj!

brave(

brave!adj!

breach(

breach!nC!

brass!nU!!musical!
instruments!
bravely!adv!
bravery!nU!
breach!vT!formal!

bread(

bread!nU!

bread(roll!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!roll

breadcrumb!n!usu!pl!!
see!also!@!crumb(
bread;and;butter!adj!!!
ordinary,!routine!
garlic(bread!nU!!see!

branch !!tree!part,!
etc!

brain(drain!n!sing!!
see!also!@!drain(
brainwave!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!wave
pick(sbs(brains(
rack(ones(brains(
scatterbrain!nC!
scatterbrained!adj!!
see!also!@!scatter(
(

brave!vT!
(

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breadth!!see!also!@!
broad(
1
break !!physical,!
emotional,!etc/!
broken(

A1(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

breadth!nCU!

break!vT!!physically!
break,!destroy!sth!

break!vT!!break!a!
record!
break!nC!
(

broken!adj!

breakable!adj!

break(in/into!phr!v!!
burgle!
break;in!nC!!burglary!
break(up!phr!v!!end!a!
relationship(

break(down!phr!v!!
fail!to!operate!
breakdown!nC!!
mechanical!
break(down!phr!v!!
emotionally,!
mentally!
breakdown!nCU!!
emotional,!mental!
breakdown!nCU!!in!
relationship!

breakthrough!nC!

A2(

breakup!nC!

X(

also!@!garlic!
gingerbread!nU!!see!
also!@!ginger(
(
breakage!nCU!
unbreakable!neg!adj!
unbroken!neg!adj!
break(away!phr!v!
breakaway!adj!
break(down((into)!
phr!v!!divide!
break(even!phr!v!!no!
profit,!no!loss!
break(in!phr!v!!
interrupt!
break(off!phr!v!!
remove!end!of!sth!
break(off!phr!v!!end!
suddenly!
break(out!phr!v!!
escape!from!prison,!
etc!
break(through!phr!v!!
overcome!problem,!
etc!
break(up!phr!v!!break!
into!pieces!
break(up!phr!v!
disperse!
break(up!phr!v!Brit!!
finish!school!at!end!
of!term!
heartbreak!nU/!

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C2(

heart;broken!adj!!
1(
see!also!@!heart
broken;hearted!adj!!
1(
see!also!@!heart
icebreaker!nC!!see!
also!@!ice(

break !!start!
suddenly!

break(out!phr!v!!war,!
argument,!disease!
etc!
outbreak!nC!

break !!short!rest,!
holiday,!etc!

break!nC!

coffee/lunch/tea,(
etc(break!nC!

breakfast(

breakfast!nCU!

breakfast!vI!

breast(

breast!nCU!

abreast!adj!

X(

break(into(laughter/(
a(smile/song/(tears/(
applause,(etc(
break((the)(news/(
breaking(news!!see!
also!@!news(
daybreak/break(of(
day(!n!sing!!see!also!
@!day(
break!nC!Brit!!
commercial!break!on!
TV!
break(for(lunch/(
coffee,(etc(
break!vT!!interrupt!a!
journey!
take(a(break(
continental(
breakfast!nCU!!see!
also!@!continent/(
continental(
(full)(English(
breakfast!nC!!(
double;breasted!adj!!
see!also!@!double(
make(a(clean(breast(
of(sth(
keep(abreast(of(

68!

headword(

breath(

A1(

A2(

breath!nCU!

B1(

B2(

C1(

breathing!adj!

C2(

breeder!nC!
breeding!nU!
(

breed!vIT!
breed!nC!
breeze!nC!

catch(ones(breath(
hold(ones(breath(
out(of(breath(
take(ones(breath(
away(
under(ones(breath(
(

breezy!adj!

brevity!nU!

bribe(

brick(

brick!nCU!

bribe!vT!
bribe!nC!
!

brew!vIT!
brew!nC!
brewer!nC!
brewery!nC!
brewing!nU!
bribery!nU!

bride(

bride!nC!

bridge!nC!

breathe!vIT!

breathtaking!adj!

breed(

breeze(

brevity!!see!also!@!
brief(
brew(

bridge !structure!

breathless!neg!adj!

X(

brick!vT/brick(up!phr!
v!
brickwork!nU!!see!
2!
also!@!work
bridegroom!nC!!see!also! bridal!adj(
@!groom!
bridesmaid!nC!!see!
also!@!maid(
bridge!vT!
bridge!nC!!part!of!
nose!
bridge!nC!!part!of!
ship!
bridge(a/the(gap!
idiom!!see!also!@!
gap(
footbridge!nC!!msee!

69!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(
1(

brief !adj!

briefly!adv!

brief !!instructions!

brigade(

brigade!nC!

bright!adj!

brief !!short!

bright!adj!

brief!nC!Brit!
brief!vT!
briefcase!nC!!see!also!@!
2
case (
briefing!nC!
fire(brigade!nC!Brit!!see! !
1!
also!@!fire
brighten!vT!
!
brightly!adv!
brightness!nU!
!
!

brilliant!adj!

brilliantly!adv(

brilliant!!exclam(

brilliant!adj!

bring!vT!!carry!sth!
somewhere!
!

bring!vT!!cause,!be!
accompanied!by!
bring(sth(back!phr!v!!
return!

brilliantly!adv!
brilliance!nU!
(

bring(up!phr!v!!raise!
a!child(

bring(sth(about!phr!v!! !
cause!

upbringing!nC!

bring(about!phr!v!!
make!sth!happen!
bring(around/round!
phr!v!!persuade!
bring(back!phr!v!!
revive!memories!
bring(down!phr!v!!
reduce!prices,!etc!
bring(down!phr!v!!

bright !!shining;!
strongly!coloured!
2

bright !!intelligent!
brilliant !!very!bright(
brilliant !!very!
intelligent!
1!
bring
2

bring !!phrasal!verbs,!
compounds,!etc!

also!@!foot
suspension(bridge!
nC!!see!also!@!
2
suspend /(
suspension(
in(brief(
briefs!n!pl!
brevity!nU!
debrief!vT!
debriefing!nC!

70!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

government,!etc!
bring(down!phr!v!!
bring!to!the!ground!
bring(forward!phr!v!!
make!sth!earlier!
bring(home(to!!make!
aware!
bring(sth(in!phr!v!!
introduce!
bring(in!phr!v!!earn,!!
produce!income,!!
bring(off!phr!v!!
succeed!
bring(on!phr!v!!cause!
bring((sth)(out!phr!v!!
launch!a!product!
bring(out!phr!v!!
expose,!make!clear!
bring(round/to(!phr!v!!
back!to!
consciousness!
bring(sth(up!phr!v!!
mention!
bring(up!phr!v!!vomit!
on(the(brink(of(sth(

brink(

brink!n!sing!

brisk(

briskness!nU!

bristle(

brisk!adj!
briskly!adv!
bristle!nC!

brittle(

brittle!adj!

broad!!see!also!@!
breadth(
broadcast(

broad!adj!!wide,!opp.! (
narrow!
(
(

broadly!adv!

breadth!nCU(

broaden!!vI!

broadcast!nC!
broadcast!vIT!

broadcaster!nC!
broadcasting!nU!

broad;minded!adj!!
1(
see!also!@!mind
newscaster!nC!esp!
Am!!see!also!@!news(

71!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

brochure(

brochure!nC!

broken!!see!also!@!
break(

broken!adj!

broker(

broker(nC!

bronze(

broom(

bronze!nU!!metal!
bronze!nU!!colour!
bronze!adj!
broom!nC!

unbroken!neg!adj!
heart;broken!adj!
broken;hearted!adj!!
1(
see!also!@!heart
brokerage!nU!
stockbroker!nC!!
stockbroking!nU!!see!
2(
also!@!stock
(

brother(

brother!nC!

brotherhood!nCU!
brother;in;law!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!law

brow(

brown(

browse(

brown!adj!
brown!nCU!
(

brow(nC!!face!part!
(
eyebrow!nC!!see!also!
@!eye(
(
(

half;brother!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!half
step;brother!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!step
browbeaten!adj!!!

brown!vIT!
brownish!adj!
(

bruise(

brush(

brush!nC!

brush(aside!phr!v!
brush(off!phr!v!

browse!vI!!read!
casually!
browse!vIT!!
computing!
browser!nC!!
computing!
(
bruise!nC!
bruise!vT!
bruised!adj!
brush!vT!!sweep!with! brush!vT!!touch!
a!brush!
lightly!

72!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

toothbrush!nC!!see!
also!@(tooth(

brute(

bubble(

buck!!see!also!@!
dollar!
bucket(

C1(

(
hairbrush!nC!!see!
also!@!hair(
paintbrush!nC!!see!
also!@!paint(

X(

brush(up(phr!v!
brushstroke!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!stroke
scrubbing(brush!nC!!
see!also!@!scrub(
shoebrush!nC!!see!
also!@!shoe(
brutally!adv!

bubble!nC!
bubble!vI!
buck!!nC!informal!Am! (

brute!nC!
brutal!adj!
brutality!nU!
(

bucket!nC!

buckle!!fastener!

buckle!nC!

bud(

bud!nC!

Buddhism(

budget(

budget!nCU!

Buddhism!nU!
Buddhist!nC!
Buddhist!adj!
(

buckle!vT!
buckle(down((to)!!
phr!v!
buckle(up!phr!v!
bud!vI!
budding!adj!
(

buffalo(

budget!vI!
budgetary!adj!
buffalo!nC!

budget!adj!
budget(for(
(

buffer(

buffer!nC!

buffer!vT!

buffet(

bug!nC!informal!

buffet!nC!
buffet!adj!
(

buffet(car!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!car
(

bug!nC!

bedbug!nC!!see!also!

bug !!illness!
bug !!insect!
!

C2(

bubbly!adj!

73!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(
1(

build!vIT!
building!nC!

builder!nC!
building!nU!

rebuild!vT!

built;in!adj!
shipbuilding!nU!!see!
1(
also!@!ship

build !!physique!

build!nU!

@!bed
build(in/into!phr!v!!
incorporate!
build(on/upon!phr!v!
build(up!phr!v!
build;up!nC!
rebuilt!adj!
rebuilding!nU!
well;built!adj!

bulb!!electrical!

bulb!nC!

bulk(

bulk!nC!

bulky!adj!

bull(

bull!nC!!male!cow!

bullet(

bullet!nC!

bulletin(

bully(

bum(

bulletin!nC!
(
news(bulletin!nC!!see!
also!@!news(
(
bully!nC!
bully!vT!
(
bum!nC!informal!

bulk(out!phr!v!
in(bulk(
bull!nC!!other!male!
animals!
bulletproof!adj!!see!
3(
also!@!proof
(

bump!impact!

bumper(

bun(

bunch(

bundle(

bunch!nC!!group!of!
things,!e.g.!fruit!
(

bunch!nC!informal!!
group!of!people!
(

build !!construct,!
increase!

bullying!nU!

bump!nC!
bump!vIT!
bumper!nC!Brit!=!
fender!nC!Am!
bun!nC!

bum(bag!nC!Brit!
informal!!see!also!@!
bag(
bump(into!phr!v!

bunch!vIT!

bundle!nC!

bundle(up!phr!v!

74!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

bungalow(

bundle!vT!
(

bungalow!nC!

bunny(

bunny!nC!

burden(

burden!nC!

bureau(

burger(

burger nC!
hamburger!nC!

bureau!nC!
bureaucracy!nU!
(

bureaucrat!nC!
bureaucratic!adj!
(

Easter(bunny!nC!!see!
also!@!Easter(
burden!vT!
unburden!vT!
(

burglar(

burn(

burn!vIT!!damage,!
hurt!by!fire!
burn!vI!!be!on!fire!

burst(

burst!vIT!!shatter,!
explode,!etc!
burst!vI/burst(into(
phr!v!!emotion!!joy,!
tears,!etc!

burst!nC!

outburst!nC(

bury/burial(

bury!vT(

burial!nCU(

beefburger!nC!!see!
also!@!beef(
cheeseburger!nC!!see!
also!@!cheese(
burglar!nC!
burglary!nCU!
burgle!vT!Brit/!
burglarize!vT!Am!
burglar(alarm!nC!!see!
also!@((alarm(
burn!nC!
burning!adj!
burnt/burned!adj!

sunburn!nU/vI!!
sunburnt/sunburned!
adj!!see!also!@!sun(

burner!nC!
burn(down!phr!v!
burn(out(!phr!v!
burn(up!phr!v!
heartburn!nU!!see!
1(
also!@!heart
burst(in((on)/into/(
through!phr!v!!
suddenly!enter!
burst(out!phr!v!
burst(into(tears!!see!
2!
also!@!tear
cloudburst!nC!!see!
also!@!cloud(
buried!adj!

75!

headword(

A1(

bus(

bus!nC!
by(bus(

bush(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

bus(station!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!station
bus(stop!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!stop
(

minibus!nC!!see!also!
@!mini(

bus!vIT!

bush!nC!

X(

unburied!neg!adj!
burial(ground!nC!!see!
2
also!@!ground (
trolley(bus!nC!!see!
also!@!trolley(

business!nU!!trading!
business!nC!!
company!

on(business(

business(class!nU!!
2(
see!also!@!class

businessman!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!man
businesswoman!nC!!
2(
see!also!@!woman

business!nU!

bust!vT!informal!

bust !!statue!

bust!nC!

bushy!adj!
beat(about/around(
the(bush(
businesslike!adj!
go(out(of(business(
in(business(
on(business(
business(trip!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!trip
get(down(to(
business(
have(no(business(
(doing(sth)(
mean(business(
mind(your(own(
business(
busted!adj!
go(bust(
(

busy(

busy!adj!esp!Am!!
engaged!(telephone)!

busily!adv!

but!nC!usu!pl!
no(ifs(and/or(buts(
all(but(

business !!trading,!
commerce!

business !!matter,!
affair;!!see!also!@!
busy(

bust !!break!

but!conj!!contrast!

busy!adj!!occupied,!
active!
busy!adj!!having!lots!
of!work!
(

but!!prep!!except!

but !conj!
but !prep!
!

76!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

butcher(

butcher!nC!!sb!selling! (
meat!

butt!!end!of!rifle,!
cigarette,!etc!
butter(

butt!nC!

butter!nU!

butter!vT!
buttered!adj!
buttery!adj!

butterfly!!see!also!@!
2(
fly
button(

butterfly!nC!!insect!

button!nC!!on!
clothing!
button!nC!!on!
machine!

button!vT/button(up!
phr!v!

buy(

buy!vIT!

buyer!nC!

buy!nC!

buying!nU!

buzz(

buzz!vI!

by!prep!!cause!
by(prep!!method!
by!prep!beside!
by!prep!!authorship!

by!prep!!before!a!
time!

by!prep!!
measurement,!
quantity,!
calculations,!etc!

by !!prep!

X(

but(for(
butcher!nC!!mass!
murderer!
butcher/butchers!
nC!Brit!!shop!
butcher!vT!
butchery!nU!
(
butter(sb(up!phr!v!
bread;and;butter!adj!!!
ordinary,!routine!
peanut(butter!nU!!
see!also!@!peanut(
(
unbutton!vIT!
unbuttoned!neg!adj!
buttonhole!nC!!in!
clothing!
buttonhole!nC!!
flower!in!buttonhole;!!
see!also!@!hole(
buy(into!phr!v!
buy(off!phr!v!
buy(out!phr!v!
buy;out!nC!
buy(up!phr!v!
buzz!nC!usu!sing!
buzzer!nC!
(

77!

headword(

A1(

A2(

by(air/car/train/(
plane/(sea/ship,(etc(
by(oneself(

by(mistake!!see!also!
@!mistake(

by(accident!!see!also! by(heart!!see!also!@!
1!
@!accident(
heart
by(all(means!see!also!
@!means(
by(chance!!see!also!
1(
@!chance
by(name!!see!also!@!
name(
by(turns!!see!also!@!
2!
turn

by(far!!see!also!@!far(

by !!adv!

by!adv!!passing(

bye !!sports!

bye!exclam!informal!
bye;bye!exclam!
informal!
(

by(day!!see!also!@!
day(
by(hand!!see!also!@!
hand(
by(law(
by(night!!see!also!@!
night(
by(means(of(
by(no(means(
by(post!!see!also!@!
1(
post
by(sight!!see!also!@!
sight(
by(surprise!!see!also!
@!surprise(
by(the(way(
by(and(by(
by(and(large!!see!
also!@!large(
(

bye!nC!

by;election!!see!also!
@!elect/election(
bypass!!see!also!@!
3(
pass

by;election!nC!

Cc(

bypass!vT!
bypass!nC!
(

cabaret(

cabaret!nCU!

cabbage(

cabbage!nCU!

bye !!see!also!@!
goodbye(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

78!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

cab!nC!

cab !!cabin!

cabin(

cab !!taxi!

C1(

C2(

X(

taxicab!nC!!see!also!
@!taxi(
(

cab!nC!
cabin!nC!!of!truck,!
aircraft,!ship,!etc!
cabin!nC!!hut!

cabinet!nC(

cabinet group!of!
ministers!
cable(

2!!

cabinet!nC!usu!sing!

cablecar!nC!!see!also!
2(
@!car

cafe(

caf!nC!

cable!nCU!!thick!wire!
cable!nU!!TV!etc!
system!
(

cafeteria!nC!

cage(

cage!nC!

cage!vT!

cake(

cake!nCU!

fruitcake!nCU!!see!
also!@!fruit(
wedding(cake!nCU!!
see!also!@!wed/(
wedding(

pancake!nC(

calcium(

birthday(cake!nC!!
see!also!@!birth/(
birthday(
Christmas(cake!nCU!!
see!also!@!Christian/(
Christmas(
(

caged!adj!
ribcage!nC!!see!also!
@!rib(
cake!vI!
a(piece(of(cake!!see!
also!@!piece(
the(icing(on(the(cake!
2(
Brit!!see!also!@!ice
carrot(cake!nCU!!see!
also!@!carrot(
cupcake!nC!!see!also!
@!cup(
(

calcium!nU!

calcify!vIT!

calculate!
mathematical!
calendar(

calculation!nCU!

calculate!vT!
calculator!nC!
(

calendar!nC!

miscalculate!vT!
miscalculation!nCU!
(

cabinet !!furniture!

79!

headword(

calf(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

calf!nC!

call!vT!often!pass!

so;called!adj!

call!vIT!
call!nC!
phone(call!nC!!see!
1
also!@!phone ,(
telephone(
(

call(box!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!box

caller!nC!

give(sb(a(call(
call(back!phr!v!
call(up(!phr!v!

call!vIT!!shout!
call!nC!

call!vT!!wake!sb!up!

call !!visit!

calm(

calmly!adv!

calm!adj!!emotional!
calm!vT!
(

calm!nU!

calorie(

calm!adj!!sea,!
weather,!etc!
(

call(by!phr!v!!visit!
informally!
call(for!phr!v!!collect!
call(in!phr!v!
call(on!phr!v!
(

call(away!phr!v!
call(for(!phr!v!!
demand!
call(off!phr!v!!cancel!
call(on(sb(to(do(sth!
phr!v!!demand!
call(out!phr!v!!shout!
call(to(mind!see!also!
1(
@!mind
(

calorie!nC!

calmness!nU!
calm(down!phr!v!
(

camel(

camel!nC!

camera(

camera!nC!

cameraman!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!man
digital(camera!nC!!
see!also!@!digital(
surveillance(camera!
nC!!see!also!@!
surveillance(

call !!give!name!
call !!telephone!

call !!shout!

80!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

camp(

camp!nCU!
(
camp!vI!
campsite!nC!!see!also!
@!site(

camping!nU!

campaign(

campaigner!nC!
campaigning!nU!

campus!nC!

campaign!vI/!
campaign(for/(
against!phr!v!
(

campus(

campaign!nC!!
political,!advertising,!
etc!
(

can!modal!v!!
possibility!

can !!tin!

can!modal!v!!ability!
can!modal!v!!
permission!
can!modal!v!!request!
(

can!nC!

can!vT!

canal(

canal!nC!

canned!adj!
can;opener!nC!!see!also!
@!open/opener(
(

cancel(

cancel!vIT!

cancellation!nCU!

canal(boat!nC!!see!
also!@!boat(
cancel(out!phr!v!

cancer(

cancer!nCU!

cancerous!adj!

candidate(

candidate!nC!

candle(

candle!nC!

candidacy/(
candidature!nU!
candelabra!nC!

candy(

candy!nCU!esp!Am!

cane(

cane!nCU!
cane!vT!

sugarcane!nU!!see!
also!@!sugar(

can !!modal!v!

base(camp!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!base
concentration(camp!
nC!!see!also!@!
2(
concentrate
refugee(camp!nC!!
see!also!@!refuge/(
refugee(
encamp!vIT!formal!
encampment!nC!
(

81!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

cannon(

cannon!nC!

canoe(

canopy(

canoe!nC!
canoe!vI!
canopy!nC!

canoeist!nC!
canoeing!nU!
(

canteen(

canteen!nC!

canvas(

canvas!nU!

canyon(

canyon!nC!

cap!nC!!hat!

cap!nC!!lid,!cover!
cap!nC!!cover!a!
bottle,!well,!etc(

cap !!limit!

capable(

capability!nCU!

capable!adj!!skilled,!
talented!
(

capacity(

capacious!adj!

cape!!garment!

capable!adj!able!
capable(of!!
capacity!nCU!!
volume!
(

cap!vT!
cap!nC!
incapable!neg!adj!

baseball(cap!nC!!see!
also!@!baseball(
shower(cap!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!shower
skullcap!nC!!see!also!
@!skull(
cap!vT!!cover!
ice(cap!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!ice
snow;capped!adj!!
see!also!@!snow(
(

cape!nC!

capitalize!vT!

capital!nC!
capital!adj!
capital!adj!
capital!nC!
capital!nU!

capitalism!nU!
capitalist!nC!

capitalist/(
capitalistic!adj!

cap !!hat,!cover!

capital !!main!city!
capital !!uppercase!
capital !!finance!

82!

headword(
4

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

capital !!punishment!
involving!death!

capsule(

captain(

captain!nC!

caption(

capture/captive(

C2(

X(

decapitate!vT!
decapitation!nCU!

capsule!nC!

capital!adj!
capital(punishment!nU!!
see!also!@!punish/(
punishment(
(

captain!vT!

captaincy!nCU!

caption!nC!

capture!vT!

captivity!nU!

car!nC!
by(car(
!

captivate!vT!
captivating!adj!
captor!nC!
armoured(car!nC!
Brit/!armored(car!nC!
Am!!see!also!@!
armour/(armor(
estate(car!nC!Brit!!
1(
see!also!@!estate
sports(car!nC!!see!
also!@!sport(

car !!railway!carriage!

car(park!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!park
motor(car!nC!!see!
also!@!motor(
police(car!nC!!see!
also!@!police(
racing(car!nC!
Brit/race(car!nC!Am!!
1(
see!also!@!race
(

capture!nU!
captive!adj!
captive!nC!
(

car!nC!esp!Am!

dining(car!nC!!see!
also!@!dine/dining(
sleeping(car!nC!!see!
1
also!@!sleep /(
sleeping(

caravan(

caravan!nC!Brit!!see!
also!@!trailer(

carbohydrate(

carbohydrate!nC!

buffet(car!nC!!see!
also!@!buffet(
cablecar!nC!!see!also!
@!cable(
streetcar!nC!Am!!see!
also!@!street(
caravan(site!nC!Brit!
see!also!@!site(
caravanning!nU!Brit!
(

carbon(

carbon!nU!

carbon(dioxide!nU!

carbon(monoxide!nU!

card!nU!Brit!!stiff!
paper!

card!nC!!postcard!

cardboard!nU/adj!!see!
1!
also!@!board

car !!road!passenger!
vehicle!

card !!stiff!paper,!
!

encapsulate!vT!

83!

headword(

plastic,!etc!

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

card!nC!!identity,!
credit,!etc!
card!nC!!greetings!
(

card!nC!!postcard!

cardboard!nU/adj!!see!
1!
also!@!board

postcard!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!post

loyalty(card!nC!!see!
also!@!loyal/loyalty(
smart(card!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!smart

card !!game!

cardiac(

card!nC!
cards!n!pl!
(

birthday(card!nC!!see! (
also!@!birth/(
birthday(
boarding(card!nC!Brit!!
1(
see!also!@!board
Christmas(card!nC!!
see!also!@!Christmas(
credit(card!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!credit
identity(card!nC!!see!
also!@!identity(
playing(card!nC!!see! (
1(
also!@!play
(
(

cardiac!adj!

care(for!phr!v!!look!
after!
take(care(of(sb/sth(
(

carer!nC!

caretaker!nC!

cardiac(arrest!nCU!
cardiovascular!adj!
caring!adj!
care(home!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!home
carelessly!neg!adv!
carelessness!nU!

career(woman!nC!

cargo!nCU!

cargo(plane!nC!!see!
!
also!@!plane

care!vIT!
care!nU!
careful!adj!
care!nU!
careful!adj!
carefully!adv!
careless!neg!adj!
(

care /care(to!!like!to!
do!sth!

career(

career!nC!

care!vI!
care!nC!usu!pl!
care(to!phr!v!
care(for!phr!v!!be!
fond!of!
(

cargo(

care !!look!after!

care !!attention!

care !!worry!

84!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

carpenter(

carpet(

carriage !!horseL
drawn!vehicle!

carriage !!railway!
vehicle/car!
3
carriage !!see!also!@!
carry(
carrot(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

carpet!nCU!

carpenter!nC!
carpentry!nU!
(

carriage!nC!

carriage!nC!esp!Brit!

carpet!vT!
carpeting!nU!
carpeted!adj!
baby(carriage!nC!Am!
=!pram!nC!Brit;!!see!
also!@!baby,(pram(
dual(carriageway!nC!
Brit!!see!also!@!dual,(
3!
way
(

carriage!nU!

carrot!nC!

carry(

carry!vT!!lift!and!
move!

carry(on!phr!v!!
continue!
carry(out!phr!v!!
perform!
aircraft(carrier!nC!
2
see!also!@!air /(
aircraft(

carrier!nC!!sb!who!
carries!sthg!
carrier!nC!!aircraft!
carrier!

cart(

cart!nC!!horseLdrawn!
goods!vehicle!

cartoon(

cartoon!nC!!
animated!film!

carrot(cake!nCU!!see!
also!@!cake(
3
carriage !nU!
carry(away!phr!v!
carry(forward!phr!v!
carry(off!phr!v!
carry(over!phr!v!
carry(through!phr!v!
mail(carrier!nC!Am!!
see!also!@!mail(
cart!vT!
cart/shopping(cart!
nC!Am!!see!also!@(
1
shop /(shopping(
put/set(the(cart(
before(the(horse!
idiom!
cartoonist!nC!

85!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

cartridge(

cartoon!nC!!amusing!
illustration!
(

carve(

carve!vIT!

case!nC!!problem,!
in(case((of)(
example!
case!nC!!court!case!
case!nC!!medical!case!
(
case!nC!

in(that(case/(in(
my/your(etc(case(
in(any/some/no(
case(
(

suitcase!nC!!see!also!
2
@!suit (

case !!furniture,!etc!

cash/cashier(

cash!nU!

bookcase!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!book
cash!vI!

staircase!nC!!see!also!
@!stair(
(

cassette(

cassette!nC!
cassette(player!nC!!

case !!problem,!
example!

case !!container!

C2(

X(

cartridge!nC!

ink(cartridge!nC!!see!
also!@!ink(
carved!adj!
carver!nC!
carving!nU/adj!
carvery!nC!
carving(knife!nC!!see!
carve(out!phr!v!
also!@!knife(
carve(up!phr!v!
(
a(case(in(point!!see!
1(
also!@!point
case(study!nC!!see!
also!@!study!
(
casing!nC!
encase!vT!
briefcase!nC!!see!also!@! packing;case!nC!!see!
2
1(
brief (
also!@!pack
pillowcase!nC!!see!@!
pillow(
vanity(case!nC!!see!
1
also!@!vain /!vanity(
showcase!nC!!see!also!
(
1!
@!show
(
cashier!nC!
in(cash(
cash(in(on(
cash(in(hand(
cash(flow!nU!!see!
also!@!flow(
cashpoint!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!point2'
petty'cash'nU!!see!
also!@!petty(
(
(

86!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

2(

cast!vT!!select!actors!

see!also!@!play
cassette(recorder!nC!!
1!
see!also!@!record
video(cassette!nC!!
see!also!@(video!
(
cast!nC!usu!sing!

cast !!throw!net,!etc!

cast!vT!

castle(

castle!nC!

cast(about/around(
(for)!phr!v!
cast(aside!phr!v!
cast(off!phr!v!
cast(out!phr!v!
outcast!nC!
cast(light(on!!see!also!
1(
@!light
castellated!adj!

casual(

casual!adj!

casually!adv!

casuals!n!pl!

casualty(

casualty!nC!!sb!hurt!
or!killed!

cat(

cat!nC!

cat(food!nU!

catalogue/catalog(

catalyst(

catalogue!nC!Brit/!
catalog!nC!Am!
(

catalogue!vT!Brit/!
catalog!vT!Am(
catalyst!nC!

casualty!nU!Brit!!=!
emergency!room!nC!
Am!
cattery!nC!
copycat!nC!!see!also!
@!copy(
cataloguing!adj!Brit/(
cataloging!adj!Am!
catalytic!adj!

catastrophe(

catch!vIT!!take!hold!
of!sth!
catch!vT!!fish,!etc!
catch!vT!!apprehend!

catch!vT/catch(up(
(with(sb)!phr!v!chase!

catch!nC!!sth!that!is!
caught!

cast !!actors!

catch !!grab,!take!
hold!of!sth!

catastrophe!nC!
catastrophic!adj!
catch!nC!!handle,!lock,!
etc!

catastrophically!adv!
catchment!nU!
be(caught(in(sth(
catch(fire!!see!also!@!
1!
fire
catch(on!phr!v!!

87!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

become!popular!
catch(sb(out!phr!v!
catch(sight(of(sb/sth!!
see!also!@!sight(
safety(catch!nC!!see!
1
also!@!safe /safety(
(

catch !!board!bus,!
train,!etc!
3
catch !!become!
infected!with!an!
illness!
category(

catch!vT!

catch!vT!

catch((a)(cold!!see!
2!
also!@!cold

category!nC!

categorize!vT!

cater(

cater!vIT!

cathedral(

cathedral!nC!

cater(for!phr!v!
catering!nU!
caterer!nC!
(

catholic(

catholic!adj/nC!

Catholicism!nU!

cattle(

cattle!n!pl!

cauliflower(

cauliflower!nC!

cause(

cause!nC!!reason!
cause!vT!
(

causal!adj!

causation!nU!
causality!nU!
causeway!nC!

caution!nU!!care!
caution!nC!!warning!

cautiously!adv!

cautionary!adj!
precautionary!adj!

cavalry(

caution!vT!
cautious!adj!
precaution!nC!
(

cavalry!nU!

cave(

cave!nC!

caveman!nC!!see!also!
3(
@!man
cave(in!!phr!v!
cavern!nC!

causeway!!see!also!
3(
@!way
caution(

88!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

cavity(

cavity!nC!

cavernous!adj!
(

CD(

CD!nC!abbrev!

CD;ROM!nC!abbrev!

cease(

cease!vT!formal!

ceiling(

ceiling!nC!!in!room!

ceasefire!nC!!see!also!@! cessation!nC!
2!
fire
ceaseless!neg!adj!
ceaselessly!neg!adv!
unceasing!neg!adj!
unceasingly!neg!adv!
ceiling!nC!!maximum!
(

celebrate!vIT!

celebration!nC!

celebratory!adj!

celebrity!nC!

celeb!nC!informal!

celebrate!vT!formal!
celebrated!adj!
celery!nU!

cell!nC!

cellular!adj!

cell !!room!in!prison!

cell!nC!esp!Am!!
battery!
cell/cellphone!nC!
esp!Am!!see!also!@!
1(
phone
(

cell!nC!

cellar(

cellar!nC!

cellmate!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!mate
(

cement(

cemented!adj!

cemetery(

cemetery!nC!

cement!nU!
cement!vT!
(

census(

census!nC!

cent!nC!

percent/per(cent!

percentile!nC!

celebrate !!
commemorate!
2
celebrate !!praise!
sb/sth!
celery(
cell !!organism!
cell !!battery/phone!

cent !!money,!coin!
cent /per(cent(
!

89!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

centenary/(
centennial(
centigrade(

adj/adv!
percentage!nCU!
(

centigrade!nU!

centimetre/(
centimeter!!see!also!
2!
@!metre/meter
1
centre/center !!
middle!

centimetre!nC!Brit/!
centimeter!nC!Am!

centre!nC!Brit/(
center!nC!Am!
central!adj!!at!the!
centre!

centre!vT!Brit/center! central!adj!!most!
vT!Am!
important,!crucial!
central(heating!nU!!
see!also!@!heat/(
heating(
town(centre(nC!esp!
Brit!!see!also!@!town(

centre!nC!Brit/(
(
center!nC!Am!
information((centre/(
center!!see!also!@!
inform/information(
medical(centre/(
center!nC!!see!also!
@!medicine/medical(
sports(centre/center!
nC!!see!also!@!sport(
tourist(information(
centre/center!nC!!
see!also!@!tour/(
tourist(

centre/center !!
place,!building!

C1(

C2(

X(

centenary!nC!Brit!
centennial!nC!Am!
(

centrally!adj!
centralize!vT!

decentralize!vIT!
decentralization!nU!
decentralized!neg!
adj!
off;centre!adj!Brit/(
off;center!adj!Am!
centrepiece!nC!Brit/(
centerpiece!nC!Am!!
see!also!@!piece(
self;centred!adj!Brit/!
self;centered!adj!Am!!
see!also!@!self(
leisure(centre/(
center!nC!!see!also!
@!leisure(

90!

headword(

century(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

ceramic(

century!nC!!100!
years!
(

cereal(

cereal!nCU!

century!nC!!score!of!100! (
in!sport!
ceramic!adj!
(
ceramics!nU!
(
(

ceremony(

ceremony!nC!

ceremonial!adj!

certain!adj!
certainly!adv!

ascertain!vIT!formal!

certain !!unspecified!
person!or!thing!
certificate(

certain!adj/pron!

certainty!nC!
certainty!nU!
uncertain!neg!adj!
uncertainty!nCU!
(

certificate!nC!

certification!nU!
certified!adj!
certify!vT!

chain(

chain!nCU!!linked!
metal!

chair!nC(

chain!nC!!fig!!
events,!mountains,!
reaction,!etc!
chain!vT/chain(up!
phr!v!
(

birth(certificate!nC!!
see!also!@!birth(
death(certificate!nC!!
see!also!@!death(
marriage(certificate!
nC!!see!also!@!
marry/marriage(
chained!adj!
chainsaw!nC!!see!
also!@!saw(

certain !!sure,!in!no!
doubt!

chair !!furniture(

armchair!nC!!see!also! (
1(
@!arm
wheelchair!nC!!see!
also!@!wheel(

ceremonially!adv!
ceremonious!adj!
ceremoniously!adv!
unceremoniously!
neg!adv!
for(certain(
make(certain(of(sth(

deckchair!nC!!see!
also!@!deck(
pushchair!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!
stroll/stroller(

91!

headword(

chair !!meeting!

A1(

A2(

chairman!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!man
chairwoman!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!woman
(

challenge !!difficulty!

challenge !!bid!for!
title,!leadership,!etc!
chamber(

challenge!nC!
challenge!vT!!
question,!create!
problem!for!sb!
(

champagne(
champion(

chalk(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

rocking(chair!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!rock
(

chair!nC!!!chairman/!
woman!
chairperson!nC!!see!
also!@!person(
(

chair!vT!

chairmanship!nU!

chalk!nU!

chalk!vT!

challenger!nC!
challenging!adj!
challenged!adj!

challenger!nC!

challenge!nC!
challenge!vIT!
chamber!nC!

champagne!nU!

unchallenged!neg!
adj!
chambermaid!nC!!
see!also!@!maid(
chamber(of(
commerce!nC!!see!
also!@!commerce(
(

champion!vT!

by(chance(

chance!vIT!

chalky!adj!
chalkboard!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!board
chalk(up!phr!v!
(

champion!nC!
championship!nC!
chance!nU!

chance!nC!

chance(on/upon!phr!
v!
mischance!nCU!
formal!
take(ones(chances(
stand(a(chance(of((

chance!nC!

chance !!luck!

chance !!likelihood,!
possibility!
3
chance !!opportunity!

B1(

92!

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4

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

chance !!risk!

chance!nC!

chancellor!!senior!
politician!
1
change !!become/!
make!different!

chancellor!nC!Brit!

change!vIT!!become/!
make!different!

change!vT!!buses,!
trains,!planes,!etc!

change!vI!!!exchange!

changing!adj!

changeable!adj!

change!nC!

changed!adj!
unchanged!neg!adj!
!

exchange!nCU!

change !!clothes!

change !!money!

channel !!waterway,!
etc!
2
channel !!radio/TV!
station!
chant(
!

X(

chance!vT!
take(a(chance(
(
unchanging!neg!adj!
change(hands!!see!
also!@!hand(
change(into!phr!v!
change(over!phr!v!
changeover!nC!
change(ones(mind!!
1(
see!also!@!mind
for(a(change(
in(exchange((for)(
stock(exchange!nC!!
2(
see!also!@!stock

exchange!vT!!take!
exchange(rate!nC!!
one!thing!for!another! see!also!@!rate!
exchange!vT!!change!
money!
(
(

change!vT!!convert!
money!

change(!vIT!!clothes(

channel!nC!

channel!vT!

interchange!nCU!
interchange!vIT!
interchangeable!adj!
interchangeably!adv!
loose(change!nU!
small(change!nU!
short;change!vT!
short;changed!adj!!
2(
see!also!@!short
changing(room!nC!!
1!
see!also!@!room
(

channel!nC!

chant!vT!
chant!nC!

chanting!nU!

93!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

chaos(

chaos!nU!

chaotic!adj!

chap!

chap!nC!Brit!informal!

chaotically!adv!
in(chaos(
(

chapel(

chapel!nC!

chaplain!nC!

chapter(

chapter!nC!!in!book!

character!nC!

characteristic!nC!

characterize!vT!

characteristic!adj!

characteristically!adv!

character!nC!

uncharacteristic!adj!
uncharacteristically!
neg!adv!
in(character(
out(of(character(
(

character!nC!

charcoal!nU!

charge!vIT!
charge!nC!

overcharge!vIT!

charged!adj!

charge!nC!
charge!vT!
(

service(charge!nC!!
1
see!also!@!serve /(
service(
(
(

in(charge((of)(

take(charge(

charge !!accuse!

charge!vT!
charge!nC!

charity(

charity!nC!!
organization!

charity!nU!

charitable!adj!

charm(

charming!adj!

charm!nC!!lucky!charm!

chart(

chart!nC!!diagram,!
table,!etc!

charm!nCU!
charm!vT!
(

chart!nC!!map!

chart!vT!

countercharge!nC!
bring(charges(
drop((the)(charges(
uncharitable!neg!adj!
charity(shop!nC!Brit!!
1(
see!also!@!shop
charmed!adj!
charmingly!adv!
uncharted!neg!adj!

character !!quality!

character !!person!in!
book,!film,!etc!
3
character !!symbol,!
letter,!etc!
charcoal!!see!also!@!
coal(
1
charge !!ask!money!
for!sth!
2

charge !!energy!
supply!
3
charge /in(charge(

94!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

charter!!constitution!

charter!nC!

chase(

chase!vIT!

chase!nC!

chat(

chat!vI!
chat!nCU!

cheap(

cheap!adj!

cheaply!adv!

chatty!adj!
chat(up!phr!v!
chat(room!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!room
chat(show!nC!Brit!!
2(
see!also!@!show
chatter!vI!
chatter!nU!
chatterbox!nC!
informal!
cheapen!vI!

cheat(

cheat!vIT!
cheat!nC!

check!vT!

check!nC!

paycheck!nC!Am/pay(
cheque!nC!Brit!!see!also!
@!pay(

3!

check!nC!Am/cheque! travellers(cheque!nC! checkbook!nC!Am/!

nC!Brit!
Brit/travelers(check! chequebook!nC!Brit!!
1(
nC!Am!!see!also!@!
see!also!@!book
travel(
(
check(in!phr!v!
(
check(out!phr!v!
check;in!nCU!
check;out!nCU!

check !!examine,!
make!sure!

check /cheque!!see!
also!@!cheque(

check !register!at!
hotel,!airport,!etc!

cheating!nU!
cheater!nC!
cheat(on(sb!
check(over!phr!v!
check(up!phr!v!
check;up!nC!
checklist!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!list
double;check!vIT!!
see!also!@!double(
unchecked!neg!adj!
(

checkpoint!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!point

95!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

cheek(

cheek!nC!!face!part!

cheer /cheerful!!
happy!

cheerio(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

cheekbone!nC!!see!
also!@!bone(
(

cheer!vIT!!!
cheer!nC!

cheers!!!exclam!

cheerful!adj!

cheerio!exclam!Brit!

cheer(vT!
cheer((sb)(up!phr!v!
cheerfully!adv!
(

cheer(on!phr!v!
cheer(leader!nC!esp!
Am!!see!also!@!
1
lead /(leader(
(

cheese(

cheese!nCU!

chef(
chemical/chemist/(
chemistry(

(
(

(
chemical!nC!

(
(

cheque/check(

cheque!nC!Brit/(
check!nC!Am(

cherry(

(
chemical!adj!
chemist!nC!Brit!!
pharmacist!
chemist!nC!!scientist!
chemistry!nU!
travellers(cheque!nC!
Brit/travelers(check!
nC!Am!!see!also!@!
2
check ,(travel(
(

cheeseburger!nC!!see! (
also!@!burger(
chef!nC!
(
(
biochemistry!nU!
biochemist!nC!
biochemical!adj!

chess(

chest !!container!

chestnut!!see!also!@!
1(
nut
chew(

cheer !!shout!

chest !!body!part!

(
cheesy!adj!
(
chemically!adv!
chemotherapy!nU!!
see!also!@!therapy(

chequebook!nC!Brit/!! (
checkbook!nC!Am!
1
see!also!@!book (

pay(cheque!nC!Brit/(
paycheck!nC!Am!!see!
also!@!pay(

cherry!nC!

chest!nC!

chess!nU!
chessboard!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!board
(

chest!nC!

chestnut!nC!

chest(of(drawers!nC!!
see!also!@!drawer(
(

chew!vIT!

chewy!adj!

96!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

chewing(gum!nU!!see!
2(
also!@!gum

chicken(

chicken!nC!!bird!
chicken!nU!!meat!
chief!nC!
chief!adj!

chick!nC!

chief(

chiefly!adv!

child/children(

child/children!nC!

childhood!nCU!

childbirth!nCU!!see!
also!@!birth(

childish!adj!

grandchild!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!grand

schoolchild/children!
nC!!see!also!@!
school(

chill(

chimney(

chill!vIT!
chill!nC!usu!sing!
chimney!nC!

chilling!adj!
chilly!adj!
(

chin(

chin!nC!

X(

chew(over!phr!v!
bite(off(more(than(
you(can(chew!idiom!!
see!also!@!bite(
(
chieftain!nC!
chief(executive/chief(
executive(officer!nC!!
see!also!@!executive(
commander;in;chief!
nC!!see!also!@!
2
command /(
commander(
childishly!adv!
childishness!nU!
childs(play!nU!!see!
1(
also!@!play
childproof!adj!!see!
3(
also!@!proof
foster(child!nC!!see!
also!@!foster(
godchild!nC!!see!also!
@!god(
chilled!adj!
!
chimneypot!nC!!see!
also!@!pot(
chimneystack!nC!!
see!also!@!stack(
chimney(sweep!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!sweep
double(chin!nC!!see!
also!@!double(

97!

headword(

A1(

A2(

chip !!computer!
component!

chocolate(

chocolate!nU!!
substance!
chocolate!nC!!
confectionery!
chocolate!nU/adj!!
colour!
(

chip !!fried!potato,!
French!fry!

chip !!damage!

choice !!choosing;!!
see!also!@!choose(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

chip!nC!esp!Brit!!fried!
potato!
chip!nC!esp!Am!!
snack!of!thin!fried!
potatoes!=!crisp!nC!
esp!Brit!
chip!nC!
chip!vIT!
chip!nC!
computer(chip!nC!!
see!also!@!computer(
(

fish(and(chips!nU!!
see!also!@!fish(

chipped!adj!
chipped(potato!nC!
Brit!!see!also!@!
potato(
potato(chip!nC!Am!!
see!also!@!potato(
chipped!adj!

silicon(chip!nC!!see!
also!@!silicon(

chocolatier!nC!
chocoholic/(
chocaholic!nC!
informal!

choice!nCU!

multiple;choice!adj!
multiple;choice(
question!nC!!see!also!
@!multiple,(question(
(

choice !!variety!

choice!nCU!!act!of!
choosing!
choice!nC!!sth!
chosen!
(

choir(

choir!nC!
(

choirboy/girl!nC!!see!
also!@!boy,(girl(

choke(

choke!vIT!

chorister!nC!
choirmaster!nC!!see!
also!@!master(
(

cholesterol(

cholesterol!nU!

choose!!see!also!@!
1&2(
choice
1
chop !!cut,!hack!

choose!vIT!

chosen!adj!

choosy!adj!informal!

chop!vT!

chopped!adj!

chopper!nC!Brit!
chopping(board!nC!
Brit!!see!also!@!

98!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(
1(

chop !!piece!of!meat!

chop!nC!

board
chopping(block!nC!
Am!!see!also!@!block(
(

chord(

chord!nC!

chore(

chore!nC!

chorus(

chorus!nC!

choral!adj!

chorus!vT!

Christian/Christmas(

Christian!adj!

Christianity!nU!

unchristian!neg!adj!

Christmas!nCU(

Christmas(day!nC!
usu!sing!

happy/merry(
Christmas!(

Christmas(Eve!nC!usu!
sing!!see!also!@!eve(

chronic(

Christian!nC!
Christian(name!nC!!
see!also!@!name(
Christmas(cake!nCU!!
see!also!@!cake(
Christmas(card!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!card
Christmas(present!
nC!!see!also!@!
1!
present
Christmas(tree!nC!!
see!also!@!tree(
(

chronic!adj!

chronically!neg!adv!

chuckle(

chunk(

chuckle!vI!
chuckle!nC!
chunk!nC!

church(

church!nC!!building!
church/the(church!
nU!!institution!
(

churchyard!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!yard

go(to(church(
churchgoer!nC!

cigarette!nC!

cigar!nC!
cigarette(lighter!nC!!
2
see!also!@!light /(
lighter!

cigar/cigarette(

99!

headword(

cinema(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

cinema!nC!!building!

circle!nC!!round!
shape!
circular!adj!

circuit!nC!

circulation!bnU!

encircle!vT!

circular !!leaflet!sent!
to!many!people!
circumstance(

circle!vIT!
circle!nC!!group!of!
people!
circulate!vI!
(

circular!nC!

circumstance!nC!usu!
pl!

circus(

circus!nC!

circumstantial!adj!
under(any/some/no(
circumstances(
in/under(the(
circumstances(
(

cite(

cite!vT!

citation!nC!

citizen(

citizen!nC!

citizenship!nU!

city!!see!also!@!
citizen(
civic(

city!nC!

inner(city!n!sing!

city(hall!nC!esp!Am!!
2(
see!also!@!hall
(

senior(citizen!nC!!see!
also!@!senior(
(

civic!adj!

civil!!within!a!country! (

civil!adj!

civilian(

civilian!nC!
civilian!adj!

civil(war!nC!!see!also!
@!war(
civil(rights!n!pl!!see!
5
also!@!right /(rights(
civil(servant!nC!
civil(service!n!sing!!
2
see!also!@!serve /(
servant/service(
(

circle/circular

1(

cinema!nU!!art,!
industry!
cinematic!adj!
go(to(the(cinema(
encirclement!nU!
circular(saw!nC!!see!
also!@!saw(

100!

headword(

civilization(

A1(

A2(

B1(

claim !!say!that!sth!is!
true!
2
claim !!collect!sth;!
see!also!@!reclaim(
clamp(

claim!vT!
claim!nC!
(

clan(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

civilization!nCU!
civilize!vT!
(

civilized!adj!

uncivilized!neg!adj!

claimant!nC!

claim!vIT!
claim!nC!
(

clamp!vT!
clamp!nC!

clan!nC!esp!Scot!

clap(

clarify!!see!also!@!
1!
clear
clash(

clap!vIT!!applaud!
clap!nC!!loud!noise!
(thunder,!etc)!
clapping!nU!
(

disclaim!vT!
disclaimer!nC!
unclaimed!neg!adj!
lay(claim(to(
clamped!adj!
clamp(down((on)!phr!
v!
wheelclamp!nC!!see!
also!@!wheel(
clansman/woman!
nC!
clannish!adj!
clap!nC!usu!sing!
applause!

clarification!nCU!

classmate!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!mate

clash!nC!
clash!vI!
(

clarify!vT!
clarity!nU!
(
(

evening(class!nC!!see!
also!@!evening(

first/second/third,(
etc(class!nU!!see!also!
@!first(
first;/second;/third;(
etc(class!adj!!see!also!
@!first(
(

business(class!nU!!
1
see!also!@!business (
economy(class!nU!!
see!also!@!
2(
economy

top;class!adj!!see!
also!@!top(

class!vT!

classify!vT!
classification!nCU!

middle(class!nC!
middle;class!adj!!see!
also!@!middle(

classless!neg!adj!
!

class !!learning!group! class!nC!

classroom!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!room
2
class !!level!of!
(
service!

class !!group!of!
people/things!
!

class!nC!!group!

101!

headword(

A1(

A2(

classic(

clause(

claw(

clay(
clean!

B2(

C1(

C2(

classically!adv!

claw!vT!
claw(back!phr!v!
(

classical(music!nU!!
see!also!@!music(

claw!nC!

clay!nU!

clean!adj!!opp.!dirty!
clean!vIT!

cleaner!nC!
cleaning!nU!
vacuum(cleaner!nC!!
see!also!@!vacuum(

cleanliness!nU!
cleanse!vT!

clear!adj!

clear!adj!
clearly!adv!
(

clearly!adv!
clarify!vT!
clarity!nU!
unclear!neg!adj!
unclear!neg!adj(

clear!vT!
clear!adj!!without!
obstacles!

clearance!nU!
clearing!nC!

clear!adv!!out!of!the!
way!
clear!vT!!jump!over!
sth!

clear !!obvious,!
without!doubt!
3
clear !!empty,!
without!obstacles!

clear !!without!
touching!

X(

working(class!adj!!
1(
see!also!@!work
(

classic!adj!
classic!nC!
classical!adj!
clause!nC!!part!of!
legal!document!
clause!nC!!grammar!
(

clear !!not!confused,!
understandable;!see!
also!@!clarify(

B1(

clean(out!phr!v!
clean(up!phr!v!
dry(cleaning!nU!!see!
also!@!dry(
spring;clean!viT,!nU!!
1(
see!also!@!spring
unclearly!neg!adv!
clear(up!phr!v!!clarify!

clear;cut!adj!
make(clear(
clear(away!phr!v!
clear(out!phr!v!
clear(up!phr!v!!tidy!
up!
clear(the(air!!see!also!
1(
@!air
keep/steer(clear(of(

102!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

clear!adj!!
(
transparent,!
cloudless!
clear!adj!!sharplyL
focused,!opp.!blurred!
clear!vI!!weather!
(
(

clearance!n!usu!sing!!
space!under!bridge,!
etc!
(

clear!vT!!find!not!
guilty!

clench(

clench!vT!

clergy(

clergy!n!pl!

clerk(

clerk!nC!

clerical!adj!

clever(

clever!adj!

click(

client(

client!nC!

click!vI!
click!nC!
(

cleverly!adv!
cleverness!nU!
clever(at(
be(clever(with(
(

clientele!nCU!

cliff(

cliff!nC!

climate(

climate!nU!!weather!

climatic!adj!

climax(

climate!n!usu!sing!!
situation!
(

climax!nC!

climax!vIT!

climb(

climb!vIT!

climb!nC!
climber!nC!

rock(climbing!nU!!
1!
see!also!@!rock

clear !!obtain!
permission!
7
clear ((without!guilt!

clear !!transparent,!
etc!

clear(up!phr!v!!
improve!(weather)!

clear!vT!
clearance!nCU!
(

(
cleared!adj!
clear(conscience!nCU!!
see!also!@!
conscience(
clenched!adj!
clergyman!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!man
clerically!adv!

103!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

cling(

cling!vI!

climbing!nU!
(

clinic(

clip!!fasten!

clinic!nC!
clinical!adj!
(

cloak(

clip!nC!
paperclip!nC!
(

clock(

oclock!adv!

clock!nC!

clone(

close!vIT!

closing(time!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!time

closed!adj!
closure!nCU!

closely!adv!

closet(

close!adj!
close!adv!
(

enclose!vT!
enclosure!nC!
(

WC!nC!abbrev!=!
water!closet!

closet!nC!esp!Am!

cloth(

cloth!nCU!

clothes(

clothes!n!plural!

clothe!vI!
clothing!nU!

bedclothes!n!pl!!see!
1(
also!@!bed

tablecloth!nC!!see!
1
also!@!table (
(

cloud(

cloud!nCU!

close !!shut!

close !!near!

cloakroom!nC!!!room!
for!coats;!!toilet;!see!
1!
also!@!room
alarm(clock!nC!!see!
also!@!alarm(
put/turn(the(clock(
forward/back(
(

X(

(
(

clinically!adv!
clinician!nC!
clip!vT!

cloak!nC!

cloak!vT!

clock(in(!phr!v!
clock(out!phr!v!
clockwise!adj!
anti;clockwise!adj!
Brit!
counter;clockwise!
adj!Am!
(

clockwork!nU/adj!
around/round(the(
clock(
work(against(the(
clock(
clock(up(!phr!v!

clone!nC!
clone!vT!
close!n!sing!

cloned!adj!
cloning!nU!
close(down!phr!v!
come/draw(to(a(
close(
enclosed!adj!

closeness!nU!

close(in((on)!phr!v!
close(up!phr!v!
closet!adj!
facecloth!nC!!see!
also!@!face(
clothes(peg!nC!Brit!/!
clothes(pin!nC!Am!!
see!also!@!peg,(pin(
cloud!vT!!make!sth!

104!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

cloudy!adj!

clown(

X(

more!difficult!
cloud(over!phr!v!
cloudless!neg!adj!
ash(cloud!nC!!see!
also!@!ash(
cloudburst!nC!!see!
also!@!burst(
clown!vI!

clown!nC!

club!nC!!society!
club!nC!!place!of!
entertainment!

nightclub(!nC!!see!
also!@!night(

club !!cards!!

club!nC!
club!vT!
(

clubbing!nU!
club(together!phr!v!
cricket/football/golf
/rugby,(etc(club!nC!!!
strip(club!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!strip
golf(club!nC!!stick!

club!n!usu!pl!

clue(

clue!nC!

clumsy(

clumsy!adj!

cluster(

cluster!nC!

cluster!vIT!

clued(in!adj!informal!
clueless!neg!adj!
informal!
clumsiness!nU!
clumsily!adv!
(

clutch(

clutch!vT!

clutch!nC!

co;(

coach!nC!!bus!
coach!nC!!railway!
carriage!
(

co;worker!nC!esp!Am!! co;author nC!!see!also!

1
see!also!@!work /(
@!author(
worker(
(
(

coach!vT!
coach!nC!

coaching!nU!

club !!society!

club !!large!stick!

coach !!vehicle!

coach !!train/trainer!
!

stage(coach!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!stage

105!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

coal(

coal!nU!

coalition(

coalition!nC!

colliery!nC!
charcoal!nU!
(

coarse(

coarse!adj!

coast!!seashore!

coast!nC!

coastal!adj!

fur(coat!nC!!see!also!
@!fur(

coat !!layer!of!fur,!
paint,!etc!
cocaine(

coat!nC!
raincoat!nC!!see!also!
@!rain(
(

coarsely!adv!
coarseness!nU!
coastline!nC!!see!also!@! (
1(
line
overcoat!nC!
(

coat!nC!
coat!vT!
cocaine!nU!

undercoat!nC!
undercoat!vT!
coke!nU!informal!

cock!!male!chicken!

cock!nC!

cockpit(

cockpit!nC!

cocktail(

cocktail!nC!

cocoa(

cocoa!nU!

coconut!!see!also!@!
1(
nut
cod(

coconut!nCU!

cod!nU!

code!nC!

codify!vT!

code !!secret!writing!

code!nCU!

coefficient(

code!vT!
coded!adj!
decode!vT!
encode!vT!
coefficient!nC!

coffee(

coffee!nU!
coffee!nC!
coffee!adj!

coffee(bar!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!bar

coffee(break!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!break

coffeecup!nC!!see!
also!@!cup(
(

black(coffee!nCU!
white(coffee!nCU!
coffee(bean!nC!!see!
also!@!bean(

coat !!clothing!

code !!set!of!rules!

collier!nC!
(

106!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

coffin(

coffin!nC!

cognitive(

cognitive!adj!

coherent(

coherent!adj!

coherence!nU!
incoherent!neg!adj!

cohort(

cohort!nC!

coil(

coin(

coin!nC!

coil!nC!
coil!vT!
coinage!nU!

coincide(

coincide!vI!

coincidence!nCU!

cold!adj!

cold/the(cold!nU!

coldly!adv!

cold !!illness!

cold!nC!

collaborate(

collaboration!nU!

collaborate!vI!

collaborative!adj!

collapse(

collapse!vI!

collapse!nCU!

collar(

collar!nC!

cold !!low!
temperature!

X(

coffeepot!nC!!see!
also!@!pot(
(
cognition!nU!
cognitively!adv!
coherently!adv!
incoherently!neg!adv!
incoherence!nU!
(
coiled!adj!
coin!vT!
coin(it(in!phr!v!Brit!
coincidental!adj!
coincidentally!adv!
coldness!nU!
give(sb(the(cold(
shoulder!!see!also!@!
shoulder(
put/pour/throw(cold(
water(on(sth!!see!
also!@!water(
in(cold(blood!!see!
also!@!blood!
catch((a)(cold(
collaborator!nC!
collaboratively!adv!
in(collaboration(with(
(
collar!vT!informal!
collarbone!nC!!see!
also!@!bone(

107!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

colleague!nC!

dog(collar(nC!!see!
also!@!dog(
blue;collar!adj!
white(collar!adj!
(

collect !!gather,!save!
(e.g.!as!a!hobby)!
2
collect !!pick!sth!up!
from!somewhere!
college(

collect!vT!
collection!nC!
(

collectively!adv!

collect!vT!

collector!nC!
collective!adj!
collection!nC!

college!nC!

collide/collision(

collision!nC!

collide!vI!

colliery!!see!@!coal(

colliery!nC!

colon!!punctuation!

colonel(

colon!nC!
semi;colon!nC!
colonel!nC!

colony(

colony!nC!
colonial!adj!

colonialist!nC!

colour/color(

colour!nC!Brit/color!
nC!Am!

colour!vT!Brit/color!
vT!Am(

coloured!adj!Brit/!
colored!adj!Am!

colourful!adj!Brit/!
colorful!adj!Am!

watercolour!nC!Brit/!
watercolor!nC!Am(

colonialist!adj!
colonize!vT!
colonialism!nU!
colonist!nC!
colonization!nU!
colouring!nU!Brit/!
coloring!nU!Am!

colleague(
1

colourless!neg!adj!
Brit/!colorless!neg!
adj!Am!
colour;blind!adj!Brit/!
color;blind!adj!Am!!
see!also!@!blind(
discolour!vIT!Brit/(
discolor!vIT!Am!
!

108!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

discoloration!nU!!
column(

column!nC!!pillar!

comb(

combat(

comb!nC!
comb!vT!!hair!
(

combine(

come(

come!vI!!arrive!
come!vI!!approach!
come(in!phr!v!!enter!
come(from!phr!v!!
born/!live!
somewhere!
come(to/for!phr!v!
come!+!purpose!
(

column!nC!!in!book,!
newspaper,!etc!
(

combat!nU!
combat!vT!

combine!vIT!
combination!nC!
(

combined!adj!

comb!vT!!search!
comb(through!phr!v!
combatant!nC/adj!
non;combatant!nC/!
adj!
combative!adj!
(

coming!nC!!arrival!

come(home!!see!also!
@!home(

come(down!phr!v!!
reduce,!e.g.!price!

coming!adj!!
happening!soon!
(

newcomer!nC!

comeback!nC!
incoming!adj!

come(about!phr!v!!
happen!
come(across/by!phr!
v!!find!by!chance!
come(across!phr!v!!
communicate!
come(along!phr!v!!
progress,!develop!
come(along!phr!v!!
accompany!
come(apart!phr!v!!
disintegrate!
come(between!phr!v!!
prevent,!cause!
disagreement!
come(by!phr!v!!
overtake!
come(by!phr!v!!visit!
come(forward!phr!v!!
volunteer!
come(in!phr!v!!come!
into!fashion!
come(into!phr!v!!

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inherit!
come(off!phr!v!!fall!
off!
come(off!phr!v!!
succeed!
come(on!!exclam!!
hurry!up;!support!
come(on!phr!v!!
appear!on!stage,!etc!
come(on!phr!v!!
improve!
come(out!phr!v!!
emerge!
come(out!phr!v!!
appear,!be!produced,!
etc!
come(out!phr!v!!
bloom,!etc!
come(out(with!phr!v!!
say,!express!
come(to/and(see!!
visit!
come(round/around!
phr!v!!visit!
come(round!phr!v!!
occur!regularly!
come(round/to!phr!v!!
regain!consciousness!
come(round/around!
phr!v!!change!ones!
mind,!agree!
come(through!phr!v!
survive!
come(to!phr!v!!total!

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come(under!phr!v!!be!
responsibility!of!
come(up!phr!v!!be!
mentioned!
come(up(against!phr!
v!!face!problem,!etc!
come(up(for!phr!v!!
be!due!for!
come(up(to!phr!v!!
approach!
come(up(with!phr!v!!
invent,!etc!
oncoming!adj!
upcoming!adj!esp!
Am!

comedy/comic(

comedy!nCU!
comic!adj!

comic!nC!!magazine!

comedian!nC!

comet(

comet!nC!

comfort !!pleasant!
feelings,!
surroundings,!etc!
2
comfort !!
sympathise,!!soothe!

comfortable!adj!

comfort!nCU!

uncomfortable!neg!
adj!

discomfort!nCU(

uncomfortably!neg!
adv!

comma(

comma!nC!

comfort(vT!
comfort!nU!
comforting!adj!
(

command!nC!

command!vT!

inverted(commas!n!pl!!
see!also!@!invert(
(

command!nU!

command!vT!
commander!nC!

commanding!adj!
in(command(
take(command(
commander;in;chief!
nC!!see!also!@!chief(

command !!order!
command (!lead(

comic!nC!!comedian!
comical!adj!
comedienne!nC!
(

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commemorate!!see!
@!memory(
commence(

commemorate!vT!

commencement!nU!

comment/(
commentary(
commerce/(
1(
commercial

comment!nCU!

comment!vIT!

commence!vIT!
formal!
(

command(post!nC!!
5(
see!also!@!post
commemoration!nU!
commemorative!adj(
(

commentate!vI!

commercial((adj!

commerce!nU!

commentary!nCU!
commentator!nC!
(

commercially!adv!

commercial!nC!

chamber(of(
commerce!nC!!see!
also!@!chamber(
(

commission!nC!

commissioner!nC!

commission!vT!

commit !!do!sth!
commit!vT!
illegal!
2
commit /committed!! (
believe!in/support!!
sth!
committee(
committee!nC!

commitment!nU!

commit(suicide!!see!
also!@!suicide(
(

committed!adj!

sub;committee!nC!

commit!vI!
non;committal!neg!
adj!
(

commodity(

commodity!nC!

common!adj!

commonly!adv!

uncommon!neg!adj!

common!adj!
in(common(

uncommonly!neg!
adv!
by(common(consent!!
see!also!@!consent(
common(sense!nU/!!
commonsense!adj!
3(
see!also!@!sense
common!nC!

!2!

commercial
!
advertisement
1
commission !!official!
committee!
2
commission !!start!
1

common !!usual,!
frequent!

common !!shared!

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A2(

B1(

commons(

commonplace(

commonwealth(

communal/(
community(

community!nC!

communicate(

communication!nU!

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

the(Commons!nU!
Brit!
the(House(of(
Commons!nU!Brit!
(

commonplace!adj!

commonwealth!nU!
esp!Brit!
(

communal!adj!

communicate!vIT!

communicative!adj!

bedroom(
community!nC!Am!!
see!also!@!bed/(
bedroom,(dormitory(
town(
communication!nC!

telecommunications!
nU(

communion(

communism(

communist!nC!

communist!adj!

communism!nU!

communion!nU!!
religious!ceremony!
(

commuter(

compact(

company!nC!

company!nU!
companion!nC!
(

compare!vIT!

comparison!nCU!

company !!presence!
company !!business,!
corporation!
compare(

telecommunication!
adj!
telecom!adj!informal(
(
(
(

compact!adj!

commuter!nC!
commute!vI!
(

keep(sb(company(
part(company(
(

comparable!adj!
comparative!adj!

comparatively!adv!

compact!vT!

incomparable!adj!
beyond/without(
comparison(
by/in(comparison(
(with)(

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compartment(

compartment!nC!

compass!!device!for!
finding!direction!
compassion(

compass!nC!

compartmentalize!
vT!Brit!
(

compassion!nU!

compassionate!adj!

compassionately!adv!

compatible(

compatible!adj!

compel/compulsion(

compensate(

compensation!nU!

compel!vT!
compulsory!adj!
(

compatibility!nCU!
incompatible!neg!adj!
compelling!adj!
compulsion!nU!
(

compete/(
competition(
competent(

competition!nCU!

compete!vI!

competitive!adj!

competitor!nC!

competence!nCU!

competent!adj!

competing!adj!
competitiveness!nU!
incompetent!neg!adj!

compile(

compile!vT!

compilation!nC!

uncompetitive!neg!
adj!
competently!adv!
incompetently!neg!
adv!
incompetence!nU!
compiler!nC!

complacent(

complain/(
1(
complaint

complaint !!illness!

complain!vIT!
complaint!nCU!!act/!
instance!of!
complaining!
(

complacent!adj!
complacency!nU!
(

complaint!nC!

complement(

complete !!finished!

complete!adj!
complete!vT!

completion!nU!

complement!vT!
complement!nC!
complementary!adj!
incomplete!neg!adj!

complete!adj!

complete !!very!
!

compensate!vI!

(
compensated!adj!

complainant!nC!
uncomplaining!neg!
adj!

completed!adj!
incompletely!neg!
adv!
incompleteness!nU!
(

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great,!total!
3
complete !!fill!in!
form,!etc!
1
complex !!
complicated!
2
complex !!group!of!
buildings!
3
complex !!
psychological!
condition!
complexion(

completely!adv!
(

complete!vT!

complex!adj!

complexity!nCU!

complex!nC!

complex!nC!

complexion!nC!

complicate(

complication!nCU!

compliment(

complicate!vT!
complicated!adj!
(

comply(

comply!vI!

compliance!nU!
compliant!adj!

compliment!nC!
compliment!vT!
complimentary!adj!
(

uncomplicated!neg!
adj!
uncomplimentary!
neg!adj!

component(

component!nC!

non;compliance!nU!
non;compliant!neg!
adj!
(

compose !!write!
music,!poetry,!etc/!
composition(
2
compose !!make!

composite!adj!

compost(

compose!vT!
composition!nU!
(

compose!vIT!
composer!nC!
composition!nCU!
(
(

compost!nU!

compound!nC!

composite!nC!
be(composed(of(
compost(vT!
compost(heap!nC!
Brit/!compost(pile(!
nC!Am!!see!also!@!
heap,(pile(
(

compound!vT!

compound !!
chemical!substance!
2
compound !!make!
!

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worse!
comprehend(

comprehensive(

comprehensive!adj!

comprehend!vIT!
comprehension!nU!
incomprehensible!neg!
adj!
(

comprise(

comprisevT!formal!

compromise(

compromise!nCU!

compromise!vI!

computer(

computer!nC!

computer(chip!nC!!
3(
see!also!@!chip
laptop(computer!nC!!
see!also!@!lap/(
laptop(

compute!vIT!formal!
computing!nU!

computerize!vT!
computational!adj!
(

comrade(

comrade!nC!

con !!deception!

conceal(

conceal!vT!formal!

con!nC!!!
!
con!nC!informal!!
deception!
con!vT!informal!!deceive(
(

concede/concession(

conceit(

concede!vT!
concession!nC!
(

concept!nC!

conceive!vT!
conception!nC!

conceptual!adj!

conceit!nU!
conceited!adj!
conceivable!adj!

conceive!vIT!

con !disadvantage!

conceive !!think,!
believe/!concept(
conceive !!become!
!

X(

comprehensively!
adv!
(
uncompromising!neg!
adj!
computerization!nU!
computer;literate!
adj!
computer(literacy!
nU!!see!also!@!
literacy/literate(
comradeship!nU!
pros(and(cons!!n!pl!
see!also!@!pro(
conman!nC!!see!also!
3(
@!man
concealed!adj!
concealment!nU!
unconcealed!neg!adj!
(
(
inconceivable!neg!
adj!
misconception!nC!
conception(nC!

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pregnant/(
conception!!see!also!
@!contraception(

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C1(

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(
(

(
(

(
(

(
(

(
(

conception!nU!
contraception!nU!

concentrate!vI!
concentration!nU!
(

concentrate!vIT!

concentration(!nCU!

concern!nCU!
concern!vT!
concerned!adj!
(

as/so(far(as(sb/sth(is(
concerned(

concern !!business,!
company,!etc!
concert(

concern!nC!

concern(!vT!
concerned!adj!
concerning!prep!
formal!
!
!
concert!nC(

concerted(

concerted!adj!

concert(hall!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!hall
in(concert(

concerto(

concerto!nC!

concession!!see!also!
@!concede(
1
conclude !!decide!

concede!vT!
concession!nC(
(

conclusive!adj!

inconclusive!neg!adj!

concrete!vT!

concurrent!adj!

concentrate !!think!
hard!
2
concentrate !!make!
denser!

concern !!worry,!
responsibility!
2

concern !!be!about,!
involve!

conclude!vT!
conclusion!nC!
(

concrete !!building!
material!
2
concrete !!definite!

conclude!vI!
conclusion!nC!
(

concrete!adj!

concrete!nU!
concrete!adj!
(

concurrent!!see!@!

conclude !!finish!

conception(nC!
contraceptive!nC!
contraceptive!adj!
(
concentrate!nC!
concentrated!adj!
concentration(camp!
nC!!see!also!@!camp!
unconcerned!neg!adj!
show(concern(for(

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current
condemn(

condemn!vT!

condemnation!nU!

concurrently!adv!
condemned!adj!

condense(

condition!nCU!

conditions!n!pl!!
circumstances!

conditioning!nU!

condensed(milk!nU!
see!also!@!milk!
in/out(of(condition((

condition !!
stipulation!

condition!nC!

air;conditioning!nU/(
air;conditioned!adj!!
1
see!also!@!air (
conditional!adj!

condense!vIT!
condensation!nU!
(

condom(

condom!nC!

unconditional!neg!
adj!
unconditionally!neg!
adv!
on(condition(that(
(

conducive(

conducive!adj!

conduct!vT!

conduct!nU!formal!

misconduct!nU!

conduct!vT!

conduct!vIT!
conductor!nC!
(

conduct(oneself!v!
formal!
(

conduct !!carry!!
electricity,!heat,!etc!

cone/conical!

confederation!!see!
@!federal/(
federation(
confer!discuss!/!
conference(
confess(

conference!nC!

condition !!state!

conduct !!carry!out!
conduct !!behaviour!
conduct !!lead!
musicians!
4
conduct !!guide,!lead!
5

!
!
conduction!nU!

cone!nC!

conductor!nC!!bus,!
train,!etc!
conduct!vIT!
conductor!nC!
semi;conductor!nC!
(

confederation!nC!

confer!vI!

confess!vIT!

confession!nC!

press(conference!nC!!
2(
see!also!@!press
confessor!nC!

conical!adj!

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confide!vIT/confide(
in!phr!v!
confidential!adj!

confidentiality!nU!

confidence !!
certainty,!etc!

confidence!nU!!
certainty!

confidence!nU!!trust!
confident!adj!

confidently!adv!

configuration(

configuration!nCU!

confine(

confine!vT!

confinement!nU!

confirm(

confirmation!nU!

conflict(

conflict!nCU!

confirm!vT!!agree!
that!sth!is!true!
confirm!vT!!approve!
(

confined!adj!
confines!n!pl!
unconfirmed!neg!adj!

conflict!vI!

conform(

conform!vI!

conformity!nU!

confront(

confront!vT!

confrontation!nCU!

non;conformist!adj/!
nC!
non;conformity!nU!
confrontational!adj!

confuse(

congratulate(

congratulate!vT!

congregation(

confuse!vT!
confused!adj!
confusing!adj!
confusion!nU!
congratulations!!!
npl/exclam!
(

congregation!nC!

congregate!vIT!

congress!!parliament!

congress!nC!esp!Am!

congressional!adj!

congressman/(
congresswoman!nC!
Am!!see!also!@!
3
2!
man /(woman
conjunction!nC(

conjunction!nCU!

in(conjunction(with(

confidence !!secrecy!

conjunction !!part!of!
speech!
2
conjunction /in(
!

confidence!nC!
in(confidence(
take((sb)(into(ones(
confidence(
self;confidence!nU/!
self;confident!adj!!
see!also!@!self(
configure!vT!

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conjunction((with)(
1
connect !!join,!etc!

A1(

A2(

connection!nC!!joint,!
etc!

connect!vIT!!join!

connect !!relate!

conquer/conquest(

conscience(

conscientious(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

connect!vT!!put!
through!by!phone!
connection!nC!!
electrical,!telephone,!
etc!
connection!nC!!
transport!
connect!vT!
connection!nC!

disconnect!vT!

connected!adj!
disconnected!neg!
adj!
connecting!adj!

conquer!vIT!

conscience!nCU!

conquest!nCU!
conqueror!nC!
(

connected!adj!
unconnected!neg!adj!
in(connection(with(
conquered!adj!
conquering!adj!
in(all/good(
conscience(
on(ones(conscience(
have(a(clear/guilty(
conscience!!see!also!
1
@(clear /guilty!
(

unconscious!neg!adj!

conscious !!aware!

conscious!adj!!aware!

conscious!adj!
consciousness!nU!
(

consecutive(

consensus(

consent(

consent!nU!

conscious !!awake!

conscientious!adj!
conscientiously!adv!
(

unconsciousness!nU!

consecutive!adj!

conscious!adj!!
deliberate!
consciously!adv!!
deliberately!
unconscious!neg!adj!
unconsciously!neg!adv!
(

self;conscious/(
consciousness!nU!!
see!also!@!self/self;(
subconscious!nU/adj!
subconsciously!adv!
!
consecutively!adv!

consensus!nU!

consent!vI!

consensual!adj!
by(common(consent!!

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see!also!@!common
(

1(

consequence(

consequence!nC!

consequently!adv!

consequent!adj!formal!

conservation(

conservation!nU!

conservative(

conservative!adj!!
traditional!
consideration!nU!
formal!

conservative!nC!

conserve!vT!
conservationist!nC!
conservatism!nU!

considering!prep/!
conj!

reconsider!vIT!

reconsideration!nCU!
all(things(considered(
in(consideration(of(
take(into(
consideration(
all(things(considered(
inconsiderate!neg!
adj!

consider!vIT!

consider !!give!
attention!to!sbs!
feelings!
considerable(

considerate!adj!

consider!vT!
consideration!nU!

considerable!adj!

considerably!adv!

consist(

consist((of!vI!

inconsiderable!neg!
adj!
(

consistent(

consistent!adj!

consistently!adv!

consistency!nU(

inconsistent!neg!adj!

inconsistency!nCU!

consolidate(

consolidate!vT!

consolidation!nU!

consonant(

consonant!nC!

consortium(

consortium!nC!

conspicuous(

conspicuous!adj!

conspiracy/conspire(

conspiracy!nC!

constable(

constable!nC!

conspicuously!adv!
inconspicuous!neg!
adj!
inconspicuously!neg!
adv!
conspire!vI!
conspirator!nC!
constabulary!nU!

consider !!think/(
considering(

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constant(

constant!adj!

constantly!adv!

constant!nC!

constituency(

constituent!nC!

constitute(

constituency!nC!esp!
Brit!
constitute!vT!formal!

constituent!nC(

constituent!adj!

constitution(

constitutional!adj!

constitution!nC!

constrain(

constrain!vT!formal!
constraint!nC!

construct(

construction!nU!

reconstruction!nU!

reconstruct!vT!

constructive(

construct!vT!
construction!nC!
(

unconstitutional!neg!
adj!
constrained!adj!
unconstrained!neg!
adj!
(

constructive!adj!

consul(

consult(

consumer!nC!

consultancy!nC!
consultative!adj!
consulting!adj!
(

consume(
contact(

contact!nCU!

contact!vT!

consul!nC!
consulate!nC!
consult!vT!
consultant!nC!
consultation!nCU!
consume!vT!
consumption!nU!
(

contain!!see!also!@!
1
content /contents(
contaminate(

contain!vT!

container!nC!!
general:!box,!etc!
(

self;contained(adj!!
see!also!@!self/self;(
uncontaminated!neg!
adj!

contemplate(

contemplate!vT!

container!nC!!for!
transportation!
contaminate!vT!
contaminated!adj!
contamination!nU!
contemplation!nU!

contemporary(

contemporary!adj!!at! (
the!same!time!

contemporary!adj!!
modern!
contemporary!nC!

contemporaneous!
adj!formal!
contemporaneously!
adv!formal!

constructively!adv!
unconstructive!neg!
adj!
consular!adj!

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contempt(

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contempt!nU!

contend!vT!formal!

content /contents!!
see!also!@!contain(
2
content !!satisfied!

content!nCU!
contents!n!pl!
(

contention!nC!formal!
contentious!adj!
contender!nC!
contention!nU!
!

content!adj!

contented!adj!
discontent!nU!

contest(

contest!nC!

contest!vT!

contestant!nC!

context(

context!nCU!

contextual!adj!

continent(

continent!nC!

contingency(

the(continent!n!sing!!
Europe!
continental!adj!
(

continue(

continue!vIT!

continuous!adj!

continued!adj!
continuing!adj!

contour(

continually!adv!
continuation!nCU!
continuity!nU!
continuously!adv!
(

contingency!nC!
contingent!adj!
continual!adj!
continuum!nC!

contraception!!see!

contend !!claim!
contend !!compete!

X(

contemptible!adj!
contemptuous!adj!
contemptuously!adv!
(
contend!vI!
table(of(contents!nC!!
2(
see!also!@!table
contentment!nU!
content!vT!
contentedly!adv!
discontented!neg!adj!
to(ones(hearts(
content!!see!also!@!
1(
heart
incontestable!neg!
adj!
contextualize!vT!!
contextualization!nU!
contextually!adj!
in/out(of(context(
continental(
breakfast!nC!!see!
also!@!breakfast(
(
discontinue!vT!

contour!nC!

contraception!nU!

contraceptive!nC!

123!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

also!@!conceive /(
conception(
1
contract !!legal!
agreement!
2
contract !!get!
smaller!
contradict(

X(

contraceptive!adj(
contract!nC!

contractor!nC!

contractual!adj!

contract!vT!

contract!vI!

contraction!nC!

contracting!adj!

contradiction!nCU!

contradict!vT!
contradictory!adj!

contrary(

contrary!adj!

the(contrary!n!sing!

contrast(

contrast!nCU!

contrast!vI!

contribute(

contributor!nC!

contributory!adj!

control(

control!nCU!
control!vT!

contribute!vT!
contribution!nC!
(

self;contradicting!
adj!
self;contradiction!
nCU!!see!also!@!self(
on(the(contrary!
exclam!
to(the(contrary(
contrasting!adj!
by/in(contrast(
in(contrast(to/with(
(

controlled!adj!
controller!nC!

uncontrolled!neg!adj!

birth(control!nU!!see!
also!@!birth(
border(control!nU!!
see!also!@!border(
control(room!nC!!see!
1
also!@!room (
control(tower!nC!!
see!also!@!tower(
passport(control!nU!!
see!also!@!passport(
remote(control!nCU!!
see!also!@!remote(
self;control!nU!!see!
also!@!self(
uncontrollable!neg!
adj!

124!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

uncontrollably!neg!
adv!
in/under(control(
out(of(control(
controversially!asdv!
uncontroversial!neg!
adj!
uncontroversially!
neg!adv!
(

controversy(

controversy!nCU!
controversial!adj!

convene!!see!also!@!
2(
convention

convenience(

convenient!adj!

convenience!nU!

convene!vIT!
convention!nC!!
conference!
conveniently!adv!
inconvenience!nU!
inconvenient!adj!

convent(

convent!nC!

convention!nCU!
conventional!adj(

convention!nCU!
conventional!adj(

convention !!
conference;!!see!also!
@!convene(
converge(

convention!nC!

conversation(

conversation!nC!

conversely(

conversely!adv!

converge!vI!
convergence!nCU!
conversational!adj!
converse!vI!
(

convert(

convert!vIT!!change!

conversion!nCU!

convert!vT!!change!
religion!

convention !!
tradition!

inconveniently!adv!
convenience!nC!!
lavatory!
public(convenience!
nC!!see!also!@!public(
(
unconventional!neg!
adj!
conventionally!adv!
unconventionally!
neg!adv!
!

(
converse!n!sing!

125!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

convey(

convey!vT!

convict/conviction(

conviction!nCU!

convict!vT!

convince!

convinced!adj!

convincing!adj!

convincingly!adj!

cook(

cook!vIT!

cooking(oil!nC!!see!
also!@!oil(

conviction!nCU!!
strong!belief!
convince!vT!
cook!nC!
cooker!nC!
cookery(book!nC!
Brit/(cookbook!nC!
Am!!see!also!@!
1(
book

cooking!nU!

cooked!adj!
cookery!nU!

cookie!!see!also!@!
biscuit(
cool(

cookie!nC!esp!Am!

cool!adj!opp.!warm!

cool!vIT!

coolly!adv!

cooperate(

cooperation!bU!

cooperate!vI!
cooperative!adj!

X(

convert!nC!
converter/convertor!
nC!
convertible!adj!
convertible!nC!!soft!
top!car!
conveyance!nC!
convicted!adj!
convict!nC!
unconvincing!neg!adj!
unconvincingly!neg!
adv!
overcooked!adj!
uncooked!neg!adj!
undercooked!adj!
cook(up!phr!v!
pressure(cooker!nC!!
1
see!also!@!press /(
pressure(
(
cool!adj!!emotionally!
cool,!calm!
cool!adj!!fun,!
fashionable!
coolant!nCU!
cooler!nC!
cooling!adj!
coolness!nU!
coolbox!nC!Brit!!see!
1(
also!@!box
cooperative!nC!
uncooperative!neg!

126!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

coordinate!vT!

coordination!nU!
coordinator!nC!

cop/copper !!police!

cope/cope(with(

copper !!metal!

cop/copper!nC!
informal!
cope!vI!
cope(with!phr!v!
(

adj!
coordinate!nC!
uncoordinated!neg!
adj!
(

copper!nU!

copper !!coin!

copper!nC!Brit!usu!pl!

copper!adj!!
composition;!colour!
(

copy(

copy!nC!!duplicate!
copy!vT!

copy!nC!!fake!

copycat!nC!!see!also!
@!cat(

copyright(

copy!nC!!book,!
paper,!etc!
copier!nC!
photocopy!vT!
photocopy!nC!
photocopier!nC!
photocopied!adj!
(

copyright!nCU!

copyright!vT!

coral(

coral!nCU!

cord!!thin!rope!

cord!nCU!

core(

core!nC!!fruit(

cork(

core!nC!!centre,!most! (
important!part!of!sth!
core!adj(
!
(

coral(reef!nC!!see!
also!@!reef(
ripcord!nC!!see!also!
@!rip(
to(the(core(

corn!!grain!

corn!nU!

coordinate(

cork!nC!
cork!nU!
cork!vT!
(

corkscrew!nC!!see!
also!@!screw(
cornflake!nC!!see!
also!@!flake(
peppercorn!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!pepper

127!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

corner(

corner!nC!

corner!vIT!

corporation(

corporate!adj!

corporation!nC!

popcorn!nU!!see!also!
4
@!pop (
sweetcorn!nU!Brit!!
1(
see!also!@!sweet
cornerstone!nC!!see!
also!@!stone(
around/round(the(
corner(
be(in(a(tight(corner(
cut(corners(
turn(the(corner(
(

corps(

corps!nC!

corpse(

corpse!nC!

correct(

correct!adj!

correct!vT!!rectify!
correctly!adv!

correction!nC!!act,!
instance!of!
correcting!
correlate!vIT!formal!

correlate(

correct!vT!!grade!
academic!work!
incorrect!neg!adj!
(

correspond !!match,!
be!alike!
2
correspond !!write!
letters!

correspondence!nC!
correspondingly!adv!
(

corridor(

correspond!vI!formal!
correspondent!nC!!
reporter!
corridor!nC!

correspond!vI!
corresponding!adj!
correspondence!nU!
(

correctness!nU!
corrective!adj!
incorrectly!neg!adv!
correlated!adj!
uncorrelated!neg!adj!
(

corrupt(

corruption!nU!

corrupt!adj!

cos/cos!!see!also!@!
because(
cosmetic(

cos/cos!conj/prep!
informal!
(

corrupt!vT!
incorruptible!neg!adj!
(

cosmetic!adj!

cosmetics!n!pl!

cosmos(

cosmic!adj!

cosmos!nU!
cosmonaut!nC!

correlation!nC!

128!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

cost(

cost!nCU!
cost!vT!

costly!adj!formal!

costs!n!pl!

costume(

costume!nCU!

cosy/cozy(

cosy!adj!esp!Brit/cozy!
adj!esp!Am!

cot(

cot!nC!

cottage(

cottage!nC!

cotton(

cotton!nU!

couch!!sofa!

couch!nC!

cottage(industry!nC!!
see!also!@!industry(
cottonwool!nU!Brit!!
see!also!@!wool(
(

cough(

coughing!nU!

could!!see!also!@!
can(
council(

could!modal!!past!of!
can(
(

cough!vIT!
(
cough!nC!
could!modal!!request! could!modal!!
suggestion!
council!nC!
councillor!nC!
council(house!nC!Brit!!
1(
see!also!@!house
(
(

could!modal!!
possibility!
(

counsel!vI!
counsel!nU!
counselling!nU!Brit/!
counseling!nU!Am!
counsellor!nC!Brit/!

keep(ones(counsel(

counsel !!advise!

at(all(costs(
at(the(cost(of(
cost(of(living!nC!usu!
sing!!see!also!@(life/(
living(
bathing(costume!nC!!
see!also!@!beth/(
bathe(
swimming(costume!
nC(!!see!also!@!
swim/swimming(
cosily!adv!Brit/(cozily!
adv!Am!
cosiness!nU!Brit/!
coziness!nU!Am!(
(

129!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

counselor(nC!Am!
(

count !!total!

count!vIT!!numbers!

count!nC!!adding!

count /count(on/(
count(upon!!rely!on!
1
counter !!surface!in!
shop,!etc!
2
counter !!oppose!

counteract!!see!!@!
1(
act
counterpart(

counsel !!lawyer!
1

C1(

C2(

X(

counsel!nC!
counselor!nC!esp!Am!
(

countless!neg!adj!

count(on!phr!v!

counter!nC!
countable!adj!
uncountable!neg!adj!
countable/(
uncountable((noun(
nC!!see!also!@!noun(
count(against!phr!v!!
be!to!ones!
disadvantage!
count(down!phr!v!!
towards!zero!
countdown!nC!
count(in(phr!v!!
include!
count(out!phr!v!!
count!aloud!
count(sb(out!phr!v!!
exclude!
count(up!phr!v!!total!
sperm;count!nC!!see!
also!@!sperm(
(

counter!nC!

counter!vIT!

counterpart!nC!

over(the(counter(
under(the(counter(
counter!adj/adv!
counteract!vT!
counteraction!nCU!
(

130!

headword(
1

country !!nation!

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

county(

country!nU!
country!adj!
countryside!nU!
county!nC!

coup(

coup!nC!

couple(

couple!vT!

a(couple((of)!n!sing!
informal!!two,!a!few(
(

coupon(

couple!nC!
!
(

coupon!nC!

courage(

courageously!adv!

courage!nU!
courageous!adj!
(

discourage!vT!

encourage!vT!!urge!
on!
encourage!vT!!give!
confidence!to!sb!
(

encouragement!nU!
giving!confidence!
encouraging!adj!

discouraging!neg!adj!
discouragement!nU!
(

course!nC!

course!nC!

coursebook!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!book
(

course!nC!

of(course!exclam!

in(the(course(of(
in(due(course(
main(course!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!main
(

course!nC!

course !!route,!
direction,!journey!
3
course !!part!of!meal!
course /of(course(
course !!in!sport,!etc!

X(

country !!rural!area!

course !!class!

C2(

country!nC!!nation,!
state!
(

C1(

country!n!sing!!
countrys!population!
(

cross;country!adj(see!
1(
also!@!cross

assault(course!nC!!
see!also!@!assault(
golf(course!nC!!see!
also!@!golf(
obstacle(course!nC!!
see!also!@!obstacle(
race(course!nC!!see!

131!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(
1(

also!@!race
courthouse!nC!esp!
Am!see!also!@!
2!
house
courtroom!nC!esp!
Am!!see!also!@!
1(
room
(

court!nCU!
law(court/court(of(
law!nC!!see!also!@!
1(
law

court !!try!to!gain!
favour!
3
court !!tennis!etc!
ground!
courtesy(

court!vT!

court!nC!

courtesy(!nCU!

courteous!adj!

courtyard!!see!also!
2!
@!yard
cousin(

courtyard!nC!

tennis(court!nC!!see!
also!@!tennis(
courteously!adv!
discourteously(neg!
adv!
discourtesy!nCU!
discourteous!neg!adj!
(

cousin!nC!

cover!vT!!!

cover!nC!!lid,!outside!
of!book,!etc!

uncover!vT!

cover !!news,!etc!

cow(

cow!nC!

cover!vT!
coverage!nU!
(

covering!nU!
covered!adj!
uncovered!neg!adj!
cover(up!phr!v!!place!
cover!over!sth!
cover(up!phr!v!!
conceal!
cover;up!nC!
take(cover(
under(cover(
(

cowboy!nC!!see!also!
@!boy(

court !!legal!building!

cover !place!sth!over!
sth!

sacred(cow!nC!!see!
also!@!sacred(

132!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

coward(

coward!nC!

cozy/cosy(

cozy(adj!esp!Am/!cosy!
adj!esp!Brit!

crab(

crab!nC!

crack!!partial!break!

crack!nC!

crack!vT!

cracked!adj!

cracker!!see!also!@!
biscuit(
cradle(

cracker!nC!esp!Am!

crack(down((on)!phr!
v(
crackdown!nC!
crack(up!phr!v!
crackle!vI!
crackle!nCU!
crackling!nU!
(

cradle!nC!

cradle!vT!

craft!nC!
(

craft!vT!
craftsman!nC!!see!also!
3(
@!man

craft !!boat,!vehicle,!
etc!

aircraft!nC!!see!also!
2
@!air (

hovercraft!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!hover(

cram(

craft!nC!
spacecraft!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!space
(

craftsmanship!nU!
witchcraft!nU!!see!
also!@!witch(
arts(and(crafts!n!pl!!
1(
see!also!@!art
(

cram!vT!

cranberry(

crane!!lifting!
machine!
crap(

crane!nC!

crap!nU!informal!

craft !!skilled!work!

cowardice!nU!
cowardly!adj!
cozily!adv!Am/cosily!
adv!Brit!
coziness!nU!Am/!
cosiness!nU!Brit!
(

cram(in!phr!v!
crammed!adj!
cranberry!nC!!see!
also!@!berry(
(
crap!vI!informal!
crap!adj!informal!

133!

headword(

A1(

A2(

crash(

crate(

crater(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

crap!!exclam!
informal!
crappy!adj!informal!
(

crash(helmet!nC!!see!
also!@!helmet(

crash!nC!!accident,!
collision!
crash!vI!
(

crate!nC!

crate!vT!

crater!nC!

cratered!adj!

crave(

crave!vT!

craving!nC!

crawl(

crawl!vI!!move!on!all!
fours!

crawling!adj!

crazy(

crazy!adj!informal!!
insane!
cream!nU!!thick!milk!
cream!nCU!!semiL
liquid!substance!
ice(cream!nCU!!see!
also!@!ice(

crawl!vI!!move!slowly!
crawl(!nC!!slow!
movement!
(

(
(

creamy!adj!

cream!n!sing!!the!
best!part!of!sth!
cream(off!phr!v!!
remove!best!part!
shaving(cream!nU!!
see!also!@!shave(
creamy!adj!

cream !!colour!

cream!nU/adj!

create/creature(

create!vT!

creation!nCU!

creative!adj!
creature!nC!

creativity!nU!
creator!nC!
recreate!vT!
(

credential(

credential!nC!usu!pl!

procreate!vIT!
procreation!nU!
(

credible(

incredibly!neg!adv!

incredible!neg!adj!

credibly!adv!

credit!nU!

credit(card!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!card

creditor!nC!

credible!adj!
credibility!nU!
credit!vT!

cream !!thick!milk!&!
semiLliquid!
substances!

credit !paying!after!
purchase!
!

creatively!adv!

134!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

creed(

creed!nC!

creek((stream!

creek!nC!

up(the(creek(

creep(

creep!vI!

crest(

crest!nC!

crew(

crew!nC!

cricket!!game!

cricket!nU!

cricketer!nC!

crest!vIT!
crested!adj!
crew(vIT!
crewman!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!man
cricketing!nU!

crime(

crime!nC!
criminal!adj!

criminal!nC!

crisis/critical(

crisis!nC!

critical!adj!

critically!adv!

crisp(

crispy!adj!informal!
potato(crisp!nC!esp!
Brit!!see!also!@!
potato(

criterion/criteria(

criterion!nC!

crisp!adj!
crisp!nC!esp!Brit!!
snack!of!thin!fried!
potatoes!=!chip!nC!
esp!Am!
(

criticism!nU!

critically!adv!

self;critical!adj!
self;criticism!nU!

critic!nC!!sb!who!
criticizes!
criticize!vIT!
(

critic!nC!
criticism!nU!

critique!nC!

literary(critic!nC!
literary(criticism!nU!!
see!also!@!
literarature/literary(

critic /criticize/(
criticism!!negative!
comment!
2
critic /criticism!!
reviewing(

criminally!adv!
criminalize!vT!
incriminate!vT!
crime(scene!nC!!see!
also!@!scene(
crime(wave!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!wave
(

135!

headword(

crooked(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

crooked!adj!!bent!

crop!nC!!!

crook!nC!informal!!
criminal!
crooked!adj!informal!!
criminal!
(

crop!vT!

cropped!adj!

cross!vIT!

crossing!nC!!street,!
railway,!etc!

crossroads!n!pl!!see!
also!@!road(

crossing!nC!!journey!
across!

cross;section!nC!!see!
also!@!section(

cross!vT!!fold!ones!
arms,!legs,!fingers,!
etc!
cross!nC!

cross;country!adj!!
2(
see!also!@!country
cross;sectional!adj!!
see!also!@!section(
level(crossing!nC!Brit!!
2(
see!also!@!level
pedestrian(crossing!
nC!!see!also!@!
pedestrian(
railroad(crossing!nC!
1(
Am!!see!also!@!rail
zebra(crossing!nC!
Brit!!see!also!@!
zebra(
cross(off/out!phr!v!
cross(ones(fingers(

cross!vT!

crop !!plant!
crop !!trim,!cut!short!
1

cross !!move!across,!
intersect!

cross!nC!!symbol!
cross!nC!!ornament,!
structure,!etc!
(

cross !!angry!

cross!adj!

crossly!adv!

crossword/(
crossword(puzzle!!
see!also!@!puzzle(
crouch(

crossword!nC!
crossword(puzzle!nC!

crouch!vI!

crouch!nC!

crowd(

crowd!nC!

crowd!vIT!
crowded!adj!

overcrowd!vT!
overcrowded!adj!

cross !!symbol!x/+!

cross !!mixture!

136!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

crown(

crown!nC!!royal!
headgear!

crucial(

crucial!adj!

crude(

cruel(

cruel!adj!

cruise(

crumb/crumble(

crunch(

crusade(

C2(

X(

crown!nC!!top!of!sth!!
head,!hill,!etc!
crown!vT!
crucially!adv!

crowned!adj!

crude!adj!!simple!
crude!adj!!unrefined!
crude!adj!!rude,!
pornographic!
cruelty!nU!

crudely!adv!

cruelly!adv!

cruise!vIT!
cruise!nC!

cruiseliner!nC!!see!
also!@!liner(

cruiser!nC!!heavy!
warship!
cruiser!nC!!large!holiday!
ship!
crumb!nC!
crumble!vIT!
crunch!n!usu!sing!

crusade!nC!

crush(

crush!vT!!flatten!

crust(

crusade!vI!
crusader!nC!
crushed!adj!
crushing!adj!
crusty!adj!

crux!n!usu!sing!

breadcrumb!n!usu!pl!!
see!also!@!bread(
crunch!vI!

crust!nCU!

crush!vT!!suppress!
crush!n!usu!sing!
(

cry!vIT!

cry!n!sing!

crying!nU!

cry !!shout!

cry(out((for)!phr!v!
outcry!nC!
a(far(cry(from(

crystal(

cry!nC!!shout!
cry!nC!!bird,!animal,!
etc!noise!
cry!vI!
(

crystal!nC!

crystal!adj!
crystalline!adj!
crystallize!vIT!
crystallized!adj!
crystallization!nU!

cry !!weep!

137!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

cube(

cube!nC!

cubic!adj!

cucumber(

cucumber!nC!

cue(

cue!nC!!reminder!for!
actor!
cue!nC!!signal!

cuff(

cuisine(

cuisine!nCU!

cuff!nC!!sleeve!end!
handcuff!nC!usu!pl!!see!
1(
also!@!hand
cuff!nC!usu!pl!!
handcuffs!
(

cue!vT!
on(cue(
take(ones(cue(from(
sb(
handcuff!vT!!see!also!
1(
@!hand
cuff!vT!!handcuff!
cufflinks!n!pl!!see!
also!@!link(
(

culminate(

cult(

cult!nC!

cultivate(

culture!nCU!
cultural!adj!
cultural!adj!

culture!nU!

culture !!way!of!life!
2

culture !!music,!
literature,!etc!
cumulative!!see!also!
@!accumulate(
cunning(
cup(

culminate!vI!
culmination!nC!usu!sing!
(

cultivate!vT!!farm,!
etc!

cultivation!nU!

culturally!adv!

cultivate!vT!!develop!
sth!
cultivated!adj!
cultivator!nC!
multi;cultural!adj!

cumulative!adj!

cunning!adj!

cup!nC!!drinking!
container!
cup!nC!!content!of!
cup!
cup(of(coffee,(tea,(

cup!nC!!prize,!
competition!for!prize!
cup!

eggcup!nC!!see!also!
@!egg(

coffeecup!nC!!see!
also!@!coffee(
teacup!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!tea

cult!adj!

cultured!adj!
uncultured!neg!adj!
cumulatively!adv!
cunning!nU!
cunningly!adv!
cup!vT!
cup!nC!!cupLshaped!
object!
cupcake!nC!!see!also!
@!cake(

138!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

etc(

X(

cupboard(

cupboard!nC!

cupful!nC!
cup(and(saucer!!see!
also!@!saucer(
(

curator(

curator!nC!

curb!!see!also!@!
kerb(

cure(

cure!nC!
cure!vT!
curious!adj!

curb!vT!
curb!nC!
curb!nC!Am/kerb!nC!Brit!! curbstone!nC!Am/!(
roadside!
kerbstone!nC!Brit/!
see!also!@!stone(
(
cured!adj!

curiosity!nU!

curious !!unusual!

curl(

curl(up!phr!v!
curler!nC!

currency(

currency!nCU!

curl!vIT!
curl!nC!
curly!adj!
(

curious!adj!
curiously!adv!
curiosity!nC!
(

current!adj!

currently!adv!

current !!flow!in!
liquid!
3
current !!flow!of!
electricity!

current!nC!

concurrent!adj!
concurrently!adv!
current(affairs!n!pl!!
see!also!@!affair(
(

current!nC!

curriculum(

curriculum!nC!

curricular!adj!

alternating(current/(
AC!nCU!
direct(current/DC!!
nCU!
extracurricular!adj!

curriculum(vitae/CV!!
see!also!@!resume/(

curriculum(vitae!nC!
Brit!

curious !!inquisitive!

current !!
contemporary!

139!

headword(

rsum(
curry(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

curry!nCU!

curse !!spell!

curtain(

curtain!nC!

curve(

cushion(

custody(
1

C1(

CV!nC!abbrev!Brit!
(

C2(

(
(

curse!vI!
curse!nC!
curse!vI!
curse!nC(
(

curry(house!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!house
(

curve!nC!
curve!vIT!
(

cushion!nC!!small!
pillow!

curved!adj!
curvature!nU!
cushion!nC!!protection!
cushion!vT!

custody!nU!

custom ((!tradition!

customary!adj!

custom!nCU!!
tradition,!habit!
(

curtain!vT!
curtain(off!phr!v!
curvy!adj!informal!
curvaceous!adj!
cushioned!adj!
pin(cushion!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!pin
custodial!adj!
custodian!nC!
(

accustom!vT!

custom !!business/!
customer(
customs!!tax!
department!

customer!nC!

accustomed!adj!
unaccustomed!neg!
adj!
custom!nU!esp!Brit!

cut(

cut!vT!!with!knife,!etc! cut!nC!!opening,!slit,!
cut!vT!!reduce!
injury!
cut!nC!!reduction!!
(
(

customs!n!pl!
customs(officer!nC!!
2!
see!also!@!office
(

cutting!nC!!clipping!
from!newspaper,!etc!

cutter!nC!

uncut!neg!adj!

cut(up!phr!v!!slice!
haircut!nC!!see!also!
@!hair(

cut(across!phr!v!!take!
shortcut!
cut(back!phr!v!!
reduce,!economize!
cutback!nC!!

curse !!swear!

X(

140!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

cutlery(

cutlery!nU!

reduction!
cut(down!phr!v!!
reduce!
cut(in!phr!v!!interrupt!
cut(out!phr!v!!
remove!
cut(out!phr!v!!stop!
doing!sth!
cut(short!phr!v!
short(cut!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!short
cut(up(about(sth!phr!
v!!upset!
(

cute(

cute!adj!

CV!!see!@!
curriculum(vitae,(
2
resume /rsum(
1
cycle !!series!of!
events!
2
cycle !!bicycle;!!see!
also!@!bicycle(

cycle!nC!

curriculum(vitae!nC!
Brit!
CV!nC!abbrev!Brit(
(

cyclic/cyclical!adj!

cyclist!nC!

cycling!nU!

motorcyclist!nC!!see!
also!@!motor(

cylinder(

cycle!vI!
cycle!nC!
motorcycle!nC!!see!
also!@!motor(
(

cylinder!nC!!tube!

cylindrical!adj!

cynic(

cylinder!nC!!engine!
part!
(

cynical!adj!

Dd(

cynic!nC!
cynically!adv!
cynicism!nU!
!

dad/daddy(

dad!nC!informal!
daddy!nC!informal!

sugar(daddy!nC!!see!
also!@!sugar(

141!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

daft(

granddad/grandad!
nC!informal!!see!also!
2!
@!grand
(

daily!!see!also!@!day(

daily!adj/adv!

dairy(

dam(

damage(

damage!nU!
damage!vT!

dam!nC!
dam!vT!
(

dairy!adj!
dairy!nC!
(

daily!nC!!daily!
newspaper!
(

damn(

damn/damned!adj/!
adv!!cursed!
damn!!!exclam!

damn!vT!

damp(

damp!adj!

dance(

dance!vIT!
dance!nC!!particular!
dance!nU!!general!
dance!nC!!event!

dancer!nC!

dancing!nU!

danger(

in(danger(

dangle(

danger!nCU!
dangerous!adj!
(

endanger!vT!
endangered!adj!
(

ballroom(dancing!nU!!
2
1
see!also!@!ball /(room (
ballet(dancing!nU!!!
ballet(dancer!nC!!see!
also!@!ballet(
dangerously!adv!

damaged!adj!
damaging!adj!
damages!n!pl!!legal!
compensation!
undamaged!neg!adj!
damnation!nU!
goddamn!!!exclam!
damn/damned!adj!
informal!!very!
damp!nU!
dampness!nU!
damp/dampen!vT!!
make!sth!damp!
damp/dampen!vT!!
discourage!
(

daft!adj!informal(

dangle!vIT!

in(danger(of(
out(of(danger(
(

142!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

dare(

dare!vI!

dark(

dark!adj!!not!light!
dark!adj!!colour!

dark/the(dark!nU!
darkness!nU!

darken!vIT!

darling(

X(

darling!nC(

dare!nC!
daring!nU!
daring!adj!
daredevil!nC/adj!!see!
also!@!devil(
darkly!adv!
in(the(dark!!not!
knowing!
before/after(dark(
darling!adj(

dart!vI!

dart!nC!

dash !!punctuation!

dash!nC!

dash!vI!
dash!nC!
(

darts!n!sing!!board!
game!
dash(off!phr!v!

data(

data!n!pl!

database!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!base
date!vT!!write!date!
out;of;date!adj!
up;to;date!adj!

date!vT!!assign!age!
update!vT!!
modernize!
update!vT!!inform!of!
new!developments!
update!nC!

!
!

date!vIT!
date!nC!!social!
meeting!

date!nC!!sb!one!goes!
out!with!
dating!nU!

data;processing!nU!!
1(
see!also!@!process
dated!adj!!outLofL
date!
updated!adj!
backdate!vT!
outdated!adj!
predate!vT!
postdate!vT!
date(back(to/from(
date(of(birth!n!sing!!
see!also!@!birth(
date(rape!nCU!!see!
also!@!rape(
dating(agency!nC!!
see!also!@!agent/(
agency(

dart !!move!quickly!
dart !!weapon;!for!
board!game!
1
dash !!run,!hurry!
2

date !!day/month!etc! date!nC!!day/month/!

year,!etc!
date!nC!!particular!
date!

date !!to!go!out!with!
sb!

143!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

foster(daughter!nC!!
see!also!@!foster(
goddaughter!nC!!see!
also!@!god(
daunt!vT!
dauntless!neg!adj!
undaunted!neg!adj!
dawn!vI!!get!light!
from(dawn(to/till(
dusk!!see!also!@!
dusk(
(

daughter(

daughter!nC!

granddaughter!nC!!
2!
see!also!@!grand

daunt(

daughter;in;law!nC!!see!
also!@!in;law(
great;granddaughter!
2!
nC!!see!also!@!great
daunting!adj!

dawn!nCU!

dawn !!realize!

dawn/dawn(on(sb!phr!v!

day!!see!also!@!
today(

day!nC!!24!hours!
day!nC!!opp.!night!
day!nC!!working!day!

daily!adj/adv!
midday!n!sing!
nowadays!adv!

birthday!nC!!see!also! (
@!birth(
weekday!nC!!see!also!
@!week(

daylight!nU!!see!also!
1!
@!light
daytime!nU!!see!also!
1!
@!time

the(day(after(
tomorrow(
the(day(before(
yesterday(
(
(

dawn !!sunrise!

daily!nC!!daily!
newspaper!
daybreak/break(of(
day!n!sing!!see!also!
2(
@!break
market(day!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!market
day(after(day(
day(and(night/night(
and(day(
day(by(day(
day(in,(day(out(
day(off(
day;to;day(
by(day(
one(day(
the(other(day(
these(days(
(in)(those(days(
in(sbs(day(
one/some(day(

144!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

dead !!not!alive;!!see!
also!@!death,(die(
2
dead !!completely!

dead!adj!
death!nCU!
(

deadly!adj!

the(dead!nU!

dead!adv!informal!

deadline(

deadline!nC!

deaf(

deaf!adj!
deafen!vT!

deal!vT!
deal(in(phr!v!
(

dealing!nU!

deal/deal(with!phr!v!

deal!nC!
dealer!nC!
(

deal!vIT!
dealer!nC!
(

deal !!in!card!game!
deal !!buy!and!sell!

X(

someday!adv!
to(the(day(
call(it(a(day(
carry(the(day(
(
deadly!adv!informal!
dead(end!nC!!see!
also!@!end(
the(dead(of(night!!
see!also!@!night(
deadlock!nU!
deadlocked!adj!!see!
also!@!lock(
(
the(deaf!nU!
deafness!nU!
deafening!adj!
turn(a(deaf(ear!!see!
1!
also!@!ear
(

deal!nC!

drug(dealer!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!drug
raw(deal!nC!!see!also!
@!raw(
(

deal !!amount!

dean(

deal/a(good(deal/a(
great(deal(
(

dear!adj!
Dear(!!salutation!in!

dean!nC!!university!
officer!
(

dearly!adv!

endear!vT!
endearing!adj!

deal !!solve!a!
problem!
4
deal !!agreement!

dear !!beloved!
!

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A1(

A2(

letter,!etc!
dear!nC!spoken!!
addressing!sb!
(

dear !!expensive!

death!!see!also!@!
die,(dead(

dear /oh(dear!(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

endearment!nU!

dear!adj!

dear/oh(dear!!!
exclam!
(

dearly!adv!

death!nCU!

debate(

debate!nCU!

debate!vIT!

debris(

debris!nU!

deathly!adv!
put(to(death(
deathbed!n!usu!sing!!
1(
see!also!@!bed
death(certificate!nC!!
see!also!@!
certificate(
debatable!adj!
debatably!adv!
(

debt(

debt!nC!

in(debt(

debtor!nC!

debut(

debut!nC!

in(sbs(debt(
indebted!adj!
debut!vI!

decade(

decade!nC!

decay(

decay!vIT!

decay!nU!

decaying!adj!

deceased(

deceive/deception(

deceased!adj!
the(deceased!n!sing!
deceive!vT!
deception!nCU!
deceptive!adj!

decent(

decent!adj!

decency!nU!

decide/decision(

decide!vIT!!make!a!
decision!

decision;making!nU!
decision;maker!nC!

decisively!adv!
decidedly!adv!

deceptively!adv!
deceit!nU!
deceitful!adj!
deceitfully!adv!
indecent!neg!adj!
indecently!neg!adv!
indecency!nU!
decide!vT!!settle!a!
disagreement,!

146!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

decision!nC!

C1(

C2(

decisive!adj!

X(

argument,!
competition,!etc!
decide(on/upon!phr!
v!
make/come(to(a(
decision(
undecided!neg!adj!
indecision!nU!
indecisive!neg!adj!
(

decimal(

deck!

deck!nC!!floor!on!
ship!

decimal!nC!
decimal!adj!
decimal(point!nC!!
6(
see!also!@!point
(

declare(

declare!vT!!announce! declaration!nCU!

decline!vI!
decline!nCU!
(

deck(!vT!informal!
knock!sb!to!floor!
deckchair!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!chair
deckhand!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!hand
declare!vT!!at!
customs!
declining!adj!

decline!vIT!

decorative!adj!
decorator!nC!
decorated!adj!

decor(nCU!
decoratively!adv!
decorating!nU!
redecorate!vT!

decrease(

decorate!vT!!adorn!
decorate!vIT!!paint,!
wallpaper,!etc!
decoration!nCU!!
adornment!
decoration!nU!!
refurbishment!
decrease!vI!

decrease!nCU!

decreasing!adj!
decreasingly!adv!

decline !!reduce!
decline !!refuse!
decorate

147!

headword(

decree(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

decree!nC!

dedicate !!be!
commiteed!to!
2
dedicate !!in!
memory!
deduct(

dedicate!vT!

dedicate!vT!

dedicated!adj!
dedication!nU!
dedication!nC!

deed(

deem(

deep!adv!
depth!nCU!literally(
(

deep !!a!long!way!
deep!adj!
down/depth(
2
deep !!feelings,!
(
thoughts,!etc!
3
deep !!sound,!colour,! (
etc!

(
deductible!adj!

deed!nC!

deem!vT!formal!

deeply!adv!

deep!adj!

deepen!vT!
depth!nC!!figuratively!
(

deep!adj!

defame(vT!formal(
defamation(nU(
defamatory(adj(
default!vI!
defaulter!nC!
defeated!adj!
undefeated!neg!adj!
(

deep !!serious!

deer(

deer!nC!

deepen!vI!
depth!nCU!
(

defame!!see!also!@!
fame/famous(

default(

default!nC!

defeat(

defect(

defeat!nC!
defeat!vT!
(

defect!nC!!
!

defective!adj!

decree!vT!
decree(nisi!nC!Brit!
decree(absolute!nC!
Brit!!see!also!@!
absolute(
(

deduct!vT!
deduction!nC!
(

deep!adj!!intense!
(colour)!
deep!adj!low!(sound)!
(

X(

misdeed!nC!

deep(down(

148!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

defend/defence/(
defense(

defence!nCU!Brit/(
defense!nCU!Am!

defend!vT!

defendant!nC!
defensive!adj!
!

defender!nC!

defer(

defer!vIT!

deficiency(

deficiency!nCU!

defenceless(!adj!Brit/(
defenseless!adj!Am!
defending!adj!
defensive!nU/on(the(
defensive(
defensively!adv!
defensible!adj!
indefensible!neg!adj!
self;defence!nU!Brit/(
self;defense!nU!Am!!
see!also!@!self(
deferment!nCU!
deferral!nCU!
deficient!adj!

deficit(

deficit!nC!

define(

define!vT!

definition!nC!

redefinition!nCU(

definite(

definitely!adv!

definite!adj!

definitive!adj!
redefine!vT!
(

defy(

defy!vT!

degradation!!see!
1!
also!@!grade
1
degree !!amount!

degree!nC!

defiance!nU!
defiant!adj!
defiantly!adv!
degradation!nC!
degrade!vT!
(

degree !!unit!of!
degree!nC!
temperature!
3
degree !!qualification! (

by(degrees(
to(some(degree(
(

degree!nC!

definite(article!nC!!
3!
see!also!@!article
indefinite!neg!adj!
indefinite(article!nC!!
3!
see!also!@!article
in(defiance(of(

degrading!adj!

149!

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A1(

A2(

delay(

delegate(

delete(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

without(delay(
delaying(tactics!npl!!
see!also!@!tactic(

delay!nCU!
delay!vIT!usu!pass!!
happen!later!
delay!vT!!cause!delay!
delay!vI!!hesitate!
delayed!adj!
(

delegate!nC!

delegation!nC!

delete!vT!

deletion!nC!

deleted!adj!

deliberate!!on!
purpose!
delicate(

deliberately!adv!

deliberate!adj!

delicate!adj!!
sensitive!
delicious!adj!

delicacy!nCU!
delicately!adv!
(

indelicate!neg!adj!

delicious(

delicate!adj!!fragile/!
soft!
(

delight(

delightful!adj!

delightfully!adv!
take(delight(in(

deliver(

deliver!vT!!goods,!etc! delivery!nCU!!goods,!
etc!

delight!nCU!
delight!vT!
delighted!adj!
(

demand !!ask!
forcefully!
2
demand !!economics!

demand!vT!
demand!nC!
(

demanding!adj(

demand!nCU!

demise(

demise!nU!

deliver!vIT!!speech,!
etc!
delivery!nCU!!
speech,!etc!
deliver!vT!!baby!
delivery!nCU!!baby!
on(demand(
(
in(demand(
supply(and(demand!
nU!!see!also!@!
supply(
(

democracy(

democracy!nU!!
political!system!
democracy!nC!!

undemocratic!neg!
adj!

Democrat!nC!esp!Am!! democrat!nC!
member!of!
Democratic!Party!

deliciously!adv!

150!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

demographic(

democratic!state!
democratic!adj!
!

demolish/(
demolition(
demon(

demolish!vT!

demolition!nU!

demon!nC!

demonstrate!vT!

demonstration!nCU!

demonize!vT!
demonic!adj!
(

demonstrate !!show,!
explain!
3!
demonstrate !
march/protest!

demonstrate!vT!

demonstration!nCU!

demo!nC!informal!
abbrev!

den(

demonstrate!vI!
demonstration!nC!
demonstrator!nC!
(

den!nC!

denounce/(
denunciation(
dense(

denounce!vT!

denunciation!nCU!

density!nU!

dense!adj!!stupid!

dental/dentist(

dense!adj!!thick!
densely!adv!
dentist!nC!

dental!adj!

dentistry!nU!

deny(

deny!vT!!say!that!sth!
is!untrue!
(

denial!nCU!

departure!nCU!

deny!vT!!refuse,!
prevent!
(

depart!vI!

undeniable!adj!
undeniably!adv!
(

department!nC!

departmental!adj!

fire(department!nC!esp!
1!
Am!!see!also!@!fire
!

depend!vT/it(
depends/that(
depends(
!

department(store!nC!! (
2!
see!also!@!store
!
depending/(
depending(on((

dependability!nU!
dependant!nC!Brit/(
dependent!nC!Am!
(

demonstrate !!prove!

depart!!see!also!@!
2(
part
department(
1

depend /it/that(
depends!
2

depend /depend(
on/upon!!support,!
rely;!!see!also!@!
independent(
!

independent!adj!!

demographic!adj!

demographics!n!pl!

depend!vT!
dependent!adj!
depend(on/upon!phr! dependent(on/upon(
v!
independent!adj!!not! (

dependence/(
dependency!nU!

independent!adj!!

independently!adv(

151!

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A1(

unbiased!

depict!!see!also!@!
picture(
deplore(
deploy(

A2(

C1(

C2(

X(

independence!nU!!
personal!
independence(

depict!vT!

depiction!nCU!

deplore!vT!formal!

deploy!vT!

deployment!nU!

deposit!vT!!make!
down!payment;!pay!
money!into!bank,!etc!

deposit !!layer!

deposit!nC!!down!
payment!
deposit!nC!!amount!
deposited!
deposit!nC!

deposit!vT!

deposit(account!nC!
Brit!!see!also!@!
1
account ;!=!savings!
account!nC!Am!
(

deposition(

deposition!nC!

depot(

depot!nC!

depress!!worry!

depressed!adj!

depressing!adj!

depression!!
economics!
deprive(

depress!vT!
depression!nU!
depression!nC!

depressed!adj!

deprive!vT!

depth!!see!also!@!
deep(

depth!nCU!!literally!

depth!nC!figuratively!
depth!nCU!!seriousness!

deputy!

derive(

deputy!nC!!chief!
assistant!
deputy!adj!
(

deprived!adj!
deprivation!nCU!
deprive(sb(of(sth(
in(depth(
out(of(ones(depth(
plumb(the(depths(
(

derive!vT!

B2(

politically!
independent!
independent!nC!

deposit !!payment!

dependent!
independence!nU!!
political!
independence!
!

B1(

derivative!nC!
derivative!adj!
derivation!nCU!

152!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

descend!vIT(

descent!nCU!

descend !!family!

describe/(
description(

describe!vT!

description!nC!

descend!vI!
descent!nU!
descendant!nC!
(

descriptive!adj!

desert !!dry,!sandy!
area!
2
desert !!abandon!

desert!nC!

descriptively!adv!
indescribable!neg!
adj!
indescribably!neg!
adv!
of(every(description/(
of(all(descriptions(
(

desert!vT!

deserted!adj!

deserve(

deserve!vT!

design(

design!nC!!drawing,!
plan,!!etc!
design!vT!

designer!adj!

designate(

design!nU!!activity,!
profession!
design!nU!!
appearance!
designing!nU!
designer!nC!
(

deserved!adj!
undeserved!neg!adj!
deservedly!adv!
undeservedly!neg!
adv!
deserving!adj!
undeserving!neg!adj!
(

designate!vT!

desire(

desire!nC!!wish!

desire!vT!
desirable!adj!

desire!nU!!lust!
desired!adj!

designated!adj!
designation!nCU!
(

descend !!go!down!

(
desirably!adv!
desirability!nU!
undesirable!neg!adj!

153!

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A1(

A2(

desk(

desk!nC!!office!
furniture!

despair/desperate(

despatch/dispatch(

despite!!see!also!@!
2(
spite
dessert(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

desktop!nC!

desperately!adv!

desk!nC!!counter!
information(desk!nC!!
see!also!@!inform/(
information(
desperate!adj!!filled!
with!despair!
(

desperate!adj!!extreme!
desperation!nU!
(

despite!prep!

despair!nU!
despair!vI!
despatch/dispatch!
vT!
(

in(despair(
despair(of(sb/sth(
despatch/dispatch!n!
sing!
(

dessert!nCU!

destination(

destination!nC!

destined!adj!

destiny(

destiny!nCU!

destined(!adj!

destroy/destruction(

destroy!vT!

destruction!nU!

destructive!adj!

detach(

detail(

detail!nC!

detailed!adj!

detail!vT!

detach!vT!
detached!adj!
detachment!nU(
!

detain/detention(

detect/detective(

detect!vT!
detective!nC!

detain!vT!
detention!nCU!
detection!nU!
detector!nC!

destructively!adv!
destroyed!adj!
destroyer!nC!
indestructible!adj!
soul;destroying!adj!!
see!also!@!soul(
detachment!nC!!
small!group,!esp.!
military(
in(detail(
go(into(detail!
detainee!nC!

deteriorate(

deteriorate!vI!

detectable!adj!
undetectable!neg!adj!
undetected!neg!adj!
private(detective!nC!
deterioration!nU!

154!

headword(

determine(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

determine!vT!!decide! (
determine!vT!!
discover!
(
(

determination!nU!!
will!power!

determined!adj!!
strongLwilled!

deterrence!nU!

detour!!see!also!@!
tour(
detrimental(

deter!vIT!
deterrent!nC!
(

detrimental!adj!

devalue!!see!also!@!
value(
devastate(

devastating!adj!

devastate!vT!

develop!vI!!grow,!
progress!
development!nU!!
change,!growth!

development!nC!!
new!event!
development!nCU!!
making!new!product!

developed!adj!!
economically!
advanced!
developmental!adj!

develop !!build!

develop!vI!!start!to!
happen!
develop!vT!!catch!
illness!
developing!adj!!
developing!
economically!
develop!vT!!build!
property!etc!

redevelop!vT!
redevelopment!nCU!

undeveloped!neg!adj!
!

deviate(

developer!nC!!
builder!
development!nC!!
building!project!
(

device/devise(

device!nC!

devise!vT!

deviate!vI!
deviation!nCU!
(

devil(

devil!nC!
the(devil!n!sing!

devious(

devious!adj!

deviance!nU!
deviant!adj!
leave(sb(to(their(
own(devices(
devilment!nU!
bedevil!vT!
daredevil!nC/adj!!see!
also!@!dare!
deviously!adv!

deter(

develop !!grow,!start!
to!happen!

detour!nC!
detour!vI!
detriment!nU!
detrimentally!adv!
devalue!vIT!
devaluation!nCU!
devastated!adj!
devastation!nU!
undeveloped!neg!adj!
underdeveloped!adj!

155!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

devoid!!see!@!void(

devoid!adj!

devote(

devoted!adj!

devotion!nU!

diabetes(

devote!vT!!spend!
time!or!effort!
(

diabetes!nU!

diagnose(

diagnosis!nCU!

diagonal(

diagnose!vT!!identify!
medical!problem!
(

diabetic!adj!
diabetic!nC!
diagnostic!adj!

devotee!nC!
devote(oneself(to(
(

diagram(

diagram!nC!

dial(

dialect(

dial!vIT!
dial!nC!
(

dialect!nCU!

dialogue/dialog(

diameter(

dialogue!nCU!Brit/(
dialog!nCU!Am!
(

diameter!nCU!

diamond !!cards!!

diamond!nCU!!
gemstone!
diamond!adj/nCU!
shape!
!

diamond!nC!often!pl!

diaper(

diarrhoea/diarrhea(

diary(

diary!nC!

diaper!nC!Am!!!see!also!
@!nappy(
diarrhoea!nU!Brit/!
diarrhea!nU!Am!
(

dice(

dice!nC!

dice!vT!

dictate!vT!

dictate!vIT!
dictation!nCU!

dictator!nC!
dictatorship!nCU!
(

diamond !!gemstone!

dictate !!control,!
order!
2
dictate !!read!aloud!
!

diagonal!adj(
diagnonal!nC!
(

diagnosed!adj!
undiagnosed!neg!adj!
diagonally!adv!
diagrammatic!adj!

(
(

156!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

dictionary(

dictionary!nC!

die/dying!!see!also!
@!death(

die!vI!!opp!live!

dying!adj!
die!vI!!disappear!

diesel(

diet(

diet!vI!

dietary!adj!

differ/different/(
differentiate(

difference!nCU!!opp.!
similarity!
different!adj!

diet!nCU!!normal!
food!intake!
diet!nC!!slimming!
(

diesel!nU!!fuel!
diesel!nC!!vehicle!
(

dying/the(dying!nU!
die(away!phr!v!
die(down!phr!v!
die(for/be(dying(for!
phr!v!
die(off!phr!v!
die(out!phr!v!
die(to/be(dying(to!
phr!v!
(

differ!vI!
differ(from!phr!v!
differently!adv!

differ!vI!!disagree!

difficult(

difficult!adj!!not!easy!

difficulty!nC!

in(difficulties(

difficult!adj!!
unfriendly!

differentiate!vIT!
differentiation!nU!
differential!nC!
(

dig(

dig!vIT!

digest(

digest!vT!

dietician!nC!
on(a(diet(
make(a((big/great)(
difference(
not(make(any(
difference(
tell(the(difference!!
2!
see!also!@!tell
differentiated!adj!
undifferentiated!neg!
adj!
have(difficulty(in(
doing(sth(
with(difficulty(
digging!nU!
digger!nC!
dig(in!phr!v!
dig(out!phr!v!
dig(up!phr!v!
(

157!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

digit(

digestion!nU!
digestive!adj!
indigestion!nU!
digit!nC!

digital(

digital!adj!

dignity(

dignity!nU!
dignified!adj!

dilemma(

dilemma!nC!

dilute(

dilute!vT!

dim(

dim!adj!

dimly!adv!

dimension(

dimension!nC!

diminish(

diminish!vIT!

dine(

dining(room!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!room

dining!nU!

dinner(

dinner!nCU!!meal!
dinner!nC!!official!
reception!

dinner(party!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!party
dinnertime!nU!!see!

dine!vI!formal!
dining!nU!
dining(car!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!car
(

X(

(
digitally!adv!
digitize!vT!
digital(camera!nC!!
see!also!@!camera(
digital(radio!nCU!!see!
also!@!radio(
dignify!vT!
indignity!nCU!
undignified!neg!adj!
beneath(ones(
dignity(
(
diluted!adj!
dilution!nU!
undiluted!adj!
dim!vIT!
dimensional!adj!
three;dimensional!
adj/3D!adj/nU!
abbrev!
dimished!adj!
diminishing!adj!
diner!nC!!person!
dining!
diner!nC!Am!caf
dine out phr v!
dinner(jacket!nC!!see!
also!@!jacket(
dinner(suit!nC!!see!

158!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

dinosaur(

also!@!time
(

dioxide!!see!also!@!
oxygen(
dip(

diploma(

B2(

C1(

C2(

1(

X(
2

dinosaur!nC!

also!@!suit (
(

dioxide!nU!

dip!vIT!

diploma!nC!

dip!nC!informal!!
swim!
dip!nC!!decline,!
hollow!
dip(into!phr!v!
(

diplomat(

diplomatic!adj!
(

diplomat!nC!

diplomacy!nU!

dire(

dire!adj!

direct!adj!!straight,!
nonLstop!
directly!adv!!straight!
directly!adv!!not!
involving!others!
direction!nCU!

direct!adj!!not!
involving!other!
people!

direct(adv(

directly!adv!!
immediately!
indirect!neg!adj!

indirectly!neg!adv(

direct!adj!!blunt,!
forthright!

direct!vT!!aim!

indirectly!neg!adv(

directional!adj!

director!nC!!senior!
manager!
director!nC!!of!play,!
film,!etc!

directive!nC!
directory!nC!
telephone(directory!
nC!!see!also!@!
telephone(

managing(director!nC!!
2!
see!also!@!manage

misdirect!vT!formal!
misdirection!nU!

direct!vT!!show!the!
way!
directions!n!pl!
direct!vT!!control,!
organize!
direct!vIT!!command!
direct!vIT!!play,!film,!
etc!
direction!nU!
directions!n!pl!
dirt!nU!
dirty!adj!

dirty!vT!

direct !!straight,!nonL
stop!

direct !!aim!

direct !!organize,!
control,!instruct!

dirt !!sth!not!clean!

diplomatically!adv!
diplomatic(relations!
n!pl!!see!also!@!
relations!
(

159!

headword(
2

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

dirt !!soil!

dirt!nU!esp.!Am!

disability!!see!also!@!
1
able /ability(
disadvantage!!see!
also!@!advantage(
disagree!!see!also!@!
agree(
disappear!!see!also!
1(
@!appear
disappoint(

disabled!adj!

disability!nCU!

disable!vT!

disadvantage!nCU!

disagree!vI!

disagreement!nCU!

disadvantaged!adj!
disadvantageous!adj!
disagreeable!neg!adj!

disappear!vI!

disappearance!nCU!

disappearing!adj!

disappoint!vIT!

disappointing!adj!

disappointingly!adv!

disapprove!!see!also!
@!approve(
disarm!!see!also!@!
2
arm !!(
disaster(

disappointed!adj!
disappointment!nCU!
(

disapprove!vI!
disapproval!nU!
(

disaster!nCU!

disastrous!adj!

disapproving!adj!
disapprovingly!adv!
disarm!vIT!
disarmament!nU(
disastrously!adv!

disbelief!!see!also!@!
believe/belief(
disc/disk(

disbelief!nU!

disbelieve!vIT!

discus!nC!
DJ!nC!abbrev!=!disc/(
disk(jockey!!see!also!
@!jockey(

discard(

disc!nC!Brit/disk!nC!
Am!!flat!circular!
object!
disk!nC!!for!
recordings,!
computers,!etc!
disc/disk(jockey!nC!!
see!also!@!jockey(
(

discard!vT!

discarded!adj!

discern(

discerning!adj!

discharge(

disciple(

discharge!vT!
discharge!nCU!
(

discern!vT!
discernible!adj!
(

disciple!nC!

discharged!adj!

160!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

discipline(

discipline!nU!

discipline!vT!

disciplinary!adj!

disclose(

disclose!vT!

disclosure!nCU!

disco/discotheque(

discolour/discolor!!
see!also!@!colour/(
color(
discomfort!!see!also!
1(
@!comfort
disconnect!!see!also!
@!connect(
discontent!!see!also!
2
@!(content !
!
discount !price!
reduction!
discourage!!see!also!
@!courage(

disco!nC!
discotheque!nC!
(

discomfort!nCU!

discolour!vIT!Brit/(
discolor!vIT!Am!
discoloration!nU!!
(

disconnect!vT!

disconnected!adj!

discontent!nU!

discontented!adj!

discount!nC!

discount!vT!

discounted!adj!

discourage!vT!

discourse(

discourse!nC!

discouraging!adj!
discouraged!adj!
discouragement!nU!
(

discover(

discover!vT!

discovery!nCU!

discreet/discretion(

discrepancy(

discreet!adj!
discreetly!adv!
discretion!nU!
discrepancy!nC(

discoverer!nC!
undiscovered!neg!
adj!
indiscreet!neg!adj!
indiscreetly!neg!adv!
indiscretion!nU!
(

discrete(

discrete!adj!

discretely!adv(

disciplined!adj!
disciplinarian!nC!
self;discipline!nU!
self;disciplined!adj!!
see!also!@!self(
disclosed!adj!
undisclosed!neg!adj!
(

161!

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discriminate!!treat!
unfairly!
discuss(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

discrimination!nU!

discriminate!vI!!!

discriminatory!adj!

discuss!vT!
discussion!nC!
disease!nCU!

diseased!adj!

disembark!!see!also!
@!embark(
disgrace!!see!also!@!
grace(

disguise(

disguise!vT!

disgrace!nU!
disgrace!vT!
disgraceful!adj!
in(disgrace(
(

disembark!vI!
disembarkation!nC!
disgracefully!adv!

disgust(

dish !!!food!

dish!nC!
(
dishwasher!nC!!see!
also!@!wash/washer(
(
(

disgust!nU!
disgusted!adj!
disgusting!adj!
(

dish!nC!

dishonest!!see!also!
@!honest(
dishonourable/(
dishonorable!!see!
also!@!honour/(
honor(

dishonest!neg!adj!

disillusion!!see!also!

disease(

dish !!container!

disguise!nCU!
disguised!adj!
in(disguise(
disgustingly!adv!
disgust!vT!
dish(out!phr!v!
informal!
side(dish!nC!!see!also!
4(
@!side
dishonestly!neg!adv!
dishonesty!nU!
dishonour!nU!Brit/(
dishonor!nU!Am!
dishonour!vT!Brit/!
dishonor!vT!Am!
dishonourable!neg!
adj!Brit/(
dishonorable!neg!adj!
Am!
disillusion!neg!vT!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

@!illusion(

X(

disillusionment!neg!
nU(
disinfectant!adj!
disinfectant!nCU!
disinfect!vT!
disinherit!vT!

disinfectant!!see!also! (
@!infect(

disinherit!!see!also!
@!inherit(
disintegrate(

2!

DJ!nC!abbrev!=!disk/!
disc(jockey;!!see!also!
@!jockey(

dislike!!see!also!@!
like(
disloyal!!see!also!@!
loyal(
dismal(

disc!nC!Brit/disk!nC!
Am!!flat!circular!
object!
disk!nC!!for!
recordings,!
computers,!etc!
disk/disc(jockey!nC!!
see!also!@!jockey!
dislike!nCU!

disintegrate!vI!
disintegration!nU!
(

dislike!vT!

dismal!adj!

disloyal!neg!adj!
disloyalty!nU!
dismally!adv!

dismantle(

disk /disc(

disk

dismantle!vT!

dismantled!adj!

dismiss!vT!formal!

dismissal!nU!

dismiss!vT!

dismissal!nCU!

dismiss !!reject,!
(
ignore!
disobey/disobedient!! (
see!also!@!obey/(
obedient(
1
disorder !!see!also!@! (
1!
order

dismiss!vT!

dismissive!adj!

disobey!vIT!

disobedient!neg!adj!
disobedience!nU!

disorder!nU!!chaos!

disorder!nU!!civil!
disturbance,!riot!

disorderly(!adj!

dismiss !!send!away!
dismiss !!fire/sack!
3

163!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

disorder !!illness!

disorder!nCU!

disorganized!!see!
also!@!organize/(
organized(

disoriented/(
disorientated!!see!@!
orientation(
dispatch/despatch(

dispense!!!

disperse(

displace!!see!also!@!
2!
place
display(

(
(

displease!!see!also!@! (
2
please /pleasure(
1
dispose !!get!rid!of!
(

C1(

C2(

X(

eating(disorder!nU!!
see!also!@!eat/(
eating(
disorganized!adj!!not!
planned!
disorganized!adj!!not!
good!at!planning!
disorganization!nU!
(

despatch/dispatch!
vT(
(

dispense!vT!

disoriented/(
disorientated!adj!
disorientation!nU!
despatch/dispatch!n!
sing(
dispense(with!phr!v!

disperse!vIT!

dispersal!nU!

dispersed!adj!

display!vT!!exhibit!
display!nC!
(

displace!vT!
displacement!nU!
(

displease!vT!formal!
displeasure!nU!
disposable!adj!

disposition!nC!

on(display(

disposition(

dispose!vT/dispose(
of(
disposal!nU!
(

disproportionate!!
see!also!@!
proportion/(
proportionate!
dispute(

disproportionate!adj!
disproportionately!
adv!

dispute!nCU!

dispute!vT!

disputed!adj!
undisputed!neg!adj!
indisputable!adj!

at(sbs(disposal(

164!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

indisputably!adv!
in(dispute(
disqualification!nCU!

disqualify!!see!also!
(
@!qualify(
disregard!!see!also!@! (
regard(
disrespect!!see!also!
(
@!respect(

disqualify!vT!

disrupt!!see!also!@!
(
rupture(
dissatisfy!!see!also!@! (
satisfy!

disruptive!adj!

disrupt!vT!
disruption!nCU!
(

dissemination(

dissent(

dissatisfy!vT!
dissatisfied!adj!
dissatisfaction!nU!
disseminate!vT!
dissemination!nU!
dissent!nU!

dissertation(

dissertation!nC!

dissent!vI!
dissenter!nC!
(

dissimilar!!see!also!
@!similar(
dissolve!!see!also!@!
2
solution !!

dissimilar!adj!

dissimilarity!nCU!

dissolve!vI!!turn!into!
a!solution,!liquid,!etc!

distance(

distance!nCU!

distant!adj!

long;distance!adj!see!
1(
also!@!long

distaste!!see!also!@!
2!
taste

distinct(

distinct!adj!!different!

distinctive!adj!

distinctly!adv!

dissolve!vT!!legally!
end!marriage,!etc!
dissolution!nU!
distance!vI!
distantly!adv!
at(a(distance(
in(the(distance(
keep(at(a(distance(
distaste!nU!
distasteful!adj!
distastefully!adv(
distinction!nU!!fame,!

disregard!vT!
disregard!nU!
disrespect!nU!
disrespect!vT!esp!Am!
disrespectful!adj!
(
(

165!

headword(

A1(

A2(

distinguish !!become!
respected!

distort(

distract(

distinguish !!
differentiate,!etc!

B1(

distinct!adj!!clearly!
seen/heard,!etc!
distinction!nC!!
difference!
distinguish!vIT!!
differentiate!

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

honour!
indistinct!neg!adj!

distorted!adj!

distracted!adj!

distress(

distinguish(oneself(!
vI!
distinguished!adj!
distort!vT!
distortion!nCU!
distract!vT!
distraction!nCU!
distress!nU!!worry!

distinguish!vIT!!
clearly!see!
indistinguishable!
neg!adj!
(

distribute(

distributor!nC!

redistribution!nU!

district(

district!nC!

distribute!vI!
distribution!nCU!
(

distress!vT!
distressed!adj!
distressing!adj!
distributed!adj!
redistribute!vT!
(

distrust!!see!also!@!
1!
trust

disturb(

disturbance!nC!!
interruption,!
distraction,!riot!

disturbing!adj!!
worrying!

disunity!!see!also!@!
unite/unity(
disused!!see!also!@!

disturb!vT!!disrupt!
disturb!vT!!interrupt,!
waken,!etc!
disturb!v!usu!pass!!
worry!
(

disunity!nU!

disused!neg!adj!

distrust!nU!
distrust!vT!
distrustful!adj!
distrustfully!adv!
disturbed!adj!!
worried,!etc!
undisturbed!neg!adj!

166!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

use/used(
ditch(

ditch!nC!

dive(

diver!nC!

diverse(

diverse!adj!
diversity!nU!

dive!vI!!jump!
headfirst!!
dive!vI!!scuba,!
submarine,!etc!
dive!vI!informal!!
enter!suddenly!
dive!nC!
(

divert(

divert!vT!

diversion!nC!

divide!vT!!separate!
divide!vT!!share!
divide!vT!!mark!
boundary!
division!nC!!part!
division!nU!!act,!
instance!

division!nC!!army!group!
division!nC!!sports!
league!
division!nC!!company!
department!
divisional!adj!
divided!adj!

divide !!calculate!!

divide!vT!

division!nU!

divide(into!phr!v!
divide(up!phr!v!
divide!nC!
divisive!adj!
sub;division!nC!
divided(highway!nC!
Am!!see!also!@!
highway,(dual(
carriageway(
divisible!adj!

dividend(

dividend!nC!

divine(

divine!adj!

divinity!nCU!

divorce(

divorce!nCU!!end!of!
marriage!

divorce!vIT!!end!
marriage!
divorced!adj!

dizzy(

dizzy!adj!

divorce!vIT!!
separate,!dissociate!
divorce!nCU((
separation(
dizziness!nU!

divide !!separate!

ditch!vT!informal!!get!
rid!of,!throw!away!
diving!nU!
diving!adj!
diving(board!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!board

diversify!vIT!
diversification!nU!
biodiversity!nU!
diverted!adj!

167!

headword(

DJ!!see!also!@!
disc/disk,(jockey(
1
do !aux!!!

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

do!aux!!questions/!
negatives!
do!aux!!avoiding!
repetition!
do!aux!!emphasis/!
contrast!
do!vT!!perform,!act!
do!vT!!deal!with!sth!
do!vT!!produce,!
cause!

do!vT!!study!a!
subject!

do!vI!!finish!
done!adj!!finished!
do!vIT!!be!acceptable!
do!vT!!cook!

undo!vT!!unfasten!

do !!phrasal!verbs!

do(with/done(with!
phr!v!!finish!

dock(

dock!nC!

do !!perform,!etc!

X(

DJ!nC!abbrev!=disc/(
disk(jockey(
(

how(do(you(do?!!
greeting!
thatll(do!!be!
sufficient,!
satisfactory!
do(ones(best(
wrongdoing!nU!!see!
also!@!wrong(
outdo!vT!
overdo!vT!
undo!vT!!destroy,!
reverse!
do(away(with(!phr!v!!
abolish,!kill!
do(sb(in!phr!v!!kill!
do(out(of!phr!v!!
deprive!
do(up!phr!v!!fasten!
do(up!phr!v!refurbish!
do(with!phr!v!!need!
to(do(with!!
connected/(sth/(
nothing(to(do(with!
do(without!!phr!v!not!
have!sth!
dock!vIT!

168!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

doctor!nC!

the(doctors/go(to(
the(doctors(

doctor !!academic!
title/PhD!
doctrine(

doctor!nC!

doctrine!nCU!

doctoral!adj!
doctorate!nCU!
(

document/(
documentary(

document!nC!

documentary!adj!

document!vT!
documentation!nU!

documentary!!
factual!TV!
programme!
dodge(

documentary!nC!

dodge!vIT!

dog(

dog!nC!

dog(food!nU!!see!
also!@!food(

doctor !!physician!

X(

docker!nC!
dockyard!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!yard
doctor!vT!
witch;doctor!nC!!see!
also!@!witch(
(
doctrinal!adj!
documented!adj!
undocumented!neg!
adj!
(

dodge!nC!informal!
dodger!nC!informal!
dodgy!adj!informal!
underdog!nC!
guide(dog!nC!!see!
also!@!guide(
lapdog!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!lap
sheepdog!nC!!see!
also!@!sheep(
watchdog!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!watch
dogged!adj!
doggedly!adv!
dog!vT!
dog(collar!nC!!see!
also!@!collar(
doghouse!nC!Am!!

169!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(
1

see!also!@!house (
in(the(doghouse(
on(the(dole(

dole(

doll(

dollar/$(

dollar!nC!

doll!nC!
dolly!nC!informal!
(

dole!nU!Brit!!
unemployment!pay!
(

dolphin(

dolphin!nC!

domain(

domain!nC!

dome!nC!

domed!adj!

domestic !!
household!
2
domestic ((national(

domestic!adj!

domestic!adj!!(

domesticated!adj!
domestically!adv!
(

dominate(

donkey(

dominance!nU!
domination!nU!
donate!vIT!!give!
money,!etc!
donor!nC!!money,!
etc!
donor!nC!!blood,!
organs,!etc!
(

donate/donor(

dominate!vIT!
dominant!adj!
(

donkey!nC!

donate!vT!!blood,!
organs,!etc!
blood(donor!nC!!see!
also!@!blood(
organ(donor!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!organ
(

doom(

doom!vI!

doom!nU!

doomed!adj!

door(

door!nC!

outdoors!adv(

indoors!adv!

indoor!adj!

behind(closed(doors(

outdoor!adj!
out(of(doors(
(

front(door!nC!!see!also!
@!front(
back(door!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!back
doorstep!nC!!see!also!@!
step(

doorbell!nC!!see!also!
@!bell(
doorknob!nC!!see!
also!@!knob(
doorman!nC!!see!
3!
also!@!man

dome(
1

donation!nCU!

doorway!nC!!see!also! next(door!adj!
3!
@!way

170!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

(
dorm/dormitory(

dose(

dose!nC!

dorm!nC!abbrev!
dormitory!nC!!
!
(

dot(

dot!nC!

dot!vT!

double(

double!adj!!with!two!
parts,!etc!
double!adj!!twice!as!
much;!for!two!
people!
double(room!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!room

double!vIT!
double!adv!

double!nC!!sth!twice!
normal!size!

double!nC!!lookalike!

doubly!adv!

doubt!!see!also!@!
dubious(

doubt!nCU!

doubt!vT!
undoubtedly!adv!

doubtful!adj!!
uncertain,!unlikely!

doubtless!adv!

dough(

dough!nC!

down!adv!lower!

downwards!adv!Brit/( (

down !!adv!
!

downward!adj!!see!also!

X(

doormat!nC!!see!also!
@!mat(
dormitory(town!nC!
Brit!!see!also!@!
town,(bed/bedroom(
dose!vT!
dosage!nU!
overdose!nC!
overdose!vI!
dotted!adj!
double(back!phr!v!
double(up!phr!v!
double;breasted!adj!!
see!also!@!breast(
double;check!vIT!!
1!
see!also!@!check
double(chin!nC!!see!
also!@!chin(
double;glazing!nU!!
see!also!@!glass/(
glaze(
doubtfully!adv!
undoubted!neg!adj!
beyond/without(((a)(
doubt(
without(a(shadow(of(
a(doubt!!see!also!@!
shadow(
in(doubt(
no(doubt(
doughnut!nC/(donut!
nC!Am!
(

171!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

position!

B2(

C1(

C2(

down!prep!!lower!
position!
down!prep!!along!
road,!river,!etc!
(

downward!adv!Am!!
2(
see!also!@!ward
(

down!adj!

down !!adj!!not!
working!
5
down !!compounds!

down!adj!

downstairs!adj/adv!!
see!also!@!stair(

downtown!adj/adv!
Am!!see!also!@!town(

downfall!n!sing!!see!
1(
also!@!fall

download!!!see!also!
2
@!load (
dozen(

download!vIT!!(

download!nC!!(

downloadable!adj!

downgrade!vT/nC!!
1(
see!also!@!grade
downhill!adj!!see!
also!@!hill(
downstream!adv!!
1(
see!also!@!stream
(

dozen!number!

dozens!!lots!of!

dr!!see!also!@!
1&2!
doctor
1
draft !!first!version!

dr!abbrev!=!doctor!

draft!nC!

drafting!nCU!

draft!vIT!
draft!adj!
(

draft/draught!nC!

drafty/draughty!adj!

drag !pull,!force!

drag!vT!!pull!sth!

drag(on/out!phr!v!

dragon(

drag!vT!!force!sb!to!
do!sth!
dragon!nC!

draft!nC!
overdraft!nC!
(
(

drain(

drain!vT!!empty!
liquid!

drain!nC!
drainage!nU!

drain!vT!!use/drink!
everything!
drained(!adj!!

down !!prep!

down !!adj!!unhappy!
4

draft /draught!!
current!of!air!
3
draft !!money!
!

@!ward

X(

2(

down!vT!
downed!adj!
!
down(in(the(dumps!!
see!also!@!dump(
(

172!

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A1(

A2(

drama(

drape(

drastic(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

dramatically!adv!

drama!nCU!!play,!
theatre!
dramatic!adj!!
sudden,!surprising!
dramatic!adj!!
relating!to!drama!
(

drape!vT!

draught/draft!nC!

drastic!adj!
drastically!adv!
(

draw!vIT!

drawing!nCU!

draw /draw(up!!draft! (

draught/draft !!
current!of!air!
1
draw !!make!a!
picture!
draw !!attract!
draw !!haul,!move!

4
5

drain(off!phr!v!
brain(drain!nC!!see!
also!@!brain(
drama!nC!!tense!
situation,!excitement!
dramatist!nC!
dramatize!vT!
drama(queen!nC!!see!
also!@!queen(
drapery!nU!
drapes!n!pl!Am;!see!
also!@!curtains(
(
draughty/drafty!adj!
!

draw!vT!

drawing(pin!nC!Brit!=!
thumbtack!nC!Am;!!see!
1!
also!@!pin
(

draw!vI!

draw(up!phr!v!

draw(in/into!phr!v!!
arrive!
draw(on!phr!v!
draw(out!phr!v!!
depart!
draw(up!phr!v!!arrive!
(

(
drawback!nC!

chest(of(drawers!nC!!
2(
see!also!@!chest
(

draw !tie,!equal!
score!
drawer(

drawer!nC!

draw!nC!
draw!vI!
(

drawback(

X(

draw!nC!

173!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

drawing(room!!see!
1(
also!@!room
dread(

drawing(room!nC!

dread!nU!

dreadfully!adv!

dream(

dream!nC!!in!sleep!

dream!vI!!in!sleep!

dread!vT!
dreadful!adj!
dream!nC!!hope,!
ambition!
dream!vIT!!hope,!
wish!

dress!nC!

dress!nU!!clothing!

dressed!adj!
undressed!neg!adj!
get(dressed/(
undressed(

undress!vIT!

dress !!prepare,!
arrange/(dressing(

dressing!nCU!!sauce!

hairdresser!nC!!see!also!
@!hair(

drift(

drift!vI!

drift!nC!

drill!!tool,!bore!

drink!!see!also!@!
drunk(

drink!vIT!!swallow!
liquid!
drink!nC!!any!liquid!
(

drinking!nU!

drinker!nC!

soft(drink!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!soft

drink!vI!!drink!
alcohol!
drink!nCU!!alcohol!
(

drill!nC!
drill!vIT!
(

undreamed/(
undreamt(of(
wouldnt(dream(of(
sth/doing(sth(
dream(up!phr!v!
pipedream!nC!!see!
also!@!pipe((
dressmaking!nU!
dressmaker!nC!
dressing(gown!nC!!
see!also!@!gown(
evening(dress!nU!
fancy(dress!nU!Brit!!
3!
see!also!@!fancy
hairdressing!nU!
window;dressing!nU!!
see!also!@!window(
snowdrift!nC!
driftwood!nU!!see!
2!
also!@!wood
drilling!nU!

dripping!nU!

drive!vIT!
driver!nC!

drive!nC!
driving(licence!nC!
Brit/!drivers(license!

racing(driver!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!race
taxi(driver!nC!!see!

drip!vI!
drip!nC!
driving!nU!

drive;in!adj!
drive;in!nC!esp!Am!
drive(away/off!phr!v!

dress !!frock!
dress !!put!clothes!
on,!wear!

drip(
1

drive !!car,!truck,!etc!

174!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

nC!Am!!see!also!@!
licence/(license(
(

drop!vT!!fall,!let!fall!

drop!vIT!!move!lower! (
drop!nC!!vertical!
distance!
drop!nC!!reduction!

drop!nC!!small!
amount!of!liquid!

drop !!stop!doing!sth!

drop(out!phr!v!!of!
team,!school,!etc!
dropout!nC!

drought(

drop!vT!!stop!doing!
sth!
drop!vT!!not!include!
sb/sth!
(

drought!nCU!

drown(

drown!vIT!

drowning!nCU!

drug!nC!

drug!vT!

drug!nC!

drugstore!nC!Am!!
2!
see!also!@!store
(

drug!vT!

drug(addict!nC!
drug(addiction!nU!!

drive !!force!sb/sth!
to!go!somewhere/do!
sth!

drive !!
determination!
1
drop !!fall,!let!fall!

drop !!small!amount!
of!liquid!

drug !!medicine!
drug !!narcotic,!etc!
!

also!@!taxi(
(

drive!vT!

drive!nU!!!

X(

screwdriver!nC!!see!
also!@!screw(
drive(sb(mad,(crazy,(
etc(
slave(driver!nC!!see!
also!@!slave(
driven!adj!!
determined(
drop(by/in(phr!v!!
visit!
drop(off!phr!v!!take!
sb!somewhere!
drop(off!phr!v!!go!to!
sleep!
droplet!nC!
eyedrop!nC!!see!also!
@!eye(
raindrop!nC!!see!also!
@!rain(
teardrop!nC!!see!also!
2(
@!tear
drop(off!phr!v!!
decline!

175!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

drum(

drum!nC!!instrument!

drummer!nC!

drunk!!see!also!@!
drink(

drunk!adj!

drunken!adj!

dry(

dry!adj!!opp.!wet!
hairdryer!nC!!see!
also!@!hair(

dried!adj!

dual(

dual!adj!

dub!!name!

dub!vT!

dubious!!see!also!@!
doubt(

dubious!adj!

X(

see!also!@!addict/(
addiction(
drug(dealer!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!deal
drum!nC!!container!
drum!vI!
drum(up!phr!v!
drumbeat!nC!!see!
also!@!drum(
eardrum!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!ear
drunk!nC!
drunkard!nC!
drunkenly!adv!
drunkenness!nU!
dry!adj!!wine:!opp.!
sweet!
dryness!nU!
drying!nU!
dryly/drily!adv!
drier/dryer!nC!
the(dry!nU!Brit!
dry(cleaning!nU!!see!
also!@!clean(
dry(out!phr!v!
dry(up!phr!v!
duality!nCU!
dual(carriageway!nC!!
1
see!also!@!carriage ,!
3!
way
(
dubiously!adj!
indubitable!neg!adj!
indubitably!neg!adv!

176!

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duchess!!see!also!@!
duke(
1
duck !!bird!

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

duchess!nC!

duck !!bend!in!order!
to!avoid!sth!
due!!expected!

duck!nC!!bird!
duck!nU!!meat!
(

duck!vIT!

due!adj!

overdue!adj!

in(due(course(

due(to!!because!of!

due(to(

duke!!see!also!@!
duchess(
1
dull !!not!shiny!

duke!nC!

ducal!adj!

dull!adj!

dull !!boring!

dull!adj!

dull!vT!
dullness!nU!
(

duly(

duly!adv!formal!

dumb!adj!informal!

dumb !!mute!

dumb!adj!

dumbstruck!adj!

dump(

dump!vT!!put!down!
dump!vT!!dispose!of!

dump!nC!

durable(

durable!adj!

dumping!nU!
dumper!nC!
dumpster!nC!Am!
down(in(the(dumps(
durability!nU!

duration(

duration!nCU!

during(

during!prep!

dusk(

dusk!ncU!

dust(

dust!nU!
dust!vIT!

dustbin!nC!Brit!!see!
also!@!bin(

dusty!adj!

from(dawn(to/till(
dusk!!see!also!@!
1
dawn (
dusky!adj!
duster!nC!
dustman!nC!Brit!!see!
3(
also!@!man

dumb !!stupid!

177!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

duty!nCU!

duty !!tax!

duty!nCU!

duvet(

duty;free!adj/nC!!see! (
3
also!@!free (
(
(

dustproof!adj!!see!
3(
also!@!proof
sawdust!nU!!see!also!
(
@!saw
dutiful!adj!
dutifully!adv!
on;duty(
off;duty(
do(ones(duty(
(

duvet!nC!

DVD(

dwarf(

DVD!nC!abbrev!=!
digital!video!disc/!
disk;((see!also!@(
digital,(video,(disc/(
disk(
DVD(player!nC!!see!
also!@!play/player(
(

dwarf!nC!

dwell(

dynamic(

dynamic!adj!

dwell!vI!formal!
dwelling!nC!formal!
dynamics!n!pl!

dwarf!adj!
dwarf!vT!
dwell(on(sth!phr!v!

dynamite(

dynamite(nU(

dynamically!adv!
dynamism!nU!
dynamite!vT!

dynasty(

dynasty!nC!

dynastic!adj!

Ee(

each(

each!pron/det!

each(other(!pron!

eager(

eager!adj!

eagerly!adv!

eagerness!nU!
over;eager!adj!

duty !!responsibility!

178!

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eagle(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

over;eagerness!nU!
(

eagle!nC!

ear!nC!

earache!nU!!see!also!
@!ache(

earring!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!ring

earphone!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!phone

ear !!grain!

ear!nC!

eardrum!nC!!see!also!
@!drum(
prick((up)(ones(ears(
turn(a(deaf(ear!!see!
also!@!deaf(
(

earl(

earl!nC!

earldom!nC!

early(

early!adj!
early!adv!

early(on(
at(the(earliest(

earn(

earlier!comp!adj/adv!
earliest!sup!adj/adv!
the(earliest(
earn!vIT!

earnings!n!pl!

earnest(

earnest!adj!

1!

Earth!n!sing!

earthquake!nC!

earthly!adj!

earth !!soil!

earth!nU!

earthenware!!see!
also!@!ware(
ease!!see!also!@!
easy(

earner!nC!
earned!adj!
wage;earner!nC!!see!
also!@!wage/wages(
earnestly!adv!
in(earnest(
who/what/why/(
how(on(earth(?(
unearthly!neg!adj!
bowels(of(the(Earth!
n!pl!!see!also!@!
bowel(
earthy!adj!
unearth!vT!
earthworm!nC!!see!
also!@!worm(
earthenware!nU!

ease!vT!

ease!nU!

uneasy!neg!adj(

ear !!body!part!

Earth !planet!

unease!nU!
uneasily!neg!adv!

179!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

east!!see!also!@!
north,(south,(west(

east!nU!
east!adj/adv!

the(East!n!sing!
eastern!adj!

Easter(

easy!!see!also!@!
ease(

easy!adj!
easily!adv!

eat!!see!also!@!
edible(
eccentric(
!

B2(

C1(

C2(

eastward/eastwards!
adv!

northeast/north;
east!nU/adj!
northeastern!adj!
southeast/south;
east!nU/adj!
southeastern!adj(
Easter!nCU!

easy!adv!

ease!vT!

ease!nU!

uneasy!neg!adj(

eat!vIT!

eating!nU!

eating(disorder!nC!!
2!
see!also!@!disorder

eccentric!adj!
eccentric!nC!

X(

uneasiness!nU!
at(ease(
ill(at(ease!!see!also!
2!
@!ill
ease(into!phr!v!
ease(off/up!phr!v!
with(ease(
easternmost!adj!

Easter(egg!nC!!see!
also!@!egg(
Easter(bunny!nC!!see!
also!@!bunny(
easier(said(than(
done(
take(it/things(easy(
easy;going!adj!
unease!nU!
uneasily!adv!
uneasiness!nU!
at(ease(
ill(at(ease!!see!also!
2!
@!ill
ease(off/up!phr!v!
with(ease(
eat(out!phr!v!
eatable!adj!
eater!nC!
eccentricity!nCU!

180!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

echo(

echo!vT!

echo!nC!

ecology(

economy !!financial!
system!

economy!nC!
economic!adj!

economics!npl!

economist!nC!

ecology!nU!
ecological!adj!
(

economy !!saving;!
financial!prudence!

economy!nCU!
economic!adj!

economy(class!nU!!
2(
see!also!@!class

economical!adj!
economically!adv!

ecstasy(

uneconomical!neg!adj!
uneconomically!neg!
adv!
ecstasy!nCU!

ecologically!adv!
ecologist!nC!
black(economy!n!usu!
sing!!see!also!@!
2(
black
economize!vI!

edge!

edge!nC!

edge!vIT!

ecstatic!adj!
ecstatically!adv!
(

edible(

edible!adj!

inedible!adj!

edit(

editor!nC!

edit!vT!
editorial!adj!

editorial!nC!

educate(

education!nU!

educational!adj!

uneducated!neg!adj!

educationally!adv!

eerie(

edition!nC!!format!of!
book,!etc!
edition!nC!!particular!
version!of!
newspaper,!etc!
edition!nC!!printing!!
st
1 !edition,!etc!
educate!vT!
educated!adj!
educator!nC!
(

eerie!adj!

eerily!adv!

effect!!see!also!@!
affect(

effect!nCU!
effective!adj!

effectively!adv!

effectiveness!nU!

effect!vT!formal!

ineffective!neg!adj!

be(of(no(effect(
bring/carry/put(into(
effect(
come/go(into(effect(
have(an(effect(on(
in(effect!!in!force!
in(effect!!in!other!
words!

181!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

efficacy(

efficacy!nU!

efficient(

efficiently!adv!

inefficient!neg!adj!

effort(

effort!nCU!

efficient!adj!
efficiency!nU!
(

egg(

egg!nC!

eggcup!nC!!see!also!
@!cup(

ego(

ego!nC!

eight(

eight!cardinal!
number!8!

eighth!ordinal!
number!
1
eighth!fraction!! /8!
eighteenth!!ordinal!
number/fraction!
eightieth!ordinal!
number/fraction!

to(no(effect(
to(the(effect(that(
side(effect!nC!!see!
4!
also!@!side
take(effect(
efficacious!adj!
formal!
inefficiency!nCU!
inefficiently!neg!adv!
effortless!neg!adj!
effortlessly!neg!adv!
make(an(effort(
spare(no(effort(
Easter(egg!nC!!see!
also!@!Easter(
scrambled(egg!nCU!!
see!also!@!scramble(
eggplant!nC!esp!Am!
eggshell!nCU!!see!
1(
also!@!shell
egocentric!adj!
egoism!nU!
egoist!nC!
egotism!nU!
egotist!nC!
egotistic!adj!
egotistical!adj!
(

eighteen!cardinal!
number!18!
eighty!cardinal!
number!80!
!

182!

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either!!see!also!@!
neither(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

either((or(

elaborate(

either!pron!
either!adv!
either!conj!
(

elaborate!adj!

elaborate!vIT!

elastic(

elastic!nU!
elastic!adj!

elbow(

elbow!nC!

elder!!see!also!@!old(

eldest!sup!adj!

elder!adj!

elect(

election!nCU!

elderly!adj!
the(elderly!n!pl!
elect!vT!

elaborately!adv!
elaboration!nU!
elasticated!adj!
elasticity!nU!
elastic(band!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!band
elbow!vT!
elbow(grease!nU!!
see!also!@!grease(
elder!nC!

elected!adj!

electoral!adj!
electorate!nU!

re;elect!vT!
re;election!nCU!

electric/electricity(

electricity!nU!
electric!adj!
electrical!adj!

electric(shock!nCU!!
see!also!@!shock(

electrician!nC!

electron(

electron!nC!

!!

elector!nC!
electorally!adv!
by;election!nC!
unelected!neg!adj!
electrically!adv!
electrify(vT!
electrification!nU!
electric(saw!nC!!see!
also!@!saw(
electric(razor/shaver!
nC!!see!also!@!razor,(
shave/shaver(
(

electronic(

electronic!adj!

electronics!nU!

electronically!adj!

elegant(

elegant!adj!

elegance!nU!

element!nC!

elegantly!adv!
inelegant!neg!adj!
inelegantly!neg!adv!
an(element(of(sth(

element !!
component!
!

183!

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2

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

element !!simple!
substance!
elementary(

element!nC!

elementary(adj(

elephant(

elephant!nC!

elephantine!adj!

elevate/elevator(

elevate!vT!

elevation!nU!

eleven(

eleventh!ordinal!
th!
number/fraction!11
(

elicit(

eleven!cardinal!
number!11!
(

elevator!nC!Am!!see!
also!@!lift!nC!Brit!
(
(

elicit!vT!

elicitation!nU!

eligible(

eligible!adj!

eligibility!nU!

ineligible!neg!adj!

eliminate(

elimination!nU!

elite(

eliminate!vT!!remove! (
eliminate!vT!!knock!
out!of!competition!
(
elite!nC!

elongated!!see!also!
@!long(
eloquent(

eloquent!adj!

eloquence!nU!

elite!adj!
elitism!nU!
elitist!adj!
elongate!vIT!
elongated!adj!
eloquently!adv!

else(

else!adv!

elsewhere!adv!

or(else!!!exclam!

email/e;mail!!see!
also!@!mail(

elude(

something/anything(
else(
somewhere/(
anywhere(else(
e;mail/email!nU!!
system!
e;mail/email!nC!!
message!
e;mail/email!vT!
(

elusive!adj!

elude!vT!

emancipate(

emancipation!nU!

emancipate!vT!
emancipated!adj!

184!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

embargo(

embargo!nC!

embark(

embarrass(

embarrass!vT!

embarkation!nU!
disembark!vIT!
disembarkation!nU!
embarrassingly!adv!

embassy!!see!also!@!
ambassador(
embed(

embark!vIT!
(
embark(on/upon!phr!
v!
embarrassed!adj!
(
embarrassing!adj!
embarrassment!nU!
embassy!nC!
(

embed!vT!

embedded!adj!

embody!!(

embody!vT!

disembodied!neg!adj!

embrace(

embrace!vT!

embrace!nC!

embroidery(

embroidery!nU!

embroider!vT!

embryo(

embryo!nC!

emerge(

emerge!vI!

emergency(

emergency!nCU!

emerging!adj!
emergence!nU!
(

embryonic!adj!
in(embryo(
(

emigrate!!see!also!@!
migrate(

emigrate!vI!

emigrant!nC!
emigration!nU!

X(

embargo!vT!

emergency!adj!
emergency(exit!nC!!
see!also!@!exit!
emergency(services!
n!pl!!see!also!@!
2
serve /service(
accident(and(
emergency!!n!usu!
sing!esp!Brit!!see!also!
@!accident(
emergency(room!nC!
usu!sing!esp!Am!!see!
1(
also!@!room
(

185!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

eminent(

eminent!adj!

emit(

emotion(

emotion!nCU!

emotional!adj!

emit!vT!
emission!nC!
(

emotionally!adv!
emotive!adj!

emperor/empress!!
see!also!@!empire,(
imperial(
emphasis(

emperor!nC!
empress!nC!

emphatic!adj!

empire!!see!also!@!
emperor,(imperial(
empirical(

emphasis!nCU!
emphasize!vT!
(

empire!nC!

emperor!nC!
empress!nC!
empirical!adj!

emphatically!adv!
lay/put(emphasis(on(
!

empirically!adv!

employ!vT!
employee!nC!

employer!nC!
employment!nU!

unemployed!adj(

unemployment!nU!

employ !!use!

employ!vT!formal!

be(in(employment(
unemployed/the(
unemployed!nU!
unemployment(
benefit!nU!!see!also!
@!benefit(
(

empower!!see!also!
@!power(

empower!vT!

empty(

emulate(

empty!adj!
empty!vT!
(

empowered!adj!
empowering!adj!
empowerment!nU!
emptiness!nU!

emulate!vT!

emulation!nU!

enable!!see!also!@!
1
able /ability(
enact!!see!also!@!
3(
act

enable!vT!

enabled!adj!

enact(vT!

enactment!nU!

employ !!give!work!
to!sb!

eminently!adv!
eminence!nU!
(
emotionless!adj!
unemotional!neg!adj!
unemotionally!adv!
(

186!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

enamel(

enamel!nU!

encamp!!see!also!@!
camp(
encircle!!see!also!@!
circle(
enclose(

encircle!vT!

encamp!vI!
encampment!nC!
encirclement!nU!

enclosed!adj!

encode!!see!also!@!
2!
code
encompass(

enclose!vT!
enclosure!nC!
(

encode(vT!

encompass!vT!

encounter(

encourage!!see!also!
@!courage,(
discourage(
encyclopaedia/(
encyclopedia(

encourage!vT!!urge!
encourage!vT!!give!
confidence!
(

encounter!nC!
encounter!vT!formal!
encouragement!nU!
encouraging!adj!

encyclopaedia!nC!Brit/(
encyclopedia!nC!Am!

end(

end!nC!!final!point!
end!vIT!
weekend!nC!!see!
also!@!week(

end!nC!!death!

in(the(end(

ending!nC!
endless!neg!adj!

endlessly!neg!adv!

encyclopaedic!adj!
Brit/!encyclopedic!
adj!Am!
end!nC!!purpose!
end(in!phr!v!
end(up!phr!v!
dead(end!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!dead
from(end(to(end(
make((both)(ends(
meet(
no(end(of((
on(end(
tail(end!nC!!see!also!
@!tail(
unending!neg!adj!
bring(to(an(end(
come(to(an(end(

187!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

endanger!!see!also!
@!danger(
1!
endear!!see!@!dear

endeavour/(
endeavor(

endorse(

endure(

enemy(

C2(

X(

put(an(end(to(sth(
to(the(bitter(end!!see!
2(
also!@!bitter
!

endanger!vT!
endangered!adj!
(

endorse!vT!

endeavour!nCU!Brit/!
endeavor!nCU!Am!
endeavour!vI!Brit/(
endeavor!vI!Am!
endorsement!nCU!

endear!vT!
endearing!adj!
endearment!nU!
(

endure!vT!

enemy!nC!

endurance!nU!
enduring!adj!
(

energy!nCU!

energetic!adj!

energy!nU!

energetically!adv!
energize!vT!
solar(energy!nU!!see!
also!@!solar!
energize!vT!

enforce!vT!
enforcement!nU!

engaged!adj!Brit!!
busy!(telephone)!

engage!vT!formal!

energy !!physical!
strength,!liveliness!

energy !!power!!
electricity,!etc!
enforce!!see!also!@!
force(

engage !!use!

engage !!employ!
!

C1(

enforceable!adj!
enforced!adj!
enforcer!nC!
unenforceable!neg!
adj!
engage(in!phr!v!
engaged!adj!!in!use!
engagement!nC!!
appointment!
(

188!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

engagement!!
agreement!to!marry!
engine/engineer(

engaged!adj!

engagement!nC!

engine!nC!!motor!

engineer!nC!!
designer!of!engines!
etc!

engineer!vT!
fire(engine!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!fire

engulf!!see!also!@!
gulf(
enhance(

engine!nC!!
locomotive!
engineer!nC!!engine!
operator,!repairer!
engineering!nU!
(

engagement(ring!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!ring
engineered!adj!
search(engine!nC!!
see!also!@!search(
steam(engine!nC!!see!
also!@!steam(
engulf!vT!

enhance!vT!

enhanced!adj!

enhancement!nCU!

enjoy!!see!also!@!joy( enjoy!vT!

enjoy(oneself(

enlarge!!see!also!@!
large(
enlighten(

enjoyable!adj!
enjoyment!nU!
(

enlarge!vT!

enlist(

enlist!vIT!

enlighten!vT!
enlightenment!nU!
(

enlarged!adj!
enlargement!nCU!
(

enormous(

enormous!adj!

enormously!adv!

enough(

enough!det/pron/!
adv!

enquire/inquire(

enquire/inquire!vIT!

enrage!!see!also!@!
rage(
enrich!!see!also!@!
rich(

enquiry/inquiry!nC!!
enquiry/inquiry!nC!!
question!
investigation(
enquiries/inquiries!n!
pl!
(
(

enrich!vT!
enriched!adj!
enrichment!nU!

enlistment!nCU!
enlisted!adj!
(
fair(enough(
oddly/strangely(
enough((
enoughs(enough!(
sure(enough((
enquire/inquire(
after/(about/into!
phr!v(
enrage!vT!
enraged!adj!
(

189!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

enrol/enroll(

enrol/enroll!vIT!

en(route!!see!also!@!
route(
ensemble(

ensue(

ensure!!see!also!@!
sure(
entail(

C1(

C2(

X(

enrolment/(
enrollment!nCU!
(

en(route!adv!

ensemble!nC!

ensue!vI!

ensuing!adj!

ensure!vT!

entail!vT!

enter!vIT!!building,!
room,!etc!

entry!nCU!!entrance!
entry!nC!!act!of!
entering!

entrance!nC!

entrant!nC!

enter!vT!!input!data!
(

enterprise !!business!

enterprise !!initiative!

enterprise!nC!!
business,!company!
(

enter!vIT!!contest!
enter!vT!join!
profession,!etc!
enter(for!phr!v!
enter(into!phr!v!
entry!nC!!for!contest,!
etc!
entry!nC!!item!of!
information!in!
document!
(
(

enterprise!nU!

enterprising!adj!

entertain(

enthusiastic!adj!

entertainer!nC!
entertaining!adj!
(

enthusiasm(

entertain!vT!
entertainment!nCU!
enthusiasm!nU!

entire(

entitle!!(
entity(

(
(

entire!adj!
entirely!adv!
(
(

enthusiast!nC!
enthusiastically!adv!
enthuse!vI!
(

entitle!vT!
(

(
entity!nC!formal!

entitlement!nCU!
(

(
(

(
(

enter /entrance!!go!
in!

enter !!input!data!

entirety!nU!

190!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

entrepreneur(

entrepreneur!nC!

entrepreneurial!adj!

entrust!!see!also!@!
trust(
envelope(

entrust!vT!

envelope!nC(

envelop!vT!

environment(

environment/the(
environment(!n!sing!
environmental!adj!

environment!nC!

environmentalist!nC!
environmentally!adv!

envisage(

envisage!vT!

environmentalism!
nU!
environmentally;
friendly!adj!!see!also!
@!friend/friendly(
(

envoy(

envoy!nC!

envy(

envy!vT!
envy!nU!

enzyme(

enzyme!nC!

enviable!adj!
envious!adj!
enviously!adv!
unenviable!neg!adj!
(

epidemic(

epidemic!nC!

epidemic!adj!

episode(

episode!nC!!event!

episodic!adj!

equal(

inequality!nCU!

equal!nC!
equal!vT!
equation!nC!

equality!nU!

equation(

equal!adj!
equally!adv!
(

episode!nC!!in!TV!serial,!
etc!
unequal!neg!adj!

equalize!vI!
unequally!neg!adv!
(

equator(

equator!n!sing!

equatorial!adj!

equilibrium(

equilibrium!nCU!

equip(

equipment!nU!

equip!vT!

equipped!adj!

equity!!company!
share!
equivalent(

equity!nC!

equivalent!adj!
equivalent!nC!

equivalence!nU!

191!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

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era(

era!nC!

erase(

erase!vT!

eraser!nC!esp!Am!

erect(

erection!nC!

erode/erosion(

erect!vT!formal!
erect!adj!
(

erosion!nU!

erode!vIT!

eroding!adj!

erotic(

erotic!adj!

eroticism!nU!

error(

error!nCU!

erupt(

erupt!vI!

eruption!nCU!

err!vI!formal!
erroneous!adj!
erroneously!adv!
err(on(the(side(of((
see(the(error(of(
ones(ways(
by/through(trial(and(
error!!see!also!@!
2!
trial
(

escalate(

escalate!vIT!

escalation!nU!

escalator(

escalator!nC!

escape(

escape!vI!!get!free!

escape!nCU!

escape!vT!!avoid!

fire(escape!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!fire

escort(

especially!!see!also!
@!special/specially(
essay(

especially!adv!

escort!vT!
escort!nC!
(

inescapable!neg!adj!
narrow(escape!nC!!
see!also!@!narrow(
(

essay!nC!

essayist!nC!

essence/essential(

essential!adj!

essentially!adv!

essence!nU!

essential!nC!
bare(essentials!n!pl!!
2(
see!also!@!bare
in(essence(

192!

headword(

A1(

A2(

establish!vT!

establish !!become!
accepted!

establish !!start!

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

of(the(essence(
establishment!nC!!
founding!
establishment/the(
establishment!n!sing!!
those!in!control!
(

establishment!nC!
formal!!institution!
(

establish!vT!
established!adj!

estate !!area!

estate!nC!!area!
surrounding!house,!
etc!

estate!nC!Brit!!
housing!estate!

establish!vT!
established!adj!
(

estate !!property,!
esp.!in!sbs!will!
esteem(

estate!nC!

esthetic/aesthetic(

estimate(

estimate!vT!

estimate!nC!

esthetic!adj!Am/!
aesthetic!adj!Brit!
estimated!adj!

esteem!nU!
esteemed!adj!
esteem!vT!
self;esteem!nU!!see!also!
@!self(
(
esthetically!adv!Am/!
aesthetically!adv!Brit!
underestimate!vT!
estimation!nU!
underestimate!nC!
overestimate!vT!
overestimate!nC!

establish !!prove!

housing(estate!nC!
Brit!!see!also!@!
1
house /(housing(
industrial(estate!nC!!
see!also!@!industry/(
industrial(
estate(car(!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!car,(
station(wagon(
estate(agent!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!agent(
real(estate(agent!nC!
Am!!see!also!@!
agent(
(

193!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

etc(

etc!abbrev!

eternal(

eternal!adj!

eternity!nU!

eternally!adv!

ethics(

ethics!n!pl!
ethical!adj!

unethically!neg!adv!

ethnic(

ethnic!adj!

euro/(

evacuate(

euro/Euro/((nC!!
currency!
(

ethnically!adv!
ethnicity!nU!
(

ethic!nCU!
ethically!adv!
unethical!neg!adj!
(

evaluate!!see!also!@!
value(
evangelical(

evaluate!vT!
evaluation!nCU!
(

evacuate!vIT!
evacuation!nCU!
(

euro(zone!n!sing!!see!
also!@!zone(
evacuee!nC!

evangelical!adj!

evaporate!!see!also!
@!vapour/vapor(

evaporate!vIT!

eve!!see!also!@!
evening(
1
even !!adv!!surprise!

eve!nC!

even!adv!

even(if/though(

even!adv!

evaluative!adj!
evaluator!nC!
evangelist!nC!
evangelism!nU!
evaporation!nU!
evaporated(milk!nC!!
see!also!@!milk(
Christmas(Eve(
New(Years(Eve(
even(as(
even(now/then(
even(so(
(

even!adj!

uneven!neg!adj!

even(out!phr!v!

even!adj!
evenly!adv!

uneven!adj!

even!adj!

even!vT!
even(up!phr!v!
unevenly!neg!adv!
break(even!phr!v!!see!
1
also!@!break (
get(even!phr!v!
(

even !!adv!!emphasis!
even !!adj!!flat!
even !!adj!!equal!

even !!adj!!not!odd!
!

194!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

(numbers);!!see!also!
2!
@!odd
evening!!see!also!@!
eve(

evening!nCU!!early!
night!

good(evening!(!!
greeting!!see!also!@!
3!
good

evening!nC!!event!in!
the!evening!

event(

event!nC!!occasion!

event!nC!!race,!etc!

eventual(

eventually!adv!

eventual!adj!

ever !!adv!!at!any!
time;!!see!also!@!
never(
2
ever !!adv!!emphasis!

ever!adv!at!any!time!

forever/for(ever!adv!! ever!adv!!all!the!time!
evermore(

everlasting!adj!!see!
2!
also!@!last

ever(since(
evergreen!adj/nC!

ever!adv!

every(

everybody!pron!
everywhere!adv!
(

everyday!adj!

every(now(and(again(
every(other(
every(so(often(
(

evidence/evident(

every!det!!each!
every!det!!per/!
repeated!
everyone!pron!
everything!pron!
evidence!nU!

evident!adj!

evidently!adv!

evil(

evoke(

evil!adj!
evil!nCU!
(

evoke!vT!

evolve/evolution(

evolve!vIT!
evolution!nU!

evolutionary!adj!

evening(class!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!class
evening(dress!nU!!!
2!
see!also!@!dress
evening(gown!nC!!
see!also!@!gown(
at(all(events(
in(any(event(
in(the(event(
in(the(event(that(
in(the(event(of(
(

in(evidence(
self;evident!adj!!see!
also!@!self(
evilly!adv!
evocative!adj!
evocation!nC!
evolved!adj!
evolving!adj!

195!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

exacerbate(

exacerbate!vT!formal!

exacerbation!nU!

exact!

exactly!adv!

exact!adj!

exaggerate(

exaggerate!vIT!

exaggeration!nCU!

exactness!nU!
inexact!neg!adj!
exaggerated!adj!

exam/examination(

examine!vT!!
scrutinize!

examiner!nC!

final(exam/(
examination!n!C!!see!
also!@!final(

example(

example!nC!!typical!
case!

exam!nC!
examination!nC!!
formal!test!
examination!nCU!!
scrutiny!
examine!vIT!!test!
for(example(

example!nC!!sample!

exemplify!vT!

exasperation(

exasperation!nU!

exemplary!adj!
exemplification!nU!
follow(sbs(example(
make(an(example(of(
sb(
set(an(example(
exasperate!vT!

exceed/excess(

exceed!vT!

excess!nU!

excess!adj!
excessive!adj!

exceedingly!adv!

excel/excellent(

excellent!adj!

except/exception(

except!prep!
except(for(

exception!nCU!

exceptional!adj!

excellence!nU!
excel!vIT!
exceptionally!adv!

excerpt(

excerpt!nC!

excess!!see!also!@!
exceed(

excess!nU!

excess!adj!
excessive!adj(

exchange!!see!also!
1(&(2(
@!change

exchange!nCU!

exchange!vT!!take!
exchange(rate!nC!!
one!thing!for!another! see!also!@!rate(
exchange!vT!!

excessively!adv!
in/to(excess(
in(excess(of(
excellently!adv!
except!vT!
make(an(exception(
take(exception(to(
(
excessively!adv!
in/to(excess(
in(excess(of(
in(exchange((for)(
stock(exchange!nC!!
2(
see!also!@!stock

196!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

exchange!money!
(

excitedly!adv!

excitable!adj!
excitingly!adv!
unexciting!neg!adj!

exclaim!vIT!

exclude!vT!

exclusive!adj!!
expensive!
(

exclusion!nCU!
exclusively!adv!!
excluding!all!others!
(

exclamation!nC!
exclamation(mark!nC!!
2!
see!also!@!mark
(

excursion!nC!

make(an(excuse/(
excuses(for(

excuse !!forgive!

excuse!nC!!reason!
excuse!nC!!false!
reason!
excuse!vT!

execute(

executive(

executive!nC!!
manager!

execute!vT!
execution!nCU!
(

excuse(me!!!attract!
attention!
excuse(me!!!get!out!
of!my!way!
excuse(me!!!when!
leaving!
excuse(me!!!apology!
excuse(me!!!
contradiction!
excuse(me?!esp!Am!!
please!repeat!that!
executioner!nC!

executive!adj!

excite(

exclaim/exclamation( (

excite!vT!
excited!adj!
exciting!adj!
excitement!nU!
(

exclude/exclusion(

exclusive(

excursion(
excuse !!reason!

excluding!prep!
exclusivity!nU!

chief(executive/chief(
executive(officer!nC!!
see!also!@!chief(

197!

headword(

exempt(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

exercise!nU!

exercise!vIT!

exercise!nC!
exercise(book!nC!!
1!
see!also!@!book
(

C1(

C2(

X(

exempt!vT!

exempt!adj!
exemption!nCU!
(

exert!vT!

exhaust !!use!
everything!

exhaust!vT!
exhausted!adj!
(

exhausting!adj!
exhaustion!nU!
exhaust!vT!
exhaust!nCU!!from!
engine!
exhaustive!adj!

exertion!nCU!
exert(oneself(
(

exhibit(

exhibition!nCU!

exhibit!vIT!
exhibit!nC!

exile(

exist(

exist!vI!

exit(

existence!nU!
existing!adj!
(

exile!nU!
exile!nC!!sb!in!exile!
exile!vIT!
(

exit!nC!

exit!vI!

existent!adj!
non;existent!neg!adj!
(

exotic(

exotic!adj!

expand(

expand!vI!

expansion!nU!

exercise !!healthy!
activity!
2
exercise !!practice!

exert(
exhaust !!tire!

exhaust;pipe!nC!!see!
also!@!pipe(
exhaust(the(
possibilities!!see!also!
@!possible/(
possibility(
exhibitor!nC!
exhibitionist!nC!
make(an(exhibition(
of(oneself(
exiled!adj!
in(exile(
come(into(existence(
emergency(exit!nC!!
see!also!@!
emergency(
exotically!adv!
expanded!adj!
expanding!adj!
expansive!adj!

198!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

expanse!!large!area!

expanse!nC!

expand(on/upon!phr!
v!
!

expect(

expect!vT!!believe!
that!sth!will!happen!

expectation!nC!

expectancy!nCU!
unexpectedly!neg!adv!

expectant!adj!
expectantly!adv!

expect!vIT!!believe,!
suppose!
unexpected!neg!adj!
expedition!nC!

expedition(

expected!adj!
expect!vIT!!expect!a!
baby!
(

expel/expulsion(

expel!vIT!

expulsion!nCU!

expenditure!!see!
also!@!expense(
expense/expensive(

expend!vT!

inexpensive!neg!adj!

expensively!adv!
inexpensively!neg!
adv!
at(the(expense(of(

experience(

experienced!adj!

inexperienced!neg!adj!

inexperience!nU!

experiment(

experience!nU!!skill/!
knowledge!acquired!
through!practice!
experience!vT!
(

expense!nC!!money!
spent!
expense!nC!sth!on!
which!money!is!
spent!
expensive!adj!
experience!nC!!past!
events!in!ones!life!

expenditure!nCU!
formal!
(

experiment!nC!

experimental!adj!

experiment!vI!

experimentally!adv!
experimentation!nU!

expert(

expert!nC!

expert!adj!
expertise!nU!

expire(

explain/explanation(

explain!vIT!

explanation!nCU!

expire!vI!
expiry!nU!
explanatory!adj!

experimenter!nC!
make/carry(out(an(
experiment(
expertly!adv!
inexpert!neg!adj!
inexpertly!neg!adv!
expiration!nU!

unexplained!neg!adj!
inexplicable!neg!adj!
inexplicably!neg!adv!
explain(away!phr!v!

199!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

explicit(

explicit!adj!!clear!

explicitly!adv!

explode(

explosive!adj!

explosive!nCU!

explode!vIT!!bomb,!
etc!
explosion!nC!
exploit!vT!!!

explode!vI!!with!
anger!
explosively!adv!
exploitation!nU!

exploit !!treat!
unfairly!
explore(

exploit!vT!

exploitation!nU!

explore!vIT!!
physically!

exploration!nCU!
explorer!nC!

exploratory!adj!

export!!see!also!@!
import(

exporter!nC!

expose(

export!nC!!sth!
exported!
export!nU!!activity!
export!vIT!
expose!vT!
exposure!nU!

exposition(

exposition!nC!

express!vT!

expressive!adj!

expressionless!neg!
adj!
expressed!adj!

expression!nCU!!
expressed!feelings!
expression!nC!!look!
on!ones!face!
expression!nC!!
phrase!
(

express!adj!formal!

expressly!adv!formal!

express !!fast!

exquisite(

express!adj!
express!adv!
express!nC!!fast!train!
(

exquisite!adj!

extend/extension(

extend!vI!!continue!
in!time/space!

extent!nU!

extend!vIT!!increase,!
make!bigger!

extended(adj(

extensively!adv!

express!vT!
expressway!nC!Am!!
3(
see!also!@!way
exquisitely!adv!
exquisiteness!nU!
extension!nC!!extra!
room!

exploit !!use!well!

express !!tell!ones!
feelings,!etc!

express !!clear!

exploitative!adj!
exploiter!nC!
explore!vIT!!
intellectually!
unexplored!neg!adj!
(

expos!nC!
exposed!adj!
unexposed!neg!adj!
expository!adj!

200!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

extension!nCU!
extensive!adj!

X(

external!adj!

exterior!adj!
exterior!nC!
(

extension!nC!!extra!
telephone!
to(some/a(certain(
extent(
by(extension(
(

externally!adv!

extra!adj!

extra!adv!

extra!nC!

extinct!adj!
extinction!nU!
(

extract(

extract!vT!

extraordinary!!see!
also!@!ordinary(
extravagant(

extraordinary!adj!

extreme(

extremely!adv!

extreme!adj!

extreme!nC!

eye(

eye!nC!!body!part!

exterior!!see!also!@!
interior(
external(

extinct(

extra(

extract!nC!!excerpt!
(
extract!nCU!!from!plant,!
etc!
extraction!nCU!
extraordinarily!adv!
(
extravagant!adj!
extravagance!nCU!
(

eye!vT!
black(eye!nC!!see!also!
@!black(

extravagantly!adv!
extremist!nC!
extremist!adj!
extremism!nU!
extremity!nC!
go(to(extremes(
in(the(extreme(
eye!nC!!of!needle,!
storm,!etc!
sharp;eyed!adj!!see!
4!
also!@!sharp
catch(sbs(eye(
cry(ones(eyes(out(
feast(ones(eyes!!see!
also!@!feast(

201!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

eyeball!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!ball

eyesight!nU!!see!also!
1!
@!sight

Ff(

in(sbs(eyes(
keep(your/an(eye(on(
sb/sth(
see(eye(to(eye(
set(eyes(on(sb/sth(
turn(a(blind(eye(to(!!
see!also!@!blind(
eyebrow!nC!!see!also! eyelash!nC!!see!also!@!
eyedrop!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!brow(
lash(
@!drop
eyelid!nC!!see!also!@!lid( eyeliner!nCU!!see!
1!
also!@!line
eyesore!nC!!see!also!
@!sore(
eyewitness!nC!!see!
also!@!witness(
(
(
(

fabric(

fabric!nCU!

fabulous(

facade(

fabulous!adj!
informal!
!

facade!nC!

face!!front!of!head!

face!nC!!front!of!
(
head!
face!vT!!turn!towards!

face(up(to(phr!v!

face!nC!!front!surface! face;to;face!adj(
face!vT!!confront!
facial!adj!
sb/sth!

deface(!vT!
defacement!nU!
lose(face(
face!vT!!accept!fact,!
truth,!etc!
facecloth!nC!!see!
also!@!cloth(
faceless!neg!adj!
in(the(face(of(
straight(face!!nC!!see!
also!@!straight(
make/pull(a(face(

202!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

facet(

facet!nC!

long(face!nC!
shame;faced!adj!!see!
1(
also!@!shame
slap(in(the(face!nC!!
see!also!@!slap(
(

facility(

facilitator!nC!

in(fact/in(actual(fact(

facilities!n!pl!!
amenities!
(

facilitate!vT!formal!

fact(

facility!nC!!building,!
equipment,!etc!
fact!nCU!

faction(

faction!nC!

factual!adj!
factually!adv!
(

as(a(matter(of(fact(
thats(a(fact!(
factional!adj!

factor(

factor!nC!

factory(

factory!nC!

factor(in/into!phr!v!
wow(factor!nC!
(

faculty(

faculty!nC!!university!
department!

fade(

fade!vI!!lose!colour,!
brightness!

fail(

fail!vI!!not!succeed!
failure!nCU!!no!
success!

fail!vIT!!fail!exam!

fade!vI!!gradually!
disappear,!reduce!
volume!
fail!vI!!not!do!sth!
failure!nU!!not!doing!
sth!

failed!adj!

faint!adj!!not!bold!

faintly!adv!

faint!vI!

fair!adj!
fairly!adv!

fair!adv!
unfair!neg!adj!

fairness!nU!

unfairly!neg!adv!

faint !!opp!bold!
faint !!lose!
consciousness!
1
fair !!just,!right!

faculty!nCU!esp!Am!!
all!teachers!at!a!
university!
faded!adj!
fading!adj!
fail!vI!!break!down,!
stop!working!
failure!nCU!!stop!
working!
failing!adj!
without(fail(
(
faint!nC!
feel(faint(
unfairness!nU!
fair(game!!see!also!@!
2!
game

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

fair!nC!

fair!adj!

fun(fair!nC!!see!also!
@!fun/funny(
(

fair!adj!
fairly!adv!!quite!
(

fairy!nC!

faith!nU!

yours(faithfully!letter! (
closure!Brit/faithfully(
yours(!Am!!see!also!
@!yours!

faithful!adj!!loyal!

faithfully!adv!

faith !!religious!belief! (

faith!nU!

faithful!adj!

fairytale!nC/adj!!see!
also!@!tale(
tooth(fairy!nC!!see!
also!@!tooth(
faithful!adj!!sexually!
unfaithful!neg!adj!!
sexually!
faithfulness!nU!
in(good(faith(
have(faith(in(
faithful!nU!

fake(

fall!vI!!descend!

fall!vI!!accident!
fall!vI!!reduce,!
become!lower!
fall!nC!!drop!
fall!nC!!accident!
fall!nC!!rain,!snow,!
etc!

fake!adj!
fake!nC!
fake!vT!
(

fallen!adj!
downfall!nU!
pitfall!nC!!see!also!@!pit(
rainfall!nU!!see!also!@!
rain(
waterfall!nC!!see!also!@!
water(

fall(down(phr!v(

fall!vI!!be!captured!
fall!vI!!be!killed!
fall!vI!!happen!on!a!
certain!day!
fall(asleep!!see!also!
1(
@!asleep/sleep
fall(in(love!!see!also!
@!love(
fall(ill(!!see!also!@!ill(
falling!adj!
falls!n!pl!!waterfall!
shortfall!nC!
fall(apart!phr!v!!
disintegrate!

fair !!event,!show!
fair !!pale,!light!
fair !!reasonable,!
average!
fairy(

faith !!trust!

fall !!descend!

204!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

fall !!autumn!

false(

false!adj!!not!correct!

fame/famous(

famous!adj!

familiar(

(
(

family(

family!nC!!related!
people!
family!nCU!!children!
family!adj!

fall!nCU!Am!!see!also!
@!autumn(
false!adj!!not!real!
false!adj!!not!true!

fame!nU!

famed!adj!

(
familiar!adj!
be(familiar(with(
sb/sth(
(

(
(

(
(

(
unfamiliar!adj!

infamous!adj!
familiarity!nU!

family(name!nC!!see!
also!@!name(

family!nC!!group!of!
things!

X(

fall(apart!phr!v!!stop!
working!
fall(away!!phr!v!
fall(back(on!phr!v!
fall(behind!phr!v!
fall(for!phr!v!
fall(in(with!phr!v!
fall(off!phr!v!!decline!
fall(on!phr!v!
fall(out!phr!v!!tooth,!
hair,!etc!
fall(out!phr!v!!quarrel!
fall(over!phr!v!
fall(short(of(sth!phr!v!
fall(through!phr!v!
(
falsely!adv!
falsify!vT!
falsehood!nC!
famously!adv!
defamation!nU!
defamatory!adj!
defame!vT!formal!
infamy!nU(
familiarize!vI!
unfamiliarity(!nU!
family(planning!nU!!
1!
see!also!@!plan
family(tree!nC!!see!
also!@!tree(
royal(family!nC!!see!
also!@!royal(

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

famine(

famine!nCU!

fan!nC!

fanatic!nC!

fan!nC!

fan!vT!

fancy !!like!

fancy!vT!informal!
Brit!

fancy!nC!

fancy!adj!

fancy(oneself(
take(a(fancy(to(
sb/sth(
fancy!/fancy(that!!!
exclam!
!

fancy!adj!

fancy !!imagine!

fancy!vT!literary!

fantastic(

fantastic!adj!

fanciful!adj!
fancifully!adv!
fancy(dress!nU!Br!!
2(
see!also!@!dress
fanciful!adj!
fancifully!adv!
(

fantasy(

fantasy!nCU!

fantasize!viT!

far(

far!adj/adv!!distant!
as(far(as(...(
!

far!adv!!very!much!
so(far(
farther/further!
comp!adj/!adv!
farthest/furthest!sup!
adj/adv!

by(far(

as/so(far(as(I(know(
far(and(wide!!see!
also!@!wide(
far(apart!!see!also!@!
apart(
far(away!!see!also!@!
away(
far(from(
far(off(
far;reaching!adj!!see!
2(
also!@!reach
in(as/so(far(as!conj!
fare!nC!!taxi!
customer!

fan !!supporter!
fan !!cooling!device!

fancy !!expensive,!
fashionable!
3
fancy !!ornate!

fare !!payment!for!
ticket!
!

fare!nC!

206!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

fare !!manage!

fare!vI!formal!

farewell(

farewell!nC!

bid(farewell(

farm(

farm!nC!

farmer!nC!

farm!vIT!

farming!nU!

farmhouse!nC!!see!also!
2
@!house !
farmland!nU!!see!also!
1!
@!land

fascinate(

fascinating!adj!

fascinate!vT!

fascination!nU!

farm(out!phr!v!!
distribute!
farmhand!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!hand
farmyard!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!yard
fascinated!adj!

fascism(

anti;fascist!adj!

fashion!nU!

fascism!nU!
fascist!adj!
fascist!nC!
(

fashion!nCU!

fashionable!adj!
unfashionable!neg!
adj!
old;fashioned!adj!

fast!adj!!watch,!
(
clock,!etc!
fasten!vIT/fasten(sth( (
on/to/together!phr!v!

fast!adj!!quick!
fast!adv!
(

fast!adv/adj!
fastened!adj!

fat!adj!

fat!nU!!body!fat!

fashionably!adv!
unfashionably!neg!
adv!
in(fashion(
out(of(fashion(
come(into(fashion(
go(out(of(fashion(
fast(food!nU!!see!
also!@!food(
unfasten!vT!
unfastened!neg!adj!
fastener!nC!
fastening!nC!
zip(fastener!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!zip/(
zipper!!!
fatness!nU!
fatten!vT!
fattening!adj!

fashion !!creative!
industry!
2
fashion !!what!is!
popular!

fast !!quick!
fast !!fixed,!
stuck/fasten(

fat !!opp.!thin!

207!

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2

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

fat !!grease,!oil,!etc!

fat!nCU!!grease,!oil!
fatty!adj!

fatal(

fatal!adj!

fate(

fate!nCU!

father!nC!

grandfather!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!grand

father;in;law!nC!!see!
2
also!@!law /in;law(
forefather!nC!!see!also!
@!fore;(
great(grandfather!nC!!
2
see!also!@!great /(
great;(

father !!priest!

father!nC!

fatigue(

fatigue!nU!

faucet!!see!also!@!
2!
tap
fault(

faucet!nC!Am!

fault!nCU!!mistake,!
blame!
fault!nC!!broken!part!
favour!nC!Brit/!
favor!nC!Am!!sth!
helful!
favour!nU!Brit/!!
favor!nU!Am!
favour!vT!Brit/!!
favor!vT!Am!

fault!vT!

at(fault(
find(fault(with(

do((sb)(a(favour/(
favor(

faultless!neg!adj!
faultlessly!neg!adv!
faulty!adj!
(

ask(a(favour/favor(

favourite!nC!Brit/!
favorite!nC!Am!

favourable!adj!Brit/(
in(favour/favor(of(
favorable!adj!Am!
out(of(favour/favor(
unfavourable!neg!
(with)(
adj!Brit/(unfavorable!

favourably!adv!Brit/(
favorably!adv!Am!
unfavourably!neg!adv!
Brit/(unfavorably!neg!

favoured!adj!Brit/(
favored!adj!Am!
favouritism!nU!Brit/(
favoritism!nU!Am!

father !!male!parent!

favour/favor !!
helpful!act!
favour/favor !!like,!
support!

fat;free!adj!!see!also!
3!
@!free
low;fat!adj!
fatally!adv!
fatality!nC!
fateful!adj!
fatefully!adv!
father!vT!
fatherly!adv!
fatherhood!nU!
forefather!nC!!see!
also!@!fore/fore;(
foster(father!nC!!see!
also!@!foster(
godfather!nC!!see!
also!@!god(
stepfather!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!step
(
fatigue!vIT!
fatigued!adj!
(

208!

headword(

A1(

A2(

fax(

favourite!adj!Brit/(
favorite!adj!Am!
(

fear(

fear!nCU!

feasible(

B1(

B2(

C1(

neg!adj!Am!

C2(

X(

adv!Am!

fear!vT!!be!afraid!

fax!nC!
fax!vT!
(

fear!vT!formal!!worry!

fearful!adj!
fearfully!adv!

fearless!adj!
fearlessly!adv!

feasible!adj!

feast(

feast!nC!
feast!vI(

feat(

feat!nC!

feared!adj!
for(fear(of/that(
in(fear(of(
feasibility!!nCU!
feasibly!adv!
feasting!nU!
feast(ones(eyes!!see!
also!@!eye(
(

feather(

feature!

feature!nC!!
important!part!of!sth!
feature!nC!!physical!
characteristic!
(

feather!nC!
feather!adj!
(

feature!vT!!include!
significantly!

federal!adj!

federation!nC!

federally!adv!
confederation!nC(
(

(
feebly!adv!
feebleness!nU!
feeble;minded!adj!!
1
see!also!@!mind (
enfeeble!vT!formal!
enfeebled!adj!formal!
feed(on!phr!v!

federal(
fed(up!!see!also!@!
feed(
fee(

fee!nC!

fed(up!adj!informal!!
bored!
(

feeble(

feeble!adj!

feed!!see!also!@!
food(

feed!vT!!give!food!

fed(up!adj!informal!

feed!nCU!
feeding!adj!
feeding!nU!

feed!vIT!!load!with!sth!

feathered!adj!
feathery!adj!
(

209!

headword(

feedback(
1

feel !!experience!
physically!
2

feel !!experience!
emotionally,!
mentally!

A1(

A2(

feel!vIT!touch,!etc!
(
feeling!nC!!physical!
sensation!
feel!vT!
feelings!n!pl!!
feeling!nCU!!emotion! emotions!

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

feedback!nU!

feel!n!sing!particular!
quality!
!
feel(like(sth!phr!v!
want!
feel(like(doing(sth!
phr!v!!want!to!do!sth(
(

hurt(sbs(feelings(
feel(good/bad(about(
sth(

feel(up(to!phr!v!

feel!vI!

feel !!have!opinion!

fellow(

fellowship!nU!

female!!see!also!@!
male(
feminine(

feel!vIT!!have!opinion! (
feeling!nC!!opinion!
(
fellow!nC!oldJ
fashioned!
fellow!adj!
female!adj!
(
female!nC!
(
(

feminism!nU!
femininity!nU!

fence !wooden!
(
barrier!
ferocious!!see!also!@! (
fierce(
ferry(
(

fence!nC!

feminine!adj!
feminist!nC!
feminist!adj!
fencing!nU!
fence!vT!
(

ferry!nC!

fertile(

fertility!nU!
fertilizer!nCU!

ferry!vT!
ferryboat!nC!!see!also!
@!boat(
fertile!adj!!land,!people,!
animals,!etc!

sit(on(the(fence!!be!
indecisive!
ferocity!nU(
ferociously!adv(
(

feel !state!of!health!!

ferocious!adj!

fertile!adj!!
imagination!
fertilize!vT!
fertilization!nU!
infertile!neg!adj!
infertility!nU!

210!

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festival(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

festival!nC!

fetch!vT!!collect!

feudal(

fever(

few(

fewer!det!

fianc/fiance(

few!det/pron!
a(few!det/pron!
(

fibre/fiber(

fiction(

fidelity(

C2(

X(

festive!adj!
festivity!nCU!
(

feudal!adj!

feudalism!nU!

fever!nCU!

run(a(fever(

quite(a(few/a(good(
few(
(

feverish!adj!
feverishly!adv!
(

fianc/fiance!nC!

fibrous!adj!

fibre!nCU!Brit/(
fiber!nCU!Am!
fiction!nU!

fictitious!adj!
non;fiction!nU!

fictional!adj!
science(fiction!nU!!
see!also!@!science!
(

fidelity(nU!

field!nC!

airfield!nC!!see!also!@!
2!
air
(

minefield!nC!!see!
3!
also!@!mine
midfield!adj/!
midfielder!nC!!see!
also!@!middle/mid;(

field !!speciality!

battlefield!nC!!see!
also!@!battle(
field!nC!!sports!
ground!
field!vI!
field!n!sing!!
competitors!
field!nC!

fierce/ferocious(

fiercely!adv!

ferocious!adj!

ferocity!nU(
ferociously!adv!

fig(

fierce!adj!!violent!
fierce!adj!!strong!
wind,!sun,!etc!
fierce!adj!!emotion,!
argument,!etc!
(

fig!nC!

fight(

fight!vIT!!physical!

fight(!vIT!strive!
fight!vIT!!argue!

fighter!nC!!person,!
aircraft,!etc!

firefighter!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!fire

fig(leaf!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!leaf
firefighting!nU!!see!
1!
also!@!fire

fetch

field !!flat!land!
field !!sports!ground!

211!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

fight!nC!!physical!
fight!nC!!striving!

figure !!number!
2

figure!nC!!number!
figure!nC!!amount!
(

figure !!be!
mentioned/!included!!
in!sth!
3
figure !!shape!of!
(
body!

B2(

C1(

C2(

fighting!nU!

X(

infighting!nU!
fight(against!phr!v!
fight(back!phr!v!
fight(for!phr!v!
fight(off!phr!v!
(

figure!vI!

figure!nC!

disfigure!vT!
disfigurement!nCU!
disfiguring!adj!
disfigured!adj!
(

figure!nC!

figure think!

4!!

figure!vI!esp!Am!
figure!vI!informal!!
make!sense!
figure(sth(out!phr!v!
informal!
(

figure!nC!

figure(of(speech!!see!
also!@!speech(
filing!nU!

figurative!adj!
figuratively!adv!
on(file(

file!nC!
file!vT!
!

nail(file!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!nail
(

figure !!diagram,!
table,!etc!
6
figure !!person!in!
story,!events,!etc!
7
figure !!figure!of!
speech!
1
file !!record!

file!nC!!record!
file!nC!!container!
file!nC!!computer!
file!vT!!make!a!
record,!file!
!

file !!tool!
file !!line!of!people,!
animals,!etc!
!

file!nC!
file!vI!

212!

headword(

fill!!see!also!@!full(

film !!movie!

A1(

fill!vT!!make!sth!full!
!
fill/fill(in!phr!v!!put!
sth!into!a!space!
film!nCU!!movie!

A2(

!
!

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

fill!vT!!take!a!job!
fill!vT!!at!dentist!
fill(in/out!phr!v!!
complete!a!form,!etc!
film(star!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!star
!

filling!nCU!

filler!nCU!
have(ones(fill(of(sb/(
sth(

filmmaker!nC!

film!vIT!

filming!nU!

film!nC!

film !!thin!layer!

film!nCU!!
photographic!
!

filter(

filter!nC!

filter!vIT!

filtration!nU!

filtering!nU!

filthy(

filthy!adj!

filth!nU!

fin(

fin!nC!

final(

final!adj!!last!
final!adj!!decision,!
offer,!judgement,!etc!
finally!adv!!after!a!
long!time!

finally!adv!!lastly!

final!nC!!in!
competition!

semi;final!nC!
!

finance(

financial!adj!

financially!adv!
financing!nU!

fnancier!nC!

find(

find!vT!!recover!sth!
lost!
find!vT!!discover!

find!nC!

find!vT!!give!verdict!
finder!nC!

fine!adj!!good,!
enjoyable!

find!vT!!experience!
sb/sth!
find((sth)(out!phr!v!
finding/findings!nC!
usu!pl!
fine(adj!!weather!
fine!adj!!healthy!

finance!nU!!money!
finances!n!pl!
finance!vT!
(

finalize!vT!
finalization!nU!
finalist!nC!
finale!nC!
final(exam/(
examination!!nC!!see!
also!@!exam/(
examination(
semi;finalist!nC!
financial(year!nC!!
also!@!year(

fine!adv!

finery!nU!literary!

fine!adj!!thin,!
delicate!

finely!adv!

1!!

fine good,!
enjoyable,!good!
!
quality
2
fine !!thin,!delicate!
!

213!

headword(
3

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

fine!adj!!small!
(

fine !!money!paid!as!
punishment!
finger(

finger!nC!!body!part!

finish(

finish!vIT!!complete!
finish!vIT!!end!
finish!vIT!!finish!
eating!

fingernail!!see!also!
2!
@!nail
fingerprint!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!print
index(finger!nC!!see!
also!@!index(
finish!nC!!end!

finite(

fir(

fire!nCU!
fire!nC!Brit!!
household!heater!
on(fire(

fire(alarm!nC!!see!
also!@!alarm(

fire !!flames,!smoke,!
etc!

C1(

C2(

X(

fine!nC!
fine!vT!
finger!nC!!sth!shaped!
like!a!finger!

fingertip!nC!!see!also!@!
tip(

finger!vT!
fingerprint!vT!!see!
2
also!@!print !
keep(ones(fingers(
crossed(

finished!adj!

unfinished!neg!adj!

finite!adj(
infinite!adj!
!!

infinitely!adv!
infinity!nU!
fir!nC!

finisher!nC!
finishing!adj!
finish((sth)(up!phr!v!
finish(up(with!phr!v!
finish((sth)(off!phr!v!
finish(with(sth!phr!v!
(

fire!nU!!strong!
emotion!
firefighter!nC!!see!
also!@!fight(
fireman!nC!!see!also!
3(
@!man
fireplace!nC!!see!also!
@!place(

bonfire!nC!
fiery!adj!
fire(brigade!nC!Brit!!see!
also!@!brigade(
fire(department!nC!Am!!
see!also!@!department(
fire(engine!nC!!see!also!
@!engine(
fire(escape!nC!!see!also!
@!escape(
firehouse!nC!esp!Am!!
2(
see!also!@!house
fire(service!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!serve/(service
fire(station!nC!esp!Brit!!

fir(tree!nC!!see!also!
@!tree!
catch(fire(
play(with(fire(
put(out(a(fire(
set(sth/sb(on(fire(
firefighting!nU!!see!
also!@!fight(
fireproof!adj!!see!
3(
also!@!proof

214!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(
3(

fire!vIT!shoot!
gunfire!nU!!see!also!
@!gun(

fire !!shoot!

fire !!dismiss,!sack!

see!also!@!station
firework!nC!
firing!nU!
ceasefire!nC!!see!also!@!
cease(
firearm!!nC!!see!also!@!
2!
arm

fire!vIT!!ask!
questions!
firepower!nU!!see!
2(
also!@!power
under(fire(
firing(squad!nC!!see!
also!@!squad(
(

fire!vT!

firmly!adv!

firm(up!phr!v!
firmness!nU!

firm !!company!

firm!nC!

firm!adj!!hard,!solid!
firm!adj!!fixed!
firm!adj!!definite!
(

first(

first!ordinal!number!

first/firstly!adv!!in!
order,!time,!on!list,!
etc!
first!adj!

first/the(first(!pron/!
n!sing!
at(first(

first(half!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!half

first;hand!adj!

first(class!nU!!see!
2
also!@!class !
first;class!adj!!see!
2!
also!@!class
first(floor!n!sing!!see!
2!
also!@!floor
first(name!nC!!see!
also!@!name(
(

first(aid!nU!!see!also!
@!aid(
first(of(all(
first(and(foremost(
first(and(last(
at(first(sight!!see!also!
1!
@!sight
first(person!n!sing!!
grammar!

fiscal!adj!

fish!nC!

fish!vI!

fisherman!nC!!see!

fish(and(chips!nU!see! fishery!nC!

firm !!hard,!solid!

fiscal(

fiscally!adv!
fiscal(year!nC!!see!
also!@!year(
fish(for!phr!v!

215!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

fish(

fish!nC!
(

(
(

fishing!nU!
(

also!@!man
(

fist(

3!

C1(

C2(

X(

also!@!chip
fishing(rod!!see!also!
@!rod(

(
goldfish!nCU!
tunafish!nC!!see!also!@!
tuna(

1(

fist!nC!

fishmonger!nC!
fishing(boat!nC!!see!
also!@!boat(
jellyfish!nCU!!see!
also!@!jelly(
shellfish!nU!!see!also!
1
@!shell (
(

fit!vI!

fit!nC!

fit!vI!
fit!adj!

fitting!adj!

fit!adj!

fitness!nU!

unfit!neg!adj!

fit(in((with)!phr!v!
fit(into!phr!v!
fit(with!phr!v!
misfit!nC!
unfit!neg!adj!
(

fit!nC!Brit!

fit !!install!

fit!vT!

five/fifteen/fifty(

fixed!adj!!secured!
fixed!adj!!agreed!
flag!nC!

fix!vIT!Brit!!agree!
time,!price,!etc!
(

fixture!nC!!
installation!
(

flag!

fifth!ordinal!number/!
fraction!
fifteenth!ordinal!
number/fraction!
fiftieth!ordinal!
number/fraction!
fix!vT!!repair!
fix!vT!!fasten,!attach!
(

fix(

five!cardinal!number!
5!
fifteen!cardinal!
number!15!!
fifty!cardinal!number!
50!
(

fitter!nC!
fittings!n!pl!Brit!
fit(sb/sth(in!phr!v!
(

flake!

flake!nC!

fixing!nU!
fix(up!phr!v!
flag(down(!phr!v!
flag(up!phr!v!
flake!vI!
(
cornflake nC!!see!
also!@!corn(

fit !!be!correct!size!
fit !!suit,!be!suitable!

fit !!healthy!
fit !!seizure!

216!

headword(

flame(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

flame!nC!

inflammation!nU!

flare(

flash(

flash!vIT!
flash!nC!

flap!nC!
flap!vI!
flare!nC!
flare!vIT/flare(up!phr!v!
(

flat!adj!!level!

flat!adj!!unexciting!
flatness!nU!

flat!nC!

flat!adj!!without!
electrical!charge!
flat!adj!!not!inflated!
flat!adv!
flatten!vIT!
(

flat !!absolute!

flavour/flavor(

flavour!nCU!Brit/!!
flavor!nCU!Am!
flavour!vT!Brit/!!
flavor!vT!Am!

flat!adj!
flatly!adv!
(

flaw(

flaw!nC!

flee!!see!also!@!

flee!vIT!

flap

flat !!level!

flat !!apartment!Brit!

X(

flame(up(!phr!v!
flaming!adj!
go/send(up(in(flames(
inflame!vT!
inflamed!adj!
inflammatory!adj!
flammable!adj!
inflammable!adj!Brit!
(
(
flashing!adj!
flashlight!nC!Am!!see!
1!
also!@!light,(torch
in(a(flash(
flattened!adj!
flat(tyre!nC!Brit/flat(
tire!nC!Am!!see!also!
@!tyre/tire(
flatmate!nC!!see!also!
2
@!mate !
(
flavoured!adj!Brit/!
flavored!adj!Am!
flavouring!nCU!Brit/!
flavoring!nCU!Am!
flavourless!!adj!Brit/(
flavorless(!adj!Am!
flawed!adj!
flawless!neg!adj!
fleeing!adj!

217!

headword(

flight

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

2!

X(
2

flight !nU!
take(flight(
(

fleet!

fleet!nC!

flesh(

flesh!nU!!human/!
animal!

flexible(

flexible!adj!

flexibility!nU!

flick(

flick!vT!

flicker(

flicker!vI!

flight !!journey!by!
aircraft;!see!also!@!
1!
fly
2
flight !!see!also!@!
flee(
fling(

flight!nC!!journey!
flight!nU!!flying!

flight(attendant!nC!!
2
see!also!@!attend /!
attendant(
(

fling!vT!

flight!nU!
take(flight(
(

flip(

flip!vIT!

flirt(

flirt!vI!

float!vI!!opp.!sink!
float!vIT!!move!on!
surface!

floating!adj!
(

flirtation!nCU(
flirt!nC!
flirtacious!adj!
float!nC!
afloat!adv/adj!
flotation!nCU!

float !opp.!sink!

flesh!nU!!fruit/!
vegetable!
fleshy!adj!
in(the(flesh(
ones((own)(flesh(
and(blood!!see!also!
@!blood(
flex!vT!
flexibly!adv!
inflexible!neg!adj!
inflexibly!neg!adv!
inflexibility!nCU!
flick!nC!
flick(through!phr!v!
flicker!nC!
flickering!adj!
(

218!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

flock(

flock!nC!!animals!

flood(

flood!vT!!!

flood!nCU!!

flooded!adj!
flooding!nU!

floor!nC!!surface!in!
room!
floor!nC!!dance,!
factory,!etc!

floor !!level!in!
building!

floral(

floor!nC!!
ground/first/second(
etc(floor!n!(
(

floral!adj!

flour(

flour!nU!

flourish(

flourish!vI!

flow(

flow!nCU!!liquid,!gas,!
etc!

flow!vI!

overflow!vIT!
overflow!nC!

flower(

flower!nC!

flower!vI!

flower(bed!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!bed

flow!nCU!!people,!
traffic,!etc!
flowing!adj!
(

floor !!surface!in!
room!

X(

floating(voter!nC!!
see!also!@!vote(
flock!nC!!people!
flock!vI!
floodplain!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!plain
floodwaters!npl!!see!
also!@!water(
floor!vT!
floored!adj!
flooring!nU!
floorboard!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!board
floor(show!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!show
(

flora!nU!
florist!nC!
floury!adj!
floured!adj!
flourishing!adj!
outflow!nC!
cash(flow!nCU!!see!
also!@!cash(
flowered!adj!
flowering!adj!
flowery!adj!
flowerpot!nC!!see!
also!@!pot(
sunflower!nC!
in(flower(

219!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

flu(

flu!nU!

influenza!nU!

fluent(

fluent!adj!

fluid(

fluorescent(

fluid!nCU!
fluid!adj!
(

fluency!nU!
fluently!adv!
(

fluorescent!adj!

flush(

flush!vI!

fluorescent(light!nC!!
1!
see!also!@!light
flush!nC!

flute(

flute!nC!

flight!nC!!journey!by!
aircraft!
flight!nU!!flying!

fly!vI!!move!quickly!
flier/flyer!nC!
flying!nU!
flying!adj!

fly !!insect!

fly!vT!!travel!in!air!
fly!vIT!!travel!in!
aircraft!
fly!vT!!control!
aircraft,!etc!
(

fly!nC!

butterfly!nC!

foam(

foam!nU!
foam!cI!

focus(

focal!adj!

foe(

focus(nU!
focus!vIT!
focus(on/upon(sb/(
sth!phr!v!
(

foamy!adj!
shaving(foam!nU!!
see!also!@!shave(
focused!adj!

foe!nC!

fog(

foil(

fog!nU!
foggy!adj!
(

foil!nU!

not(have(the(
foggiest((idea)(
(

fold(

fold!vT!
unfold!vIT!!be!
flattened;!be!
revealed!

fold!nC!

fly !!travel!in!air!

fluidity!nU!

flautist!nC/!
flutist!nC!Am!
flying(boat(nC!!see!
also!@!boat(
flying(saucer!nC!!see!
also!@!saucer(

folding!adj!
folded!adj!
enfold!vT!
fold(your(arms!!see!
1!
also!@!arm

220!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

folder(

folder!nC!

foliage(

foliage!nU!

folk(

folk(nC!informal!
folk!adj!

folklore!nU!
folksong!!see!also!@!
song(

follow!vIT!!go!after!
follow!vIT!!happen!
subsequently!
following!adj!

follow!vT!!result!
following!prep!

follow!vT!!obey!

follow!vT!!have!an!
interest!in!
follower!nC!
(

follow!vT!!advice,!
recommendation,!
etc!
follow!vIT!

folk(music!nU!!see!
also!@!music(
gentlefolk!n!pl!oldJ
fashioned!!see!also!
2(
@!gentle
the(following(
follow;up!adj!
follow;up!nC!
follow(up!phr!v!
follow(through!phr!v!
as(follows(
follow(suit((see!also!
3!
@!suit
following!nC!

fond(

fond!adj!

font(

font!nC!!print!style!

fondly!adv!
fondness!nU!
be(fond(of(
fondle!vT!
(

food!!see!also!@!
feed(

food!nCU!

cat(food!nU!!see!also!
@!cat(
dog(food!nU!!see!
also!@!dog(
seafood!nCU!!see!
also!@!sea(

follow !!go!after!

follow !!obey!

3!!

follow understand

foody!nC!informal!
fast(food!nU!!see!
1!
also!@!fast
health(food!nCU!!see!
also!@!health(
junk(food!nCU!!see!
also!@!junk(
foodstuff!nC!

221!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

foot/feet!nC!!body!
part!

foot/feet!nC!!bottom! on(foot(
of!sth!

footprint!nC!!see!also! footpath!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!print
@!path(
(
footstep!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!step

foot !!12!inches!

foot/feet!nC!

food(for(thought(
foolishly!adv!
foolishness!nU!
fool(about/around!!
phr!v!
make(a(fool(of(sb(
footing!nC!
footbridge!nC!!see!
also!@!bridge(
foothold!nC!!see!also!
@!hold(
footnote!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!note
footage!nU!

football(

football!nU!Brit!!
soccer!
football!nU!Am!!
American!football!
football!nC!!the!ball;!!
1!
see!also!@!ball
for!prep!!intended!
for/for!the!purpose!
of!
for!prep!!because!of!
for!prep!!length!of!
time/distance!
for!prep!!for!an!
occasion!
for!prep!!payment!
for!
for!prep!!on!behalf!of!
for!prep!!translation!
for!prep!!work!for!

American(football!
nU!
footballer!nC!

rugby(football!nU!!
see!also!@!rugby(

for!prep!!towards!
for!conj!formal!!
because!

for!prep!!considering! (
age,!condition,!etc!
for!prep!!support!for/!
in!favour!of!

what((for?!!why?!

fool(

foot !!body!part!

for(

fool!nC!

fool!vT!
foolish!adj!

222!

headword(

forbid(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

force!nU!

force!nU!
force!vT!

(
(

force !!group!of!
people!

fore/fore;(

C1(

C2(

X(

forbid!vT!
forbidden!adj!
(

by(force(

(
(

force!vT!
!

forced!adj(
!

force!nC!
air(force!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!air

(
enforce!vT!!see!also!
@!enforce(
enforcement!nU!
(

forceful!adj!
forcefully!adv!
forcibly!adv!
(
(

forehead!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!head

forecast(

foreign(

foreigner!nC!

foreman(

foreign!adj!!from!
abroad!
(

forecast!nC!
forecast!vT!
weather(forecast!nC!!
see!also!@!weather(
foreign!adj!!external,!
alien!
(

foremost(

foremost!adj!

force !!influence!
force !!physical!
power!
force !!compel(
!

workforce!n!sing!!see! (
also!@!work(

fore!n!sing!
forefather!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!father
foreground!n!sing!

in/into(force(
enforceable!adj!
enforced!adj!
enforcer!nC!
amed(forces!nC!!see!
2
also!@!arm !
task(force!nC!!see!
also!@!task(
(

forearm!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!arm
forefather!nC!!see!
1
also!@!father (
forefront!n!sing!
forerunner!nC!
forecaster!nC!

foreman!nC!!see!also!@!
3!
man
(

(
first(and(foremost(

223!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

forename(

forensic(

foresee!!see!also!@!
see(
forest(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

forename!nC!!see!
also!@!name(
(

forensic!adj!

forensically(adv!

foresee!vT!

forest!nC!

rainforest!nC!!see!also!
@!rain(

foretell!!!see!@!tell(

foreseeable!adj!
unforeseen!neg!adj!
forestry!nU!
forester!nC!
forested!adj!
deforestation!nU!
foretell!vT!

forever!!see!also!@!
ever(
1
forge !!copy,!
counterfeit!

forever/for(ever!adv!! (
evermore!
(
(

forge!vT!

forge !!make!links!

forge!vT!

forget(

forget!vIT!!fail!to!
remember!
forget!vIT!!fail!to!do!
sth!

forgetful!adj!

forgive(

forgive!vT!

forgiveness!nU(

fork(

fork!nC!!eating!tool!

fork!nC!!gardening!
tool!

fork!vT!!use!a!fork!

form!vT!

formation!nU!!
process!of!creation!

fork!nC!!turning!in!
road!
fork!vI!!divide!
(

forgetfully!adv!
forgetfulness!nU!
forgotten!adj!
unforgettable!neg!
adj!
forgive(me!!formal!
forgivable!adj!
forgiving!adj!
unforgiving!neg!adj!
forked!adj!

formative!adj!

form!nC!

application(form!nC!!

formation!nC!!sth!
formed!(rocks,!
clouds,!etc)!
(

form !!create,!
develop,!establish!
form !!document!
!

forever!adv!informal!!
often!
forged!adj!
forger!nC!
forgery!nCU!
(

224!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

form!nC!

see!also!@!apply /(
application(
(

form!nC!

form!n!sing!

form !!class!at!school!
Brit!
formal(

form!nC!

formal!adj!!official!

informal!neg!adj!

informally!neg!adv!

format(

format!nCU!

formal!adj!!serious!
formally!adv!
formality!nCU!
(

formation!nC!!
coordinated!pattern!
deformed!neg!adj!
deformity!nU!
be(on(good/great/(
bad/etc(form!Brit/(
be(in(good/great/(
bad/etc(form!Am!
first/second/etc(
former!nC!
informality!neg!nU!

format!vT!

former(

former!adj!

formerly!adv!

the(former!n!sing!

formidable(

formidable!adj!

formidably!adv!

formula(

formulate!vT!

formulation!nCU!

fort(

formula!nC!!plan!
formula!nC!!
mathematical,!
chemical,!etc!
(

fort!nC!

fortress!nC!

forth(

and(so(forth(

forth!adv!formal!

henceforth!adv!formal(

fortify!vT!
fortified!adj!
fortification!nC!
(

forthcoming(

forthright(

forthcoming!adj!!
happening!soon!
(

forthright!adj!

fortnight(

fortnight!nC!Brit!

form !!type!
form !!shape!

form !!current!ability!

225!

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A1(

fortunate!!see!also!
2!
@!fortune
1
fortune !!lots!of!
money!
2
fortune !!luck,!
chance;!!see!also!@!
fortunate(
forum(

A2(

B1(

B2(

fortunately!adv!

unfortunately!neg!
adv!
(

fortune!nC!

forward!!see!also!@!
2
ward /;ward(

C1(

C2(

X(

fortunate!adj!
unfortunate!neg!adj!
(

make(ones(fortune(

fortune!nCU!

misfortune!nCU!

forum!nC!

tell(sbs(fortune(
fortune(teller!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!tell
(

forward/(forwards!
adv!direction!
forward/forwards!
adv!!earlier!

forward!adj!

fossil(

fossil!nC!

foster(

foster!vT!
!

foul(

foul!adj!

found!!!

found!vT!!establish!

founder!nC!

found!vT!!base!idea!

founding!adj!

forward!vT!
fast(forward!vT!
look(forward!phr!v!
backwards(and(
forwards!!see!also!@!
backward/(
backwards(
fossilize!vIT!
fossilization!nU!
foster!adj:!
foster!mother/(
father/parent!nC!!
see!also!@!mother,(
father,(parent(
foster(home!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!home
foster(child/(
daughter/son!nC!!
see!also!@!child,(
daughter,(son!
foul!nC!
foul!vT!
foul;up!nC!
foul(up!phr!v!
foundation!adj!

226!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

foundation!!charity,!
institution!
fountain(

foundation!nC!!start!
foundations!n!pl!!of!
building!
(

fountain!nC!!water!

fountain!nC!!source!

four/fourteen/forty(

fourth!!ordinal!
number!4th!
fourteenth!!ordinal!
number/fraction!
fortieth!!ordinal!
number/fraction!
(

fox(

four!!cardinal!
number!4!
fourteen!!cardinal!
number!14!
forty!!cardinal!
number!40!
(

fountain(pen!nC!!see!
also!@!pen(
(

fox!nC!

fraction(

fraction!nC!

fracture(

fractured!adj!

fragile(

fragile!adj!

fracture!nC!
fracture!vT!
(

fragment(

fragment!nC!

fragrance(

frail(

fragrance!nCU!
fragrant!adj!
frail!adj!

fragment!vIT!
fragmentary!adj!
fragmentation!nU!
fragmented!adj!
(

frame!nC!

frame!vT!

frame!nC!!structure!
frame!nC!!body!

framework!nC!

frame !!edge,!border!

frame !!structure!
!

etc!

foundation!nC!

fragility!nU!

frailty!nU!
framed!adj!
picture(frame!nC!!
see!also!@!picture(
window(frame!nC!!
see!also!@!window(
mainframe!adj/nC!

227!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

franchise(

franchise!nCU!

frank(

frankly!adv!

frank!adj!

franchise!vT!
franchisee!nC!
frankness!nU!

frantic(

frantic!adj!

frantically!adv!

fraud(

fraud!nUC!

free!adj/adv!!not!
limited!
free!adj/adv!!not!
imprisoned!
freedom!nU!
(

free(will!nU!!see!also!
2!
@!will

free!vT!!release!from!
prison!
(

freely!adv!

fraudulent!adv!
fraudulently!adv!
fraudster!nC!
defraud(vT!
set(free(

free!adj!

free!adj/free(from/(
(
of(
duty;free!adj/nC!!see!
2!
also!@!duty

free!vT!!make!
available!
(

free!adj!!not!busy,!
not!in!use(
(

free(trade!nU!!see!
also!@!trade(
freebie!nC!informal!
fat;free!adj!!see!also!
2!
@!fat
germ;free!adj!!see!
also!@!germ(
sugar;free!adj!!see!
also!@!sugar(
(

freeway!nC!Am!

frozen!adj!!turned!to!
ice!
!

freezer!nC!
freezing!adj/adv!

freeze!nC!!period!of!icy!
weather!

freezing!nU!!lit:!
freezing!point!
!

freeze!vT!!turn!to!ice!
freeze!vI!!feel!very!
cold!
freeze!vIT!!preserve!
food!by!freezing!
(

freeze!vI!!stop!sth!
moving!

freeze!vT!!stop!prices,!
etc!increasing;!stop!

freezing!n!usu!sing!!
fig:!stopping!money!

free !!not!limited,!at!
liberty!

free !!free!of!charge!

free !!without!

free !!not!busy,!not!
occupied!
freeway!!see!also!@!
3(
way
freeze!!see!also!@!
frozen(

228!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

money!etc!being!moved(
freeze!nC!!no!increase!
in!price,!etc;!!
(

etc!being!moved!
unfreezing!n!usu!sing!
unfreeze!vT!!release!
money!etc!that!has!
been!frozen!
frozen!adj!!unable!to!
be!increased!(prices,!
etc);!unable!to!be!
released!(money,!
etc)!
freighter!nC!
freight!vT!
frenzied!adj!

freight(

freight!nU!

frenzy(

frenzy!nC!usu!sing!

frequently!adv!

frequency!nU!

frequent!adj!

frequency!nC!

infrequent!neg!adj!
infrequently!neg!adv!
(

fresh!adj!!recent!

fresh!adj!!new!
fresh!adj!!food,!
drink,!etc!
(

freshly!adv!

freshwater!adj!!see!also!
@!water(

freshen!vIT!
freshness!nU!

refresh!vT!

refreshing!adj!
refreshment!nCU!

refreshingly!adv!
refresh(ones(
memory!!see!also!@!
memory(
(

frequency !!how!
often!
2
frequency !!radio!etc!
1

fresh !!recent!

fresh !!natural!

freshman(

fresh!adj!!fresh!air,!
etc!
(

friction(

friction!nU!!rubbing!

fridge!!see!also!@!
refrigerator(
friend(

fridge!nC!

friend!nC!

friendly!adv!

friendship!nCU!
unfriendly!neg!adj!

freshman!nC!!see!
3!
also!@!man
friction!nU!!
quarrelling!
(
friendliness!nU!
unfriendliness!nU!

229!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

boyfriend!nC!!see!
also!@!boy(
girlfriend!nC!!see!
also!@!girl(
pen;friend!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!pen

X(

fright!nU!

frightened!adj!
frightening!adj!
(

fringe!nC!

friendly!nC!!sport!
befriend!vT!
be(friends(with(
make(friends((with)(
environmentally;
friendly!adj!!see!also!
@!environment(
frighteningly!adv!
!!
frightful!adj!!very!
bad!
frightfully!adj!!(
(

fringe!nC!

fringe!adj!

frock!nC!

frog(

frog!nC!

from(

from!prep!!leaving!
place,!direction!
from!prep!!distance!
from!a!point!
from!prep!!where!sb/!
sth!is!from!
from!prep!!stating!
point!
from!prep!!gift,!
communication,!,!etc!
from!sb/somewhere!
front!nC!!of!building,!
place,!vehicle,!book,!
etc!
front!adj!

from!prep!!obtain,!
remove!from!
somewhere!

frogman!nC!!see!also!
3(
@!man
(

front(door!nC!!see!also!
@!door(

fright(

frighten!vT!

fringe !!edge!

frock(

fringe !!haircut!

front(

front!vT!
front!adj!
in(front!!in!a!series,!
game,!etc!

230!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

in(front(of(
(

frontier!nC!

1((!

frost!nCU!

frosty!adj!

frost !!cake!
decoration;!!see!also!
2(
@!ice
frown(

frost!vT!esp!Am!
frosting!nU!esp!Am!

frostbite!nU!!!
frostbitten(!adj!see!
also!@!bite(
frosted!adj!esp!Am!

frozen!!see!also!@!
freeze(
1
fruit !!apple,!orange,!
etc!
2
fruit !!result!

frown!vI!
frown!nC!
frozen!adj(

fruit!nCU!

fruitcake!nCU!!see!
also!@!cake(
(

fruit(juice!nCU!!see!
also!@!juice(
(

fruits!n!pl!!rewards,!
consequences,!etc!
fruitful!adj(

frustrate(

frustration!nCU!

frustrate!vT!

fry(

fuck !!sex!

fry!vT!
fried!adj!
fries!n!pl!Am!!see!
1!
also!@!chip
French(fries!n!pl!Am!!
1!
see!also!@!chip
frying(pan!nC!!see!
also!@!pan(
(

frustrated!adj!
frustrating!adj!
fry!nCU!

fruity!adj!
fruiterer!nC!
fruition!nC!formal!
fruitless!neg!adj!
fruitlessly!neg!adv!
fruitfully!adv!
(

fuck!vIT!offensive!

fuck!nC!offensive!

fuck!!!exclam!
offensive!
fucking!adj/adv!
offensive(

fucker!nC!offensive!
fuck(off!phr!v!
offensive!!go!away!
fuck(all!nU!Brit!

frontier(
frost thin!covering!
of!ice!

fuck ((annoyance,!
intensifier(

frying!nU!

231!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

fuel(

fuel!nCU!

fulfil/fulfill(

fulfil!vT!Brit/(fulfill!vT! (
Am!

fulfilment!nU!Brit/(
fulfillment!nU!Am!

full!!see!also!@!fill(

full!adj!!filled,!
complete,!etc!

fully!adv!

full;time!adj!!see!
1!
also!@!time

fume(

full(name!nC!!see!
also!@!name(
full(stop(!nC!Brit!!see!
2!
also!@!period
(

fun/funny(

fun!nU!!sth!enjoyable! funny!adj!!strange,!
fun!nU!!playful!
unusual!
energy!
fun!adj!
funny!adj!!humorous!

fumes!n!pl!
fume!vI!
(

function!

function!nCU!

fund(

fund!nC!

fund(vT!
funding(nU(

function!vI!
functional!adj!
(

fundamental(

fundamental!adj!

refund!nC!
refund!vT!
(

fundamentally!adv!

fuel!vT!

C2(

X(

offensive!!nothing!
fuel(tank!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!tank
fulfilled!adj!
unfulfilled!neg!adj!
fulfilling!adj!
full!adj!!eaten!
enough!
fullness!nU!
in(full(
full;scale!adj!!see!
1!
also!@!scale
full(time!nU!!see!also!
1!
@!time
fumigate(vT!
for(fun/for(the(fun(
of(it(
make(fun(of(sb(
poke(fun(at(sb/sth!!
see!also!@!poke(
fun(fair!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!fair
functioning!adj!
funded!adj!
fund;raising!nU!
pension(fund!nC!!see!
also!@!pension(
refundable!adj!
fundamental!n!usu!pl!
fundamentalism!nU!
fundamentalist!adj!

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B2(

C1(

C2(

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fundamentalist!nC!
(

funeral(

funeral!nC!

funeral!adj!

fungus/fungi(

fungus!nC!

fur(

fur!nUC!

fur(coat!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!coat

furry!adj!

furious!!see!also!@!
fury(

furious!adj!

furiously!adv!

fungal!adj!
fungicide!nCU!!see!
also!@!suicide(
furrier!nC!
fur;lined!adj!!see!
3!
also!@!line
(

furniture(

furniture!nU!

furnishings!npl!

further!!see!also!@!
far(
furthermore(

further!comp!
adv/adj!
(

furthest!sup!adj/adv!

furnish!vT!!provide!
with!furniture!
furnished!adj!
(

further!vT!

fury(

furthermore!adv!
formal!
(

furiously!adv!

fury!nU!
furious!adj!
fuse!nC!

fuse!vIT!Brit!

fuse!nC!

defuse!vT!

fuse !!join!together,!
melt!
fuss(

fuse!vIT!
fusion!nU!
fuss!nU!

futile(

futile!adj!

fuss!vI!
fussy!adj!
make(a(fuss(
of/over/about(
futility!nU!

future(

future/the(future!nU! (
future!n!sing!!
grammar!

fuse !!electrical!
device!
2
fuse !!part!of!bomb!
3

for(the(future(
in(future!Brit/in(the(
future!Am!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

future!nU!!sbs/sths!!
prospects!
future!adj!

future(tense!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!tense
!

gain!vIT!!watch/clock!

regain vT

gain!vIT!!increase!
gain!nCU!increase!
gain!nCU!!sth!gained!
!

gain(on!phr!v!

galaxy!nC!

gale!nC!

galactic!adj!
intergalactic!adj!
!

gallery(

gallery!nC!
art(gallery!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!art
gallon!nC!

gallon(

miles(per(gallon(

gallop(

game!nC!!sport,!etc!
game!nC!!match!
game!nC!!part!of!
match!
game!nC!!fun,!joke!
games!npl!
Olympic(Games!npl!
!

video(game!nC!!see!
also!@!video(

gallop!vI!
gallop!nCU!
gamble!vIT!
gamble!nC!
gambling!nU!
gambler!nC!
!

gamble(

game!nU!

big(game!nU((
fair(game!!see!also!@!
fair!
game(park!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!park

Gg(

gain(

gain!vIT!!get!sth!extra! !

galaxy(

gale(

game !!sport,!etc!

game !!wild!animals,!
birds,!etc!

X(

board(game!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!board
(

234!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

gang(

gang!nC!

gangster!nC!

gang(up((on)!phr!v!

gaol!!see!also!@!jail(

gaol/jail!nC!

gaol/jail!vT!

gap(

gap!nC!!hole!
gap!nC!!difference!

gap!nC!!time!

garage(

garage!nC!Brit!!petrol! garage!nC!!vehicle!
station!
repair!shop!
garbage!nU!Am!!
!
rubbish!

garbage(

garage!nC!!vehicle!
store!
!

gaoler/jailer!nC!
gaolbird/jailbird!nC!
bridge(a/the(gap!
idiom!!see!also!@!
1!
bridge
garage!vT!

garden(

gardener!nC!
gardening!nU!
garden!vI!

garden!nC!usu!pl!!park!

garlic(

garden!nC!esp!Brit!!
green!area!beside!
ones!house!for!
flowers,!etc!
!

garlic!nU!

garment(

garment!nC!formal!

garlic(bread!nU!!see!
also!@!bread(
!

garrison(

garrison!nC!

garrison!vT!

gas!nU!!substance!
gas!nU!!for!cooking,!
heating,!etc!

gas!nU!esp!Am!
gasoline!nU!esp!Am!
gas(station!nC!esp!

gas!vT!
gaseous!adj!
gassy!adj!
gas(mask!nC!!see!lso!
@!mask(
natural(gas!nU!!see!
1
also!@!nature /!
natural(
teargas!nU!!see!also!
2(
@!tear
gas(tank!nC!esp!Am!!
1(
see!also!@!tank

gas !!substance!that!
is!not!solid!or!liquid!

gas /gasoline(

garbage!nU!Am!!
nonsense!
garbage(man!nC!Am!!
3(
szee!also!@!man
!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

gasp(

Am!!see!also!@!
4(
station
!

gate(

gate!nC!!outside!
door,!etc!

gate!nC!!at!airport,!
etc!

gate;post!nC!!see!
3!
also!@!post

gateway!nC!!see!also!@!
3!
way

gather!vT!

gated!adj!
gatekeeper!nC!!see!
2
also!@!keep /keeper(
!

gather !!come!
together!
3
gather !!understand!

gather!vIT!

gathering!nC!!party,!
etc!
(

gauge(

gauge!nC!

gather!vT!!understand,!
hear!
!

gay!!homosexual!

gay!adj!

gay!nC!

gayness!nU!

gaze(

gaze!vI!

gaze!nCU!

gear!nC!

gearbox!nC!

gear !!equipment!

gear(up!phr!v!!prepare,!
get!ready!
gear!nU!

gem(

gem!nC!

gender(

gender!nCU!

gene!!see!also!@!
genetic(

gene!nC!
genetic!adj!

in(general(

genetically!adv!
genetics!nU!
genome!nC!
!

geneticist!nC!
genetically;modified!
adj!
generally(speaking(
the(general(public(
nU!!see!also!@!public(

generalize!vI!
generalization!nC!

generality!nC!
generalized!adj!

gather !!collect!sth!

gear !!engine!part!

general !!common,!
usual!

general!adj!!common! !
generally!adv!usually!
generally!adv!!by!
most!people!
2
general !!opp!specific! general!adj!!opp!
!
specific!
generally!adv!!not!
!

gasp!vI!

gasp!nC!

gauge!vT!

gear!nU!informal!!
clothing!
gemstone!nC!!see!
also!@!stone(
!

236!

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general !!military!
rank(
generate(

A1(

specifically!
!

B1(

general!nC!

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

generate!vT!!produce! !
electricity!
!
!

generator!nC!
generation!nU!
!

generation((age!
group!
generic(

generation!nC!

generate!vT!!make!
sth!
!

generic!adj!

generically!adv!

generous(

generous!adj!

genetics!!see!also!@!
gene(

genetic!adj!

generosity!nU!
generously!adv!
genetics!nU!
genetically!adv!

genius(

genocide(

genius!nC!
genius!nU!
!

genre(

gentleman!nC!!

gentle!adj!
gently!adv!
gentlemen/gents!n!
pl!!toilet!

gentle !!opp.!rough!
gentle /(gentleman/(
gentlewoman(

A2(

geneticist!nC!
genetically;modified!
adj!
!
!

genre!nC!

genocide!nU!!see!also!
@!suicide(
!

gentleness!nU!

gentlemanly!adj!
gentlemans(
agreement!nC!!see!
also!@!agree/(
agreement(
gentlefolk!n!pl!oldJ
fashioned!!see!also!
@!folk(
gentlewoman!nC!
gentility!nU!
gentry!n!pl!oldJ
fashioned!

generic!adj!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

genuine(

genuine(adj!

genuinely!adv!

geography(

geographically!adv!

geographer!nC!

geology(

geography!nU!
geographic/(
geographical!adj!
!

geometry(

geologist!nC!
geologically!adv!
!

germ(

germ!nC!!!

geology!nU!
geological!adj!
geometry!nU!
geometric/(geometrical!
adj!
!

gesture(

gesture!nC!

gesture!vIT!

get(

get!vT!!obtain,!buy,!
fetch,!etc!
get!vT!!receive!

get!vT!!answer!door,! !
phone,!etc!
get!vI!!have!the!
opportunity!to!do!sth!
get!vT!!receive!
punishment,!etc!

get!vT!!affect!
emotionally!
get!vT!!get!hit,!
injured,!etc!

get((phrasal!verbs,!
etc(

get!vT!!catch,!
capture,!etc!
get!vI/get(to!phr!v!!
reach!a!place,!time,!
etc!
get!vT!!catch!illness!
get!vIT!!become!
get!vT!cause,!prepare!
get!vT!!prepare!a!
meal!
get!vI!!move!
get!vT!!travel!by!sth!
get(to!phr!v!!reach!a!
place,!time,!etc!
get(sth(back!phr!v!!
retrieve!
get(better!!see!also!
@!better(
get(down!phr!v!!
descend!
get(in!phr!v!!enter!

get(back!phr!v!!
return!
get/take(down!phr!v!!
make!a!note!of!sth((
get(on(with(sth!phr!v!!
make!progress!with!
get(through!phr!v!!
talk!on!the!
telephone!

get(sth(across!phr!v!!
explain!
get(along(with!phr!v!!
like,!be!friends!
get(at(sth!phr!v!!
make!accessible!
get(at!phr!v!!imply,!
suggest!
get(away!phr!v!!

get(about!phr!v!!
travel!
get(ahead!phr!v!!
progress,!succeed!
get(at(sb!phr!v!!
criticize!
get(away!!exclam!
get(into(sth!phr!v!
become!interested!in!

germ;free!adj!!see!
also!@!free(
gesticulate!vI!formal!

238!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

get(off(sth!phr!v!!
alight!
get(sth(on!phr!v!!put!
clothes!on!
get(on((sth)!phr!v!!
board!
get(out!phr!v!!leave!
get(together!phr!v!!
meet!socially!
get;together!nC!!
social!meeting!
get(to!phr!v!!reach!
get(up!phr!v!!stand!
get((sb)(up!phr!v!!
waken;!get!out!of!
bed!
get(used(to(sth!!see!
also!@!used(

ghost(
!

B2(

escape,!leave!
get(away!phr!v!!for!a!
holiday!
get(away(with(sth!
phr!v!!avoid!
detection!
get(by(phr!v!!
manage,!cope!
get((down!phr!v!!
make!a!note!of!sth!
get(sb(down!phr!v!!
depress!sb!
get(in!phr!v!!arrive!
get(in/into!phr!v!!be!
selected,!elected!
get(in(touch!phr!v!!
1
see!also!@!touch !
get(off!phr!v!!avoid!
punishment!
get(on(with(sb!phr!v!
Brit!
like,!be!friends!
get((sb/sth)(out!phr!
v!!release!
get(out(of(sth!phr!v!!
avoid!
get(over(sth/sb!phr!v!!
recover!from!
get(round/around(to(
sth!phr!v!Brit!!do!sth!
after!a!delay!
get(through!phr!v!!
pass!exam,!etc!
ghost!nC!
!

C1(

C2(

X(

sth!
get(on!phr!v!informal!!
become!old!
get(over!phr!v!!
convey!message!
get(around/round!
phr!v!!avoid,!
overcome!a!problem!
get(through!phr!v!!
finish!sth!
get(through((to(sb)!
phr!v!!make!sb!
understand!
get(up(to!phr!v!!reach!
get(up(to(sth!phr!v!!
become!involved!in!
sth!

ghostly!adj!

239!

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A2(

B1(

giant!!see!also!@!
gigantic(
1
gift !!present;!!see!
also!@!give(
2
gift !nC!!ablity,!talent!

gift!nC!

gig(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

giant!nC!
giant!adj!
!

gift!nC!
gifted!adj!
gig!nC!

gigantic!!see!also!@!
giant(
giggle(

gigantic!adj!

ginger(

giggle!vI!
giggle!nC!
ginger!nU!
ginger!adj!!taste!
ginger!adj!!colour!

giraffe(

giraffe!nC!

girl(

girl!nC!!young!
female,!young!
woman!

girl!nC!!daughter!
girl!nC!!female!
worker!

girlfriend!nC!!see!
also!@!friend(
schoolgirl!nC!!see!
also!@!school(

choirgirl!nC!!see!also!@!
choir(

give!vT!!present,!gift,!
etc!

give!vT!!pay!
gift!nC!!present!

give!!see!also!@!gift

1!

gingerly!adv!!
cautiously!
gingerbread!nU!!see!
also!@!bread(
ginger(ale/beer!nU!!
see!also!@!ale,(beer(
!
girlish!adj!
girlie/girly!adj!
informal!
girl;band!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!band
Girl(Friday!nC!
bachelor(girl!nC!!see!
also!@!bachelor(
give!vT!!time,!
chance,!etc!
give!vT!!illness,!
reputation,!etc!
give!vT!!inform!!
news,!time,!etc!
give!vT!!give!a!

240!

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A1(

give((phrasal!verbs,!
etc(

given(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

speech,!
performance,!etc!
give!vT!!instructions,!
directions,!orders,!
etc!
give(over!phr!v!!stop!
doing!sth!

give(in/up!phr!v!!
surrender!
give(up!phr!v!!stop!
doing!sth!
!

give(away!phr!v!!
reveal!secret,!etc!
give(away!phr!v!!give!
sb!sth!without!
payment!

give(back!phr!v!!
return!sth!
give(in!phr!v!!hand!in!
sth!!found!
give(out!phr!v!!
distribute!
give(way!phr!v!!allow!
sb!to!do!sth!
!

given!adj!!particular!

given!nC!

glad(

glad!adj!

gladly!adv!

gladden!vT!

glamour/glamor(

glance(

glance!vI!

glance!nC!

glamour!nU!Brit/!
glamor!nU!Am!
glamorous!adj!
!

gland(

gland!nC!

at(a(glance(
at(first(glance(
glandular!adj!

glare(

glare!vI!

glare!nC!

glaring!adj!

glass!nU!
glass!adj!

plate;glass!nU!!see!
also!@!plate(
glaze!nU!
glaze!vIT!
glazed!adj!
glazier!nC!
glassy!adj!
double;glazing!nU!!
see!also!@!double(
stained(glass!nU!!see!

glass !/glaze(
material!

241!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

glass !!container,!
drinking!vessel!
glasses!!

glass!nC!

glasses!n!pl!

gleam(

gleam!vI!

glide(

glimpse(

glitter(

globe(

global!adj!!wholeL
world!

glimpse!nC!
glimpse!vT!
glitter!vI!
glitter!nU!
globe!nC!

gloom(

glory(

gloss(

glove(

glow(

C2(

X(

also!@!stain(
a(glass(of(water,(
milk,(etc(
sunglasses!n!pl!!see!also! !
@!sun(
gleam!nC!
!
gleaming!adj!
glide!vI!
hang(glider!nC!
glider!nC!
!
catch(a(glimpse(of(
sb/sth(
!
glittering!adj!
!

global(warming!nU!!see!
also!@!warm/warming(

glory!nU!

gloom!nU!!misery,!
despair,!etc!
gloomy!adj!
glorious!adj!

glove!nC!

gloss!nU!!shine!
glossy!adj!
!

glow!vI!
glow!nU!

glowing!adj!

global!adj!!general,!
broad!
globally!adv!
globalization!nU!
!

glory(in(phr!v!
glorify!vT!
glorified!adj!
glorification!nU!
!
gloved!adj!
velvet(glove!nC!!see!
also!@!velvet(
handle/treat(sb(with(
kid(gloves!!see!also!
2(
@!kid
!

242!

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A1(

A2(

glue(

go(

go!vI!!travel!
go!vI!!move!
somewhere!
go!vI!!leave!

go!vI!!become!ill,!
mad,!emotional,!etc!
go!vI!!function,!work,!
operate,!etc!

go!!phrasal!verbs,!etc!

going(to(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

glue!nCU!
glue!vT!
go!nC!!attempt!

go(away!phr!v!!leave!
go(back!phr!v!!return!
go(by!phr!v!!pass!
go(down!phr!v!!
descend!
go(down!phr!v!!
reduce,!get!worse!
go(in/into!phr!v!!
enter!
go(off!phr!v!!stop!
functioning!
go(off!phr!v!!explode!
go(out/outside!phr!v!!
leave!a!building,!etc!
go(out!phr!v!!stop!
burning,!be!switched!
off,!etc!
go(out!phr!v!!go!
socializing!
go(under!phr!v!!sink!
go(up!phr!v!!increase!

go(down!phr!v!!travel!
along!road,!etc!
go(for(sth!phr!v!!go!
somewhere!to!do!sth!
go(off!phr!v!!go!
somewhere!suddenly!
go(off!phr!v!Brit!!
decay!
go(on!phr!v!!happen!
go(on!phr!v!!continue!
go(with(sth!phr!v!!
match,!suit,!etc!

go(over/through(sth!
phr!v!!scrutinize!sth!
go(round!phr!v!!tour,!
explore,!etc!
go(through(sth!phr!v!!
experience!sth!
unpleasant!
go(through(sth!phr!v!!
consume,!complete!

go(away!phr!v!!go!on!
holiday!
go(away!phr!v!!
disappear,!vanish,!etc!

be(going(to!!intend!
be(going(to!!expect!

go!nU!informal!!
energy,!drive!
on(the(go(
to(go!!remaining!
time,!distance,!etc!
go(about!phr!v!!do,!
manage!
go(after!phr!v!!
follow,!chase,!etc!
go(against!phr!v!!
oppose!
go(ahead!phr!v!!
proceed,!happen!
go(ahead!phr!
v/exclam!!
informal!!of!course!
go(along!phr!v!Brit!!
visit!
go(along(with!phr!v!!
agree!
go(around/round!
phr!v!!walk!around!
go(round!phr!
v/enough(to(go(
round!!sufficient!
go(back(on!phr!v!!
renege!
go;between!nC!
go(by!phr!v!!judge!by!
outgoing!adj!
!

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1

goal !!sport!

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

goalkeeper!nC!!see!
!
2
also!@!keep /keeper(

goal !!aim,!ambition!

goal!!nC!!score,!
point,!etc!
goal!n!sing!!area!of!
sports!field!
!

goal!nC!

goat(

goat!nC!

god/goddess(

god!nCU!

goddess!nCU!

gold(

golden!adj!!special!

goldfish!nC!!see!also!@!
fish(
goldsmith!nC!

golf(

gold!nU!!metal!
gold!nU!!colour!
gold!adj!!made!of!
gold/!colour!
golden!adj!!made!of!
gold/colour!
golf!nU!
golfer!nC!

X(

goalless!adj!
goalie!nC!informal!
goalpost!nC!!see!also!
3!
@!post
move(the(goalposts!!
3!
see!also!@!post
!
godliness!nU!
godly!adj!
ungodly!neg!adj!
godfather!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!father
godmother!nC!!see!
also!@!mother(
goddaughter!nC!!see!
also!@!daughter(
godson!nC!!see!also!
@!son(
godchild!nC!!see!also!
@!child/children(
gold(medal!nC!!see!
also!@!medal(
gold(mine!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!mine
!
golfing!nU/adj!
golf(club!nC!!see!also!
1
@!club !
golfclub!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!club
golf(course!nC!!see!
5(
also!@!course

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A1(

A2(

good!adj!!
satisfactory,!pleasing!
good!adj!!good!
quality!
good!adj!!successful,!
skilled!at!
good!adj!!kind!
good!adj!!positive,!
encouraging!
good!adj!!wellL
behaved!
good!adj!!morally!
right!
no(good!!low!quality!
!

good!/very(good!!!
exclam!
good(name!!
reputation;!!see!also!
@!name(
!

be(good(at(
good!nU!!morality!
goodness!!exclam!
good;looking!adj!!
2!
see!also!@!look

good !!greeting!

goodbye(

bye(

goodwill(

goods(

good !!opp.!bad!

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

goodness!nU!

goodwill!nU!!see!also! !
2!
@!will
good;tempered!adj!!
see!also!@!temper(

be(a(good(job/thing,(
etc(
good(for(you!!!
exclam!!
congratulations!
good(heavens/grief/(
god,(etc!!exclam!
good(riddance!!!!
exclam!!see!also!@!
rid(
the(great(and(the(
good!!see!also!@!
1!
great

good!nU!

good(morning(
good(afternoon(
good(evening(
good(night(
have(a(good(
day/time,(etc(
!

be(good(for(sb/sth(
do(sb(good(
what(good(is(?(
good(day!Aust!

goods!n!pl!

goodwill!nU!!see!also! !
2!
@!will
!
!

goose/geese(

goose!nC!

gorgeous(

gorgeous!adj!

goods(train!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!train
goose(pimple!nC!
Brit/!goose(bump!nC!
Am!
gorgeously!adv!

gosh!(

gosh!!!exclam!
informal!

good !!advantage,!
benefit!
3

245!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

gospel(

gospel!!nC!

gossip(

got(to/have(got(to!!
see!also!@!must(
govern(

have(got(to!modal!

gossip!nU!
gossip!nC!!sb!who!
gossips!
gossip!vI!
!

gospel((truth!nU!!see!
also!@!truth(
!

government!nCU!

govern!vIT!!rule!
!
governor!nC!
local(government!
nCU!!see!also!@!local(

governing!adj!
governmental!adj!

gown(

gown!nC!

nightgown!nC!

grab(

grab!vIT!!take!hold!of!

grace(

grace!nU!!elegance!

graceful!adj!
gracious!adj!

disgrace!nU!
disgraceful!neg!adj!

governance!nU!
governing(
body/board!nC!
self;governing!adj(
self;government!nU!!
see!also!@!self(
ballroom(gown!nC!!
see!also!@!
2
ball /ballroom(
dressing(gown!nC!!
2!
see!also!@!dress
evening(gown!nC!!
see!also!@!evening(
grab!vT!informal!!
chance,!etc!
grab!nC!
smash;and;grab(raid!
nC!Brit!!see!also!@!
smash,(raid(
gracefully!adv!
gracefulness!nU!
graceless!adj!
graciously!adv!
grace!vT!formal!
!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

disgrace!vT!
in(disgrace(
degrade!vT!
degradation!nU!

X(

grade!nC!

grade !!assess!
students!work!
3
grade !!class!at!
school!
gradual(

grade(!nC!Am!

grade!nC!
grade!vT!
!

grade!vIT!
upgrade!vT!
upgrade!nC!
!

grading!nU!
downgrade!vT!
make(the(grade(
grader!nC!
grading!nU!
!

graduate(

graduation!nU!
postgraduate!nC/adj!

graduate!adj!

grain(

gradual!adj!
gradually!adv!
graduate!nC!Brit!!sb!
with!university!
degree!
graduate!vI!Brit!!
complete!university!
graduate!nC!Am!sb!
completing!school,!
university,!etc!
graduate!vIT!Am!!
complete!school,!
university,!etc!
undergraduate!
nC/adj!
grain!nCU!!cereal!

grain!nC!!small!piece!

granule!nC!

gram/gramme(

gram/gramme!nC!
kilogram/(

granular!adj(
grain(of(truth!nC!!see!
also!@!truth(
wholegrain!nU!!see!
also!@!whole(
take(sth(with(a(grain(
of(salt!!see!also!@!
salt(
milligram/(
milligramme!nC!

grade !!level!of!
quality!

247!

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grammar(

gramophone!!see!
2(
also!@!phone
1!
grand

grand /grand;(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

kilogramme!nC!
!

grammar!nU!

grammatical!adj!

grand!adj!!important,! !
very!good!

gramophone!nC!oldJ
fashioned!
!

granddad/grandad!
(
nC!informal!!see!also!
@!dad(
(grandchild!nC!!see!
also!@!child/(
children(
granddaughter!nC!!
see!also!@!daughter(
grandfather!nC!!see!
also!@!father(
grandma!nC!informal!!
see!also!@!ma(
grandmother!nC!!see!
also!@!mother(
grandpa!nC!informal!!
see!also!@!pa(
grandparent!nC!!see!
also!@!parent(

gran/granny!nC!
informal!
great;grandfather!nC!!
see!also!@!father,(
great;(
great;grandmother!nC!!
see!also!@!mother,(
great;!

grandeur!nU!

X(

grammatically!adv!
grammarian!nC!
grammar(school!nC!!
see!also!@!school(
!
grand!adj!!final,!
complete!
grandly!adv!
grandness!nU!
grand(piano!nC!!see!
also!@!piano(
grand(slam!nC!
grand(total!nC!!see!
also!@!total!
!

248!

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grandeur!!see!also!@!
grand(
granite(
1

grant !!give,!allow!

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

grandson!nC!!see!
also!@!son(
!

grandeur!nU!

granite!nU!

grant!vT!!give,!allow!

grant!vT!

grant(a(wish!!see!
also!@!wish(
take(sb/sth(for(
granted(
granular!adj!

grant !!!accept,!agree! !
to!
granule!!!see!also!@! !
grain(
grape(
!

grant!nC!!money!for!
sth:!scholarship,!etc!
!

granule!nC!

grape!nC!

graph(

graph!nC!

graphics!n!pl!

graphic!!vivid!

graphic!adj!

graphical!adj!
graphic!adj!
!

grasp(

grasp!vT!!grip!firmly!

grass!!see!also!@!
!
graze

!
!

grass!nU!
grassy!adj!

grasp!vT!!
comprehend!
grasp!nU!
!

grateful(

grateful!adj!

grave!nC!

grave !!serious!

grave!adj!

graveyard!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!yard
gravely!adv!

gravel(

gravel!nU!

grave !!burial!

X(

grapevine!nC!!see!
also!@!vine(
!
graphically!adv!

graze!vIT!
grazing!adj!
grazing!nU!
grassland!nCU!!see!also!
1!
@!land
gratitude!nU!

grasshopper!nC!!see!
also!@!hop(
grass(snake!nC!!see!
also!@!snake(
gratefully!adv!
ungrateful!neg!adj!
ingratitude!nU!
gravestone!nC!!see!
also!@!stone(
gravity!nU!!
seriousness!
gravelly!adj!

249!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

gravity(

gravity!nU!

gravitational!adj!

gravy(

gravy!nU!

gray/grey(

gray!adj!Am/grey!adj!
Brit!
gray!nU!Am/grey!nU!
Brit!

graze !see!also!@!
grass(

grease(

great!adj!!very!good!
greatly!adv!formal!
great!!!exclam!

great!adj/adv!
informal!!emphasis!
greatness!nU!

graze!vIT!
grazing!adj!
grazing!nU!
grease!nU!
grease!vT!
greased!adj!
greasy!adj!
!

gravy(boat!nC!
gravy(train!nC!
informal!!see!also!
1!
@train
greying!adj!Brit/!
grayng!adj!Am!
greyish!adj!Brit/!
grayish!adj!Am!
greyness!nU!Brit/!
grayness!!nU!Am!
grey/gray(area!nC!!
see!also!@!area(
(

great !!very!good,!
large,!etc!

great /great;;!!family

great!adj!!
(
more/larger!than!
usual!
great!adj!!famous,!
successful,!important!
!
!

great;grandfather!nC!!
see!also!@!father,(
grandfather(
great;grandmother!nC!!
see!also!@!mother,(
grandmother(
great;granddaughter!
nC!!see!also!@!
daughter,(

elbow(grease!nU!!
see!also!@!elbow(

great/the(great!nU!
the(great(and(the(
good!nU!!see!also!@!
1!
good
great;aunt!nC!!see!
also!@!aunt(
great;uncle!nC!!see!
also!@!uncle(

250!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

granddaughter(
great;grandson!nC!!see!
also!@!son,(grandson(
greed!nU!
greedy!adj!
!

greed(

green(

green!adj!!colour!
green!nU!!colour!

green!adj!!ecological!
greengrocer!nC!
vegetable!seller!!!see!
also!@!grocer(
greengrocer/(
greengrocers!!shop((
see!also!@!grocer!

greenhouse!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!house

greet!

greet!vT!

greeting!nCU!

grey/gray(

grey!adj!Brit/gray!adj! !
Am!
grey!nU!Brit/gray!nU!
Am!

grid(

grid!nCU!

grief(

grief!nU!

grieve!vIT!

grill((cook!

grill!vIT!
grilled!adj!

grill!nC!Brit!!part!of!
cooker!
grill!nC!!grilled!meat!

X(

greedily!adv!
green!adj!!unripe!
green!adj!!
inexperienced!
greenish!adj!
greenery!nU!
green(belt!nC!!see!
also!@!belt(
green(light!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!light
evergreen!adj!
!
greying!adj!Brit/!
grayng!adj!Am!
greyish!adj!Brit/!
grayish!adj!Am!
greyness!nU!Brit/!
grayness!!nU!Am!
grey/gray(area!nC!!
see!also!@!area(
gridlock!nU!!see!also!
@!lock(
grievance!nC!
grieving!adj!
come(to(grief(
good(grief!!exclam!
!

251!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

grim(

grim!adj!

grimly!adv!

grin(

grin!vI!

grin(and(bear(it(

grind(

grin!nC!
grinning!adj!
grind!vT!!crush!

grip(

grip!nC!

grip!vT!

grip!n!sing!!control(

groan(

grocer(

grocer!nC!
grocery!nC!
Brit/grocery(store!nC!
Am!!see!also!@!
2(
store
greengrocer!nC!
vegetable!seller!!!see!
also!@!grocer(
greengrocer/(
greengrocers!!shop((
see!also!@!grocer!

groceries!n!pl!

groan!vI!
groan!nC!
!

grind!vT!!oppress!
grind!vT!!sharpen!
grind!nU!informal!!
hard!work!
grinder!nC!
grinding!nU!
grinding!adj!
ground!adj!
grind(out(phr!v!!
produce!
grindstone!nC!!see!
also!@!stone(
gripping!adj!
come/get(to(grips(
with(sth(
hairgrip!nC!Brit!!see!
also!@!hair(
groaning!nU!

252!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

groom(

groove(

bridegroom!nC!!see!also! groom!nC!!
@!bride(
bridegroom!
groove!nC!!(
groovy!adj!informal!

gross!!total;!opp!net!

gross!adj!

gross!vIT!

ground!nU!!surface!
of!the!Earth!
ground!nU!!soil!

ground(floor!nC!Brit!

underground!adj!
underground!nC!!
railway;!metro!

ground!vIT!

grounds!n!pl!
playground!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!play
ground!nC!!sports!
pitch,!stadium!
sports(ground!nC!!
see!also!@!sport(
!

groundwater!nU!!see!
also!@!water(
aground!adj/adv!
break(fresh/new(
ground(
gain(ground(
get(off(the(ground(
burial(ground!nC!!see!
also!@!bury/burial(

grounds!n!
pl/grounds(for((

ground !!see!@!grind( !

group(

group!nC!!people/!
things!

group!nC!!band!of!
musicians!

group!vT!
grouping!nC!

grove(

grove!nC!

grow(

grow!vI!!become!
bigger,!taller,!etc!
grow!vI!!increase!

grow(up!phr!v!!
become!adult!

grow!vI!!become!

grower!nC!
grown;up!nC!!adult!
grown;up!adj!

ground !!surface!of!
the!Earth!

ground /grounds!!
land!surrounding!
building!

ground /grounds!!
reason!

ground!vT!usu!
passive!
on(the(grounds(
that/of(
groundless!neg!adj!
ground!adj!
groupie!nC!informal!
pressure(group!nC!!
1
see!also!@!press /(
pressure(
!
grow(into(sb/sth!phr!
v!
grow(on!phr!v!!

253!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

grow!vT!!produce!
plants,!crops,!etc!
growing!adj!
growth!nU!!
becoming!bigger,!
taller,!etc!
growth!nU!!increase!

develop!a!liking!for!
sb/sth!
grow(out(of(sth!phr!v!
grown!adj!
growth!nC!!hair,!
tumour,!etc!
outgrowth!nC!
overgrown!adj!
undergrowth!nU!
!

growl(

grunt(

guarantee(

guard(

guard!nC!

guarantee!nC!!
warranty!
guarantee!vT!!
promise!
guarantee!vT!!give!
warranty!
!

guard!vT!
guard!nC!Brit!!train!
official,!conductor!
guard!nC!!device!

guardian!nC!

guerrilla(

guerrilla!nC/adj!

bodyguard!nC!!see!also!
@!body(
safeguard!vT!!see!also!
1!
@!safe
safeguard!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!safe
!

guess(

guess!vT!

guess!nC!

guerrilla(warfare!nU!!
see!also!@!war/(
warfare(
guess(what?!exclam!

guest(

guest!nC!!personal!
guest!
guest!nC!!in!hotal,!
etc!

be(my(guest!!exclam!

growl!vI!
growl!nC!
grunt!vIT!
grunt!nC!
!

X(

!
guaranteed!adj(
guarantor!nC!

be(on(guard(
be(on/off(your(guard(
guard(against!phr!v!
guardianship!nU!
guarded!adj!

254!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

guest(house!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!house
guide!nC!!book!
guide!nC!!assistance!
tour/tourist(guide!
nC!!see!also!@!tour(
guide!vT!!assist,!
show!sb!how!to!do!
sth!
guide!vT!!give!a!tour!
guidebook!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!book
!

guide!nC!!tourist!
book!
guide!nC!!person!
guide!vT!!lead,!show!
the!way!
guidance!nU!
guideline!nC!usu!pl!!
1!
see!also!@!line
guided!adj!

guiding!adj!

Girl(Guide!nC!Brit!
guide(dog!nC!!see!
also!@!dog(
misguided!!neg!adj!

guild!nC!

!
guiltily!adv!
guilty(conscience!
nCU!!see!also!@!
conscience(
!

guide(

guild(

guilty(

guilty!adj!opp!
innocent!
guilty!adj!!feeling!

guilt!nU!!opp!
innocence!
guilt!nU!!feeling!

guitar(

guitar!nC!

guitarist!nC!

gulf(

gulf!nC!!large!bay!

gum!nC!

gulf!nC!!emotional!
distance!
engulf!vT!
!

gum !!chewing!gum!

gun(

gun!nC!

gunfire!nU!!see!also!
2!
@!fire

gum!nU!
!
chewing(gum!nU!!see!
also!@!chew(
!
machine(gun!nC!!see!
also!@!machine(

gunman!nC!!see!also!@!
3!
man
shotgun!nC!!see!also!@!
1(
shot

gun(down!phr!v!
gunner!nC!
gunpoint!n!sing/at(
gunpoint!!see!also!@!
4(
point
gunpowder!nU!!see!
also!@!powder(
staple(gun!nC!!see!

gum !!body!part!

255!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

gut(

gutter(

guy(

gym(

Hh(

ha!(

C1(

C2(

X(

also!@!staple(
stun(gun!nC!!see!also!
@!stun(
gut!adj!
gut!vT!
hate(sbs(guts(

gut!nC/guts!n!pl!!
intestine!
guts!n!pl!informal!!
courage!
!

gutter!nC!

guttering!nU!

guy!nC!informal!

gym!nC!!room,!
building!
gymnasium!nC!

gym!nU!!gymnastics!
gymnastics!nU!

gymnast!nC!

ha!!!exclam!

habit(

habit!nC!

habitat(

habitual!adj(
habitually!adv!
do(sth(by/out(of(
habit(
fall/get(out(of(the(
habit(
in(the(habit(of(
!

habitat!nC!

hack!vIT!

hail!vT!!acclaim!

hacksaw!nC!!see!also!
@!saw(
hack(through!phr!v!
hack!vIT/hack(into!phr!v! hacking!nU!
hacker!nC!
!
hail!vT!!taxi,!etc!

hail!nU!

hack !!chop!

hack !!computer!
hail !!call!out!
hail !!weather!
!

hail!vI!
hailstone!nC!!see!

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hair(

half !!50%,!!

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

hair!nCU!
(

(
hairdryer/hairdryer!
nC!!see!also!@!
dry/drier(

(
haircut!nCU!!see!also!
@!cut(

!
!

(
hairbrush!nC!!see!
also!@!brush(

hairy!adj!
hairdresser!nC!!see!also!
3!
@!dress
hairstyle!nC!!see!also!@!
3
style !
!

half!adj!
half/halves!nC!

half(past(

half(hour!nC/half(an(
hour!!see!also!@!
hour(
in(half!

half!adv!
halfway!adv!
halve!vT!!divide!
halve!vT!!cut!in!half;!
reduce!by!half!

X(

also!@!stone(
hailstorm!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!storm
hairline!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!line
hairpiece!nC!!see!
also!@!piece(
hairpin!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!pin
split(hairs!idiom/!
hair;splitting!adj!!see!
(
also!@!split
hairspray!nU!!see!
(
also!@!spray
red;haired!adj!!see!
also!@!red(
get(in(sbs(hair(
make(ones(hair(
stand(on(end(
not(turn(a(hair(
hairgrip!nC!Brit!!see!
also!@!grip(
halfway!adj/adv!!see!
1(
also!@!way
half;price!adj/adv!!
see!also!@!price(
go(halves(
half;baked!adj!
informal!!see!also!@!
bake/baked!
half;brother/sister!
nC!!see!also!@!
brother/sister(
half;hearted!adj!!see!

257!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(
1(

half !!part!of!a!sports!
match!
1
hall !!corridor!

hall!nC!

hall !!large!room,!
building!

hallo!!see!also!@!
hello(
halt(

also!@!heart
half;term!nC!Brit!!see!
2(
also!@!term
half;time!nU(
(
!

half!nC!
first;/second;half!nC!
!

hallway!nC!!(

hall!nC!
town(hall!nC!!see!
also!@!town(
city(hall!nC!esp!Am!!
see!also!@!city(

hallo!exclamBrit!

hall(of(residence!nC!Brit!! lecture(hall!nC!!see!
see!also!@!reside/(
also!@!lecture(
residence,(dormitory(
concert(hall!nC!!see!
also!@!concert(
banqueting(hall!nC!!
see!also!@!banquet(
!
!

halt!vIT!

halt!nC!

ham(

ham!nU!

hamburger!!see!also!
@!burger(
hammer(

hamburger!nC!
burger!nC!
!

hammer!nC!
hammer!vIT!

hamper(

hamper!vT!

hammer(away(at!phr!
v!
hammer(out!phr!v!
hammer(home(
hammering!nU!
!

hand!nC!!body!part!

hand!vT!
shake(hands!!see!
also!@!shake(
(

hand(in!vT!!submit!
hand(on!phr!v!
hand((sth)(out!phr!v!!
distribute!
handbag!nC!!see!also!
@!bag(
hand(baggage/(
luggage!nU!!see!also!

hand(sth(over!phr!v(
handful!nC!Brit!!sth!
held!in!one!hand!
handful!nC!!a!small!
number!

hand!nC!!of!watch,!
clock,!gauge,!etc!
handbook!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!book
handshake!nC!!see!
also!@!shake(
handwriting!nU!!see!
also!@!write(

handcuff!nC!usu!pl!!see!
also!@!cuff(
handout!nC!

hand !!body!part!

hold(hands(
at(hand(
by(hand(
change(hands(
get(out(of(hand(
hand(around/round!
phr!v!
hand(back!phr!v!

258!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

;hand/left;
hand/right;hand(
(side)(

@!bag/(baggage,(
luggage(
hand;held!adj!
on(the(one(hand/on(
the(other(hand(
!
;handed/left;
handed/(right;
handed!adj!

hand !!person!

handicap(

handkerchief(
handle(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

handcuff!vT!!see!also!
@!cuff(
hand(down!phr!v!
hand(in(hand(
hands;(on!adj!
handwritten!adj!!see!
also!@!write(
have(ones(hands(
full(
in(sbs(hands(
in(hand(
join(hands(
lay(ones(hands(on(
sth(
give/lend(a(hand(
off(ones(hands(
on(hand(
out(of(hand(
take/have(a(hand(in(
sth(
wash(ones(hands(of(
sth(

;hand/first;hand/(
secondhand!adj!

hand!nC!!person!on!a!
ship!

handicapped!adj!

handicap!nC!
handicap!vT!
!

hand!nC!!worker!
deckhand!nC!!see!
also!@!deck(
farmhand!nC!!see!
also!@!farm(
old(hand!nC!
!

handkerchief!nC!

hanky/hankie(!nC!

handle!vT!

handle!nC!

handling!nU!

handler!nC!
handlebar!nC!
manhandle!vT!!see!

259!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(
2(

also!@!man
handsome!adj!!
generous!
handsomely!adv!!
generously!
handwritten!adj!

handsome(

handsome!adj!!goodL
looking!

handwriting!!see!
1
also!@!hand ,(write(
handy(

handwriting!nU!

handy!adj!!nearby!

handy!adj!!useful,!
practical!

hang!vIT!!suspend!

hang!vT!!suspend!
wallpaper,!picture,!
etc!
hang(on!phr!v!
informal!!wait,!delay!

hang(up!phr!v!!end!
phone!call!

hang(back!phr!v!!
hesitate!

hang !!execute!by!
hanging!

hang(around!phr!v!!
wait!
hang(on!phr!v!!!hold!
tight!
hang(on(to!phr!v!!
retain!
!

hang!vT!

happen(

happen!vI!

happening!nC!

happy(

happy!adj!!glad(

happiness!nU!

happily!adv!
unhappiness!nU!
unhappily!neg!adv!

harass(

happy(!!greeting,!
congratulations:!!
happy(birthday!((
happy(Christmas!(
etc(
unhappy!neg!adj!
!

hanging!nC!
hangman!nC!!see!
3!
also!@!man
happen(on!phr!v!!
find!by!chance!
as(it(happens(
happy(to(do(sth(

harassment!nU!

harass!vT!

harbour!nC!Brit/!
harbor!nC!Am!

hang !!suspend!

harbour/harbor !!
port!
!

handyman!nC!!see!
3!
also!@!man
come(in(handy(
handiwork!nU!!see!
2(
also!@!work
hang(out!phr!v!
informal!!idle!
overhang!vT!
overhang!nC!
overhanging!adj!

260!

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A1(
2

harbour/harbor !!
conceal!sb/sth!bad!
1
hard !!firm,!not!soft!

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

hard(!adj!

harden!vIT!

hard !!difficult,!etc!

hard!adv!!with!great!
effort!

hard!adj!!difficult!

hardly(

hardware!!see!also!
@!software(
hare(

hardly!adv!!only!just!
hardly!adv!!almost!
never!
!

harm(

harmony(

harsh(

harvest(

C2(

X(

harbour!vT!Brit/!harbor!
vT!Am!
hardness!nU!

hardship!nCU!

hard;working!adj!!see!
also!@!work/working(

hardly!adv!!unlikely!

hard!adj!!harsh!
be(hard(on(sb(
hard!adj!!intensely,!
profusely!!rain,!etc!
hardly(.(
when/before(

hardware!nU!!
computer!
!

hare!nC!

harmful!adj!

harmless!neg!adj!

harm!nU!
harm!vT!
(

harmonious!adj!

harsh!adj!!cruel!

harmony!nU!!
pleasant!
combination!
!

harvest!nCU!
harvest!vT!

haste(

hat(

hat!nC!

haste!nU!
hasty!adj!
hastily!adv!
hasten!vT!
!

hatch!vI!

hatch!nC!

hatch !!lid/door!on!
!

harshly!adj!

hardware!nU!!metal!
things!for!the!home!
hare!vI!
harmlessly!neg!adv!
come(to((no)(harm(
harmonize!vT!
in(harmony(with(
harmoniously!adv!
harsh!adj!!
unpleasant,!loud,!etc!
harsh!adj!!extreme!!
weather,!etc!
harshness!nU!
harvest!nU!!
consequences!
harvester!nC!
in(haste(

talk(through(ones(
hat!idiom!
hatchback!nC/adj!

261!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

ship,!etc!
2
hatch !!emerge!from!
egg!

hatch!vIT!
hatch(out!phr!v!

hate(

hate!vIT!

hate!nCU!

hatred!nU!

haul(

haul!vT!

haunt(

haunt!vT!occupy!by!
ghost!

have!aux!

!
hatchery!nC(
hatch!vT!!fig:!!make!a!
plan,!plot!
hateful!adj!
hated!adj!
haul!!nC!
haulage!nU!
haunt!vT!!worry!
haunt!nC!!place!
regularly!visited!
haunted!adj!
!

have!vT!!own,!
possess!
have!vT!!food,!drink!

have !!phrases!&!
phrasal!verbs!

have((got)(to(do(sth!!
must!

have!vT/have(got!!
!
illness!
have!vT!!receive,!buy!
have!vT!!experience!
have!vT!!give!birth!
have((got)(sth(on!phr! have(got!phr!v!!
v!!wear!
possess!

haven(

haven!nC!

have(sb(do(sth(
have(sth(done(
have(had(it(
!

havoc(

havoc!nU!

hawk(

hawk!nC!!bird!

hay(

hay!nU!

play/wreak(havoc(
with(sth(
hawk!nC!!aggressive!
person!
hawkish!adj!
haystack!nC!

hazard(

hazard!nC!

hazardous!adj!

hazardously!adv!

haze(

haze!nU!

hazy!adj!

have !!aux!
have !!own,!possess!

262!

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he(
1

head !!body!part(

head !!move!in!a!
particular!direction!

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

he!pron!!male!

he!pron!!person!of!
unknown/either!sex!
heady!adj!
(

head!nC!!body!part(

head!n!sing!!mind!
head!nC!!top!of!sth!
head!vT!!hit!with!
head!

head!nC!!person,!
animal,!etc!
!

heading!nC!!title!
headline!nC!
!

overhead!adj/adv!

headache!nC!!see!
also!@!ache(
(

forehead!nC!!see!
also!@!fore/fore;(

headphone!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!phone
!

headlight!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!light

head!vIT!

X(

!
headlong!adj!!head!
first!
headlong!adj!!rash,!
hasty!
head;on!adj!
headroom!nU!!see!
2(
also!@!room
headstrong!adj!!see!
also!@!strong(
hothead!nC!!see!also!
3(
@!head
redhead!nC/!
redheaded!adj!!see!
also!@!red(
above/over(ones(
head!!!
go(to(ones(head(
hang(ones(head((in(
shame)(
head(over(heels((in(
love)(
keep(ones(head(
lose(ones(head(
put(ones(heads(
together(
turn(sbs(head(
use(ones(head(
head(for(sth/(
somewhere!phr!v!
heading!nC!
headway!n!sing/!
make(headway!see!

263!

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3

A1(

A2(

C2(

X(
3(

heal!vIT!

unhealthy!neg!adj!

heap!nC!

heap!vI/heap(up!phr!v!

hear!vIT!!detect!
sound!

hear!vIT!!be!told!

hear(from(sb!phr!v!!
receive!letter/phone!
call!
hearing!nU!!ability!

heart!nC!!body!part!

heart!nCU!!emotion!
heart!nC!!centre!

learn((off)(by(heart!

heart(attack!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!attack

kind;hearted!adj!!see!
2!
also!@!kind
sweetheart!nC/!exclam!!
1(
see!also!@!sweet

healing!nU!
healing!adj!
healer!nC!
unhealthily!neg!adv!
be(good/bad(for(
ones(health(
be(in(good/poor(
health(
drink((to)(sbs(health(
health(food!nCU!!see!
also!@!food(
heap(sth(on/upon(sb(
compost(heap!nC!
Brit!see!also!@!
compost(
hear(about/of!phr!v!
hearing!nC!!official!
inquiry!
overhear!vT!
overheard!adj!
hearsay!nU!!see!also!
@!say(
heart!nC!!shape!
heart!nU!!
enthusiasm,!etc!
at(heart(
break(sbs(heart(
heartbreak!nU/!

headquarters/HQ!!
see!also!@!quarters(
heal(

head!vT!!lead!
head!vT!!be!at!top!of!
sth!
!

health(

health!nU!

heap(

hear(

C1(

headmaster!nC!Brit!
headmistress!nC!Brit!
headteacher!nC!Brit!
!

B2(

also!@!way
head!adj!

head !!person!in!
charge!

heart !!body!part,!
centre!

B1(

headquarters!n!pl!
HQ!abbrev!
!

healthy!adj!!opp!ill!
healthy!adj!!good!for!
ones!health!

264!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

heart;broken!adj!!
see!also!@!break(
broken;hearted!adj!!
1(
see!also!@!break
from(the(bottom(of(
ones(heart(
heartburn!nU!!see!
also!@!burn(
have(ones(heart(in(
ones(mouth(
half;hearted!adj!!see!
1(
also!@!half
to(ones(hearts(
content!!see!also!@!
2(
content
in(ones(heart(of(
hearts(
take/lose(heart(
set(ones(heart(onb(
sth(
take(sth(to(heart(
heartache!!see!also!
@!ache(
heartbeat!nC!!see!
3!
also!@!beat
hearty!adj!
heartily!adv!
hearten!vIT!
heartless!neg!adj!
dishearten!vT!
disheartened!adj!
downhearted!neg!
adj!
heartfelt!adj!
!

265!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

heart !!card!!

heart!nC!often!pl!

light;hearted!adj!!
3(
see!also!@!light
!

hearth(

hearth!nC!

heat!vT/heat(up!phr!
v!

heated!adj!
heater!nC!

heat !!competition!

heat!nU!
heating!nU!
central(heating!nU!!
see!also!@!centre/(
center(
!

heat!nC!

heave(

heave!vIT!

heave!nCU!

heaven(

heavenly!adj!

heaven/heavens!nC!
often!pl!!sky!

heavy(

heavy!adj!!weighty!

heavy!adj!!thick!and!
weighty!

heaven!nCU!!opp!hell! !
heaven!nU!informal!!
nice!place,!situation!
heavily!adv!
!

hectare(

hectare!nC!

heavy!adj!!busy!
heavy!adj!!drinking/!
smoking/sleeping,!
etc!
heavy!adj!weather,!
sea,!etc!
heavyweight!adj/nC!
heaviness!nU!
!

hedge!!bushes!

hedge!nC!

heel(

heel!nC!!back!of!foot,! !
shoe,!sock!

heat !!temperature!

hedge!vT!!surround!
with!hedges!
hedge!vIT!!hesitate,!
avoid!giving!an!
answer!
hedgehog!nC!
head(over(heels((in(
love)(
well;heeled!adj!

266!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

height!!see!also!@!
high(

height!nCU!!vertical!
distance!

heighten!vIT!

heir!!see!also!@!
hereditary,(inherit(
helicopter(

heir(nC!

helicopter!nC!

hell(

hell!nU!!opp!heaven!

hello/hullo/hallo(

hello/hallo/hullo!!
exclam!
(

hell!nU!!bad!place/!
situation!
!

helmet!nC!

helmeted!adj!

help!vIT!!assist!
help!nU!!assistance!
help!n!sing!!sth!that!
helps!

help!vIT!!ease!pain,!
etc!

helping!nC!
helpless!neg!adj!

crash(helmet!nC!!see!
also!@!crash(
helper!nC!

hemisphere!nC!

helmet(
help(

heights!n!pl!!hills!
the(height(of(sth!!the!
highest!point,!
highest!degreee!
heiress!nC!
heirloom!nC!
helipad!nC!
heliport!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!port
hell!!!exclam!
hellish!adj!
!

hemisphere!!see!also! (
@!sphere(
hen(
(

help(oneself((to(sth)(
cant/couldnt(help(
it(
help!nC!!helper!
helpful!adj!
!

hen!nC!

hence(

hence!adv!formal!

hen(party!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!party
!

henceforth(

henceforth!adv!formal!

her(

her!pron/adj!
herself!pron!!same!
person;!!see!also!@!
self(
(all)(by(herself(
(

herself!pron!!
emphasis!

hers!pron!

herald!vT!

herald!nC!

herald(
!

unhelpful!neg!adj!
helplessly!neg!adv!

267!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

herb(

herb!nC!

herd(

herd!nC!

here(

here!adv!!at!this!
place!

here/here(you(are!!
invitation,!offer!

hereditary!!see!also!
@!heir,(inherit(
heritage(

hereditary!adj!

herbal!adj!
herbalist!nC!
herbicide!nCU!!see!
also!@!suicide(
herd!vT!
herder!nC!Am!
herdsman!nC!!see!
3!
also!@!man
here(and(now(
here(and(there(
neither(here(nor(
there(
over(here(
heres(to!!drinking!
a!toast!!
heredity!nU!

heritage!nCU!

hero/heroine(

hero!nC!!great!
person!

heroic!adj!
heroine!nC!

heroin(

hero!nC!!main!
character!in!book,!
film,!etc!
!

heroin!nU!

heroically!adv!
heroism!nU!
unheroic!neg!adj!
!

hesitate(

hesitate!vI/hesitate(
to(do(sth!phr!v!

hesitation!nCU!

heterosexual!!see!
2
also!@!sex /sexual(
hey!(

heterosexual!adj!

hesitant!adj!
hesitantly!adv!
hesitatingly!adv!
unhesitating!neg!adj!
unhesitatingly!neg!
adv!
heterosexual!nC!

hi!(

hi!!!exclam!informal!

hey!!!exclam!
informal!
!

268!

headword(

A1(

hide !!leather!

hide !!conceal!

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

hidden!adj!

hide!nC!
hideout!nC!

hide!vIT!!conceal!sth!
hide!vT!!conceal!
emotion!
!

hide!nCU!

hideous(

hideous!adj!

hierarchy(

hierarchy!nCU!

hideously!adv!
hideousness!nU!
hierarchical!adj!

hi;fi(

hi;fi!nC!

high !!vertical!height;!! high!adj!

see!also!@!height(
2
high !!extreme,!etc!
highly!adv!

high!adv!

high(school!nC!esp!
Am!!see!also!@!
school(

high!adj!!more!than!
usual:!price,!speed,!
temperature,!
standards,!etc!
high!adj!!rank,!
importance,!etc!

high!nC!!record!
high;tech!adj!!see!
also!@!technology(

highland!nC!!see!also!@!
1
land !
high;profile!adj!!see!
also!@!profile(

highlight!!see!also!@!
1!
light
highway!!see!also!@!
3!
way

highlight!vT!

highlight!nC!

high;level!adj!
(
high!adj!!voice,!
sound,!etc!
high!adj!!on!drugs,!
etc!
high;level!adj!
high;quality!adj!!see!
also!@!quality(
high;speed!adj!!see!
also!@!speed(
high(street!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!street(
high(tech!nCU!!see!
also!@!technology(
!

highway!nC!esp!Am!

hijack(

hike(

hijack!vT!
hijack!nC!
hitch;hike!vI!

hike!nC!

divided(highway!nC!
Am!!see!also!@!
divide,(dual(
carriageway(
hijacker!nC!
hijacking!nC!
hike!vIT!
hiker!nC!

269!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

hill(

hill!nC!

hillside!nC!

him!!see!also!@!he,(
his(

himself!pron!!
emphasis!

hinder(

him!pron!
himself!pron!!same!
person;!!see!also!@!
self(
(all)(by(himself(
(

hiking!nU!
hilly!adj!
downhill!adv/adj!
uphill!adv/adj!
hilltop!nC!
!

hinder!vT!

hindrance!nC!

Hindu(

Hindu!nC!

hint(

hint!nC!!suggestion!

hint!vIT/hint(at!phr!v!

Hindu!adj!
Hinduism!nU!
!

hip(

hip!nC!

hire(

hire!vT!!employ!

hire!vT!Brit!!rent!
hire!nU!Brit!

his!!see!also!@!he,(
him(
hiss(

his!pron!

hire!nC!Am!!sb!
newlyLemployed!
hired!adj!
hiring!nU!
his/her!!pron!

hiss!vIT!

hiss!nC!

history(

history!nU!!the!past!
history!nU!!academic!
subject!

historical!adj!

historian!nC!
historic!adj!

historically!adv!

hit!vIT!!strike!

hit!vT!!collide!

hit!nC!!act!or!
instance!of!hitting!

history!nC!!book,!etc!
history!nC!!series!of!
events!
history!nC!!personal,!
medical,!etc!
make(history(
hit!vT!!with!gun,!
bomb,!etc!
hit!nC!!with!gun,!

hit !!strike!

hint!nC!!small!
amount!
!

270!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

hit !!bestseller!

hit!nC!!bestselling!
music,!book,!etc!

hitch(

hitch;hike!vI!

bomb,!etc!
hit!vT!!strike!ball,!etc!
hit!nC!!in!sport!
hitter!nC!
hit(back!phr!v!
hit(on/upon!phr!v!!
think!of!sth,!find!sth!
hit!nC!!sb/sth!
popular!
hit(parade!nC!oldJ
fashioned!!see!also!
@!parade(
be(a(hit(
hitch!vI!

hitherto(

hitherto!adv!formal!

HIV(

HIV!nU!abbrev!

HIV;positive!adj!

hmmm/hum(

hmm/hum!exclam!

hobby(

hobby!nC!

hockey(

hold(

hold!vT!!grip!in!ones!
hand!

hold!vT!!support!
hold!vT!!contain!
hold!vT!!keep,!
control(hold(on!phr!v!
informal!!wait!
hold(on!phr!v!!grab!
!

hold(up!phr!v!!delay!
hold!n!sing!!act!of!
holding!
holder!nC!!device!

ice(hockey!nU!Brit!!see!
also!@!ice(
!

hockey!nU!
!
holder!nC!!champion,! !
record!holder!
holding!nC!!share!in!
a!company!
shareholder!nc!!see!
2!
also!@!share

hold(hands!!see!also!
@!hand(
hold!vT!!detain,!
imprison!
hold!vT!!job,!title,!
record,!etc!
hold!vT!!talks,!
discussions,!etc!
hold!vI!!believe!
hold(back!phr!v!
hold(in!phr!v!

271!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

hole(

hole!nC!

keyhole!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!key

holiday(

holiday!nC!!vacation!

holiday!nC!!official/!
public!hliday!

bank(holiday!nC!Brit!!
1!
see!also!@!bank
public(holiday!nC!!
see!also!@!public(

X(

hold(out!phr!v!!
survive!
hold(out(for(sth!phr!v!
hold(up!phr!v!!rob!
hold;up!nC!!robbery!
catch/get/grab/take(
hold(of(sb/sth!phr!v!
foothold!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!foot
stakeholder!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!stake
buttonhole!nC!!in!
clothing!
buttonhole!nC!!
flower!in!buttonhole;!!
see!also!@!button(
hole(up!phr!v!
loophole!nC!!see!also!
@!loop((
pigeonhole!nC!
pigeonhole!vT!!see!
also!@!pigeon(
plughole!nC!esp!Brit!!
2(
see!also!@!plug
spyhole!nC!Brit!
on(holiday(
package(holiday!nC!!
1
see!also!@!pack /!
package!
school(holiday!nC!!
see!also!@!school(
summer(holiday!nC!!
see!also!@!summer(

272!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

hollow(

hollow!adj!!opp!solid!

hollow!nC!!
depression!in!ground!

holy(

holy!adj!

hollow!adj!!
unconvincing!
hollow!vI/hollow(out!
phr!v!
holiness!nU!

homage(

homage!nU!

home!nCU!!main!
dwelling!

home!nCU!!town,!
country!where!one!
was!born!or!lives!

home!adj!

home;made!adj!!see!
also!@!make/made(

homeland!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!land

home !!place!one!
lives!

home !!care!
institution!

home!nC!!care!
institution!
nursing(home!nC!!
see!also!@!
nurse/nursing(

homogeneous(

homogeneous!adj!

home!adj!!domestic,!
not!international!
homecoming!nCU!
homelessness!nU!
homeowner!nC!!see!
also!@!own/owner(
home(page!nC!!see!
also!@!page(
homesick!adj!!see!
3!
also!@!sick
bring(home(to!
care(home!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!care
foster(home!nC!!see!
also!@!foster(
old(peoples/folks(
home!nC!
homogeneity!nU!

homosexual((see!
2
also!@!sex /sexual(
honest(

homosexual!adj!

homosexuality!nU!

homosexual!nC!

honestly!adv!
honesty!nU!
!

honey(

honest!adj!!!
dishonest!neg!adj(
honey!nU!

dishonestly!neg!adv(
dishonesty!neg!nU!
!

honeymoon(

honeymoon!nC!

honeymooner!nC!

honour/honor(

honour(!nU!Brit/!

honour!vT!Brit/!

honourable!adj!Brit/!

in(honour/honor(of(

home!adv!!to/at!
ones!dwelling!

homeless!neg!adj!

homework!nU!!see!
2!
also!@!work
at(home/be((at(
home(
come(home(

273!

headword(

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A2(

B1(

honor!nU!Am!respect!
honour(!nU!Brit/!
honor!nU!Am!!award,!
medal,!etc!

B2(

C1(

honor!vT!Am!!give!
respect!

honorable!adj!Am!

C2(

hood!nC!

hood !!car!part!

hook(

hook!nC!
hook!vIT!

hood!nC!Am!!see!also! !
2
@!bonnet !nC!Brit!
!
!

hooker(

hooker!nC!

hop(

hop!vI!

hope(

hope!vIT!
hope!nCU!

hopefully!adv!

hopeful!adj!

hopeless!neg!adj!

horizon!!(

horizon!n!usu!sing!

horizontal!adj!

hormone(

hormone!nC!

horn!nC!

hood !!clothing!

horn !!of!animal!

X(

sth/sb(
dishonour!nU!Brit/(
dishonor!nU!Am!
dishonour!vT!Brit/!
dishonor!vT!Am!
dishonourable!adj!
Brit/(dishonorable!
adj!Am!
hoodie/hoody!nC!!
garment!
hoodie/hoody!nC!!sb!
who!wears!a!hoodie!
!
hook(up!phr!v!
off(the(hook/let(sb(
off(the(hook!
!
hop!nC!!oneLlegged!
jump!
hop!nC!!short!
journey(
grasshopper!nC!!see!
also!@!grass(
hopelessly!neg!adv!
hope(against(hope(
lose/give(up(hope(
horizontally!adv!
on(the(horizon(
hormonal!adj!
horn!nU!
horned!adj!

274!

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2

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

horn !!device!

horrible(

horrible!adj!

horrify(

horror(

horse(

horse!nC!

hose(

C2(

X(

horn!nC!!musical!
instrument!
!

horn!nC!!warning!
device!
horribly!adv!

horrify!vI!

horror!nU!!shock!&!
fear!
!

horse;racing!nU!!see!
1
also!@!race /racing(
race(horse!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!race

hose!nC!

hospice(

hospice!nC!

horrified!adj!
horrific!adj!
horror!nU/adj!!book,!
film,!etc!
horseback!nU!!see!
2!
also!@!back
horsebox!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!box
horseman!nC!!see!
3
also!@!man (
put(the(cart(before(
the(horse!!see!also!
@!cart(
horsepower!nU!!see!
2(
also!@!power
horseshoe!nC!!see!
also!@!shoe(
rocking(horse!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!rock
workhorse!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!work
hose!vT!
hosepipe!nC!!see!
also!@!pipe(
hose(down!phr!v!
!

hospital(

hospital!nC!

hospitality(

hospitality!nU!

hospitable!adj!
inhospitable!neg!adj!

275!

headword(

A1(

A2(

host/hostess(

hostage(

hostel(
hostile(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

host!vT!

hostess!nC!!woman!
entertaining!others!

host!nC!!city,!
country,!etc!
host!nC!!radio,!TV!
presenter!

host!nC!!person!
entertaining!others!
hostess!nC!!
attendant!
air(hostess!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!air
!

hostage!nC!

hostage;taking!nU!

hostel!nC!

hostile!adj!

hostility!nCU!

youth(hostel!nC!!see!
also!@!youth(
!

hot!adj!!high!
temperature!

hot!adj!

hot !!emotional!

hot!adj!!looking/feeling!
sexy!

hot(dog(

hot(dog!nC!

hot!adj!!emotional,!
temper,!etc!
hotly!adv!!eagerly,!
angrily!
hot;blooded!adj!
hot;tempered!adj!
hothead!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!head
!

hotel(

hotel!nC!

hotelier!nC!

hour(

hour!nC!!60!minutes!

working(hours!!n!pl!
1
ee!also!@!work (
quarter(of/half(an(
hour(
rush(hour!nC!!see!
also!@!rush(

hours!n!pl!!time!
when!sth!happens!
opening(hours!see!
also!@!open/(
opening(
small(hours!!see!also!
@!small(

hot !!high!
temperature!

hot !!spicy!

red;hot!adj!!see!also!
@!red(
hotline!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!line
!

276!

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B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

1!!!

house!nC!

household!nC!
housing!nU!
move(house!!see!
also!@!move(

house!vT!!put!sb!into! !
a!house!
housewife!nC!!see!
also!@!wife(
housework!nU!!see!
1!
also!@!work
council(house!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!council(

housekeeper!nC!
housekeeping!nU!!see!
2
also!@!keep /!
keeper/keeping!

guest(house!nC!!see!
also!@!guest(

greenhouse!nC!!see!
also!@!green(
warehouse!nC!!see!
also!@!ware/wares(

in;house!adj/adv!
farmhouse!nC!!see!also!
@!farm(
lighthouse!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!light
firehouse!nC!esp!Am!!
1(
see!also!@!fire

house home,!
!
dwelling

house !!building!

A1(

X(

surgery(hours(
for(hours((and(
hours)(
hour(after(hour(
on(the(hour(
at(the(top(of(the(
hour(
hourly!adj/adv!
miles/kilometres(
per/an(hour(
household!adj!
househusband!nC!!
see!also!@!husband(
keep(house(
housemate!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!mate
housing(estate!nC!
Brit!!see!also!@!
1!
estate
terraced(house!nC!
Brit!!see!also!!terrace(
doghouse!nC!Am!!
see!also!@!dog(
house!nC!!building!
house!vT!!store!sth!
house!nC!!parliament!
boarding(house!nC!!
4
see!also!@!board !
coffee(house!nC!!see!
also!@!coffee(
courthouse!nC!Am!!
1!
see!also!@!court
curry(house!nC!!see!
also!@!curry(

277!

headword(

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

hovercraft!nC!Brit!!
2!
see!also!@!craft
how(do(you(do?!
formal!

hover!vI!

opera(house!nC!!see!
also!@!opera(
public(house!nC!!see!
also!@!pub,(public(
slaughterhouse!nC!!
see!also!@!slaughter(
storehouse!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!store
workhouse!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!work
bring(the(house(
down(
on(the(house(
!

hover(

how(

how!adv!
how(about?!!
suggestion!

how(
much/many/far/(
old/hot,(etc?(
anyhow!adv!

however!adv!

how(are(you?(
somehow!adv!!in!
some!way!
somehow!adv!!for!
some!reason!
!

however !!
nevertheless!
huddle(

however!adv/conj!

huddle!vIT!

huddle!nC!

hue((shade,!colour!

hue!nC!

hug(

huge(

huge!adj!

hug!vIT!
hug!nC!
!

hugely!adv!

hum(

hum!vIT!

hum!nC!

human(

human!adj!

human!nC!
human(being!nC!

human(nature!nU!!
2!
see!also!@!nature

humanity!nU!

humankind!nU!
humanities!n!pl!

however !!degree!

278!

headword(

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

humane(

humble(

humble!adj!

humane!adj!
humanitarian!adj!
!

humid(

humidity!nU!

humiliate(

humiliation!nU!

humour/humor(

humour!nU!Brit/!
humor!nU!Am!

humorous!adj!

hundred(

hundred!cardinal!
number!
(

hundredth!ordinal!
number/fraction!
!

hunger!nU!!lack!of!
food/need!for!food!

hungry!adj!

hunt !search!

hunting!nU!

hunt!vIT!

hunt!nC!

hurdle(

hurdle!nC!!fence!in!race!

hurl(

hurl!!vT!

hunger(

X(

human(rights!n!pl!!
5
see!also!@!right /!
rights(
inhumanity!nU!
inhumane!neg!adj!
Inhumanely!neg!adv!
humble!vT!
humbly!adv!
humbling!adj!
humid!adj!
humiliating!adj!
humiliate!vT!
humility!nU!
humorously!adv!
humorist!nC!
sense(of(humour/(
humor!nC!!see!also!
2(
@!sense
hundreds(of!!many!
hunger!nU!!desire!for!
sth!
hungrily!adv!
hunt(down!phr!v!
hunt(for!phr!v!
manhunt!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!man
witch;hunt!nC!!see!
also!@!witch(
hurdle!nC!!obstacle!
hurdle!vT!
hurdler!nC!
!

279!

headword(

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

hurrah!(

hurrah!!exclam!

hurricane(

hurricane!nC!

hurry(

in(a(hurry(

hurry!nU!

hurt!vIT!!cause!
physical!pain!

hurt!nU!

hurried!adj!
unhurried!neg!adj!
hurriedly!adv!
hurtful!adj!
hurtfully!adv!
unhurt!neg!adj!

hurt !!harm,!damage!

hurry!vIT!
!
hurry((sb/sth)(up!phr!
v!
hurt!vIT!!cause!
!
mental,!emotional!
distress!
hurt!adj!!in!pain,!
injured!
!
!

husband(

husband!nC!

it(would/wouldnt(
hurt(
!

hut(

hut!nC!

househusband!nC!!
1!
see!also!@!house
!

hybrid(

hydrogen(

hydrogen!nU!

hybrid!nC!
hybrid!adj!
!

hygiene(

hygiene!nU!

hymn(

hymn!nC!

hydrogen(bomb!nC!!
see!also!@!bomb(
hygienic!adj!
unhygienic!neg!adj!
!

hypermarket(see!
1(
also!@((market
hyphen(

hypermarket!nC!

hyphen!nC!

hyphenated!adj!

hypocrisy(

hypocrisy!nU!

hypothesis(

hypothesis!nC!

hypothetical!adj!

hypocritical!adj!
hypocrite!nC!
hypothesize!vI!

hysterical(

hysterical!adj!

hurt !!pain,!distress!

hysteria!nU!
hysterics!n!pl!
hysterically!adv!

280!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

Ii(

I(

I!pron!

ice!nU(
(
ice(cream!nCU!!see!
1(
also!@!cream

icy!adj(

ice(hockey!nU!Brit!!see!
also!@!hockey(
!

ice !frozen!water(

ice !!decorate!cake;!!
2(
see!also!@!frost

ice!vT!Brit!
icing!nU!Brit!

icon(

icon!nC!

ice!nC!!ice!cream!
ice(up!phr!v!
iceberg!nC!
tip(of(the(iceberg!see!
4!
also!@!tip
icebreaker!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!break
break(the(ice(
(walk)(on(thin(ice(
ice(cap!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!cap
ice(skate!nC!
ice(skater!nC!
ice(skating!nU!!see!
also!@!skate(
iced!adj!Brit!
icing(sugar!nU!Brit!!
see!also!@!sugar(
the(icing(on(the(cake(!
Brit!!see!also!@!cake!
iconic!adj!

idea(

idea!nC!!suggestion,!
plan!
!

idea!nC!!concept!
idea!nC!!belief!
!

ideal!adj!

ideally!adv!

ideal!nC!

idealize!vT!
idealized!adj((
idealism!nU(
idealist!nC!
idealistic!adj!

2!

ideal !!perfect!
2

ideal !!principle!

281!

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B2(

C1(

C2(

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identical(

identical!adj!

identity(

identify!vT!

identity!nCU!

identity(card!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!card

identification!nC!!act!
of!identifying!

identification!nU!!
papers!proving!ones!
identity!

ideology(

ideology!nCU!

ideological!adj!

idiom(

idiom!nC!

idiot(

idiot!nC!

idle(

idle!adj!

i.e.(

i.e.!abbrev!

if(

if!conj!!conditional!

if!conj!!whether!

if(I(were(you(
if(only(

ignite(

if!conj!!provided!
if!conj!!whenever!
even(if!!see!also!@!
even(
!

ignite!vIT!

ignition!nU!

ignorance(

ignorance!nU!

ignorant!adj!

ignoramus!nC!

ignore(

ignore!vT!

ill!adj!

illness!nCU!

ill!adv!formal!

fall(ill!!see!also!@!
1!
fall
ill(at(ease!!see!also!
@!ease(
ill;health!nU!!see!
also!@!health(

ill !!sick!
ill !!badly!

identically!adv!
identical(twins!n!pl!!
see!also!@!twin(
identifiable!adj(
identified!adj!
unidentified!neg!adj!
unidentifiable!neg!
adj!
ideologically!adv(
ideologist!nC!
idiomatic!adj!
idiotic!adj!
idiocy!nU!
idle!vIT!!waste!time(
idle!vI!!engine!
idly!adv!
idleness!nU!
!

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illegal!!see!also!@!
legal(
illegitimate!!see!also!
@!legitimate(

illegal!neg!adj!

illegally!neg!adv!

illiterate!!see!also!@!
literate(
illogical!!see!also!@!
logic/(logical(
illuminate(

illuminate!vT!

illusion(

illusion!nC!

illustrate !!add!
pictures!to!sth!
2
illustrate !!exemplify!

illustrate!vT!

illustration!nCU!

illustrate!vT!

illustration!nCU!

illegitimate!neg!adj(
illegitimately!neg!
adv!
illegitimacy!nU!
illiterate!neg!adj(
illiteracy!neg!nU!
illogical!neg!adj!
illogically!neg!adv!
illuminated!adj(
illuminating!adj!
illumination!nCU!
disillusion!neg!vT!
disillusionment!nU(
illusory!adj!
illusionist!nC!
illustrated!adj!
illustrator!nC!
illustrative!adj!

image(

image!nC!!mental!
picture!

image!nC!!in!poem,!etc(
imagery!nU!

imagine(

imagine!vT!!form!
ideas,!etc!

imagine!vT!!believe!

image!nCU!!
reputation!
image!nC!!in!lens,!
mirror,!etc!
image!nC!!picture,!
photo,!etc!
imaginary!adj!
imagination!nC!!
ability!to!form!ideas,!
etc(
imagination!nU!!
believing!sth!is!real,!
true!

imaginative!adj!

imaginable!adj!
imagined!adj!
unimaginable!neg!
adj!

283!

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C2(

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imbalance!!see!also!
@!balance(
imitate(

imbalance!nC!

imitate!vT!

imitation!nCU(
imitation!adj!

immature!!see!also!
@!mature(
1
immediate !!time!!
without!delay!
2
immediate !!place!L!
nearby!
immense(

immature!neg!adj!

imitative!adj!
inimitable!neg!adj!
inimitably!neg!adv!
immaturity!neg!nU!

immediately!adv!

immediate!adj!!(

immediate!adj!!!

immediately!adv!

immense!adj!

immerse(

immerse!vT!

immensely!adv!
immensity!nU!
immersion!nU!

immigrant!!see!also!
@!migrate/migrant(
imminent(

immigrate!vI!

immigrant!nC!
immigration!nU!
!

imminent!adj!

imminently!adv!

immobile!!see!also!
@!mobile(

immoral!!see!also!@! !
moral(
immortal!!see!also!@! !
mortal(

immoral!neg!adj!

immune(

immune!adj!

immunity!nU!

impact(

impact!nC!collision!

impact!nC!!effect!

impact!vIT!!

immobile!neg!adj!
immobilize!vT!
immobility!nU!
immobilizer!nC!
immorally!neg!adv!
immorality!neg!nU!
immortal!neg!adj(
immortal!nC!
immortality!nU!
immortalize!vT!
immunize!vT!
immunization!nU!
impacted!adj!

impair(

impair!vT!

impairment!nU!

impaired!adj!

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impatient!!see!also!
!
1!
@!patience/(patient

impeach(

impatient!neg!adj!!
annoyed(
impatient!neg!adj!!
wanting!sth!now!
impeachment!nCU!

impending!adj!

impeach!vT!
unimpeachable!neg!
adj!
!

imperative !!
essential!
2
imperative !!
grammar!
imperfect!!see!also!
1(
@!perfect

imperative!adj!

imperative!nC!

imperative!nC!

imperial!!see!also!@!
empire,(emperor(
imperil!!see!also!@!
peril(
impersonal!!see!also!
@!person/(personal(
impersonate!!!see!
also!@!person(
impetus(

imperial!adj!

imperialism!nU!

imperfect!neg!adj!
imperfection!nCU(
imperfectly!neg!adv!
imperialist!nC!
imperialist!adj!
imperil!vT!

impersonal!neg!adj!

impetus!nU!

impersonate!vT(
impersonation!nU!
!

implant!!see!also!@!
2!
plant

implement!!
introduce!
implicate(

implement!vT!

implementation!nU!

implant!nC!
implant!vT!
implantation!nCU!
!

implicate!vT!

implication!nC!

implicit!!see!also!@!
explicit(

implicit!adj!

implicitly!adv!

impending(
1

impatiently!neg!adv!
impatience!nU!

285!

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A1(

imply(

impolite!!see!also!@!
polite(
import!!see!also!@!
export(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

implied!adj!

imply!vT(
implication!nC!
!

impolite!neg!adj!

importer!nC!
imported!adj!

important/(
importance(

important!adj!!of!
great!value!

importantly!adv!

the(utmost(
importance!!see!also!
@!utmost(

impose(

important!adj!!
having!great!
authority,!influence!
importance!nU!
impose!vT!

import!vT!
import!nC(
importation!nU!
unimportant!neg!adj!

imposition!nU!

impossible!!see!also!
@!possible(

impossible!neg!adj!!
not!possible!

impossibility!nCU!

impossibly!neg!adv!

impoverished!!see!
also!@!poverty(

impossible!neg!adj!!
difficult,!
uncooperative!
!

impractical!!see!also!
@!practical(
impress(

impractical!neg!adj!

impoverish!vT!
impoverished!adj!
impoverishment!nU!
!

impression!nC!!
opinion!

impress!vIT!!cause!
admiration!
impressive!adj!

impression!!see!also!
1
@!press (pressure(
imprison!!see!also!@!
prison(

impression!nC!!mark!
made!by!pressure!
!

impress(on!phr!v!
impressed!adj!
impressively!adv!
impressionable!adj!
unimpressed!neg!adj(
unimpressive!neg!
adj!
be(under(the(
impression(
!

imprisonment!nU!

imprison!vT!

imprisoned!adj!

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improbable!!see!also! !
@!probable(
improper!!see!also!@! !
proper(

improbable!neg!adj!

improper!neg!adj!!
inappropriate,!illegal!

improve(

improve!vIT!

improvement!nC!!to!
property,!etc!

impulse(

improved!adj!
improvement!nU!!
sth!improved!
!

impulse!nCU!

in!prep!!before,!
within!a!time(
in!prep!!in!a!
language,!in!writing,!
etc(
in!prep!!in!age!group,!
century,!
temperature!range,!
etc!
in!prep!!in!a!
profession,!subject,!
etc!
in!adv!!arriving!
inner!adj!!personal,!
secret!
in(advance(
in(all(
in(any(case(
in(common(
in(the(end(
in(general(
in(a(minute/(second,(

in!prep!!in!a!state,!
emotion!

in!prep!!in!clothes!of!
a!style!or!colour!

in!prep!!number!!1!in!
100,!etc!

in!adv!!fashionable!

in!adv!!in!power,!
office,!etc!

in(danger(

in(between(
in(that!!because!

in!prep!inside,!within!
in!prep!!as!part!of(
in!prep!!during(
in!prep!!no!more!
than!

in!adv!from!outdoors! inner!adj!!interior!
in!adv!at!home,!
work,!etc!
!
in(addition(to(
in(case(
in(fact(

in !prep!!!

in !adv!

in !phrases,!idioms,!
etc!

improbably!neg!adv!
improbability!nCU!
improper!neg!adj!!
sexually!
inappropriate!
improperly!neg!adv!
improving!adj!
improve(on/upon!
phr!v!
impulsive!adj(
impulsively!adv!
on(impulse(
!

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B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

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inability!!see!also!@!
able/ability(
inaccessible!!see!also!
@!accessible(
inaccurate!!see!also!
@!accurate(
inactive!!see!also!@!
act/active(
inadequate!!see!also!
@!adequate(

etc(
in(order(to/that(
in(particular(
in(place(
in(public!!see!also!@!
public(
in(spite(of(
in(time(
in(turn(
in(a(way(
in(other(words(
!

inaccessible!neg!adj!

inaccurate!neg!adj!

inactive!neg!adj!

inadequate!neg!adj!

inappropriate!!see!
also!@!appropriate(

inappropriate!neg!
adj!

inaudible!!see!also!@! !
audible(
inaugural(
!

inaudible!neg!adj!

inaccuracy!nC!
inaccurately!neg!adv!
inaction!nU(
inactivity!nU!
inadequacy!nCU!
inadequately!neg!
adv!
inappropriately!neg!
adv!
inappropriateness!
nU!
inaudibly!neg!adv(

inauguration!nCU!

incapable!!see!also!
@!capable(
incentive(

incapable!neg!adj!

inaugural!adj!
inaugurate!vT!
!

incentive!nCU!

inability!neg!nU!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

inch(

inch!nC!

inch(by(inch(

incidence(

incidence!nC!

incident(

incident!nC!

incidentally(

incite(

incline(
include!!see!also!@!
exclude(
income(

C2(

X(

inch!vIT/inch(forward!
phr!v!
!

every(inch(
within(an(inch(of(
!

incidentally!adv!

incidental!adj!

incite!vT!

incitement(nCU!

include!vT(
including!prep!
income!nCU!

included!adj!

inclined!adj/!inclined( inclination!nCU!
to(
!
inclusion!nU!
inclusive!adj!

incline!vI!formal!
disinclined!neg!adj!
!

low;income!adj!

incoming!!see!also!@! !
come(
incompatible!!see!
!
also!@!compatible(
incompetent!!see!
!
also!@!competent(

incoming!adj!

income(tax!nCU!!see!
also!@!tax(
!

incompatible!neg!adj!

incompatibility!nU!

incompetent!neg!adj!

incomplete!!see!also!
1(
@!complete

incomplete!neg!adj(

incomprehensible!!
see!also!@!
comprehend/(
comprehensible(
inconsistent!!see!
also!@!consistent(
inconvenient!!see!
also!@!convenient(
incorporate(

incomprehensible!neg!
adj!

incompetence!nU!
incompetently!neg!
adv!
incompletely!neg!
adv!
incompleteness!nU!
incomprehension!nU!
incomprehensibly!
neg!adv!

inconsistent!neg!adj!

inconsistency!nC!

incorporate!vT!

inconvenient!neg!adj!
inconvenience!nCU!
incorporation!nU!

inconveniently!neg!
adv!
!

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incorrect!!see!also!@!
correct(
increase!!see!also!@!
decrease(
incredible!!see!also!
@!credible(

incorrect!neg!adj!

incorrectly!neg!adv!

increase!vIT!
increase!nCU!
!

increased!adj!
increasingly!adv!
!

increasing!adj!

on(the(increase(

incredible!neg!adj!

incredulous!adj!
incredulity!nU!

incumbent(

incredibly!neg!adv!!
unbelievably;!
extremely!
!

incumbent!nC!

incumbent!adj!

incur(

incur!vT!

indebted!!see!also!@!
debt(
indecent!!see!also!@!
decent(

indeed(

indeed!adv!

indebted!adj!
indebtedness!nU!
indecent!neg!adj!
indecently!neg!adv!
indecency!nU!
!

independent!!see!
also!@!depend/(
dependent(

independent!adj!!
unbiased!

independent!adj!!
politically!
independent(
independent!nC!

independently!adv(
independence!nU!!
personal!
independence!

index/indexes/(
indices(
indicate(

independent!adj!!not! !
dependent(
independence!nU!!
political!
independence!
!
index!nC!

index!vT!

indicate!vT!

indication!nCU!

index(finger!nC!!see!
also!@!finger!
indicator!nC!

indicative!adj!

indict(

indictment!nC!

indict!vT!

indifferent(

indifferently!adv!

indigenous(

indigenous!adj!

indifferent!adj(
indifference!nU!
!

indigestion!!see!also!
@!digest/(digestion(
indignation(

indigestion!nU!

indignation!nU!

indignant!adj!
indignantly!adv!

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A2(

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indirect !!not!
straight;!!see!also!@!
1!
direct
2
indirect !!not!
obvious;!!see!also!@!
2!
direct
indispensable(

indirect!neg!adj!
indirectly!neg!adv!

indirect!neg!adj!

indirectly!neg!adv!

indispensable!adj!

indistinguishable!!
see!also!@!
distinguish/(
distinguishable(
individual(

indistinguishable!
neg!adj!

individual!adj!

individually!adv!

indoor!!see!also!@!
door(
induce(

indoors!adv!

indoor!adj!

individualism!nU!
individualist!nC!
individualistic!adj!
individuality!nU!
!

induce!vT!

inducement!nC!

indulge(

indulge!vIT!

industry(

industry!nU!!
production(
industrial!adj!

industry!nC!!specific!
type!of!industry!

industry!nU!!hard!
work!
industrialize!vIT!

industrialized!adj!

ineffective!!see!also!
@!effect/effective(

ineffective!neg!adj!

indulgence!nU!
indulgent!adj!
industrially!adv!
industrialization!nU!
industrialist!nC!
industrious!adj!
industrial(estate!nC!!
1!
see!also!@!estate
industrial(relations!n!
pl!!see!also!@!
relations(
cottage(industry!nC!!
see!also!@!cottage(
ineffectively!neg!adv!
ineffectiveness!nU!

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inefficient!!see!also!
@!efficient(
inequality!!see!also!
@!equal/equality(
inert(

inefficient!neg!adj!

inequality!nU!

inefficiently!neg!adv(
inefficiency!nU!
!

inertia!nU!

inert!adj!

inevitable(

inexpensive!!see!also!
@!expense/(
expensive(
inexperienced!!see!
also!@!experience/(
experienced(
infamous!!see!also!@!
fame/famous(
infant(

inevitable!adj(
inevitably!adv!
!

inexpensive!neg!adj!

inexperienced!neg!adj!

inexperience!nU!

infamous!adj!

infamy!nU!

infant!nC!

infancy!nU!

infant!adj!

infantry(

infantry!nU!

infect(

infect!vT(
infection!nC!

infectious!adj!!
spreading!disease!

infer(

disinfect!vT!
disinfectant!adj!
disinfectant!nCU!
!

inferior!!see!also!@!
superior(
infinite!!see!also!@!
finite(
infinitive(

infected!adj(
infectious!adj!!
spreading!emotion!
infer!vT!
inference(nC!
inferior!adj!

infinite!adj!

infinity!nU!
infinitely!adv!
infinitive!nC!

inflammation(

inflammation!nU!

inflate(

inflation!nU!!

inflate!vT!

inflame!vT(
inflamed!adj(
inflammatory!adj!
inflated!adj(
inflatable!adj(

inferiority!nU!

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B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

economics!

X(

inflationary!adj!

inflict(

inflict!vT!

infliction!nCU!

influence(

influence!nCU!

influence!vT!

influential!adj!

influenza(

flu!nU!

influenza!nU!

inform/information(

information!nU!

information(desk!nC!!
see!also!@!desk(
information(office!
nC!!see!also!@(
1!
office

informative!adj!
informant!nC!

informed!adj!
uninformed!neg!adj!
informer!nC!
misinformation!nU!
misinform!vIT!
misinformed!adj!

informal!!see!also!@!
formal(
infrared!!see!also!@!
red(
infrastructure!!see!
2!
also!@!structure
ingenious(

inform!vIT!
information(
technology!nU!!see!
also!@!technology(
information(centre/(
center!nC!!see!also!
2(
@!centre/center
tourist(information(
2
centre/center !!nC!
see!also!@!
tour/tourist,(centre/(
2!
center
!

informal!neg!adj!

informally!neg!adv(

informality!nU!

infrared!adj!

infrastructure!nU!

ingeniously!adv!

ingredient(

ingredient!nC!

ingenious!adj(
ingenuity!nU!
!

inhabit(

inhabitant!nC!

inhabit!vT!

inhale!!!

inhale!vIT!

inhalation!nU!

inherent(

inherent!adj!

inherently!adv!

inherit!!see!also!@!
heir,(hereditary(

inherit!vIT!

inheritance!nC!

inherited!adj(
disinherit!vT!

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inhibit(

A2(

B1(

B2(

initial!adj!

initially!adv!

initiate!vT!
initiative!nCU!

initial !!letter!of!
alphabet!
inject(

initial!nC!

injure(

injustice!!see!also!@!
3
just /justice(
ink(

C1(

C2(

X(

inhibit!vT!
inhibition!nCU!
!

inhibited!adj!
uninhibited(!neg!adj!
on(ones(own(
initiative!
take(the(initiative(
initial!vT!

injury!nC!

injure!vT!

inject!vT!!
injection!nC!
injured!adj!

injurious!adj!

injustice!nCU!

ink!nCU!

in(ink(

ink!vT!

inland!!see!also!@!
1!
land
inmate!!see!also!@!
2(
mate
inn(

inland!adj!

inky!adj!
ink((cartridge!nC!!see!
also!@!cartridge(
ink(jet!nC!!(
inland!adv!

inmate!nC!

inn!nC!

innate(

innkeeper!nC!see!also!
2
@!keep /keeper(
innate!adj!

inner!adj!!interior!

inner!adj!!personal,!
secret!

inner(city!nC!!see!also!
@!city!

innermost!adj!

innocent!adj!!!

innocence!nU!!!

innings!nU!Brit!
inning!nC!Am!
!

innocent !!childLlike!

innovation!!see!also!
2(
@!novel

innovation!nCU!

innovative!adj!

innocent!adj(
innocence!nU!
!

innocently!adv(
innocent!nC!
innovate!vI!
innovator!nC!

initial !!at!the!start!

inner!!see!also!@!in

2!

inning/innings(
innocent !!not!guilty!

initiation!nU!

innately!adv!

innocently!adv!

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innumerable!!see!
also!@!number,(
numeral(
input(

innumerable!adj!

innumerate!adj!

input!nCU!

input!vT!

inquire!!see!also!@!
enquire(

inquiry/enquiry!nC!!
investigation!

inquire/enquire!vIT!

inquire/enquire(
after/(about/into!
phr!v!

insane!!see!also!@!
sane(
inscribe(

inquiry/enquiry!nC!!
question!
inquiries/(enquiries!
npl!
inquisitive!adj!
!

insanely!neg!adv!

insane!neg!adj(
insanity!nU!
inscription!nC!

insect(

insect!nC!

insecurity!!see!also!
@!secure/security(
insensitive!!see!also!
@!sensitive(
inseparable!!see!also!
@!separate(
insert(

insecurity!nCU!

insensitive!neg!adj!

inseparable!neg!adj!

insecticide!nCU!!see!
also!@!suicide(
insecure!neg!adj!
insecurely!neg!adv!
insensitivity!nU!
insensitively!neg!adv!
inseparably!neg!adv!

insert!vT!

insertion!nCU!

insert!nC!

inside(

inside!prep!

inside!adj(
inside!adv!

inside!nC!

inside(out!!adv!
wrong!way!round!

insider!nC!

insight(

insight!nCU!

inside!adv!informal!!
in!prison!
inside(out!!adv!
thoroughly!
insightful!adj!

insignificant!!see!
also!@!significant(

insignificant!neg!adj!

insist(

insist!vIT!

insistence!nU!

insistent!adj!

inspect(

inspection!nCU!
inspector!nC!

inspect!vT!!scrutinize!
inspect!vT!!check!

inscribe!vT!

insignificantly!neg!
adv(
insignificance!nU!
!
inspector!nC!Brit!!
police!rank!

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inspire(

inspire!vT!

inspiration!nCU!

officially!
!

instability!!see!also!
1
@!stable /stability(
install(

instability!neg!nU!

inspectorate!nU!
inspirational!adj(
inspired!adj!
inspiring!adj(
uninspired!neg!adj!
uninspiring!neg!adj!
!

install!vT!!put!in!
place!

install!vT!!inaugurate!

instalment(

install!vT!!load!
software!
installation!nCU!
(

instalment!nC!

instance(

instant(

instead!adv(
instead(of(
!

instant!adj!!drink,!etc! instant!nC!
instantly!adv!
!
!

instead(

instance!nC!
for(instance(
instant!adj!!
immediate!
!

in(the(first(instance(
instance!vT!
instantaneous!adj!
instantaneously!adv!
!

instinct!nCU!

institution!nC!

institute!nC!

institutional!adj!

instinctive!adj(
instinctively!adv!
!

institute!vT!

instruction!nU!

instructive!adj!

instructional!adj!

2!!

instruction!nC!

instruct!vT(
instructor!nC!
(

instruct!vT!

instrument!nC!

instrumental!adj!

instrumentalist!nC!

instrument!nC!

instrumentation!nU!

instrument!nC(
instrumental!adj!

instinct(
1

institute !!
organization!
2
institute !!begin!
instruct !!teach!
instruct command!
instrument !!music!
instrument !!
measuring!device!
3
instrument !!
method,!means!
!

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insufficient!!see!also!
@!sufficient(

insufficient!neg!adj!

insulate(

insulate!vT!

insulation!nU!

insult(

insult!vT!

insurance(

insurance!nU!

insult!nC(
insulting!adj!
!

insure!vT!

insurer!nC!

intact(

intact!adj!

insured!adj(
uninsured!neg!adj!
!

intake(

intake!nC!

integrate(

integration!nU!

integral!adj!

disintegrate!vIT!
disintegration!nU!
!

integrity(

integrate!vT!
integrated!adj!
integrity!nU!

intellect(

intellectual!adj!

intellectual!nC!

intellect!nU!

intellectually!adv!

intelligence!nU!
unintelligent!neg!adj!

intelligent!adj!

intelligently!adv!

intelligence !!spying!

intelligence!nU!

intelligible(

intelligible!adj!

intend(

intend!vT(
intention!nCU!

intent!nCU(
intentional!adj!

intent!adj!

intended!adj(
intentionally!adv!

intelligentsia!nU!
artificial(intelligence!
nU!!see!also!@!
artificial(
counter;intelligence!
nU!
intelligibility!nU(
unintelligible!neg!adj!
unintended!neg!adj!
unintentional!neg!
adj!
unintentionally!neg!
adv!
to(all(intents(and(
purposes(
be(intended(for(
well;intentioned!adj!

intelligence !!
intellect!

insufficiently!neg!
adv(
insufficiency!nU!
insulating!adj!
insulated!adj!
insultingly!adv!

297!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

intensify!vT!

intensely!adv!

intently!adv!

interactive!adj!!
communicative(
interactive!adj!!
computer,!etc!
intercourse!nU!
sexual(intercourse!
1
nU!!see!also!@!sex /(
sexual(
!

uninterested!neg!adj(
interestingly!adv!

in(the(interests(of(

intense(

intense!adj!

interact!!see!also!@!
act(

interaction!nU!

intensity!nU(
intensive!adj!
interact!vI!

intercourse(

interest!nU!!
attention(
interested!adj(
interesting!adj!
!

interest!nC!!pastime,!
etc!

interest!vT(
self;interest!nU!!see!
also!@!self/self;(

interest!nU!

interface!nC!

interface!vT!

interfere(

interfere!vI!

interference((radio,!
TV,!etc!
interim(

interference!nU!!
tampering!
!

interim!adj!

interference!nU!!radio,!
TV,!etc!
!

interior!!see!also!@!
exterior(
interjection(

interior!adj(
interior!nC!
interjection!nC!

interior!n!sing!!of!
country,!etc!
!

intermediate(

intermediate!adj!

intermediary!nC!

intermittent(

intermittent!adj!

intermittently!adv!

internal(

internal!adj!!inside!

internally!adv!

international!!see!
also!@!nation/(

international!adj!

internal!adj!!not!
foreign!
international!nC!Brit!

internationally!adv!

interest !!attention,!
involvement,!etc!

interest !!money!
paid/earned!
interface(

interim!nU(
in(the(interim(
!
interject!vIT!formal!

298!

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national(
internet!!see!also!@!
2(
net
interpersonal!!see!
also!@!person/(
personal(
1
interpret !!from!
another!language!
2
interpret !!explain!

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

internet!n!sing!

interpersonal!adj!

interpret!vIT!

interpretation!nCU!

interpret!vT!

interpreter!nC!
interpretation!nU!
misinterpret!vT!

interrogate(

interrupt(

interrupt!vIT!!stop!
doing!sth!
temporarily!
!

interstate!!!see!also!
4!
@!state
interval(

interrupt!vIT!!when!
sb!is!speaking(
interruption!nCU!
!

interrogate!vT!
interrogation!nCU(
!

interstate!adj!Am!

interval!nC!!gap!in!
time,!space!

at(intervals(

intervene(

interval!nC!!break!
during!a!
performance!
intervention!nCU!

intervene!vI!

intervening!adj!

interview(

interviewer!nC!

interviewee!nC!

intimate(

interview!nC!!for!job,! interview!nC!!on!
etc!
radio,!TV!etc!
interview!vT!
!
!

intimate!adj!

intimacy!nU!

intimately!adv!

intimidate(

intimidate!vT!

into(

into!prep!!towards!
the!inside!

into!prep!!towards(

intolerable!!see!also!
@!tolerant/(
tolerable(

into!prep!!change!
into!sth(
into!prep!!collision!
!

intimidating!adj!
intimidation!nU!
!

intolerable!neg!adj!

intolerant!neg!adj(
intolerance!nU(
intolerably!neg!adv!

misinterpretation!
nCU!
interrogator!nC!
uninterrupted!neg!
adj!

299!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

intonation(

intonation!nCU!

intoxicate!!see!also!
@!toxic/toxin(

intoxicate!vT!

intricate(

intricate!adj!

intrigue(

intrinsic(

intrigue!vIT(
intriguing!adj!
intrinsic!adj!

intoxication!nU!
intoxicated!adj!
intoxicating!adj!
intricacy!nCU(
intricately!adv!
intrigue!nCU!

introduce!vT!

introduction!nCU!

introduction!nC!!of!
book!

introduce !!put!sth!
into!use!
intrude(

introduce!vT(
introduction!nCU!
!

intuition(

invade(

invasion!nCU!

introduce !!sb!to!
sb/sth!

invalid !!see!also!@!
valid(
2
invalid !!sb!
handicapped!
invaluable!!see!also!
@!value/valuable(
invariably!!see!also!
@!vary/variably(
invent(

intrinsically!adv!

introduction!nC!!book!
for!beginners!
introductory!adj!
!

intrusive!adj!

invade!vIT!

intrude!vI!
intruder!nC!
intrusion!nCU!
intuition!nCU(
intuitive!adj!
!

invalid!neg!adj!

invalid!nC!

invalid!adj!

invader!nC!
invading!adj(
invasive!adj!
invalidate!vT(
invalidation!nU!
invalid(out!phr!v!

invaluable!adj!

invariably!neg!adv!

invariable!neg!adj!

invent!vT!!create,!
design,!etc!

invent!vT!!falisify!

invention!nC!!sth!
invented!

inventor!nC(
reinvent!vT!
invention!nCU!!act;!

inventive!adj(
inventively!adv(
inventiveness!nU!

intuitively!adv!

300!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

quality!
!

reinvention!nCU!
!

inverted(commas!n!pl!!
see!also!@!comma(
!

inverted!adj!
inversion!nCU!
investing!adj!

investigator!nC!

investigative!adj!

invisible!neg!adj!

invite!vT!!ask!sb!to!
visit!

invitation!nCU!

invite!vT!!questions,!
etc!

invoice!nC!

invisibility!nU!
invisibly!neg!adv!
invited!adj(
inviting!adj(
uninvited!neg!adj(
uninviting!neg!adj!
invoice!vT!

invoke(

invoke!vT!

invocation!nC!

involve(

involve!vT!

uninvolved!neg!adj!

involuntary((see!also!
@!volunteer/(
voluntary(
invulnerable!!see!
also!@!vulnerable(
inward!!see!also!@!
outward(

involved!adj/!
involved(in((
involvement!nCU(
!

involuntary!neg!adj!

involuntarily!neg!adv!

iron!nU!
iron!adj!
!

inward!adj!
inwards!adv!Brit/!
inward!adv!Am!
!

invulnerable!neg!adj!
invulnerability!nU!
inwardly!adv!

ironing!nU!action!

ironing!nU!!things!to!be!
ironed!

iron(out!phr!v!
ironing(board!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!board

inventory(

inventory!nC!

invert(

invert!vT!

invest(

investment!nCU!

investigate(

investigation!nCU!

investigate!vIT!

invest!vIT(
investor!nC!
!

invisible!!see!also!@!
visible(
invite(

invoice(

iron !!metal!
iron !!make!cloth/!
clothes!smooth!

iron!vIT!
iron!nC!

301!

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irony(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

irrational((see!also!@! !
rational(
irregular!!see!also!@! !
1,!4!
regular

irrelevant!!see!also!
@!relevant(
irresistible!!see!also!
@!resist/resistible(
irrespective!!see!also!
@!respective(
irresponsible!!see!
also!@!responsible(

C1(

C2(

X(

ironic!adj!

irony!nU!
ironically!adv!
!

irrational!neg!adj!

irrationally!neg!adv!

irrelevant!neg!adj!

irregular!neg!adj!!
unusual,!illegal!
irregular!neg!adj!!
grammar!
irregularity!nCU!
!

irregular!neg!adj!!
misshapen!
irregular!neg!adj!!in!
time,!space!
irregularly!neg!adv!
irrelevance!nCU!

irresistible!neg!adj!

irrespective!neg!adj!

irresponsible!neg!adj!

irrigate(

irritate(

irritate!vT!

Islam(

island(

island!nC!

Islam!nU(
Islamic!adj!
isle!nC!

irrigate!vT!
irrigation!nU!
irritated!adj!
irritating!adj!
irritation!nU!
!

irresponsibly!neg!
adv!
irresponsibility!nU!
!

islander!nC!

isolate(

isolated(adj!

issue!nC!

isolate!vT!
isolation!nU!
!

irritant!nC!
irritable!adj(
irritability!nU!
Islamist!adj(
Islamist!nC!
island!nC!!in!road,!
etc!
!

issue!vT!

issue!nC!!edition!

issuing!adj!

issue !!subject,!
problem!
2
issue !!distribute,!
publish!
!

302!

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IT((see!also!@(
information(and(
technology(
it(
itch(
item(
ivory(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

it!pron/det!
itself!pron!!reflexive!
!

itself!pron!!emphasis!

IT(!nU!abbrev!=!
information!
technology!
it!!pron!introductory!

itchy!adj!

item!nC!!thing,!sth!on! !
list!
!
!

itemize!vT!

itch!vI(
itch!nC!
item!nC!!on!agenda,!
news,!etc!
ivory!nU!

by(itself(
in(itself(
!

jack(up!phr!v!raise!
with!a!jack!
dinner(jacket!nC!!see!
also!@!dinner!
!

Jj(

jack(

jack!nC!lifting!tool!

jacket(

jacket!nC!short!coat!

jade(

life(jacket!nC!!see!
also!@!life(
!

jade!nU!

jail/gaol(

jail!vT!

jam!nCU!fruit!food!

jail!nC!!see!also!@!
gaol!
!

jam !!overfill!

jam!vT!

jam!nC!
traffic(jam!nC!!see!
also!@!traffic(
!

jam(jar!nC!!see!also!
@!jar(
jam!vT!

jailer!nC!
jailbird!nC!informal!
jammy!adj!informal!

jar!!container!

jar!nC!

jargon(

jam(jar!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!jam
!

jam;packed!adj!
informal!
jarful!adj!

jargon!nU!

jaw(

jaw!nC!body!part!

jaw!nC!!fig.!
jaw!vI!informal!!talk!
jawbone!nC!!see!also!

jam !!fruit!food!
jam !!no!movement!

303!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

jazz(

jazz!nU!

jealous(

jealous!adj!

jealousy!nU!

@!bone(
jazz(up!phr!v!
informal!!enliven!
jealously!adv!

jeans(

jeans!npl!

jeep(

jeep!nC!

jeopardy(

jeopardize!vT!

jelly!nCU!Brit!dessert!
jelly!nCU!Am/!adj!Am!
jeopardy!nU!

jellyfish!nC!!see!also!
@!fish!
!

jerk(

jerk!vIT!

jersey(

jersey!nC!Brit!

jerk!nC!!tug!
jerky!adj!
!

jet(

jet!nC!!aircraft!

jumbo(jet!nC!

Jew/Judaism(

jewel(

Jew!nC!
Jewish!adj!
!

jewellery!nU!Brit/!
jewelry!nU!Am!

jewel!nC!!gem!

job!nC!

job !!task!

job!nC!

jockey(

disc(jockey!nC!!see!
also!@!disc/disk(

jockey!nC!

jog(

jog!vI!

jog!nC!

jelly

job !!paid!
employment!

jet!vI!
jetliner!nC!
Judaism!nU!
jewel!nC!!sth!valued!
jeweller!nC!Brit/!
jeweler!nC!Am!
jobless!neg!adj!
be(out(of(a(job(
job;seeker!nC!!see!
also!@!seek(
make(a(good(job(of(
sth(
a(good(job!(
jockey!VIT!
DJ!nC!abbrev!=!
disc/disk(jockey(
deejay!nC!abbrev!
jogger!nC!

304!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

join!vT!!connect!

joint!nC!!body!
joint!nC!meat!

join!nC!

joint!nC!!connection!

jogging!nU!
!

join!vIT!!become!
member!
!

join!vIT/join(in!phr!v!
joint/joint;!adj!
!

join!vIT!!meet!
together!
joke!nC!

jointly!adv!

joke!vI!

jolly !!happy,!
cheerful!
2
jolly !!intensifier!

jolly!adj!

jolly!adv!Brit!informal!

jokingly!adv!
joker!nC!
practical(joke!nC!
youre(joking!/you(
must(be(joking!!
exclam!
jollity!nU!
jolly!nC!informal!
(

jolt(

jolt!vT!

jolt!nC!

jot(

journalism!nU!

jotter!nC!
jotting!nC!
journalistic!adj!

journal !!diary!

journal!nC(
journalist!nC!
journal!nC!

jot!vT!
jot(down!phr!v!
!

journey(

journey!nC!

joy(

joy!nU!

overjoyed!adj!

enjoy!vT!

enjoy(oneself(

enjoyable!adj!
enjoyment!nU!

journey!vI!
on(a(journey(
joy!nC(
joyful!adj!
joyfulness!nU(
joyless!neg!adj(
joylessness!nU(
joyous!adj((
killjoy!nC!!!see!also!
@!kill(

join !/joint(!things!

join !!people!
joke(

journal !!magazine!

jointed!adj!
adjoin!vT!
adjoining!adj!
disjointed!adj!
(

305!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

pride(and(joy!n!sing!!
see!also!@!pride(

Judaism!nU!!see!@!
Jew!
1
judge !!person!who!
judges!

(
(

!
!

!
!

judge!nC!in!court!

!
!

rejoice!vI!
!

!
!

rejoicing!nU!
Judaism!nU!

judge!nC!!in!sport!etc! !

judge!nC!!sb!who!
decides!

judgement/(
judgment!nU!!good!
sense!

misjudge!vT!
judgemental/(
judgmental!adj!

judicial!adj!

!
jug!nC!Brit!amount!held!
by!a!jug!
juggle!vIT!

judicially!adv!
judiciary!nU!
jugful!nC!

judge !!decide!

judicial(

judge!vIT!!
judgement/(
judgment!nC!!legal!
decision!
judge!vIT!!decide!
judgement/(
judgment!nC!!
decision!
!

jug(

juggle(

jug!nC!Brit!!container!
see!also!@!pitcher!
!

juice(

juice!nCU(
fruit(juice!nCU!!!see!
also!@!fruit!

jumble(

jumble!nU!

jumbo(

jump(

jump!vIT!!leap!

jump!vI!!move!
suddenly!

jump!nC!
jump!vI!!increase(
jump!nC!!increase!

jumbo!adj(
jumbo(jet!nC!!!see!
also!@!jet!
!

X(

juggler!nC!
juggling!nU!
juicy!adj!
juicer!nC!
lemon/lime/orange/(
etc(juice!nCU!!!see!
1
also!@!lemon,!lime ,!!
orange(
jumble!vT!
jumble(sale!nC!esp!
Brit!!see!also!@!sale(
!

jumping!nU(
jumping!adj!
jump(the(queue!Brit!!

306!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

jumper(

jumper!nC!!sb!who!
jumps!
!

junction(

jungle(

junior(

junk(

jurisdiction(
jury(

C1(

C2(

X(

see!also!@!queue(
!

junction!nC!

jumper!nC!Brit!!
sweater!
!

jungle!nCU!

junior!adj!
junior!nC!
!

junk!nU!

jurisdiction!nU!

junk!vT!
junk(food!nCU!!see!
also!@!food(
junkshop!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!shop
!

jury!nC!

juror!nC!

just!adv!!very!
recently!
just!adv!!very!soon!

unjust!neg!adj!

just!adj((
!
justice nU!
just!adj!
justice!nU!

injustice!nCU!
unjust!neg!adj!

just !!exact/equally!

just!adv!!
exact/equally!

just!adv!!only/!simply( !
just!adv!!emphasis/!
very(

justify(

justification!nCU!

justifiable!adj!
justified!adj!

just(now!!at!present(
just(now!!very!
recently(
just(as(
justly!adv(
unjustly!neg!adv!
bring(to(justice!
justice!nC!
unjustly!neg!adv!
only(just(
just(a(second/(
minute(
just(about(
unjustifiable!neg!adj!
unjustified!neg!adj!
justifiably!adv(
unjustifiably!neg!adv!

just !!time!

just !!fair!
just !!lawfully!fair!

justify!vT!

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C1(

C2(

X(

juvenile!adj!

juvenile!nC!

justify(oneself(
!

kangaroo!nC!

keenly!adv!

keenness!nU!

keep!vIT!!retain!
keep!vT!!remain!
doing!sth!

keep!vI!continually!
do!sth!

keen!adj!
be(keen(on(
keep!vI!delay!

keep!vI!!stay!fresh!

keep(at(sth!phr!v!!
persist!
keep(back!phr!v!!
restrain!
keep(back!phr!v!!
withhold!information!
keep(down!phr!v!!
repress!
keep(down!phr!v!!
numbers,!prices,!etc!
keep(from!phr!v!!
prevent!
keep(from!phr!v!!
hide!information!etc(
keep(going!
keep(in!phr!v!!keep!
indoors(
keep(off!phr!v!!not!
walk!on(
keep(off!phr!v!!not!
eat,!drink,!etc!
keep(on(doing(sth!
phr!v!
keep(time(!or!keep(
good/poor/bad(time!!
1!
see!also!@!time

Kk(

kangaroo(
keen(

B2(

B1(

juvenile(

keep !!retain!

A2(

308!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

keep(up!phr!v!!
continue,!maintain(
keep(up!phr!v!!price!
keep(up(with(sb/sth!
phr!v!
upkeep!nU!
well;kept!adj!
innkeeper!nC!!see!also!
beekeeper!nC!
@!inn!
beekeeping!nU!!see!
housekeeper!nC!!see!
also!@!bee(
also!@!house(
bookkeeping!nU((
shopkeeper!nC!!see!also! bookkeeper!nC!!see!
1!
3
@!shop
also!@!book /books(
gatekeeper!nC!!see!
also!@!gate(
housekeeping!nU!
peacekeeper!nC/(
peacekeeping!nU!!
see!also!@!peace(
storekeeper!nC!esp!
Am!!see!also!@!store!
zookeeper!nC!!see!
also!@!zoo(
!
!

!
!

!
!

keep!vT!!look!after!
!

keep!vT!!goal,!etc!
(

keeper!nC!
goalkeeper!nC!!see!
also!@!goal!

keep !!promise,!
word,!etc!
kerb/curb!!see!also!
@!curb(

keep!vT!

kerosene(

kerb!nC!Brit/curb!nC!Am! kerbstone!nC!Brit/!
curbstone!nC!Am!!
see!also!@!stone(
kerosene!nU!
!

kettle(

kettle!nC!

key!nC((
key!nC!!answer,!
explanation,!etc!

keyhole!nC!!see!also!
@!hole!

keyring!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!ring
passkey!nC!!see!also!
2(
@!pass

keep !!manage,!look!
after!

key !!for!lock!

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2

key !!computer,!
typewriter,!etc!
3
key !!vital!

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

keyboard!nC!

key!vT/key(in!phr!v!

keypad!nC!

key!adj!

keyword!nC!

key !!music!

kick(

!kick(vIT!

kick!nC!

key!nC!
keyboard!nC!
!

kid!nC!informal!

kid!nC!!baby!goat!

kidnap!vT(
kidnapper!nC(
kidnapping!nCU!
kid!nU/adj!goatskin!

in(key(
off(key/out(of(key(
kicker!nC!
kick(in!phr!v(
kick(off!phr!v!
kick;off!nCU!
kick(out!phr!v!
kick(up!phr!v!
!

kid !!deceive,!
pretend!
kidney(

kid!vIT!

handle/treat(sb(with(
kid(gloves!!see!also!
@!glove(
kidding!nU!

kidney!nC!

kill(

kill!vIT!

killed!adj!

killer!nC!

killing!nCU!

kilogram(

kilogram!nC!!see!also!
@!gram!

kill!vIT!!finish!
kill(off!phr!!
killjoy!nC!!see!also!@!
joy!
kill(time!!see!also!@!
1!
time
overkill!nU!
painkiller!nC!!see!
also!@!pain(
weedkiller!nU!!see!
also!@!weed(
!

kid !!child!

kid !!baby!goat!

310!

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kilometre(/kilometer!! kilometre!nC!Brit/!
see!also!@!metre/(
kilometer!nC!Am!
meter(
kin(
!

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

km!abbrev!

kin!nU!
akin!adj!

kilometres/(
kilometers(per/an(
hour(
kinship!nU!
kindred!nU!oldJ
fashioned!!family!
kindred!adj!
of(a(kind(
unkindly!neg!adv!
unkindness!nU!
!

kind!nC!

kind(of!adv!informal!

kind !gentle,!
generous,!etc!
kindergarten(

unkind!neg!adj!

kind!adj(
kindness!nCU!
!

mankind!nU!!!see!
2!
also!@!man
kindly!adv!

kindergarten!nC!

kind;hearted!adj!!see!
1!
also!@!heart
!

king!!see!also!@!
queen(

king!nC!!!

kingdom!nC!!country!
with!a!king/queen!

kiosk(

kiosk!nC!

kingdom!nC!!
business!controlled!
by!sb!
!

kiss(

kiss!vIT!

kiss!nC!

kissing!nU!

kit(

kit!nC!

kit(out/up!phr!v!

kitchen(

kitchen!nC!

kite!!flying!toy!

kite!nC!

kitchen(sink!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!sink
!

kitten(

kitten!nC!

knee(

knee!nC!

kneel!vI!

knickers!Brit!

knife(

knife!nC!

knickers!npl!Brit;!!see! !
also!@!pants(
penknife!nC!
!

knife!vT!

knight(

knight!nC!

carving(knife!nC!!see!
also!@!carve/(carving(
!

knit(

knit!vIT!!wool!etc!

knitting!nU!

kind !!type,!sort!

knight!vT(
knighthood!nC!
knitted!adj(
knitting(needle!nC!

311!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

knob(

knob!nC!!round!handle!

knock(

knock!vIT/knock(on!
phr!v!!make!noise(
knock!vIT!!hit!

knock!nC!!noise(
knock!nC!!hit!

knot!nC!

knot!nC!

knob!nC!!lump(
doorknob!nC!!!see!
also!@!door!
knocking!adj!
knock(about/(
around(!phr!v!
knock(down!phr!v!!
demolish(
knock(down!phr!v!!
hit!with!a!vehicle!
knock(off!phr!v!!
finish!work(
knock(off!phr!v!!do!
sth!quickly(
knock(off!phr!v!!
reduce!price!
knock(out!phr!v!!
make!unconscious(
knock(out!phr!v!!
eliminate!!
knock;out!nC(
knock(over!phr!v!!hit!
with!vehicle!
knock(together/up!
phr!v!!make!sth!
quickly(
knock(up!phr!v!Brit!!
waken!
knot!vT!
knotted!adj!
knotty!adj!
knotted!adj!

knot!nC!

knot !!with!string,!
etc!
knot !!knot!in!wood!
knot !!speed!of!ship,!
aircraft!
!

312!

headword(

know(

knuckle(

A1(

know!vIT!!have!
knowledge(
know!vIT!!be!certain!
know!vT/know(
about!phr!v!!be!
familiar!
know!vT!!know!a!
language(
knowledge!nU!!of!
subject,!language,!
etc!
!

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

know!vT!!recognize!
you(know!filler(
knowledge!nU!!
awareness!
known!adj!
unknown!neg!adj!
let(sb(know!!see!also!
1
@!let !
well;known!adj(
!

well;known!adv(
!

knowledgeable!adj!

knuckle!nC!

X(

know(how(to(do(sth(
get(to(know(sb/sth(
know(better((than)(
(not)(to(ones(
knowledge(
knowledgeably!adv!
unknown!nCU!
knowing!adj!
knowingly!adv(
unknowingly!adv!
(
knuckle(down!phr!v!
knuckle(under!phr!v!

Ll(

label(

label!!nC!!card!sign!

label!vT!!attach!label!

label!!nC!!description!
label!!nC!!brand!

laboratory(

lab!nC!

laboratory!nC!

label!vT!!describe!
labelled!adj!Brit/!
labeled!adj!Am!
labelling!nU!Brit/!
labeling!nU!Am!
!

labour/labor(

labour!nCU!Brit/!
labor!nCU!Am!!work,!
effort!
!

labour!nU!Brit/labor!
nU!Am!!workers!

labourer!nC!Brit/!
laborer!nC!Am!

labour!vI!Brit/labor!vI!
Am!

laborious!adj!
laboriously!adv!

lace!nU!!decorative!
cloth!
!

lace!vT/lace(up!phr!v!

lack(

lack!nCU!

lack!vT!

lacking!adj!

lace!nC(
shoelace!nC!!see!also!@!
shoe(
!

lad(

lad!nC!informal!

the(lads!npl!Brit!
informal(
laddish!adj!Brit(

lace !!decorative!
cloth!
2
lace !!for!shoes!

be(lacking(in(

313!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

ladette!nC!informal!
ladder!nC!!damage!to!
nylons,!stockings,!
tights,!pantyhose,!
etc!
rope(ladder!nC!!see!
also!@!rope(
!

ladder(

ladder!nC!

lady(

lady!nC!

Lady!title!Brit!

lager(

ladies/the(ladies!npl!!
female!lavatory!
!

lager!nCU!Brit!

landlady!nC!!see!also!@!
1!
land
!

lake(

lake!nC!

lamb(

lamb!vI!
lambing!nU!

lame(

lamb!nC!!young!
sheep!
lamb!nU!!meat!
lame(adj!!limping!

lament(

lament!vIT!

lamp(

land!nU!!ground;!not!
sea!

land!nC!!country;!
state!

landlord!nC!!see!also!
@!lord(
landscape!nC!

lamp!nC!
lamp;post!nC!!see!
3!
also!@!post
!

lame!adj!!weak!
lame!vT(
lameness!nU!
lament!nC!
lamentable!adj!
lamentably!adv!
lampshade!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!shade

inland!adj(
mainland!nU!!see!
also!@!main(

landlady!nC!!see!also!@!
lady(
landmark!nC(
landowner!nC!!see!also!
@!own/owner(
farmland!nU!!see!also!
@!farm(
grassland!nCU!!see!also!
@!grass(
highland!nC(

land !!ground!

landscape!vT(
landscaping!nU!
landslide!nC!!see!also!
@!slide(
inland!adv(
by(land(
overland!adj!

314!

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A1(

land !!arrive!by!
aircraft!or!ship!
landing!!upstairs!
corridor!
lane(

language!!see!also!@!
linguistic(
lantern(

A2(

land!vI!!arrive!by!
aircraft!
!

B1(

!
!

B2(

C1(

land!vI!!arrive!by!ship( !
landing!nCU!
landing!nC!
!

C2(

X(

homeland!nC!!see!also!
@!home(
lowland!nC/adj!
upland!adj!
uplands!n!pl!
woodland!nU!!see!also!
1&2!
@!wood
!

language!nC!!specific!
language!
!

lane!nC!!narrow!road!
lane!nC!!area/path!
used!by!vehicles!
language!nU!!system;! native(language!nC!!
ability!
see!also!@!native(
!
!

lantern!nC!

laptop((computer)(!
nC!

lap!nC!

lap!vT!

lap(dancing!nU!!see!
also!@!dance/(
dancing(
lapdog!nC!!see!also!
@!dog(
lap(up!phr!v!

lap!nC!

lap!vIT!

large!adj!

at(large(

large;scale!adj!!see!
1!
also!@!scale
!

enlarge!vIT!

largely!!mostly!

largely!adv!

enlarged!adj(
enlargement!nCU!
by(and(large!

laser(

laser!nC!

lap !!body!area!

lap !!drink!with!
tongue!
3
lap !!part!of!race!or!
journey!
large!!big!

315!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

last!adj/adv!!final;!
after!all!others!
last!pron/nU/adj!!
only!one!remaining!

last!adj/adv!!most!
recent!

at((long)(last(

lash!nC!
eyelash!nC!!see!also!@!
eye(
lastly!adv!

last!vI!

everlasting!adj!

lasting!adj!

later!adj!!after!the!
specified!time!

latest!adj!

at(the((very)(latest(

late !!dead,!finished!

late!adj/adv!!near!
the!end!
late!adj/adv!!after!
the!specified!time!
later!adj/adv!!in!
future!
!

late!adj!

late;night!adj!!see!
also!@!night(
later(on!adv(
sooner(or(later!!see!
also!@!soon/sooner(
see(you(later!exclam!
!

lately(

lately!adj!

latent(

latent!adj!

latin/Latin(

latin!adj!

latitude(

latitude!nCU!

Latin!nU!
Latino!nC!
latitudinal!adj!

latter(

latterly!adv!

laugh(

laugh!vI(
laugh(at(sb/sth!phr!v!

latter!adj//the(latter!
pron!
!

laugh!nC!
laughter!nU!

launch(

launch!vT!!start!sth!

launch!vT!!ship,!
rocket,!etc!
launch!nC!!ship,!

launch!nC!!event!

laugh(off!phr!v(
laughable!adj(
laughing!adj!
launch(into!phr!v!
launcher!nC!
launching!nC!

lash

last !!final!

last !!continue!!
late !!time!

the(last(
person/thing(
the(last(but(one!Brit!
last;minute!adj(
the(last(minute!!see!
also!@!minute(
last(name!!see!also!
@!name(
longlasting!adj!

316!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

rocket,!etc!

laundry(

laundry!nC!!shop!

lavatory(

lavatory!nC!

lavender(

lavish(

1!

law

law /in;law(

laundry!nU!!things!to!
be!washed!
!

lavender!nU!

lavish!adj!

law!nC!!legal!rule(
the(law!nU!
law(court!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!court

law!nC!of!science,!
nature,!etc(
lawyer!nC!

law(court!nC!!see!
1
also!@!court !

lawsuit!nC!
unlawful!neg!adj!

lawful!adj(
outlaw!nC!

brother;in;law!nC!
daughter;in;law!nC!
father;in;law!nC!
mother;in;law!nC(
sister;in;law!nC!
son;in;law!nC!

X(

launchpad!nC!Am/(
launching(pad!nC!
3(
Brit!!see!also!@!pad
launder!vT!
launderette!nC!
lavatorial!adj!
public(lavatory!nC!!
see!also!@!public(
!
lavish!vT(
lavish(on/upon!phr!v(
lavishly!adv!
law!nU!!academic!
subject!
by(law(
lawmaker!nC!
law;making!adj!
lawfully!adv!
unlawfully!neg!adv!
lawless!adj!
lawlessly!adv!
lawlessness!nU(
letter(of(the(law!nC!!
2
see!also!@!letter (
outlaw!adj!
outlaw!vT!
law(and(order!!see!
5(
also!@!order
parent;in;law!nC!!
see!also!@!parent(
in;laws!npl!

317!

headword(

lawn(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

lawn!nC!

lay !!set!down!on!
ground,!etc!

lay!vT!

layer!nC!

lay !!not!a!priest;!not!
a!professional/!
layman/laity(
3
lay !!lay!an!egg!

lay!adj!

lay!vIT!

layered!!adj!
layering!nU!
layabout!nC!
lay;by!nC!
lay;off!nC!
layout!nC!
lay(aside!phr!v(
lay(by!phr!v(
lay(down!phr!v!!
order!
lay(down(ones(arms!
phr!v!!!surrender;!!
2(
see!also!@!arm
lay(off(!phr!v!
informal!!stop!doing!
sth!
lay(off!phr!v!!stop!
employing!sb!
lay(on!phr!v!!provide!
lay(out!phr!v!!arrange!
lay(over!phr!v!!spend!
the!night!somewhere!
lay(up!phr!v!!be!ill!in!
bed!
layman!nC!!see!also!
2
@!man /men(
laity!nU!
new/freshly;laid!adj!

lazy(

lazy!adj!

lazily!adv!
laziness!nU!
lazy(bones!nC!
informal!

318!

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A1(

lead!vIT!!be!in!
charge,!in!command!
lead!vT!!be!in!front;!
be!winning!
leader!nC!

lead !!be!in!front!

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

leading!adj!

mislead!vT!

misleading!neg!adj!

cheer(leader!nC!esp!
Am!!see!also!@!
1(
cheer

lead!n!sing!!first!
place!in!race,!etc!
lead!nC!!main!actor!
in!play,!film!
leadership!nU!
be(in(the(lead(
!

leaf!nC!

lead!nU!
leaded!adj!
unleaded!neg!adj!
leafy!adj!

leaf !!paper!etc!

leaf!nC!

leaflet!nC!

leaf(through!phr!v!

league(

league!nC!!sport!

leak(

leak!vIT!!liquid,!etc!

leak!nC!escaping!
liquid!

leak!nC!!revealed!secret!
leak!vT!!reveal!secret!

leafless!neg!adj!
fig(leaf!nC!!see!also!
@!fig(
lettuce(leaf!nC!!see!
also!@!lettuce(
overleaf!adv!
turn(over(a(new(leaf(
league(!nC!!society,!
club!
in(league((with)(
leakage!nU(
leaky!adj!

lean!vIT!

lean !!not!fat!

lean!adj!!not!fat!

leap(

leap!vI!

leap!nC!

lead !!!metal!

leaf !!of!tree,!plant!

lean !!incline!

lean(against/on!phr!
v!
lean(on!phr!v!!
depend!on!
lean(towards!phr!v!
leaning!adj!
leaning!nC!
lean!adj!!with!
shortages!
by(leaps(and(bounds(
leap(year!nC!!see!
also!@!year(

319!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

learning!nU!

learned!adj!

learn!vIT!!be!
informed!
learner!nC!

learn(ones(lesson(

lease!nC!

lease!vT!

leasing!nU!
lessee!nC!
leash!nC!

learn(

learn!vIT!!acquire!
knowledge,!skills,!etc!

lease(

learn!vT!!memorise!
learn!vIT!!change!
because!of!
experience!
!

leash(

unleash!vT!

least(

least!adj/adv!

at(least(

least/the(least!pron!

leather(

leather!nCU!

leave!vIT!!depart!

leave!vT!!after!ones!
death,!in!ones!will!
leave((well)(alone!
phr!v!

leave !official!
holiday!

3!

leave!vT!!not!take!sth! leave(sb/sth(out!phr!
leave!vT!!remain;!
v!
deposit!
leave(!vT!!leave!in!a!
condition(
leave!vT!!leave!sth!
forgetfully!
!
!

leave!nU!

lecture(

lecturer!nC!

leave !!depart!
leave !!opp!take!

lecture!nC!
lecture!vIT!

X(

least(of(all(
not(in(the(least(
to(say(the(least(
last(but(not(least(
leathery!adj!
leaving!nU(
take(ones(leave(
leave(behind!phr!v!
leave(in!phr!v(
leave(off!phr!v(
leave(on!phr!v!
leave(over!phr!v!
leftover!adj!
on(leave(
take(leave(
absent(without(
leave(
lectureship!nC!
lecture(room!nC!!see!
1
also!@!room (
lecture(hall!nC!!see!
1
also!@!hall !
lecture(theatre!nC!
Brit/lecture(theater!
nC!Am!!see!also!@!

320!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

ledge!nC!

theatre/(theater(
!

left!adj/adv!

left!nU!

left;winger!nC!

leg!nC!!body!part!

leg!nC!!of!table,!
chair,!etc!

left;hand!adj(
left;handed!adj!
the(left!nU(
left;wing!adj!
!

leg !!stage!of!journey!

leg!nC!

leggings!npl!
leggy!adj!informal(
legroom!nU!!see!also!
2(
@!room
not(have(a(leg(to(
stand(on(
pull(sbs(leg(
!

legacy(

legal(

legal!adj!!lawful(
legal!adj!!connected!
with!the!law!

illegal!neg!adj!

legacy!nC!!
inheritance!
legally!adv!

legend(

legend!nC!!old!story!

legendary!adj!

legislation(

legislation!nU!

legislative!adj!

legislature!nC!

legitimate(

legitimate!adj!!legal!

legitimacy!nU!

ledge(
left !!opp.!right!
left !!political!
leg !!body!part!

illegally!neg!adv!

legacy!nC!!influence,!
memory,!etc!
legalize!vT(
legalization!nU!
legality!nCU!
legal(aid!nU!!see!also!
@!aid(
legend!nC!!famous!
person;!reputation!
legislate!vI!
legislator!nC!
legitimate!adj!!
reasonable!
legitimate(adj!!with!
married!parents!
illegitimate!neg!adj!
illegitimately!neg!
adv!
illegitimacy!nU(

321!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

leisure(

leisure!nU!

lemon(

lemon!nC!

lemonade!nU!

lend!!see!also!@!
borrow(

lend!vIT!!loan!sth,!
esp!money!

lender!nC!

length!!see!also!@!
long!

length!nCU!!distance!

length!nC!!time!

lengthy!adj!

lens(

leopard(

lens!nC!!in!
spectacles,!
instruments,!etc!
!

legitimately!adv!
at(ones(leisure(
leisure(centre!nC!
Brit/!leisure(center!
nC!Am!!see!also!@!
2!
center/centre
!
lemon(juice!nU!!see!
also!@!juice(
!
lend!vT!!give!
support,!etc!
lend(itself(to(sth!!be!
suitable!for(
lending!nU!
lend(a(hand!!see!also!
1!
@!hand
lengthen!vIT!
length!nC!!piece!of!
wavelength!nC!!see!also! sth!
2!
@!wave
at(length(
go(to(great(lengths(
!
lens!nC!!eye!part!

leopard!nC!

less(

less!adj/adv!

more(or(less!!mostly!

lessen!vIT!

lesser!comp!adj!

lesson(

lesson!nC!!learning!
experience!
!

lest(

lesson!nC!!at!school,!
etc!
!

more(or(less!!
approximately!
no(less(than(
learn(ones(lesson((
teach(sb(a(lesson(
!

let(us/lets!!
suggestion!
let(go/let(go(of!!
release!

let(sb(know!!see!also!
@!know(

let(sb(down!!
disappoint!

let(sb(off!phr!v!!not!
punish!
let(alone!!see!also!@!
alone(

let !!allow,!permit!

let!vT!

leisurely!adv!

lest!conj!

let(off!phr!v!!
firework,!bomb,!etc!
let(sb(off(the(hook!!
see!also!@!hook(

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headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

let !Brit!!rent!to!sb!

let(sb/sth(down!!
lower!
let(sb/sth(in!!permit!
entry!
let(sb/sth(out!!
release;!reveal!!
!

lethal(

lethal!adj!

let!nC!esp!Brit!
letting!nC!esp!Brit!
let(out(to(sb(
to(let(
!

letter !!
correspondence!
2
letter !!of!alphabet!

letter!nC!

newsletter!nC!!see!
!
also!@!news
!

letter!nC!

letter(box!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!box
!

lettuce(

lettuce(nC!

level!nC!!amount!

level!nCU!standard!

level!adj!!at!same!
height,!rank,!etc!

level!adj!

level!vT!

letter(of(the(law!!see!
also!@!law(
to(the(letter(
lettering!nU!
lettuce(leaf!nC!!see!
1!
also!@(leaf
level!nC!!floor!of!
building!
level!nC!!rank,!
position,!rank,!etc!
high;level!adj!!see!
also!@(high(
sea;level!n!sing!!see!
also!@!sea(
level(off/out!phr!v!
level!nC!!device!
level(crossing(!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!
1
cross /crossing;(
railroad(crossing!nC!

level !!amount,!etc!

level !!flat!

let(out!phr!v!!cry,!etc!
let(through!phr!v!!
permit!to!pass;!not!
detect(
let(up!phr!v!!cease!
let!vT!Brit!

323!

headword(

lever(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

Am!
lever!vIT!

liable !!legally!
responsible!
2
liable !!likely!

liability!nU!

liable!adj!

lever!nC!
leverage!nU!
!

liable(!adj!

liaison(

liaison!nC!

liaise!vI!

liberal(

liberal!adj!!tolerant!

liberal!adj!!politically!
liberal!

liberal!nC!

liberalism!nU!

liberty!!!

liberty!nU!

liberation!nU!
liberate!vT!

library(

library!nC!

librarian!nC!

liberally!adv!
liberalize!vT!
liberalization!nU!
illiberal!neg!adj!
illiberally!neg!adv!
liberated!adj!
liberating!adj(
liberator!nC!
at(liberty(
!

licence/license(

license!vT!

licensed!adj(
licensing!nU!
unlicensed!neg!adj!
license(plate!nC!esp!
Am!!see!also!@!plate(

lick(

licence!nC!Brit/!
license!nC!Am(
driving(licence!nC!
Brit/!drivers(license!
nC!Am!!see!also!@!
drive/driver/driving(
!

lick!vIT!!with!tongue!

lick!nC!

lid(

lid!nC!

lie!vI(!go!flat(
lie(down!phr!v!

lie!vI!!be!in!a!flat!
position!

lie!vI!!exist,!be!
situated!

lick!vIT!!waves,!flames,!
etc!
eyelid!nC!!see!also!@!
eye(
!

lie !!be/go!flat!

!
lie!vI!!responsibility,!
blame,!etc(
lie(about!phr!v!
lie(behind!phr!v(
lie(in!phr!v!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

lie !!untruth!

lie!vI!

lie!nC!

liar!nC!

lieutenant(

lieutenant!nC!

life!!see!also!@!live(

life!nCU!!period!
between!birth!and!
death!
live!vI!

life!nCU!!way!of!
living;!aspect!of!life!

life!nU!!opp!death!
(

life!nU!!energy(
life!nU!!all!living!
creatures((
!

way(of(life(

life(jacket!nC!!see!
also!@!jacket(
lifestyle!nCU!!see!
1
also!@!style (
lifetime!nC!!see!also!
@!time(
wildlife!nU!!see!also!
@!wild(

lifespan!nC!!see!also!
@!span!

lifeboat!nC!!see!also!@!
boat(
lifelong!adj!
!

lift!vT!!raise!

lift!vIT!!lift!and!raise!
lift!nC!Brit!!ride,!
journey!
lift!nC!Brit!!see!also!
@!elevator!nC!Am!

lift!nC!!act!of!lifting!

sunlight!nU!!see!also!

lighten!vIT!

moonlight!nU!!see!also!

lift(

light !!brightness,!
!

light!nU!!e.g.!sunlight! light!adj!

X(

belie!vT!formal(
lying!nU(
live(a(lie(
white(lie!nC!!see!also!
@!white(
!
life!nC!!person(
life!nC!!biography!
life!nC!usu!sing!!
validity,!duration,!etc(
bring(to(life(
come(to(life(
for(life(
take(ones(own(life(
afterlife!nC!
lifeless!neg!adj!
lifelike!adj!
lifesaver!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!save
life;size!adj!!see!also!
@!size(
mid;life!adj!!see!also!
@!middle/mid;(
real;life!adj!!see!also!
@!real(
lift!vIT!!ban,!
objection,!!threat,!
cloud,!etc!
shoplifting!nU!
shoplifter!nC!
shoplift(vI!!see!also!
1(
@!shop
lighted!adj!

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lamp!

A1(

A2(

light!adj!

B1(

B2(

@!sun!

C1(

daylight!nU!!see!also!
@!day(

C2(

@!moon(
twilight!nU!

X(

starlight!nU!!see!also!
1
@!star !
bring(to(light(
cast/throw(light(
on/upon(
come(to(light(
in(the(light(of(
light(up!phr!v!
flashlight!nC!Am!!see!
1!
also!@!flash,(torch
fluorescent(light!nC!
green(light!nC!
red(light!nC!
searchlight!nU!!see!
also!@!search!
alight!adj!

light!nC!!lamp!

light!vT!!illuminate(
traffic(lights!n!pl!!see!
also!@!traffic(

lighting!nU!
(

spotlight!nC!!see!also! headlight!nC!
1
@!spot (
lighthouse!nC!!see!also!
2
@!house (
(
!

light!vIT!!ignite!

light!nC!!match,!etc!
(

light!adj!!not!heavy!

light!adj!!light!meal!

light!adj!!not!serious!
lightly!adv!

lighter!nC/cigarette(
lighter!nC!!see!also!
@!cigarette(
!

light !!pale!

light!adj!

lightness!nU!
lighten!vIT!
light;hearted!adj!!
1(
see!also!@!heart
lightweight!adj/nC!
lighten!vIT!

lightning(

lightning!nU!

like!prep!similar!
like!adj!formal!

like!prep!!such!as!

like!conj!informal!
unlike!prep/adj!

liken(to!phr!v!
likeness!nCU!

like!vT!!enjoy!
like!vT!!have!
affection!!for!

would(like/should(
like!!request,!want,!
invitation!

dislike!nCU!

alike!adj/adv(
like!nC!
likewise!adv!
dislike!vT!

liking!n!sing!

likeable/likable!adj(
as(you(like(
how(do(you(like(?!!
what!style!
have(a(liking(for(

light !!ignite!

light !!not!heavy!

like !!similar!

like !!take!pleasure!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

like !!pause!filler!

like(

likely(

unlikely!neg!adj!

likelihood!nCU!

not(likely!(

lily(

likely!adj(
likely!adv!
!

lily!nC!

limb(

limb!nC!!body!part!

lime!nC!

lime !!rock!

limit(

limit!vT!

limitation!nC!
speed;limit!nC!!see!
also!@!speed(
!

limit!nC(
limited!adj!!
restricted!
!

lime!nU(
limestone!nU!!see!also!
@!stone(
unlimited!neg!adj!

limb!nC!!of!tree,!etc!
tear(limb(from(limb(
lime(juice!nU!!see!
also!@!juice(
!

limp!vI!
limp!nC!
limp!adj!

line!nC!!mark!on!
paper,!road,!etc!

line!nC!Am!!of!
people;!!see!also!@!
queue(

line/railway(line!!nC!

underline!vT!!draw!
line!under!sth!

line!nC!!military!

line!nC!!wrinkle(

lime !!fruit!

limp !!walk!with!
difficulty!
2
limp !!not!rigid!
1

line !!mark;!length!

line!vT!!form!of!line!
of!sth!

stand(in(line(Am!!see!
1! guideline!nC!usu!pl!!
also!@!queue,(stand
see!also!@!guide(
(

linear!adj!
headline!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!head
underline!vT!!stress!

limiting!adj!
limitless!neg!adj!
limp!vI!!move!slowly!
limply!adv!

branchline!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!branch(
line;up!nC!
hairline!nC!!see!also!
baseline!nC!!see!also!@! @!line1(
3(
base
line!nC!!border!
coastline!nC!!see!also!@! line/line(of(work!nC!!
occupation!
coast(
line!nC!!line!of!
skyline!nC!!see!also!@!
argument!
sky(
line(up!phr!v!
neckline!nC!!see!also!
@!neck(
out(of(line(
shoreline!nC!!see!
also!@!shore(
waistline!nC!!see!also!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

line!nC!!phone!line!
online!adj/adv(
offline!adj/adv!

hold(the(line!!wait!on! !
phone!

pipeline!nC!!see!also!@!
pipe(

line !!cover!inside!

line!vT!

lined!adj!
lining!nCU!
liner!nC!

linen(

linen!nCU!

liner(

liner!nC!!passenger!ship!
airliner!nC!!see!also!@!
2
air /airline(

linger(

linger!vI!

linguistic!!see!also!@!
language(

linguistic!adj!

link(

link!vT!
link!nC!

linguist!nC!
linguistics!nU!
bilingual!adj!
linkage!nCU!

lion(

lion!nC!

lioness!nC!

lip(

lip!nC!

lipstick!nCU!

line !!cable,!tube,!
rope,!etc!

X(

@!waist(
in(line(with(
toe(the(line!!see!also!
@!toe(
eye;liner!nU!!see!
also!@!eye(
hotline!nC!!see!also!
@!hot(
plumb(line!nC!!see!
also!@!plumb(
fur;lined!adj!!see!
also!@!fur(
bin;liner!nC!!see!also!
@!bin(
!
cruiseliner!nC!!see!
also!@!cruise(
jetliner!nC!!see!also!
@!jet(
lingering!adj!
!

link(up!phr!v!
linked!adj!
cufflinks!n!pl!!see!
also!@!cuff(
sealion!nC!!see!also!
@!sea(
the(lions(share!!see!
1(
also!@!share
lip!nC!!edge!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

liquid(

liquid!nC!

liquid!adj!

liquor(

liquor!nC!

list!nC!

list!vT!

list !!lean!of!ship!

listen(

listen!vI/listen(to(
sb/sth(

listen!!exclam!

listener!nC!

list!vI!
list!nC!
!

literacy(

literacy!nU!

literate!adj!

literal(

literally!adv!

literal!adj!

literature/literary(

literature!nU!!works! literary!adj!
of!literature;!study!of!
literature!

list !!set!of!items!

X(

liquidize!vT!
liquidizer!nC!Brit!
!
listed!adj!
listing!nC!
blacklist!vT!
blacklist!nC!!see!also!
2(
@!black
checklist!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!check
shopping(list!nC!!see!
1
also!@!shop /(
shopping(
(
listening!nU!
listening!adj!
listen!nC!informal!
listen(in!phr!v!
listen(out!phr!v!esp!
Brit!
listen(up!phr!v!
illiteracy!nU!
illiterate!neg!adj!
computer;literate!
adj!
computer(literacy!
nU!!see!also!@!
computer!
!
literature!nU!!
documents!about!a!
topic!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

litigation(

litigation!nU!

litre/liter(

litter(

litre!nC!Brit/liter!nC!
Am!
!

literary(critic!nC!
literary(criticism!nU!!
2!
see!also!@!critic
litigate!vIT!
litigator!nC!
litigious!adj!
!

litter!nU!

litter!vIT!

little(

little!adj!!small!
little!adj!!young!
little!adj!!short!
little/a(little!
adv/pron!
live!vI!!exist;!have!life! living!adj!
living(room!nC!!see!
1
also!@!room (
alive!adj!

belittle!vT!
little(by(little(

live!vI!!survive!
lively!adj!!energetic!
live!adj!!alive,!living!
live!adj!!not!recorded!
living!nU!!
employment!

lively!adj!!colourful!

livelihood!nU!

liver(

live!vI/live(in/at!phr!
v!
!

live/live(on!!remain!
live(for(sth/sb!phr!v!
live(on/off!phr!v!
live(through!phr!v!
live(up(to!phr!v!
long;lived!adj!!see!
1(
also!@!long
cost(of(living!nC!usu!
sing!!see!also!@(cost(
short;lived!adj!!see!
1(
also!@!short
standard(of(living!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!standard
live(with!phr!v!

liver!nC!!body!part!

liver!nU!!food!

livestock(

livestock!nU!

lizard(

lizard!nC!

live !!have!life;!!see!
also!@!life(

live !!dwell;!inhabit!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

load!nC!!goods!
carried!
load!vIT!

unload!vIT!

loading(bay!nC!!see!also!
@!bay(
workload!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!work

load !!fill!weapon,!
computer,!camera,!
etc!
loaf(

download!nC!
upload!nC!

downloadable!adj!

loaf!nC!

load!adj(
download!vIT(
upload!vIT!
!

load!nC!!workload!
load/loads!nC!
informal!!a!lot/lots(
loaded!adj!
overload!vT!
overloaded!adj!
loaded!adj!

loan(

loan!nC!

loan!vT!

on(loan(

lobby!nC!

lobby !!pressure!
group!
lobster(

lobby!nC!

lobby!vIT!

lobster!nCU!

lobbying!nU!
lobbyist!nC!
!

local(

local!adj!

local(government!nU!! local!nC!!sb!living!
see!also!@!govern/(
locally(
government(
locally!adv!

locality!nC!

locate(

location!nC!

locate!vT!

located!adj!

relocation!nU!

lock(

lock!nC!
lock!vIT!

be(located(in/(
near/on,(etc(
relocate!vIT(
locker!nC!

load !!goods!carried!

lobby !!entrance!hall!

unlock!vT!

local!adj/nC!!
anaesthetic!
local!nC!Brit!!local!
pub!
dislocate!vT!
dislocation!nU(
!
lockable!adj!
locked!adj!
lock(in!phr!v!
lock(up!phr!v!
unlocked!neg!adj!
deadlock!nU!
deadlocked!adj!!see!
2(
also!@!dead
gridlock!nU!!see!also!
!
@!grid

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

locomotive(

locomotive!nC!

lodge !!claim!
officially!
2
lodge !!
accommodation!

lodge!vT!

lodge!vI!!stay!with!sb!

lodger!nC!Brit!

loft(

lodge!nC(
lodging!nU/lodgings!n!
pl!
loft!nC!

log!nC!

log !!record,!journal!

log!vT!

logic(

logically!adv!

logo(

logic!nU!
logical!adj!
!

logo!nC!

logger!nC!
logging!nU!
log!vT!
log!nC!
log(in/on!phr!v(
log(off/out!phr!v!
illogical!neg!adj(
illogically!neg!adv!
!

lone(

alone!adj!

alone!adv!

lone!adj!

loneliness!nU!
lonesome!adj!Am!

long!adj/adv!!time!
long!adj!!distance!

long!adj!!wordy!
long;term!adj!!see!
1!
also!@!term

lonely!adj!!feeling!
alone!
lonely!adj!!isolated!
long;time!adj!Am!

long;distance!adj!!see!
also!@!distance(
long;standing!adj!!see!
3!
also!@!stand

no(longer(
before(long(
long(after(
long(before(
long;lived!adj!!see!
1(
also!@!live
long;range!adj!!see!
2!
also!@!range
long;sighted!adj!!see!
1(
also!@!sight
longstanding!adj!
long;suffering!adj!!
see!also!@!suffer(
long;term!nU/adj!!

log !!wood!

long !!lengthy!

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B2(

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C2(

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see!also!@!term
longish!adj!
elongate!vIT!
elongated!adj(
longevity!nU!
so(long(as!conj!
!

1!

long !!yearn!

long!vI/long(for!phr!v!

longing!nU!

longitude(

loo(

longitude!nCU!
longitudinal!adj!
loo!nC!Brit!informal!

look!vI!!try!to!see!
sb/sth!
look(for!phr!v!
look!nC!!glance!
have/take(a(look(

look(after!phr!v!
look(out!!phr!v((
warning,!be!careful!

look(forward(to!phr!
v!
look(sth(up!phr!v!!
check!
look!nC!!expression!

look(into(sth!phr!v!!
investigate!
overlook!vT!!look!
over!

look(back((over)!phr!v!!
review!

loom!vI!

look(ahead!phr!v!
look(down(on!phr!v(
look(in((on(sb)(!phr!v!!
make!brief!visit!
look(on!phr!v!!
spectate!
look(over!phr!v!!
inspect!
look(round/around!
phr!v!
look(through!phr!v!!
skim!
look(to!phr!v!
look(up(to!phr!v!!
admire!
look(out!nC!
look(on/upon(sth(as!
phr!v!!regard!
looks!n!pl!
lookalike!nC!!see!also!
@!alike(
!
looming adj!

look !!sight;!!see!also!
@!outlook(

outlook!n!sing!!
future!
outlook(nU!!attitude!
outlook!n!sing!!view!

look !!!appearance!

look!vI!!seem!
(look(at!phr!v!!
consider/!examine!

loom(

look!vI/look(like!phr! !
v!!have!the!
appearance!of!sb/sth!
nice;/good;looking!
adj!
!
!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

loop(

loop!nC!

loose(

loose!adj!!not!
attached!

loose!adj!!not!
fastened!together(
loosen!vIT!

loose!adj!!not!literal,!
not!precise!

loosely!adv!
loose!vT!

lord(

lord!nC!!aristocrat!
landlord!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!land

lorry(

lose!vT!!opp!find(
lose!vT((patience,!
confidence,!temper,!
etc(
lose!vT!!job,!etc!
loss!nCU!!sth!lost!

lose!vT!!weight,!hair,!
blood,!etc!

lorry!nC!Brit!!see!also!
@!truck(
lost!adj!!at!unknown!
place!
lost!adj!!cannot!be!
found!

loss!nC!!opp!profit!

lose!vT!!time(
loss!nC!!loss!of!life!

lose!vIT(
loss!nCU!!defeat!

loser!nC!

lot !!piece!of!land!

lot/a(lot/lots(of!
adv/pron!
(

lottery(

lottery!nC!

lose !!have!sth!
removed!

lose !!be!defeated!

lot !!many!!!
2

X(

loop(!vIT!
loophole!nC!!see!also!
@!hole!
loop(the(loop(
loose(change!nU!!see!
2(
also!@!change
loose(thread!!nC!see!
also!@(thread(
lord!nC!!powerful!
man!
warlord!nC!!see!also!
@!war(
lord!nU!!title!
!
lose(ones(place!!see!
2(
also!@!place
lose(ones(way(
lose(oneself(in(sth(
lose(the(thread!!see!
also!@!thread(
at(a(loss(
losing!adj(
losing!nU!
lost(property(office!
nC!!see!also!@!
1
office ,!property!
the(lot!n!sing!!all!
parking(lot!nC!esp!
2(
Am!!see!also!@!park
lot!nC!!item!in!
auction(
cast/draw(lots(

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

lotus(

lotus!nC!

loud(

aloud!adv!

loud!adj!!noisy!

loud!adv!informal!!
noisily!

loudly!adv!

loudspeaker!nC!!see!
also!@!speak/(speaker(

loudness!nU!
out(loud!adv!

lounge(

love!nU!!of!sb!
love!vT!!like!sb/sth!
very!much!

love!nC!!interest,!
hobby,!etc!
in(love(
lovely!adj!Brit!!
enjoyable!
lovely!adj!!beautiful!

lounge!nC!!room!in!
house!
loving!adj!
beloved!adj!

love(

lounge!nC!!at!airport,! !
etc!
lover!nC!!sexual!
!
partner!
lover!nC!!fan!

low!adj!!not!high!

lower!adj!

lowland!adj!!see!also!@!
1!
land

low !!amount!

low!adj!!amount,!
number,!price,!
temperature,!etc!

low!adj!!sound,!heat,!
light,!etc(
lower!adj!

low!adv(
lower!vT!!!move!sth!
lower!
lower!vT!!reduce!

lounge!vI/lounge(
about/around!phr!v!
love!nC!!sb!loved(
love(at(first(sight(
would(love(to(do(sth(
make(love(
loved!adj(
love(from!!ending!
letter!
fall(in(love!!see!also!
1!
@!fall
low;level!adj!!see!
1(
also!@!level

low!nC!
low;profile!adj!

loyal(

loyalty!nCU!

loyal!adj!

low !!height!

lovable!adj(
lovingly!adv!

lowered!adj!
low;cost!adj!!see!also!
@!cost(
low;fat!adj!!see!also!
2!
@!fat
low;income!adj!!see!
also!@!income(
low;level!adj!!see!
1(
also!@!level
low;quality!adj!!see!
also!@!quality(
lowly!adv!
loyally!adv!
loyalist!nC!
disloyal!neg!adj(
disloyalty!nU!

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A2(

luck(

lucky!adj!

lucrative(

luggage(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

loyalty(card!nC!!see!
1
also!@!card !
in(luck(
out(of(luck(
unluckily!neg!adv!
!

luckily!adv!
unlucky!neg!adj!

luck!nU!!chance,!
fortune!
luck!nU!!success!
!

lucrative!adj!

luggage!nU!

luminous(

luminous!adj!

lump(

lump!nC!!large!piece!

lump!nC!!swelling,!
growth!

lunar(

lunar!adj!

lump!vT/lump(
together!phr!v(
lumpy!adj!
!

lunch(

lunch!nC!

luncheon!nC!

lunch!vI!

lung!nC!

luggage(rack!nC!!see!
also!@!rack(
left(luggage(office!nC!
Brit!!see!also!@!
office(
luminosity!nU!

lung(

lunch(break!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!break
lunchtime(nU!!see!
also!@!time(
!

lure(

lure!vT!

lure!nC!

lurk(

lurk!vI!

lush(

lush!adj!

lust(

lust!nU!

luxury(

luxury!nU!!great!
comfort!
luxury!adj!

luxury!nC!!sth!
unnecessary!
luxurious!adj!

lust!vI!
lust(after!phr!v!
lusty!adj!
luxuriously!adv!
luxuriate!vI!
the(height(of(luxury(

lunch(box!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!box

336!

headword(

A1(

lyric(

Mm(

ma!!see!also!@!
mother(
machine!!see!also!@!
mechanic/(
mechanical(

A2(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

lyric!nC/lyrics!n!pl!
lyrical!adj!
lyric!adj!

lyricist!nC!

grandma!nC!informal!! !
L
see!also!@!grand !

machine!nC!!device!

machinery!nU!
machine(gun!nC!!see!
washing(machine!nC!! also!@!gun(
see!also!@!wash(

ma!nC!informal!oldJ
fashioned!
mama!nC!informal!
sewing(machine!nC!!see!
also!@!sew/sewing(

mad!adj!!insane!

mad!adj!!silly,!stupid!

mad !!enthusiastic!

mad!adj!informal!Am!! !
angry!
!
!

mad!adj!
be(mad(about(sb/sth(

madam(

magazine!nC!

madam!address!
Dear(Madam!!letter!
opening!
!

like(mad(
madly!adv!!very!
much!
maam(!address!

magazine !!weapons!

magic(

magic!nU!!special!
power!

magazine!nC!!gun!part!
magazine!nC!!gun!
storeroom!
magical!adj!
magician!nC!

mad !!insane!

mad !!angry!

magazine !!journal!

B1(

madman!nC!!see!also!@!
3!
man
madness!nU!
!

machine!nC!!
organization!
machine!vT!
machinist!nC!
slot(machine!nC!!see!
also!@!slot(
vending(machine!nC!!
see!also!@!vendor(
madly!adv!
go(mad(
madden!vT!

magic!nU!!sth!
wonderful!

337!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

magistrate(

magnet(

magnificent(

magnitude(

maid(

B2(

magic!nU!!
entertainment!
magic!adj!!with!
special!power!
magistrate!nC!

C1(

C2(

magnetic!adj!!
attracting!iron!

magnet!nC!!metal!

magnificent!adj!

magnitude!n!usu!
sing!
maid!nC!
barmaid!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!bar

mail(

e;mail/email!nU!!
system!
e;mail/email!nC!!
message!
e;mail/email!vT!

mail!nU!!letters,!post!
mail!nU!!postal!
system!
mail!vT!esp!Am!
airmail!nU!!see!also!
2!
@!air

voice(mail!nU!!see!also!
@!voice!

main(

main!adj!!principal!

mainly!adv!

mainland!nU!!see!
1
also!@!land (
mainstream!adj!
mains!n!pl!Brit!

maiden!adj!

X(

magic!adj!!wonderful!
magically!adv!
black(magic!nU!!see!
2(
also!@!black
!
magnet!nC!!
attraction!
magnetic!adj!
attractive!
magnetism!nU!
magnetize!vT!
magnificently!adv!
magnificence!nU!
!
maiden!nC!
bridesmaid!nC!!see!
also!@!bride(
chambermaid!nC!!
see!also!@!chamber(
mailing!nCU!
airmail!vT!
mailbox!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!box
mailman!nC!Am!!see!
3!
also!@!man
mail(carrier!nC!Am!!
see!also!@!
carry/carrier(
main(course!nC!!see!
5!
also!@!course
mainframe!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!frame

338!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

maintain(

maintain!vT!!
continue!

maintenance!nU!!
repairs,!etc!

maintain!vT!!look!
after!

maize(

maize!nU!

in(the(main(
maintain!vT!!
continue!to!believe,!
state,!etc!
maintain!vT!!support!
family,!etc!
!

majesty(

majesty!nU!

majestic!adj!

majesty!nC!Brit!

major!adj!

major!nC!

sergeant;major!nC!

major(in(a(subject(

majority!nU!

major!nC!esp!Am!
major!vI!esp!Am!
!

make(!vT!!produce!
sth!
make!vT!!cause,!
force!

make!vT!!make!a!
meal!
make(sb(do(sth(

make!vT!!make!a!
film,!TV!programme,!
etc!
maker!nC!!
manufacturer!
make(sure!!see!also!
@!sure(
well;made!adj/adv!!
1!
see!also!@!well

make!vT!!estimate!
time,!total,!price,!etc!
make!vT!!earn!
!

making!nU!

be(made(of(
make(sth(into(sth!
phr!v!!convert!
make(sth(up!phr!v!!
lie,!invent,!etc!

make(it!vT!informal!!
reach,!attend!

make!vT!!give!job,!
title,!etc!
make(believe!!nU!
see!also!@!believe(
make(certain/sure!!
see!also!@!certain,(
sure(
make(love!!see!also!
@!love(
make(a(mistake!!see!
also!@!mistake(
make(do(with(
make(for!phr!v!!
travel!towards!
make(for!!phr!v!!
produce,!lead!to!
make((out)(of!phr!v!!

major !!serious,!
important,!large,!etc!
2
major !!military!rank!
3

major !!subject!at!
university!
majority!!see!also!@!
minority(
1
make !!produce!

be(in(the(majority(

339!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

film(maker!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!film

decision;maker!nC!!
see!also!@!decide/(
decision(

make !!brand!

home;made!adj!!see!
also!@!home(
make!nC!

man;made!adj!!see!also!
2
@!man !
!

think!about,!
conclude!
make(off!phr!v!!
escape!
make(out!phr!v!!bill,!
cheque,!etc!
make(out!phr!v!!
discern,!understand,!
etc!
make(up!phr!v!!
restore!a!relationship!
make(up(for(sth!phr!
v!!compensate!
lawmaker!nC!!see!
also!@!law(
matchmaker!nC!!see!
3!
also!@!match
planemaker!nC!!see!
!
also!@!plane
shoemaker!nC!!see!
also!@!shoe(
troublemaker!nC!!
1!
see!also!@!trouble
watchmaker!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!watch
tailor;made!adj!!see!
also!@!tailor(
!

make;up!!cosmetics!

make;up!nU!

made;up!adj!

malaria(

malaria!nU!

male!!see!also!@!
female(

male!adj!
male!nC!

malarial!adj!
anti;malarial!neg!adj!
!

340!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

malice(

malignant(

mall(

malnutrition!!see!
also!@!nutrition(
mama!!see!also!@!
ma,(mother(
mammal(

man !!adult!male;!!
see!also!@!woman(

man !!person

C2(

malice(nU!
malicious!adj!
malignant!adj!

mall!nC!esp!Am(
!
shopping(mall!nC!esp!
Am!!see!also!@!
1
shop /shopping(
!
!

malnutrition!nU!

mammal!nC!

mama!nC!informal!esp!
Am!
!

man!nC!!adult!male!

manhood!nU!
manly!adj!

man!nC!!any!person!

mankind!nU!

man;made!adj!!see!also!
@!make/made!

manliness!nU!
Man(Friday!nC!
best(man!n!sing!!see!
also!@!best!
man!vT!
manned!adj!
unmanned!neg!adj!
manhandle!vT!!see!
also!@!handle(
manhunt!nC!!see!
(
also!@!hunt
manpower!nU!!see!
2(
also!@!power
manslaughter!nCU!!
see!also!@!slaughter(
layman!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!lay
airman!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!air
bandsman!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!band

man!nC!!employee,!
etc!

man!nU!!mankind!

man /;man;!!see!also! chairman!nC!!see!

2
2!
@!woman !
also!@!chair
compounds!
!

X(

spokesman!nC!!see!
also!@!speak,(
spoken(

policeman!nC!!see!
also!@!police(
postman!nC!Brit!!see!
1!
also!@!post

businessman!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!business
fisherman!nC!!see!
also!@!fish(

barman!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!bar
congressman!nC!Am!!
1(
see!also!@!congress

chairmanship!nU!!see!
2(
also!@!chair
craftsman!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!craft

malignancy!nCU!

mammalian!adj!

341!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

workman!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!work

B2(

sportsman!nC!!see!
also!@!sport(
tradesman!nC!!see!
also!@!trade(

C1(

salesman!nC!!see!
also!@!sale(

C2(

X(

fireman!nC!!see!also!@!
1!
fire
foreman!nC!
gunman(nC!!see!also!@!
gun(
madman!nC!!see!also!@!
1!
mad
milkman!nC!!see!also!@!
milk(
seaman!nC!!see!also!@!
sea(
serviceman!nC!!see!also!
2
@!serve /(service(
statesman!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!state

batsman!nC!Brit!see!
1!
also!@!bat
binman!nC!Brit!!see!
also!@!bin(
cameraman!nC!!see!
also!@!camera(
caveman!nC!!see!also!
@!cave(
clergyman!nC!!see!
also!@!clergy(
conman!nC!!see!also!
2(
@!con
craftsmanship!nU!!
1(
see!also!@!craft
crewman!nC!!see!
also!@!crew(
doorman!nC!!see!
also!@!door(
dustman!nC!Brit!!see!
also!@!dust,(garbage(
freshman!nC!!see!
also!@!fresh(
frogman!nC!!see!also!
@!frog(
garbage(man!nC!Am!!
see!also!@!garbage(
handyman!nC!!see!
also!@!handy(
herdsman!nC!!see!
also!@!herd(
horseman!nC!!see!
also!@!horse(
mailman!nC!Am!!see!
also!@!mail(

342!

headword(

manage !!succeed,!
cope!
2
manage !!organize,!

A1(

manage!vIT!!succeed!

A2(

manage!vT!!organize,! !
control!

B1(

B2(

manage!vI!!cope!with! !
sb/sth!
!
manage!vT!!oversee!

C1(

C2(

X(

manageable!adj!

middleman!nC!!see!
!
also!@!middle
militiaman!nC!!see!
also!@!militia(
nobleman!nC!!see!
also!@!noble(
oarsman!nC!!see!also!
@!oar(
rifleman!nC!!see!also!
@!rifle(
right;hand(man!nC!
usu!sing!!see!also!@!
1
2(
hand ,(right
signalman!nC!!see!
also!@!signal(
showman!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!show
snowman!nC!!see!
also!@!snow(
sportsmanship!nU!!
see!also!@!sport(
swordsman!nC!
swordsmanship!nU!!
see!also!@!sword(
tribesmam!nC!!see!
also!@!tribe(
watchman!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!watch
yachtsman!nC!!see!
also!@!yacht(
!

managing!adj!

managerial!adj!
managing(director!nC!!

manageress!nC!
managed!adj!

343!

headword(

control!

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

mandate(

management!nU!
manager!nC!
!

mandatory(

manifest(

manifesto(

manipulate(

C1(

C2(

X(

mismanagement!nU!

mandate!nC!

see!also!@!direct/(
director(
!

mandatory!adj!

manifest!vIT!formal!
manifestation!nCU!
formal!
!

manifesto!nC!

manipulate!vT!

manipulation!nCU!

manner !!way,!
method!
2
manner !!way!of!
behaving!
manners!!polite!
behaviour!
manoeuvre/(
maneuver(

manner!n!usu!sing!

manipulative!adj!
manipulator!nC!
all(manner(of(

manner!n!usu!sing!

mannerism!nC!

manners!n!pl!

manor(

manor!nC!

manoeuvre!vIT!Brit/!
maneuver!vIT!Am!
manoeuvre!nC!Brit/!
maneuver!nC!Am!
!

ill;/well;mannered!
adj!
manoeuvring!nU!
Brit/!!maneuvering!
nU!Am!

mansion(

mansion!nC!

manslaughter(

manual !!instruction!
book!
2
manual !!by!hand!

manual!nC!

manslaughter!nCU!!
2
see!also!@!man ,(
slaughter(
!

manually(!adv!

manufacture(

manufacture!vT!!!
produce!

manual!adj!!by!hand,!
using!physical!labour!
manufacture!nCU!

manufacture!vT!!lie,!
invent,!etc!

manufacturing!adj!
manufactured!adj!

mandate!vT!

344!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

manuscript(

manufacturer!nC!
manufacturing!nU!
!

many(

a(good/great(many(

map(

many!adj/det!
many!pron!
!

map!nC!

map!vT!

maple(

maple!nCU!

marathon(

marathon!nC!

mapping!nU!
map(out!phr!v!
maple(syrup!nU!!see!
also!@!syrup(
marathon!adj!

marble(

marble!nU!

march!!style!of!
walking!

march!vIT!!walk!in!a!
military!way!

marcher!nC!
marching!adj!
march!nC!!music!for!
marching!

mare(

march!vIT!!walk!in!a!
determined!way!
march!vI!!protest,!
demonstrate!
march!nC!!protest,!
demonstration!
!

mare!nC!

margin(

margin!nC!!edge!of!
page!

margin!nC!!profit;!
difference!between!
two!figures!
marijuana!nU!

marginally!adv!

marijuana(

margin!nC!!edge!of!
sth!
marginal!adj!
!

marine !!relating!to!
the!sea!
2
marine !!naval!
soldier!
marital(

marine!adj!

submarine!nC!

marine!nC!

submarine!adj!
!
submariner!nC!

marital!adj!

extra;marital!adj!

maritime(

maritime!adj!

mark!nC!
mark!vT!!make!a!

marked!adj!

marking!nC!
birthmark!nC!!see!

mark !!line,!stain,!etc!

manuscript!nC!

345!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

quotation(mark!nC!!see!
1
also!@!quote /(
quotation(
exclamation(mark!nC!!
see!also!@!exclaim/(
exclamation(

X(

mark !!sign!

mark!
!

mark!vT!!indicate!

mark!nC!
mark!nC!!symbol,!
indication!

question(mark!nC!!
see!also!@!question(
trademark!nC!!see!
also!@!trade(

marked!adj!

mark!vT!

also!@!birth(
unmarked!neg!adj!
mark(off!phr!v!
mark(up!phr!v!
marker!nC!
wide(of(the(mark(
postmark!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!post
trademark!nC!!see!
also!@!trade(
mark!vT!!commemorate! markedly!adv!

mark!vIT!Brit!

mark!nC!Brit!

marker!nC!

supermarket!nC!

marketplace!nC!!see!
also!@!place(
hypermarket!nC!

mark !!notice,!see!
4

mark !!judge!school!
!
work;!grade!
1
market !!selling!place! market!nC!

market !!advertising,!
selling!

market!vT!
!

marketing!nU!

marry(

marry!vT!!wed!
marriage!nC!!
ceremony!

married!adj!

marry!vT!!perform!
wedding!ceremony!
marriage!nCU!!state!
of!being!married!

unmarried!neg!adj!

marsh(

marsh!nCU!

marshal!!military!

marshal!nC!

pass(mark!nC!esp!
3(
Brit!!see!also!@!pass
market(day!nC!!see!
also!@!day(
stock(market!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!stock
(
black(market!nC!usu!
sing!!see!also!@!
2(
black
be(on(the(market(
put(sth(on(the(
market(
get(married(
marriage(certificate!
nC!!see!also!@!
certificate(
marriage(vows!n!pl!!
see!also!@!vow(
marshy!adj!
marshland!nU!
!

346!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

rank!
martial(

martyr(

marvel(

Marxism(

marvellous!adj!Brit/!
marvelous!adj!Am!
!

Marxist!adj!

marvel!nC!
marvel!vIT!
Marxist!nC!

masculine!!see!also!
@!feminine(

masculine!adj!

mash(

mash!vT!

mash!nU!

mask(

mask!nC!
mask!vT!

mass!adj!

masses!n!pl!!many!
people!
!

mass!vI!

mass !!weight!

mass!nC!
massive!adj!
!

massacre(

massage(

mast(

massacre!nCU!
massacre!vT!
massage!nCU!
massage!vT!
mast!nC!

master(

master!nC!!expert!
master!nC!!boss!
master!nC!!teacher!

master!vT!
headmaster!nC!Brit!!
3!
see!also!@!head

master!nC!!degree!title!
masterpiece!nC!
mastery!nU!

master!adj!
masterful!adj!
masterly!adj!

mass !!large!amount!

martial!adj!
martial(art!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!art
martyr!nC!

mass!nU!

martyrdom!nU!
martyr!v!usu!pass!
!
Marxism!nU!
masculinity!nU!
emasculate!vT!
emasculation!nU!
mashed!adj!
mashed(potato/(
potatoes!nC!!see!also!
@!potato(
unmask!vT!
masked!adj!
masking!adj!
gas(mask!nC!!see!lso!
1(
@!gas
massively!adv!
amass!vT!
!

masseur!nC!
masseuse!nC!
!

347!

headword(

mat(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

mat!nC!

match!nC!

match!nC!

matchbox!nC!!see!
also!@!box(
!

match!nCU!
match!vIT!

matching!adj!

classmate!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!class

match!n!usu!sing!
match!vT!
mate!nC!
mate!vI!
mate!nC!Brit!
informal!

inmate!nC!
teammate!nC!!see!
also!@!team(

match !!for!starting!
fire!
2
match !!sport!

match !!similar,!
suitable!

match !!equal!
mate !!have!sex!with!
mate !!friend,!
companion,!etc!

A1(

X(

mastermind!nC!
mastermind!vT!
choirmaster!nC!!see!
also!@!choir(
postmaster!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!post
stationmaster!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!station
matting!nU!
doormat!nC!!see!also!
@!door(
mouse(mat!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!mouse
placemat!nC!!see!
1
also!@!place (
prayer(mat!nC!!see!
also!@!pray/prayer(
!
boxing/cricket/(
football,(etc((match!
nC!!(
matched!adj!
match(up!phr!v!
matchmaker!nC!
matchmaking!nU!
unmatched!neg!adj!
mismatch!nC!
mating!nU!
mating!adj!
cellmate!nC!!see!also!
3(
@!cell
flatmate!nC!Brit!!see!
2!
also!@!flat

348!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

housemate!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!house
playmate!nC!!see!
1
also!@!play (
roommate!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!room
soul(mate!nC!!see!
also!@!soul(
stablemate!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!stable
workmate!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!work
!

material !!cloth,!
fabric!
2
material !!physical!

material!nCU!

material!nC!!
substance!

material!nCU!
information,!!
documentation!

material!adj!

maternal(

mathematics(

mathematics!nU!
formal!
!

mathematical!adj!

matinee(

maths!nU!Brit/math!
nU!Am!
!

maternal!adj!
maternity!adj/nU!
mathematician!nC!

matinee!nC!

matrix/matrices(

matrix!nC!

matter(!nC!

whats(the(matter?(
it(does/doesnt(
matter!

matter!vI!

matter/the(matter!n!
sing!!problem!

for(that(matter(
as(a(matter(of(fact(
a(matter(of(opinion!!
see!also!@!opinion(
no(matter(
who/what/(
when/where/why/(

matter !!topic,!
subject!

matter !!be!
important!
!

materialism!nU!
materialist!nC!
materialist!adj!
materialistic!adj!
materialize!vI!
immaterial!neg!adj!
!
mathematically!adj!

349!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

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matter !!substance!

matter!nU!

how/whether,(etc(
!

mattress(

mattress!nC!

mature(

mature!adj!

maturity!nU!

maximum(

maturation!nU!
immaturity!nU!
!

may!

may(as(well(

maybe(

may!modal!v!!
possibility!
may!modal!v!!
ask/give!permission!
maybe!adv!!possible!

maximum!nC!
maximum!adj!
!

mature!vI!
immature!neg!adj!
maximize!vT!

mayor(

maybe!adv!informal!!
approximately!
maybe!adv!
suggestion!
maybe!adv!!
uncertain!response!!
perhaps!
!

mayor!nC!

maze(

maze!nC!

mayoral!adj!
mayoress!nC!
!

me!!see!also!@!I,(
my/(myself(
meadow(

me!pron!

meadow!nC!

meal(

meal!nC!!eating!
event!
meaning!nU!!
significance!

meal!nC!!what!is!
eaten!
I(mean!!clarification!

meal!vI!

mean!vT!!have!
significane!

meaningful!adj!!
significant!

meaningfully!adv!
meaningless!neg!adj!

mean(to!vT!!want,!
intend!

meant(for(sb/sth(

well;meaning!adj!

mean !!be!defined!as!

mean !!intend!
!

mean!vT!!have!
meaning!
meaning!nCU!!
definition!
!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

mean !!miserly,!
ungenerous!!
4
mean !!nasty!

mean!adj!

means!n!pl!!method!

means!n!pl!!method!

mean!adj!informal!
esp!Am!
by(all(means(

meantime(

meanwhile(

meanwhile!adv/n!
sing!
!

meantime!n!sing(
in/for(the(meantime(
!

by(means(of(
by(no(means(
means!n!pl!!wealth,!
financial!resources!
live(within/beyond(
ones(means(
!

countermeasure!nC!
usu!pl!
measure!nC!!device!
for!measuring!
tape(measure!nC!!
2!
see!also!@!tape
measurable!adj!
beyond/above(
measure(
for(good(measure(
measure(up((to)!phr!
v!
immeasurable!neg!
adj!
immeasurably!neg!
adv!
meat!nU!!substance!
meaty!adj!
sausage(meat!nU!!
see!also!@!sausage(

measure !!action,!
method!
2
measure !!find!size,!
amount,!etc!

measure(nC!
measure!vIT!

measure!nCU!!size,!
amount!

measurement!nCU!!
act!of!measuring!

measurement!nC!!
dimension!

meat(

meat!nCU!flesh!

351!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

mechanic!!see!also!
@!machine(
medal(

mechanism!nC!

medal!nC!

media(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

mechanically!adv!

mechanic!nC!
mechanical!adj!
!

medallist!nC!Brit/!
medalist!nC!Am!

media/the(media!npl! !

multimedia!adj!

medallion!nC!
gold/silver/bronze(
medal!nC!
!

mediate(

mediator!nC!

medicine(

medical!adj!

medicine!nC!!
substance!
medicine!nU!!
subject,!profession!
medical(centre/(
center!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!centre/center
!

medication!nU!

mediate!vIT!
mediation!nU!
!

mediaeval!adj!Brit/!
medieval!adj!Am!
!

meditation!nCU!

meditate!vI!

medium!nC!

meet!vIT!!meet!by!
arrangement!
meeting!nC!

medium!adj!
medium!nC!
meet!vIT!!meet!
socially!

meet!vIT!!join!
together!

meet !!fulfil!

meet!vT!

medium;term!nU/!
1!
adj!!see!also!@!term
meet!nC!Am!!
sporting!event!
meet(with!phr!v!
(Im)(pleased(to(
meet(you!!see!also!
2(
@!please
!

melody(

melody!nC!

mediaeval/medieval!! !
see!also!@!middle(
meditate(
!
1

medium !!method!of!
communication;!!see!
also!@!media(
2
medium !!middle,!
average!
1
meet !!come!
together!

medical!nC!
medicinal!adj!
medicinally!adv!
medically!adj!
medic!nC!informal!
paramedic!nC!

melodic!adj!
melodious!adj!

352!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

melon(

melon!nC!

melt(

melt!vIT!

member(

member!nC!!of!
family,!group,!etc!
member!nC!!of!club,!
etc!
!

membership!nU!!

Member(of(
Parliament!nC!esp!
Brit!

melted!adj!
melting!adj!
melting!nU!
!

membrane!nC!

memoir!!see!also!@!
memory(
memorandum(

memoir/memoirs!nC! !

memo!nC!informal!

memory(

memory!nCU!!
capacity!to!
remember!

memory!nC!!specific!
event!

memory!nU!!
computer!

memorize!vT!

in(memory(of(
memorable!adj!
memoir/memoirs!nC!

commemorate!vT!

mend(

mend!vT!

mental(

mental!adj!

mentally!adv!

from(memory(
refresh(ones(
memory!!see!also!@!
fresh,(refresh(
commemoration!nU!
commemorative!adj!
mend(ones(ways(
on(the(mend(
!

mentality(

mentality!nU!

mention(

mention!vT!

mention!nCU!

menu(

menu!nC!!restaurant!

menu!nC!!computer!

dont(mention(it!(
not(to(mention(
unmentionable!adj!
on(the(menu(

merchant(

merchant!nC!formal!

merchant!adj!

merchandise!nU!
formal!

membrane(

memorandum!nC!
formal!
memorial!nC!

merchant(bank!nC!
Brit!!see!also!@!
1!
bank
merchant(navy!nC!!
see!also!@!navy(

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

merchant(ship!nC!!
see!also!@!ship(
(

mercury!!metal!

mercury!nU!

mercy(

mercy!nCU!

mere(

merely!adv!

mere!adj!

at(the(mercy(of(
sb/sth(
have(mercy(on(
merciful!adj!
mercifully!adv!
merciless!neg!adj!
mercilessly!neg!adv!
!

merge(

merit(

merit!nC!

merge!vIT!
merger!nC!
!

merit!vT!

merry(

merry(Christmas!
exclam!

merry!adj!

mesh(

mess(

mess!nCU!!untidiness! mess!vT/mess(sth(up!
phr!v!!make!untidy!

message(

message!nC!!relayed!
information!

message!nC!!
important!idea!

merrily!adv!
merriment!nU!
make(merry(
merry;making!nU!
mesh!nU!
mesh!vI!
enmesh!vT!
mess(about/around!phr! mess!nC!usu!sing!!
v!!spend!time!doing!
chaotic!situation!
little!
make(a(mess(of(sth(
messy!adj!!!
mess((sth)(up!phr!v!!
spoil,!damage!sth!
mess(about/around!
phr!v!!not!behaving!
seriously!
mess(with!phr!v!!
become!involved!
with!sb/sth!
messenger!nC!
messaging!nU!

354!

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A1(

metal(

metaphor(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

metallic!adj!

metal!nCU!
metal!adj!
!

metaphor!nC!

meter!nC!

thermometer!nC!

meter /metre!!
distance!

kilometer!nC!Am/!
kilometre!nC!Brit!

millimeter!nC!Am/(
millimetre!nC!Brit!

metric!adj!

method(

method!nC!

meter!nC!Am/metre!
nC!Brit!
centimeter!nC!Am/!
centimetre!nC!Brit!
!

metaphorical!adj!
metaphorically!adv!
meter!vT!
barometer!nC!
speedometer!nC!!see!
also!@!speed(
kilometres/(
kilometers(per/an(
hour(

methodology!nCU!

meticulous(

meticulous!adj!

metre/meter!!
distance!

kilometre!nC!Brit/!
kilometer!nC!Am!

millimetre!nC!Brit/(
millimeter!nC!Am!

metric!adj!

kilometres(per/an(
hour(

metro(

metre!nC!Brit/meter!
nC!Am!
centimetre!nC!Brit/!
centimeter(nC!Am!
!

metro!nC!

metropolitan(

metropolitan!adj!

metropolis!nC!

microphone(

mike!nC!informal!

microscope(

microphone!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!phone
!

microscope!nC!

microscopic!adj!

microwave(

middle(

middle/the(middle!n!
sing!
middle!adj!!!

meter !!gauge,!
instrument!

microwave!nC!
!
microwave(oven!nC!!
see!also!@!oven(
middle(age!nU!
in(the(middle(of(sth(
middle;aged!adj!!see!
also!@!age(
middle(class!nC!!
middle;class!adj!!!see!

methodological!adj!
methodical!adj!
meticulously!adv!

microwave!vT!

middleman!nC!!see!
3!
also!@!man
Middle(Ages!n!pl!!see!
also!@!mediaeval/(
medieval(

355!

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(((((mid;(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

also!@!class
!

C2(

midday!nU!!see!also!
@!day(

midnight!nU!!see!
also!@!night(
(

((((midst(

amidst!prep!

midwife!!see!also!@!
wife(
1
might !!modal!v!

midst!nU!
amid!prep!
!

might!modal!v!

might !!power!

mighty!adj!

almighty!adj!

migrate(

migrate!vI!
migration!nCU!

X(

3!

mid;air!adj!!see!also!
2(
@!air
midfield!adj/!
midfielder!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!field
burn(the(midnight(
oil(
mid;life!adj!!see!also!
@!life(
midpoint!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!point
midsummer!nU!!see!
also!@!summer(
midterm!nCU!!see!
1&2(
also!@!term
midway!adj/adv!!see!
1(
also!@!way
midweek!adj/adv!!
see!also!@!week(
midwinter!nU!!see!
also!@!winter(
midyear!nU/adj!!see!
also!@!year(
in(the(midst(of(
midwife!nC!
midwifery!nU!
!
might!nU!
mightily!adv!
migratory!adj!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

migrant!nC!
emigrate!vI!

mild(

immigrant!nC!
immigration!nU!
!

mile(

mile!nC!

mild!adj!!not!strong!
mild!adj!!weather!
!

mild!adj!!food:!not!
spicy!
mileage!nU!

militant(

military(

military!adj!

the(military!nU!

militia(

milk(

milk!nC!

mill(

millennium!nC!
milligram/(
milligramme((see!
also!@!gram/(
gramme(
millimetre/(
!

C2(

X(

emigrant!nC!
emigration!nU!
!

mildly!adv!

!
go(the(extra(mile(

milestone!nC!!see!also!
@!stone(
militant!adj!
militant!nC!
!

militia!nC!

milk!vT!

milky!adj!

milkman!nC!!see!also!@!
3!
man

mill!nC!!factory!

mill!nC!!small!machine!
mill!vT!

millennium!nC!

militiaman!nC!!see!
3!
also!@!man
milkshake!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!shake
condensed(milk!nU!!
see!also!@!condense(
evaporated(milk!nU!!
see!also!@!vapour/(
vapor,!evaporate(
sawmill!nC!!see!also!
@!saw(
windmill!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!wind
miller!nC!
milling!nU!
!

milligram/(
milligramme!nC!!(

millimetre!nC!Brit/!

immigrate!vI!

!
militarily!adv!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

millimeter!see!also!
@!metre/(meter(
million(

million!nC!

millionth ordinal!

millionaire!nC!

mince(

mince!vT!

mind!nCU!!thought,!
brain,!etc!
!

mind!nCU!!opinion!

make(up(ones(mind(

remind!vT!
remind(sb(of(sb/sth(

reminder!nC!

mind!vIT!

would/do(you(mind(
if(?(
mind!vT!Brit!!take!
care!

minced!adj!
mince!nU!Brit!
mindful!adj!
mindless!neg!adj!
absent;minded!adj!!
see!also!@!absent(
bear/keep(in(mind(
call(to(mind!!remind;!
3(
see!also!@!call
change(ones(mind(
feeble;minded!adj!!
see!also!@!feeble(
simple;minded!adj!!
see!also!@!simple(
give(sb(a(piece(of(
ones(mind(
have(in(mind(
in(ones(minds(eye(
out(of(ones(mind(
presence(of(mind!!
see!also!@!present/(
presence(
to(my(mind(
broad;/narrow;
minded!adj!
state(of(mind!nC!!see!
1(
also!of!state
never(mind!(

mind !!thought;!!see!
also!@!remind(

mind !!object,!
oppose!
3
mind !!take!care!
!

millimeter!nC!Am!
!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

mine !!pron!!see!also!
@!I,(me,(my/myself(
2
mine !!underground!
working;!see!also!@!
mineral(
3
mine !!bomb!

mine!pron!

mind!vI/mind(out!
phr!v!!be!careful!of!
!

mine!nC!

mine!vIT!
miner!nC!
mining!nU!
!

mineral(

mineral!nC!

minibus!!see!also!@!
bus(
miniature(

mineral(water!nU!!
see!also!@!water(
!

gold(mine!nC!!see!
(
also!@!gold
!
minefield!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!field
mine!vT!
minesweeper!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!sweep
mineral!adj!

minibus!nC!!see!also!
@!bus!
(

miniature!adj!

minimum!!see!also!
!
@!maximum(
1
minister !!
minister!nC!
government!member!
2
minister !!priest!
!

minimum!adj!

minimize!vT!

ministry!nC!

prime(minister!nC!!
see!also!@!prime(
!

minimal!adj!
minimum!nC!
!

miniature!nC!
in(miniature(
miniaturize!vT!
minimally!adv!

ministerial!adj!

minister!nC!

minister!vI!

minor!!see!also!@!
1!
major

minority!nC!!small!
group!of!people!

minor!nC!

mint(

minor!adj!!!
minority!nU!!smaller!
part!
!

peppermint!nCU!

minus(

mint!nU!!plant!
mint!nC!!peppermint!
minus!adj/prep!

minus!nC!informal!!
disadvantage!
minus(sign!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!sign

mine!nC!

359!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

minute!nC!!60!
seconds!
!

minute!nC!informal!!
short!time!

in(a(minute!!soon!
!

minute!adj!

this(minute!!
immediately!
last(minute!adj/n!
sing!
the(minute(that((
up(to(the(minute(
just(a(minute!(
minutiae!nC!

minute !!record!

minutes!n!usu!pl!

minute!vT!

miracle(

miracle!nC!

miraculous!adj!

miraculously!adv!

mirror(

mirror!nC!

mirror!vT!

mirrored!adj!

mischief(

mischief!nU!

mischievous!adj!

misconduct!!see!also!
2!
@!conduct
misdeed!!see!@!
deed(
miserable(

misconduct!nU!

misdeed!nC!

miserably!adv!

misfortune!!see!also!
2!
@!fortune
misgiving(

miserable!adj!
misery!nCU(
!

misfortune!nU!

misguided!!see!also!
@!guide(
misinformation!!see!
also!@!information(

misgiving/misgivings!nC! (
usu!pl!
(
misguided!adj!

misinterpret((see!
2(
also!@(interpret
misleading!!see!also!
1!
@!lead

misinterpret!vT(

mislead!vT!

misleading!adj!

minute !!60!seconds!

minute !!very!small!

misinformation!nU!
misinformed!adj!
misinform!vT!
misinterpretation!
nCU!
!

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misrepresent!!see!
also!@!represent(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

miss!vIT!!not!hit!

miss!nC!

missing!adj!!lost,!
disappeared!

miss !!grieve!for!
sb/sth!
3
Miss !!title!!
unmarried!female!
missile(

miss!vT!!not!do!sth!
miss!vT!!be!late;!not!
turn!up!
miss!vT!!not!see,!
hear,!notice,!etc!
!

miss!vT!

Miss!nC!

missile!nC!

mission(

mission!nC!!task!

mist(

missionary!nC!!
religious!teacher!
mist!nCU!

mistake(

mistake!nC!
by(mistake(

mistake!vT!

mistress!!see!also!@!
master!

mistress!nC!!sexual!
partner!
headmistress!nC!Brit!

misunderstand((see!
also!@!
1&2!
understand
misuse!!see!also!@!

misunderstand!vT!!(

mistress!nC!Brit!!female!
teacher!
mistress!nC!!skilled!
woman;!woman!in!
charge!
misunderstanding!nC!
misunderstood!adj!

mission!nC!!
delegation!
mist!vI!
misty!adj!
mistaken!adj!
mistakenly!adv!
unmistakable!neg!
adj!
unmistakably!neg!
adv!
make(a(mistake(
!

miss !!not!hit,!etc!

misrepresent!vT!
misrepresentation!
nCU!
missed!adj!
miss(out!phr!v!

misuse!nCU!

361!

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A1(

A2(

use(
mix(

mix(vIT!!combine!
things!

moan(

mob(
mobile(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

mixed!adj!

mix!n!usu!sing!!
combination!
mix!nCU!!sth!already!
mixed!
mixture!nC!
!

moan!vIT!

mob!nC!

mobile!nC!Brit/!
mobile(phone!nC!!
1
see!also!@!phone ,(
telephone(

mobile!adj!
mobility!nU!
mobilize!vT!

mock!adj!

mock !!ridicule!

mock!vIT!

mode(

mode!nC!

mock !!imitation!

X(

misuse!vT!
mix!vT!!mix!socially!
mixer!nC!!device!
mix(up!phr!v!!confuse!
be(mixed(up(in(sth!
phr!v!!be!involved!
moan!nC!
bemoan!vT!formal!
mobster!nC!
mobilization!nU!
immobile!neg!adj!
immobilize!vT!
immobility!nU!
immobilizer!nC!
!
mockery!nU!
make(a(mockery(of(
sth/sb(
mocking!adj!
!

model!nC!!small!copy! !

model!nC!!example!

model !!sb!who!
shows!clothes!
4
model !!brand!

model!nC!

model!vIT!

model!nC!

model!adj!!small!
model!vIT!!make!
models!
model!adj!!very!good!
role(model!nC!!see!
also!@!role(
modelling!nU!Brit/(
modeling!nU!Am!
!

modem(

modem!nC!

moderate!

moderate!adj!

moderate!vIT!
moderately!adv!

moderate!nC!
moderation!nU!

model !!small!copy!
of!sth!
model !!very!good!

362!

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modern(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

modern!adj!

modernity!nU!
modernization!nU!

modest !!fairly!small,!
etc!
2
modest !!discreet!

modest!adj!

modestly!adv!

modernize!vIT!
modernism!nU!
modernist!adj!
postmodern!adj!
!

modest!adj!

modesty!nU!

modify(

modify!vT!
modification!nCU!

module(

moisture(

module!nC!!part!of!
sth!larger!
!

modified!adj(
genetically;modified!
adj!
modular!adj!

moisture!nU!

moist!adj!

moisten!vT!

mold!nU!Am/(mould!
nU!Brit(
mole(

mold!nU!Am/(mould!
nU!Brit!
!

molecule(

molecule!nC!

molecular!adj!

moldy(adj!Am/(
mouldy!adj!Brit(
mole!nC!!spy!within!
an!organization!
!

mom!!see!also!@!
mother,(mum/(
mummy(
moment(

mom!nC!informal!Am! !

mommy/momma!nC!
informal!Am!

moment!nC!!short!
time!

moment!nC!!
occasion!
at(the(moment(
just(a(moment!(

momentarily!adv!
momentary!adj!

momentum(

momentum!nU!

monarch(

monastery(

monarch!nC!
monarchy!nCU!
monastery!nC!

for(the(moment(
in(a(moment(
the(moment(that((
on(the(spur(of(the(
moment(
gain/gather(
momentum(
monarchist!adj/nC!

monastic!adj!

mole!nC!!small!animal!

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money(

A1(

A2(

B1(

money!nU!

monitor !!check!

monetary!adj!
pocket(money!nU!!
see!also!@!pocket(
monitor!vT!

monitor !!computer!
screen!
monk(

monkey(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

monitoring!nU!

monitor!nC!!person!
who!checks!
!

monitor!nC!

moneybox!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!box
money;making!adj!
monitor!nC!!testing!
device!
!

monk!nC!

monkey!nC!

monopoly(

monopoly!nC!

monkey(around!phr!
v!
make(a(monkey(of(
sb(
monopolize!vT!

monster(

monster!nC!

monstrous!adj!

monster!adj!

month(

month!nC!

monthly!adj!

monument(

monument!nC!

monumental!adj!

mood(

mood!nCU!

moody!adj!

moon(

moor(

moon!nC!
the(Moon!n!sing!
!

moonlight!nU!!see!also!
1!
@!light
moor!nC!Brit!

moonlit!adj!
full/new(moon!nU!
!

moral(

moral!adj!!virtuous!
moral!adj!!ethical!
immoral!neg!adj!

moral!n!usu!pl!!
principle!

morality!nU!
morally!adv!

morale(

morale!nU!

moral!nC!!lesson!
moralistic!adj!
immorally!neg!adv!
immorality!nU!
demoralize!vT!Brit!

more(

more!!forming!
comparative!adj/adv!
more!adj/det/pron!

more(or(less!!mostly!

the(more((the(
more/less(

more(or(less!!
approximately!

more(and(more(
all(the(more(
any(more(
more(or(less!
approximately!

364!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

moreover(

moreover!adv!formal! !

whats(more(
!

morning(

morning!nCU!

morning!adj!
in(the(morning(

mortal(

good(morning!
greeting!!see!also!@!
4!
good
!

mortar(

mortal!adj!
mortality!nU!!state!of!
being!mortal!
mortality!nCU!!rate/!
number!of!deaths!
mortar!nU!!cement!

mortal!nC!
immortal!neg!adj!
immortal!nC!
immortality!nU!
immortalize!vT!
!

mortgage(

mortgage!nC!

mortgage!vT!

mortgagee!nC!

Moslem/Muslim!!
see!also!@!Islam(
mosque(

Moslem/Muslim!adj!

Moslem/Muslim!nC!

mosque!nC!

mosquito(

mosquito!nC!

moss(

moss!nCU!

mossy!adj!

most(

most!!forming!
superlative!adj/adv!
most!adj/det/pron(

mostly!adv!

motel(

motel!nC!

at(most/at(the(most(
for(the(most(part(
make(the(most(of(
sth(
easternmost!adj!
northernmost!adj!
southernmost!adj!
westernmost!adj!
!

moth(

moth!nC!

mother!!see!also!@!
ma/mama,(mom/(
mommy,(mum/(

mother!nC!
mother!adj!
(

grandmother!nC!!see! !
also!@!grand;!

motherhood!nU!
mother;in;law!nC!!see!
2
also!@!law /in;law(

mothball!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!ball
mother!vT!
motherly!adj!
mother(tongue!nC!!

365!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

mummy(

X(

motif(

motif!nC!

see!also!@!tongue(
foster(mother!nC!!
see!also!@!foster(
godmother!nC!!see!
also!@!god(
single(mother!nC!!
2(
see!also!@!single
stepmother!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!step
!

motion(

motion!nU!

motionless!neg!adj!

motion!vT!

motive(

motive!nC!
motivate!vT!
motivation!nU!

motor(

!
!

motor!nC!
motorway!nC!Brit!!
3!
see!also!@!way

motor!adj!
motor(scooter!nC!!
see!also!@!scooter(

motorist!nC!
!

motor!vI!
motor;racing!nU!!see!
1
also!@!race /racing(

motto(

!
motorbike!nC!!see!
also!@!bicycle/bike(
motor(car!nC!!see!
also!@!car(
motorcycle!!see!also!
2!
@!cycle
!

motivated!adj!
motivational!adj!
motivator!nC!
demotivate!vT!
demotivated!neg!adj!
motorize!vT!
motorcyclist!nC!!see!
2
also!@!cycle /cyclist(
(

motto!nC!

mould/mold!!
bacteria!
mound(

mould!nU!Brit/mold!
nU!Am!
mound!nC!

mouldy!adj!Brit/!
moldy!adj!Am!
!

mount !!climb!

mount!vT!

mount!vI!

dismount!vI!
mounted!adj!
mounting!adj!

mount!vT!

mount !!increase!
mount !!organize,!
!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

launch!
mountain/mount(

mountain!nC!

mount!nC!
mountainous!adj!

mourn(

mouse!nC!

mourn!vIT!
mournful!adj!
mourning!nU!
!

mouse !!computer!
device!
moustache/(
mustache(
mouth(

mouse!nC!

mouth!nC!!body!part!

move(

move!vIT!!shift!
move!nC!!movement!
movement!nCU!!
shifting!

mouth!nC!!of!river,!
cave,!etc!
move!nC!!change!of!
living/work!place!

moustache!nC!Brit/!
mustache!nC!Am!
mouthful!nC!

move!vI!!go!to!live!
elsewhere!
move(house!Brit!!see!
1!
also!@!house
move!nC!!action!
movement!nC!!group!
of!people!with!same! !
aim!

moving!adj!

mouse !!animal!

X(

mountaineer!nC!
mountainside!nC!
mountaintop!nC!
mourner!nC!

mousy!adj!
mousetrap!nC!!see!
also!@!trap(
mouse(mat/pad!nC!!
see!also!@!mat,(pad(
moustached!adj!Brit/!
mustached!adj!Am!
mouthpiece!nC!
move!vIT!!progress!
movable/moveable!
adj!
immovable/(
immoveable!neg!adj!
mover!nC!
move(out!phr!v!
get(a(move(on(
move(about/around!
phr!v!
move(away!phr!v!
move(in(on!phr!v!
move(on!phr!v!
move(over!phr!v!
move(up!phr!v!
on(the(move(
slow;moving!adj!!see!
also!@!(slow(

367!

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A1(

A2(

movie(

MP!!see!also!@!
member,(parliament(
Mr(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

movie!nC!
movies!nU!
movie(theater!nC!
Am!!see!also!@!
theatre/(theater(
movie(star!!see!also!
2!
@!star
!

MP!nC!abbrev!Brit!

Mr!title!

Messrs!title!pl!

Mrs(

Mrs!title!

Ms(

Ms!title!

much(

as(much(as(
too(much!

mud(

much!adv!
much!det/pron!
how(much?(
!

mud!nU!

muddy!adj!

mug(

mug!nC!

muddy!vT/muddy(
the(waters(
!

mule(

mule!nC!

mulish!adj!

multi;cultural((see!
1
also!@!culture /(
cultural(
multimedia((see!also!
@!media(
multinational!!see!
also!@!nation/(
national(
multiparty!!see!also!
2!
@!party
multiply/multiple(

multi;cultural!adj!!(

multimedia!adj!!(

multinational!adj!
multinational!nC!

multiparty!adj!

multiple!adj!

multiply!vI!

multiple!nC!
multiplication!nU!

368!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

multitude(

multitude!nC!

multiple;choice!adj!
multiple;choice(
question!nC!!see!also!
1
@!choice ,(question!
!

mum/mummy!!see!
also!@!mother,(
mom/(mommy(

mumble(

mum!nC!Brit!
informal!
mummy!nC!Brit!
informal!
!

mumble!vIT!

mumble!nC!

mumps(

mumps!nU!

municipal(

municipal!adj!

municipality!nC!

murder(

murder!nCU!

murder!vT!

murderer!nC!

murmur(

murmur!vIT!

murdered!adj!
murderous!adj!
murmur!nC!

muscle(

muscle!nCU!

muscular!adj!

muse(

muse!vI!

pull(a(muscle(
flex(ones(muscles(
muscly!adj!
muscle(in((on)!phr!v!
!

museum(

museum!nC!

mushroom(

mushroom!nC!

mushroom!vI!

music(

music!nU!

musical!nC!

music!nU!!subject!
musically!adv!
(

musical!adj!!relating!
to!music!
musical!adj!!skilled!at!
music!
musician!nC!
rock(music!nU!!see!
classical(music!nU!!
3
also!@!rock (
see!also!@!classic/(
classical(

folk(music!nU!!see!
also!@!folk(
soul(music!nU!!see!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

pop(music!nU!!see!
1
also!@!pop (
Muslim/Moslem!nC!

also!@!soul(
!

Muslim/Moslem!!
see!also!@!Islam(
must!!see!also!got(
to/(have(got(to(
mustache/(
moustache(
mustard(

Muslim/Moslem!adj!

must!modal!v!!
necessity!
(

mustnt(

must!nC!

must!modal!v!!
probability!
(

mustard!nU!

mustache!nC!Am/!
moustache!nC!Brit!
!

mustached!adj!Am/(
moustached!adj!Brit!
!

mutter(

mutter!vIT!

mutton(

mutton!nU!

mutter!nC!
muttering!nU!
!

mutual(

mutual!adj!

mutually!adv!

my!!see!also!@!I,(me,( my!det!
mine(
myself!pron!
myriad(
!

myriad!nC!

myriad!adj!

mystery(

mystery!nC!

mysterious!adj!

mystical(

mystical!adj!

myth(

myth!nC!!old!story!

mythology!nU!

mysteriously!adv!
mystify!vT!
mystically!adv!
mystic!adj!
mystic!nC!
myth!nC!!false!idea!
mythical!adj!
mythological!adj!

Nn(

nail!nC!
nail!vT!
!

nail!nC!
fingernail!nC!!see!

nail !!metal!fastener!

nail !!body!part!
!

nail(down!phr!v!!
fasten!with!a!nail!
nail(down!phr!v!!get!
agreement!on!sth!
nail(bar!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!bar

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

naive(

also!@!finger(
thumbnail!nC!!see!
also!@!thumb(
toenail!nC!!see!also!
@!toe(
!

naked(

naked!adj!!nude!

name(

name!nC!!name!of!
sb/sth!

name!n!sing/good(
name!!reputation!
name!vT!!give!sb/sth!
a!name!

name!vT!!reveal!
names!
name!vT!!select!sb;!
nominate!
by(name(

namely!adv!

first(name!nC!!see!
also!@!first(
surname!nC!

brand(name!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!brand
(
forename!nC

nickname!nC!
nickname!vT!

nap(

family(name!nC!!see!
also!@!family(
full(name!nC!!see!
also!@!full(
Christian(name!nC!!
see!also!@!Christian(
!

napkin(

napkin!nC!

nap!nC!
nap!vI!
!

narrate(

narrative!nC!

narrator!nC!

X(

nail(file!nC!!see!also!
2
@!file !
!
nail(varnish nU!!see!
also!@!varnish(
naive!adj!

naivete!nU!

naked!adj!!without!
covering!
!

nakedness!nU!
name(sb/sth(after(
sb/sth!phr!v!Brit!
name(sb/sth(for(
sb/sth!phr!v!Am!
nameless!neg!adj!
naming!nU!
named!adj!
unnamed!neg!adj!
in(the(name(of(
nameplate!nC!!see!
also!@!plate(
namesake!nC!
last(name!nC!!see!
also!@!last(

have(a(nap(
catch(sb(napping(
nappy!nC!Brit!!see!
also!@!diaper!nC!Am!
narration!nU!
narrate!vT!
narrative!adj!

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B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

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narrow(

narrow!adj!!opp!
wide!

narrow!vIT!

nasal!!see!@!nose(

nasty(

nastily!adv!
nastiness!nU!

nation(

nation!nC!country!
national!adj!

nationality!nCU!

nasty!adj!!very!
unpleasant!
nasty!adj!!unkind!
nasty!adj!!violent,!
dangerous!
!

nationalism!nU!
nationalist!nC!
nationalist!adj!
nationally!adv!
nationwide!adj/adv!

national!nC!

international(adj!

native!adj!
native(language!nC!!
see!also!@!language(

nature!nU!
natural!adj!relating!
to/!occurring!in!
nature!
natural!adj!!not!
artificial!

naturally!adv!!
without!human!
intervention!

naturally!adv/exclam!! !
of!course;!
unsurprisingly!

native!nC!
native(speaker(nC!!
see!also!@!speak/(
speaker(
!

internationally!adv!
multinational!adj!
multinational!nC!
!

nation!nU!!people!of!
a!nation!
nationalize!vT!
nationalization!nU!
nationalized!adj!
national(park!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!park
nationalistic!adj!
international!nC!Brit!
transnational!adj!

native(

nature !!physical!
world!

unnatural!neg!adj!
supernatural!adj(
the(supernatural!nU!

narrow!adj!!only!just!
successful!!escape,!
etc!
narrow(escape!nC!!
see!also!@!escape(
narrow;minded!adj!!
1!
see!also!@!mind
nasal!adj!

unnaturally!neg!adv!
natural(gas!nU!!see!
also!@!gas(
natural(resources!n!
pl!!see!also!@!
2(
resource

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A1(

A2(

nature !!
characteristic;!
essence!

naughty(

nausea(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

good;/ill;natured!adj!

nature!nU!!essence!
of!sb/sth!
nature!nCU!!sbs!
character!
human(nature!nU!!
see!also!@!human(
!

naughty!adj!

naughtiness!nU!

nausea!nU!

navigate(

navy(

navy!nC!

naval!adj!

navigate!vIT!
navigation!nU!
!

Nazi(

near(

near!adj!
nearby!adj!

nearby!adv!

near!vT!

neat(

near!adv/prep!!opp!
far,!distant!
near!adv/prep!!soon!
nearly!adv!!almost!
!

Nazi!adj!
Nazi!nC!
!

nauseous!adj!
nauseate!vT!
nauseating!adj!
navigational!adj!
navigator!nC!
merchant(navy!nC!!
see!also!@!merchant(
Nazism!nU!
anti;nazi!adj!
nowhere(near(

neat!adj!!tidy!

neatly!adv!

necessary(

necessary!adj!

necessarily!adv!

necessity!nCU!
unnecessary!neg!adj!

unnecessarily!neg!adv!

neck(

neck!nC!!body!part!

necklace!nC!

neatness!nU!
neat!adj!Am!informal!!
good!
necessitate!vT!
of(necessity(
bare(necessities!n!pl!!
2(
see!also!@!bare
neck!nC!!of!clothing!
neck!nC!!of!bottle,!
land,!etc!
neckline!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!line
necktie!nC!Am!!see!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(
2!

need(

need!vT!!require!
need!nU!

needle(

also!@!tie
needful!adj!
needlessly!neg!adv!
in(need(of(sth(
no(need(to(do(sth(
needle!vT!
needlework!nU!!see!
2!
also!@!work
negative!nC!!answer,!
grammar,!etc!
negativity!nU!
!

needless!neg!adj!
needy!adj!

need!v/need(to!phr!v!! !
recommendation,!
requirement!
neednt(
!
!

needle!nC!!sewing!
instrument!

needle!nC!!medical!
instrument!

negative!adj!

negatively!adv!
!

negative !!
applications!

negative!nC!!
photography!

neglect(

negative!nU/adj!!
electricity!
negative!nU/adj!!
temperature/!
number!
neglect!vT!

neglectful!adj!

negligence(

negligence!nU!

neglect!nU!
neglected!adj!
negligent!adj!

negligible(

negligible!adj!

negotiate(

negotiation!nCU!

negotiate!vT!

negotiator!nC!

negro(

negro!nC/adj!

negotiated!adj!
negotiating!nU!
!

neighbour/neighbor(

neighbour!nC!Brit/!
neighbor(nC!Am!!
person!living!nearby!

neighbourhood!nC!
Brit/!neighborhood!
nC!Am!

neighbouring!adj!
Brit/!neighboring!adj!
Am!

negative !!opp!
positive!

negligently!adv!

neighbour!nC!Brit/(
neighbor!nC!Am!!
neighbouring!
country!
neighbourly!adv!
Brit/!neighborly!adv!
Am!
in(the(
neighbourhood/(

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C2(

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neighborhood(
neither(here(nor(
there(

neither!adv!
neither!det/pron/!
conj!
neither((nor(
!

neon!nU!

nephew!nC!

nervously!adv!
nervousness!nU!

get(on(sbs(nerves(
be(all(nerves(

nerve !!human!
quality!

nerve!nC!
!
nerves!n!pl!!feelings!
of!stress,!worry!
nervous!adj!!relating!
to!nerves!
nervous!adj!!worried,!
stressed!
!
!

unnerve!vT!
unnerving!adj!

nest(

network!nC!!system!

net!nCU!!mesh!

nest!nC!
nest!vI!
!

nerve!nU!!courage!
nerve!nU!!cheek,!
impudence!
!
!

networking!nU!

net!n!sing!
network!nC!!
computer!
!

net!nC!!sport!
net!nC!!goal!
net!vT!
netting!nU!
network!vI!!meet,!
discuss,!etc!
network!vIT!!
computer!

net!adj!

net!vT!informal!

neutral!adj!

neutrality!nU!
neutralize!vT!

neutral!nC!

neither(

neon(
nephew!!see!also!@!
niece(
1
nerve !!body!fibre,!
nervous!system!

net !!mesh!

net !!the!internet;!!
see!also!@!internet(
3

net !!financial:!!opp!
gross!
neutral!

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A2(

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B2(

C1(

C2(

never(

never!adv!

nevertheless(

nevertheless!adv!

new(

new!adj!!recently!
made!

newly!adv!

newborn!adj!!see!also!
@!born(

new!adj!!different!
new!adj!!just!arrived!
new!adj!!unused!
new!adj!!just!
discovered!
!

news!nU!
the(news!nU!!radio,!
TV!broadcast!
newspaper!nC!!
publication,!
company!

New(Years(Day!nC!!
see!also!@!year,(day(
New(Years(Eve!nC!!
see!also!@!year,(eve(
!

newsagent!nC!!see!
also!@!agent(

news(bulletin!nC!!see! !
also!@!bulletin(
newsletter!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!letter

next!
adj/pron/det/adv!
nice!adj!!pleasant!
nice!adj!!kind!
!

next(to!prep!

next(door!adj/adv!!
see!also!@!door(
nicely!adv!

night!nC!!between!

night!nC!!evening!

news(

next(
nice(
niche(
nickname!!see!also!
@!name(
niece!!see!also!@!
nephew(
!

X(

never(mind!!!see!
2!
also!@!mind
!
anew!adv!

brand(new!adj!!see!also!
2!
@!brand
renew!vT!
renewal!nCU!
renewed!adj!
newcomer!nC!!see!
also!@!come(

renewable!adj!

break((the)(news/(
breaking(news!!see!
2(
also!@!break
newscaster!nC!esp!
Am!!see!also!@!
broadcast(
news(reader!nC!esp!
Brit!!see!also!@!read(
the(next(thing(I(saw/(
knew((
nice(and(

niche!nC!

nickname!nC!

nickname!vT!

niece!nC!

good(night!!!see!also!

midnight!nU!

nightly!adj!

376!

headword(

night(

A1(

sunset!and!sunrise!
tonight!nU/adv!
!

A2(

night!nC!!special!
evening!
!

B1(

@!good

4!

nightclub!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!club
!

B2(

C1(

C2(

midnight!nU!

nightmare!nC!!bad!
dream!
nightmare!nC!!
unpleasant!event!or!!
situation!
!

nighttime!nU!!see!
1(
also!@!time
overnight!adv!

nightfall!nU!
nightgown!nC!!see!also!
@!gown(
overnight!adj!

X(

at/by(night(
the(dead(of(night!!
2!
see!also!@!dead
late;night!adj!
nightshirt!nC!!see!
(
also!@!shirt
still(of(the(night!!see!
2!
also!@!still
night(and(day/day(
and(night(

nil(

nil!nU!

nine(

nine!cardinal!number!
9!
nineteen!cardinal!
number!19!
ninety!cardinal!
number!90!
!

ninth!ordinal!
1
number/!fraction! /9!
nineteenth!ordinal!
number/fraction!
ninetieth!ordinal!
number/fraction!
!

nitrogen!nU!

no!det!!not!any,!not!
one!
no!det!!not!allowed!
no!!exclam!!negative!
reply!
no!adv!!not,!not!any!
nobody!pron!
no(one/no;one!pron!
nothing!pron!
!

nope!exclam!
informal!

nitrate!nC!
nitric(acid!nU!!see!
also!@!acid(
no(doubt!exclam!!see!
also!@!doubt(
no(longer(
no(way!!exclam!

nowhere!adv!

noble!adj!

nobility!nU!

noble!nC!
nobly!adv!
nobleman!nC!!see!
3!
also!@!man
ignoble!neg!adj!

nitrogen(

no(

noble(

377!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

nod(

nod!vIT!

nod!nC!

nod(off!phr!v!

node(

node!nC!

nodal!adj!

noise(

noise!nCU!

noisy!adj!

noisily!adv!

nominal(

nominal!adj!

nominally!adv!

nominate(

none(

none!pron!

nominate!vT!
nomination!nCU!
nominee!nC!
!

nonetheless(

nonetheless!adv!

none(but(
none(too(
!

non;existent!!see!
also!@!exist(
non;profit/non;
profit;making!!see!
also!@!profit(

non;existent!adj!

nonsense!!see!also!
3!
@!sense
noodle(

nonsensical!adj!

nonsense!nU!
nonsense!!exclam!
!

non;profit!adj!
non;profit;making!!
adj!
not;for;profit!adj!
!

noodle!nC!

noon(

afternoon!nU!

noon!nU!

nor(

nor!conj!

neither((nor(

good(afternoon!
exclam!!see!also!@!
4!
good
!

normal(

normal!adj!

normally!adv!

norm!nC!

abnormal!neg!adj!

normality!nU!

north(

north!nU!
north!adv!
north!adj!
(

northern!adj!

North(Pole!nU!!see!
2(
also!@!pole

northwards!adv!Brit/!
northward!adv!Am!

normative!adj!
abnormality!nC!
abnormally!neg!adv!
northernmost!adj!

northeast/north;
east!nU/adj!

378!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

(
!

nose!!see!also!@!
nasal,(nostril(

nose!nC!!body!part!

nose!nC!!aircraft,!
rocket,!etc!

nostalgia(

nostril!!see!also!@!
nose(
not(

B2(

northeastern!adj!
northwest/north;
west!nU/adj!
northwestern!adj!
!

C1(

C2(

X(

nostalgia!nU!

nose!vT/nose(about/(
around!phr!v!
follow(ones(nose(
poke/stick(ones(
nose(in/into(sth(
nasal!adj!
nostalgic!adj!

nostril!nC!

not/nt!adv/negative!

not(at(all!!reply!

note!nC!!short!
document!
note!vT/note(down!
phr!v!!write!sth!down!

note/notes!nC!usu!pl!
personal!jottings!
make/take(a(note/(
notes(

notebook!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!book
notepaper!nU!!see!
1!
also!@!paper

note!nC!!extra!
information!

note!nC!

notation!nU!

footnote!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!foot
notepad!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!pad
compare(notes(
!

notable!adj!!visible,!
noticeable!

noted!adj!

take(note((of)(

note !!money!

nothing(

nothing!pron!
nothing!number!zero!

note!vT!formal!
notably!adv!formal!!
noticeably!
note!nC!
banknote!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!bank
!

notice!vT!

notice!nU!
take(notice(

noticeable!adj!

noticeably!adv!
noticed!adj!

for(nothing(
nothing(but(
be/have(nothing(to(
do(with(sb/sth(
!

note !!short!
document!

note !!musical!note!
note !!to!notice!

notice !!be!aware,!
spot!
!

379!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

unnoticed!neg!adj!
!

at(a(moments(
notice(
at(short(notice(

notice!nU!!
resignation!
notice!nU!!advance!
warning!
!

notify!vT!

notification!nU!

notion!nC!

notional!adj!

notorious(

notorious!adj!

notoriously!adv!

notoriety!nU!

nothwithstanding(

nought(

notwithstanding!adv!
formal!
nought!nC!

noun(

noun!nC!

nourish(

!
!

!
!

!
!

!
!

pronoun!nC!
!

novel!nC!

novelist!nC!

!
nourish!vT!
nourishment!nU!
!

countable(noun!nC!
uncountable(noun!
nC!
proper(noun!nC!
personal(pronoun!nC!
!

novel !!new,!
innovative;!see!also!
@!innovation!
novice(

novel!adj!

novelty!nCU!

novice!nC!

now(

now!adv!!at!this!
moment,!
immediately!

now!intro,!exclam!
now/now(that!conj!
right(now!!see!also!
4!
@!right

by(now(
just(now!!very!
recently!
just(now!!at!this!
moment!

any(moment/(
second/(
minute/time(now(
(every)(now(and(
again/now(and(then(

notice !!resignation,!
warning,!etc!

notice!nC!
noticeboard!nC!Brit!!
1!
see!also!@!board
!

notify(

notion(

notice !!poster!

novel !!book!

380!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

from(now(on(

!
!

nowadays!adv!
!

!
nowhere!adv!

!
!

!
!

!
!

nuclear!!atomic!

nuclear!adj!atomic!
nuclear!adj!!weapon!

nucleus!

nucleus!adj!

nude(

nude!adj!

nuisance(

nuisance!nC!

number(

a(number(of(
PIN(number!nC!
abbrev!!=!personal!
identification!
number;!see!also!@!
2(
PIN
numerous!adj!

number!vT!

numeral/numerous(

number!nC!!numeral,! number!nC!!
symbol,!etc!
telephone!number!
telephone/phone((
number!nC!!see!also!
@!telephone,(
1(
phone
!
!

numeral!nC!
numerical!adj!
innumerable!neg!adj!

nun(

nun!nC!

numbered!adj!
numberplate!nC!esp!
Brit!
outnumber!vT!
serial(number!nC!!
see!also!@!serial!
numerate!adj!
innumerate(neg(adj!
numerical(order!nU!!
1(
see!also!@!order
nunnery!nC!

nurse(

nurse!nC!

nurse!vIT!

nursing!nU!
nursing!adj!
!

nursery(

nursery(rhyme!nC!!
see!also!@!rhyme(

nurture(

nursing(home!nC!!
2!
see!also!@!home
nursery!nC!
nursery(school!nC!!
see!also!@!school(
!

nut!nC!

nurture!vT!
nurture!nU!
!

nutshell!nC!!see!also!@!

nutty!adj!!relating!to!

nowhere(

nut !!dry!fruit!
!

get/go(nowhere(
nowhere(near(
nuclear(bomb!nC!!
see!also!@!bomb(
nuclear(power!nUC!
nuclear!adj!
nude!nC!
nudity!nU!
nudist!adj/nC!
in(the(nude(
denude!vT!
!

381!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(
1

X(

shell (
!
chestnut!nC!
coconut!nCU!
walnut!nC!
!

nuts!
in(a(nutshell(
walnut!nC!

nut!nC!informal!

nutty!adj!informal!

nutritional!adj!

nutritionist!nC!
malnutrition!nU!

nylon!nU!

nylons!n!pl!!stockings!

peanut!nC!

nut !!crazy!person!

nut!nC/nut(and(bolt!!
see!also!@!bolt(
(

nutrition(

nylon(

nutrition!nU!
nutrient!nC!
nutritious!adj!
!

Oo(

oak(

oak!nCU!

oar(

oar!nC!

oath(

oath!nC!

obey/obedience(

(
(

obey!vIT!
(

(
(

!
obedient!adj(

(
(

object!nC!

disobey!vT!
obediently!adv!
obedience!nU!
(

oarsman!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!man
on/under(oath(
take/swear(an(oath!!
2!
see!also!@!swear
!
disobedience!nU!
disobedient!neg!adj(
(

objection!nCU!

object!vI!

objectionable!adj!

object!nC!

objective!nC!

object!nC!

direct(object!nC!
indirect(object!nC!
(

objective!adj!

objectively!adv!

nut !!metal!fastener!

object !!thing!
object !!oppose,!
disagree!
3
object !!grammar!
4

object /objective !!
aim,!purpose!
2
objective !!fair,!
!

382!

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A1(

A2(

unbiased!
oblige(

oblong(

obscene(
obscure(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

oblige!vT!

objectivity!nU!
obligatory!adj(

obliged(to(do(sth!

obligation!nCU!!legal!
obligation!nC!!moral,!
commitment!
(

oblong!adj!

oblong!nC!

obscenely!adv!

observe!vT!!see,!
notice!

observe !!comment!

observed!adj!
observatory!nC!
observable!adj!
unobserved!neg!adj!
(

obsessed/obsession(

observe!vIT!!watch!
observation!nCU!!
watching!
observer!nC!
observe!vT!
observation!nC!
(

obscure!adj!
obscure!vT!
obscurity!nU!
(

obscene!adj!
obscenity!nCU!
(

obsessed!adj!
obsession!nC!

obstacle(

obstacle!nC!

obstruct(

obstruction(nCU!
obstruct!vT!

obtain(

obtain!vT!

obvious(

obviously!adv!

obvious!adj!

occasion(

occasion!nC!

occupy!vT!

occasional!adj!
occasionally!adv!
occupied!adj!

occupy!vT!

occupational!adj!

occupant!nC!
occupier!nC!
(

observe !!see,!notice!

occupy !!use!space!
occupy !!use!time/!
!

obsess!vT!
obsessive!adj!
obsessively!adv!
obstacle(course!nC!!
5(
see!also!@!course
obstructive!adj!
unobstructed!neg!
adj!
obtainable!adj!
unobtainable!neg!
adj!
(
on(occasion(s)(
on(the(occasion(of(
occupancy!nU!
unoccupied!neg!adj!
(

383!

headword(
1

occupation !job,!
profession;!!see!also!
@!preoccupy!

A1(

A2(

occupy !!invade/(
2!
occupation
occur(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

occupational!adj!

occupation!nCU!!job,!
profession!
(

preoccupation!nU!

occur!vI!

occupy!vT!
occupation!nC!
occurrence!nC!

occupier!nC!
occupied!adj!
(

preoccupy!vT!
preoccupied!adj!
(

ocean(

ocean!nC!

oceanic!adj!

oclock!!see!also!@!
clock(
1
odd !!strange,!
unusual!

oclock!adv!

odd!adj!!strange,!
unusual!

odd !!not!even;!!see!
5!
also!@!even
3
odd !!occasional!

odd!adj!

odd!adj!!not!
matching!
oddly!adv!
(

oddity!nC!
oddment!nC!
odds(and(ends(
(

odd!adj!

odds!!chances,!
gambling!
odour/odor(

odds!npl!

of!

of!prep!!possession,!
belonging!to!
of!prep!!amount,!
quantity!
of!prep!!containing,!
made!of!
of!prep!!position!
of!prep!!date!
of!prep!!age!
off!adv!!away!
!

of!prep!Am!!telling!
time!
!
of(course!adv!

odour!nCU!Brit/(odor! (
nCU!Am!
(
(

against((all)(the(odds(
at(odds(with(
deodorant!nCU!

off(adv!!removed,!
distant!
off!adv!!turned/!

off!adv!!price!
reduction!
off!adv!off!work!

1!

off !adv/adj!

off!adj!!not!fresh,!bad(

off(and(on(

384!

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A1(

A2(

switched!off!

off !!prep!

off!prep!!down,!away!
off!prep!!removed!
(

offensive!!attack;!!
see!also!@!defend/(
defensive(

offer(

offer!vT!
offer!nC!!act!of!
offering!
offer!nC!!sth!that!is!
offered!
office!nC!!room!for!
work,!study,!etc!
office!nC!!company!
building!

offend !!commit!
crime!
2
offend !!upset!

office !!room!for!
work,!study,!etc!

B1(

off!adj!cancelled,!not!
available!
be(off!phr!v!!leave!
(

B2(

C2(

X(

offence!nC!Brit/!
offense!nC!Am!
offend!vT!
offence!nC!Brit/!
offense!nC!Am!
offensive!adj!

(
(

off!prep!!not!using,!
needing!
offend!vT!
offender!nC!
(

offer!vT!!propose!

offering!nC!

offensive!nC!
offensive!adj!
offence!nU!Brit/(
offense!nU!Am!
(

office(worker!nC!!see! (
also!@!work/worker(
booking(office!nC!!
(
2!
see!also!@!book
information(office!
nC!!see!also!@!
inform/information(
post(office!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!post
ticket(office!nC!!see!
also!@!ticket(
tourist(office!nC!!see!

left;luggage(office!
nC!Brit!!see!also!@!
luggage(
lost(property(office!
nC!!see!also!@!
lose/lost,(property(

C1(

offending!adj!

offensively!adj!
offensiveness!nU!
cause(offence/(
offense(
take(offence/(
offense(
(

offered!adj!

385!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

office !!job,!
authority/officer!!

officer!nC!!military/!
police!officer!

office!nCU!
official!adj!!relating!
to!job,!etc!
official!adj!!
authorised!by!
authority!

offline!!see!also!@!
2!
line
offset(

offline!adv/adj!

also!@!tour/tourist(
officer!nC!!sb!with!
authority!(nonL
military)!
customs(officer!nC!!
see!also!@!customs(
police(officer!nC!!see!
also!@!police(
(

offshore!!see!also!@!
shore(
offspring(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

officially!adv!

unofficial!neg!adj!

unofficially!neg!adv!
prison(officer!nC!!see!
also!@!prison(
probation(officer!nC!!
see!also!@!probation(

offset!vT!

offshore!adj!

offspring!n!sing!

often(

often!adv!

oh!(

oil(

oil!nU!!fuel,!etc!

oil!nCU!!for!cooking!
cooking(oil!nCU!!see!
also!@!cook/cooking(

oh!!!exclam!
oh(dear!!!exclam!
(

as(often(as(not(
every(so(often(
more(often(than(not(
(

oil(well!nC!!see!also!
4(
@!well

OK/okay(

OK/okay!exclam!
OK/okay!adj/adv!
old!adj!!aged,!opp.!
young!

old!adj!!describing!
age:!5!years!old,!etc!
old!adj!!opp.!new!
how(old?(
(

old!adj!!former,!opp.!
recent/present!
old!adj!!opp.!modern!

old(age!nU!!see!also!
@!age(

old;fashioned!adj!!
2!
see!also!@!fashion

old!!see!also!@!
elder/(elderly(

oil!vT!
oily!adj!
olive(oil!nU!!see!also!
@!olive(
OK/okay!nC!
OK/okay!vT!
the(old!n!pl!
get/grow(old(

old;age(pension!nC!!!
old;age(pensioner!
nC!!see!also!@!

386!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

olive(

olive!nC!

Olympic(

Olympic!adj!
!
(

the(Olympics!n!pl!

omelette/omelet(

Olympic(Games!n!pl!!
1!
see!also!@!game
(

pension/pensioner(
olive(oil!nU!!see!also!
@!oil(
olive(branch!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!branch
Olympian!nC!

omen/ominous(

omelette!nC!Brit/(
omelet!nC!Am!
(

ominous!adj!

omit/omission(

omit!vT!

omission!nC!

omen!nC!
ominously!adv!
(

on!prep!!above,!on!
top,!on!the!surface!
on!prep!!direction,!
location!
on!prep!!on!day,!date!
!

on!adv!!wear,!cover!

on(fire!!see!also!@!
1!
fire

on!prep!!state!(on!
fire,!etc)!
on!prep!!travel!(on!
foot,!etc)!
on(prep!!broadcasts,!
etc!(on!TV,!on!tape,!!
on!stage,!etc)!
on!prep!!about,!
concerning!
on!adv/adj!!turn/!
switch!on,!on!switch!
on(business!!see!also!
1!
@!business
on(foot!!see!also!@!
1!
foot
on(the/your(left(
on(the/your(right(

on(duty!!see!also!@!
1!
duty
on(holiday!!see!also!
@!holiday(
on(a(journey!!see!
also!@!journey(
on(loan!!see!also!@!
loan(
on(order!!see!also!@!
2!
order

on !!prep!

on !!adv/adj!
on !!phrases!

on!adv!!travel,!board,! (
etc!!
and(so(on(
on(behalf(of(
on(board!!see!also!@!
2(
board
on(the(one/other(
hand!!see!also!@!
1!
hand
on(purpose!!see!also!
@!purpose(
on(sale!!see!also!@!
sale(

387!

headword(

once !!on!one!
occasion!
2
once !!in!the!past!

A1(

A2(

B1(

once!adv!

on(time!!see!also!@!
1!
time
on(the/ones(way(
(to/from)!!see!also!
1(
@!way
(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

on(request!!see!also!
@!request(
on(the(whole!!see!
also!@!whole(
from(now/then(on(
(

once!adv!

3!!

once!conj!

at(once(

once(again/once(
more(
once(or(twice(

one!!cardinal!number!
1!
one!det!time,!
occasion!(one!day),!
etc!
one!pron!!single!
example!
(the)(one(((the)(
other(
anyone!pron!
no(one/no;one!pron!
someone!pron!

one!!det!!single,!
separate(
!

one;way!adj!!see!
1(
also!@!way
one!pron!!one!of!
those!mentioned!
one(another!pron!

all(at(once(
once(and(for(all(
once(in(a(while(
once(upon(a(time(
one(or(two!!a!few!

one!pron!formal!!
anyone,!me!

oneself!!see!also!@!
self(
ongoing(

by(oneself(

oneself!pron!formal!

one(after(the(other/(
an(other(
one(by(one(
one(day!!in!the!past!
one(day!!in!the!
future!
one;off!n!sing!
one(way(or(another!!
somehow!
the(one(and(only!!
see!also!@!only(
(

ongoing!adj!

onion(

onion!nCU!

online!!see!also!@!
2!
line

online!adj/adv!!see!
2!
also!@!line

once !!when!
once !!phrases!

one !!number;!!see!
also!@!first!
2
one !!det,!pronoun!

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only(

A1(

A2(

only!adj!!only!one!
only!adv!!alone,!only!
one!
(

only!adv!!nothing!
more,!merely!

onstage!!see!also!@!
2!
stage
onto/(on(to(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

only!conj!!but!

the(one(and(only(

only(just!!recently!
only(just!!barely!
not(only((but(also(
(

onset!n!sing!

onstage!adv!

onto/(on(to!prep!

onwards/onward!!
2!
see!also!@!ward

opaque(

onwards!adv!Brit/!
onward!adv!Am!
onward!adj!
(

opaque!adj!

open(

open!adj!!not!shut!
open!vT!!opp!shut!

open!vT!!start!
opening!nC!!event!

open!adj!!not!
open!adj!!not!secret!
enclosed!
open!adv!
open!vT!!remove!top,!
wrapping,!etc!
open!vIT!!open!for!
(
business!
opening!nC!!hole!
opening!nC!!
beginning!

opening!nC!!
opportunity,!job!
vacancy,!etc!
openly!adv!
(

opera!nC!

opener!nC!
openness!nU!
reopen!vT!
!
can;opener!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!can
tin;opener!nC!Brit!!see!
2!
also!@!tin
reopen!vT!
(

opaqueness!nU!
opacity!nU!
unopened!neg!adj!

operate!vIT!!make!
machine!etc!function!
operate!vIT!!run!
business,!etc!
operation!nU!!
machine,!business,!
etc!

operator!nC!!
telephone!

operation!nC!!
military,!rescue,!etc!
operational!adj!
operator!nC!!
machine!operator!

onset(

opera(

operate !!make!
machine!etc!function!

open;air!adj!!see!also!
1(
@!air
opening(hours!!see!
also!@!hour!
operatic!adj!
opera(house!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!house
soap(opera!nC!
operating!adj!
operating(system!nC!!
see!also!@!system(
operationally!adv!
in(operation(
bring/put(into(
operation(
come/go(into(

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

operation(
inoperative!neg!adj!
operating(theatre!nC!
Brit/!operating(
theater(nC!Am!!see!
also!@!
theatre/theatre(
inoperable!neg!adj!
opinionated!adj!
a(matter(of(opinion!!
1!
see!also!@!matter
public(opinion!nU!!
see!also!@!public(
opinion(poll!nC!!see!
also!@!poll(
opportune!adj!
opportunist!nC!
opportunist/(
opportunistic!adj(
opposing!adj!
as(opposed(to(

operate !!surgery!

operate!vI!
operation!nC!

opinion(

opinion!nC!

opportunity(

opportunity!nC(

oppose/opponent(

opponent!nC!!in!
argument,!etc!
opponent!nC!!in!
sport(

opposed(adj/(
opposed(to(

opposite(

opposite!nC/the(
opposite(

oppress(

oppose!vT!!be!
against,!fight!against!
opposition!nU!!
disagreement!
opposition!n!sing!!
opposing!team,!etc!
opposite!adj!!
completely!different!
opposite!adj/adv/!
prep!!facing!
opposite!adj!!other!
side!of!sth!
(

oppress!vT!
oppression!nU!

oppressed!adj!
oppressive!adj!
oppressor!nC!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

opt/option(

option!nC!

optical(

optimism(

or(

oral(

or!conj!!two!or!more!
options(
(

orange(

orbit(

orange!nCU!!fruit!
orange!nU!!colour!
orange!adj!
(

orchard(

orchestra(
ordeal(

X(

oppressively!adv!
(

optimistic!adj!

optimism!nU!

or!conj!!if!not!
(
(

oral!adj!
oral!nC!!examination!
(

optician!nC!
optics!nU!
optimist!nC!
optimistically!adv!
optimal!adj!
optimum!adj!
or(so!informal!!
approximately!
orally!adv!

orange(juice!nU!

orbit!nC!

orchard!nC!

orbit!vIT!
orbital!adj!
(

orchestra!nC!

orchestral!adj!

ordeal!nC!

order!nCU!

in(order(
out(of(order!!

disorder!nU!

orderly!adj!
alphabetical(order!
nU!!see!also!@!
alphabet(
numerical(order!nU!!
see!also!@!numeral(
ordering!nU!
on(order(

C2(

opt!vI!
optional!adj!
optical!adj!

order !!arrangement,! (
sequence!

order !!command,!
etc!

C1(

order!nC!!command!
order!vT!!command!
order!nC!!request!for!
service/supply!
order!nC!!sth!to!be!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

supplied!
order!vT!!ask!for!
service/supply!
(

in(order(to/that!conj!

order!nU!

disorder!nU!

order !!functioning!

ordinary(
(
ore(

(
(
(

ordinary!adj!
(
(

in((good)(order(
out(of(order(
(
extraordinary!adj!
(

order!nU!
orderly!adj!
disorder!nU!
(

ordered!adj!
disordered!neg!adj!
orderly!adj!
disorderly!neg!adj!
law(and(order!!see!
also!@!law(
(

(
(
(

(
(
(

ordinarily!adv!
extraordinarily!adv(
ore!nCU!

out(of(the(ordinary(
!
(

organ!nC!

organ !!musical!
instrument!
organic(

organ!nC!

organ(donor!nC!!see!
also!@!donate/(
donor(
organist!nC!

organic!adj!

organism(

organism!nC!

organically!adv!
inorganic!neg!adj!
(

organize/(
1
organization !!
arrange/!
arrangement!

organize!vT!!arrange!

organized!adj!

organization!nCU!!
organizer!nC!
arrangement,!system!
(
(

organization!nC!

organizational!adj!

reorganize!vIT!
reorganization!nCU!
(

organization !!
company,!group,!etc!
orient(

disorganized!neg!adj!
disorganization!nU!
(

oriental!adj(

the(orient!nU!

orientation(

orientation!nCU!

orient/orientate!vT!

disoriented/(

order /in(order(
to/that(
4
order !!tidiness!

order !!good!
behaviour!

organ !!body!part!

392!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

origin(

original!adj!!first!
original!adj!!not!
copied!

origin!nC/origins!n!pl!
originally!adv!

original!nC!!not!a!
copy!

originate!vI!

ornament(

orphan(

orthodox(

C1(

C2(

X(

disorientated!neg!
adj!
disorientation!nU!
unoriginal!neg!adj!
originator!nC!

originality!nU!

original!adj!!novel,!
creative!
original!nC!!first!
made!
(

ornament!nC!

ornamental!adj!

orphan!nC!

orthodox!adj!

other!det!!additional,! (
extra,!last!of!list!
other!det!!opposite,!
alternative!

ounce(

otherwise!adv!!
differently!
ought/ought(to!
modal!
!

ought(

other/the(other!pron!!
second!of!two!
otherwise!conj!!or!
else!
(

orphaned!adj!
orphanage!nC!
orthodoxy!nU!
unorthodox!neg!adj!
other(than!!except!
none(other(than(
or(other(!!imprecise!
another/some(other(
time(
each(other/one(
another(
the(other(day!!
recently!
others!pron!!other!
people,!other!things!
(

our(

our!det!
ours!pron!

ounce!nC!
oz!abbrev!
(

other !!det!

other !!pron!
otherwise(

ourselves!pron!!
reflexive!
ourselves!pron!!
emphasis!

393!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

oust(

out(

out!adv!!to!the!
outside,!outside!
out!adv!!away!from!
home,!work,!etc!
out(of!!made!from!
out(of!!part!of!a!total!

outbreak!!see!also!@!
2(
break
outburst!!see!also!@!
burst(
outcome(

B2(

C2(

X(

oust!vT!

out(of!!nothing!
out(of!!because!of!
remaining!
out!adv!!in!sport!
out!adv!!visible!(sun,!
etc)!
out!adv!!
extinguished!
out!adv!!sea:!low!tide!
outer!adj!

outbreak!nC!

outage!nC!esp!Am!
outcast!nC!!see!also!
2(
@!cast
outcry!nC!!see!also!
2
(
@!cry /cry(out
outdo!vT!
outstretched!adj!!see!
also!@!stretch(
outweigh!vT!!see!
also!@!weigh(
outermost!adj!
(

outburst!nC!

outcome!nC!

outdoor!!see!also!@!
door(
outfit(

outdoors!adv/n!pl!

outdoor!adj!

outfit!nC!

outlaw!!see!also!@!
law(
outlet(

outlaw!nC!

outlet!nC!

outlaw!adj!
outlaw!vT!
(

outline(

outline!nC!!
(
silhouette,!shape,!etc!
outline!vT!!draw!
outline!
outline!nC!!summary!
outline!vT!!
summarize!!
(
(

outlook!n!sing!

outlook !!future!
prospects!
!

C1(

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

outlook!nU!

outlook !!view!

outlook!n!sing!

outnumber!!see!also!
@!number(
outpatient!!see!@!
2(
patient
output(

outnumber!vT!
(
outpatient!nC!

output!nCU!

outrage!!see!also!@!
rage(

outrage!nU!!anger!

outrageous!adj!
outraged!adj!

outright(

outright!adj/adv!

outrage!nC!!shocking!
event!
outrage!vT!
outrageously!adv!
(

outset(

outset!n!sing!

at/from(the(outset(

outside(

outside!adv/prep!!
opp.!inside!

outside!adj!!from!
elsewhere!

outsider!nC!

at(the(outside!!at!
most!
outside(of(

outskirts!!see!also!@!
2!
skirt
outspoken!!see!also!
@!speak/spoken(
1
outstanding !!
excellent!

outside!adj!!opp.!
inside!
outside/the(outside!
nC!!exterior!
(

outskirts!n!pl!

outspoken!adj!

outstanding!adj!

outstanding!adj!

outstandingly!adv!
stand(out!phr!v!!be!
noticeable;!!see!also!
3(
@!stand
(

outward!adj!

outwardly!adv!

outwards!adv!Brit/(
outward!adv!Am!
(

outweigh!vT!!see!
also!@!weigh(

outlook !!attitude!

outstanding !!
incomplete;!not!paid!
outward!!see!also!@!
2
ward /;ward(
outweigh(

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

oval(

oval!adj!

oval!nC!

oven(

oven!nC!

over!prep!!above!
over!prep!!covering!
over!prep!!more!
than,!exceeding!
over!prep!!from!one!
side!to!the!other!
(

microwave(oven!nC!!
see!also!@!
microwave(
(

overly!adv!
be/get(over(sb/sth!!
recover!
all(over(the(place/all(
over(the(world/(all(
over(somewhere(
overawe!vT!usu!pass!
overawed!adj!!see!
also!@!awe(
overcrowd!vT!
overcrowded!adj!!
see!also!@!crowd(
overdo!vT!
overdose!nC!
overdose!vI!!see!also!
@!dose(
over;eager!adj!
over;eagerness!nU!!
see!also!@!eager(
overgrown!adj!!see!
also!@!grow/grown(
overkill!nU!!see!also!
@!kill(
overload!vT!
overloaded!adj!!see!
1!
also!@!load
overreact!vI!!see!also!
@!react/reaction(
oversleep!vI!!see!also!
1(
@!sleep

over !!prep!

over /over;(

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3

A1(

A2(

over !adv!

over!adv!!down,!over! (
the!edge!
over!adv!!covering!

overall(

overalls(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

over!adv!!remaining!

overall!adj!

over!adv!!across!
over!adv!!exceeding,!
excessively!
over!adv!!past,!
finished!
(

overall!adv!

over(and(over(
(again)!!repeatedly!
over(here/over(
there(
over(and(above(
(

overboard!!see!also!
2!
@!board
overcoat!!see!also!@!
1!
coat
overcome(

overalls!n!pl!Brit!=!
coveralls(!n!pl!Am(
!

overboard!adv!

overcoat!nC!

overcome!vT!

overdraft!!see!also!@!
3!
draft
overdue!!see!also!@!
due(
overestimate!!see!
also!@!estimate(
overflow!!see!also!@!
flow(
overhang!!see!also!@!
hang(

overdraft!nC!

overdue!adj!

overestimate!vT!
overestimate!nC(
overflow!vIT!
overflow!nCU!
(

overhead!!see!also!
1(
@!head
overhear!!see!also!@!
hear(
overjoyed!!see!also!
@!joy(
overlap(

overhead!adj/adv!

overjoyed!adj!

overhear!vT!
overheard!adj!
(

overlapping!adj!

overlook!vT!

overlap!vIT!
overlap!nCU!
(

overlook !!look!over;!
!

(
overhang!vIT!
overhang!nC!
overhanging!adj!
(

397!

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see!also!@(look!
2
overlook !!fail!to!
notice!
overnight!!see!also!
@!night(
override(

A1(

A2(

B1(

overseas!!see!also!@!
sea(
oversee!!see!also!@!
see(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

overlook!vT!!ignore,!
fail!to!punish!
overnight!adv!

overlook!vT!!fail!to!
notice!
(

overnight!adj!

override(!vT!

overseas!adj!

overseas!adv!

override!nC!
overriding!adj!
(

oversee!vT!

overt(

overt!adj!

overtake(

overtake!vT!!surpass!

overthrow!!see!also!
@!throw!
overtime!!see!also!@!
1(
time
1
overturn !!turn!sth!
over;!!see!also!@!
turn(
2
overturn !!change!a!
decision;!!see!also!@!
turn(
overview!!see!also!@!
2
view (
overweight!!see!also!
@!weigh/weight(
overwhelm(

overtake(vIT!Brit!!drive!
past!=!pass!vIT!Am!
overthrow!vT!
overthrow!nC!
overtime!nU!

overturn!vIT!

overturn!vIT!

overview!nC!

overweight!adj!

overwhelm!vT!
overwhelming!adj!!
uncontrollable!
overwhelming!adj!!

overwhelmingly!adv!

overwhelmed!adj!

overseer!nC!
oversight!nU!!
supervision!
overtly!adv!

(
(

398!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

very!great!
(

owing!adj!

owe!vT!!be!in!debt;!
owe!money!
owe!vT!!owe!nonL
monetary!item!
(

owing(to!prep!

owl!nC!

own!det,!pron!

own !!possess!

owner!nC!

own!vT!

ownership!nU!

oxygen(

oxygen!nU!

dioxide!nU!

own(up!phr!v!
(all)(on(ones(own(
come(into(ones(own(
hold(ones(own(
get(your(own(way(
homeowner!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!home
landowner!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!land
oxide!nC!

oyster(

oyster!nC!

ozone(

ozone!nC!

Pp(

pa/papa(

pa/papa!nC!informal!

pace!nU!

owe(

owing/owing(to(
owl(
own !!belonging!to;!
oneself!

grandpa!nC!informal!!
2(
see!also!@!grand
(

pace(!nC!

pace!vIT!

at(a(snails(pace!!see!
also!@!snail(
keep(pace(with(
set(the(pace(
pace!vT/pace(oneself(
(

pack!vIT!!load!bag,!
etc!

pack!nC!!things!
packed!or!tied!

pack!vIT!!fill!
completely!

packed!adj!!filled!
completely!

unpack!vIT!
jam;packed!adj!

pace !!speed!

pace !!step,!stride!
pack /(
package/(
!

399!

headword(

packet(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

pack!vIT!!load!bag,!
etc!

together!
pack!nC!esp!Am!!
packet!
pack!nC!!set!of!
playing!cards!

pack!nC!!luggage!
carried!on!sbs!back!

packing!nU!

backpack!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!back

package!nC!!parcel!

package!nC!esp!Am!!
packet!

package!vT!

packaging!nU!

packet!nC!

pack!nC!

informal!!see!also!@!
3(
jam
pack((sth)(in!phr!v!!
finish!
pack(it(in!!exclam!
pack(off!phr!v!!send!
away!
pack(up!phr!v!!finish!
backpack!vI!
backpacking!nU!
backpacker!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!back
packaged!adj!
package(holiday!nC!!
see!also!@!holiday(
packing;case!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!case
wage;packet!nC!!see!
also!@!wage/wages(
(

pact!nC!

pad!nC!

pad!vI!

pad!vT!
padded!adj!
padding!nU!
pad(out!phr!v!
mouse(pad!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!mouse
notepad!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!note
(

3!!

pad!nC!

pack !!group!of!
animals,!cards,!etc!
pact(
pad !!cloth,!paper,!
etc!

pad !!walk!quietly!
pad launching!pad!
!

A1(

launchpad!nC!Am/(
launching(pad!nC!

400!

headword(

page!

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

page!nC!!sheet!of!
paper;!page!in!book,!
etc!
pain!nCU!!physical!
pain!

painful!adj!

pain!nCU!!mental,!
emotional!pain!

painfully!adv!

paint(

paint!nCU!
paint!vIT!!decorate!

paintbrush!nC!!see!
also!@!brush(

pair(

pair!nC!!two!

pair!nC!!two!people,!
couple!

pajamas/pyjamas(

pal(

pajamas!n!pl!Am/(
pyjamas!n!pl!Brit!
pal!nC!informal!

palace(

palace!nC!

pale(

pale!adj!!!

palette(

palette!nC!

palm!!front!of!ones!
hand!

palm!nC!

pain(

X(

Brit!!see!also!@!
launch(
home(page!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!home
pain!vT!
painless!neg!adj!
painlessly!neg!adv!
painkiller!nC!!see!
also!@!kill/killer(
pains!n!pl!
period(pain!nCU!!see!
3(
also!@!period
take(pains(
be(at(pains(to((
paint(the(town(red!
idiom!!see!also!@!
red,(town(
pair!vIT!
pair(off!phr!v!
pair(up!phr!v!
(
pally!adj!informal!
penpal!nC!!see!also!
@!pen(
palatial!adj!
pale!vI!
paleness!nU!
(
palm(off!phr!v!
palmist!nC!
palmistry!nU!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

pamphlet(

pamphlet!nC!

pamphleteer!nC!

pan!!container!

pan!nC!

saucepan!nC!!see!
also!@!sauce(
(

pancake!!see!also!@!
cake(
1
panel !!expert!group!

frying(pan!nC!!see!
also!@!fry(
(

pancake!nC!

panel!nC!

panel !!wall!covering,! (
etc!

panel!nC!

panic(

panic!nCU!

panic!vI!

panellist!nC!Brit/(
panelist!nC!Am!
panelling!nU!Brit/!
paneling!nU!Am!
solar(panel!nC!!see!
also!@!solar!
panicky!adj!

pant(

panting!nU!

pants(

papal!!see!also!@!
pope(
paper!!!

pants!n!pl!Brit!!=!
underpants!
pants!n!pl!Am!!=!
trousers!
underpants!n!pl!
(

pant!vI!
pant!nC!
(

paper!nU!!substance!
paper!adj!

paper!nC!!newspaper! papers!n!pl!!
documents!

papal!adj!
papacy!nCU!
paper!nC!!academic!
article!

newspaper!nCU!!see!
also!@!news(

notepaper!nU!!see!
1(
also!@!note

paperback!nC!!see!also!
2(
@!back
paperwork!nU!!see!also!
2(
@!work
wallpaper!nCU!!!
wallpaper!vT!!see!also!
@!wall(

ballot(paper!nC!!see!
also!@!ballot(
paperpunch!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!punch
sandpaper!nU!!see!
also!@!sand(
tissue(paper!nU!!see!
2!
also!@!tissue
toilet(paper!nU!!see!

paperclip!nC!!see!
also!@!clip(

paper!nC!!exam!
paper!vT!!cover!with!
wallpaper!
wastepaper(basket/(
bin!nC!esp!Brit!!see!
also!@!basket,(bin,(
waste(

panties!n!pl!
pantyhose!n!pl!Am!!
see!also!@!tights!n!pl!
Brit!

papery!adj!
on(paper(

402!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

par(

par!nU!

parachute(

parachute!nC!

parachute!vIT!

also!@!toilet(
wrapping(paper(nU!!
see!also!@!wrap(
on(a(par(
par(for(the(course(
under(par(
parity!nU!
parachutist!nC!

parade(

parade!nC!!
procession!

paradigm(

parade!vI!
parade!nC!!row!of!
shops,!etc!
paradigm!nC!

hit(parade!nC!oldJ
fashioned!!see!also!
2(
@!hit
(

paradise(

paradise!nU!

paradox(

paradox!nC!

paragraph(

paragraph!nC!

paradoxical!adj!
paradoxically!adv!
paragraphing!nU!

parallel(

parallel!adj!

parallel!vT!

paralyze(

parallel!nC!!line!
parallel!nC!!similarity!
(

parameter(

parameter!nC!

paralyze!vT!
paralysis!nU!
(

paramedic!!see!also!
(
@!medicine/medical(
parasite(
(

paramedic!nC!

parasite!nC!

parcel(

parcel!nC!

pardon!exclam!Brit!
pardon(me!exclam!
Am!

parasitic/parasitical!
adj!
parcel!vT/parcel(up!
phr!v!
be((all)(part(and(
parcel(of(sth!idiom!
(

pardon !!please!
repeat!
!

unparalleled!neg!adj!
parallelogram!nC!
paralyzed!adj!
(

403!

headword(

A1(

pardon !!forgive!

parent(

parent!nC!

parish(

A2(

I(beg(your(pardon!
exclam!
I(beg(your(pardon!
exclam(
grandparent!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!grand

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

pardon!nCU!

pardon!vT!

parental!adj!

parish!nC!

park!nC!

park !!vehicle!

park!vIT!

parking!nU!
car(park!nC!esp!Brit!!
1!
see!also!@!car

parliament(

parliament!nC!

parliamentary!adj!

Member(of(
Parliament!nC!Brit(

park !!recreational!
area!

X(

unpardonable!neg!
adj!
parentage!nU!
parenthood!nU!
parenting!nU!
parents;in;law!n!pl!!
2(
see!also!@!law
foster(parent!nC!!see!
also!@!foster(
single(parent!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!single
parishioner!nC!
parish(priest!nC!!see!
also!@!priest(
game(park!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!game
national(park!nC!!see!
also!@!nation/(
national(
theme(park!nC!!see!
also!@!theme(
parked!adj!
parking(lot!nC!esp!
2(
Am!!see!also!@!lot
multi;storey(car(park!
nC!!see!also!@!
2(
storey/(story
trailer(park!nC!Am!!
see!also!@!trailer(
parliamentarian!nC!

404!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

parlour/parlor(

parrot(

parsley(

part!nC!!piece,!
section!

partly!adv!

part !!leave,!
(
separate;!!see!also!@!
depart(
participate(
(

participle(

particle(
particular(

C2(

X(

parlour!nC!Brit/(parlor!
nC!Am!
parrot!nC!

parsley!nU!

partial!adj!!
incomplete!
take(part((in)!!
participate;!!see!also!
2!
@!take
part;time!adj!!see!
1!
also!@!time
(

partially!adv!!not!
completely!

in(part(
part(of(speech!nC!!
2(
see!also!@!speech
play(a(part(in(

part!vIT!

parting!adj!
parting!nU!!leaving!

participate!vI!
participant!nC!
participation!nU!
(

parting!nC!!line!in!
hair!
part(with!phr!v!
participating!adj!

participle!nC!

particle!nC!

in(particular(

partisan(

particular!adj!
particularly!adv!
(

partisan!adj!

bipartisan!adj!

partner(

partner!nC!!social,!
sexual!
partnership!nCU!

partner!nC!!business!
partner!
partner!nC!!team!
member!

party!nC!

birthday(party!nC!!
see!also!@!birth/(

partner!vT!
sleeping(partner!nC!!
inactive!business!
partner;!see!also!@!
1(
sleep
party!vI!
partygoer!nC!
hen(party!nC!!see!
also!@!hen(

part !!piece,!section!

party !!social!
gathering!

parrot!vT!

405!

headword(

A1(

A2(

party !!political!
group!
3
party !!person!in!
contract,!etc!
1
pass !!move!past!

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

party!nC!

birthday(
dinner(party!nC!!see!
also!@!dinner(
(

party!nC!

pass!vIT!!move!past!

pass!vT!!move!
beyond!a!certain!
time!

passing!nU!!moving!
past!

surpass!vT!

pass!vT!!give,!
transmit!
pass!vT!!sport!!ball,!
etc!
pass!nC!!sport!!ball,!
etc!
(

X(

stag(party!nC!!see!
also!@!stag(
(

multiparty!adj!
third;party!adj/nC!!
see!also!@!third(
unsurpassed!neg!adj!

pass(away/on!phr!v!!
die!
pass(by!phr!v!
pass(off!phr!v!!
diminish!
pass(off!phr!v!!take!
place!
pass(on!phr!v!!
proceed!
pass(on!phr!v!!tell!
pass(out!phr!v!!
distribute!
pass(out!phr!v!!faint!
pass(over!phr!v!!
ignore!
pass(through!phr!v!!
go!through!
somewhere!without!
stopping!
pass(up!phr!v!!miss!

406!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

passport!nC!

pass !!succeed!in!
examination!
4
pass !!route,!esp.!
through!mountains!
1
passage !!hallway,!
tunnel!
2
passage !!journey,!
passing!of!time/!
passenger(
passion(

pass!vIT!

pass!nC!
pass!vT!!approve!a!
law,!etc!
boarding(pass!nC!!
2!
see!also!@!board
password!nC!!see!
also!@!word(
pass!nC!esp!Brit!

pass!nC!

passage!nC!

bypass!vT!
bypass!nC(
(

passenger!nC!

passage!nU!formal!

pass(mark!nC!esp!
Brit!
overpass!nC!
underpass!nC!
passageway!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!way
(

passion!nCU!

passionate!adj!

passionately!adv!

impassioned!adj!

passive(

passive!adj!

passport!!see!also!@!
2!
pass
password((see!also!
2
@!pass ,(word(
1!
past

passport!nC(

password!nC!!(

the(passive!nC!!
grammar!
passively!adv!
passiveness!nU!
passivity!nU!
passive(smoking!nU!!
2(
see!also!@!smoke
passport(control!nU!!
see!also!@!control!
(

past!prep!!beyond!a!
place!
past!prep!!beyond!a!

past!prep!!telling!
time:!!half!past!one,!
etc!

pass !!document!
giving!permission!

passer;by/passerby!
nC!
passkey!nC((see!also!
1(
@(key

407!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

past !!grammar!

time,!later!
past!adj!!previous!
the(past!nU!
(

past!nU!

pasta(

pasta!nU!

past(tense!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!tense
(

paste(

paste!vT!

pastime(

paste!vT!
toothpaste!nU!!see!
also!@!tooth(
(

pastime!nC!

pastoral(

pastoral!adj!

pastry(

pastry!nU!

pasture(

pasture!nCU!

pasture!vT!

pat(

patch(

patch!nC!

pat!vT!
pat!nC!
(

patent(

patent!nC!

path(

path!nC!!track!

pathetic(

path!nC!!route;!
course!of!action!
(

footpath!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!foot
(

pathway!nC!!seealso!@!
3(
way
pathetic!adj!

pat(on(the(back!v/nC!!
2!
see!also!@!back
patch!vT!
patch(up!phr!v!
patched!adj!
patchy!adj!
patchwork!nU!!see!
2(
also!@!work
vegetable(patch!nC!!
see!also!@!vegetable(
patent!vT!
patent!adj!
patented!adj!
(

patience!nU!
patient!adj!

patiently!adv!
impatient!neg!adj!

patience/patient

1!

pathetically!adv!
impatience!nU!
impatiently!neg!adv!

408!

headword(

patient

2(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

patient!nC!

outpatient!nC!

patio(

patio!nC!

patriot/patriotic(

patrol(

patriot!nC!
unpatriotic!neg!adj!
on(patrol(

patron(

patrol!nC!
patrol!vIT!
patron!nC!

patriotic!adj!
patriotism!nU!
(
(

patronage!nU!

pattern(

pause(

pattern!nC!!regular!
arrangement!
(

pause!vI!

pause!nC!

pattern!vT!
patterned!adj!
(

pavement(

pavement!nC!usu!
sing!Brit!=!sidewalk!

pavement!nU!Am!!=!
tarmac!

paw(

paw!nC!

pay(

pay!vIT!!give!money!
for!work,!goods,!etc!
pay(for!phr!v!

pay!nU!!salary,!etc!
payment!nCU!

payphone!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!phone
pay(rise!nC!esp!Brit/(
pay(raise!nC!esp!Am!!
1
see!also!@!rise /(
raise(

payable!adj!
payroll!nC!

pay!vT!!give!attention,!
compliment,!visit,!etc!
payee!nC!
payer!nC!
payment!nCU!!
punishment,!reward!
pay(cheque!nC!Brit/!pay(
check(!nC!Am!!see!also!
2(
@!cheque/(check

pave!vT!
pave(the(way(for(
paved!adj!
paving!nU!
paving(stone!nC!esp!
Brit!!see!also!@!
(
stone
paw!vIT!informal!
paid!adj!
pay!vI!!be!worth!
pay(attention(to(sb/(
sth!!see!also!@!
3
attend /attention(
pay(any/the(price!!
suffer!consequences;!!
see!also!@!price(
pay(sb/sth(back!phr!
v!
pay(in!phr!v!!deposit!
money!in!bank,!etc!
pay;off!nC!!settle!a!
debt!

409!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

repay!vT!
repayment!nC!
pea!nC!

unpaid!neg!adj!

tax(payer!nC!!see!
also!@!tax(
(

pay(out!phr!v!
pay(up!!phr!v!!pay!
reluctantly!
repayable!adj!

peace!nU!!quiet,!
calm!

peaceful!adj!

peacefully!adv!

peach!nC!

at(peace(
make(peace(
keep(the(peace(
peacekeeper!nC!!!
peacekeeping!nU!see!
2(
also!@!keep
peachy!adj!informal!

peak(

peak!vI!

peak!adj!
off;peak!neg!adj!

peanut!!see!also!@!
1(
nut
pear(

peak!nC!!top!of!
mountain,!etc!
peak!nC!!top,!high!
point!
(

peanut!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!nut
pear!nC!

peanut(butter!nU!!
see!also!@!butter(
(

pearl(

pearl!nC!!jewel!

peasant(

peasant!nC!

pearl!nC!!sb/sth!of!great! pearly!adj!
worth!
mother;of;pearl!nU!
(
peasantry!nU!

pebble(

pebble!nC!

pebbly!adj!

peculiar!!odd!

peculiar!adj!

pedal(

pedestrian!nC!
pedestrian!adj!!!
(

peculiarity!nC!
peculiarly!adv!
pedal!nC!
pedal!vIT!
!

pea(

peace(

peace!nU!!opp.!war!

peach(

pedestrian !!walker!
pedestrian !!
ordinary,!
!

pedestrian!adj!!(

backpedal!vI!
pedestrian(crossing!
1(
nC!!see!also!@!cross
(

410!

headword(

uninteresting!
peel(

A1(

A2(

B1(

peer !!equal!person!

peg(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

peel!vT!
peel!nCU!
peer!vI!

peeled!adj!
peeler!nC!
(

peer!nC!

peerless!adj!formal!

peg!nC!
peg!vT!

pen!!writing!
!
instrument

pen!nC!

penknife!nC!!see!also! (
@!knife(

pen!vT!

penalty(

penalize!vT!

penal!adj!

pencil(

pencil!nC!

ballpen/ball;pen/(
ballpoint(pen!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!ball
pen;friend!nC!!see!
also!@!friend(
penalty!nC!!
punishment!
penalty!nC!!in!sport!
(

clothes(peg!nC!Brit!!=!
clothes!pin!nC!Am!!
see!also!@!clothes(
fountain(pen!nC!!see!
also!@!fountain(
penpal!nC!!see!also!
@!pal(

in(pencil(

pencil(in!phr!v!

pending(

pending!adj!

penetrate(

penetrate!vIT!

penetration!nCU!

peninsula(

peninsula!nC!

penetrating!adj!
penetrative!adj!
impenetrable!neg!
adj!
peninsular!adj!

penis(

penis!nC!

penile!adj!

penny(

penny/pence!nC!

pension(

pension!nC!

pensioner!nC!

pension(off!phr!v!
pension(fund!nC!!see!
also!@!fund(
old;age(pension!nC!
old;age(pensioner!
nC!

peer !!look!hard!

411!

headword(

people!!see!also!@!
person(
1
pepper !!spice!

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

people!n!pl!

people!vT!

pepper!nU!

pepper !!vegetable!

pepper!nC!

pepper!vT!
peppery!adj!
peppercorn!nC!!see!
also!@!corn(
(

peppermint!!see!@!
mint(
per(

peppermint!nCU!

per!prep!

percent/per(cent!
adj/adv!
percentage!nCU(

perceive/perception(

perceive!vT!
perception!nCU!

perceived!adj!

percent/per(cent/%!!
see!also!@!per(

perch(

percent/per(cent!
adj/adv!
percentage!nCU(
(

perfect!adj!

perfectly!adv!

perch!nC!
perch!vIT!
perfect!vT!
perfection!nU!

per(annum(
per(capita(
per(se(
miles/kilometres(per(
hour(
perceptive!adj!
perceptual!adj!
perceptible!adj!
perceptibly!adj!
imperceptible!neg!
adj!
misperception!nCU!
percentile!nC!
one(hundred(per(
cent!!everything!
(

perfectly!adv!

perfect!adj!

perfect !!flawless!

perfect !!emphasis!
!

perfectionist!nC!
perfectionism!nU!
imperfect!neg!adj!
imperfectly!neg!adv!
imperfection!nCU!
to(perfection(
(

412!

headword(
1

perform !!carry!out!
action!
2
perform !!entertain!

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

perform!vT!

performance!nCU!

performer!nC!

performing!adj!

perfume(

perform(!vIT!
performance!nC!
(

perfume!nC!

perhaps(

perhaps!adv!!maybe!

peril(

perhaps!adv!!
approximately!
(

perfumed!adj!
perfume!vT!
(

perimeter(

perimeter!nC!

perilous!adj!
perilously!adv!
imperil!vT!
at(ones(peril(
(

period!nC!

periodic!adj!
periodically!adv!
(

periodical!nC!!
magazine!
(

period !!
menstruation!
permanent(

period!nC!Am!!see!
also!@!full/full(stop(
(

period!nC!!school!
lesson!
(
(

period!nC!

permanent!adj!

permanently!adv!

permit/permission(

permit!vT!

permission!nU(

permit!nC!

permitted!adj!
permissible!adj(

perpetual(

perpetual!adj!
perpetuate!vT!formal!

persist(

persist!vI!

persistent!adj(

persistence!nU!

period(pain!nCU!!see!
also!@!pain(
permanence!nU!
impermanent!neg!
adj!
impermanence!nU!
permissive!adj!
impermissible!neg!
adj(
perpetually!adv!
perpetuation!nU!
perpetuity!nU/in(
perpetuity!formal!
persistently!adv!

person/personal!!

person!nC!
personal!adj!!private!
personal!adj!!relating!

personal!adj!!bodily!
personally!adv!

impersonal!neg!adj!
interpersonal!adj!

impersonate!vT!
impersonation!nCU!

period !!length!of!
time!
2
period !!punctuation!
3

peril!nCU!

413!

headword(

see!also!@!people(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

to!a!person!

personal!adj!!private!

personal!adj!!bodily!
personally!adv!

impersonal!neg!adj!
interpersonal!adj!

salesperson!nC!!see!
also!@!sale(

personality(

personality!nC!!
celebrity!
(

personnel(

chairperson!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!chair
spokesperson!nC!!
see!also!@!speak,(
spoken(
personality!nCU!!
character!
personnel!nU!!
employees!

personable!adj!
personalize!vT!
personalized!adj!
in(person(
personal(pronoun!nC!!
see!also!@!pronoun(
(

perspective(

persuade(

persuade!vT!

perspective!nC!!
opinion!
(

personnel!n!sing!!
human!resources!
department!
(

persuasive!adj!

pertinent(

persuasion!nU!!
power!to!persuade!
(

pertinent!adj!!relevant!

pervade(

pervasive!adj!

pessimism!!see!also!
@!optimism(

pest(

pet(

pet!nC!

pest!nC!
pesticide!nCU!!see!
also!@!suicide(
(

pessimistic!adj!
pessimism!nU!
pessimist!nC!
(

petal(

persuasively!adv!
persuasiveness!nU!
pertinently!adv!
pervade(vT!
pervasively!adv!
pervasiveness!nU!
(

pester!vT!

pet!vT!

petal!nC!

414!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

petition(

petrol(

petrol!nU!esp!Brit!

petty(

pharmacy(

B2(

C2(

X(

petition!vT!

petrol(station!nC!Brit!! (
4(
see!also!@!station

petroleum!nU!esp!Brit!

petty!adj!

phase(

phase!nC!

pharmacy!nC!
pharmacist!nC!
pharmaceutical!adj!
(

petrol(pump!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!pump(
petrol(tank!nC!Brit!!
1(
see!also!@!tank
pettiness!nU!
pettily!adv!
petty(cash!nU!!see!
also!@!cash(
pharmaceutical!nC!

phenomenon/(
phenomena(
phenomenal!!
emphasis(
philosophy(

phenomenon!nC!

phase!vT!
phase(in/out(!phr!v!
phased!adj!
(

phenomenal!adj(

phenomenally(!adv!

philosophy!nU!

philosophically!adv!

phone!nC!
(
phone(call!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!call
cellphone!nC!Am!!
2(
see!also!@!cell
mobile(phone!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!mobile(
(

phone!vIT/phone(up!
phr!v!
phone(number!nC!!
see!also!@!number(

philosopher!nC!
philosophical!adj!
(

be(on(the(phone(

answerphone!nC!!
see!also!@!answer(
payphone!nC!!see!
also!@!pay(

phone(book!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!book
phone(booth!nC!!see!
also!@!booth(
phone(box!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!box
(

gramophone!nC!oldJ
fashioned!
headphone!!see!also!
1!
@!head

earphone!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!ear

phone !!telephone;!!
see!also!@!
telephone(

phone /;phone!!!

petition!nC!

C1(

415!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

phonetic(

microphone!nC!
(

phonetic!adj!

photocopy!!see!also!
@!copy(

photograph(

photograph!vT!
photographic!adj!
(

phrase(

photograph!nC!
photo!nC!informal!
phrase!nC!

photocopy!vT!
photocopy!nC!
photocopier!nC!
photocopied!adj!
photographer!nC!
photography!nU!
(

phonetics!nU!
phonetician!nC!
phonetically!adv!
photocopiable!adj!

phrase!vT!

phrasal!adj!

physical(

physical!adj!

physics(

physics!nU!

physically!adv!
physician!nC!formal!
(

physicist!nC!

physiology(

physiological!adj!

physiology!nU!

piano(

piano!nC!

pianist!nC!

pick(

pick!vT!!select!
pick!vT!!remove(
!

pick!nC!

pick(sb/sth(up!phr!v!!
lift!

pick(sb/sth(up!phr!v!!
collect!

pick;up!nC/pick;up(
truck!nC!!see!also!@!
truck(

pickpocket!nC!
pickpocket!vT!!see!also!
@!pocket(

grand(piano!nC!!see!
also!@!grand(
picky!adj!informal!
pick(at!phr!v!
pick(sbs(brains!!see!
also!@!brain(
pick(off!phr!v!
pick(on(sb!phr!v!!
persecute!
pick(sb/sth(out!phr!v!!
select!
pick(up!phr!v!!
improve!
pick(up!phr!v!!
continue!
pick(sth(up!phr!v!!
learn!informally!
take(your(pick(

416!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

picnic(

picture(

picture!nC!!drawing,!
paiting,!etc!

picture(nC!!TV,!film,!
etc!

picture!n!sing!!
description!

picturesque(

(
(

(
(

(
(

pie(

piece(

piece!nC!!part(

C1(

C2(

X(

picnic!nC!
picnic!vI!
picture!vT!!imagine!

picnic!nCU!fig!

be(no(picnic(

pictorial!adj!

depict!vT!
(

(
(

(
picturesque!adj!

picture(frame!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!frame
pictures!n!pl(
go(to(the(pictures(
depiction!nC!
(

pie!nC!

piece!nC!!single!item!

piece!nC!!artistic,!
academic!work!

piece(together!vT!

piece!nC!!coin!

in(pieces(

pier(

pier!nC!

apple(pie!nC!!see!
also!@!apple(
pie(in(the(sky(
(
go(to(pieces(
pick/pull(to(pieces(
piece(by(piece(
masterpiece!nC!
centrepiece!nC!Brit/!
bits(and(pieces!!see!also! centerpiece!nC!Am!!
2(
@!bit
see!also!@!centre/(
1!
center
hairpiece!nC!!see!
also!@!hair(
piecework!nU!!see!
2(
also!@!work
timepiece!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!time
a(piece(of(cake!!see!
also!@!cake(
tear(to(pieces!!see!
1!
also!@!tear
(
(

pierce(

pierce!vT!

pig(

pig!nC!!animal!

pig!nC!!unpleasant!
person!

pierced!adj!
piercing!adj!
piglet!nC!
piggery!nC!

417!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

pigeon(

pigeon!nC!

pile(

pile!nC!!heap!

pile!vIT/pile(up!phr!v!

pile;up!nC!

pilgrim(

pill(

pill!nC!!medicine!

the(pill!n!sing!!
contraceptive!

pilgrim!nC!
pilgrimage!nCU!
(

pillar(

pillar!nC!!column!

pillow(

pillow!nC!

pillar!nC!!fig:!!of!
strength,!the!
community,!etc!
(

pilot!!aviator!

pilot!nC!
pilot!vT!
pin!nC!!for!sewing,!
etc!
(

pin!vT!

drawing(pin!nC!Brit!=!
thumbtack!nC!Am;!!see!
1
also!@!draw /!(drawing(
pinpoint!vT/adj!

pin

1(

(
(

X(

piggish!adj!
piggy!nC!informal!
pigsty!nC!
pigeonhole!nC!
pigeonhole!vT!!see!
also!@!hole(
piles!n!pl!informal!!
lots!
stockpile!nC!
stockpile!vT!!see!also!
1(
@!stock
compost(pile!nC!Am!!
see!also!@!compost(
(
pillbox!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!box
sleeping(pill!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!sleep
pillar;box!nC!Brit!!
1(
see!also!@!box
pillowcase!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!case
(
pin(sb/sth(down!phr!
v!
clothes(pin!nC!Am!=!
clothes!peg!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!clothes(
hairpin!nC!!see!also!
@!hair(
pin(cushion!nC!!see!

418!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

PIN (

pinch(

pine!!tree,!wood!

X(

also!@!cushion(
rolling(pin!nC!!see!
also!@!roll/rolling(
(

PIN!nC!abbrev!=!
personal!
identification!
number!
PIN(number!nC!!see!
also!@!number(
(

pinch!vT!!squeeze!
pinch!nC!!squeeze!
pinch!nC!!small!amount!

pine!nCU!

pineapple(

pineapple!nC!

pinch!vT!Br!informal!!
steal!
at(a(pinch(
feel(the(pinch(
take(sth(with(a(pinch(
of(salt!!see!also!@!
salt(
pincers!n!usu!pl!
pincer!adj!
pinewood!nCU!!see!
1,2(
also!@!wood
(

pink(

pinkish!adj!

pinpoint!!see!also!@!
1
1(
pin ,(point
pint(

pink!adj!
pink!nCU!
(

pinpoint!vT/adj!!(

pint!nC!

pint;sized!adj!

pioneer(

pioneer!nC!

pious(

pious!adj!

pipe(

pipe!nC!!tube!

pipe!nC!!for!smoking!
pipe!nC!!musical!
instrument!

pipeline!nC!!see!also!@!
2(
line

pioneer!vT!
pioneering!adj!
piety!nU!
piously!adv!
pipe!vT!
pipe(down(!phr!v!
pipe(up!phr!v!

419!

headword(

pirate(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

pipedream!nC!!see!
also!@!dream!
piping!nU!
pipework!nU!!see!
2(
also!@!work
exhaust;pipe!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!exhaust
hosepipe!nC!!see!
also!@!hose(
piracy!nU!!robbery!
carried!out!by!pirates!
pirate!nC!!sb!who!
copies!illegally!
pirate!adj!!illegally!
copied!
piracy!nU!!illegal!
copying!
pirate!vT!!!
(

pirate!nC!!buccaneer(

pistol(

pistol!nC!

pit(

pitch !sports!ground!

pit!nC!!hole!
pit!nC!!mine!
pitch!nC!Brit!

pitcher(

pitfall(

pitcher(nC!Am!!=!jug;!! (
see!also!@!jug(
(
pitfall!nC!

pity!nU!

pitiful!adj!
pitifully!adv!
pity!vT!
piteous!adj!formal!
pitiable!adj!
pitiably!adv!
pitiless!neg!adj!
pitilessly!neg!adv!

pity !!sympathy!

armpit!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!arm
(

420!

headword(
2

A1(

A2(

for(pitys(sake!(
mores(the(pity!(

place!nC!!seat!in!
restaurant,!etc!
place!nC!!at!
university,!etc!
place!nC!!in!race,!
competition,!etc!
place!nC!informal!!
home,!house,!etc!
place!vT!award!a!
contract,!order,!etc!
(

take(place!!happen;!!
2!
see!also!@!take

placement!nCU!

anyplace!adv!informal!
Am!
someplace!adv!informal!
Am!
!

all(over(the(place!!
scattered,!
everywhere!
take(the(place(of(
sb/sth(
placemat!nC!!see!
also!@!mat(

place!nC!!position,!
point!
in(place(
!
(

fireplace!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!fire
workplace!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!work
(

birthplace!nC!!see!also!
@!birth(
marketplace!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!market
displace!vT!
displacement!nU(

plain!adj!!obvious;!

plain!adj!!unadorned,! (

plague!nCU!
plague!vT!
(

place!nC!!location!
place!vIT!!put!sth!
somewhere!

place !!position;!!see!
also!@!replace(

plague(
1

X(

pizza(

plain !!unadorned,!

C2(

C1(

place !!location!

B2(

pity!nU!
what(a(pity!(
pizza!nC!

pity !!regret!

B1(

plain!adj!!blunt,!

misplace!vT!
misplaced!neg!adj!
lose(ones(place!!see!
1(
also!@!lose
out(of(place!!
misplaced,!
inappropriate!
in(the(first/second,(
etc(place(
in(place(of!!
substitute!
know(ones(place(
(
plain;spoken/plain;

421!

headword(

A1(

etc!

A2(

B1(

C2(

plain!nC!

plain !!emphasis!

plaintiff(

plaintiff!nC!

plain!adj!
plainly!adv!
(

plan!nC!
plan!vIT!!make!plans!
plan!vIT!
plan(on!phr!v!
planning!nU!
(

planned!adj!

planner!nC!

plan!nC!

plane!!see!also!@!
aeroplane/airplane(

plane!nC!
by(plane(
(

aeroplane!nC!Brit!
airplane!nC!Am!

planet(

planet!nC!

planetary!adj!

unplanned!neg!adj!
family(planning!nU!!
see!also!@(family(
town(planning!nU!!
see!also!@!town(
planning!nU!!
designing!
biplane!nC!
cargo(plane!nC!!see!
also!@!cargo(
planemaker!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!make
seaplane!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!sea
interplanetary!adj!

plank(

plank!nC!

plant!nC!

plant!vT!!sow!seed,!
etc!

planting!nU!

eggplant!nC!esp!Am!
=!aubergine!

plant!vT!!fig:!plant!
idea,!doubt,!etc!
plantation!nC!
(

transplant!nCU!!
action,!process!

implant!vT!
implant!nC!
implantation!nCU!
transplant!vIT!
transplantation!nU(

1!!

plan !!drawing,!etc!

plant

forthright!

X(

plan future!
!
arrangement

opp.!ornate!

C1(

speaking!adj!!see!
also!@!speak/(
spoken!
floodplain!nC!!see!
also!@!flood(
(

plain !!flat!land!

easily!understood!

B2(

422!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

plaque(

transplant!nC!!sth!
that!has!been!
transplanted(
(

plasma(

plasma!nU!

plaster!nU!

plaster!nC!

plastic !!plastic!
surgery!

plastic!nCU!!material!
plastic!adj!
(

plate(

plate!nC!!flat!dish!

plate!nC!!notice:!!
numberplate,!
nameplate,!etc!
plate!nC!!sheet!of!
metal,!etc!

platter!nC!

plaster!vT!
plastered!adj!
plasterer!nC!
plaster(cast!nC!
sticking(plaster!nC!
2(
Brit!!see!also!@!stick
plastic!nU!informal!=!
credit!card!
plastic(surgery!nU!
plastic(surgeon!nC!!
see!also!@!surgery/(
surgeon(
plate!vT!
plateful!nC!
platelet!nC(
on(a(plate(
on(ones(plate(
armour/armor(plate!
nU/armour/armor;
plated!adj!!see!also!
@!armour/armor(
nameplate!nC!!see!
also!@!name(
numberplate!nC!esp!
Brit!!see!also!@!
number(
license(plate!nC!esp!
Am!!see!also!@!

plaster !!substance!

plaster !!dressing!for!
wound!
plastic !!material!

plaque!nC!

423!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

plateau(

plateau!nC!

licence/license(
plate(glass!nU!!see!
also!@!glass(
plateau!vI!

platform(

platform!nC!!long!
raised!structure!
(

platinum(

platform!nC!esp!Brit!!
railway!platform!
(

platinum!nU!

plausible(

plausible!adj!

play!vI!!enjoy!oneself! (
with!toys,!friends,!
etc!
play!vIT!!play!a!game,!
sport,!etc!
play!vT!!compete!
against!sb!
play(a(joke,(trick,(etc(
play!nU!
player!nC!

play(away/at(home(

playground!nC!!see!
2(
also!@(ground
playing(card!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!card

play!vIT!!make!music!

player!nC!!person!

plausibility!nU!
plausibly!adv!
implausible!neg!adj!
implausibly!neg!adv!
playful!adj!
playfully!adv!
playfulness!nU!
playing!nU!
play(at!phr!v!
play(off!phr!v!
playoff!nC!
play(on!phr!v!
play(sb(off(against(sb!
phr!v!
bring/come(into(play(
play(safe/play(it(safe(
plaything!nC!!see!
also!@!thing(
childs(play!nU!!see!
also!@!child(
outplay!vT!
playmate!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!mate
playtime!nU!!see!also!
1(
@!time
play(back!phr!v!

play !!have!fun,!
participate!in!sports!
match,!etc(

play !!make!music;!
!

424!

headword(

A1(

watch/listen!to!
recorded!music,!
pictures,!etc!

A2(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

play !!drama!

play!nC!

who!plays!an!
instrument!
player!nC!!machine!
that!plays!music(
cassette(player!nC!!
see!also!@!cassette(
DVD(player!nC!!see!
also!@!DVD(
record(player!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!record
play!vIT!
(

plea/plead(

pleasant/pleasure!!
2
see!also!@!please (

pleasant!adj!

plea!nC!formal!!
request!
plead!vI!!beg!
(

pleasure!nCU(

displeasure!nU!formal(

please !!polite!
request!
2
please !!make!sb!
happy;!!see!also!@!
pleasant,!pleasure(

please!exclam!!polite!
request!
(

please!exclam!!
emphasis!
please!vIT!
pleased!adj!

displease(vT!formal!

pledge(

plenty(

plenty!pron!
plenty!nU!

pledge!nC!!promise!
pledge!vT!
(

pleasing!adj!
(Im)(pleased(to(
meet(you!!!see!also!
1(
@!meet
(

plentiful!adj!

plentifully!adv!

on!an!instrument!
play!vIT!!recorded!
music,!etc!
!

B1(

play(a(part(in(sth(

playwright!nC(

plea!nC!!guilty/not!
guilty!in!a!court!
plead!vIT!!in!a!court!
(

pleasantly!adv!
unpleasant!neg!adj(

player!nC!!actor(
screenplay!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!screen
(

pleasantry!nC!formal!
unpleasantly!neg!
adv!
unpleasantness!nU(
pleasurable!adj!
pleasurably!adv!
with(pleasure!!
exclam!
(

425!

headword(

plight(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

plight!nC!usu!sing!

plot !!storyline!in!
novel,!etc!
2
plot !!secret!plan!

plot!nC!

lose(the(plot(

plot!nC!

plot!vIT!

plotter!nC!

plough/plow(

plough!nC!Brit/!plow!nC!
Am!
plough!vIT!Brit/plow!vIT!
Am!

pluck(

pluck!vT!

plough(back!phr!v!
Brit/!plow(back!phr!v!
Am!
snowplough!nC!Brit/!
snowplow!nC!Am!!
see!also!@!snow(
(

plug !!electrical!
(
device!
2
plug !!fill!a!hole,!esp.!! (
!
bath,!sink,!etc
plum(
(

plug!nC!

plug(in!phr!v!

plug!nC!

plug(vT!

plumb/plumber(

plumber!nC!

plum!nCU!
plum!adj!informal!!fig:!
very!good!
plumb!vT!
plumb(in!phr!v!
plumbing!nU!

plump(

plump!adj!

plunge(

plunge!vIT!

plural(

plural!adj!
plural!nCU!

unplug!vT!
unplugged!neg!adj!
plughole!nC!esp!Brit!!
see!also!@!hole(
(

plumb(line!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!line
plumb(the(depths!!
see!also!@!deep/(
depth(
plumpness!nU!
plump(up!phr!v!
plunge!nC!
plunger!nC!
plunging!adj!
take(the(plunge(
pluralize!vT!
pluralism!nU!
pluralist!nC!

426!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

plus(

plus!prep!

plus!adj!

plus!nC!

pneumonia(

pneumonia!nU!

pluralist!adj!
plurality!nCU!!
plus(sign!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!sign
(

p.m.!!after!midday!

p.m.!abbrev!

pocket(

pocket!nC!!in!
clothing!

pocket(money!nC!!
see!also!@!money(

pocket!nC!!fig:!!
empty!space!in!sth!

pocket!vT!
pickpocket!nC!
pickpocket!vT!!see!also!
@!pick(

poem/poetry(

poem!nC!

poetic/poetical!adj!

1!!

point!nC!!important!
idea!
point!nC!!purpose!

poet!nC!
poetry!nU!
point(of(view!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!view

standpoint!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!stand
viewpoint!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!view

pointless!neg!adj!

point!nC!!particular!
time!
point(nC!!particular!
place!
(

pinpoint!vT/adj!

pocket!adj!
pocket(book!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!book
pocket(watch!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!watch
in(sbs(pocket(
in/out(of(pocket(
poetically!adv!
poet(laureate!nC!Brit!
pointlessly!neg!adv!
a(case(in(point!!see!
2(
also!@!case
beside(the(point!!see!
also!@!beside(
keep/stick(to(the(
point(
make(a(point(of(
miss(the(point(
off/away(from(the(
point(
to(the(point(
point(sth(out!phr!v!
on(the(point(of(
doing(sth(
midpoint!nC!!see!
also!@!middle/mid;(
assembly(point!nC!!

point important!
idea,!purpose!

point !!time,!place(

(
!

427!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

point !!score!in!
tennis,!rugby,!etc!
4
point !!sharp!end!of!
sth!

point!nC!

point!nC!
pointed!adj!

point!vI!!with!finger!
to!indicate!direction,!
etc!
point!vT!!hold!knife,!
etc!at!sb/sth!
point!vT!!face!in!a!
direction,!aim!
(

ballpoint!nC/!
(
ballpoint(pen!nC!!see!
1
also!@!ball ,(pen(
(
(

decimal(point!nC!!
see!also!@(decimal(

poison(

poke(

poison!nCU!
poison!vT!
poisonous!adj!
(

poke!vIT!

point !!with!finger,!
weapon,!etc!

point !!point!on!
compass,!scale,!etc!

X(

see!also!@!assemble(
cashpoint!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!cash(
checkpoint!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!check
turning(point!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!turn
(
gunpoint!n!sing/at(
gunpoint!!see!also!@!
gun(
point(sb/sth(out!phr!
v!!identify!
point(to/towards!
phr!v!!suggest!
pointer!nC!

point!nC!!point!on!
compass!
pointer!nC!
poisoned!adj!
poisoner!nC!
poisoning!nU!
poker!nC!!rod!for!
poking!
poke(about/around!
phr!v!
!!
poke(fun(at(sb/sth
see!also!@!fun(
poke(ones(nose(
in/into(sth!!see!also!
(
@!nose

428!

headword(
1

pole !!length!of!
wood!

A1(

A2(

pole!nC!

B1(

pole !!North/South!
Pole;!magnetic!pole!

police(

police!n!pl!

policy plan,!esp.!
political!
2
policy !!document,!
esp.!insurance!
polish(

policy!nC!

B2(

C2(

X(

bargepole!nC!!see!
also!@!barge(
not(touch(with(a(
bargepole(
polar(bear!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!bear
poles(apart(
polarity!nU!

polar!adj!

policing!nU!
police!vT!

riot(police!n!pl!!see!
also!@!riot(

police(car!nC!!see!
also!@!car(
police(officer!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!office
policeman!nC!!see!
3
also!@!man ((
police(station(nC!!see!
3(
also!@!station
policewoman!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!woman
(
(

policy!nC!

polite(

polite!adj!

polish!nCU!
polish!vT!!use!polish!
to!shine,!smooth!sth!
(

unpolished!neg!adj!
polish(off!phr!v!
informal!!finish!
impolitely!neg!adv!

politics(

politics!nU!
political!adj!
(

politician!nC!

politically!adv!

polish!vT!!fig:!!improve,!
perfect!
polished!adj!
politely!adv!
politeness!nU!
impolite!neg!adj!
(

poll!nC!

polling!nU!

1((

poll(

pole!nC!
North(Pole!nU!!see!
also!@!north(
South(Pole!nU!!see!
also!@!south(
(

C1(

political(asylum!nU!!
see!also!@!asylum(
poll!vT!
polling(station!nC!!

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B1(

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C2(

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3

see!also!@!station (
opinion(poll!nC!!see!
also!@!opinion(
polluter!nC!
unpolluted!neg!adj!

pollute(

pollution!nU!

pond(

pond!nC!

pollute!vT!
pollutant!nC!
polluted!adj!
(

pony(

pony!nC!

whirlpool!nC!!see!
also!@!whirl(

poor!adj!

swimming(pool!nC!!
see!also!@!swim/(
swimming(
(

pool!nC!!puddle,!etc!
pool!nC!!swimming!
pool!
(

poor/the(poor!!nU!

poor!adj!

poorly!adv!

poor!adj!

pop(music!nU!!see!
also!@!music(
pop!vI!Brit!informal!

pop!nC!
pop!adj(
(

pop!vIT!

pop(by/in!phr!v!
pop(off!phr!v!
pop(on(phr!v!
pop(up!phr!v!
pop!nC!

pop!vI!

pope!nC!

popular!adj!

popularity!nU!

popular!adj!

papacy!nCU!
papal!adj!
popularly!adv!
unpopular!neg!adj!
(

pool

poor !!having!little!
money;!see!also!@!
poverty(
2
poor !!inferior,!bad!
3

poor !!sympathy,!
endearment!
1
pop !!music!
pop !!go!somewhere!
quickly,!do!sth!
quickly!
pop !!make!sudden!
noise!
4
pop !!come!off/out!
suddenly,!burst!
pope(
popular !!wellLliked!
popular !!general,!
!

popcorn!nU!!see!also!
@!corn(
(
(
(

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widespread!
population(

population!nC!

populate!vT!

porcelain(

porcelain!nU!

populated!adj!
unpopulated!neg!adj!
(

porch(

porch!nC!

pore(

pore!nC!

pork(

pork!nU!

porker!nC!

pornography(

porn!nU!informal!

port!

seaport!nC!!see!also!
@!sea(

portable(

port!nC!
airport!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!air
(

pornography!nU!
pornographic!adj!
(

porter!nC(

portable!adj!

portability!nu!

portal(

portal!nC!

porter(

porter!nC(

portfolio(

portfolio!nC!

portion(

portion!vT!
apportion!vT!

portrait(

portion!nC!!part!
portion!nC!!amount!
per!person!
portrait!nC!

portray!vT!

portrayal!nCU!

pose!vT!

pose!nC!

position!nC!!location!
position!nC!!rank,!
place!(in!race,!etc)!
(

pose!vIT!!for!picture,!
etc!
position!nC!!posture,!
etc!

position!vT!

in(position(
out(of(position(

position!nC!

position!nC!formal!

pose !!cause,!threat,!
etc!
2
pose !!position!
1

position !!location,!
etc!
2

position !!job!
3

position !!opinion!
!

heliport!nC!!see!also!
@!helicopter(

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B2(

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positive !!hopeful,!
encouraging!
2
positive !!above!
zero;!opp.!negative,!
minus!
3
positive !!electricity!

positive!adj!

positively!adv!

positive!adj!

positive!adj!

possess(

possess!vT!

possessive!adj!
possessiveness!nU!

possible/possibility(

possible!adj!!may!
happen,!uncertain!
possible!adj!!able!to!
be!done!
possibility!nCU!!
chance!
possibility!nC!!sth!
that!may!happen!
post!nU!esp!Brit!!
mail,!letters,!etc!
post!nU!esp!Brit!!mail!
system!

possibly!adv!!
uncertain,!maybe!
impossible!neg!adj!!
not!possible!
as(soon(as(possible!!
see!also!@!soon(

possession!nU!
(
formal!!ownership!
possession!nC!usu.!pl!!
belongings!
(
(

impossible!neg!adj!!
difficult,!unreasonable!
impossibility!nCU(

impossibly!neg!adv!
exhaust(the(
possibilities!!see!also!
2!
@!exhaust

postcard!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!card

post!vT!
(
postage!nU!
postman!nC!!see!also!
3(
@!man
post(office!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!office

postal!adj!

post !!job!

post!nC!

post!nC!
signpost!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!sign

gate;post!nC!!see!
also!@!gate(
lamp(post!nC!!see!
also!@!lamp(

by(post(
post(box/P(O(box(!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!box
postage(stamp!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!stamp
postmark!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!mark
postmaster!nC!!see!
also!@!master(
post!vT!!
postingnC!
bedpost!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!bed
goal(post!nC!!see!
also!@!goal(

post /postage!!mail!

post !!pole!

432!

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post !!put!up!sign,!
notice,!etc/poster(

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B2(

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C2(

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(
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(
(
(

(
(
post!nC!

post!vT!
poster!nC!
(

(
(
(

(
(
(

postgraduate!!see!
also!@!graduate(
postmodern(

postgraduate!nC/adj(

postpone(

postpone!vT!

postscript(

posture(

posture!nC!

postscript!nC!
PS!abbrev!
(

post;war(

pot!!container!

pot!nC!

pottery!nU!

potassium(

potassium!nU!

post;war/postwar!
adj!!see!also!@!war(
pot!vT!
chimneypot!nC!!see!
also!@!chimney(
coffeepot!nC!!see!
also!@!coffee(
flowerpot!nC!!see!
also!@!flower(
teapot!nC!!!see!also!
@!tea(
pots(of(sth!informal!
(

potato(

potato!nC!

post !!military!
position!

(
(
outpost!nC!
command(post!nC!!
see!also!@!
2
command !
(
postmodern!adj!!see!
also!@!modern(
postponement!nCU!

chipped(potato!nC!
2(
Brit!!see!also!@!chip
mashed(potato/(
potatoes!nC!!see!also!
@!mash(

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C2(

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potent(

potent!adj!

potential(

potential!adj!

potential!nU!

potentially!adv!

potato(chip!nC!Am!!
2(
see!also!@!chip
potato(crisp!nC!esp!
Brit!!see!also!@!crisp(
roast(potato!nC!!see!
also!@!roast(
potency!nU!
potently!adv!
impotent!neg!adj!
impotence!nU!
Impotently!neg!adv!
(

poultry(

poultry!nU!

pound!nC!esp!Brit!

pound!nC!

pound(sterling!nU!!
see!also!@!sterling(
(

pound !!hit,!crush,!
etc!
pour(

pound!vIT!

pounding!nC!usu!sing!

pour!vIT!!flow!

pour!vI!!rain!hard!

poverty!!see!also!@!
1(
poor

poverty!nU!

powder(

powder!nCU!

power!nU!!authority,!
force!
powerful!adj!

power!nU!!political!
power!
power!nU!!strength!

powerfully!adv!
powerless!neg!adj!

impoverished!adj!
impoverish!vT!
impoverishment!nU!
poverty;stricken!adj!!
1!
see!also!@!strike
powdered!adj!
powdery!adj!
powder!vT!
gunpowder!nU!!see!
also!@!gun(
power!nC!!important!
country,!person,!etc!
superpower!nC!

pound /(
pound /lb(

power !!authority,!
strength,!etc!

434!

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B2(

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C2(

empower!vT!
(

power!nU!

power!vT!
(

practice!nU!

practical!adj!
practise!vT!Brit/!
practice!vT!Am!

practicable!adj!
practically!adv!
impractical!neg!adj!

practice!nCU!

practise!vIT!Brit/!
practice!vIT!Am!

practitioner!nC!

power !!driving!force!

practice/practise !!
application,!not!
theory!

practice/practise !!
regular!activity,!
training,!etc!
!

A2(

X(

powers!n!pl!!mental!
abilities!
powerlessly!neg!adv!
powers!n!pl!!people!
in!authority!
the(powers(that(be(
come(to(power(
lose(power(
empowered!adj!
empowering!adj!
empowerment!nU(
powered!adj!
firepower!nU!!see!
2(
also!@!fire
horsepower!nCU!!
see!also!@!horse(
manpower!nU!!see!
2(
also!@!man
nuclear(power!nU(
nuclear;powered!adj!
1(
see!also!@(nuclear
power(station!nC!!
4(
see!also!@!station
practising!adj!Brit/!
practicing!adj!Am!
practicality!nCU!
practise/practice(
what(you(preach!!
see!also!@!preach(
in(practice(
put(into(practice(
practising!adj!Brit/!
practicing!adj!Am!
out(of(practice(

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3!

practice/practise
!
medical,!legal,!etc

practise!vT!Brit/!
practice!vT!Am(

practice!nC!

practically!!almost!

practically!adv!

pragmatic(

pragmatic!adj!

prairie(

prairie!nC!

pragmatically!adv!
pragmatism!nU!
pragmatist!nC!
(

praise!!admiration!

praise!nCU!

praise!vT!

sing(sbs(praises(

pram(

pray/prayer!!!

pray!vI!!hope!

prayer(mat!nC!!see!
also!@!mat(

preach(

pram!nC!Brit!=!baby!
carriage!nC!Am;!!see!
also!@!baby,(
1(
carriage
pray!vIT!worship!
prayer!nU!!act!of!
worship!
(

preach!vIT!
preacher!nC!

precarious(

precarious!adj!

preaching!nU!
practise/practice(
what(you(preach!!
see!also!@!practice/(
1(
practise
precariously!adv!

precaution!!see!also!
@!caution(
precede/precedent(

precaution!nCU!

precautionary!adj!

precede!vT!

preceding!adj!
precedence!nU!

precious(

precious!adj!!
valuable!
precious!adj!!loved,!
cherished(

precedent!nCU!
unprecedented!neg!
adj(
(

preciously!adv!
preciousness!nU!

practising!adj!Brit/!
practicing!adj!Am!
malpractice!nU!
(

436!

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precise/precisely

A1(
1(

A2(

precisely ((emphasis,!
agreement!
preclude(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

precision!nU!

precise!adj!
precisely!adv!!
accurately!
(

precisely!exclam!

imprecise!neg!adj!
imprecisely!neg!adv!
imprecision!nU!
(

preclude!vT!formal!

predator(

predator!nC!

predatory!adj!

predecessor(

predecessor!nC!

predict(

predict!vT!

prediction!nCU!

predictable!adj!

predictably!adv!
predictor!nC!
unpredictable!neg!adj!

predominantly!!see!
also!@!dominate/(
dominant(
preface(

predominantly!adv!

predominant!adj!

predictability!nU!
unpredictably!neg!
adv!
unpredictability!nU!
predominate!vI!

preface!nC!

prefer(

prefer!vT!

preference!nCU!

preferred!adj!

prefix!!see!also!@!
suffix(
pregnant(

prefix!nC!

preferable!adj!
preferably!adv!
preferential!adj!
(

pregnant!adj!

pregnancy!nCU!

pre;historic!!see!also!
@!history(
prejudice(

prejudice!nCU!

prejudiced!adj!

preliminary(

preliminary!adj!

pre;historic!adj!
pre;history!nU!
prejudice!vT!
without(prejudice(
(to)(
unprejudiced!neg!adj!
preliminary!nC!

prelude(

prelude!nC!

preface!vT!
prefatory!adj!
(

prefix!vT!

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premature!!see!also!
@!mature(
premier(

premature!adj!

prematurely!adv!

premier!adj!

premises(

premises!n!pl!

premiere!nC!!first!
performance!
(

premier!nC!esp!Brit!!
prime!minister!
(

premium(

premium!nC!!extra!
payment!

premium!nC!!
insurance!fee!

preoccupation!!see!
2
@!occupy !
prepare(

preoccupation!n!sing! (

prepare!vIT!!get!
ready!
prepare!vT!!prepare!
food,!etc!

preparation!nCU!
prepared!adj!

!!(

preparatory!adj!

preposition(

preposition!nC!

premium!adj!
at(a(premium(
put/place(a(
premium(on(sth(
preoccupied!adj!
preoccupy!vT!
unprepared!neg!adj!
preparedness!nU!
be(prepared(to(do(
sth(
make(preparations(
(

prescribe(

prescription!nC!

prescribe!vT!

present!nC!
present!vT!!give!
formally!

present/the(present!
n!sing!
present!adj!

presentation!nC!!
ceremony!to!give!sth!
birthday(present!nC!
see!also!@(birthday!
Christmas(present!
nC!!see!also!@!
Christian/Christmas(
at(present(

presently!adv!esp!
Brit!!shortly,!soon!

present!adj!
presence!n!sing!

presently!adv!esp!
Am!!currently,!now!
for(the(present(
up(to(the(present(
in(sbs(presence(
presence(of(mind!!
2(
see!also!@!mind

present !!gift!

present !!now!

present !!being!
somewhere!

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present !!introduce/!
host!a!TV!
programme!
5
present !show/!
explain!sth!formally!
preserve(

present!vT!Brit!

presenter!nC!Brit!

preserve!vT!

preservation!nU!

present!vIT!
presentation!nC!
(

pre;school!!see!also!
@!school(
preside(

preside!vI!

preservative!nC!
preserved!adj!
pre;school!adj!
pre;school!nC!
presiding!adj!

president!

president!nC!!of!
country!
press!vIT!
pressure!nCU!!force!

president!nC!!of!
company!etc!
(

presidential!adj!

presidency!nCU!

vice;president!nC!

press!vT!!iron!
clothes,!etc!
impression!nC!!mark!
made!by!pressure!

press!vIT!!fig:!
persuade!
pressure!nCU!

pressure!vT!

press/the(press!nU!

press !!hurry!

prestige(

prestige!nU!

press(on!phr!v!
pressing!adj!!urgent!
prestigious!adj!

press!nC!
pressure(cooker!nC!!
see!also!@!cook/(
cooker(
pressurize!vIT!
pressed!adj!
pressure(group!nC!!
see!also!@!group(
put(sb(under(
pressure(
press!nC!
printing(press!nC!!
see!also!@!print(
press(conference!nC!!
see!also!@!confer/(
conference(
press(release!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!release
(

press !!push/!
pressure(

press !!newspapers,!
etc!

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B2(

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presume(

presumably!adv!

presume!vT!

presumption!nCU!

presumed!adj!

pretend(

pretend!vIT!

pretty!adj!

pretence!nCU!Brit/!
pretense!nCU!Am!
(

pretty!adv!informal!

prevail!vI!formal!

prevail /prevalent!!
be!common!

prevent(

prevent!vT!

prevention!nU!

prevail!vI!formal!
prevailing!adj!
prevalence!nU!
prevalent!adj!
preventive/(
preventative!adj!

pretty(much(
pretty(well(
prevail(on/upon!!phr!
v!
(

preview!!see!also!@!
1!
view
previous(

previous!adj!

previously!adv!

preventable!adj!
unpreventable!neg!
adj!
preview!nC!
preview!vT!
(

pre;war!!see!also!@!
war(
prey(

pre;war/prewar!adj!

prey!nU!

price(

price!nC!

price!vT!

pricing!nU!

prick(

prick!vT!
prick!nC!

prey(on/upon!phr!v!
fall(prey(to(
bird(of(prey!nC!!see!
also!@!bird(
pricy!adj!informal!
priceless!adj!
at(any(price(
half;price!adj/adv!
pay(the/any(price!!
see!also!@!pay(
(

pretty !!attractive!
pretty !!fairly!
prevail !!win!

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pride!n!sing!!sth/sb!one!
is!proud!of!
pride(oneself(on(
priestess!nC!
priesthood!nU!

pride(and(joy!n!sing!!
see!also!@!joy(

pride!!see!also!@!
proud(

pride!nU!!feeling!

priest(

priest!nC!

prime(minister!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!minister

primacy!nU!formal!

prime!adj!!main/!
most!important!
prime!adj!!best!
quality!
primary!adj!

priestly!adj!
parish(priest!nC!!see!
also!@!parish!
(

primary!nC!Am!!
preliminary!election!

primitive(

primarily!adv!
primary(school!nC!
esp!Brit!!see!also!@!
school(
(

primitive!adj!

prince(

prince!nC!
princess!nC!
principal!adj!

primitively!adv!
primitiveness!nU!
princely!adj!

principally!adv!

principal!nC!!head!of!
school,!college,!etc!
principal!nC!

principle!nC!!basic!
idea!
(

principle!nC!!moral!
(
rule!
print!nU!!process!
(
print!nU!!published!
on!paper!
print!n!sing!!font!size!
print!vIT!!produce!sth!
in!print!
print!vT!!publish!sth!
in!a!newspaper,!etc!
print!vT!!print!a!
book,!etc!

print!nC!!printed!
picture!
printed!adj!
printing!nU!

blueprint!nC!

principled!adj!
unprincipled!neg!adj!
in(print(
out(of(print(

prime/primary

principal !!main!
principal !!sum!of!
money!
principle(
1

print !!reproducing!
documents,!books,!
etc!

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print !!mark!made!by! (
pressing!

print!vIT!!write!
clearly,!usually!in!
capitals!
printer!nC!machine;!
person!
(

prior(

priority(

prison(

prison!nC!!jail!
prison!nU!!system!

C1(

C2(

X(

fingerprint!vT!!see!
also!@!finger(

prior!adj!

print!nC!
(
fingerprint!nC!!see!
also!@!finger(
footprint!nC!!see!also!
@!foot(
prior(to!conj!
(

priority!nCU!

prioritize!vT!

prisoner!nC!

(
(
private!adj!!personal,!! (
not!public,secret!
private!adj!!family,!
sex,!etc!

(
(

imprisonment!nU!
(

imprison!vT!
privacy!nU!
privately!adv!
!

(
(

private!adj!!business,! (
privatelyLowned!

privatization!nCU(

private!nC!

in(prison(
prison(officer!nC!!see!
2
also!@!office /(
officer(
prisoner(of(war!nC!!
see!also!@!war(
imprisoned!adj!
in(private(
private(detective!nC!!
see!also!@!detect/(
detective(
private(parts!n!pl!
private(sector!nC!!
see!also!@!sector(
privatize!vT!
private(sector!nC!!
see!also!@!sector!
(

privilege!nC!

private !!personal,!
secret!

private ((not!
publiclyLowned(
private !!rank!in!
army!
privilege(
!

B2(

privileged!adj!
underprivileged!adj!

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C1(

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prize(

prize!nC!

pro!!advantage!

pro!nC!!!

probable/probably(

probably!adv!

probable!adj!

probability!nC!

improbable!neg!adj!

probation(

probation!nU!

probe(

problem(

problem!nC!

probe!vIT!
probe!nC!
problematic!adj!

procedure(

procedure!nCU!!
system!
(

procedural!adj(

process!nC!

proceed!vI!
proceedings!n!pl!
formal!
processing!nU!

procedure!nC!!
surgery,!operation!
proceeds!n!pl!formal!
money!collected!

no(problem!!exclam!
unproblematic!neg!
adj!
(

process!vT!
processor!nC!!
computer!

procession!nC!

processed!adj!
data;processing!nU!!
see!also!@!data(
in(the(process(of(
doing(sth(
process!vI!

proclaim!vT!

proclamation!nCU!

produce!vT!!make,!
cause!

producer!nC!!
manufacturer!

production!nCU!!
things!made;!output!

produce!nU!!crops,!
etc!

productively!adv!
unproductive!neg!

proceed(

process !!procedure!
to!do/make!sth!

process !!formal!
walk/procession(
proclaim/(
proclamation(
1
produce !!make!
!

prize!vT!!value!
prized!adj!
prize;giving!adj/nC!
prize;winning!adj!
prize;winner!nC!
pros(and(cons!!see!
1(
also!@!con
improbably!neg!adv!
improbability!nCU!
in(all(probability(
probation(officer!nC!!
2
see!also!@!office /(
officer(
probing!adj!

443!

headword(

produce !!make!film,!
TV!programme,!etc!

A1(

product!nC!
production!nU!!
process!of!making!
sth!
(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

productive!adj!
productivity!nU!

produce!vT!
producer!nC!

X(

adj!
counterproductive!
neg!adj!!
production!nU!!
process!of!making!
film,!etc!
production!nC!!film,!
etc!produced!
profession!n!sing!!
those!in!a!profession!

professionalism!nU!
professionally!adv!

unprofessional!neg!
adj!
unprofessionally!neg!
adv!

professorial!adj!

profession(

professional!adj!!
relating!to!a!
profession!

professor(

profession!nC!!type!
(
of!work!
professional!adj!!not!
amateur!
professional!adj!!
conforming!to!
professional!
standards!
professional!nC!!sb!in!
a!profession!
professor!nC!
(

proficient(

proficiency!nU!

proficient!adj!

proficiently!adv!

profile!nC!

profile !!silhouette!

profile!nC!

profile!vT!
keep(a(low(profile(
high;/low;profile!adj!
(

profit(

profit!nCU!!monetary! (
gain!

profit!nCU!!fig:!!
advantage!

unprofitable!neg!adj!

profound/(

profound!adj!

profit!vT!
profitable!adj!
profitability!nU!
non;profit!adj!
non;profit;making((
adj!
not;for;profit!adj(
(

profoundly!adv!

profile !!public!
visibility!

444!

headword(

profundity(
1
program /(
programme!!
broadcast!
2
program !!computer!

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

programme!nC!Brit/!
program!nC!Am!

profundity!nU!
programming!nU!

program!nC!

programming!nU!

program /!
programme!!
timetable,!plan!
1
progress !!become!
more!modern,!
developed!
2
progress !!continue!

programme!nC!Brit/!
program!nC!Am!

program!vT!
programmer!nC!
(

progress!nU!

progress!vI!
progressive!adj!

progress!nU!

progress!vI!

progression!nU!
progressively!adv!

prohibit(

prohibit!vT!

project!nC!

prohibition!nCU!
prohibited!adj!
(

in(progress!formal!
progressive!adj!!
gradual!
prohibitive!adj!
prohibitively!adv!
(

project!vT!

project!vT!

projection!nC!

projected!adj!

projectile!nC!
projector!nC!
projectionist!nC!
(

project !!stick!out,!
protrude!
proliferate/(prolific(

project!vI!

proliferate!vI!

prolong(

proliferation!nU!
prolific!adj!
prolonged!adj!

prominent(

prominent!adj!

come(to(prominence(

promise!vIT!

promise!nC!

prominence!nU!
prominently!adv!
(

project !!scheme!
project !!direct!sth!
through!the!air!
project !!forecast!

promise !!pledge,!
give!ones!word!

prolong!vT!

promised!adj!
make(a(promise(
keep(a/ones(

445!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

promising!adj!

promise!nU!

promote!vT!

promotional!adj!

promote!vT!

promotion!nCU!

promoter!nC!
promotion!nCU!
(

promise(
break(a/ones(
promise!!see!also!@!
1(
break
promisingly!adv!
unpromising!neg!adj!
full(of(promise(
(

prompt!vT!

prompt !!punctual!

prone!!vulnerable!

prone!adj!

prompt!adj!
promptly!adv!
(

prompt(sb(to(do(sth(
prompting!nU!
unprompted!neg!adj!
promptness!nU!

pronoun!!see!also!@!
noun(
pronounce!!speak!in!
a!particular!way!

pronoun!nC!

pronounce!vT!

pronunciation!nCU!

(
prove!vT!

(
(

proof!nCU(
!

(
(

(
(

(
proven!adj!

proof!nC!

waterproof!adj!!see!
also!@!water(

proof!adj!

promise !!potential!

promote !!advertise,!
support!
2
promote !!increase!
rank!
1
prompt !!cause!

proof !!
demonstration!of!
truth,!etc;!!see!also!
@!prove(
proof !!trial!print!
proof /;proof(

be(prone(to(sth/do(
sth(
accident;prone!adj!!
see!also!@!accident(
personal(pronoun!nC!
pronounceable!adj!
unpronounceable!
neg!adj!
(
disprove!vT!
prove(oneself(
unproven!neg!adj!
proofread!vIT!
proofreader!nC!
bulletproof!adj!!see!
also!@!bullet(
childproof!adj!!see!

446!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

prop!nC!

propel!vT!

proper!adj!!correct,!
real!
properly!adv!

improper!neg!adj!!not!
suitable!

property!nU!

property!nCU!

propeller!nC!
propulsion!nU!
propellant!nC!
improper!neg!adj!!
indecent!
improper!neg!adj!!
incorrect!
improperly!neg!adv!
proper(noun!nC!!see!
also!@!noun(
lost(property(office!
nC!!see!also!@!
1!
lose/lost,(office
(

prophet!nC!
prophecy!nCU!

prophesy!vIT!
prophetic!adj!

propaganda(

propel/propulsion(

proper(

X(

prop!vT/prop(up!phr!
v!
propaganda!nU!

C2(

also!@!child(
dustproof!adj!!see!
also!@!dust(
fireproof!adj!!see!
1(
also!@!fire
shockproof!adj!!see!
also!@!shock(
soundproof!adj!
soundproof!vIT!
soundproofing!nU!!
1(
see!also!@!sound
waterproof!nC!usu!pl!!
see!also!@!water(
prop(against!phr!v!

prop(

property !
possessions,!!
belongings!
2
property !!building,!
etc!
prophet(

C1(

447!

headword(

proportion(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

proportion!nC!!
percentage!

proportional!adj!

propose !!suggest!
sth!
2
propose !!suggest!
marriage!
proprietor(

proposal!nC!

proposition!nC!

propose!vT!
proposed!adj!
propose!vIT!
proposal!nC!
(

in(proportion(to(
disproportionate!
neg!adj!
disproportionately!
neg!adv!
(

proprietor!nC!

prose(

prose!nU!

prosecute(

prosecute!vIT!

prospect!possibility!

prospect!nCU!

prosecution!nCU!!
legal!process!
prosecution!n!sing!!
lawyer,!team!of!
lawyers!
prosecutor!nC!
(

prosaic!adj!
prosaically!adv!
(

prospective!adj!

prosper(

prosperity!nU!

prostitute(

protect(

protect!vIT!
protection!nU!
(

protective!adj!

protected!adj!

prosper!vI!
prosperous!adj!
prostitute!nC!
prostitution!nU!
protector!nC!

protein!nC!

do(sth(under(protest(

protester!nC!

protest!nCU!
protest!vIT!
protest!nC!
protest!vIT!
(

protestant!adj!
protestant!nC!

Protestantism!nU!

protein(
1

protest ((strong!
complaint!
2
protest !!
demonstrate!
protestant(

prostitute!vT/(
prostitute(oneself(
unprotected!neg!adj!

448!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

protocol(

protocol!nCU!

prototype(

prototype!nC!

proud!!see!also!@!
pride(
prove!!demonstrate!
truth!of!sth;!see!also!
@!proof(
provide/provision(

proud!adj!

proudly!adv!

prove!vT!

proven!adj!

provide!vT!

provision!nCU!!
supplies!
provided((that)!conj!
providing((that)!conj!

provider!nC!

provided/providing(

provision!nU!!
providing!
(

disprove!vT!
prove(oneself(
unproven!neg!adj(
provide(for!phr!v!

province(

province!nC!

provision!nC!!
(
condition!of!
contract,!etc!
provincial!adj!!
(
relating!to!a!province!

provisional(

provisional!adj!

provoke/(
provocation(
proximity(

provoke!vT!

provocatively!adv!

provocation!nCU!
provocative!adj!
proximity!n!sing!

prudent(

prudent!adj!

psychiatry(

psychiatric!adj!
psychiatrist!nC!
(

psychic(

psychiatry!nU!
!
psychoanalyst!nC!
psychoanalytic!adj!
psychic!adj!

prudence!nU!
imprudence!nU!
imprudent!neg!adj!
(

psychology(

psychology!nU!
psychological!adj!
psychologist!nC!

proviso!nC!

provinces!n!pl!!areas!
outside!the!capital!
provincial!adj!
unintresting!
provisionally!adj!

proximal!adj!

psychoanalyst!nC(
psychic!nC!
(

449!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

pub(

pub!nC!

public(

public!adj!!referring!
to!many/most!
people!
the(public!nU!

public!adj!!opp.!
private!

public!adj!!belonging!
to!the!government!
in(public(
publicly!adj!
(
public(school!nC!Brit!!
feeLpaying!school;!
see!also!@!school(
public(school!nC!esp!
Am!=!government!
school!
(

publicity(

publicity!nU!

public(holiday!nC!!
see!also!@!holiday(
public(transport!nU!
esp!Brit!!see!also!@!
transport(
public(
transportation!nC!
esp!Am!!see!also!@!
transport/(
transportation(
(

publish/publication(

publish!vT!

publisher!nC!

publishing!nU!

published!adj!

pudding(

publication!nU!act,!!
process!of!publishing!
publication!nC!!sth!
published!
(

rice(pudding!nCU!!
see!also!@!rice(

pull(

pull!vIT!!drag,!move!
forward!or!towards!
(

pull!nC!usu!sing!

pudding!nCU!sweet,!
usu.!cold!dish!
pudding!nCU!Brit!!
softLcrust!pie!
pudding(nCU!Brit!!
dessert(
(

pull(apart!phr!v!
pull(away/off/out!
phr!v!!leave!in!vehicle!
pull(down!phr!v!!

(
!

publican!nC!
public(house!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!house
the(general(public!
nU!
public(convenience!
nC!!see!also!@!
convenience(
public(house!nC!!see!
2
also!@!house (
public(lavatory!nC!!
see!also!@!lavatory(
public(opinion!nU!!
see!also!@!opinion(
public(relations!n!pl!!
see!also!@!relations(
public(sector!nC!!see!
also!@!sector(
publicist!nC!
publicize(!vT!
unpublished!neg!adj!
unpublishable!neg!
adj!

450!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

demolish!
pull(in/over!phr!v!!
park,!arrive!
pull(off!phr!v!!
remove!
pull(it(off!phr!v!!
succeed!
pull(on!phr!v!!dress!
hurriedly(
pull(out!!phr!v!!
extract!
pull(through!phr!v!
recover!
pull(together!phr!v!!
work!together!
pull(oneself(together!
phr!v!!control!ones!
feelings!
pull(up!phr!v!!stop!a!
vehicle!
pullover(

pullover!nC!

pulse(

pulse!nC!

pump(

pump!nC!
pump!vT!

pumpkin(

pumpkin!nC!

pulse!vI!
pulsing!adj!
petrol(pump!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!petrol(
stomach(pump!nC!!
see!also!@!stomach(
(

punch!vT!!!

punch!nC!!!

punch!nC!

punch!vT!

punctual!adj!

paper(punch!nC!!see!
also!@!paper(
punctually!adv!
punctuality!nU!

punch !!hit!with!fist!
punch !!device!for!
making!a!hole!
punctual(
!

451!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

punctuate(

punctuation!nU!

punish(

punish!vT!
punishment!nCU!

capital(punishment!nU!!
4(
see!also!@!capital

punk(

X(

punk!nC!informal!

punctuate!vT!
punctuated!adj!
punished!adj!
punishing!adj!
unpunished!neg!adj!
punk!adj!informal(

pupil!nC!

pupil !!eye!part!

pupil!nC!

puppet(

puppet!nC!

puppy(

puppy!nC!

puppet!adj!
puppeteer!nC!
puppetry!nU!
pup!nC!

purchase!!buy!

purchasing!nU!

pure!adj!

purchase!vT!
purchase!nCU!!item!
purchase!nCU!!act!
purchaser!nC!
(

purity!nU!

purify!vT!

purely!adv!

pure!adj!

purifier!nC!
purification!nU!
impure!neg!adj!
impurity!nC!
(

pupil !!student!

pure !!not!mixed,!
unpolluted!

pure !!emphasis:!!
complete!
purple(
purpose ((reason,!
function,!etc!
2
purpose !!intention!

purpose!nC!!reason!

purple!adj(
purple!nCU!
purpose!nC!!function!

purpose!nC!

on(purpose(

purposely!adv!

purposeful!adj!
purposeless!neg!adj!
(

purse(

pursue!!follow/(

pursue!vT!

purse!nC!Brit!!
womans!wallet!
purse!nC!Am!!
handbag!
(

pursuit!nC!

pursuer!nC!

452!

headword(

pursuit(
1
push !!press,!etc!
(

push !!persuade,!
bully!

put !!place!sth!
somewhere!

A1(

A2(

push!vIT!!press,!
move!forcefully!
(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

pushed!adj!

push!nC!!act!of!
pushing!
(

push!vT!
push!vT!informal!!try!
to!sell!sth!

put!vT!!put!sth!
somewhere!
put!vT!!trust,!
emphasis,!etc!
put(sth(on!phr!v!!put!
clothes!on!

put(sth(away!phr!v!!
store!
put(sth/sb(down!phr!
v!!place!on!surface!
put(sth(out!phr!v!!
extinguish!

put(sth(off!phr!v!!
delay!
put(sth(on!phr!v!Brit!!
switch!sth!on!
put(sth(up!phr!v!!
raise,!increase!
put(sb(up!phr!v!!
accommodate!
put(the(clocks(
back/forward((see!
also!@(clock(

push(ahead((with)!
phr!v!
push(back!phr!v!
push(on!phr!v!
pushchair!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!
stroll/stroller(
pushy!adj!informal!
push(around!phr!v!
pushover!nC!
informal!
push(through!phr!v!
put(aside!phr!v!!
discard!
put(back!phr!v!!
postpone!
put(down!phr!v!!
suppress!by!force!
put(sth(in/into(sth!
phr!v!!invest!effort,!
time,!money,!etc!
put(out!phr!v!!
distribute!
put(sth(together!phr!
v!!assemble!
put(sth(up!phr!v!!
build!
put(up(with(sb/sth!
phr!v!!tolerate!
stay(put!!remain!
somewhere;!see!also!

453!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

put !!state,!express!

put(sth((down)((in(
writing)(!phr!v!!state!
in!writing!

put(ones(name(
put(sb(off((sth/sb)!
down/forward!phr!v!! phr!v!!discourage!
volunteer(

puzzle(

puzzle!nC!!mystery!
game,!riddle,!etc!

puzzle!nC!usu!sing!!
mystery,!problem!
puzzle!vT!

pyjamas/pajamas(

pyramid(

pyjamas!n!pl!Brit/(
pajamas!n!pl!Am!
pyramid!nC!

puzzled!adj!!mystified!
crossword!nC/(
crossword(puzzle!nC!!
see!also!@!word(
(

@!stay(
put!vT!!state!in!
speech!or!writing!
put(across/over!phr!
v!!convey!meaning!
put(sth(down(to(sth!
phr!v!!think!that!sth!
is!caused!by!sth!
put(sth/sb(forward!
phr!v!!propose!
put(in(for(sth!phr!v!!
apply!for!sth!
put(sb(through!phr!v!!
make!telephone!
connection!
puzzling!adj!
puzzle(out!phr!v!!
solve!a!problem!
jigsaw(puzzle!nC!
(

Qq(

qualified!adj!

disqualify!vT!
!
(

qualify!vIT!!graduate!
qualification!nC!!
certificate,!etc!
qualify!vIT!!be!
eligible!
(

unqualified!neg!adj!!
without!
qualifications!
disqualification!nCU!
disqualified!neg!adj!
unqualified!neg!adj!!
without!restriction!

qualify (/(
1
qualification !!
certify/!certification,!(
2
qualify !!be!eligible!
3

qualify (/!
qualification!
restrict/restriction!

qualify!vT!
qualified!adj!
qualification!nC!

454!

headword(

A1(

quality!nCU!!
standard!

quality !!
characteristic!
quantity(

quarrel(

quality !!standard!

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

qualitative!adj!

quality!nU!!high!
standard!
quality!adj!
(

qualitatively!adv!
high;/low;quality!
adj!
(

quality!nC!

quantity!nCU!

quantitative!adj!
quantum!nC!

quarterly!adv/adj!

quarter!nC!!3!months!
quarter!vT!

quarters!n!pl!

quarter!vT!

quay!nC!

quayside!nC/adj!

quantify!vT!
quantitatively!adv!
in(quantity(
quantifiable!adj!
quarrelsome!adj!

quarters(

quarrel!nC!
quarrel!vI!
quarter!nC!!15!
minutes!
a(quarter/three(
quarters(of(an(hour(
(

quay(

a(quarter(to!Brit/a(
quarter(of!Am!!
telling!time!
a(quarter(past(
headquarters!n!pl!
HQ!abbrev!
(

queen(

queen!nC!

queer(

queer!adj!!strange!

drama(queen!nC!
informal!!see!also!@!
drama(
(

query(

query!nC!

query!vT!

quest(

quest!nC!formal!

question(

question!nC!!query,!
inquiry!
!

question!nC!!item!in!
test,!exam!
question!nC!!
problem,!issue!
question!vT!!ask,!
interrogate(

question!vT!!doubt!

questionnaire!nC!

question(mark!nC!!
2!
see!also!@!mark
questionable!adj!

questioning!nU!

question!nU!!doubt,!
confusion!
unquestionable!neg!
adj!
unquestionably!neg!
adv!
unquestioned!neg!
adj!

quarter

quarter!nC!!oneL
fourth,!!

455!

headword(

A1(

A2(

queue!!see!also!@!
1!
line

quick(

quick!adj!!fast!
quickly!adv!

quid(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

beside(the(question(
beyond((all)(
question(
call(into(question(
in(question(
multiple;choice(
question!nC!!see!also!
1
@!choice ,(multiple(
out(of(the(question(
without(question(
jump(the(queue!!see!
also!@!jump(

queue!nC!Brit!
queue!vI!Brit!
queue(up!phr!v!Brit!
quick!adv!

quiet(

quiet!adj!
quietly!adv!

quid!n!sing!informal!
Brit!
(

quilt(

quilt!nC!

quit(

quit!vIT!informal!

quiet!nU!
quietness!nU!
quiet/quiet(down!
phr!v!Am!
quieten/quieten(
down!phr!v!Brit!
on(the(quiet(
quilt!adj!
quilted!adj!
quitter!nC!!

quite!adv!Brit!

quite!adv!

not(quite(

quite !!fairly!
quite !!completely!
!

quick!adj!!intelligent!
quick!adj/quick;
tempered!adj!!see!
also!@!temper(
quicken!vIT!
quickness!nU!
(

456!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

quiz(

quiz!nC!!competition!

quota(

quota!nC!

quiz!vT!
quiz!nC!Am!short!test!
quizmaster!nC!
quizzical!adj!
quizzically!adv!
(

quotation!nC!

quotation(mark!nC!usu!
2!
pl!!see!also!@!mark

quotable!adj!
unquotable!neg!adj!

quote !!give!a!price!

quote!vIT!
quote!nC!
(
!

Rr(

quote!vIT!
quotation!nC!
(

rabbit(

rabbit!nC!

race!nC!!sports!
contest!

race!nC!!nonLsports!
contest!

race!vIT!!hurry;!nonL
sport!

relay(race!nC!!see!
also!@!relay(

race!nCU!

rack(

racially!adv!
racism!nU!
racist!adj!
racist!nC!
rack!nC!

horse;racing!nU!!
race(horse!nC!!see!also!
@!horse(
motor;racing!nU!!see!
also!@!motor(
(

race(course!nC!Brit!!
5(
see!also!@!course
race(track!nC!esp!Am!!
2
see!also!@!track (

race !!ethnic!group!

race!vIT!!in!sport!
racing!adj!
racing!nU!
racing(car!nC!Brit/!
race(car!nC!!Am!!see!
1(
also!@!car
racing(driver!nC!!see!
1
also!@!drive /driver(
racial!adj!

luggage(rack!nC!!see!
also!@!luggage(
roof(rack!nC!!see!also!
@!roof(
toast(rack!nC!!see!
also!@!toast(
tool(rack!nC!!see!also!

quote !!cite!sbs!
words!

race !!contest!

race(relations!n!pl!!
see!also!@!relations(

457!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

racket!nU!informal!

@!tool(
(

racket /racquet!!
sport!
radar(

racket/racquet!nC!

radar!nCU!

radiate/radiation/(
radiator(

radiation!nU!!nuclear! (

radiate!vIT!
radiant!adj!

radical(

radical!adj!!
innovative!

radio(

radio!vIT!

radioactive(

radio!nC!
radio!nU!
(

radical!adj!!
politically,!religiously!
extreme!
radical!nC!
(

radiation!nU!!heat,!
light,!etc!
radiator!nC!
radically!adj!

radioactive!adj!

digital(radio!nC!!see!
also!@!digital(
radioactivity!nU!

radius(

radius!nC!

raffle(

raft(

raffle!nC!
raffle!vT!
(

raft!nC!

rag(

rage(

rage!nCU!

rag!nC!
ragged!adj!
rage!vI!

outrage!nU!!anger!

outrageous!adj!
outraged!adj!

raid!nC!!quick!attack,!

raider!nC!

1!

racket !noise

raid(
!

radicalize!vT!
radicalism!nU!

raging!adj!
road(rage!nU!!see!
also!@!road(
enrage!vT!
enraged!adj(
outrage!nC!!shocking!
event!
outrage!vT!
outrageously!adv!
smash;and;grab(raid!

458!

headword(

A1(

rail !!railway!system!

(((railway/railroad(

rail /railing!!bar!

rain(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

robbery,!etc!
raid!vT!
air(raid!nC!!see!also!
2(
@!air
(

nC!Brit!!see!also!@!
smash,(grab(

derail!vT!
derailment!nC!
go(off(the(rails(

railway(line!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!line

railroad(crossing!nC!
Am!!see!also!@!
1
cross /(crossing(

rail!nCU!!railway!
system!
rail!nC!!railway!line/!
track!
railway!nC!esp!Brit!
railroad!nC!esp!Am!
railway/railroad(
station!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!station
(

rail!nC!

railing!nC!

rainy!adj!

rainstorm!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!storm

rainbow!nC!!see!also!
(
@!bow

pay(raise!nC!esp!Am!!
1(
see!also!@!pay,(rise

raise!vT!!look!after!a!
child!

raised!adj!

rainfall!nU!!see!also!@!
1!
fall
rainforest!nC!!see!also!
@!forest(
raise!vT!!collect!money,!
taxes,!etc!
raise!nC!esp!Am!!
increase!in!pay!
(

rain(cats(and(dogs!
idiom!
raindrop!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!drop
(

raise lift,!increase,!
etc;!!see!also!@!rise(

raise!vT!!lift!

rain!nU!
rain!vI!
raincoat!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!coat
rainwater!nU!!see!
also!@!water(
raise!vT!!increase!

raisin(

raisin!nC!

rake(

rake!nC!
rake!vT!

rally!!public!
gathering!
ram!!male!sheep!

rally!nC!

rally!vIT!

ram!nC!

rake(in(!phr!v!
rake(through!phr!v!
rake(up!phr!v!
rally(around/(round!
phr!v!Brit!
(

ramp(

ramp!nC!

!!!

459!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

ranch(

ranch!nC!esp!Am!

rancher!nC!

ranching!nU!

random(

random!adj!

randomly!adv!

at(random(

range!nC!!series,!
variety!

range!nC!!range!of!
products,!etc!
range!nC!!hills,!
mountains,!etc!
(

range!vI!!search,!
spread!

rank!nCU!

range!n!usu!sing!!
limit!(vision,!gun,!
etc)!
range!vI/range(from(
(to((
rank!vIT!

rank !!line!of!taxis,!
troops,!etc!
rape(

rank!nC!

rape!nCU!

rapid(

rarity!nC!

rare !!lightly!cooked!

rare!adj!
rarely!adv!
(

rapid!adj!
rapidly!adv!
(

rape!vIT!
rapist!nC!
rapids!n!pl!

long;/short;range!
adj!!see!also!@!long,(
short(
wide;ranging!adj!!
see!also!@!wide(
ranking!adj!
ranking!nCU!
outrank!vIT!
taxi(rank!nC!!see!also!
@!taxi(
date(rape!nCU!!asee!
2!
also!@!date
(

rare!adj!

rat(

rat!nC!!rodent!

rat!nC!informal!!sb!
disloyal,!deceiving!

rate(

rate!nC!!amount,!
speed,!etc!

rate!nC!!amount!of!
pay,!prices,!etc!

rate!vT!

rating!nCU!
exchange(rate!nC!!
see!also!@!exchange(

rather!adv!

smell(a(rat!!be!
suspicious;!see!also!
@!smell(
at(any(rate(
at(this(rate(
overrate!vT!
overrated!adj!
(

would(rather(((than( (

rather/(or(rather!adv!

range !!series,!
variety!

range !!limit,!extent!

rank !!order,!
hierarchy,!etc!

rare !!uncommon!

rather !!fairly,!quite!
rather !!opposite,!
!

460!

headword(

prefer,!etc!

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

ratify(

(
rather(than(adv!
(

ratio(

ratio!nC!

ration(

rational(

rational!adj!

rattle(

rattle!vT!
rattle!nC/rattling!nU!!
noise!

rattle!nC!!babys!toy!

raw(

raw!adj!!not!cooked,!
not!processed!

raw!adj!!not!covered!
with!skin!

raw!adj!!unfair!

ray(

ray!nC!!hope,!etc!

razor(

razor!nC!

ray!nC!!beam,!light,!
etc(
!

reach!vT!!arrive!
reach!vT!!attain!
(

reach!vIT!

reach!nU!

reach !!arrive!
2

reach !!stretch!and!
touch!

X(

ratify!vT!
ratification!nU!
(

ratified!adj!
unratified!neg!adj!
(

ration!nC!
ration!vT!
rationing!nU!
rationale!nC!
rationality!nU!
irrational!neg!adj!

rationalize!vT!
rationalization!nCU!
rationally!adv!
irrationally!neg!adv!
rattle(off!phr!v!
rattle(on((about(sth)!
phr!v!
rattlesnake!nC!!see!
also!@!snake!
rawness!nU!
raw(deal!nC!!see!also!
3(
@!deal
!
razorblade!nC!!see!
also!@!blade(
razor(wire!nU!!see!
also!@!wire(
electric(razor!nC!!see!
also!@!electric(
(
reach(in/out!phr!v!
reach(down/up!phr!v!
out(of(reach(far!off!

461!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

react(

reaction!nC!!physical,! (
emotional!reaction!

react!vI!!respond!
reaction!nC!!
response!

reactionary(

read(

read!vIT!!interpret!
writing!
reader!nC!

read!vIT/read(sth(
out!phr!v!!read!aloud!
reading!nU!!skill,!
action,!etc!

ready(

ready!adj!!prepared,!
available,!completed!
real!adj!!existing,!
opp.!imagined!
real!adj!!emphasis:!
principal,!important!
reality!nU!
(

real/realistic(

realize/realise !!
come!to!understand!
2
realize/realise !!
achieve,!convert!into!
reality!
1
really !!in!reality,!
definitely!
!

B2(

C1(

C2(

react!vI!!chemically!
change!
reaction!nC!!
chemical!
(

reactor!nC!

reactive!adj!

read!vT!!read!and!
apply,!interpret!
read!vT!!gauge,!
instrument,!etc!

reactionary!adj!
reactionary!nC(
read!vT!!study!a!subject!
at!university!
read!nC!
readership!nU!

readily!adv!

readiness!nU!

real!adj!!genuine,!
opp.!fake!

(
(

(
(

(
(
realistic!adj!!practical! (
realistic!adj!!lifeLlike!

realize!vIT/realise!vIT! (
Brit!
!
!

really!adv!!in!reality(

really!!!exclam!
really?!!exclam!

really!adv!!definitely(

realization!nU/(
realisation!!nU!Brit!
realize/!realise!vIT!
Brit!formal(
(

realism!nU!
realist!nC!
realistically!adv!
unrealistic!neg!adj!
!
!

X(

far;reaching!adj!!see!
also!@!far(
overreact!vI!
overreaction!nCU!

(
readable!adj!
reading!nC!!
interpretation!
reading!nC!!
measurement!
misread!vT!
news(reader!nC!esp!
Brit!!see!also!@!news!
ready!vT!
get(ready(
unreal!neg!adj!
real;life!adj!!see!also!
@!life(
for(real(
in(reality(
unrealistically(neg!
adv!
(
realization/(
realisation!!nU!Brit!
formal(
(

462!

headword(
2

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

really !!very!

really!adv!

realm(

realm!nC!!country,!
kingdom!

reap(

realm!nC!formal!!
area!of!knowledge,!
etc!
(

reap!vT!

rear!adj!

rear/the(rear!nC!usu!
sing!
rear!vT!

reaper!nC!
reaping!nU!
rearguard(n!
bring(up(the(rear(
(

reason!nCU!!cause,!
purpose!

reasonable!adj!!
logical!

reason!nU!!logic!

reasoning!nU!

unreasonable!neg!
adj(

rebellion!nC!

reassurance!nCU!
reassuring!adj!
rebellious!adj!
(

rebuilt!adj!
rebuilding!nU!
(

rear !!back!end!
rear !!raise!child,!
animal,!etc!
rearrange!!see!also!
@!arrange(
reason!cause,!logic!/(
1(
reasonable

reassure((!see!also!@!
assure(
rebel(

reason!vT!
reasonably!adv!!
logically!
reasonable!adj!!quite! reasonable!adj!!quite! reasonably!adv!!
good,!acceptable!
cheap!
quite!cheaply!
reasonable!adj!!fair,! reasonably!adv!!
sensible!
fairly!
(
(
reassure!vT!

rebuild!!see!also!@!
1!
build
recall!!remember!

rebel!nC!
rebel!vI!
(

recall!vIT!

rebuild!vT!!build!
again!
(

recede/recession(

recede!vI!

receipt!!see!also!@!
1(
receive

receipt!nC!!financial!
document!

receipt!nU!!act!of!
receiving!sth!

reasonable !!quite!
(
good,!acceptable,!etc!

recall!nU!

rearrange!vT!
rearrangement!nCU!
reasoned!adj!
by(reason(of(
within(reason(
reasonableness!nU!
unreasonably!neg!
adv!

recession!nCU!!
economic!
circumstance!
recessionary!adj!
recessive!adj!
(

463!

headword(

A1(

receive !!be!given!sth! receive!vT!

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

recipient!nC!

receiver!nC!!radio,!
TV,!telephone,!etc!
reception!nU!!
strength!of!signal!
(

C2(

X(

receiver!nC!

receipt!nU!!act!of!
receiving!sth(
receive!vT!

receive !!welcome!
visitor,!etc/(
2(
reception

receive!vT!

recent(

recent!adj!
recently!adv!
(

reception!nCU!!
event,!activity!
reception!nU!!desk!at!
hotel,!office,!etc!
receptionist!nC!
(
(

recess!nC!

recipe!nC!

reciprocal(

reciprocal!adj!

recite(

recite!vIT!

reckless(

reckless!adj!

reciprocate(vIT!
reciprocation!nU!
reciprocity!nU!
recital!nC!
recitation!nCU!
recklessly!adv!

reckon!!believe!

reckon!vI!informal!

reclaim(

reclaim!vT!

recognize/recognise !! recognize!vT/(
find!familiar!
recognise!vT!Brit!

recognition!nU!

recognizable!adj!

recognize!vT/!
recognise!vT!Brit!

recognition!nU!

reclaimed!adj!
reclamation!nU!
recognizably!adv!
unrecognizable!neg!
adj!
recognized!adj!
unrecognized!neg!
adj!

receive !!pick!up!
electronic!signal/(
1(
reception

recess!!holiday,!
break!from!work!
recipe(

recognize/recognise !! (
accept!legally,!etc!

464!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

recollect(

recommend(

recommend!vT!

reconcile(

recommendation!
nCU!
(

reconnaissance(

reconsider!!see!also!
1!
@!consider
reconstruction!!see!
also!@!construct/(
construction(
1
record !!sound,!
pictures,!etc(

record !!store!
information,!file!
3
record !!take!
measurement!
4
record !!biggest,!
fastest,!etc!
recount!!tell!a!story!
1

recover !!get!better!
!

C2(

X(

recollect!vT!
recollection!nCU!
(

reconcile!vIT!
reconciliation!nCU!

reconnaissance!nU!

reconsider!vIT!

reconciled!adj!
irreconcilable!neg!
adj!
reconnoitre!vIT!Brit/!
reconnoiter!vIT!Am!
reconsideration!nCU!

reconstruction!nU(

reconstruct!vT!

record!vT!
record!nC!!piece!of!
recorded!music,!etc(
!

recording!nC!
recording!nU!

recorded!adj!
recorder!nC!

cassette(recorder!nC!! (
see!also!@!cassette(
record(player!nC!!see!
2
also!@!play /player(
tape;recorder!nC!!
1!
see!also!@!tape
video(recorder!nC!!
see!also!@!video(
(
(

tape;recording!nC!!
1!
see!also!@!tape

for(the(record(
on/off(the(record(
(

recommended!adj!

record!vT!
record!nC!
(

record!nC!

record!vT!
recorder!nC!
(

recount!vT!formal!

beat/break/cut(the(
record(
(

recover!vIT!

recovery!nU!

465!

headword(
2

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

recover !!retrieve,!
find!
recreate!!see!also!@!
create(
recreation(

recover!vIT!

recovery!nU!

recreate!vT!

recruit(

recruiting!nU!

rectangle!!see!also!@! (
angle(
recur(
(

recruit!vT!
recruitment!nU!
(

recreation!nCU!
recreational!adj!
recruit!nC!
(

recur!vI!

recycle(

red(

red!nCU!
red!adj!

recycle!vIT!
recycling!nU!
(

rectangle!nC!
rectangular!adj!
recurrence!nCU!
recurrent!adj!
recurring!adj!
(
infrared!adj(

redden!vIT!
reddish!adj!
redness!nU!
red;haired!adj!!see!
also!@!hair(
redhead!nC!!see!also!
@!head(
red;hot!adj!!see!also!
1(
@!hot
red(light!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!light
red(tape!nU!!
bureaucracy;((see!
2(
also!@(tape
in(the(red(
see(red!!see!also!@!
see(
paint(the(town(red!
idiom!!see!also!@!

466!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

paint,(town(
irredeemable!neg!
adj!
irredeemably!neg!
adv!
redefinition!nCU!

redeem/redemption(

redeem!vT!
redemption!nU!

redefine!!see!also!@!
define(
redevelopment!!see!
2!
also!@!develop
redistribution!!see!
also!@!distribute(
reduce/reduction(

redefine!vT!

redevelop(vT!
redevelopment!nCU!
redistribution!nU!

reduce!vIT!

reduction!nCU!

reduced!adj!

redundant!!
unemployed!

make(sb(redundant(

reed(

redundant!adj!esp!
Brit!
redundancy!nCU!esp!
Brit!
reed!nC!

reedy!adj!

reef(

reef!nC!

re;election!!see!also!
@!elect/election(
refer(

refer(to(sb/sth!phr!v!!
make!mention!

reference!nC!!source!
of!information!
reference!nU!looking!
for!information!

referral!nC!

referee!!judge!in!
sports!

refer(to(sb/sth!phr!v!!
look!for!information,!
advice,!etc!
reference!nCU!!
mention!
(

re;elect!vT!
re;election!nCU!
(

coral(reef!nC!!see!
also!@!coral(
(

referendum(

referee!nC!
referee!vIT!
ref!nC/vIT!informal!
abbrev!esp!Brit!
(

refer(sb(to(sb/sth(
refer(to((as(!phr!v!
reference(book!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!book
with(reference(to(
(

referendum!nC!

refine(

refine!vT!

refined!adj!

unrefined!neg!adj!

redistribute!vT!

467!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

reflect!vIT!

reflection!nC!

refinement!nCU!
reflective!adj!

reflect!vT!

reflect !!consider!

reform(

reform!nCU!

reform!vIT!

reformer!nC!

reflect!vI!formal!
reflection!nCU!formal!
(

refresh!!see!also!@!
fresh(

refresh!vT!

refreshing!adj!
refreshment!nCU!

refrigerator/fridge(

fridge!nC!!

refrigerator!nC!

refuge/refugee(

refugee!nC!

refuge!nCU!

refrigerate!vT!
refrigeration!nU!
refrigerated!adj!
(

refund!!see!also!@!
fund(
1
refuse !!say!no!

refuse!vIT!

refund!nC!
refund!vT!
refusal!nCU!

seek(refuge(
refugee(camp!nC!!
see!also!@!camp(
refundable!adj!

refuse !!rubbish!

refuse!nU!formal!

regain!!see!also!@!
gain(
1
regard !!consider,!
think!of!
2
regard !!respect!

regain!vT!

regard!vI!

regard!nU!

regardless!neg!adv(

regard!nU!formal!

regards/with(
regards!!message!
ending!
with(regard/regards(

disregard!vT!
disregard!nU!
(

regard!nU!

reflect !!in!mirror,!
etc!
2
reflect !!indicate!
3

3!

regard !!attention/!
!

refinery!nC!
reflected!adj!
!
reflector nC!
reflection!nC!
reflective!adj!
on(reflection(
reformation!nC!usu!
sing!
reformed!adj!
unreformed!neg!adj!
refreshingly!adv(
refresh(ones(
memory!!see!also!@!
memory(
(

468!

headword(

with(regards(to/as(
regards(
regime!!government,!
etc!
regiment(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

to(
(

regime!nC!

regiment!nC!

regionally!adv!

register(

region!nC!
regional!adj!
(

regiment!vT!
regimental!adj!
regimented!adj!
(

registered!adj!

registrar!nC!
registry!nC!

unregistered!neg!adj!

regress(

register!nC!!official!
list!
register!vIT!!join!a!
list,!subscribe!
registration!nU!
(

regression!nCU!

regret(

regret!vT!
regret!nCU!

regular!adj!

regularly!adv!

regularity!nU!

regular!adj!

regress!vI!
regressive!adj!
regrettable!adj!
regrettably!adv!
regretful!adj!
regretfully!adv!
irregular!neg!adj!!
misshapen!
irregular!neg!adj!!in!
time,!space!
irregularly!neg!adv(
(

regular!adj!

irregularity!nC!

regular!adj!

irregular!neg!adj!

regulation!nCU!

regulate!vT!
regulator!nC!
regulatory(adj!

regulation!adj!

regulated!adj!
unregulated!neg!adj!
deregulate!vT!

region(

regular !!at!constant!
intervals!

regular !!repeatedly!
regular !!normal!
regular !!
grammatically!
regular!
regulation(

469!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C2(

X(

rehabilitation!nU!
rehabilitate!vT!
rehearsal!nC!

deregulation!nU!
rehab!nU!informal!

rehearse!vIT!

reign!vI!
reign!nC!
(

reigning!adj!

reinforce!vT!!confirm!

rein(in!phr!v!
give((free)(rein(to((
reinforced!adj!

reinforce!vT!!make!
stronger!
(

rein!nC!
rein!vT!
reinforcement!nCU!

reinvent!vT!

reject!vT!

rejection!nCU!

rejoice!vI!

reject!nC!
rejected!adj!
rejoicing!nU!

relate!vT!

relating(to(

relational!adj!
unrelated!neg!adj!

relate(to(sb/sth!!be!
about!sb/sth!
in(relation(to(

related!adj!!
connected,!
associated!
relation!nCU!
relationship!nC!
relate!vT!formal!

relation!nC!

relate!vI!usu!pass!
related!adj!

unrelated!neg!adj!

relations!n!pl!!social!
connections!
relationship!nC!!
friendship!
relationship!nC!!
romance!

relationship!nC!!
family!connection!
relative!nC!
(

relations!n!pl!!
between!countries,!
groups,!etc!
(

diplomatic(relations!
n!pl!!see!also!@!
diplomat/diplomatic(
industrial(relations!n!
pl!!see!also!@!
industry/industrial(
public(relations!n!pl!!
see!also!@!public(

rehabilitation(

rehearsal(

reign(

rein(

reinforce(

reinvent!!see!also!@!
invent(
reject(

rejoice!!see!also!@!
joy(
1
relate /relationship!!
connect/connection!

relate !!tell!a!story!
relate !!be!a!family!
member/relation/(
relative(
!
relations !

C1(

470!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

relative!adj!

race(relations!n!pl!!
2(
see!also!@!race
(

relative!adj!

relativity(

relatively!adv!!quite,!
fairly!
(

relativity!nU!

relax(

relaxation!nU!

relay(

relax!vIT!
relaxed!adj!
relaxing!adj!
(

in(relays(

release !!set!free!
from!prison,!etc!
2
release !!publish!

release!vT!

release!nCU!

relay!nC!
relay(race!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!race
(

released!adj!

relegate(

release!vT!
release!nCU!
(

relegate!vT!

relentless(

relentless!neg!adj!

relevant(

relevant!adj!

irrelevant!neg!adj!

relic(

relevance/relevancy!
nU!
(

press(release!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!press
relegation!nCU!
relegated!adj!
relent!vI!formal!
relentlessly!neg!adv!
irrelevance!nCU!

relic!nC!

relief!

relieve!vT!

relieved!adj!

religion(

religious!adj!

relief!nU!!reduction!
in!pain,!stress,!etc!
religion!nCU!

relocate!!see!also!@!
locate(
reluctant(

relocate!vIT(

relocation!nU!

religiously!adv!
irreligious!neg!adj!
!

reluctant!adj!

reluctance!nU!
reluctantly!adv!

relative !!
comparative!
2
relative !!reasonable!

471!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

rely(

rely!v/rely(on(sb/sth!! (
phr!v!

reliable!adj!

remain(

remaining!adj!

remainder!n!sing!
remains!n!pl!!sth!
remaining!

remark(

remain!vI!!stay!in!
place,!state,!etc!
remain!vI!!continue!
to!exist!
(

remarkable(

remark!vT!!comment!
remark!nC!
remarkable!adj!

remedy(

remember(

remember!vIT!

remind!!see!also!@!
1(
mind

C2(

X(

reliant!adj!

reliability!nU!
reliably!adv!
reliance!nU!
unreliable!neg!adj!
(

remarkably!adv!

remedy!nC!

remind!vT!
remind(sb(of(sb/sth(

remember(sb(to(sb!
greeting!
reminder!nC!

remedy!vT!formal!
remedial!adj!
(

unremarkable!neg!
adj!
(

reminiscent(

reminiscent!adj!

remnant(

remnant!nC!

reminisce!vI!
reminiscence!nCU!
(

remote(

remote!adj!

remotely!adv!

remove(

remove!vT!

removal!nU!

renaissance(

renaissance!n!sing!

remote(control!nC!!
see!also!@!control(
remote!nC!!remote!
control!
removable!adj!
removed!adj!
remover!nC!
renascent!adj!formal!

render(

render!vT!!provide!

renew(

renew!vT!
renewal!nCU!

renewable!adj!

remains!n!pl!!dead!
body!

remembrance!nCU!

472!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

renowned(

renewed!adj!
(

renowned!adj!

renown!nU!

rent(

rental!nCU!

rented!adj!

reopen!!see!also!@!
open(

rent!nCU!
rent!vT!
(

reopen!vT!

reopening!nCU!

reorganization!!see!
also!@!organize/(
organization(
repair(

reorganize!vIT!
reorganization!nCU!

repair!vT!

repair!nCU!

repay!!see!also!@!
pay(
repeat/repetition(

repeat!vT!

repeat!nC!
repeatedly!adv!

repercussion(

repay!vT!
repayment!nC!
repeated!adj!
repetition!nCU!
repetitive!adj!
(

repairable!adj!
irreparable!neg!adj!
irreparably!neg!adv!
repayable!adj!

repertoire(

replace!!see!also!@!
2(
place

replace!vT!!change,!
substitute,!provide!
replacement!
(

replacement!nCU!

reply!vI!
reply!nCU!
(
report!nC!
report!vIT!
(

reply(
1

report !!written!
document!
2
report !!TV,!
newspaper,!etc!
3
report ((story(

report!nC!!written!
document!
(
report!nC!!
unconfirmed!story!
report!vT!!state!
without!confirmation!

unrepeatable!neg!
adj!

repercussion!nC!

repertoire!nC!

irreplaceable!neg!adj!

reporter!nC!

reporting!nU!

unreported!neg!adj!

reportedly!adv!

reported!adj!

473!

headword(

represent !!act!for!sb!
else!

A1(

report!vIT!!tell!
officially!
represent!vT!!act!for!
sb!else!

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

represent!vT!!
politically!
representation!nU!
representative!nC!!
agent!
represent!vT!!
describe,!picture!
represent!vT!!be!
sign/symbol!of!sth!!

unrepresentative!
neg!adj!

representation!nC!
representational!adj!
misrepresent!vT!
misrepresentation!
nCU!
(

represent !!describe,!
picture,!etc!

representative!!
typical!
repress/repression(

representative!adj!

repress!vT!

reproduce !!copy;!!
see!also!@!produce(
2
reproduce !!produce!
babies!
reptile(

reproduce!vIT!

reproduction!nCU!

repression!nU!
repressive!adj!
(

reproduce!vIT!

reproduction!nU!
reproductive!adj!
(

reptile!nC!

reptilian!adj!

republic(

republic!nC!

reputation(

reputation!nCU!

republican!adj!
Republican!nC!Am!
(

request(

request!nCU!

request!vT!formal!

repute!nU!formal!
reputable!adj!
reputed!adj!
reputedly!adv!
by(reputation(
disrepute!nU!
disreputable!neg!adj!
on(request(

require(

require!vT!

requirement!nC!

require!vT!
required!adj!

474!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

rescue(

research(

research!nU!

researcher!nC!

resemble(

resent(
reservation!!doubt!

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

rescuer!nC!

rescue!vT!
rescue!nCU!
research!vIT!

resemble!vT!

resemblance!nCU!

reservation!nC!

resent!vT!
resentment!nU!
(

resentful!adj!
resented!adj!
(

reserve!vT!!keep!for!
sb/sth!

reserved!adj!

reserve!vT!!book!
reservation!nCU!!
booking!
reserve!nC!

reserve!adj!

reserve !!supply!

reserve!nC!

reservoir!nC!

reside(

resident!nC!

resident!adj!

hall(of(residence!nC!Brit!! (
2(
see!also!@!hall

residue(

reside!vI!
residence!nC!formal!
residential!adj!
(

resign!

resist(

resolution!nC!!
decision!

resistant!adj!
irresistible!neg!adj!
(

resolve/resolution(

resign!vIT!
resignation!nCU!
resist!vIT!
resistance!nU!
resolve!vT!!solve!

residue!nC!
residual!adj!
(

resonance/resound(

resonance!nCU!

resort!nC!

resolve!vI!formal!!
decide!
unresolved!neg!adj!
resonant!adj!
resonate!vI!
resound!vI!
resounding!adj!
resoundingly!adv!
(

resort!vT/resort(to!

reserve !!set!aside!
for!sb/sth!
reserve !!deputy!

resort !!holiday!town!
resort !!make!use!of!
!

475!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

resource!nC!!!

phr!v!
(

respect!nU!

respect!vT!!admire!
respect!vT!!follow!
laws,!rights,!etc!

respectable!adj!
!

respect !/in(respect(
of(
respective(

respectively!adv!

respiratory(

respective!adj(
irrespective!neg!adj!
(

respiratory!adj!

respond!!see!also!@!
correspond(

respond!vI!!answer!
response!nCU!!
answer!

respondent!nC!
in(response(to!prep!

response!nC!!reaction!
responsive!adj!

responsible!adj/be(
responsible(for(
responsibility!nCU!!
authority!
(

respirator!nC!
respiration!nU!
respire!vI!
respond!vI!!react!to!
medication,!etc!
unresponsive!neg!
adj!
be(responsible(to(sb(

responsibility!nU!

responsible!adj/be(
responsible(for(sth(
(

responsibility!nU!

rest!nCU!

rest!vIT!

responsible!adj!!
requiring!good!sense!
irresponsible!neg!adj!
restless!neg!adj!
unrest!nU!

responsibly!adv!
irresponsibly!neg!
adv!
restroom!nC!Am!!see!
1(
also!@!room

resource ((natural!
resources,!money,!
etc(
resource !!ingenuity!
respect !!admiration!

1!!

responsible have!
authority!for(

responsible !!be!to!
blame!for!
3
responsible !!
sensible!
1

rest !!relax!
!

resource!vT!
natural(resources!n!
pl!!see!also!@!
1
nature /natural(
resource!nU(
resourceful!adj!
resourcefulness!nU!
respectability!nU!
respectful!adj!
respected!adj!
respectfully!adv!
self;respect!nU!!see!also! disrespect!nU!
@!self(
disrespect!vT!esp!Am!
disrespectful!neg!adj!
in(respect(of(
with(respect(to(

476!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

rest!vIT!

rest !!remainder!

rest!n!sing/the(rest(

restaurant(

restaurant!nC!

restaurateur!nC!

restore(

restore!vT!!return!

restore!vT!!repair!

restrain(

restore!vT!!bring!
back!
restoration!nCU!
(

restrict(

restructure!!see!also!
1!
@!structure
result(

restrict!vT!!limit!
restriction!nCU!
(

restrain!vT!
restraint!nCU!
restricted!adj!!
limited!
(

restructure!vT!
restructuring!nU!
resultant!adj!

restrained!adj!
unrestrained!neg!adj!
restrictive!adj!
unrestricted!neg!adj!
(

resumption!nU!

resume/rsum!nC!
Am!!!see!also!@!
curriculum(vitae(
retailer!nC!

retail!nU!

retention!nU!

retentive!adj!

rest !!lean!against!

resume1/resumption
(
begin!again!
2
resume /rsum!!
(
summary,!curriculum!
vitae/CV!
retail(
(

result!nC!!scientific!
result!nC!!exam!
result!nC!!sport,!
competition!
resulting!adj!
resume!vIT!formal!

retain/retention(

retain!vT!

retail!adj!
retail!vT!
(

retell!!see!also!@!tell(

rethink!!see!also!@!
think(
retina(

retina!nC!

retell!vT!
retelling!nC!
rethink!vI!
rethink!nC!
retinal!adj!

retire!!end!ones!

retire!vI!

retired!adj!

retiree!nC!Am!

result!nCU!!
(
consequence!
result!vI/result(in!phr!
v!

restricted!adj!!secret!

as(a(result(

477!

headword(

A1(

A2(

career!

B1(

B2(

C1(

retort!

retirement(nCU!!
leaving!ones!job!
retirement!nU!!
period!after!finishing!
work!
(

retreat(

retrieve(

retreat!vI!
retreat!nCU!
retrieve!vT!

retrospective(

return(

return!vI!!go!back!

return(ticket!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!ticket(
return!nC!Brit!!return!
ticket!

reunion!!see!also!@!
union(
reveal/revelation(

return!vT!!do!sth!in!
exchange!
return!vT!!take/give!
sth!back!
return!nC!usu!sing!
(

reveal!vT!!make!
information/secret!
known!
reveal!vT!!show!
(

retrieval!nCU!

(
in(retrospect(

retrospective!adj!
retrospect!nU!
(

reunion!nC!

return(to(sth!phr!v!
in(return!!in!
exchange!
many(happy(returns!!
exclam!
reunited!adj!

revelation!nCU!

revealing!adj!

revenue!nCU!

revenge!nU!
revenge!vT!
(

reverse(

reverse!vIT!!go!
backwards!

reverse!adj!
reversal!nC!
reverse!nU!!reverse!
gear!in!vehicle!
revert!vT!

reversible!adj!
irreversible!neg!adj!
in(reverse(

revert(

reverse!vT!!change!
decision,!etc!
the(reverse!n!sing!!
the!opposite!
(

review!vT!

review !!examine,!
!

X(

retort!vT!
retort!nC!
(

revenge!!see!also!@!
vengeance!
revenue(

C2(

reversion!nU!

478!

headword(

scrutinise!
2
review !!book,!film,!
etc!
1
revise !!change!

A1(

A2(

review!nCU!
(

revise !!study!again!

revisit!!see!also!@!
visit(
revive(

revolt(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

review!vT!
review!nC!
(

reviewer!nC!

revise!vIT!esp!Brit!
revision!nU!esp!Brit!
(

revise!vT!
revised!adj!
revision!nCU!
(

revisit!vT!

revive!vIT!
revival!nCU!
(

revolution!nC!!
violent!political!
change!

revolution!nC!!great!
change!
revolutionary!adj!

revolt!vI!
revolt!nC!
(

revolution /revolve!!
turn!
reward(

revolve!vI!

reward!nC!!money!

rewrite!!see!also!@!
write(
rhetoric(

revolution!nC!!turn!
of!wheel!
reward!nCU!!benefit!
reward!vT!
(

revolutionize!vT!
revolutionary!nC!
counter;revolution!
nCU!
counter;
revolutionary!adj/nC!
revolve(around!phr!v!
revolving!adj!
rewarding!adj!

rewrite!vT(

rhetoric!nU!

rhetorical!adj!

rhetorically!adv!

rhyme(

nursery(rhyme!nC!!
see!also!@!nursery(

rhythm(

rhythm!nC!

rhyme!vIT!
rhyme!nC!!individual!
example,!instance!
rhyme!nC!!childs!
poem!
(

rhythmic!adj!

rhythmically!adv!

revolution !!change!

479!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

rib(

rib!nC!

ribbon(

ribbon!nC!

rice(

rice!nU!

rich(

rich!adj!!wealthy!

rich!adj!!colour,!
taste,!sound,!etc!

rich!adj!!having!a!lot!
of!sth!
the(rich!nU!
(

rid(

ride(

ride!vIT!!horse,!
bicycle,!etc!
ride!nC!!horse,!
bicycle,!etc!

(
ridge(

rid!adj!
(
be(rid(of(sb/sth(
get(rid(of(sb/sth(
ride!vIT!!car,!train,!
rider!nC!
etc!
ride!nC!!car,!train,!etc!

richly!adv!
riches!n!pl!
richness!nU!
enrich!vT!
enriched!adj!
enrichment!nU!
(

override!vIT!

ridge!nC!

ridicule/ridiculous(

ridiculous!adj!

rifle(

rifle!nC!

ridicule!nU!
ridicule!vT!
ridiculously!adv!
(

rig!!structure!

rig!nC!

right!adj!!correct!

right!adj!!suitable!
right!nU!

right!adj!!just,!
justifiable!

rightly!adv!

right !!correct,!etc;!
opp.!wrong(
!

X(

ribcage!nC!!see!also!
@!cage(
spare(ribs!n!pl!!see!
also!@!spare(
(
rice(pudding!nCU!!
see!also!@!pudding(
(

good(riddance!!
exclam!
riding!nU!
ride(out!phr!v!!
survive!
ride(over!phr!v!
ride(roughshod(over(
override!nC!
overriding!adj(
ridged!adj!
(

rifleman!nC!!see!also!
3(
@!man
(
right!vT!
righteous!adj!

480!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

all(right/alright(!adj/!
adv/exclam(

right!!!exclam!!
correct,!I!agree,!etc!
right?!!question!tag!

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

righteously!adv!
righteousness!nU!
rightful!adj!
rightfully!adv!
by(rights(
in(the(right(
right;hand(man!nC!
usu!sing!!see!also!@!
3(
man
right;winger!nC!!see!
3!
also!@!wing

right!adj!
right!nC!

right;hand((side)(

right;handed!adj!!
1(
see!also!@!hand

right !!immediately,!
exactly,!completely,!!
etc!
5
right /rights!!
entitlement!

right!adj!

right(away(
right(now(

the(right!nU!
right;wing!adj!!see!
3!
also!@!wing
(

right!nC!

rigid(

rigid!adj!

rigorous(

rigorous!adj!

rim(

rim!nC!

in(ones(own(right(
civil(rights!n!pl!!see!
2(
also!@!civil
human(rights!n!pl!!
see!also!@!human(
rigidity!nCU!
rigidly!adv!
rigour!nCU!Brit/(rigor!
nCU!Am!
rigorously!adv!
(

ring!nC!!circle!
ring!nC!!jewellery!

earring!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!ear

ring!nC!!boxing,!etc!

right !!opp.!left!

right !!conservative!
in!politics!

ring !!circle!

ring!vT!
boxing(ring!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!box
keyring!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!key
engagement(ring!nC!!
see!also!@!

481!

headword(

A1(

A2(

X(
(

ringing!nU!

rinse!vIT!

riot!nC!
riot!vIT!

rip!vIT!!tear!

ripe!adj!
ripen!vIT!

rise!vI!!move!
upwards!
rise!nC!!increase!

rise!vI!!stand!up;!get!
out!of!bed!
rise!vI!!increase!

pay(rise!nC!esp!Brit!
see!also!@!pay,(raise(
sunrise!nCU!!see!also!

rising!adj!

rinse!nC!
rinsed(adj!
rioter!nC!
rioting!nU!
riotous!adj!
riotously!adv!
riot(police!n!pl!!see!
also!@!police(
run(riot(
rip!nC!
ripped!adj!
rip(apart!phr!v!
rip(off!phr!v!!cheat,!
overcharge!
rip;off!nC!informal!
rip(through!phr!v!
rip(up!phr!v!
ripcord!nC!!see!also!
@!cord(
ripely!adv!
ripeness!nU!
unripe!neg!adj!
rise(above!phr!v!
rise(to!phr!v!

ring !!make!sound!
with!bell!
rinse(

(
(

ring!vIT!
ring!nC!
(

riot(

rip(

ripe(

C2(

ring!vIT!esp!Brit!

C1(

ring!n!sing!esp!Brit!
give(sb(a(ring(
ring(sb(back!phr!v!
esp!Brit!
ring(off!phr!v!esp!Brit!
ring(up!phr!v!esp!Brit!
(

rise !!move!up,!move!
higher!

B2(

engagement
(

ring !!make!phone!
call!

B1(

482!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

rise !!rebel!

@!sun(
(

rise!vI!

uprising!nC(

rise(up!phr!v(

risk(

risk!nCU!

risk!vIT!

risky!adj!

rite/ritual(

rite!nC!

rival(

rival!nC!

ritual!nCU!
ritual!adj!
(

at(risk(
at(the(risk(of((
ritually!adv!

rivalry!nCU!

unrivalled!neg!adj!

river(

river!nC!

road!nC!

railroad!nC!esp!Am!!
1(
see!also!@!rail

riverbed!nC!!see!also!@!
2(
bed
roadside!nC/adj!
1!
see!also!@!side

road(

riverbank!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!bank
crossroads!n!pl!!see!
1
also!@!cross (

rival!vT!
rival!adj!
river!nC!!fig,!e.g.!river!
of!blood!
(

roam(

roam!vI!

roar(

roar!vI!
roar!nC!

roast(

roast!vIT!
roast!adj!

rob(

rob!vT!!steal!

robe(

robber!nC!
robbery!nCU!
(

robot(

rob!vT!!deprive!
unfairly!
robe!nC!
wardrobe!nC!
robot!nC!

roast!nC!
roasted!adj!
roasting!adj!
(

robust(

rock!nCU!

rock !!large!stone!

road(rage!nU!!see!
also!@!rage(
on(the(road(to(
roaming!adj!
roaring!nU!
roaring!adj!
uproar!nC!usu!sing!
roast(potato!nC!!see!
also!@!potato(
(

robe!vT!

robotic!adj!

robust!adj!

robustly!adv!

rocky!adj!

bedrock!nU!!see!also!
2(
@!bed
rockery!nC!Brit!
rock(bottom!nU/adj!
informal!!see!also!@!
1(
bottom

483!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

rock!vIT!
(

rock !!music!

rocket(

rock!nU!
rock(music!nU!!see!
also!@!music!
(

rocket!nC!

rod(

role(

role!nC!!function!

role!nC!!actors!part!
in!play,!film,!etc!!
(

rod!nC!
fishing(rod!nC!!see!
also!@!fish/fishing(
(

roll!nC!!tube!

roll!vT!!make!sth!
circular!

roller!nC!

rock !!sway!

roll !!turn!

roll!vIT!!turn!over,!
revolve!

X(

rock(climbing!nU!!
see!also!@!climb(
rocker!nC!esp!Am!
rocking!adj!
rocking(chair!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!chair
rocking(horse!nC!!see!
also!@!horse(
rock(n(roll!nU!
rock(band!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!band
rocket!vI!
rocketry!nU!
skyrocket!vI!!see!also!
@!sky(
its(not(rocket(
science(
(

role(model!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!model
rolled!adj!
rolling!adj!
rolling(pin!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!pin
roll(in!phr!v!
roll(out!phr!v!
roll(up!phr!v!!arrive!
rollerblade!nC!
rollerblading!nU!!see!
also!@!blade(
roller(coaster!nC!
roller(skate!nC!

484!

headword(

A1(

A2(

roll !!bread!roll!

romance(

roof(

room !!chamber(

B1(

B2(

C1(

roll!nC!
bread(roll!nC!!see!
also!@!bread(
romantic!adj!

romance!nCU!!

roof!nC!

room!nC!

classroom!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!class

bathroom!nC!!see!
also!@!bath(
bedroom!nC!!see!
1
also!@!bed !
double(room!nC!!see!
also!@!double(
living(room!nC!!see!
1
also!@!live /living(
single(room!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!single

cloakroom!nC!!see!
(
also!@!cloak(
dining(room!nC!!see!
also!@!dine/dining(
sitting(room!nC!!see!
also!@!sit/sitting(
waiting(room!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!wait

C2(

X(

roller(skating!nU!!see!
also!@!skate(
(
sausage(roll!nU!!see!
also!@!sausage(
(
(
romance!nC!!
romantic!book!
romantically!adv!
unromantic!neg!adj!
(
roof!vT!
roofing!nU!
roofless!neg!adj!
roof(rack!nC!!see!also!
@!rack(
rooftop!nC!usu!pl!!
see!also!@!top(
(
roommate!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!mate
ballroom!nC!!see!also!@! boardroom!nC!!see!
2!
3!
ball
also!@!board
ballroom(dancing!nU!!
changing(room!nC!!
2
3!
see!also!@!ball ,(
see!also!@!change
dance/dancing(
chat(room!nC!!see!
drawing(room!nC!
also!@!chat(
control(room!nC!!see!
also!@!control(
courtroom!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!court
emergency(room!nC!
usu!sing!esp!Am!!see!
!
also!@!emergency
lecture(room!nC!!see!
also!@!lecture(
restroom!nC!Am!!see!

485!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

room !!space!

room!nU!

root!nC!!of!plant,!etc!

root !!search!

rope(

rope!nC!

root!vI!
root(about/around/(
among/through!phr!
v!
(

rose(

rose!nC!!flower!

root !!of!plant,!etc!

X(

also!@!rest (
sickroom!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!sick
storeroom!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!store
strongroom!nC!!see!
also!@!strong(
washroom!nC!esp!
Am!!see!also!@!wash(
roomy(adj!
headroom!nU!!see!
1(
also!@!head
legroom!nU!!see!also!
1(
@!leg
root!nC!!source!
roots!n!pl!!origins!
root!adj!
root!vI!
rooted!adj!
rootless!neg!adj!
root(beer!nCU!Am!!
see!also!@!beer(
take(root(
uproot!vIT!
root(out!phr!v!

rope!vT!
rope(in!phr!v!
rope(ladder!nC!!see!
also!@!ladder(
rosy!adj!!colourful!

486!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

rot(

rotate(

rough(adj!!not!
smooth!
rough!adj!!violent!
(

round!adv,!prep!!
around,!in!all!!
directions,!
everywhere!
(

round !!part!of!a!
series!in!sport,!etc!
roundabout!!traffic!
circle!
route(

C1(

C2(

X(

rot!vIT!
rot(away!phr!v!
rot!nU!
rotten!adj!!decayed!
rotate(vIT!
rotation!nCU!

rot!nU/exclam!!
nonsense!

rotten!adj!!very!bad!
rotting!adj!

rough!adj!
roughly!adv!
round!adv,!prep!!
surrounding!

rotating!adj!
rotary!adj!
rotor!nC!
roughen!vIT!
roughness!nU!
rough(up!phr!v!
(

round!adj!

round!vT!

round!nC!

round(the(clock!adj!!
see!also!@!clock(
roundabout!adj!!
indirect!
rounded!adj!
round(!nC!!delivery!
service!
roundness!nU!
roundtable!adj!!see!
1!
also!@!table
round(off!phr!v!
round(up!phr!v!
(

roundabout!nC!Brit!

route!nC!

en(route(

route!vT!

routine(

routinely!adv!

row!nC!

routine!nCU!!regular!
pattern!
routine!adj!
(

routine!nC!!regular!
series!of!movements,!
actions,!etc!
in(a(row(

rough !!not!smooth,!
etc!
rough ((approximate!
round !!around;!!see!
also!@!around(

round !!circular!

row !!line!
!

487!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

row !!propel!boat!
with!oars!

royal(

royal!adj!

rub(

rubber(

rubbish(

rubble(

rude(

rug(

row !!argument!

C1(

C2(

X(

row!vIT!

row!nC!esp!Brit!
row!vI!informal!esp!
Brit!
(

royalty!nU!

rub!vIT!
rub(out!phr!v!!erase!
rubber!nU!!material!
rubber!adj!
rubber!nC!Brit!!!
eraser(
rubbish!nU!esp!Brit!!
waste,!garbage!

row!nC!
rowing!nU!
rowing(boat!nC!Brit/!
row(boat!nC!Am!!see!
also!@!boat(
royal(family!nC!!see!
also!@(family(
rub(it(in!!phr!v!
emphasise!
rubbery!adj!
rubber(band!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!band

rubble!nU!

rude!adj!!not!polite!
rude!adj!!obscene!

rug!nC!

rubbish!nU!informal!!
sth!bad,!poor!quality!
rubbish!nU/exclam!
informal!!nonsense!
rubbish!vT!Brit!!say!
that!sth!is!poor,!
useless!
rubbish(adj!Brit!
informal!!useless,!
unskilled!
(
rudely!adv!
rudeness!nU!
rude(awakening!nC!
see!also!@!awake,(
wake(
(

488!

headword(

A1(

A2(

rugby(

rugged(

ruin(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

rugger!nU!informal!
esp!Brit!

rugby!nU!
rugby(football!nU!!
see!also!@!football(
(

rugged!adj!

ruin!vT!!destroy!

ruin!nCU!

rule!nC!

rule!vIT!!make!a!
ruling,!legal!decision!

ruling!nC!!legal!
decision!

ruling!adj!

rule !!draw!line!

rule!nU!
rule!vIT!
ruler!nC!
(

ruggedly!adv!
ruggedness!nU!
ruin!vT!!spoil!
ruin!vT!!cause!
financial!collapse!
ruins!n!pl!!remains!of!
destroyed!building!
ruined!adj!
ruinous!adj!
in(ruins(
rule(sb/sth(out!phr!v!
rulebook!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!book
rule(of(thumb!nC!!
see!also!@!thumb(
as(a(rule!!usually!
overrule!vT!
(

ruler!nC!

rummage(

rummage!vI!
rummage!nU!

rumour/rumor(

rumour!nCU!Brit/(
rumor!nCU!Am!

run!vIT!!move!

run!vIT!!move,!

run!vT!!drive!sb!

running!nU!!action!

rule !!law,!regulation!

rule !!reign,!govern!

run !!move!quickly,!
!

rule!vT!
ruled!adj!
rummage(sale!nC!Am!!
=!jumble(sale!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!sale(
rumour!v!Brit!!usu!
pass/!rumor!v!Am!
usu!pass!
rumoured!adj!Brit/(
rumored!adj!Am!
in(the(long/short(run(

489!

headword(

etc!

run !!manage,!
operate,!etc!

A1(

A2(

quickly,!hurry!
run!nC!!a!jog,!etc!

run!vT!!manage,!be!
in!charge!of!

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

position!round!
run!vIT!!flow!
run!nC!!journey!
run(out!phr!v!!finish!
!

somewhere!
runner!nC!!athlete!

running!nU!!action!

run!vIT!!function,!
operate!

X(

runner!nC!!sb!who!
stands!for!election!
runny!adj!!fluid!
run(across/into/up(
against!phr!v!!meet!
by!chance!
run(away/off((with)!
phr!v!!flee,!abscond!
run(down/over!phr!v!!
knock!down!with!a!
vehicle!
run;down!adj!!tired!
run(vI/run(for!phr!v!!
stand!for!election!
run(off!phr!v!!print/!
photocopy!sth!
run(over!phr!v!!read!
quickly!
run(over!phr!v!!
overflow!
overrun!vT!!spread,!
invade!
run(through!phr!v!!
check,!rehearse!
run(to!phr!v!!afford,!
total!
run(up!phr!v!!spend!
run;up!nC!!period!
before!an!event!
on(the(run!!from!the!
police,!etc!
!

490!

headword(
3

A1(

A2(

run !!series!

runway!!see!also!@!
3(
way
rupture(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

run!nC!

running!adj!!in!
succession!
(

runway!nC!!see!also!
3(
@!way
(

((((((((((bankrupt(

((((((((((disrupt(

((((((((((erupt(

disrupt!vT!
disruption!nCU!
erupt!vI!

bankrupt!adj!
bankrupt!vT!
bankruptcy!nCU!
disruptive!adj!

rupture!nCU!
rupture!vIT!
ruptured!adj!
(

((((((((((interrupt(

rural(

rural!adj!

interrupt!vIT!!when!
sb!is!speaking(
interruption!nCU(
(

interrupt!vIT!!stop!
doing!sth!
temporarily!
(

rush(

rush!vIT!!hurry!

rust(

rush!nU!!hurry!
rush!adj!
rush(hour!nC!!see!
also!@!hour(
(

ruthless(

Ss(

sack !!dismiss,!fire!
sack !!large!bag!

eruption(nCU!

uninterrupted!neg!
adj!

rushing!adj!
rush(out!phr!v!!leave!
hurriedly!

rust(nU!

rust!vIT!
rusty!adj!
(

rusted!adj!
rustless!neg!adj!
ruthlessly!adv!
ruthlessness!nU!
(

sack!vT!
sack!n!sing!
sack!nC!

ruthless!adj!

get/be(given(the(
sack(
sackful!nC!
haversack!nC!
knapsack!nC!
rucksack!nC!

491!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

sacred(

sacred!adj!

sacredness!nU!

sacrifice(

sacrificial!adj!
self;sacrifice!nU!!see!
also!@!self/self;!

sad!adj!

sacrifice!nCU!!giving!
sth!up!
sacrifice!vT!!give!sth!
up!
sadly!adv!!unhappily!

sad(

sacrifice!nCU!!
religious!offering!
sacrifice!vT!!make!a!
religious!offering!
(

sadness!nU!

saddle(

saddle!nC!

safe!adj!!not!
dangerous!
safety!nU!

safe!adj!!out!of!
danger;!not!harmed!

safety(belt!nC!!see!
also!@!belt(

safely!adv!

safeguard!vT!!!
safeguard!nC!!see!also!
@!guard(

safe !!strongbox!

safe!nC!

sadden!vT!
sadly!adv!!
unfortunately!
saddle!vT!
in(the(saddle(
saddle(sb(with(sth(
be(saddled(with(sb/(
sth(
unsafe!neg!adj!
safety(catch!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!catch
play(safe/play(it(safe!!
1!
see!also!@!play
safe(and(sound!!see!
3(
also!@!sound
be(on(the(safe(side!!
2(
see!also!@!side
(

saga(

saga!nC!

sage(

sage!nU!

sail/sailor(

sailor!nC!

sailing!nU!!sport!
sailing!nC!!departure!of!
a!ship!

saint(

sail!nC!
(
sail!vIT!!travel!by!ship!
sail!vIT!!control!a!
sailing!boat!
(
saint!nC!!holy!person!

sagely(adv!
sagacious!adj!formal!
sagacity!nU!formal!
sailing(boat!nC!Brit/!
sail(boat!nC!Am!!see!
also!@!boat(
set(sail(
saintly!adj!
sainthood!nU!

safe !!opp.!
dangerous!

492!

headword(

A1(

A2(

sake(

salad(

salary(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

saint!nC!informal!!
good!person!
for(Gods/(Christs/(
goodness/heavens/(
pitys(sake!exclam!
side(salad!nC!!see!
4(
also!@!side
salaried!adj!

salad!nCU!

sake!nC!
for(the(sake(of/for(
sbs(sake(
(

salary!nC!

sale!!see!also!@!sell(

sale!nC!!act!or!
instance!of!selling!

sale!nC!!selling!things! (
at!reduced!prices!
for/on(sale(

wholesale!adj!

jumble(sale!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!jumble(
rummage(sale!nC!Am!!
see!also!@!rummage(

salmon(

salon(

salesman!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!man
saleswoman!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!woman
salesperson!nC!!see!
also!@!person(
salmon!nC!!fish!
salmon!nU!!meat!of!
a!salmon!
salon!nC!

saloon(

saloon!nC!

salt(

salt!nU!

salty!adj!

salt!vT!

salvation(

salvation!nU!

saltiness!nU!
salted!adj!
unsalted!neg!adj!
take(sth(with(a(
pinch/grain(of(salt(
(

same(

same!adj!
same/the(same!det/!
pron!
same!adv/the(same(
as(

sample(

sample!nC!!same!

sample!nC!!medical!

sample!vT!

sameness!nU!
all(the(same(
all(in(the(same(boat!!
see!also!@!boat(
same(here!informal!
the(same(old((
(

493!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

sanction !!official!
restrictions!

amount,!example!
(

specimen!
(

sanction !!approve!

sanction!nC!!official!
restriction!or!
punishment!
(

sanctuary(

sand(

sand!nU!

sandal(

sandwich(

C1(

C2(

X(

sampling!nU!
(

sanction!vT!

sanctuary!nCU!

sanctioned!adj!
unsanctioned!neg!
adj!
sanctity!nU!

sand!vT!
sandstone!nU!!see!also!
@!(
sandal!nC!

sandpaper!nU!!see!
also!@!paper(

sandy!adj!
sandbank!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!bank
(

sandwich!nC!

sane/sanity(

sandwich(bar!nC!!see! sandwich(!vT!
1(
also!@!bar
(
(

insanely!neg!adv!

satellite(

satellite!nC!

sane!adj!
sanity!nU!
insane!neg!adj!
insanity!nU!
(

satisfy/satisfaction(

satisfy!vT!

satisfaction!nU!
satisfactory!adj!
satisfied!adj!

sauce(

saucepan!nC!!see!
also!@!pan(

saucer(

sauce!nCU!
tomato(sauce!nU!!
see!also!@!tomato(
saucer!nC!

satisfactorily!adv!
satisfying!adj!
dissatisfy!vT!
dissatisfied!neg!adj!
dissatisfaction!nU!
unsatisfactory!neg!adj!
(

cup(and(saucer!!see!
also!@!cup(
flying(saucer!nC!!see!
1
also!@!fly /flying(

494!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

sausage(

sausage!nC!

savage(

savage!adj!

save!vT!

save!vT!!not!spend!
time,!money,!etc!
savings!n!pl!

save !!except!

save!vT!!collect;!keep! (
for!the!future!
(
(
(

sausage(meat!nU!!
see!also!@!meat(
sausage(roll!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!roll
savage!nC!
savage!vT!
savagely!adv!
savagery!nU!
saviour!nC!Brit/!
savior!nC!Am!
lifesaver!nC!!see!also!
@!life(
savings(account!!nC!
Am!=!deposit(
account!nC!Brit!;!!see!
1(
also!@!account
(

save!prep!

savour/savor(

saw!!cutting!tool!

saw!nC!
saw!vT!

savour!!vT!Brit/savor!vT!
Am!
savoury!adj!Brit/!savory!
adj!Am!
(

save !!help;!protect;!
save!life!

save !!not!spend!
money,!time,!etc!

save !!collect!

chainsaw!nC!!see!
also!@!chain(
circular(saw!nC!!see!
also!@!circle/(
circular(
electric(saw!nC!!see!
also!@!electric(
hacksaw!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!hack

495!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

say!vIT!!give!
information!verbally!

say!vT!!translate;!say!
in!another!language!

say!vIT!!give!opinion,!
suggestion,!etc!

saying!nC!

say!n!sing!

scale!n!sing!

scale!nCU!!ratio!

large;scale!adj!
small;scale!adj!

scale !!climb!

scale(!nC!!set!of!
numbers,!etc!for!
measuring!
scales!n!pl!Brit/scale!
nC!Am!!weighing!
device!
(

jigsaw!nC!
sawdust!nU!!see!also!
@!dust(
sawmill!nC!!see!also!
@!mill(
say!!!exclam!
have(ones(say(
said(to(be(
go(without(saying(
to(say(nothing(of(
to(say(the(least(
hearsay!nU!!see!also!
@!hear(
full;scale!adj!!see!
also!@!full(
scale(up/down!phr!v!
on(a(small/large(
scale(
(

scale!vT!

scan(

scan!vT!

scandal(

scandal!nCU!

scan!nC!
scanner!nC!
(

scar(

scarce(

scar!nC!
scar!vT!
(

say!

scale !!size!

scale !!measurement!

scandalous!adj!
scandalously!adv!
scandalize!vT!
scarred!adj!

scarce!adj!

make(oneself(scarce(

496!

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B2(

C1(

C2(

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scarcely!adv!!almost!
no/none!
(

scarcity!nCU!
(

scarcely(.(.(.(when(

scary!adj!informal!

scarf!nC!

scatter!vT!

scattered!adj!

scenario!nC!

scattering!nC!usu!
sing!
scatterbrain!nC!
scatterbrained!adj!!
see!also!@!brain(
(

scene!nC!!view,!
landscape,!etc!

scene!nC!!in!play,!
film,!etc!

scene!!nC!!place!
where!sth!happened!

scenery!nU!!landscape!
scenery!nU!!in!theatre,!
etc!
scenic!adj!

scent(

sceptic/skeptic(

scent!nC!!smell!of!sth!
scent!nCU!esp!Brit!!
perfume!
scent!vT!
sceptical!adj!Brit/(
skeptical!adj!Am!

schedule(

scheme(

scholar!!see!also!@!
school(

scheme!nC!!official!
plan,!system!
(

schedule!nC!!!plan,!
timetable!
schedule!vT!
(
scholar!nC!
scholarship!nC!!

scholarship!nU!!
academic!learning!

scheme!nC!!plot,!
dishonest!plan!
(

scarcely(

scare(

scarf(

scare!vIT!
scare!nC!
scared!adj!
(

scatter(

scenario(

scene(

sceptic!nC!Brit/(skeptic!
nC!Am!
scepticism!nU!Brit/!
skepticism!nU!Am!
scheduled!adj!

scheme(!vI!
scholarly!adj!

scenically!adv!
behind(the(scenes!!
1!
see!also!@!behind
crime(scene!nC!!see!
also!@!crime(
throw(off(the(scent!!
see!also!@!throw(

sceptically!adv!Brit/!
skeptically!adv!Am!

unscheduled!neg!adj!
ahead(of/behind(
schedule(
schematic!adj!
schematically!adv!
scholastic!adj!

497!

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school(

A1(

A2(

school!nC!

high(school!nC!esp!
Am!

science(

science!nCU!

scientific!adj!
scientist!nC!

scissors(

scooter(

scope(

score(

scorn(

scout(
!

B1(

money!for!education!
school(boy/girl!nC!!
see!also!@!boy,(girl(
schoolchild!nC!usu!pl!!
see!also!@!child/(
children(
primary(school!nC!
esp!Brit!
public(school!nC!Brit!
=!private!school!
public(school!nC!esp!
Am!=!government!
school!
secondary(school!nC!
esp!Brit!!see!also!@!
2
second /secondary!
(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

school(holiday!nC!!
see!also!@!holiday(
school(uniform!nC!!
1!
see!also!@!uniform

nursery(school!nC(
schoolyard!nC!Am!!
2!
see!also!@!yard

boarding(school!nC!!
4(
see!also!@!board
grammar(school!nC!
state(school!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!state

science(fiction!nU!!
see!also!@!fiction(

scientifically!adv!

scissors!n!pl!

unscientific!neg!adj!
unscientifically!neg!
adv!
(

scooter!nC!!small!
motor!bike!
scope!nU!

motor(scooter!nC!!
see!also!@!motor(
(

scooter!nC!!childs!
toy!
(

score!vIT!
score!nC!

scorer!nC!
scoring!nU!

scorn!nU!
scorn!vT!
scornful!adj!
scout!nC!!military!

scope(out!phr!v!esp!
Am!
scoping!adj!
scoreboard!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!board
score(points/score(a(
point(
scornfully!adv!

scout(about/around!

498!

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B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

scramble(

scramble!vI!

scout!nC!!youth!
organisation!
scout!vT!
(

scrap!!small!piece!

scrap!nC!

scrape(

scrape!vT!!remove!
surface!of!sth!
scrape!vT!!injure!by!
removing!skin!

skyscraper!nC!!see!also!
@!sky(

scratch!vIT!

scramble!nC!
scrambled!adj!
scrambled(egg!nCU!!
see!also!@!egg(
scrapbook!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!book
scrape!nC!
scraper!nC!
scrape(by/through!
phr!v!
scrape(together/up!
phr!v!
scrape(the(bottom(
of(the(barrel!!see!
also!@!barrel(
get(into(a(scrape(
scratching!nU!

scratch !!small!cut!

scratched!adj!

scream(

scream!vI!

scratch!nC!
scratch!vIT!
scream!nC!

screen!nC!

screen!vT!!!
screening!nCU!

windscreen!nC!Brit!!see!
1
also!@!wind ,(shield(

screen !!check,!test!

screw(

screw!nC!
screw!vT!

screen!vT!
screening!nU!
(

screamer!nC!
screaming!nU!
screenplay!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!play
windscreen(wiper!nC!
Brit!!see!also!@!wipe(
sunscreen!nCU!!see!
also!@!sun(
unscrew!vT!
screwdriver!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!drive

scratch !!rub!an!itch!

screen !!TV,!!cinema,!
computer,!etc!

phr!v!

499!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

script(

script!nC!

scripture!nCU!

scrub!!clean!by!
rubbing!
scrutiny(

scrub!vIT!

scrutiny!nU!

scrutinize!vT!

sculpture(

sculpture!nCU!

sculptor!nC!

sea(

sea!nCU!
by(sea(
(

seabird!nC!!see!also!
@!bird(
seawater!nU!!see!
also!@!water(

overseas!adj!
seafood!nCU!!see!
also!@!food(
seasick!adj!

seaside!nU!
overseas!adv!
seashore!nC!!see!also!
@!shore(
seaport!nC!!see!also!
@!port(

seabed!nC!!see!also!@!
2(
bed
seaman!nC!!see!also!@!
3(
man

seal!nC(

seam!nC!

seal sea!animal!

2!!

seal!vT!
seal!nC!
(

seam(

seal !!close,!fasten!

X(

corkscrew!nC!!see!
also!@!cork(
scripted!adj!
unscripted!neg!adj!
scriptwriter!nC!!see!
also!@!write/writer(
scrubbing(brush!nC!!
see!also!@!brush(
(
sculpt!vT!
sculptured!adj!
sculptress!nC!
(
seaborne!adj!!see!
3
also!@!bear /borne(
sea(level!n!sing!!see!
1(
also!@!level
sealion(nC!!see!also!
@!lion(
seaplane!nC!!see!also!
@!plane(
seashell!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!shell
seasickness!nU!!see!
1(
also!@!sick
seaweed!nU!!see!
also!@!weed(
sealed!adj!
seal(off!phr!v!
(
seamless!neg!adj!
seamlessly!neg!adv!

500!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

search(

search!nC!
search!vIT!

season!!time!of!year!

season!nC!!summer,!
etc!

season!nC!!sport,!e.g.! (
football!season!

seasonal!adj!

seat(

seat!nC!

seatbelt!nC!!see!also!
@!belt(

seat!vT!formal!

seating!nU!

second!nC!

second!adj!
second!adv!

second(class!n!sing/(
second;class(adj!!see!
2!
also!@!class
(

secondly!adv!

secondhand!adj!!see!
1(
also!@!hand

searcher!nC!
search(engine!nC!
searchlight!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!light
soul;searching!adj!!
(
see!also!@!soul
in(search(of(
search(high(and(low(
seasonable!adj!
seasonally!adv!
unseasonable!neg!
adj!
in/out(of(season(
seated!adj!
unseat!vT!
take(a(seat(
be(seated(
split(second!n!usu!
sing!
second!nC!
second!vT!

secondary!adj!
secondary(school!nC!
esp!Brit!!see!also!@!
school(
in(secret(

secretly!adv!

secrecy!nU!
secretive!adj!
secretarial!adj!

secret(agent!nC!!see!
also!@!agent(
secretariat!nC!

1!!!1

th

second /60 !of!a!

minute!
2
second !!ordinal!
number/secondary(

secret(

(
1

secretary !!office!
worker!
2
secretary !!
government!minister!
section(
!

secret!nC!
secret!adj!
secretary!nC!

secretary!nC!

secretary;general!nC!

section!nC!

cross;section!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!cross

sectional!adj!
cross;sectional!adj!!

501!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

sector(

sector!nC!

sub;section!nC!
(

secular(

X(
1(

secular!adj!

see!also!@!cross
private(sector!nC!!
2(
see!also!@!private
public(sector!nC!!see!
also!@!public(
secularize!vT!

security!nU!

secure!vT!

secure!adj!

securely!adv!
insecurity!nCU!

insecure!neg!adj!
insecurely!neg!adv!

secure !!achieve!

social(security!nU!!
1
see!also!@!society /(
social(
!

secure!vT!formal(

sediment(

sediment!nCU!

sedimentary!adj!

see!vT!!have!sight!of!
see(vT!!watch!film,!
TV!show,!etc!
(

see!vT!!meet,!consult!
sb!

unseen!neg!adj!

sightseeing!nU!!see!
2(
also!@!sight

foresee!vT!

oversee!vIT!

see !!understand,!etc!

see!vIT!!understand!
see!about/to!phr!v!!
deal!with!

seeing!

seeing/seeing(that!

see(off!phr!v!!say!
goodbye!to!sb!
see(out!phr!v!!go!to!
door!with!sb!
see(red!!see!also!@!
red(
see(you(later(
foreseeable!adj!
unforeseen!neg!adj!
unforeseeable!neg!
adj!
overseer!nC!
oversight!nU!!(
see(through!phr!v!!
not!be!deceived!
I(see!exclam!
you(see?(
(

secure !!not!loose!

see !!sight!

502!

headword(

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B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

seed(

seed!nC!

conj!
(

seed!vT!

seek/sought(

seek!vT!

seeker!nC!

seem(

seem!vI!

seemingly!adv!

segment(

segment!nC!

segregation(

seize(

seize!vT!

segregation!nU!
segregate!vT!
seizure!nCU!

seldom(

seldom!adv!

seize(on/upon!phr!v!
seize(up!phr!v!
(

select(

select!vT!
selection!nCU!

selector!nC!

selectively!adv!

self(

self!nCU!

selfish!adj!

select!adj!
selective!adj!
selected!adj!
(

herself!pron!
himself!pron!
itself!pron!
myself!pron!
ourselves!pl!pron!
themselves!pron!
yourself!sing!pron!
yourselves!pl!pron!

herself/himself/(
myself/ourselves/(
themselves/(
yourself/yourselves!
pron!emphasis!
(

oneself!pron!

selfishly!adv!
selfishness!nU!
(

seedless!neg!adj!
seedling!nC!
go(to(seed(
asylum;seeker!nC!!
see!also!@!asylum(
job;seeker!nC!!see!
also!@!job(
seeming!adj!
segment!vT!
segmentation!nU!
segregated!adj!

(all)(by(herself/(
himself/itself/myself
/oneself/(ourselves/(
themselves/yourself
!

503!

headword(

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B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

self;esteem!nU!!see!also!
@!esteem(
self;respect!nU!!see!also!
1(
@!respect

self;centred!adj!Brit/!
self;centered!adj!Am!!
see!also!@!centre/(
1(
center
self;confident!adj!
self;confidence!nU!!
see!also!@!
confident/((
2(
confidence
self;contradicting!
adj!
self;contradiction!
nCU!!see!also!@!
contradict/(
contradiction(
self;conscious/(
consciousness!nU!!
see!also!@!
2(
conscious
self;contained(adj!!
see!also!@!contain(
self;control!nU!!see!
also!@!control(
self;critical!adj!
self;criticism!nU!
self;defence!nU!Brit/!
self;defense!nU!Am!!
see!also!@!defend(
self;discipline!nU!
self;disciplined!adj!!
see!also!@!discipline(
self;evident!adj!!see!

/yourselves(
(

A2(

self;interest!nU!!see!
1(
also!@!interest
self;service!adj/nU!!
2
see!also!@!serve /!
service!

504!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

sell/sold!!see!also!@!
sale(

sell!vT!

seller!nC!
bookseller!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!book

selling!nU!
bestseller!nC!
bestselling!adj!

semantic(

semantic!adj!

semantics!nU!

also!@!evidence/(
evident(
self;governing!adj!!!
self;government(!nU!
see!also!@!govern(
self;sacrifice!nU!!see!
also!@!sacrifice(
unsold!neg!adj!
sell(off!phr!v!
sell(out!phr!v!
sell;out!n!usu!sing!
sell(up!phr!v!
semantically!adv!

semester(

semester!nC!

semi;conductor!!see!
5(
also!@!conduct
semi;final!!see!also!
@!final(
seminar(

semi;conductor!nC!

semi;final!nC(

semi;finalist!nC!!

seminar!nC!

senate(

send(

send!vT!

senate!nC!esp!Am!
senator!nC!esp!Am!
(

sender!nC!

send(away!phr!v!!ask!
sb!to!leave!
send(away(for/send(
for/send(off(for!phr!v!!
order!by!post,!etc!
send(for!phr!v!!order!
sb!to!come!
send(in!phr!v!!submit!!
send(off!phr!v!!
dispatch!by!post!
send(on!phr!v!!
forward!by!post,!etc!

505!

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C1(

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senior(

senior!adj!

senior!nC!!sb!higherL
ranking!or!older!

sensation!!sth!
wonderful,!exciting!
1
sense !!feeling,!
judgement!

sensation!nC!

sensational!adj!

sense!nC!

sense!vT!!be!aware!
of!sth!

sense!nC!

sensation!nC!!sense!
of!feel!

sensory!adj!

sense!nU!
sensible!adj!
nonsense!nU!

sensibly!adv!
senseless!neg!adj!!
foolish!

sense !!meaning!

sense!nC!

sensitive(

sensitive!adj!

sensitivity!nU!

insensitive!neg!adj!

sense !!natural!
ability,!faculty!(sight,!
taste,!etc)!
3
sense !!reason,!logic!

X(

send(out!phr!v!!eject!
send(out!phr!v!!emit!
light,!heat,!etc!
send(out!phr!v!!
distribute!by!post,!
etc!
senior!nC!esp!Am!!
finalLyear!student!
senior!nC!esp!Am!!
pensioner!
senior(citizen!nC!!see!
also!@!citizen(
seniority(nU!
sensationally!adv!
sensationalism!nU!
insensible!neg!adj!
senseless!neg!adj!!
unconscious!
sense(of(humour!n!
sing!Brit/sense(of(
humor!nC!Am!
nonsensical!neg!adj!
common(sense!nU/!
commonsense!adj!!
1
see!also!@!common (
come(to(ones(
senses(
out(of(ones(senses(
talk(sense(
in(a(sense(
make(sense(
sensitively!adv!
insensitively!neg!adv!
insensitivity!nU!

506!

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B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

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sentence!nC!

sentence !!
punishment!
sentiment(

sentence!nC!
sentence!vT!
(

sentiment!nCU!formal!
sentimental!adj!

separate(

(
(

separate!vI!!end!
relationship!
(

separately!adv!
separation!nCU!
(

sequence(

separate!adj!
separate(vI!!divide!
sequence!nCU!

inseparable!neg!adj!
(
sequential!adj!

sentimentality!nU!
sentimentally!adv!
sentimentalist!nC!
sentimentalism!nU!
unsentimental!neg!
adj!
separable!adj!
separated!adj!
sequentially!adv!

sergeant(

sergeant!nC!

sergeant;major!nC!

serial(

serial!nC!!story!in!
several!parts!
serial!adj!

series(

series!nU!

serialize!vT!
serialization!nU!
serial(number!nC!!
see!also!@!number(
(

serious(

serious!adj!!extreme,!
important,!
dangerous,!etc!
(

serious!adj!!not!
humorous!
seriously!adv!
(

seriousness!nU!

sermon!nC!

sermonize!vI!

serving!nC!

serve(out/up!phr!v!!
serve!food,!etc!

serve!vI!!in!military!
serve!vIT!!in!prison!

disservice!nU!
serve(out!phr!v!!
finish!ones!time!in!
job,!in!prison,!etc!
(

sentence !!language!

sermon(
1

serve!vIT!

serve!vIT!!do!a!job!

servant!nC!
service!nC!!
government!system,!
department!
service!nU!!

serve /service!!in!
restaurant,!shop,!etc!

serve !/service(!
work,!usually!for!a!
long!time!

service!nU!
service(charge!nC!!
1!
see!also!@!charge
self;service!adj/nU!!
see!also!@!self(
serviceman!nC!!
soldier,!etc;!see!also!
3(
@!man

507!

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B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

assistance!!
(

fire(service!nC!!see!also!
1
@!fire (

server!nC!

civil(service!nU!
civil(servant!nC!!!see!
2(
also!@!civil
emergency(services!
n!pl!!see!also!@!
emergency(
social(service!nC!!see!
1
also!@!society /(
social(
(

service !!religious!
ceremony!
2
service !!
maintenance!

service!nC!

service!nC!

service!vT!

session(

session!nC!

serviceable!adj!
unserviceable!neg!
adj!
service(station!nC!!
3(
see!also!@!station
(

set!vT!!put!sth!
somewhere!
set!vT!!get!ready!
(

set(off/out((phr!v!!
(
start!a!journey!
set(up!phr!v!!arrange,!
organize,!establish!

set;up!nC!!
organisation,!
arrangement!

onset!n!sing!
setback!nC!

set(about!phr!v!!start!
to!do!sth!
set(apart!phr!v!!
distinguish!
set(aside!phr!v!!leave!
sth!till!later!
set(back!phr!v!delay,!
cost!
set(down!phr!v!!write!
down!
set(down!phr!v!!place!

server!!computing

set !!put!sth!
somewhere!
2

set !!phrasal!verbs,!
etc!!!

508!

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set!nC!

sth!on!the!ground!
set(forth!phr!v!!start!
a!journey!
set(free!!see!also!@!
1
free (
set(off!phr!v!!start!!a!
reaction,!explosion,!
etc!
set(on!phr!v!!attack!
set(out!phr!v!!
arrange!things!for!
sale,!etc!
(

set!vT!

set!adj!

set!nC!

setting!n!sing!

set!vI!
sunset!nCU!!see!also!
@!sun(
setting!nC(

settle!vIT!

set!vT!
set!nC!!for!making!
film,!etc!
(

unsettled!neg!adj!
unsettling!neg!adj!
settle(for!phr!v!
settle(on/upon!phr!v!

settler!nC!

settle(down!phr!v!!go!
to!live!permanently!
settle(in/into!phr!v!!

set !!group!of!things,!
people!
4
set !!fixed,!
predetermined!
5
set !!TV,!radio,!etc!
set !!going!down!of!
sun,!etc!
set /setting(!where!
sth!takes!place,!
location!
1
settle !!end!
disagreement,!etc!

settle !!go!to!live!
somewhere!

A1(

settle(down!phr!v!!
become!calmer!
settlement!nC!!
agreement!
settlement!nC!!
payment!after!
disagreement,!etc!
settle!vIT!
settlement!nC!

509!

headword(

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B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

settle !!pay!bill!

settle!vT!

seven(

seventh!ordinal!
1
number,!fraction! /7!
seventeenth!ordinal!
1
number,!fraction! /17!
seventieth!ordinal!
1
number,!fraction! /70!
(

several(

seven!cardinal!
number!7!
seventeen!cardinal!
number!17!
seventy!cardinal!
number!70!
several!det,!pron!

set!up!home!
settle(up!phr!v!
settlement!nU!
(

several!adj!formal(

severe(

severe!adj!!not!kind(

severely!adv!

severity!nU!

sew(

severe!adj!!extreme,!
very!bad!
sew!vIT!

sewing!nU!

sewer(

sex!nU!
sexual!adj!

sexually!adv!
sexy!adj!

sex !!gender!

sex!nC!

sexuality!nU!
sexual(intercourse!
nU!!see!also!@!
intercourse(
(

sewer!nC!
sewage!nU!
(

sh!!!(

sh!/shh!!!exclam!

sexism!nU!
sexist!nC!
(

sewing(machine!nC!!
see!also!@!machine(
sew(up!phr!v!!close!
by!stitching!
sew(up!!phr!v!!
complete!sth!
sewerage!nU!
!
sexily!adv!
sexiness!nU!
sex(appeal!nU!!see!
2(
also!@!appeal
sex!vT!

shabby(

shabby!adj!

shack(

shack!nC!

shabbily!adv!
shabbiness!nU!
(

shade!nU!

shade!vT!
shady!adj!

shade!nC!!lampshade!
lampshade!nC!!see!

sex !!mating,!making!
love!

shade !/shadow!no!
sunlight!
!

510!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

shadow!nCU!

shadowy!adj!

shade !!hue!

shade!nC!

shade!vIT!

also!@!lamp(
shades!n!pl!informal!!
sunglasses!
sunshade!nC!!see!
also!@!sun(
without(a(shadow(of(
a(doubt!!see!also!@!
doubt(
(

shaft!!of!arrow,!
lightning,!etc!
1
shake !!agitate!

shaft!nC!

shake!vI!

shake!vIT!!shake!
hands!
shake(hands!v!!see!
also!@!hand(

shake!nC!

handshake!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!hand

shaky!adj!

shake /milkshake(

shake!nC!

shall(

shall!modal!!future!
shall!modal!!offer,!
question!
(

shakily!adv!
shakiness!nU!
shaken!adj!
shake!vT!!fig:!!upset!
shake(off!phr!v!!dust,!
hair,!etc!
shake(off!phr!v!!fig:!
evade!
shake(up!phr!v!!
rearrange!
shake;up!nC!
shake(up!phr!v!!liquid!
milkshake!nC!!see!
also!@!milk(
(

shallow!adj!

shame!nU!
ashamed!adj!

shallow(
1

shame ((disgrace(

shallow!n!usu!pl!
shallowness!nU!
shame!vT!
shameful!adj!
shamefully!adv!

511!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

shame !!regret,!
disappointment!
shampoo(

shame!nC!usu!sing!

shape(

shape!nCU!!form!

shape!vT!

shampoo!nCU!
shampoo!vT!
shape!nU!!condition!

share!nC!

share!vIT!

shared!adj!

sharing!nU!

share !!in!company!

share!nC!

shark(

shareholder!nC!!see!
also!@!hold/holder(
(

shark!nC!!sea!creature!

sharp!adj!

sharpen!vT!

sharply!adv!!
suddenly!

sharp!adj!
sharp!adv!!sudden!
change!in!direction!

share !!divide!with!
others!

sharp !!blade,!point,!
etc!
2
sharp !!sudden,!
painful!

shaped!adj!
shapeless!neg!adj!

X(

shameless!adj!
shamelessly!adv!
shame(on(you!!
exclam!
shame;faced!adj!!see!
(
also!@!face
what(a(shame!!
exclam!
(
shapelessly!neg!adv!
shapelessness!nU!
shapely!adv!
misshapen!neg!adj!
in(good/poor(shape(
shape(up(!phr!v!!
develop!
take(shape(
sharer!nC!
do(ones(share(
fair(share!n!sing!
the(lions(share!!see!
also!@!lion(
(
shark!nC!!fig:!!sb!
obtaining!money!
dishonestly!
sharpener!nC!
sharpness!nU!
(

512!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

sharp!adv!

sharp !!intelligent,!
sensitive,!clear,!etc!
shatter(

sharp!adj!

shatter!vT!

sharp;eyed!adj!!see!
also!@!eye(
shattered!adj!

shave(

shave!vIT!
shave!nC!

she(

she!pron!

shed!nC!

she;!prefix!
she!nC!informal!
(

shed !!get!rid!of,!flow! (
out!

shed!vT!

sheep(

sheep!nC!

sheer!adj!

sharp !!exact!time!

shed !!wooden!hut!
2

sheer !!vertical!

shaver!nC!
electric(shaver!nC!!
see!also!@!electric(
shaving!nU!
shaving!nC!
shaving(soap/(
cream/foam!nU!!see!
1
also!@!cream ,(
foam,(soap(
s/he!pron!
(
shed(blood(
bloodshed!nU!!see!
also!@!blood(
shed(tears!!see!also!
2(
@!tear
sheepishly!adv!
sheepdog!nC!!see!
also!@!dog(
shepherd!nC!
shepherd!vT!
black(sheep!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!black
sheepskin!nCU!!see!
!
also!@!skin
(

513!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

sheer !!total!

sheer!adj!

sheet!

sheet!nC!!bedding!

spreadsheet!nC!!see!
also!@!spread(

sheeting!nU!
style(sheet!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!style

shelf(

shelve!vT!
shelving!nU!

sheet!nC!!cloth!
covering!
sheet!nC!!piece!of!
paper!
sheet!nC!!piece!of!
metal,!wood,!glass,!
etc!
shelf!nC!
bookshelf!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!book
(

shell!nC!!of!animal,!
egg,!nut,!etc!

shell!vT!
nutshell!nC!!see!also!@!
1(
nut

shell !!bullet!

shell!nC!
shell!vT!

shelter(

shelter!nCU!

shelter!vIT!

eggshell!nCU!!see!
also!@!egg(
in(a(nutshell(
sea(shell!nC!!see!also!
@!ses(
shellfish!nU!!see!also!
@!fish(
shelling!nU!
bombshell!nC!!casing!
of!bomb!
bombshell!nC!!fig:!!
shock;!see!also!@!
bomb(
sheltered!adj!

sheriff(

sheriff!nC!

shield(

shield!nC!

shield!vT!

windshield!nC!Am!!see!
1
1(
also!@!wind ,(screen

shift!!move!

shift!vIT!

shift!nC!!movement!

shifting!adj!

windshield(wiper!nC!
Am!!see!also!@!
wipe/wiper(
makeshift!adj!

shilling(

shilling!nC!

shell !!hard!exterior!
of!sth.!

514!

headword(

shine(

A1(

A2(

ship!nC!
by(ship(
(

ship !!send!goods!

shirt(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

shine!vI!
shine!nCU!
sunshine!nU!!see!
also!@!sun(
(

shining!adj!
shiny!adj!

shipping!nU!

warship!nC!!see!also!
@!war(

spaceship!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!space

ship!vT(

battleship!nC!!see!
also!@!battle(
merchant(ship!nC!!
see!also!@!merchant(
steamship!nC!!see!
also!@!steam(
shipper!nC!

shirt!nC!

t;shirt/T;shirt/tee;
shirt(!nC!

shipbuilding!nU!!see!
1
also!@!build /(building(
shipwreck!nC!!see!also!
@!wreck(
shipyard!nC!!see!also!@!
2(
yard
shipment!nC!
shipping!nU/adj!
(

shit !!expressing!
anger!
shiver(

shit!nCU!offensive!
shit!vI!offensive!
shit!!!exclam!
offensive!
(

shiver!vI!

shiver!nC!

shock(

shock!nCU!!violent!
blow!

shock!nCU!!electric!
shock!
electric(shock!nCU!!
see!also!@!electric(
shock!nCU!!
emotional!shock!
shock!vT!

shocked!adj!
shocking!adj!

ship ((vessel(

shit !!faeces!

nightshirt!nC!!see!
also!@!night(
shirtsleeves!n!pl!!see!
also!@!sleeve(
sweatshirt!nC!!see!
also!@!sweat(
(
shitty!adj!offensive!
shit!nC!offensive!
shivering!nU!
shivery!adj!
shocker!nC!informal!
shockingly!adv!
shock(absorber!nC!!
see!also!@!absorb(
shockproof!adj!!see!
3
also!@!proof /;proof(
unshockable!neg!adj!

515!

headword(

shoe(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

horseshoe!nC!!see!
also!@!horse(
shoebrush!nC!!see!
also!@!brush(
shoemaker!nC!!see!
1
also!@!make /maker(
shoestring!nC/on(a(
shoestring!!see!also!
@!string(
in(sbs(shoes(
shoot(down!phr!v!!
aircraft,!etc!
shoot(down(phr!v!!
fig:!!argument!
shoot;out!nC!
shoot(up!phr!v!
overshoot!vIT!
bamboo(shoots!n!pl!!
see!also!@!bamboo(
(

shoe!nC!

shoeshop!nC!!see!
also!@!shop(

shoelace!nC!!see!also!@!
2(
lace

1!!!

shoot!vIT!

shooter!nC!
shooting!nCU!

shoot!nC!

shoot!vI!

shot!nC!

shop!nC!

shopping!nU!

shop!vI!

shopper!nC!

bookshop!nC!!see!
(
1!
also!@!book
shop(assistant!nC!!
see!also!@!assist/(
!
assistant
shoeshop!nC!!see!
also!@!shoe(
shopping(mall!nC!esp!
Am!!see!also!@!mall(
toyshop!nC!!see!also!
@!toy(

shoot !!young!plant!
shoot !!sport!
shop !!store!

A2(

shoot fire!gun;!!see!
also!@!shot(

A1(

shop(around!phr!v!!
look!for!best!price!
go(shopping(
shopkeeper!nC!!see!also! shoplifting!nU!
2
@!keep /keeper(
shoplifter!nC!
shoplift(vI!!see!also!
@!lift(
shopwindow!nC(!!see!
also!@!window(
shopping(bag!nC!!see!
also!@!bag(
shopping(list!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!list
barbers(shop/(

516!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

shop !!workshop!

shore(

short!adj!!opp.!tall!
short!adj!!opp.!long!
(distance)!
short!adj!!opp.!long!
(time)!

short!adv!
short(story!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!story

short !!not!tall,!not!
long!

short !!insufficient!
!

workshop!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!work
(

shop!nC!

shore!nC!
(
seashore!nC!!see!also!
@!sea(
(
(

ashore!adv!
onshore!adj!
offshore!adj!
shorten!vT!!

shortage!nC!

short!adj!

X(

barber(shop!nC!!see!
also!@!barber(
betting(shop!nC!!see!
also!@!bet/betting(
charity(shop!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!charity(
junk(shop!nC!!see!
also!@!junk(
shopping(cart!nC!Am!!
see!also!@(cart(
shopping(trolley!nC!
Brit!!see!also!@!
1!
trolley
window(shopping!
nU!!see!also!@!
window(
sweatshop!nC!!see!
also!@!sweat(
shoreline!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!line
shortcut!nC!!!
cut(short!phr!v!!see!
also!@!cut(
for(short(
in(short(
short;lived!adj!!see!
1(
also!@!live
short;sighted!adj!!
1(
see!also!@!sight
short;term!nU/adj!!
1!
see!also!@!term
fall(short!phr!v!
shortfall!nC!!see!also!

517!

headword(

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(
1(

short !!alcoholic!
drink!
shortcoming(

short!nC!

@!fall
short(of/run(short(of(
sth!phr!v!
short;change!vT!
short;changed!adj!!
2(
see!also!@!change
(

shortcoming!nC!

shortly!soon!

shortly!adv!

shorts!!short!
trousers!
shot!!see!also!@!
1(
shoot
should(

shorts!n!pl!

shot!nC!!gunfire!

like(a(shot(

shoulder(

should!modal!!
recommendation!
should!modal!!duty!
should!modal!!
probability!
should!modal!!would!
have!been!better!
shoulder!nC!

shotgun!nC!!see!also!@!
gun(
(

shoulder!vT!

shout(

shout!vIT!

shout!nC!

shouting!nU!

give(sb(the(cold(
shoulder!!see!also!@!
1(
cold
shoulder(blade!nC!!
see!also!@!blade(
(

shove(

shove!vIT!informal!
shove!nC!informal!

shovel(

shovel!nC!
shovel!vT!

shove(off!phr!v!
informal!!leave,!
depart!
(

518!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

show!vT!!
demonstrate,!prove!
show!vT!!make!
visible!to!sb!

show!vT!!explain!

showcase!nC!!see!also!
3(
@!case

show!nC!!
performance!

show!nC!!public!
event!
show!vIT!!display!

shower!nC!

shower!vI!

shower !!brief!
rainfall!
shrewd(

shower!nC!

shower!vI!

shrewd!adj!

shrimp(

shrine(

shrimp!nC!Brit/(
shrimp!nU!Am!
shrine!nC!

shrink(

shrink!vI!

shrub(

shrub!nC!

shrug(

shrug!vIT!
shrug!nC!

shudder(

shudder!vI!

show !!reveal,!
demonstrate,!prove!

show !!theatrical/TV!
performance!

shower !!washing!

X(

show(off!phr!v!!try!to!
impress!
show(up!phr!v!!
arrive,!become!
visible!
show(up!phr!v!!
embarrass!sb!
showing!nC!
showman!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!man
chat(show!nC!!see!
also!@!chat(
floor(show!nC!!see!
also!@!floor(
shower(cap!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!cap
showery!adj!
shrewdly!adv!
shrewdness!nU!
(
enshrine!vT!formal!
enshrined!adj!
shrinking!nU!
shrinkage!nU!
shrink(from!phr!v!!
avoid!
shrubbery!nU!
shrug(off!phr!v!!
dismiss!as!
unimportant!
(

519!

headword(

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

shuffle(

shudder!nC!
shuffle!vIT!!mix!things,!
esp.!playing!cards!

shut(

shut!vI!

shut!adj!

shutter!nC!

shuttle(

shuttle!nC!

shy(

shy!adj!

sibling(

sibling!nC!

sick!adj!

seasick!adj!
(

sick!nU!
sickness!nU!

sick !!ill!

sick!adj!

sickness!nU!

sick!adj!

be(sick(of(

sick !!vomit!

sick !!unhappy!

X(

shuffle!nC!
reshuffle!vT!
reshuffle!nC!
shut(away!phr!v!!
hide,!lock!up!
shut(down!phr!v!!
close!a!business!
shut(in!phr!v!!
enclose,!imprison!
shut(off!phr!v!!isolate!
shut(out!phr!v!!
exclude!
shut(up!phr!v!!
imprison!
shut(up!phr!v!!silence!
shut(up!!!exclam!
shuttle!vI!
space(shuttle!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!space
shyly!adv!
shyness!nU!
(
seasickness!nU!!see!
also!@!sea(
feel(sick!esp!Brit!
the(sick!nU!
sicken!vT!
sickly!adv!
sickroom!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!room
sickening!adj!
homesick!adj!!see!

520!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(
1(

seaside!nU!!see!also!
@!sea(

side !!facet!of!sth!or! (
sb!
3
side !!team,!
(
argument,!etc!
4
side !!additional,!usu.! (
unwanted!

side!nC!

bedside!adj!!see!also!@!
1(
bed
roadside!nU/adj!!see!
also!@!road(
(

side!nC!

side!vI(

sidewalk!!see!also!@!
pavement,(walk(
siege(

sidewalk!nC!esp!Am!

also!@!home
be(sick(and(tired!!see!
1!
also!@!tire
sideways!adj/adv!!
1(
see!also!@!way
side;by;side!adv!
underside!nC!
be(on(the(safe(side!!
1(
see!also!@!safe
side(with(sb!phr!v!
take(sides(
side(dish!nC!!see!also!
2(
@!dish
side(effect!nC!
on(the(side(
side(salad!nC!!see!
also!@!salad(
(

siege!nC!

besiege!vT!

sift/sieve(

sift!vT!

sigh(

sigh!vI!

sigh!nC!

sieve!nC!
sieve!vT!
sift(through!phr!v!
(

sight!nU!!sense!

sight!nC!!view!
in(sight/into(sight(
out(of(sight(
(

eyesight!nU!!see!also!
@!eye(

sight!vT!

side !!surface!of!sth,!
edge!

side!nC!
side!adj!

sight !!sense!

sighted!adj!
sightless!neg!adj!
sighting!nC!
hindsight!nCU!
long;sighted!adj!!see!
1(
also!@!long
short;sighted!adj!!
1(
see!also!@!short

521!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

sign!nC!!notice!

sign(nCU!indication!

sight!nC!usu!pl!
sightseeing!nU!!see!
also!@!see(
signpost!nC!!see!also!
3!
@!post

signify!vT!
(

sign!vIT!

signature!nC!

signing!nU!

signal !!indication,!
message!
2
signal !!traffic,!
railway,!etc!

signal!nC!

signal!vIT!

signal!nC!

significant(

significant!adj!

significantly!adv!

significance!nU!

insignificant!neg!adj!

silence(

silence!nCU!
silent!adj!

silently!adv!

silence!vT!

sight !!landmark!

sign !!indication,!
notice!

sign /signature(

X(

at(first(sight(
know(sb(by(sight(
catch(sight(of(sb/sth(
lose(sight(of(sb/sth(
love(at(first(sight!!
see!also!@!first,(love(
(

plus(sign!nC!!see!also!
@!plus(
minus(sign!nC!!see!
also!@!minus(
signed!adj!
signatory!nC!
sign(away/over!phr!v!!
give!sth!up!by!signing!
a!legal!document!
sign(on/up!phr!v!!
agree!to!do!sth!by!
signing!a!document!
countersign!vT!
!
signal(box!nC!!see!
1
also!@!box (
signalman!nC!!see!
3!
also!@!man
insignificance!nU!
insignificantly!neg!
adv!
silencer!nC!

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headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

silicon(

silicon!nU!

silk(

silk!nU!

silky!adj!

silly(

silly!adj!

silicon(chip!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!chip
silkiness!nU!
silken!adj!
silkworm!nC!!see!
also!@!worm(
silliness!nU!

silver(

silvery!adj!

similar(

similar!adj!

silver!nU!!metal!
silver!nU!!colour!
silver!adj!
(

dissimilar!neg!adj(

dissimilarity!nCU!

simmer(

similarity!nCU!
similarly!adv!
(

simmer!vIT!

simple(

simple!adj!!easy!to!
do!or!understand!
simply!adv!

simple!adj!!not!
ornate!or!
complicated!

simplicity!nU!

simplify!vT!
simplistic!adj!

simply!!emphasis!

simply!adv!

simmering!adj!
simmer(down!phr!v!!
calm!down!
simplification!nCU!
simplified!adj!
unsimplified!neg!adj!
simple;minded!adj!!
1(
see!also!@!mind
(

simulate(

simulated!adj!

simultaneous(

simultaneously!adv!

simulate!vT!
simulation!nCU!
simultaneous!adj!

sin(

sin!nCU!

since!adv,!prep!

sin!vI!
sinner!nC!
sinful!adj!
(

since !!because!

since!conj!

sincere(

sincere!adj!
(
yours(sincerely!letter!
ending!Brit/sincerely(

sincerely!adv!

sincerity!nU!

insincere!neg!adj!
insincerity!nU!
insincerely!neg!adv!

since !!after!

523!

headword(

A1(

sing!!see!also!@!song( sing!vIT!

A2(

B1(

yours!!letter!ending!
Am!
singer!nC!

B2(

C1(

C2(

singing!nU!

single!adj!esp!Brit!!
oneLway!(ticket,!etc)!
single!nC!esp!Brit!!
ticket,!etc!
single!adj!

single(out!phr!v!
singular!adj!!grammar!

singly!adv!
(

single(mother!nC!!
see!also!@!mother(
single(parent!nC!!see!
also!@!parent(
(

single!adj!!only!one!

single !!unmarried,!
without!a!partner!

single!adj!!for!one!
person!
single(room!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!room
(

sinister(

sinister!adj!

sink !!go!under!water! (

sink!vI!!go!under!
water!

sink!vI!!go!down!

single !!only!one,!for!
one!

X(

sink !!basin!

sink!nC!

sip(

sir(

siren!!warning!device! (

sir!nC!
dear(sir!letter!
opening!!see!also!@!
1(
dear
(

sip!vIT!
sip!nC!
(

sinking!nCU!
sinking!adj!
sunken!adj!
sink(in!phr!v!!
understand!
kitchen(sink!nC!!see!
also!@!kitchen(
(

siren!nC!

sister(

sister!nC!

sister;in;law!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!law

sit!!see!also!@!seat(

sit!vI!

sit(down!phr!v!!be!
seated!

sitting!nC!

sisterly!adj!
sisterhood!nCU!
step;sister!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!step
sit(around!phr!v!!do!
nothing!while!

524!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

C2(

X(

waiting!
sit(back!phr!v!!do!
nothing!
sit(for!phr!v!!take!an!
exam!
sit(out/through!phr!v!!
wait!till!the!end!
sit(up!phr!v!!sit!
upright!
babysitting!nU!

site(

site!nC!

situate!!locate!

situation!!context!

situation!nC!

situational(adj!

six(

sixth!ordinal!number,! (
1
fraction! /6!
sixteenth!ordinal!
number,!fraction!
sixtieth!ordinal!
number,!fraction(
size!nC!!measure:!!
(
clothes,!shoes,!etc!

size(

six!!cardinal!number!
6!
sixteen!cardinal!
number!16!
sixty!cardinal!
number!60(
size!nCU!!largeness!

sizeable/sizable!adj!

skate(

skate!vI!
skate!nC!

skater!nC!

size!vT!
sizeably/sizably!
size(up!phr!v!!form!
an!opinion,!etc!
life;size!adj!see!also!
@!life(
pint;sized!adj!!see!
also!@!pint(
skating!nU!
ice(skate!nC!

C1(

sitting(room!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!room
campsite!nC!!see!also! (
@!camp(
website!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!web
(
situated!adj!

B2(

babysit!vIT!
babysitter!nC!
(

site!vT!
caravan(site!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!caravan(

situate!vT!formal!

525!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

skeleton(

skeleton!nC!

skeletal!adj!

sketch(

sketch!nC!!quick!
drawing!
sketch!vIT!!draw!a!
sketch!

ski(

skill(

skill!nCU!

skin(

skin!nCU!!human!or!
animal!
skin!nCU!!fruit,!food,!
object,!etc!

ski!nC!
ski!vI!
skier!nC!
skiing!nU!
skilful!adj!Brit/!
skillful!adj!Am!
skilled!adj!
(

skinny!adj!

X(

ice(skater!nC!
ice(skating!nU!!see!
also!@!ice(
roller(skate!nC!
roller(skating!nU!!see!
1
also!@!roll /roller(
skateboard!nC!
skateboard!vI!
skateboarding!nU!
skateboarder!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!board
(
sketch!nC!!short!
description!
sketch!nC!!short!
humorous!
performance!
sketch(out!phr!v!!
outline!
sketchy!adj!
water;skiing!nU!!see!
also!@!water(

skilfully!adv!Brit/!
skillfully!adv!Am!
unskilled!neg!adj!
skin!vT!
skinless!neg!adj!
banana(skin!nCU!!see!
also!@!banana(
sheepskin!nCU!!see!
also!@!sheep(
thick;skinned!adj!!

526!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

skip!!jump!

skip!vI!

see!also!@!thick(
skip(over!phr!v!!omit!

skipper(

skipper!nC!

skipper!vT!

skirt!nC!

skirt !!edge!

skull(

skull!nC!

skirt!vT!
outskirts!n!pl(
(

sky(

sky!nCU!

slab(

slab!nC!

skyscraper!nC!!see!also!
@!scrape(
skyline!nC!!see!also!@!
1(
line
(

slam(

slam!vIT!

slang(

slang!nU!

slap(

slash(

slap!vT!
slap!nC!
(

slate!!roofing!
material!
slaughter(

slash!vIT!!cut!
violently!
slash!vT!!reduce!
greatly!
(

slate!nCU!

slaughter!nU!
slaughter!vT!

slave(

slave!nC!

slavery!nU!

manslaughter!nCU!!
2(
see!also!@!man
slaughterhouse!nC!!
2(
see!also!@!house
slave!vI!
slave(away!phr!v!

skirt !!garment!

skullcap(nC!!see!also!
1(
@!cap
pie(in(the(sky!!see!
also!@!pie(
skyrocket!vI!!see!also!
@!rocket(
(
slam(sth(down/into/(
on(to!phr!v!
grand(slam!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!grand
(
slap(in(the(face!nC!!
see!also!@!face(
slash!nC!
slashed!adj!

527!

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sleek(
sleep

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

sleek!adj!

1(

sleep!vI!

sleep!nCU!
asleep!adj!

sleepy!adj!!tired!

sleepy!adj!!quiet,!
unexciting!

sleeping!adj!
sleeping(car!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!car

sleeve!nC!!part!of!
clothing!that!covers!
the!arm!

sleeve!nC!!cover!of!
book!or!other!object!

sleep(together!phr!v!!! (
sleep(with(sb!phr!v!!!
(
(

sleep !!have!sex!with!
sb!
sleeve(

A1(

X(

enslave!vT!
enslavement!nU!
slave(driver!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!drive
sleekly!adv!
sleepily!adv!
sleepless!neg!adj!
sleep(off!phr!v!!sleep!
so!that!you!feel!
better!
sleep(through!phr!v!!
sleep!despite!noise,!
etc!
fall(asleep!!see!also!
1!
@!fall
go(to(sleep(
oversleep!vI!
sleeping(bag!nC!!see!
also!@!bag(
sleeping(partner!nC!!
inactive!business!
partner;!see!also!@!
partner(
sleeping(pill/tablet!
nC!!see!also!@!pill,(
tablet(
sleepwalker!nC!
sleepwalking!nU!!see!
also!@!walk(
(
sleeveless!neg!adj!
shirtsleeves!npl!!see!
also!@!shirt(

528!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

slender(

slice(

slick(

slice!nC!!piece!of!
bread,!etc!
slice!vT!
(

slice!nC!!share,!
portion!
sliced!adj!
(

slide(

slide!vI!

slide!nC!!act,!
instance!of!sliding!
slide!nC!!playground!
equipment!

slight!!small!

slightly!adj!

slight!adj!!small!

slim(

slip !!small!piece!of!
paper!
slipper(

X(

slender!adj!!thin!
(
slender!adj!!very!limited!
(
unsliced!neg!adj!

slick!adj!

slickly!adv!

slight!adj!!slender!

sliding!adj!
landslide!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!land
let(sth(slide!!fail!to!
take!action!to!stop!
sth!
(

slim!adj!

slip!vI!

slip!nC!!fall!

slippery!adj!

slip!nC!

slim!vI!
slimming!nU!
slippage!nCU!
slip;up!nC!
slip(up!phr!v!!make!a!
small!mistake!
slip!nC!!small!mistake!
(

slipper!nC!usu!pl!

slogan!

slogan!nC!

slope(

sloping!adj!

slot(

slope!nC!
slope!vI!
(

slot!nC!

slow(

slowly!adv!

slow!adj!!opp.!quick!
slow!adj!!watch,!

slow!adv!informal!

slot!vT!
slot(sth(into(sth!phr!v!
slot(machine!nC!!see!
also!@!machine(
slowdown!nC!
slow;moving!adj!!see!

slip !!fall,!slide!

C2(

529!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

slum(

clock:!!opp.!fast!
slow!vIT!
slow(down/up!phr!v!
(

slump(

slump!vI!

slump!nC!

sly(

sly!adj!

smack!!hit!with!the!
flat!of!your!hand!
small(

smack!vT!

small!adj!

small;scale!adj!!see!
1(
also!@!scale

smart!adj!

smart!adj!

smash!vT!!break!into!
pieces!
smash!vIT!!crash!into!
sth!
(

smell!nC!!odour!
smell!nU!!sense!
smell!vT!!detect!a!
smell!
smell!vI!!give!off!a!
smell!

smash!vT!!break!a!
record!
(

smash!nC!
smash!adj!
(

slyly!adv!
slyness!nU!
on(the(sly!adv!!
secretly!
smack!nC!
smacking!nU!
smallish!adj!
small(change!nU!!see!
2(
also!@!change
smarten!vT!
smarten(up!phr!v!
smartly!adv!
smartness!nU!
smart(card!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!card
smash;and;grab(raid!
nC!Brit!see!also!@!
grad,(raid(
smash;up!nC!
smashing!adj!Brit!
oldJfashioned!
smelly!adj!
smell(a(rat!!be!
suspicious;!see!also!
@!rat(

smart !!tidy,!neat,!
etc!esp!Brit!

smart !!intelligent!!
smash !!hit,!shatter!

smash !!great!
success!
smell(

also!@!move(

slum!nC!

slummy!adj!

530!

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A1(

smile(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

smile!vI!
smile!nC!

smiling!adj!

smoke!nU!

smoking!adj!

smoke !!consume!
tobacco!

smoke!vIT!

smoking!nU!

smoker!nC!

smooth(

smooth!adj!

smooth!vT!
smoothly!adv!

snack(

snack!nC!

snail(

snack(bar!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!bar
(

snail!nC!

snake(

snake!nC!

snap!!break!suddenly! (

snap!vIT!

snatch(

snatch!vT!

sneak(

sneak!vITsneak(up(
(on)(!phr!v!

sneaker!nC!usu!pl!esp!
Am(

sneeze(

sneeze!nC!
sneeze!vI!

1!!

smoke from!fire

X(

smilingly!adv!
smiley!nC,!e.g.!!
unsmiling!neg!adj!
smoked!adj!
smokeless!neg!adj!
smoky!adj!
smoke!nC!
non;smoker!nC!
passive(smoking!nU!!
se!also!@!passive!
smoothness!nU!
smoothie!nC!
smooth((things)(over!
phr!v!!settle!a!
disagreement!
snack!vI!
at(a(snails(pace!!see!
also!@!pace(
snake!vI!
grass(snake!nC!!see!
also!@!grass(
rattlesnake!nC!!see!
also!@!rattle(
snap!nC!
snap(out(of(it!!stop!
being!miserable!
snatch!nC!
sneaking!adj!
sneaky!adj!
sneak!nC!esp!Brit!
not(to(be(sneezed(at(

531!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

sniff(

sniff!vIT!

snooker(

snooker!nU!

sniff!nC!
sniff(out!phr!v!!
detect!
(

snort(

snort!vI!

snort!nC!

snow(

snow!nU!
snow!vI!

snowball!nC!!see!also! (
1(
@!ball
snowstorm!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!storm

snowy!adj!

so!conj!
so!!introductory!
!

so(that(

be(snowed(under!
phr!v!!be!very!busy!
snowboard!nC!
snowboard!vI!!see!
1!
also!@!board
snow;capped!adj!!
1(
see!also!@!cap
snowdrift!nC!!see!
also!@!drift(
snowman!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!man
snowplough!nC!Brit/!
snowplow!nC!Am!
so(as(to(

so!adv!!to!such!an!
extent!

so!adj!

like(so(

so !!phrases!

so;called!adj!!see!
1
also!@!call (

soak(

soak!vIT!

and(so(on/forth(
or(so(
so(and(so!nC!
so(far(as!conj!
so(long(as!conj!
so;so!adj!
soak!nC!
soak(up!phr!v!
soaked!adj!

so !!in!order!that,!
therefore,!etc!
2
so !!to!such!an!
extent!
so !!true,!as!stated!

532!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

soap(

soap!nCU!

soar(

soar!vI!

soaking!adj!
soap!vT!
soapy!adj!
soap(opera!nC!!see!
also!@!opera(
shaving(soap!nU!!see!
also!@!shave(
soaring!adj!

sob(

sob!vIT!

sob!nC!

sober(

sober!adj!

soccer(

soccer!nU!

soberly!adv!
sobering!adj!
sober(up!phr!v!
sobriety!nU!
(

social(security!nU!!
1
see!also!@!secure /(
security(
(
(

socially!adv!
!

sociology!nU!
socialism!nU!
socialist!nC!
socialist!adj!
(

sociological!adj(
(

sociologist!nU!
(

1!!

society community/(( society!nC!

social/(socialism((!
social!adj!!relating!to!
society!
(
(

(
(

societal!adj!
social(service!nC!!see!
2
also!@!serve /(
service(
social(worker!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!work

society !!club/(
socialize(

society!nC!
social!adj!

sock(

sock!nC!

socially!adv!
sociable!adj!
socialite!nC!
socialize!vI!
(

socket(

socket!nC!

soda(

soda!nU!

sodium(

sodium!nU!

soda(water!nCU!!see!
also!@!water(
(

sofa(

sofa!nC!

533!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

soft!adj!!not!hard!
soft!adj!!gentle!

soft!adj!!music,!
lights,!colours,!etc!

softly!adv!

soften!vIT!

softball!nU!!see!also!@!
1(
ball

soft !!nonLalcoholic!

soft!adj!

software(

software!nU(

softened!adj!
softener!nC!
softness!nU!
soft(drink!nC!!see!
also!@!drink(
(

soil(

soil!nCU!

solar(

solar!adj!

solar(system!nU!!see!
also!@!system(

soldier(

soldier!nC!

sole!!only;!!see!also!
@!solitary(
solemn(

sole!adj!

solely!adv!

solar(energy!nU!!see!
also!@!energy(
solar(panel!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!panel
soldier(on!phr!v!!
persist!
(

solemnity!nU!

solicit(

solicitor(

solicitor!nC!esp!Brit!

solemn!adj!
solemnly!adv!
solicit!vT!formal!
unsolicited!neg!adj!
(

solid(

solid!nC!
solidarity!nU!

solitary!!see!also!@!
sole(
solo(

solid!adj!!not!liquid!
or!gas!
solid!adj!!hard;!opp.!
hollow!
(

solo!nC!

solitary!adj!
solitude!nU(
(

solidly!adv!
solidify!vI!
solidification!nU!
solidity!nU!
(

solve!vT!
solution!nC!!answer!

soft !!opp.!hard!

solve/solution

1!

(
(

solo!adj!
solo!adv!
soloist!nC!
solvable!adj!
insoluble!neg!adj!
unsolved!neg!adj!

534!

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solution !!liquid;!!see!
also!@!dissolve(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

solution!nCU!

solvent!nCU!

soluble!adj!

dissolve!vI!!turn!into!
a!solution!

some(

some!det,!pron,!adv!
somebody!pron!
someone!pron!
something!pron!
sometimes!adv!
somewhere!adv!

(
sometime!adv!

(
(

(
(

(
someplace!adv!Am!
informal!

son(

son!nC!
(

(
somehow!adv!!in!
some!way!
somehow!adv!!for!
some!reason!
something(else!!see!
also!@!else(
somewhat!adv!
(
grandson!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!grand

(
(

(
(

(
(

(
son;in;law!nC!!see!also!
2(
@!law

song!!see!also!@!sing( song!nC!

folksong!nC!!see!also!@!
folk(

soon(

as(soon(as(
as(soon(as(possible(

soon!adv!!within!a!
short!time!

X(

solubility!nU!
insoluble!neg!adj!
dissolve!vT!!legally!
end!marriage,!etc!
dissolution!nU!!legal!
end!of!marriage,!etc!
(
someday!adv!
(or(something(
some(other(time!!see!
2(
also!@!time

(
foster(son!nC!!see!
also!@!foster(
godson!nC!!see!also!
@!god(
son;of;a;bitch!nC!esp!
Am!offensive!!see!
also!@!bitch(
birdsong!nU!!see!also!
@!bird(
songwriter!nC!!see!
also!@!write/writer(
the(sooner(the(
better(
sooner(or(later!!see!
1(
also!@!late
no(sooner((than(
would(sooner((
than(

535!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

sophisticated(

sophisticated!adj!

sophistication!nU!

sore!!painful!

sore!adj!

sore!nC!

sorry!adj!!sad!

sorrow!nU!

sorry!adj!!regretful,!
apologetic!
(Im)(sorry!!exclam!!
apology!
sort!nC!

sort !!separate!

sort!vT!!separate!

assorted!adj!
assortment!nC(

soul(

soul!nC!!spirit!

soul!nC!oldJ
fashioned!!person!

sound!nC!!noise,!etc!
sound!nU!!volume!
sound!vT!

sorry /sorrow!!sad!
sorry !!apology,!
regret!

sort !!type!

sound !!noise,!etc!

X(

unsophisticated!neg!
adj!
soreness!nU!
eyesore!nC!!see!also!
@!eye(
sorrowful!adj!
sorrowfully!adv!
(

all(sorts(
of(a(sort/of(sorts(
sort(of(
sorted!adj!
sort(out!phr!v!!
separate,!tidy!up!
sort(out!phr!v!Brit!!
deal!with!
soulless!neg!adj!
soul;destroying!adj!!
see!also!@!destroy(
soul(mate!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!mate
soul(music!nU!!see!
also!@!music(
soul;searching!adj!!
see!also!@!search(
keep(body(and(soul(
together!!see!also!@!
body(
soundproof!adj!
soundproof!vIT!
soundproofing!nU!!

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B2(

C1(

C2(

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3

see!also!@!proof (
sound(barrier!nU!!
see!also!@!barrier(
soundbite!nC!!see!
also!@!bite(
sound(off!phr!v!!give!
ones!opinion!
forcefully!
sound(out!phr!v!!ask!
sbs!opinion!
sounding!n!usu!pl!
unsound!neg!adj!
safe(and(sound(
(

sound !!seem!

sound!vI!

sound !!not!
damaged,!effective!
soup(

sound!adj!

soup!nCU!

sour(

sour!adj!

source(

source!nC!

sourness!nU!
sour!vIT!
source!vT!

south(

south!nU!
south!adv!
south!adj!
(

southern!adj!

South(Pole!nU!!see!
2!
also!@!pole

southerly!adj!
southernmost!adj!
go(south(
(

souvenir(

southeast/south;
east!nU/adj!
southeastern!adj!
southwest/south;
west!nU/adj!
southwestern!adj!
(

southward/(
southwards!adv!!see!
2(
also!@!ward
(

souvenir!nC!

sovereign(

sovereign!adj!

sow(

sovereign!nC!formal!!
monarch!
sovereignty!nU!
(

sow!vT!

spa(

spa!nC!

537!

headword(

A1(

A2(

space!nU!!emptiness,! (
empty!area!

space!nU!

spade !!card!suit!!

space !!emptiness!

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

space!nC!!vacant!
(
area,!e.g.!for!parking,!
in!printing,!etc!
spacecraft!nC!!see!
spaceship!nC!!see!
2!
1(
also!@!craft
also!@!ship

spatial!adj!

space!vT!
spacious!adj!

spacing!nU!
spatially!adv!

spade!nC!

space(shuttle!nC!!see!
also!@!shuttle(
space(station!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!station
(

spade!nC!

spaghetti(

spaghetti!nU!

span(

spare!!extra!

spare!adj!
spare!nC!!sth!extra,!
e.g.!spare!wheel!

spare!vT!!give!sth,!
esp!time,!money!

span!nC!
span!vT!
lifespan!nC!!see!also!
@!life(
(

spark/sparkle(

spark!nC!
spark!vT!

speak/spoken!!see!
1
also!@!speech ,!
2
speech (

speak!vI!!say!
speak!vT!!know!a!
language!

speaker!nC!!sb!who!
speaks!

sparkle!vI!
sparkle!nU!
sparkling!adj!
speaker!nC!!
loudspeaker!

spare(time!nU!!see!
1(
also!@!time
spare(no(effort!!see!
also!@!effort(
spare(ribs!n!pl!!see!
also!@!rib(
spare(tyre!nC!Brit/!
spare(tire!nC!Am!!see!
2(
also!@!tyre/tire
spare(wheel!nC!!see!
also!@!wheel(
(

space !!cosmos!

spade !!shovel!

speaking!nU!
speaking!adj!
unspeakable!neg!adj!
unspeakably!neg!adv!
unspoken!neg!adj!

538!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

spear(

special(

specialist!nC!
specialist!adj!

specialize!vI!
specially!adv!

speciality!nC!Brit/(
specialty!nC!Am!
specialized!adj!

specialization!nCU!

species(

special!adj!!opp.!
(
ordinary!
special!adj!!particular!
especially!adv!
species!nC!
(

speak(for/against!
phr!v!!argue!for/!
against!sth/sb!
speak(of!phr!v!!
mention!
speak(out/up!phr!v!!
speak!louder,!protest!
speak(out(of(turn!!
2(
see!also!@!turn
plain;spoken/plain;
speaking!adj!!see!
1!
also!@!plain
spear!vI!
spearhead!nC!
spearhead!vT!
(

specific/specify(

specific!adj!

specifically!adv!
specify!vT!

specified!adj!

specification(

specification!nC!

specific!nC!
unspecified!neg!adj!
specificity!nU!
(

specimen(

specimen!nC!

spec!nC!abbrev!
informal!
(

spectacle/spectator(

spectacular!adj!

spectacularly!adv!

spectrum(

spectrum!n!sing!

spectacle!nC!
spectator!nC!
(

speculate(

speculation!nCU!!
consideration!

speculate!vIT!

speculative!adj!

speculation!nU!!
financial!
speculator!nC!

spokesman/woman! (
3
nC!!see!also!@!man /!
2(
woman
(
(

outspoken!adj(
loudspeaker!nC!!see!
also!@!loud!
spear!nC!

539!

headword(
1

speech !!oratory;!!
see!also!@!speak(
2
speech !!ability!to!
speak;!see!also!@!
speak(
speed(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

speech!nC!

speech!nU!

figure(of(speech!nC!!see!
5(
also!@!figure

speed!nCU!

speed(limit!nC!!see!
also!@!limit!

speed!vI!

speedy!adj!

spell!vT!

spelling!nU!

speechless!neg!adj!
part(of(speech!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!part
speed(up!phr!v!
speeding!adj!
speeding!nU!
high;speed!adj!
speedboat!nC!!see!
also!@!boat(
speedometer!nC!!see!
also!@!meter(
spell(out!phr!v!

spell !!period!of!time!

spell!nC!

spend(

spend!vIT!!money!

spend!vIT!!time!

spending!nU!

spender!nC!

sperm(

sperm!nCU!

sphere(

sphere!nC!

hemisphere!nC!

sperm;count!nC!!see!
also!@!count(
spherical!adj!

spice(

spice!nCU!
spicy!adj!

spider(

spider!nC!

spike(

spike!nC!

spill(

spill!vT!

spill!nC!

spell !!in!writing!

spiced!adj!
spice!vT!
spice(up!phr!v!
spidery!adj!
spiky!adj!
spike!vT!
spilled!adj!
spill(out!phr!v!
spill(over!phr!v!
spillway!nC!!see!also!
3(
@!way
spill(the(beans!!idiom!
see!also!@!bean(

540!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

spin(

spin!vI!

spin!nCU!

spinach(

spinach!nU!

spine!!backbone!

spine!nC!!!backbone!

spinal!adj!

spiral/spire(

spiral!nC!

spirit!nCU!

spirit!nC!

spiritual!adj!

spirit!nC!

spit!vI!
spit!nU!

spit!vI!!fig!!rain!lightly!

spite!nU!
!

spite /despite(

despite!prep(

in(spite(of!prep(

splash(

splendid(

split(

splendid!adj!
splendid!!!exclam!
split!vIT!!crack!
split!vT!!divide,!

splash!vI!
splash!nC!
splendour!nU!Brit/!
splendor!nU!Am!
split!adj!

spirit !!attitude,!
morale,!liveliness,!
etc!
2
spirit !!soul,!ghost,!
etc!
3
spirit !!alcoholic!
drink!
spit(

spite !illLwill!

X(

spinner!nC!
spin(out!phr!v!!
prolong!
in(a(spin!idiom!
(
spine!nC!!of!book,!
etc!
spiral!adj!
spiral!vI!
spire!nC!
spirited!adj!
spiritless!neg!adj!
in(high/low(spirits(
spiritually!adv!
spirituality!nU!
(
spittle!nU!
spit(sth(out!phr!v!!
speak!openly!
spiteful!adj!
spitefully!adj!
cut(off(your(nose(to(
spite(your(face!idiom!!
see!also!@!face,(
nose(
(
(
splendidly!adv!
split(up!phr!v!!divide,!
separate!

541!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

separate!
split!nC!

X(

split(hairs!idiom/!
hair;splitting!adj!!see!
also!@!hair(
spoiled/spoilt!adj!
unspoiled/unspoilt!
neg!adj!
spoiled/spoilt!adj!
(

spoil !!ruin!

spoil!vT!

spoil !!give!too!much!
attention,!esp.!to!a!
child!
spoken!!see!also!@!
speak(

spoil!vT!

spokesperson!nC!!
see!also!@!person(

spoken!adj!
outspoken!adj(

sponge!!for!washing!

spokesman!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!man
spokeswoman!nC!!
2(
see!also!@!woman
(

sponge!nCU!

sponge!vT!!wipe!clean!

unspoken!neg!adj!
plain;spoken/plain;
speaking!adj!!see!
1!
also!@!plain
(

sponsor(

sponsor!vT!

sponsor!nC!

sponsorship!nU!

sponsored!adj!

spontaneous(

spontaneous!adj!

spontaneously!adv!

spontaneity!nU!

spoon(

spoon!nC!

spoon!vT!
spoonful!nC!
sporty!adj!
sportsmanship!nU!!
3(
see!also!@!man
sports(car!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!car
(

sporting!adj!

sport!vT!

sport(!nC!

spot!nC!

spotlight!nC!!see!also! (
1
@!light (

spot!nC!

sport !!wear,!show!
sth!publicly!
1
spot !!particular!
place!

spot !!small!patch,!
mark!
!

tablespoon nC!!see!
1!
also!@!table
sportsman!nC!!see!
3
also!@!man (
sportswoman!nC!!
2(
see!also!@!woman

sport !!games,!etc!

teaspoon!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!tea
sports(centre!nC!
sportsground!nC!!see!
2(
Brit/(sportscenter!nC! also!@!ground
Am!!see!also!@!
(
2!
centre/(center

on(the(spot!!
immediately;!at!that!
place!
beauty(spot!nC!!see!
also!@!beauty(
spotted!adj!
spotless!neg!adj!

542!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

spot!nC!

spotty!adj!

spot !!notice!

spot!vT!

spouse(

spouse!nC!

spousal!adj!

spray(

spread(

spread!vI!

spray!vIT!
spray!nCU!
(

spread!n!sing!

spreadsheet!nC!!see!
also!@!spread(

spring!nCU!

spring !!jump!

springtime!nU!!see!
1(
also!@!time
(

spring!vI!

spring !!coil!

spring!nC!

sprinkle(

sprinkle!vT!

spy(

squad/squadron(

spy!nC!
spy!vI!
(

squad!nC!

squadron!nC!

square!nC!!fourLsided! (
shape!
square!adj!
square!nC!!open!
space!in!town!
(
(

hairspray!nU!!see!
also!@!hair(
spread(out!phr!v!
widespread!adj!!see!
also!@!wide(
spring;clean!viT,!nU!!
see!also!@!clean(
spring(from/out/up!
phr!v!
springy!adj!!
springboard!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!board
sprinkle!nC!
sprinkler!nC!
sprinkling!nCU!
spyhole!nC!Brit!!see!
also!@!hole(
firing(squad!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!fire
(

square!vT!

squash(vT!
squash!nC!
squat!vI!

spot !!inflammation!

spring !!season!

square !!fourLsided!
shape!

square !!
mathematics!
squash(
1

squat !!crouch!
!

square!n!usu!sing!
square(root!nC!
squashed!adj!
(

543!

headword(
2

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

squat !!occupy!
property!without!
consent!
squeeze(

squat!vI!

squat!nC!
squatter!nC!

squirrel(

squeeze!vIT!
squeeze!nC!
(

squirrel!nC!

stab(

stab!vT!
stab!nC!

stable!adj!

stable !!horse!
accommodation!
stack(

stability!nU!
stabilize!vIT!
stable!nC!

unstable!neg!adj!
instability!nU!
(

squirrel(away!phr!v!!
hide!
stabbing!adj!
stabbing!nCU!
stab(in(the(back!v/nC!!
2!
see!also!@!back
destabilize!vT!

stadium(

stadium!nC!

stack!nC!
stack!vT!
(

staff!!workers!

staff!nU!

staff!vT!

stag(

stag!nC!

stage !!point!in!a!
series!
2
stage !!in!theatre!

stage!nC!

stage!nC!

stage!vT!!put!on!a!
play!

stagger!!walk!
unsteadily!
stain(

stagger!vI!

stain!vIT!
stain!nC!

stainless!neg!adj!

stable !!unchanging!

stablemate!nC!!see!
also!@!mate(
chimneystack!nC!!
see!also!@!chimney(
(
staffer!nC!esp!Am!
staffing!nU!
stag(party!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!party
stage(coach!nC!!see!
also!@!coach(
onstage!adv!
offstage!adv!
backstage!adv/adj!
stagger!nC!
stained!adj!
bloodstain!nC!
bloodstained!adj!!
see!also!@!blood(

544!

headword(

stair(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

staircase!nC!!see!also!
3(
@!case
(

stained(glass!nU!!see!
1(
also!@!glass
stainless(steel!nU!!
see!also!@!steel(
(

stake!nC!

stair!nC!

stake !!share!in!sth,!
esp.!business!
2
stake !!bet!

downstairs!adj/adv!
upstairs!adj/adv!
(

stake!vT!

stale(

stale!adj!

stakeholder!nC!!see!
also!@!hold/holder(
stake!nC!
at(stake(
staleness!nU!

stall!nC!Brit!

stall!vIT!

stamp !!postage!
stamp!
2
stamp !!with!foot!

stamp!nC!

stamp!vIT!
stamp!nC!

stance(

stance!nC!

postage(stamp!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!post
stamp(on!phr!v!
stamp(out!phr!v!!end!
sth!
(

stand!vI!!remain!
upright!
stand!vI/stand(up!
phr!v!!get!to!ones!
feet!

stand(in(line!Am!!see!
1
also!@!line ,(queue(

stand!vIT!!be!
situated;!cause!to!be!
situated!

standstill!n!sing!!see!
2
also!@!still (

stand!nC!

standpoint!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!point

stall !!market!stand!
stall !!delay!
1

stand !!remain!
upright!

stand !!attitude,!
stance!
!

stand!nC!!place!
where!people!stand,!
e.g.!at!sports!ground!
stand(still!!see!also!
2(
@!still
at(a(standstill(
witness(stand!nC!esp!
Am!!see!also!@!
(
witness
(

545!

headword(
3

stand !!phrasal!
verbs,!!nouns,!etc!!!

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

outstanding!adj!!
remarkable!

X(

stand(against!phr!v!!
run!in!an!election!
against!sb!
stand(back!phr!v!!
take!no!part!in!sth!
stand(by!phr!v!!stand!
and!watch!
bystander!nC!!sb!
who!stands!and!
watches!
stand(by!phr!v!!
support!
stand(by!phr!v!!wait!
ready!
standby!nC!!reserve!
stand(down!phr!v!!
resign!
stand(for(phr!v!!
signify,!represent!
stand(for!phr!v!!run!
in!an!election!
stand(in(for!phr!v!!
deputise,!substitute!
stand;in!nC!!
substitute!
stand(out!phr!v!!be!
remarkable!
stand(out(for/(
against!phr!v!!
demand!that!sth!
should/should!not!be!
stand(up(for!phr!v!!
support!sb/sth!
stand(up(to!phr!v!!

546!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

(
4

stand !!tolerate!

standard!nCU!

standard !!normal!

standing!!reputation!

resist!
(

stand(for!phr!v!!
allow,!tolerate!
(

stand!vT!
cant(stand(sb/sth(
(

standard!adj!

standardized!adj!

standing!nU!

standard(of(living!nC!!
see!also!@!life/(
living(
standardize!vT!
standardization!nU!
(

standpoint!nC!!see!
1
2(
also!@!point ,!stand
(

staple!nC!

star!nC!!in!the!sky!

star!nC!!sth!starL
shaped!

star !!main!actor!

superstar!nC!

stare(

stare!vI!

star!nC!
film/movie(star!nC!!
1
see!also!@!film ,!
movie(
star!vI!
stare!nC!

stark(

stark!adj!

starkly!adv!

1(

start!vIT!!begin!
start!nC!

starter!nC!!race!
starter!

starter!nC!!first!course!
of!menu!

startle!vT!

start(off!phr!v!
start(up!phr!v!
start;up!nC!
to(start(with(
startled!adj!

standard !!level,!
quality,!etc!

standpoint!!

standstill((see!also!@!
1
2
stand ,(still (
staple!!metal!
fastener!

star !!in!sky!

start

start /(startle(
!

standstill!n!sing!!

stand(still!!!
at(a(standstill(
staple!vT!
stapler!nC!
staple(gun!nC!!see!
also!@!gun(
starry!adj!
starlight!nU!!see!also!
1(
@!light
star!adj!
stardom!nU!
starring!adj!

547!

headword(

starve(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

startling!adj!
start!vI!!move!
suddenly!
start!n!usu!sing!
(

starve!vI!

state!nC!

state!nC!
state!adj!

statesman!nC!!see!also!
3(
@!man

state!vT!
statement!nC!

state !!province!

state!nC!esp!Am!

static(

static!adj!

interstate!adj!esp!Am!
statewide!adj!
(

station!nC!

stationmaster!nC!!
see!also!@!master(

bus(station!nC!!see!
(
also!@!bus(
railway(station!nC!
Brit/!railroad(station!
nC!Am!!see!also!@!
1
rail (
train(station!nC!esp!
1(
Am!!see!also!@!train
station!nC!
(

state !!condition!

state !!country!

state !!say,!express!

station !!railway,!
bus,!etc!

station !!radio,!TV,!
!

starvation!nU!
starving!adj!
(

X(

state(of(affairs!n!sing!!
see!also!@!affair(
state(of(mind!nC!!see!
also!@!mind(
statesmanship!nU!!
3(
see!also!@!man
state(school!nC!esp!
Am!!see!also!@!
school(
stated!adj!
overstate!vT!
overstatement!nCU!
understate!vT!
understated!adj!
understatement!nCU!
(
(

548!

headword(

etc!
3
station !!workplace!

A1(

A2(

station!nC!

B1(

B2(

police(station!nC!!see! (
also!@!police(

C1(

X(

workstation!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!work

station!vT!usu!passive!
fire(station!nC!esp!Brit!!
1
see!also!@!fire (

stationary!adj!

C2(

polling(station!nC!!
see!also!@!poll/(
polling(
space(station!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!space
service(station!nC!!
2(
see!also!@!service
power(station!nC!!
2
see!also!@!station (

station !!petrol,!etc!

stationary(

petrol(station!nC!Brit!! (
see!also!@!petrol(
gas(station!nC!Am!!
2!
see!also!@!gas
(
(

stationery(

stationery!nU!

stationer!nC!

statistic(

statistical!adj!

statistically!adv!

statistician!nC!

statue(

statistic!nC!
statistics!nU!
statue!nC!

stature(

stature!nU!

statuette!nC!
statuesque!adj!
(

status(

status!nCU!

status(quo!n!sing!

statute(

statute!nC!

statutory!adj!

stay!

stay(vI!!remain!

stay!vI!!continue!
stay!vI!!live!
temporarily!

stay!nC!!time!living!
somewhere!

steady(

steady!adj!

steadily!adv!

steady!vIT!

stay(behind/on!phr!v!!
remain!when!others!
have!gone!
stay(put!!not!move;!!
see!also!@!put(
stay(up!phr!v!!not!go!
to!bed;!remain!in!the!
air!
unsteady!neg!adj!
unsteadily!neg!adv!

549!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

steak(

steak!nCU!

steal/stolen(

steal!vIT!

stolen!adj!

steam(

steam!nU!

steam!vI!

steel(

steel!nU!

steep(

steep!adj!!inclined!

steer(

steeply!adv!
!
(

stem!nC!!of!plant!

steep!adj!!overpriced!
(
steer!vIT!
steering!nU!
steering(wheel!nC!!
see!also!@!wheel(
(

steamed!adj!
steaming!adj!
steamy!adj!
steamer!nC!
steamship!
steamer!nC!!cooking!
utensil!
steam(engine!nC!!see!
also!@!engine(
steamship!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!ship
steely!adj!
stainless(steel!nU!!
see!also!@!stain(
steepness!nU!

stem!vT!

step!nC!!pace!

step!vI!!walk!

step!nC!!stair,!rung,!
etc!

footstep!nC!!see!also!
1
@!foot (

doorstep!nC!!see!also!@! in(step/out(of(step(
door(
step(aside!phr!v!
step(down!phr!v!lit:!
take!a!step!
downwards!
step(down!phr!v!!fig:!!

stem !!part!of!plant!

stem !!stop!spread,!
growth!of!sth!
1
step !!pace,!part!of!
ladder!

steer(clear!!see!also!
4(
@!clear

stem!nC!!fig:!!of!
glass,!etc!
stem(from!phr!v!!
(

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

step !!stage!in!a!
series!
3
step /step;(

step!nC!

stereo(

stereotype(

stereo!nC!
stereo!adj!
(

stereotype!nC!

sterile(

sterile!adj!

sterling(

stern(

sterling!adj!
sterling!nU!
pound(sterling!nU!!
1!
see!also!@!pound
(

stern!adj!

X(

leave!a!job,!etc!
step(in!phr!v!!
intervene!
step(up!phr!v!!
increase!
stepping(stone!nC!!
see!also!@!stone(
step(by(step((
step;brother/sister!
nC!!see!also!@!
brother/sister(
step;mother/father/!
parent(nC!!see!also!
@!mother/father/(
parent(
step;son/daughter!
nC!!see!also!@!son/(
daughter(
(
stereotypical!adj!
stereotype!vT!
stereotyping!nU!
sterility!nU!
sterilize!vT!
sterilization!nU!
sterilized!adj!
(

sternly!adv!
sternness!nU!

551!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

stew(

stew!nCU!

steward/stewardess(

stewardess!nC!

steward!nC!

stick!vT!

stick!vI/stick(to!phr!v!! sticky!adj!
glue,!attach!firmly!
stick!vI!!jam!

sticker!nC!

sticking!adj!

lipstick!nC!!see!also!@!
lip(

stick!nC!!short!
branch!
stick!nC!!rod!
stiff!adj!!rigid!

stiff!adj!informal!!
overpriced!

stick !!push!sth!into!
sth!

stick !!attach,!glue,!
etc!

stick !!length!of!
wood,!etc!
stiff !!rigid!

stiff !!overpriced!

X(

stew!vIT!
stewed!adj!
stewardship!nU!
stick(sth(in/into!phr!
v!
stick(out!phr!v!!
protrude!
stick(out(for!phr!v!!
demand!
stick(around!phr!v!!
not!leave!
stick(at!phr!v!!persist!
stick(by(sb!phr!v!!
continue!to!support!
stick(to/with(sth!phr!
v!!not!change!
stick(together!phr!v!!
remain!friends!
stick(up(for!phr!v!!
support!
sticking(plaster!nC!
Brit!!see!also!@!
2
plaster (
walking(stick!nC!!see!
(
also!@!walk
(
stiff!adj!informal!!
strongly!alcoholic!
stiffen!vIT!
stiffness!nU!
(

552!

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stifle(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

stifle!vT!

still!adv!!ongoing!

still!adv!!even!more,!
etc!
(

stifled!adj!
stifling!adj!
(

still!adj!

still !!despite!

still!adv!

still!nU!
stillness!nU!
standstill!n!sing!!see!
1(
also!@!stand
(

still!vT!
stand(still!!see!also!
1(
@!stand
at(a(standstill(
(

stimulus(

stimulation!nU!

sting(

stimulated!adj!
stimulating!adj!
stinging(nettle!nC!

stink(

sting!vIT!!of!insect,!
plant,!etc!
sting!vIT!!physical,!
mental!pain!
sting!nC!
(

stimulus!nCU!
stimulate!vT!
(

stinking!adj!informal!

stir!vIT!!!

stink!vI!informal!
stink!nCU!informal!
(

stir!nC!

stir!vI!!wake!up!

stir!vT!excite(

stock!nC!

stitch!nC!
stitch!vT!
stock!vT!
in(stock(
out(of(stock(

stock!nC!

stirring!adj!
stir(up!phr!v!
stitching!nU!
stitch(sb(up!phr!v!
stockist!nC!Brit!
stockpile!nC!
stockpile!vT!!see!also!
@!pile(
stock(up!phr!v!
stockbroker!nC!!see!
also!@!broker(
stock(exchange!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!change

still !!ongoing!
still !!unmoving!

stir ((agitate!with!
spoon,!etc(
2
stir !!move,!excite,!
etc!
stitch(
stock !!store,!supply!!
of!sth!

stock !!business:!!
stocks!and!shares!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

stocking(

stocking!nC!

stock(market!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!market
(

stolen!!see!also!@!
steal(
stomach(

stolen!adj!

stomach!nC!

stomach!vT!!tolerate!

stone(

stone!nU!!rock!
stone!nC!!pebble,!
boulder,!etc!
(

stone!nC!!hard!seed!
in!fruit!

stomach(ache!nCU!!
see!also!@!ache(
(

stony!adj!

limestone!nU!!see!also!
2(
@!lime
milestone!nC!!see!also!
@!mile(
sandstone!nU!!see!also!
@!sand(

stool!!chair!

stool!nC!

stomach(pump!nC!!
see!also!@!pump(
stone(vT!
cornerstone!nC!!see!
also!@!corner(
gemstone!nC!!see!
also!@!gem(
paving(stone!nC!esp!
Brit!
gravestone!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!grave
grindstone!nC!!see!
(
also!@!grind
hailstone!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!hail
kerbstone!nC!Brit/!
curbstone!nC!Am!!
see!also!@!
curb/kerb(
stepping(stone!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!step
tombstone!nC!!see!
also!@!tomb(
(

stoop(

stop!vIT!

stop!nC!!stopping!
point,!e.g.!bus!stop!

stop!nC!!pause!
during!a!journey!

stoop!vI!
stoop!nC!
(

stoppage(!nC!
stopper!nC!

stop !!halt!
!

554!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

bus(stop!nC!!see!also!
@!bus(

stop !!prevent!

stop!vT(

store!nC!!storage!
place!

store!vT!
storage!nU!
store!nC!!supply!of!
sth!

store!nC!!shop,!often!
large(

drugstore!nC!Am!!
1!
see!also!@!drug

bookstore!nC!esp!Am! (
1(
see!also!@!book

storm!nC!

department(store!nC!!
see!also!@!
department(
grocery!nC!Brit/!
grocery(store!nC!Am!!
(
see!also!@!grocer
storey!nC!Brit/story!
nC!Am!
rainstorm!nC!!see!
also!@!rain(
snowstorm!nC!!see!
also!@!snow(
thunderstorm!nC!!
see!also!@!thunder(

stormy!adj!

store !!place!for!
storing!things!

store !!shop!

storey/story !!floor!
of!building!
1
storm !!bad!weather!

X(

non;stop!adj!
stop(behind!phr!v!!
not!leave,!remain!
stop(by!phr!v!!visit!
stop(in!phr!v!!remain!
indoors!
stop(off/over!phr!v!!
side!trip!during!a!
journey!
stopover!nC!
stop(watch!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!watch
come(to(a(stop(
unstoppable!neg!adj!
put(a(stop(to(sth(
in(store(
storehouse!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!house
storeroom!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!room
storekeeper!nC!esp!
Am!!see!also!@!
2
keep (/keeper(

multi;storey(car(park(
2(
nC!!see!also!@!park
hailstorm!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!hail

555!

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2

storm !!attack!

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

storm!vT!

storming!nC(

story!nC!!fictional!
account,!anecdote!

story!nC!!report!of!
events!

short(story!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!short

story /storey((floor!
of!building(
stout(

story!nC!Am/storey!
nC!Brit!
(

storybook!adj!!see!
1(
also!@!book
storyteller!nC!!
storytelling!nU!!!see!
also!@!tell(
(

stout!adj!

stove(

stove!nC!

straight!adj!!not!
curved!or!bent!
straight(on!adv!!
without!turning!

straighten!vIT!

straight!adv!
straightaway!adv!
(

straight!adj!!honest!
go(straight!phr!v!!
remain!honest!
straight!nC!!straight!
section,!e.g.!on!race!
track!
straight(face!nC!
tell(sb(straight(

straightforward!adj!

strain!!stress,!tension! (

strain!vIT!

strained!adj!

strait!!

strain!nCU!!physical!
tension!
strain!nCU!!mental!
stress!
(

strait!nC!!water!channel!

strand!nC!

straits!n!pl!!difficult!
circumstances!
straitened!adj!
(

strange(

strange!adj!

strangely!adv!

strangeness!nU!

stranger(

stranger!nC!

estrange!vT!
estrangement!nU!

story !!account!of!
events!

straight !!opp.!bent!

straight ((directly,!
immediately!
straightforward!

strand!!thread

stoutly!adv!
stoutness!nU(
!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

strap(

strategy(

strategy!nC!

strategic!adj!

strap!nC!
strap!vT!
(

straw(

straw!nCU!

strawberry(

stray(

strawberry!nC!!see!
also!@!berry(
(

streak(

stream !!flow!

street(

C2(

X(

estranged!adj!
(
(

strategically!adv!
strategist!nC!
(

stray!vI!

streak!nC!

stream!nC!!small!
river!
(

stream!vI!
stream!nC!!flow!of!
people,!things!

street!nC!

strength!!see!also!@!
strong(

strength!nU!!physical!
strength!

strengthen!vT!

strenuous(

strenuous!adj!

stray!adj!
stray!nC!
streak!vI!
streaky!adj!
downstream!adv!
upstream!adv!
streaming!adj!
bloodstream!nU!!see!
also!@!blood(
downstream(!adj!
upstream(adj!
high(street!n!sing!
Brit!
main(street!n!sing!
Am!
streetcar!nC!!see!also!
2!
@(car
strength!nCU!!moral,!
emotional,!etc!
strength!nU!!
intensity!
in(strength(
strenuously!adv!

stress!nCU!

stressed!adj!
stressful!adj!

stress!vI!informal!
stress(out!phr!v!

stream !!small!river!

stress !!worry!
!

last(straw!n!sing!

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A1(

A2(

stress !!emphasize!

stretch(

stretch!vT!!make!
longer!
stretch!vI!!extend,!
reach!

strict !!exact!

B1(

B2(

stress!vT!
stress!nCU!
(

stride(

C1(

C2(

X(

stressed!adj!

stretch!nC!!stretching! (
movement!

strict!adj!

stretch!vT!!damage!
by!stretching!
stretchy!adj!
stretch(oneself!!
physically,!mentally,!
financially,!etc!
stretch!nC!!distance!
stretch!nC!!length!of!
time!
outstretched!adj!
strictness!nU!

strictly!adv!

strict!adj!

stride!nC!!pace!
stride!vI!

strike!vIT!formal!!hit!
sth!

strike!vT!!bell,!clock,!
etc!
strike!vT!!light!a!
match!
strike!vT!!find!gold,!
luck,!etc!

strike !!industrial!
stoppage!
3
strike !!think!
suddenly!

striker!nC!

strike!nC!
strike!vI!
(

strikingly!adv!

string(

string!nCU!!thin!rope!

striking!adj!!
interesting,!
attractive!
(

stride!nC!!advance!
take(sth(in(ones(
stride!idiom!
strike!nC!!attack!
airstrike!nC!!see!also!
2(
@!air
strike(out!phr!v!!hit!
out!
stricken!adj!formal!
poverty;stricken!adj!!
see!also!@!poverty!
striking!nU!
on(strike(
strike!vT!

strict !!disciplined!

strike !!hit;!!see!also!
@!stroke(

string!vT!

string!nC!!series!
stringy!adj!
shoestring!nC/on(a(

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

strip!vIT!!remove!
clothes,!etc!

strip !!long,!thin!
piece!of!paper,!etc!
stripe(

strip!nC!

stripe!nC!

striped!adj!

shoestring!!see!also!
@!shoe(
pull(the(strings(
string(sb(along!phr!v!!
deceive!sb!
string(up!phr!v!!kill!by!
hanging!
strip!vT!!remove!
privileges,!title,!etc!
strip(off!phr!v!
stripped!adj!
stripper!nC!!sb!who!
removes!clothes!
stripper!nC!!sth!to!
remove!paint,!etc!
strip(club!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!club
striptease!nU!!see!
also!@!tease(
airstrip!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!air
stripy!adj!

strive(

strive!vI!

stroke!nC!

stroke !!blow,!hit;!!
1!
see!also!@!strike
stroll(

stroke!nC!

stroke!vT!
stroke!nC!
(

brushstroke!nC!!see!
also!@!brush(
(

stroll!vI!
stroll!nC!

strong!!see!also!@!

strong!adj!!opp.!

strongly!adv!

strip !!remove!!

stroke !!medical!
condition!
2
stroke !!caress!
3

stroller!nC!Am!!!
pushchair;!see!also!
@!push,(chair!
stronghold!nC!

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strength(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

weak!
strong!adj!!durable!
strong!adj!!intense!
1

infrastructure!nU!

restructure!vT!
restructuring!nU!
(

strongroom!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!room
headstrong!adj!!see!
1(
also!@!head
structured!adj!
structurally!adv!
(

struggling!adj!

stubborn!adj!

study!nC!!academic!
paper!
study!nC!!workroom!

studio!nC!!artists!
work!room!

stubbornly!adv!
stubbornness!nU!
studious!adj!
studiously!adv!
studiousness!nU!
studied!adj!
case(study!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!case
(

structure !!way!sth!is!
built,!organized,!etc!
2
structure !!building!

structure!nCU!

structural!adj!

structure!vT!

structure!nC!

struggle(

stubborn(

struggle!vI!
struggle!nC!
(

student/study(

study!nCU!!academic!
research,!etc!
study!vIT!
student!nC!

studio(

stuff!nU!informal!

studio!nC!!place!
where!films,!TV!
programmes,!etc!are!
made!
(

stuff !!fill!

stuff!vT!

stumble(

stumble!vI!

stun(

stun!vT!
stunning!adj!!very!

stuff !!things!

X(

foodstuff!nC!!see!
also!@!food(
stuffed!adj!
stuffing!nU!
stumble(across/on/(
upon!phr!v!!find!by!
chance!
stumbling(block!nC!!
obstacle;!see!also!@!
2(
block
stunned!adj!
stunningly!adv!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

beautiful!

X(

stun(gun!nC!!see!also!
@!gun(
stupidly!adv!

stupid(

stupid!adj!

stupidity!nU!

sturdy(

sturdy!adj!

sty!!see!@!pig/pigsty(

style!nC!

style!nC!

lifestyle!nCU!!see!
also!@!life(
(

style!nCU!

stylish!adj(

style!nU!

stylish!adj!

hairstyle!nC!!see!also!@!
hair(
styling!nU!

stylistic!adj!
stylistics!nU!
style(sheet!nC!!see!
(
also!@!sheet
style!vT!
stylist!nC(
stylishness!nU!

sub;committee!nC!!(

subject!nC!!topic!

subject !!inflict!

subject!nC!!grammar!
subject!nC!!area!of!
study!at!school,!etc!
(

subconscious!nU!
subconsciously!adv!
(

subject!vT!

subject !!under!
control!of!sb/sth!
4
subject /subject(to!!
depending!on!
subjective(

subjection!nU!

subject!adj!
subject!nC!!citizen!
(

subject(to!adj!

subjective!adj!

subjectivity!nU!

submarine!!see!also!
2(
@!marine

submarine!nC!
sub!nC!informal!

submarine!adj!
submariner!nC!

style !!individual!
way,!method,!etc!
2
style ((style!in!art,!
literature,!music,!etc(

style !!fashion/!
design!
4
style !!attractive!
quality!
sub;committee!!see!
@!committee(
subconscious!!see!@!
2
conscious !
1
subject !!topic!

sturdiness!nU!
sturdily!adv!
sty!nC!
pigsty!nC!
!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

submit!!!apply!

subscribe(

subsequent(

subsidiary(

subsidy(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

submit!vT!
submission!nC!
(

unsubscribe!vI!

subsequent!adj!
formal!
subsequently!adv!
(

subscribe!vI!
subscription!nC!
subscriber!nC!
(

subsidy!nC!

subsidiary!nC!
subsidiary!adj!
(

subsidize!vT!

substance(

substance!nC!

subsidized!adj!
unsubsidized!neg!adj!
(

substantial(

substantial!adj!

substantially!adv!

substantive!adj!

substitute(

substitution!nU!

subtle(

substitute!vT!
substitute!nC!
(

subtle!adj!

subtract(

subtract!vIT!

subtly!adv!
subtlety!nCU!
(

suburb!!see!also!@!
urban(
subway(

suburbia!nU!
(
subway!nC!esp!Brit!!
pedestrian!
underpass!

success!nCU!
successful!adj!
(

succeed!vI!

successfully!adv!

suburb!nC!
suburban!adj!
subway!nC!esp!Am!!
underground!
railway;!see!also!@!
2!
way
(

unsuccessful!neg!adj!

unsuccessfully!neg!adv!

succession!n!sing!

succeed!vT!

such!det!!of!that!sort!

such(as!!for!example!

successive!adj!
successor!nC!
such!pron!

such((that(
as(such(

succeed /success!!
opp.!fail/failure!
2
succeed /succession!!
follow!
such(
!

insubstantial!neg!adj!
substantiate!vT!
substantiation!nU!
substitute!adj!

subtraction!nU!

562!

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A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

suck/suction(

suck!vIT!

sudden(

suddenly!adv!

sudden!adj!

sue(

sue!vIT!

suffer!!endure!pain,!
hardship,!etc!

suffer!vIT!

suffering!nCU!

sufferer!nC!

sufficient(

sufficient!adj!

sufficiently!adv!

insufficient!neg!adj!

suffice!vI!

suffix!!see!also!@!
prefix(
sugar(

suffix!nC!

sugar!nU!

suggest(

suggest!vT!!propose!

suggestion!nC!

suggest!vT!!imply!

suggestive!adj!

suicide(

suicide!nCU!

X(

such(and(such(
suchlike!adj,!pron!
suction!nU!
sucker!nC!
suckle!vIT!
suddenness!nU!
all(of(a(sudden!!
suddenly!
(
suffer(from/with!phr!
v!
long;suffering!adj!!
1(
see!also!@!long
insufficiently!neg!
adv!
(
sugar!vT!
sugary!adj!
sugarcane!nU!!see!
also!@!cane(
sugar(daddy!nC!
informal!!see!also!@!
daddy(
sugar;free!adj!!see!
3!
also!@!free
icing(sugar!nU!Brit!!
2(
see!also!@!ice
confectioners(sugar!
nU!Am!
suggested!adj!
suggestively!adv!
suicidal!adj!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

commit(suicide!!see!
1!
also!@!commit
(

suit !!be!appropriate,! (
convenient,!etc!

pesticide!nCU!

suit!vT!!be!
appropriate,!
convenient!
suitable!adj!
suit!nC!
suitcase!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!case

suit!vT!!match,!look!
good!on!sb/sth!

suitability!nU!
suitably!adv!
unsuitable!neg!adj!

track(suit!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!track

X(

suicide(bomber!nC!!
see!also!@!bomb/(
bomber(
fungicide!nCU!
genocide!nU!
herbicide!nCU!
homicide!nCU!
insecticide!nCU!!see!
also!@!insect(
suited!adj!
unsuited!neg!adj!
unsuitably!neg!adv!

suit !!cards!!

suit!nC!

suite(

suite!nC!

sulphur/sulfur(

sulphur!nU!Brit/!
sulfur!nU!Am!

sum!nC!

sulphurous!adj!Brit/!
sulfurous!adj!Am!
sulphuric(acid!nU!
Brit/!sulfuric(acid!nC!
Am!!see!also!@!acid(
(

summarize!vIT!

sum!nC!

sum/sum(up!phr!v!
summary!nC!
(

sum!vT!
in(sum(

suit !!clothes!

sum !!amount!of!
money!
2
sum /sum(up/(
summary(
3
sum !!total!

dinner(suit!nC!!see!
also!@!dinner(
swimsuit!nC!!see!also!
@!swim(
trouser(suit!nC!!see!
also!@!trousers(
follow(suit!!see!also!
1!
@!follow
(

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sum !!mathematical!
problem!
summer(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

sum!nC!

summer!nCU!

summertime!nU!!see!
1(
also!@!time

summit !!top!of!
mountain!
2
summit !!highLlevel!
meeting!
summon(

summit!nC!

summery!adj!
midsummer!nU!!see!
also!@!middle/mid;(
summer(holiday!nC!!
see!also!@!holiday(
(

summit!nC!

summon!vT!

sun(

sun!nCU!
(

sunny!adj!
(

(
sunlight!nU!!see!also!
1!
@!light

(
(

super/superb(

(
sunbathe!vI!
sunbathing!nU!
sunbather!nC!!see!
also!@!bath/bathe(
sunrise!nCU!!see!also!
1(
@!rise
sunset!nCU!!see!also!
6(
@!set
sunshine!nU!!see!
also!@!shine(
super!adj!informal!

superb!adj!

superbly!adv!

superficial(

superintendent(

superintendent!nC!

superficial!adj!
superficially!adv!
(

superior!!see!also!@!
inferior(
supermarket!!see!
1!
also!@!market

superior!adj!

superior!nC!

superiority!nU!

supermarket!nC!

summons!nC!
summons!vT!
summon(up!phr!v!
(
sun!vT/sun(oneself(
sunburn!nU/vI!!!
sunbeam!nC!!see!
2(
sunburnt/sunburned(
also!@!beam
adj!see!also!@!burn(
sunscreen!nCU!!see!
2(
sunglasses!n!pl!!see!also! also!@!screen
@!glasses(
sunflower!nC!!see!
suntan!n!sing!see!also!
also!@!flower(
@!tan(
sunshade!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!shade

superintend!vT!

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B1(

B2(

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C2(

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supernatural!!see!
1!
also!@!natural

supernatural!adj!

supersonic(

supersonic!adj!

supervise(

supervision!nU!

supervise!vIT!
supervisor!nC!

supervisory!adj!

supper(

supper!nC!

supervised!adj!
unsupervised!neg!
adj!
(

supplement(

supplement!vT!

supplement!nC!

supplementary!adj!

supply(

supply!vT!
supply!nC!

supplier!nC!

support(

support!vT!!agree!
with!opinions!or!
policies!
suppose!vT!!believe!
to!be!true!

support!vT!!hold!
upright!
supporter!nC!
(

support!vT!!look!
after,!esp.!financially!

supporting!adj!
supportive!adj!

supposedly!adv!

suppress(

support!vT!!
encourage,!e.g.!
sports!fan!
supposed!adj!
be(supposed(to!!
should,!ought!
(

suppress!vT!

suppression!nU!

supreme(

supreme!adj!

supremacy!nU!

supply(and(demand!
nU!!see!also!@!
2(
demand
in(short(supply(
support!vT!!support!
an!argument,!theory!
unsupported!neg!adj!
suppose/supposing!
if!
supposition!nCU!
suppressed!adj!
unsuppressed!neg!
adj!
supremely!adv!

sure!

sure!adj!

surely!adv!
ensure!vT!

unsure!neg!adj!

for(sure(
sure(enough(

surf(

sure!!!exclam!
make(sure!!see!also!
1(
@!make
(

surf!nU!
surf!vI!

surface(

surface!nC!

surfing!nU!
windsurfing!nU!!see!
1!
also!@!wind
(

surface!vI!

surfboard!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!board
surfer!nC!
surface!adj!

surge(

surge!nC!
surge!vI!

upsurge(!nC!

suppose(

supernaturally!adv!
supernatural/the(
supernatural!nU!
(

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B2(

C1(

C2(

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surgeon/surgery(

surgery!nU!!surgical!
procedure!

surgeon!nC!
surgery!nC!!doctors!
office!

surgical!adj!

surname!!see!also!@!
name(
surpass!!see!also!@!
1(
pass
surplus(

surname!nC!

surgically!adv!
surgery(hours!n!pl!!
see!also!@!hour(
plastic(surgery!nU!
plastic(surgeon!nC!!
2!
see!also!@!plastic
(

surpass!vT!

unsurpassed!neg!adj!

surplus!nCU!

surplus!adj!

surprise(

surprise!nC!
surprised!adj!

surrender(

surprise!vT!
surprising!adj!
surprisingly!adv!
(

surround(

surround!vT!

surround!nC!

surveillance(

surrounding!adj!
surroundings!n!pl!
(

surrender!vI!
surrender!nC!
(

by(surprise(
unsurprised!neg!adj!
unsurprising!neg!adj!
(

surveillance!nU!

survey(

survey!nC!!poll!

survey!nC!!land!
survey!
survey!vT!!measure!
land!

surveyor!nC!
surveying!nU!

survive(

survive!vIT!

survival!nU!

survey!nC!!overview;!
summary!
survey!vT!!
summarize!
survey!vT!!measure!
opinions!
(

surveillance(camera!
nC!!see!also!@!
camera(
(

survivor!nC!

surviving!adj!

susceptible(

susceptible!adj!

susceptibility!nU!

suspect/suspicion(

suspect!vT!
suspect!nC!
suspicion!nCU!

suspiciously!adv!

suspect!adj!
suspected!adj!
unsuspecting!neg!adj!

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suspend !!stop!doing!
sth!temporarily!
2
suspend !!hang!

suspicious!adj!
suspend!vT!

suspension!nCU!

suspend!vT!

suspension!nU!

suspense!!
uncertainty,!
expectation!
sustain(

suspense!nU!

sustain!vT!

sustained!adj!
sustainable!adj!

swallow(

swallow!nC!!act!of!
swallowing!
(

swallow!vT!!use!up!

swamp(

swallow!vIT!!when!
eating,!drinking!
(

swamp!nC!

swap(

sway(

swap!vIT!
swap!nC!
sway!vI!

swear !!curse!

swear!vI!

swear!vI!
swear(in!phr!v!

swear !!make!
promise/sworn(

X(

unsuspected!neg!adj!
suspended!adj!
suspender!nC!Brit!!
supports!for!
stockings!
suspender!nC!Am!!
supports!for!trousers!
=!braces!nC!Brit!
suspension(bridge!
nC!!see!also!@!bridge!!!
in(suspense(

sustainability!nU!
unsustainable!neg!
adj!
sustenance!nU!
formal!
swallow!vT!!believe!
swamp!vT!
swampy!adj!
(
sway!nC!
swaying!adj!
swearing!nU!
swear(word!nC!!see!
also!@!word(
sworn!adj!
swear(an(oath!!see!
also!@!oath(

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sweat(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

sweat!nU!
sweat!vI!

sweater!nC!

sweep!vIT!

sweep!nC!!quick!
movement!

sweet!adj!!sugary!

sweet!adj!!pleasant!

sweeten!vT!
sweetheart!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!heart
sweetly!adv!
sweetness!nU!

sweet !!candy,!
confectionery!
3
sweet !!dessert!

sweet!nC!Brit!

sweaty!adj!
sweatshirt!nC!!see!
also!@!shirt(
sweatshop!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!shop
sweep/sweeper!nC!
sweep(aside!phr!v!!
disregard!sth!
chimney(sweep!nC!!
see!also!@!chimney(
minesweeper!nC!!
3(
see!also!@!mine
sweeping!adj!
sweep!vI!!move!
quickly!
sweep(by/past!phr!v!!
move!past!quickly!
sweetener!nC!
sweetened!adj!
unsweetened!neg!
adj!
sweetcorn!nU!Brit!!
see!also!@!corn!
sweet(tooth!nC!!see!
also!@!tooth(
(

sweet!nC!Brit!

swell/swollen(

swelling!nCU!

swollen!adj!

swift!!very!quick!

swell!vI!
swell(up!phr!v!
(

swiftness!nU!

swim(

swim!vI!

swim!n!usu!sing!

swift!adj!
swiftly!adv!
(

sweep !!brush!clean!

sweep ((move!
quickly(

sweet !!sugary!

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A1(

A2(

switch !!electrical!
onLoff!device!
swollen!!see!also!@!
swell(
sword(

switch!vIT!
switch!nC!
(

B1(

swimmer!nC!
swimming!nU!
swimming(pool!nC!!
see!also!@!pool(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

swing!vIT!
swing!nC!
(

swing!nC!!try!to!hit;!
act!of!swinging!
(

swimming(costume!
nC!!see!also!@!
costume(
swimsuit!nC!!see!also!
2(
@!suit
swinging!adj!
in(full(swing(
(

switch!nC!
switch(on/off!phr!v!
(

swollen!adj!

sword!nC!

syllable(

syllable!nC!

swordsman!nC!
swordsmanship!nU!!
3(
see!also!@!man
syllabic!adj!

syllabus(

syllabus!nC!

symbol(

symbol!nC!

symbolic!adj!

symbolically!adv!

symmetry(

symmetry!nU!

symbolism!nU!
symbolize!vT!
symmetric/(
symmetrical!adj!

sympathy!!feeling!of!
pity,!etc!

sympathy!nCU!
sympathetic!adj!
sympathize!vI!

sympathetically!adv!

symphony(

symphony!nC!

asymmetric/(
asymmetrical!neg!
adj!
unsympathetic!neg!
adj!
unsympathetically!
neg!adv!
symphonic!adj!

symptom(

symptom!nC!

symptomatic!adj!

synagogue(

synagogue!nC!

swing(
switch !!change!

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B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

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syndrome!!see!also!
@!AIDS(
synthesis(

syndrome!nC!

synthesis!nCU!

synthetic(

synthetic!adj!

synthesize!vT!
synthesizer!nC!
synthetically!adv!

syrup(

syrup!nCU!

system(

system!nC!

systematically!adv!
systemic!adj!

Tt(

systematic!adj!
solar(system!nU!!see!
also!@!solar(
(

syrupy!adj!
maple(syrup!nU!!see!
also!@!maple(
operating(system!nC!!
see!also!@!operate/(
operating(
(

t;shirt/T;shirt/tee;
shirt!!see!also!@!
shirt(
1
table !!furniture!

t;shirt/T;shirt/tee;
shirt!nC!

table!nC!

tablespoon!nC!!see!
also!@!spoon(
!
table;tennis nU!!see!
also!@!tennis(

tablecloth!nC!!see!
also!@!cloth(

timetable!nC!Brit!

table nC!

table!vT!Brit!formal!!
make!proposal!!!
be(at(the(table(
clear(the(table(
lay/set(the(table(
on(the(table(
roundtable!adj!!see!
2
also!@(round !
turn(the(tables(
water(table!n!usu!
sing!!see!also!@!
water(
tabulate!vT(
tabular!adj!
tabulation!nU!
table(of(contents!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!content

table !!chart,!etc!

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C2(

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timetable!vT!Brit!
sleeping(tablet!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!sleep
tack!vT!!fasten!
loosely!

tablet(

tablet!nC!

tack(

!!

tackle!vT!

tack!nC!!small!nail!
thumbtack!nC!Am!=!
drawing!pin!nC!Brit;!!see!
also!@!thumb(
(
(

tackle !!intercept,!
esp.!in!sport!
tact(

tackle!vIT!
tackle!nC!
(

tact!nU!

tactic(

tactic!nC/tactics!n!pl!

tactical!adj!

tag(

tag!nC!!label!

tail(

tail!nC!!animal!body!
part!

tailor(

tailor!vT!

take!vT!!remove,!
steal!
take!vT!!carry!
take!vT!!accept!gift,!
offer,!money,!etc!

take!vT!!hold,!grab!
take!vT!!take!a!train,!
plane,!etc!
take!vT!!require!
take!vT!!time/how!
long!
take!vT!!medicine,!

take!vT!!lead,!go!
take!vT!!capture!
with,!take!sb!
somewhere!
take!vT!!perform,!
study,!teach,!test,!etc!
take!vT!!break,!rest,!
walk,!holiday,!trip,!

caretaker!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!care

tactful!adj!
tactfully!adv!
tactless!neg!adj!
tactlessly!neg!adv!
tactically!adv!
delaying(tactics!npl!!
see!also!@!delay(
tag!vT!
tag(along!phr!v!
tail!vT!!follow!
tail(off!phr!v!
tail(end!nC!!see!also!
@!end(
tailor!nC!
tailor;made!adj!!see!
also!@!make/made(
take!vT!!direction!!
take!a!turning,!etc!
take!vT!!receive!
lessons,!accept!
advice,!etc!

tackle !!attempt!

take !

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take !!phrasal!verbs,!
etc!

take(sth(off!phr!v!!
remove!clothing,!etc!

drugs,!etc!
take!vT!!photo,!
message,!etc!
take!vI/take(away/(
from!phr!v!!subtract(

tale(

tale!nC!

talent(

talent!nCU!

talented!adj!

talk(

talk!vI/talk(about/of!
phr!v!
talk!nCU!!
conversation,!
negotiation,!etc!

talk!nC!!lecture,!etc!

talking!nU!

etc!

take(sth(away!phr!v!!
remove!
take(sth(back!phr!v!!
return!to!seller,!etc!
take(sth(in!phr!v!!
comprehend!
take(off!phr!v!!leave!
the!ground!
take;off!nC!
take(sth(up!phr!v!!
start!a!job,!hobby,!
etc!
take(time!!see!also!
@!time(
take;away!nC!Brit/!
take;out!nC!Am!

take(sth(on!phr!v!!
take(after(sb!!inherit!
accept!task,!etc!
looks,!character,!etc!
take(sth(over!phr!v!!
takeover!nC!
take!on!responsibility!
for!sth!
take(part((in)!!
participate;!!see!also!
1!
@!part
take(place!!see!also!
@!place(

X(

take(apart(!phr!v!!
dismantle;!!see!also!
@!apart(
take(sth(back!phr!v!!
retract!
take(sth(down!phr!v!!
remove!
take(sth(down!phr!v!!
write!down!sth!said!
take(for!phr!v!!
confuse!
take(sb(on!phr!v!!
employ!
take(sb(out(phr!v!!on!
date,!visit!
take(sth(out!phr!v!!
remove!
take(time(off!!stay!
home!from!work;!!
1!
see!also!@!time
it(wont(take(long(
tell(tales(
fairytale!nC/adj!!see!
also!@!fairy(
talent!nC!
untalented!neg!adj!
talking!adj!
talkative!adj!
talk(sb(into(sth!phr!v!
talk(sb(out(of(sth!phr!
v!

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talk(over!phr!v!
talk(to(oneself(
talking(of((
walk(tall!vI!!see!also!
@!walk(
tame!adj!!unexciting!
tamely!adv!
tameness!nU!
tamer!nC!
tanned!adj!
tanning!nU!

tall(

tall!adj!

tame(

tame!adj!!opp.!wild!

tame!vT!

tan(

tangible(

tan!n!sing!
suntan!n!sing!!see!also!
@!sun(
tan!vIT!
tangible!adj!

tank!nC!

tanker!nC!

tank!nC!

tangibly!adv!
tangibility!nU!
intangible!neg!adj!
intangible!nC!
intangibly!neg!adv!
fuel(tank!nC!!see!also!
@!fuel(
gas(tank!nC!esp!Am!!
2(
see!also!@!gas
petrol(tank!nC!esp!
Brit!!see!also!@!
petrol(
(

tape!nCU!

tap!vIT!
tap!nC!
tap!nC!Brit!=!faucet!
nC!Am!
tape!vIT!
tape;recorder!nC!!!
tape(recording!nC!

tap!nC!!device!
regulating!flow!
tape;recording!!nC!!
1
see!also!@(record /!
recording(

tank !!container!

tank !!heavy!military!
vehicle!
1
tap !!hit!lightly!
2

tap !!see!also!@!
faucet(
1
tape !!recording!

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B2(

C1(

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tape !!long!strip!of!
material!

tape!nCU!

target(

target!nC!!in!archery,!
shooting,!etc!

tariff(

task(

see!also!@!record /(
recorder(
videotape!nCU!!see!
also!@!video(
(

video;tape!vIT!
video;taped!adj!!see!
also!@!video(
tape!vT/tape(up!phr!
v!

target!nC!!objective,!
aim!

target!vT!

tariff!nC(

task!nC!

taste!nC!!flavour!

taste!vT!

taste!nU!!sense!of!
taste!

tasty!adj!

taste !!judgement;!
liking!for!sth!

taste!nCU!

tavern(

tavern!nC!

tax!

tax!nCU!

taxation!nU!

tax!vT!
(
taxpayer!nC!!see!also!

taste !!flavour!

X(

red(tape!nU!!
bureaucracy;((see!
also!@(red(
tape(measure!nC!!
2
see!also!@!measure (
tape(worm(nC!!see!
also!@!worm(
target!nC!!intended!
person,!person!being!
criticized,!attacked,!
etc!
targeted!adj!
(
task!vIT!
task(force!nC!!see!
4!
also!@!force
taste!n!sing!!small!
amount!of!food!or!
drink!
taste!nC!!liking!for!
sth!
tasteless!neg!adj!
tasteful!adj!
distaste!nU!
distasteful!neg!adj!
distastefully!neg!adv!
(
taxable!adj!
income(tax!nCU!

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@!pay/payer(

taxi(

taxi!nC!

taxi(driver!nC!!see!
1
also!@!drive /driver(
tea(break!nC!!see!
3!
also!@!break
teaspoon!nC!!see!
also!@!spoon(
tea!nC!Brit!

tea!nCU!

tea !!meal!

teach(

teach!vIT!!!
teacher!nC!
team!nC!

teaching!nU!

tear!vIT!

tear!nC!

tea !!drink!

team(

tear /torn!!rip!

tear !!weeping!

X(

see!also!@!income(
value(added(tax!nCU!!
see!also!@!VAT(
taxi(rank(nC!!see!also!
2!
@!rank
teapot!nC!!see!also!
@!pot(

taxicab!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!cab
(

teatime!nU!Brit!!see!
1(
also!@!time
(

teamwork!nU!!see!
2!
also!@!work

tear!nC!

teammate!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!mate
team(up!phr!v!
(

tearaway!nC!
informal!
torn!adj!
tear(apart!phr!v!
tear(at!phr!v!
tear(down!phr!v!
tear(into!phr!v!
tear(oneself(away!
phr!v!
tear(up!phr!v!
tear(to(pieces!!see!
also!@!piece(
burst(into(tears!!see!
also!@!burst(
shed(tears!!see!also!
2(
@!shed
in(tears(
teardrop!nC!!see!also!

teacup!nC!!see!also!
@!cup(

576!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(
2(

tease(

tease!vIT!

technical(

technical!adj!

technique(

technique!nCU!

technically!adv!!
relating!to!!
technician!nC!
(

@!drop
teargas!nU!!see!also!
1(
@!gas
tearful!adj!
tearfully!adv!
teasing!nU!
striptease!nU!!see!
1!
also!@!strip
(

technology(

technology(nCU!

technological!adj!

tech!nC!abbrev(

technologically!adv!

teddy/teddy(bear!!
2!
see!also!@!bear
tedious(

IT(!nU!abbrev!=!
information!
technology!
(

teddy!nC!
teddy(bear!nC!
tedious!adj!

tee(

tee!nC!

teenager!!see!also!@! (
age(
telecommunications!! (
see!also!@!
communication(
telegram(
(

teenager!nC!

teenage!adj!

telecommunications!
nU!

teen!nC!
teens!n!pl!
(

telegram!nC!

telecommunication!
adj!
telecom!adj!informal!
(

telephone!!see!also!
@!phone(

telephone!nCU!

telephone(number!
nC!!see!also!@!
number(

phone!nC!
phone(call!nC!!see!

phone!vIT/phone(up!
phr!v!

answerphone!nC!!
see!also!@!answer(

telephone!vIT!
telephone(directory!
nC!!see!also!@!
3
direct /directory(
phone(book!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!book

be(on(the(phone(

tediously!adv!
tedium!nU!
tee;off(!vI!
(

577!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

2!

also!@!call
phone(number!nC!!
mobile(phone!nC!Brit!! see!also!@!number(
see!also!@!mobile(

telescope(

television(

television!nCU!
TV!nC!abbrev!
tell!vT!!inform!

tell !!know,!
distinguish!

B2(

C1(

C2(

phone(booth!nC!!see!
also!@!booth(
phone(box!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!box
(

telescope!nC!

telly!nC!informal!Brit!

tell!vT!!tell!a!story,!
joke,!etc!
tell!vT!!order,!
command!

tell!vIT!

temper(

temper!nCU!
good;tempered!adj!
bad;tempered!adj!
!

temperament(

temperament!nU!

temperate(

temperate!adj!

tell !/told(!inform!

X(

telescopic!adj!
telescope!vIT!
televise!vT!
televised!adj!
retell!vT!
retelling!nCU!
tell(sb(off!phr!v!
foretell!vT!
fortune(teller!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!fortune
storyteller!nC!!!
storytelling!nU!!see!
1(
also!@!story
tell(apart!phr!v!
tell(the(difference!!
see!also!@!different/(
difference(
all(told(
untold!neg!adj!
quick;tempered!adj!!
see!also!@!quick(
lose(ones(temper(
be(in(a(good(temper(
be(in(a(bad(temper(
get(into(a(temper(
temperamental!adj!
temperamentally!
adv!
temperance!nU!
intemperate!neg!adj!

578!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

temperature(

temperature!nCU!!of!
sth!

temperature!nU!!of!
sb!

temple(

tempo(

temple!nC!!religious!
building!
(

intemperance!nU!
have(a(temperature(
take(sbs(
temperature(
(

tempo!nC!

temporal(

temporal!adj!

temporary(

temporary!adj!

temporarily!adv!

tempt(

tempt!vT!

tempting!adj!
be(tempted(

ten(

ten!cardinal!number!
10!
(

tenth!ordinal!
number/fraction!
(

temptation!nCU!!
feeling!
temptation!nC!!sth!
that!tempts!
(

tenant!nC!

tenancy!nCU!

tend!vI!

tendency!nC!!habit,!
preference!

tendency!nC!!
likelihood!

tendency!nC!!trend,!
sth!that!happens!
often!
!

tend!vT!

tender!adj!

tenderness(nU!

tennis(

tennis!nU!

bartender!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!bar
tenderly!adv!
tenderize!vT!
(

tense!adj!

tense!vIT!

tenant(
tend !!incline,!be!
likely!
tend !!look!after!
tender

tension!nU!!stress!

table;tennis!nU!!see!
1
also!@!table (
(

tense !!grammar!

tense!nC!

tent(

tent!nC!

past(tense!nC!
present(tense!nC!
future(tense!nC!
(

tentative(

tentative!adj!

tentatively!adv!

tense !!worried!

579!

headword(

tenure(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

tenure!nU!

tenured!adj!

term!nC!!fixed!time!!
prison,!etc!

term!nC!!school(

in(terms(of((

term!nC!
!
term!nC!usu!pl!

term!vT!formal,!often! terminology!nU!
pass!
(
(

short;/medium;/(
long;term!nU/adj!
midterm!nCU!!see!
also!@!middle/mid;(
termly!adj!
half;term!nC!Brit!!see!
1(
also!@!half
midterm!nCU!!see!
also!@!middle/mid;(
(

term !!fixed!time!!
prison,!etc!

term !!school/!
university!term!

term !!expression/!
phrase!
4
term !!condition!

on(speaking(terms(
be/keep(on(good/(
bad(terms(with(sb(

terminal!adj!

terminus!nC!
terminal!nC!
terminate!vIT!
(

terrain!nU!

come(to(terms(with(
terminally!adv!
termination!nCU!
interminable!neg!adj!
terraced!adj!
terraced(house!nC!
Brit!see!also!@!
1!
house
(

terrific!adj!

terrifically!adv!

territorial!adj!

terminus/(terminal(

terminal!nC!!airport,!
etc!

terrace!!row!

terrain(

terrible

1!

terrific(

terrible!adj!very!
great,!severe!
terribly!adv!!very!
much!
(

territory(

territory!nCU!

terrace!nC!!row!of!
houses,!seats,!etc!
terrace!nC!!flat!area!

580!

headword(

terror/terrible

2!

A1(

A2(

terrible!adj!!bad,!
unpleasant!

test(

test!nC!!exam,!etc!
test!vT!

test!nC!!trial,!
experiment,!etc!

testament(

testify(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

terror!nCU!
terrorism!nU!
terrorist!nC!
(

terrorist!adj!

terribly!adv!!very!bad! terrified!adj!
terrify!vT!

testing!nU!

testament!nC!formal!!
legal!L!will!

text(

text!nCU!!prose!

textbook!nC!!see!also! textual!adj!
1!
@!book

textile(

text!nC!!SMS!
message!
text!vT!!send!SMS!
message!
(

testify!vIT!
testimony!nCU!
!

textile!nC!

textile!adj!

texture(

texture!nCU!

than(

than!prep,!conj!!in!
comparisons!
thank!vT!

thank(you/no(thank(
you(!exclam!
thanks/no(thanks(!!
exclam!informal!

thanks!n!pl!
(
thank(you(very(much(

Thanksgiving!n!Am!

thankful!adj!

that!det!!not!this!

that!conj!

that!det!!sb/sth!
mentioned!
previously!
(

thankfully!adv!
thankfulness!nU!
thankless!neg!adj!
thank(you!nC!
thank(goodness/(
god/etc!(
thanks(to((
(

that!pron!

that(!pron!!sb/sth!
mentioned!

that!pron!!thats!
typical!!!thats!right!!

thank(

that !!not!this;!!see!
also!@!those(
that !!introducing!
clause!
3
that !!defining!
relative!pronoun!
!

terrorize!vT!
terrifying!adj!
counter;terrorist!adj!
tester!nC!
tested!adj!
untested!neg!adj!
last(will(and(
testament!!see!also!
3!
@!will
(

581!

headword(
4

A1(

that !!so;!
demonstration!
5
that !!as!stated!
previously!
thaw(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

previously!
so(that(

etc!
(

(
(

that!adv!!so;!
demonstration!
that!adv!

the(

the!definite!article!
the!!with!singular,!
particular!nouns!

the(more((the(
more/less(

theatre/theater(

theatre!nCU!Brit/(
theater!nCU!Am!

!the(det!!with!
superlatives!
the!det!!members!of!
a!group:!!the!old,!etc!
movie(theater!nC!
Am!!see!also!@!
movie(

thaw!vIT!
thaw!nC!
(

theatrical!adj!

theft!!see!also!@!
thief(
their!!see!also!@!
they(
them!!see!also!@!
they(
theme(

theft!nCU!

theatrically!adv!
go(to(the(theatre/(
theater(
operating(theatre!nC!
Brit/!operating(
theater!nC!Am!!see!
2!
also!@!operate
lecture(theatre!nC!
Brit/lecture(theater!
nC!Am!!see!also!@!
!
lecture
(

their!det!!of/!
belonging!to!them!
them!pron!
themselves!pron!
(

their!det!!his/her!

theirs!pron!

theme!nC!

then(

then!adv!!at!that!
time!

then!adv!!next!
then!adv!!so!that,!as!

then!adv!!and!also!

thematic!adj!
thematically!adv!
theme(park!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!park
then(and(there/(
there(and(then(

582!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

a!result!

X(

now(and(then(
then(again(
theologian!nC!

theology(

theology!nU!

theological!adj!

theory(

theory!nC!

theoretical!adj!

theorist!nC!

theoretically!adv!

therapy(

therapy!nCU!

therapist!nC!

therapeutic!adj!

there(!adv!!that!
place;!not!here!

there !!introductory:!! there!pron!!

there!is,!etc!
introductory:!there!
is,!etc!
3
there !!exclamation!
(

thereafter(

there!!!attracting!
attention!
there!!!confirmation!
(

thereby(

thereby!adv!formal!

thereafter!adv!
formal!
(

there(you(are(
there(there!!!
comfort!
(

therefore(

therefore!adv!

thermal(

thermal!adj!

thermometer!!see!
1!
also!@!meter
these!!see!also!@!
this(
thesis(

thermometer!nC!

these!det/pron!

thesis!nC!

they(

they!pron!

they!pron!!he/she!

there !!adverb!!not!
here!

theorem!nC!
theorize!vI!
in(theory(
chemotherapy!nU!
physiotherapy!nU!
physiotherapist!nC(
here(and(there(
over(there(
there(and(then/then(
and(there(
(

583!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

thick(

thick!adj!!opp.!thin!

thick!adv!
thickness!nCU!
thicken!vIT!

thief!!see!also!@!
theft(

thief!nC!

theft!nCU!

thigh(

thigh!nC!

thin(

thing(

thing!nC!!unnamed!
object!

thin!adj!!not!thick!
thin!adj!!not!fat!
(

things!n!pl!!situation!

things!npl!!
possessions!

thin!vIT!
thinly(adv!
(

anything!pron!!

anything!pron!!sth!in!
!

X(

thick!adj!!abundant!
thick!adj!!viscous!
thick!adj!informal!!
stupid!
thickly!adv!
thick;skinned!adj!!
see!also!@!skin(
through(thick(and(
thin(
thieve!vI!
as(thick(as(thieves!
idiom!
thigh(bone!nC!!see!
also!@!bone(
thin!adj!!watery!
thinness!nU!
plaything!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!play
the(best(thing((
the(real(thing(
for(one(thing((
for(another(thing((
have(a(thing(about(
sb/sth(
make(a(thing(of/out(
of(
its(a(good(thing(that(
(
the(next(thing(
this/that(sort(of(
thing(
the(thing(is(!!
introductory!
anything(but((

584!

headword(

A1(

A2(

neg!and!questions!
nothing!pron!
nothing!number!zero!
something!pron!
think!vIT!!form!
thoughts,!believe,!
etc!
thought!nCU!

whatever!is!available!

think!vI!!reason!
think(about!phr!v!
think(of(sth/sb(
think(so(
thinking!nU!

think!vIT!!believe!

think!vI!!recall,!
remember!
(

thinking!adj!

thinker!nC!

third!!see!also!@!
three(

third!!ordinal!
number/fraction!

thirst(

thirsty!adj!

thirst!nU!

rethink!vI/nC!
unthinkable!neg!adj!
think(back(to((
think(better(of(sb(
think(nothing(of(
think(sth(out!!phr!v!
plan!
think(sth(over!phr!v!!
consider!
think(through!phr!v!
think(up!phr!v!
think!n!sing!
informal/have(a(
think(
thirdly!adv!
third;party!adj!!see!
3!
also!@!party
third;world!n!sing/!
adj!!see!also!@!world(
thirst!vI!

thirteen!!see!also!@!
three(
thirty!!see!also!@!
three(
this/these(

thirteenth!!ordinal!
number/fraction!
thirtieth!ordinal!
number/fraction!
(

this!adv!!to!this!
extent!
thorn!nC!

thorn(

thirteen!cardinal!
number!13!
thirty!cardinal!
number!30!
this!det/pron!!not!
that!
(

thorny!adj!

thorough(

thoroughly!adv!

thorough!adj!

those!!see!also!@!

those!det/pron!

think!!see!also!@!
thought(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

anything(like(
for(anything(

585!

headword(

that(
though(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

though!adv!despite!

though!adv!!but(

thought!!see!also!@!
think(

thought!nCU!

thoughtfully!adv!
thoughtless!neg!adj!

thousand(

thousand!cardinal!
number!1000!
(

thousandth!!ordinal!
number/fraction!
(

thoughtful!adj!!
thinking!
thoughtful!adj!!kind,!
considerate!
(

thread!nCU!

threat/threaten(

threat!nC!
threaten!vT!

three!!see!also!@!
third,!trio,!triple(

three!cardinal!
number!3!

third!!ordinal!
number/fraction!

thread!vT!
loose(thread!nC!
informal!!see!also!@!
loose(
lose(the(thread!!see!
1(
also!@!lose
threatened!adj!
threatening!adj!
threateningly!adv!
threesome!nC!usu!
sing!

threshold(

threshold!nC!

on(the(threshold(

thrill(

thrive(

thrill!vT!
thrill!nC!
thrive!vI!

thriller!nC!!book,!film,!
etc!
(

thrilled!adj!
thrilling!adj!
thriving!adj!

throat(

throat!nC!

throne(

throne!nC!

enthrone!vT!

through!prep/adv!!
place!
through!prep/adv!!
time!
(

see(through!phr!v!
be(through(with!phr!
v!

through!prep!!as!a!

thread(

through !!place,!time!

through !!as!a!result,!
!

as(though(
even(though(
(

586!

headword(

because!of!

A1(

A2(

throughout(

result,!by!means!of,!
with!the!help!of!
throughout!prep/adv! (

throw(

throw!vIT!

thrust(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

throw((sth)(away/((
out!phr!v!

throw!nC!
overthrow!vT!
overthrow!nC!

thrust!vT!

thrust!nCU!

thumb(

thumb!nC!

thumbnail!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!nail

thunder(

thunder!nU!
thunder!vI!
thunderstorm!nC!!
1
see!also!@!storm !
thus!adv!formal!!
therefore!
tick!nC!esp!Brit!
tick!vT!esp!Brit!
(

thus(

thus!adv!formal!!like!
so,!in!this!way!
(

tick !!sound!of!clock!

ticket(

tide!

ticket!nC!!for!travel,!
entrance,!etc!
ticket!nC!!price!
ticket,!parking!ticket,!
speeding!ticket,!etc!
(

tidy(

tidy!adj!

tick !!check!mark!!
2

X(

throw(up!phr!v!
informal!!vomit!
throw(off(the(scent!!
see!also!@!scent(
(
thrusting!adj!
thruster!nC!
thumbtack!nC!Am!=!
thumb!vT/thumb(
drawing!pin!nC!Brit;!!see! through!phr!v!
also!@!tack(
be(under(sbs(thumb(
rule(of(thumb!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!rule
(
thunderous!adj!
thundery!adj!
!

tick(off!phr!v!esp!Brit!

ticket(office!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!office
return(ticket!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!return(

tick!vI!
tick!nC!
(

ticking!nU/adj!
tick(away/by!phr!v!
(

tide!nC!!rise/fall!of!
sea!
high/low(tide!nC!
(

tidal!adj!

untidy!neg!adj!

tidily!adv!

587!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

tidy!vIT/tidy(away/(!
up!!phr!v!
1

tie !!fasten!with!rope!

X(

tidiness!nU!
untidily!neg!adv!
untidiness!nU!
tie(down!phr!v!

tie!vIT/tie((sb/sth)(
up!phr!v!
(

tie!nC!

tie!nC!
untie!vT(
(

tie !!draw,!dead!
heat,!equal!scores!
tiger(

tie!nC!
tie!vI!
(

bowtie!nC!!see!also!
3!
@!bow
necktie!nC!Am!!see!
also!@!neck(
(

tiger!nC!

tigress!nC(

tight(

tight!adj!
tight!adv!

tighten!vIT/(tighten(
up!phr!v!
tightly!adv!

tights!!see!also!@!
pants/pantyhose(
tile(

tights!n!pl!Brit!=!
pantyhose!n!pl!Am!
(

tightness!nU!
airtight!adj!!see!also!
1!
@!air
watertight!adj!!see!
also!@!water(
(

tile!nC!

till!prep/conj!

tile!vT!
tiled!adj!
tiler!nC!
(

till !!cash!register!

till!nC!Brit!

timber(

timber!nU!

time!nU!minutes,!
hours,!etc!
time!n!sing!!point!of!
time!

time!vT!
timing!nU!

timely!adj!

take(time(off!!stay!
home!from!work!
timepiece!nC!!see!
also!@!piece(

time!n!sing!!period!of! (
time!
take(time/take(ones(
time!!!see!also!@!
2!
take
closing(time!nC!!see!
full;time!adj!see!also!
1
also!@!close /closing( @!full(

daytime!nU!see!also!
@!day!

overtime!nU(

half;time!n!sing!!see!
also!@!time(

tie !!necktie!

till !!until!

time !!hours,!
minutes,!etc!

588!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

bedtime!nCU!!see!
1(
also!@!bed
dinnertime!nU!!see!
also!@!dinner(
lunchtime!nU!!see!
also!@!lunch(
springtime!nU!!see!
1
also!@!spring (
summertime!nU!!see!
also!@!summer(
in(time(/be(in(time(
(for)((
on(time(
sometime!adv,!adj!
(

B2(

C1(

lifetime!nC!!see!also!
!
@!life
part;time!adj!!see!
1(
also!@!part

nighttime!nU!!see!
also!@!night(
teatime!nC!Brit!!see!
2(
also!@!tea
wartime!nU/adj!!see!
also!@!war(

C2(

X(

full(time!n!sing!!see!
also!@!full(

about(time(
ahead(of(time(
all(the(time(
behind(the(times(
by(this/that(time(
for(a(long(time(
for(the(time(being(
high(time(
in(no(time(
in((days/minutes,(
etc(time(
waste(time!!see!also!
@!waste(
have(the(time(to/for(
keep(time/keep(
good/bad(time(
kill(time!!see!also!@!
kill(
playtime!nU!!see!also!
1(
@!play
run(out(of(time(
spare(time!nU!!see!
also!@!spare(
time(bomb!nC!!see!

589!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

(
2

X(

also!@!bomb(
at(a(time(
at(no(time(
at(one(time(
at(the(same(time(
at(the(time/at(that(
time/at(this(time(
at(times(
first(time/for(the(
first(time(
from(time(to(time(
have(a(good(time(
once(upon(a(time(
some(other(time/(
another(time(
time(after(time(
time(and((time)(
again(
timetable!vT!Brit!!see!
2(
also!@!table
(

time !!occasion!

sometimes!adv(

time!nC!

times!n!pl!!occasions,! (
e.g!in!multiplication!

timetable(

timetable!nC!Brit!!
2(
see!also!@!table
tin!nU!

tin !!can!

tin!nC!Brit!!can!

tin;opener!nC!Brit!!see!
also!@!open/opener(

tiny(

tin !!metal!

tiny!adj!

tin!nC!Brit!!contents!
of!tin!
tin!vT!
tinned!adj!
(

tip!vIT!

tip!nC!

tip(sb(off!phr!v!

tip!nC!
tip!vIT!
tip!nC!

fingertip!nC!!see!also!@!
finger(

tiptoe!nC!
tiptoe!vI!!see!also!@!

tip !!incline,!upend!
tip !!piece!of!advice!
tip !!gratuity!
tip !!end!

590!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

toe(
tip(of(the(iceberg!nC!!
see!also!@!ice/(
iceberg(
tireless!neg!adj!
tirelessly!neg!adv!
tiresome!adj!
be/get/grow(tired(of(
sb/sth!!become!
bored!
tire(out!phr!v!
sick(and(tired!!see!
3(
also!@!sick
flat(tire/tyre!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!flat
spare(tire/tyre!nC!!
(
see!also!@!spare
(

tired!adj!

tire!vIT!

tiring!adj!

tiredness!nU!

tire!nC!Am/tyre!nC!
Brit!

tissue !!flesh!

tissue!nU!

tissue !!paper!

tissue!nCU!

title(

title!nC!!name!of!
book,!film,!etc!

entitle!vT!usu!pass!

entitlement!nCU!

to!infinitive!

tissue(paper!nU!!see!
also!@!paper(
toilet(tissue!nU!!see!
also!@!toilet(
untitled!neg!adj!
subtitle!nC!
subtitled!adj!
(

to!prep!!indicating!
consequence;!so!as!
to,!in!order!to!
to!prep!!adj!+!to!+!
result!
to!prep!!towards;!all!
the!way!to!

to!prep!!until!
to!prep!!telling!time!
!minutes!before!
hour!
to!prep!!comparison!
!scores,!etc!
to!prep!!position!!to!

to!prep!!avoiding!
repetition!

tire !!grow!weary!

tire /tyre(

to !!infinitive!
to !!prep!

591!

headword(

A1(

A2(

toast!!cooked!bread!

the!right,!etc!
to!prep!!per!!
to!prep!!range!!20!
to!30,!etc!
(

tobacco(

today(

toddle(

today!n!sing!!this!day! (
today!adv!!on!this!
day!
today!n!sing/adv!!
nowadays!
(
(

toe(

together(

B1(

B2(

C1(

X(

toasted!adj!
toaster!nC!
(

toast(rack!nC!!see!
also!@!rack(
(

toddler!nC!

toddle!vI!

toe!nC!

toenail!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!nail

get(together!phr!v!!
see!also!@!get(
get;together!nC!!
social!meeting;!see!
also!@!get(

toilet(

together!adv!!with!
each!other,!in!one!
place!
together!adv!!
simultaneously!
together!adv!!in!total!
(

toe!vT!
toe(the(line!!see!also!
1!
@!line
tiptoe!nC!
tiptoe!vI!!see!also!@!
4!
tip
be(together!phr!v!
put(two(and(two(
together!!see!also!@!
two(

toilet!nC!
the(toilets!n!pl!Brit!

tolerance(

tolerance!nU!
tolerant!adj!

intolerable!neg!adj!

toast!nU!
toast!vT!
tobacco!nU!
tobacconist!nC!
(

C2(

go(to(the(toilet(
toilet(paper!nU!!see!
also!@!paper(
toilet(tissue!nU!!see!
2!
also!@!tissue
tolerable!adj!
tolerably!adv!

592!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

tolerate!vT!

X(

toll!nCU!!number,!
total!!death!toll,!etc!
(

intolerance!nU!
intolerant!neg!adj!
intolerably!neg!adv!
(

tomb!nC!

the(day(after(
tomorrow(
ton/tonne!nC!

tombstone!nC!!see!
!
also!@!stone
(

tone!nU!!voice!
quality;!attitude!
(

tongue!nC!!body!part!

tonic(

tonight!!see!also!@!
night(
tonne/ton(
1
too !!excessively!

tonight!nU!
tonight!adv!
(
too!adv!

tonic!nC!
tonic(water!nCU!!see!
also!@!water(
(

(
(

tonne/ton!nC!
(

(
(

(
(

(
(

too !!also,!in!addition! (

too!adv!

tool(

tool!nC!

toll(

tomato(

tomb(

tomato!nCU!
tomato(sauce!nU!!
see!also!@!sauce(
(

tomorrow(

ton/tonne(

tomorrow!nCU!
tomorrow!adv!
(

tone!

tongue(

tons(of(!!large!
amount!
(
tongue!nC!!language!
mother(tongue!nC!!
see!also!@!mother(
(

(
(
too((for(sb/sth(
too((to(do(sth(
cannot(be(too(..(
only(too(..(
(
toolbox!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!box
tool(rack!nC!!see!also!

593!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

topic(

topic!nC!

@!rack(
tooth!nC!!of!comb,!
etc!
sweet(tooth!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!sweet
tooth(fairy!nC!!see!
also!@!fairy(
atop!prep!
top!nC!!article!of!
clothing!above!waist!
topless!neg!adj!!not!
wearing!a!top!
top(up!phr!v!
from(top(to(bottom(
on(top((
on(top(of(sth!!
rooftop(nC!usu!pl!
see!also!@!roof(
topical!adj!

topple(

topple!vT!

toppled!adj!

torch!nC!Brit!

torch!nC!

torch!vT!

torn(!adj!

tornado(

tornado!nC!

torpedo(

torpedo!nC!

torpedo!vT!

torture(

toss(

toss!vT!

torture!vT!
torture!nCU!
(

tortured!adj!
torturer!nC!
toss(up!phr!v!
toss!nC!
toss;up!nC!

tooth(

tooth!nC!!body!part!
toothbrush!nC!!see!
also!@!brush(

top(

top!nC!!highest!point!
top!nC!!upper!
surface!

toothache!nU!!see!
also!@!ache(
toothpaste!nU!!see!
also!@!paste(

top!adj/adv!!first,!
(
best,!most!important!

top!vT!

top;class!adj!!see!
1&2!
also!@!class

top!nC!!lid!
top!adj!!highest!
top!adj!!upper!

torch !Brit!!flashlight!
torch !!burning!stick!
torn((see!@(tear

1!

594!

headword(

total!

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

total!nC!!sum!
totally!adv!

total!vT!

touch!!make!physical!
contact!

total!adj!!in!sum,!in!
all!
total!adj!informal!!
complete!
touch!vT!!make!
physical!contact!

touch(nU!!physical!
sense!
touch!nC!!quick!
contact!

touch!nC!!act!of!
touching!

touch!vT!!affect!
emotionally!
be/get/keep/stay(in(
touch(

touch!!n!sing!!small!
amount,!a!little!

tough(

tour/tourist(

tourism!nU!

detour!nC!
detour!vI(

tournament(

tour!nC!!look!around!
somewhere!
tour!nC!!trip,!holiday!
tour(guide!nC!!see!
also!@!guide(
tourist(information(
centre/center!nC!!
see!also!@!
information,(centre/(
center(
(

tough!adj!!robust!
(
tough!adj!informal!!
difficult!
tough!adj!!not!tender!!
tour!vIT!
(
tourist!nC!
tourist(office!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!office

tournament!nC!

tow(

tow!vT!

tow!nC!

towards/toward!!see! towards!prep!Brit/(
2
also!@!ward /;ward( toward!prep!Am!
!

totality!nC!
in(total(
grand(total!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!grand
untouched!neg!adj!
untouchable!neg!adj!
to(the(touch(
out(of(touch(
lose(touch(
touch(off!phr!v!
touch(on/upon((phr!
v!
touch(up!phr!v!!
repair,!revise!
touching!adj!
toughen!vT/toughen(
up!phr!v!

595!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

towel(

towel!nC!

tower(

tower!nC!!tall!
building!
tower!nC!!sth!tall!

town(

town!nC!!small!city!

in(town(

town!nU!!town!
centre!
downtown!adj/adv!
Am!
town(centre!!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!centre/(
center(
town(hall!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!hall

toxic(

toxic!adj!

intoxicate!vT!

toy(

toyshop!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!shop
trace!vT!!find!

trace(

toy!nC!
toy(!adj!
(

trace!nC!!indication!

track!nC!!path!
track!nC!!railway!
lines!

track!nC!!marks!on!
ground!
track!vT!

track!nC!
track(suit(nC!!see!

track !!path,!railway!
track,!etc!

track !!athletics!track!
!

X(

towel!vT!
throw(in(the(towel(
control(tower!nC!!
see!also!@!control(
tower(block!nC!!see!
4(
also!@!block
tower(above/over!
phr!v!
towering!adj!
town(planning!nU!!
1
see!also!@!plan /(
planning(
township!nC!
dormitory(town(nC!
Brit!see!also!@!bed/(
bedroom,(dormitory(
paint(the(town(red!
idiom!!see!also!@!
paint,(red(
toxin!nC!
toxicity!nU!
intoxication!nU!
intoxicated!adj!
intoxicating!adj(
toy(boy!nC!informal!!
see!also!@!boy(
traceable!adj!
untraceable!neg!adj!
keep(track(of(sb/sth(
lose(track(of(sb/sth(
track(down!phr!v!
backtrack!vI!
race(track!nC!esp!Am!!
1(
see!also!@!race

596!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

tract(

also!@!suit !
(

tract!nC!!area!of!land!

tractor(

tractor!nC(

trade!nC!!industry,!
occupation!
trade!vIT!!buy!and!
sell!
(

trader!nC!
trading!nU!
trading!adj!

tradesman!nC!!see!
3
also!@!man (

traditionally!adv!

traffic(lights!n!pl!!see!
1!
also!@!light
traffic(jam!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!jam
tragedy!nCU!

free(trade!nU!!see!
2!
also!@!free
trademark!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!mark
untraditional!neg!adj!
traditionalist!nC!
(

tragic!adj!

tragically!adv!

trail!nC!

trail!vIT!

trailer!nC!

train!nC!
by(train(

train(station!nC!esp!
Am!!see!also!@!
1(
station

train !!practise,!
learn,!teach,!etc!

training!nU!

train!vIT!

trainer!nC!!coach,!
instructor!

trait(

trained!adj!
trainee!nC!
trainer!nC!!shoe!
trait!nC!

trailer(park!nC!Am!!
2(
see!also!@!park
goods(train!nC!!see!
also!@!goods(
gravy(train!nC!!see!
also!@!gravy(
untrained!neg!adj!

traitor!!see!also!@!
betray(
tram(

traitor!nC!

tram!nC!

tramp(

tramp!nC!tiring!walk!
tramp!vI!

trade(

trade!nU!!commerce,! trade(union!nC!!see!
2!
etc!
also!@!union

tradition(

traffic(

tradition!nCU!
traditional!adj!
(

tragedy(

trail(
trailer(
train !!railway!
vehicle!

traffic!nU!

597!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

tranquil(

tranquil!adj!
tranquillity!nU!Brit!
tranquillity!nC!Am!

transaction(

transaction!nCU!

tranquillizer!nC!Brit!
tranquilizer!nC!Am!
tranquillization!nC!
Brit!
tranquilization!nU!
(

transcend(

transcend!vT!

transcript(

transfer(

transform(

transfer!vT!
transfer!nCU!
transform!vT!

transcript!nC!
transcription!nC!
(

transformation!nCU!

transient(

transient!adj!

transit(

transit!nCU!

in(transit(

transition(

transition!nCU!

transitional!adj!

translate(

transmit(

translate!vIT!
translation!nCU!
translator!nC!
(

transmit!vT!!pass!on,!
esp!disease!
transmitter!nC!

transparent(

transparent!adj!

transmit!vIT!!send!
radio,!TV,!etc!signal!
transmission!nCU!!
radio,!TV,!etc!
(

transplant(

transport(

transport!nU!Brit!!
activity!

transport!vT!
transportation!nU!

public(transport!nU!
Brit/!public(

transplant!nCU!!
action,!process!
transplant!nC!!sth!
that!has!been!
transplanted!
(

transparency!nU!
transparently!adv!
transplant!vIT!
transplantation!nU!

598!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C2(

X(

transport!nU!!system! esp!Am!

trap(

trash(

trauma(

travel(

travel!vIT!

travel!nU!
travel(agent!nC!!see!
also!@!agent(

tray(

tread(

transportation!nU!
Am!!see!also!@!
public(
(
trap!nC!!equipment!
trap!nC!!action,!plan!
trap!vT!!catch!
animal,!etc!
trash!nU!Am!!rubbish! (
trash!nU!informal!
esp!Am!!sth!of!poor!
quality!
(
(

C1(

trauma!nCU!
traumatic!adj!

travelling!adj/nU!Brit/!
traveling!adj/nU!Am!

traveller!nC!Brit/(
(
traveler!nC!Am!
travellers(cheque!nC!
Brit/!travelers(check!
nC!Am!!see!also!@!
2!
cheque/check
(
tray(nC(

tread!vIT!

ashtray!nC!!see!also!@!
ash(
(

treason(

treason!nU!

treasure(

treasurer!nC!

treat!vT!!deal!with!
sb/sth,!behave!
towards!sb/sth!
treat!vT!
treatment!nCU!
(

treatment!nU!

treasure!nU!
treasury!nC!
(

treasure!vT!
treasured!adj!
mistreat!vT!
mistreatment!nU!

treat!nC!

treat !!deal!with!
sb/sth!
2

treat !!medical!care!
3

treat !!sth!special!
!

trapped!adj!
trapper(nC!
mousetrap!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!mouse
trash!vT!

traumatize!vT!
traumatized!adj!
traumatically!adv!
well;travelled!adj!
Brit/well;traveled!
adj!Am!

tread!nC!!on!tyre,!etc!

treatable!adj!
untreatable!neg!adj!
treat!vT!

599!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

treaty(

treaty!nC!

tree(

tree!nC!

tremble(

tremendous(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

Christmas(tree!nC!!
tree(trunk!nC!!see!
1!
see!also!@!Christian/( also!@!trunk
Christmas(

tremble!vI!

tremendous!adj!

family(tree!nC!!see!
also!@!family(
bark(up(the(wrong(
tree!!see!also!@!
1(
bark
fir(tree!nC!!see!also!
(
@!fir
trembling!adj!
tremble!nC!
tremendously!adv!

trench(

trench!nC!

trend(

entrench!vT!
entrenched!adj!
entrenchment!nCU!
trendy!adj(

(
by/through(trial(and(
error!!see!also!@!
error(
(

trial !!legal;!!see!also!
2!
@!try
2
trial !!test!

trial!nC!

trend!nC!!movement,! (
development!
trend(nC!!fashion(
(
(

trial!nC!

triangle!!see!also!@!
angle(
tribe(

triangular!adj!

triangle!nC!!shape,!
object!
(

tribunal(

tribe!nC!
tribal!adj!
tribunal!nC!

tribesman!nC!!see!
3!
also!@!man
(

tribute(

tribute!nCU!

pay(tribute(to(sb/sth(

trick!

trick!nC!!act!of!
deception!
trick!vT!!deceive!

tricky!adj!!difficult!

600!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

trigger(

trigger!nC!

trigger!vT!

trillion(

trillion!number!

trim(

trim!vT!

trio!!see!also!@!
three(

trip!nC!

trio!nC!!group!of!
three!
trio!nC!!three!
musicians!
(

trim!nC!
trim!adj!
(

trip !!stumble,!fall!

trip!vIT!

triple!!see!also!@!
three(
triumph(

triumph!nCU!

triple!adj!
triple!vT!
triumphant!adj!

trivial(

trivial!adj!

trolley!nC!Brit!

trolley /trolley(bus(

troop/troops(

troop/troops!n!pl!

trophy(

trophy!nC!

tropic(

tropical!adj!

tropic!nC!
the(tropics!n!pl!

trip !!journey!

trolley !!cart!

business(trip!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!business
make/take(a(trip((to)(
tripper!nC!
trip((sb)(over/up!phr!
v!
tripled!adj!
triplet!nC!
triumph!vI!
triumphantly!adv!
triumphalist!adj!
trivialize!vT!
trivia!n!pl!
triviality!nCU!
shopping(trolley!nC!
Brit!!see!also!@!
1
shop /(shopping(
trolley(bus!nC!!see!
also!@!bus(
trooper!nC!
troop!vI!
(
tropically!adv!

601!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

trouble!nCU!

trouble!vT!
troubled!adj!

troublesome!adj!
troubling!adj!

trouble !!bother!

trousers(

trouble!n!sing!
trouble!vT!
trousers!n!pl!esp!Brit!

trout(

trout!nC!

truck(

pick;up(truck!nC!!see!
also!@!truck(

truck!vT!
trucker!nC!
trucking!nU!

true(

true!adj!!opp.!false!
truth!nU!
the(truth!n!sing!
!

truck!nC!!heavy!road!
vehicle;!lorry!
truck!nC!!railway!
goods!vehicle!
(

truly!adv!!really!

yours(truly!!letter!
ending;!see!also!@!
yours(

trumpet(

trumpet!nC!
trumpet!vT!

trunk!nC!
tree(trunk!nC!!see!
also!@!tree(
trunk!nC!!box,!

truthful!adj!
truthfully!adv!
truthfulness!nU!
untrue!neg!adj!
untruthful!neg!adj!
(dream/s)(come(true(
the(truth(of(the(
matter(is((
in(truth(
grain(of(truth!!see!
also!@!grain(
gospel(truth(
to(tell(the(truth(
blow(ones(own(
trumpet!!see!also!@!
1(
blow
(

trunk!nC!Am!!car!part;!!

trouble !!problem,!
difficulty!

trunk !!tree!part!

trunk !!box,!
!

troublemaker!nC!
asking(for(trouble(
be(in(trouble(
the(trouble(is((
(
trouser(suit!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!suit
(

602!

headword(

container!
3
trunk !!elephants!
nose!
1
trust !!faith,!belief(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(
2!

container!
(

trunk!nC!

see!also!@!boot
(

trust!nU!
trust!vT!

entrust!vT!

trust !!charity,!
organization,!etc!
1
try !!attempt;!!see!
2!
also!@!trial
2
try !!legal;!put!on!
trial;!!see!also!@!
1!
trial
3
try !!test!

try!vIT!

try!nC!

trial!nC!

try(on/try(sth(on!phr!
v!
(

trust!nC!
trustee!nC!
(

trusted!adj!
trusting!adj!
trustworthy!adj!
untrustworthy!neg!
adj!
trusty!adj!
distrust!nU!
distrust!vT(!
distrustful!adj!
distrustfully!adv!
mistrust!nU!
mistrust!vT!
(

try!vT!

try((sth)(out!phr!v!

t;shirt/T;shirt/tee(
shirt(

tub!

t;shirt/T;shirt/tee(
shirt!nC!!see!also!@!
shirt(
(

try((sth)(on!phr!v!!see!
if!clothes!fit,!etc!
tried!adj((
untried!neg!adj!
(

tube!!cylinder!

tube!nC!

tub!nC!
(
(

bathtub!nC!esp!Am!!
see!also!@!bath(
tubing!nU!
tubular!adj!

603!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

tuberculosis/TB(

tuck(

tuck!vT!

tuberculosis!nU!
TB!nU!abbrev!
(

tug(

tug(vIT!

tuition!!see!also!@!
tutor(
tumble(

tuition!nU!

tuck!nC!
tuck(away!phr!v!
tuck(in!phr!v!
tuck(into!phr!v!
tuck(up!phr!v!
tug!nC!!sharp!pull!
tug!nC!!ship!
tugboat!nC!!see!also!
@!boat(
(

tumble!vI!

tumble!nC!

tumour/tumor(

tuna(

tumour!nC!Brit/(
tumor!nC!Am!
(

tune(

tune!nC!

tune!vT!
tune(up!phr!v!

tuna!nU!
tunafish!nC!!see!also!@!
fish(
(

tunnel(

tunnel!nC!

tunnel!vI!

tuneful!adj!
tunefully!adv!
in(tune((with)(
out(of(tune((with)(
tunnel(vision!nU!

turbine(

turbine!nC!

turbulence(

turf(

turbulence!nU!
turbulent!adj!
turf!nU!

turkey(

turmoil(

turkey!nC!!bird!
turkey!nU!!meat!
(

turmoil!nU!

turn!vIT!!move!

turn(on!phr!v!!switch!

turning!nU!!rotation!

turning!adj!

604!

headword(
1

turn (

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

round,!rotate!
turn(!vIT!!change!
direction!
turn(round/around/(
about!phr!v!

on!light!etc!
turn(off/out(!phr!v!!
switch!off/out!

turning(!nC!Brit!!side!
road!
turn(down!phr!v!!
reduce!volume,!
temperature,!etc!
turn(up!phr!v!!
increase!volume,!
temperature,!etc!
turn(into!phr!v!!
change,!convert!
!

turnover!nCU!esp!
Brit!!income!

turn !!chance,!
opportunity!(in!
sequence)!

turn!nC!
in(turn/by(turns(

overturn!vIT!!turn!sth! (
over!
overturn!vIT!!change!
decision,!
government,!etc!
(
(

turnover(

turtle(

turnover!nCU!esp!
Brit!!income(
(

take(turns/take(sth(
in(turn(s)(
out(of(turn(
speak(out(of(turn!!
see!also!@!speak(
turn(over!phr!v!

turtle!nC!

tutor!!see!also!@!
tuition(
TV!!see!also!@!
television(
twelve!!see!also!@!

tutor!nC!

tutorial!nC!

TV!nC!abbrev!

tutor!vT!
tutoring!nU!
(

twelve!!cardinal!

twelfth!!ordinal!

X(

turning(point!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!point
turn(away!phr!v!
turn(back!phr!v!
turn((sth/sb)(down!
phr!v!!refuse!
turn(ones(back(on(
sb/sth!!see!also!@!
2!
back
turn(over!phr!v!!
change!position!
turn(to(sb/sth!phr!v!!
for!help!
turn(up!phr!v!
informal!!arrive!!!
turn(over!phr!v(

605!

headword(

A1(

A2(

two(
twenty!!see!also!@!
two(
twice!!see!also!@!
two(
twig(

number!12!
twenty!cardinal!
number!20!
(

number/fraction!
twentieth!!ordinal!
number/fraction!
twice!adv!

twilight!!see!also!@!
1!
light
twin(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

twig!nC!

twilight!nU!

twin!nC!
twin!adj!

twist(

twist!vIT!

twist!nC!

twisted!adj!

twinning!nU!
twin!vI!
twin(bed!nC!!see!also!
@!bed(
identical(twins!n!pl!!
see!also!@!identical(
twisting!adj!

two!!see!also!@!
double,(twice,(
twelve,(twenty(
1
type /typical!!sort,!
group!

two!!cardinal!
number!

in(two(

type!nC!

typical!adj(

typically!adv!

type!vIT!!key!
type!nC!!font!

tyre!nC!Brit/tire !nC!
Am!!for!vehicle(

typing!nU!
typist!nC!
typewriter!nC!!see!also!
@!write/writer(
(

type !!key!

tyre/tire

Uu(
!

2!

one(or(two(
put(two(and(two(
together(
typify!vT!
typology!nC!
untypical!neg!adj!
untypically!neg!adv!
(

flat(tyre/tire!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!flat
spare(tyre/tire!nC!!
see!also!@!spare(
(

606!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

ubiquitous(

ubiquitous!adj!

ugly(

ugly!adj!

ubiquity!nU!
ubiquitously!adv(
ugliness!nU!

uh!/ugh!(

uh!/ugh!(

ultimate(

ultimate!nC!usu!sing!

umbrella(

ultimate!adj!
ultimately!adv!
umbrella!nC!

umbrella!adj!

umpire(

unable!!see!also!@!
able(
unacceptable!!see!
also!@!accept/(
acceptable(
unambiguous!!see!@!
ambiguous(
unanimous(

unable!adj!
unable(to(do(sth(
(

umpire!nC!
umpire!vIT!
(

unacceptable!neg!
adj!

unacceptably!neg!
adv!

unambiguous!neg!adj!
(
unanimous!adj!

unarmed!!see!also!@!
2
arm /armed(
unattractive!!see!@!
attract/attractive(
unauthorized!!see!@!
authority/authorize(
unavailable!!see!also!
@!available(
unavoidable!!see!@!
avoid/avoidable(
unaware!!see!also!@!
aware(
unbearable!!see!also!
1!
@!bear

unambiguously!neg!
adv!
unanimously!adv!
unanimity!nU!
unarmed!neg!adj!

unattractive!neg!adj(

unavailable!neg!adj!

unauthorized!neg!
adj!
unavailability!nU!

unavoidable!neg!adj!

unavoidably!neg!adv!

unaware!neg!adj!

unbearable!!neg!adj!

unbearably!neg!adv!

607!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

unbeaten!!see!@!
1!
beat
unbelievable!!see!
also!@!belief/(
believe(
unbreakable/(
unbroken!!see!@!
1
break /broken(
unbutton!!see!@!
button(
uncertain!!not!being!
sure,!certain;!!see!
1(
also!@!certain
unchanged/(
unchanging!!see!also!
1!
@!change
uncle(

unbeaten!neg!adj!

unbelievable!neg!adj!

unbelievably!neg!
adv!

unbreakable!neg!adj!
unbroken!neg!adj!

uncertain!neg!adj!
uncertainty!nU!

unbutton!vIT!
unbuttoned!neg!adj!
(

!
!

unchanged!neg!adj!

unchanging!neg!adj!

uncle!nC!

unclear((see!also!@(
1!
clear
unclear((see!also!@(
2!
clear
uncomfortable!!see!
1
also!@!comfort /(
comfortable(
uncommon!!see!also!
1!
@!common
uncompromising!!
see!!@!compromise(
unconditional!!see!
2
also!@!condition /(
conditional(
1
unconscious !!see!

unclear!neg!adj!

great;uncle!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!great
avuncular!adj!
unclearly!neg!adv!

unclear!neg!adj!

uncomfortable!neg!
adj!

uncomfortably!neg!
adv!

uncommon!neg!adj!

unconscious!neg!adj!!

uncommonly!neg!
adv!
uncompromising!neg!
adj!
unconditional!neg!
adj!
unconditionally!adv!
unconsciousness!nU!

608!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

1!

also!@!conscious
2
unconscious !!see!
2
also!@!conscious (

C1(

C2(

X(

not!awake,!etc!
(

uncontrollable!!see!
also!@!control/(
controllable(

unconscious!neg!adj!!
not!aware!
unconsciously!neg!adv!
uncontrolled!neg!adj(

uncountable!adj!!see!
1
also!@!count /(
countable(
uncover!!see!also!@!
cover(
under(

uncover!vT(

under!prep!!beneath!

under!prep!!less/!
fewer!than!
under!adv!

underestimate!!see!
also!@!estimate(
undergo(

undergo!vT!

underestimate!vT!
underestimate!nC!
(

undergraduate!!see!
also!@!graduate(
underground!!see!
1!
also!@!ground

undergrowth!!see!
also!@!grow/growth(
underlie(

undergraduate!nC!
undergraduate!adj!
underground!adj/!
adv!
underground!nCU!!
railway!
(

undergrowth!nC!

underlying!adj(

underlie!vT!

underline!!see!also!
1(
@!line
undermine!!see!also!

underline!vT!!stress!

underline!vT!!draw!a!
line!under!sth!
undermine!vT!

uncontrollable!neg!
adj!
uncontrollably!neg!
adv!
uncountable!neg!adj!
uncountable(noun!
nC!!see!also!@!noun(
uncovered!neg!adj!
undercoat!nC!
undercoat!vT!!see!
2(
also!@!coat
under(the(weather!!
see!also!@!weather(
(
(

609!

headword(

@!mine(
underneath(

A1(

A2(

C2(

X(

underneath!n!sing!

underside!nC!

understand!vIT!!
comprehend!
understanding!nU!!
knowledge!
(

understanding!nU!

misunderstanding!nU!

misunderstand!vIT!

understandable!adj!!(

misunderstanding!nCU!
misunderstood!adj!

understandably!adv(

undertake(

understand!vT!
formal!!believe,!
realize!
understanding!adj!!
sympathetic!
misunderstand!vT!
undertake!vT!

undertaking!nC!

underwater!!see!also!
@!water(
underway!!see!also!
1!
@!way
underwear!!see!also!
1(
@!wear
undesirable!!see!also!
@!desire/desirable(

underwater!adj/adv!

underway!adj!

to(be/get(underway(

underwear!nU!

undies!n!pl!informal!

undesirable!neg!adj!

undo!!see!also!@!do!

undo!vT!!unfasten!

undoubted!!see!also!
@!doubt/doubted(
undress!!see!also!@!
2!
dress

undoubtedly!neg!
adv!
undressed!neg!adj!

undo!vT!!destroy!
undoing(!n!sing/be(
sbs(undoing(
undoubted!neg!adj!

undress!vIT!

C1(

understand !!realize,!
sympathize!

B2(

underneath!
prep/adv!
underpants!n!pl!!

underpants!!see!also!
@!pants(
underside!!see!also!
1!
@!side
1
understand !!
comprehend!

B1(

610!

headword(

uneasy(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

uneasy!neg!adj!

uneconomical!!see!
(
2
also!@!economy /(
economical(
uneducated!!see!also! (
@!educate/(
educated(
unemployed!!see!
(
1
also!@!employ /(
employed(

uneconomical!neg!adj!
uneconomically!adv!

uneducated!neg!adj!

unemployed!neg!adj!

unemployment!nU!

unequal!!see!also!@!
equal(
unethical!!see!also!@!
ethics/ethical(
1
uneven !!see!also!@!
3
even !flat!
2
uneven !!see!also!@!
4
even !!equal!
unexpected!!see!also!
@!expect/expected(
unfair!!see!also!@!
1!
fair
unfamiliar!!see!also!
@!familiar(
unfasten!!see!also!@!
2
fast /fasten(
unfavourable/(
unfavorable!!see!also!
@!favour/favor(
unfinished!!see!also!
@!finish/finished(
1
1
unfit !!see!also!@!fit ((

unequal!neg!adj!

the(unemployed!nU!
unemployment(
benefit!nU!Brit!!see!
also!@!benefit(
unequally!neg!adv!

unethical!neg!adj!

unethically!neg!adv!

uneven!neg!adj!!not!flat!

unevenly!neg!adv!

unexpected!neg!adj(

uneven!neg!adj!!not!
equal!
unexpectedly!neg!adv!

unfair!neg!adj!

unfairly!neg!adv!

unfairness!nU!

unfamiliar!neg!adj!

unfamiliarity!nU!

unfavourable!neg!
adj!Brit/unfavorable!
neg!adj!Am!
(

unfavourably!neg!adv!
Brit/unfavorably!neg!
adv!Am!
unfinished!neg!adj!

unfasten!vT!
unfastened!adj!
(

unease!nU!
uneasily!neg!adv!
(

(
unfit!neg!adj!

611!

headword(

suitable(
2
2
unfit !!see!also!@!fit ((
healthy(
unfold!!see!also!@!
fold(
unfortunate!!see!
also!@!fortunate(
unfriendly!!see!also!
@!friend/friendly(
unhappy!!see!also!@!
happy(
unhealthy!!see!also!
@!health/healthy(
unidentified!!see!
also!@!identify(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

unfit!neg!adj!

unfortunate!neg!adj!

unfortunately!neg!
adv!
(

unfold!vT!!flatten!
unfold!vT!!reveal!
(

unfriendly!neg!adj!

unfriendliness!nU!

unhappy!neg!adj!

unhealthy!neg!adj!

unhappily!neg!adv!
unhappiness!nU!
(

unhealthily!neg!adv!

uniform!nC!

uniform !!similar!

uniform!adj!

unify(

unify!vT!

unimportant!!see!
also!@!important(
uninformed!!see!also!
@!inform/informed(
unintelligent!!see!
also!@!intelligent(
unintentional!!see!
also!@!intend/!
intention/(
intentional(

unimportant!neg!adj!

unification!nU!
unified!adj!
(

unidentified!neg!adj!
unidentifiable!neg!
adj!
uniformed!adj!
school(uniform!nC!!
see!also!@!school(
uniformity!nU!
uniformly!adv!
unifying!adj!

uninformed!neg!adj!

unintelligent!neg!adj!

unintentional!neg!
adj!
unintentionally!neg!
adv!
unintended!neg!adj!

uniform !!clothing!

612!

headword(

uninterested!!see!
1(
also!@!interest
1
union !!unification!

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

uninterested!neg!adj(

union!nU!

union !!trade!union!

unionist!nC!

unique(

union!nC!
trade(union!nC!!see!
also!@!trade(
unique!adj!

uniquely!adv!

uniqueness!nU!

unit !!part,!
component!
2
unit !!for!
measurement!
unite(

unit!nC!

unit!nC!

united!adj!

unity!nU!

unite!vIT!

disunity!nU!

universe(

universally!adv!

university(

university!nC!

universe!n!sing!
universal!adj!
(

unjust!!see!also!@!
2!&!3!
just
unjustified((see!also!
@(justify/justified(

unjust!neg!adj(

unkind!!see!also!@!
2(
kind
unknown!!see!also!@!
know/known(
unlawful!!see!also!@!
law/lawful(
unleaded!!see!also!@!
2
lead /leaded(
unleash!!see!also!@!
leash(
unless(

unkind!neg!adj!

unknown!neg!adj!

unjustly!neg!adv!
(
unjustified!neg!adj!
unjustifiably!neg!adv!
unjustifiable!neg!adj!
unkindly!neg!adv!
unkindness!nU!
unknown!nCU!

unlawful!neg!adj!

unlawfully!neg!adv!

unleaded!neg!adj!

unleash!vT!

unless!conj!

613!

headword(

A1(

A2(

unlike!!see!also!@!
1(
like
unlikely!!see!also!@!
likely(
unlimited!!see!also!
@!limit/limited(
unload!!see!also!@!
1!
load
unlock!!see!also!@!
lock(
unlucky!!see!also!@!
luck/lucky(
unmarked!!see!also!
2
@!mark /marked(
unmarried!!see!also!
@!marry/married(
unmask!!see!also!@!
mask/masked(
unmistakable!!see!
also!@!mistake/(
mistakable(

unnamed((see!also!
@(name(
unnatural!!see!also!
1
@!nature /natural(
unnecessary!!see!
also!@!necessary(
unnerve!!see!also!@!
2!
nerve
unnoticed!!see!also!
1
@!notice /noticed(
unobserved!!see!also!
1!
@!observe
!

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

unlike!neg!adj!
unlike!prep!
unlikely!neg!adj!

unlimited(neg!adj(

unload!vIT!

unlock!vT!

unlocked!neg!adj!

unlucky!neg!adj!

unluckily!neg!adv!

unmarked!neg!adj!!!

unmarried!neg!adj!

unmask!vT!
unmasked!neg!adj!
unmistakable!neg!
adj!
unmistakably!neg!
adv!
unnamed!neg!adj!

unnatural!neg!adj!

unnaturally!neg!adv!

unnecessary!neg!adj!

unnecessarily!neg!adv!

unnoticed!neg!adj!

unnerve!vT!
unnerving!neg!adj!
(

unobserved!neg!adj!

614!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

unobstructed!!see!
also!@!obstruct(
unobtainable!!see!@!
obtain/obtainable(
unoccupied!!see!also!
1
@!occupy /occupied!
unofficial!!see!also!@!
official(
unopened!!see!also!
@!open(
unpaid!!see!also!@!
pay/paid(
unpack!!see!also!@!
1(
pack
unpleasant!!see!also!
2
@!please /pleasant(
unpopular!!see!also!
1(
@!popular
unprecedented!!see!
also!@!precedent(
unpredictable!!see!
also!@!predict/(
predictable(
unprofessional!!see!
also!@!profession/(
professional(

unobstructed!neg!
adj!
unobtainable!neg!
adj!
unoccupied!neg!adj!

unofficial!neg!adj!

unofficially!neg!adv!

unopened!neg!adj!

unpaid!neg!adj!

unpack!vIT!

unpleasant!neg!adj!

unpopular!neg!adj!

unpleasantly!adv!
unpleasantness!nU!
unpopularity!nU!

unprecedented!neg!
adj!
(

unpredictable!neg!adj!

unprofitable!!see!@!
profit/profitable(
unpublished!!see!
also!@!publish/(
published(
unqualified!!see!also!
1
@!qualify /qualified(

unpredictably!neg!
adv!
unpredictability!nU!
unprofessional!neg!
adj!
unprofessionally!neg!
adv!
unprofitable!neg!adj!

unpublished!neg!adj!
unpublishable!neg!
adj!
unqualified!neg!adj!!
no!qualifications!

615!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

unqualified!!see!also!
3
@!qualify /qualified(
unquestioned/(
unquestionable(!see!
@!question(

unreal!!see!also!@!
real(
unrealistic!!see!also!
@!realistic(
unreasonable!!see!
also!@!reason/(
reasonable(
unreformed!!see!@!
reform/reformed(
unrelated!!see!also!
1(&(3(
@!relate
unreliable!!see!also!
@!rely/reliable(
unremarkable!!see!
also!@!remarkable(
unreported!!see!also!
2!
@!report
unresolved!!see!also!
@!resolve(
unrest((see!also!@!
1(
rest
unrestricted!!see!@!
restrict/restricted(
unripe!!see!also!@!
ripe(
unrivalled!!see!@!

unrealistic!neg!adj!

unreasonable!neg!
adj!

unreformed!neg!adj!

unrelated!neg!adj!

unreliable!neg!adj!

unremarkable!neg!
adj!
unreported!neg!adj!

unresolved!neg!adj!

unrest!nU!

unrestricted!neg!adj!

unripe!neg!adj!

unrivalled!neg!adj!

unqualified!neg!adj!!
without!limitation!
unquestioned!neg!
adj!
unquestionable!neg!
adj!
unquestionably!neg!
adv!
unreal!neg!adj!
unrealistically!neg!
adv!
unreasonably!neg!
adv!

616!

headword(

rival(
unsafe!!see!also!@!
1(
safe
unsatisfactory!!see!
also!@!satisfy/(
satisfactory(
unscheduled((see!@(
schedule!
unseen!!see!also!@!
see/seen(
unskilled((see!also!@(
skill/skilled(
unsliced!!see!also!@!
slice(
unsold!!see!@!
sell/sold(
unspecified!!see!also!
@!specify/specified(
unspoken!!see!also!
@!speak,(spoken(
unstable!!see!also!@!
1!
stable
unsteady!!see!also!@!
steady(
unsubsidized!!see!!@!
subsidy/subsidized(
unsuccessful!!see!
also!@!success/(
successful!
unsuitable!!see!also!
1
@!suit /suitable(
unsupported!!see!@!
support/supported(
!

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

unsafe!neg!adj!

unsatisfactory!neg!adj!

unscheduled!neg!adj!

unseen!neg!adj!

unskilled!neg!adj!

unsliced!neg!adj!

unsold!neg!adj!

unspecified!neg!adj(

unstable!neg!adj!

unspoken!neg!adj!
unspeakable!neg!adj!
unspeakably!neg!adv!
(

unsteady!neg!adj!
unsteadily!neg!adv!
unsubsidized!neg!adj!

unsuccessful!neg!adj!

unsuccessfully!neg!adv!

unsuitable!neg!adj!

unsuitably!neg!adv!
unsuited!neg!adj!
unsupported!neg!adj!

617!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

unsure!!see!also!@!
sure(
unsurpassed!!see!@!
surpass(
unsuspecting((see!@(
suspect/suspicion(
untalented((see!@(
talent/talented(
untested((see!@(
test/tested(
unthinkable!!see!also!
@!think/thinkable(
untidy!!see!also!@!
tidy(
1!
untie!!see!also!@(tie

unsure!neg!adj!

be(unsure(of(oneself(

unsurpassed!neg!adj!

unsuspecting!neg!adj!
unsuspected!neg!adj!
untalented!neg!adj!

untested!neg!adj!

unthinkable!neg!adj!

untidy!neg!adj!

untie!vT(

untidily(!neg!adv!
untidiness(nU!
(

until!!see!also!@!till(

until!prep/conj!

untold((see!@(
2
tell /told(
untouched!!see!also!
@!touch/touched(
untried!adj!!see!also!
3(
@!try
untrustworthy!!see!
@!trust/trustworthy(
unusual!!see!also!@!
usual(
unused!!see!also!@!
use/used(
unveil!!see!also!@!
veil(
unverified!!see!@!
verify/verified(
unwanted!!see!also!

untold!neg!adj!

untouched!neg!adj(
untouchable!neg!adj!
untried!neg!adj!

unusual!neg!adj!

unusually!neg!adv!

untrustworthy!neg!
adj!
(

unused!neg!adj!

unveil!vT!

unveiled!neg!adj!

unverified!neg!adj!

unwanted!neg!adj!

618!

headword(

@!want(
unwelcome!!see!also!
@!welcome(
unwell((see!also!@(
2!
well
unwilling!!see!also!@!
2
will /willing(
unwind!!see!also!@!
2!
wind
unwise!!see!also!@!
wise(
1
up !!adv!higher,!
more!
2
up !!prep!!higher!

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

unwelcome!neg!adj!

unwell!neg!adj!

unwilling!neg!adj!

unwillingly!neg!adv!
unwillingness!nU!
unwind!vIT!

unwise!neg!adj!

unwisely!neg!adv!

up!adv!!higher,!
increased!
up!prep!!higher,!
towards!the!top!
up!prep!!along!(up!
the!road,!etc)!
(

up!adv!!not!in!bed!

up!adj!

upbringing!nCU!

up;to;date!adj!

updated!adj!

upgrade!!see!also!@! (
1!
grade
uphill((see!also!@(hill( (

update!vT!!
modernize!
update!vT!!inform!of!
new!developments!
update!nC!
upgrade!vT!
upgrade!nC!
(

uphold(

uphold!vT!

uphill!adv!
uphill!adj!
(

upland/uplands!!see!
1
also!@!land !

upland!adj!
uplands!n!pl!

up !!!adj!moving!
higher;!better!
upbringing!!see!also!
2(
@!bring
update!!see!also!@!
1!
date

619!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

upon(

upon!prep!

upper(

upper!adj!

uppermost!adj/adv!

upright(

uprising!!see!also!@!
2(
rise
upset(

upright!adj!
upright!adv!
(

upper(class!n!sing/(
upper;class!adj!!see!
3!
also!@!class
(

uprising!nC!

upset!vT!!knock!over,! (
etc!

upsetting!adj!
upset!nC!

upside;down(

turn((upside(down(

upstairs!!see!also!@!
stair(
upstream!!see!also!
1&2!
@!stream
upward/upwards!!
2
see!also!@!ward /!!
;ward!
uranium(

upside(down!adv/!
adj!
upstairs!adj!
upstairs!adv!
(

upset!vT!!worry,!feel!
ill,!unhappy,!etc!
upset!adj!!worried,!
unhappy,!etc!
(

upward!adj!
upwards!adv!Brit/!
upward!adv!Am!
(

upstream!adv!
upstream!adj!
(

uranium!nU!

urban(

urban!adj!

urge(

urge!vIT!

suburb!nC!
suburban!adj!
(

urge!nC!

urgent(

urgent!adj!

urine(

urgency!nU!
urgently!adv!
urine!nU!

urbanization!nU!
suburbia!nU!
feel(the/an(urge(to(
do(sth(
(

us!!see!also!@!we,(
our(

us!pron!

urinate!vI!

urination!nU!
urinary!adj!
urinal!nC!
(

620!

headword(

use/used(

A1(

use!vT!!utilise!
use!nCU!!function!
useful!adj!

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

use!vT/use(up!phr!v!!
consume!
use!nU!!application!
user!nC!
used!adj!
(

useless!neg!adj!

usage!nU!

usable!adj!
usefully!adv!
usefulness!nU!
disused!neg!adj(

misuse!nU!
misuse!vT!
unused!neg!adj!
(

used /used(to!!
(
happened!in!the!past!
2
used /be(used(to/(
(
get(used(to!!familiar,!
accustomed!
usual(
usual!adj!
as(usual(
usually!adv!
utility!!gas,!
(
electricity,!etc!
utilize(
(

used(to(

in(use(
out(of(use(
make(use(of(sth(
put(to((good)(use(
be(of(some/no(use(
!

used(to(
be(used(to(
get(used(to(
unusual!neg!adj!

unusually!neg!adv!

utility!nC!

utilize!vT!formal!

utilization!nU!

utmost(

utmost!adj!

utter !!say!

utter !!complete!

utter!vT!
utterance!nC!
utterly!adv!

do(ones(utmost(
the(utmost(
importance!!see!also!
@!important/(
importance(
(

utter!adj!

uttermost(adj/n!sing!

Vv!

vacant(

vacant!adj!

vacancy!nC!

vacate(!vT!formal!

621!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

vacation(

vacation!nC!esp!Am!!
holiday!

vacation!nC!!
university!holiday!

vaccine(

vacuum(

vacuum!vT!

vagina(

vaccine!nCU!
vaccinate!vT!
vaccination!nCU!
vacuum!nC!
vacuum(cleaner!nC!!
see!also!@!clean/(
cleaner(
vagina!nC!

vacation!vI!esp!Am!
vacationer!nC!esp!
Am!
(

vaginal!adj!

vague(

vague!adj!

vaguely!adv!

vagueness!nU!

vain !/vanity!
conceited!
2!!
vain useless!

vain!adj!
vanity!nU!
vain!adj!

vanity(case!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!case
in(vain(

valid(

valid!adj!

valley!nC!

validate!vT!
validation!nU!
(

invalidate!vT!

valley(

validity!nU!
invalid!neg!adj!
(

value(

value!nCU!!monetary!
value!

value!nU!!
importance,!
usefulness,!etc!

valuable!adj!!worth!a! value!vT!!estimate,!
lot!of!money!
appraise!
valuable!adj!!useful,! value!vT!!appreciate!
important,!etc!

valuation!nCU!
valueless!neg!adj!
invaluable!adj!

valve(

evaluate!vT!
evaluation!nCU!
(

valve!nC!

valued!adj!
values!n!pl!principles!
valuables!!n!pl!
value(added(tax!nCU!!
see!also!@!tax(
devalue!vIT!
devaluation!nCU!
revalue!vT!
evaluative!adj!
evaluator!nC!
(

van(

van!nC!!motor!
vehicle!

van!nC!!railway!vehicle!

622!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

vanilla(

vanilla!nU(

vanish(

vanish!vI!

vapour/vapor(

evaporate!vIT(

vapour!nCU!Brit/!vapor!
nCU!Am!
(

varnish(

vary/various(

variety!nCU!
various!adj!

vary!vIT!

variable!nC!
variation!nC!

variable!adj!
invariably!neg!adv!

varied!adj!
varying!adj!

vase(

vase!nC!

varnish!nCU!
varnish!vT!
variability!nU!
varfiance!nC!
variously!adv!
variant!nC!
(

vanished!adj!
vanishing!adj!
vaporize!vIT!
!
evaporation!nU!
evaporated(milk!nU!!
see!also!@!milk(
nail(varnish!nCU!!see!
2!
also!@!nail
invariable!neg!adj!

vast(

vast!adj!

vastly!adv!

vastness!nU!

VAT(

vault!!strongroom!

VAT!nU!abbrev!=!
(
value(added(tax;!!see!
also!@!tax(
(
(

vault!nC!

veal(

veal!nU!

vegetable(

vegetarian!nC!
vegetarian!adj!
(

vegetation(

vegetable!nC!
vegetable!adj!
(

vegetation!nU!

vegetable(patch!nC!!
see!also!@!patch(
(

vehicle(

vehicle!nC!

vehicular!adj!

veil(

veiled!adj!
unveiled!neg!adj!

vein(

vein!nC!

veil!nC!
veil!vT!!cover!with!veil!
veil!vT!!conceal,!hide!
unveil!vT!
(

623!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

velocity(

velocity!nU!

velvet(

velvet!nU!

vendor(

vendor!nC!

vengeance(

vengeance!nU!

vent/ventilate(

revenge!nU!
revenge!vT!
(

velvety!adj!
velvet(glove!nC!!see!
also!@!glove(
vend!vT!
vending(nU!
vending(machine!nC!!
see!also!@!machine(
vengeful!adj!
vengefully!adv!
avenge!vT!
avenger!nC!
(

venture(

venture!nC!

venture!vT!formal!

vent!vT!
ventilate!vT!
ventilation!nU!
ventilator!nC!
(

venue(

venue!nC!

verb/verbal(

verb!nC!

adverb!nC!

verbal!adj!

verbally!adv!

verdict(

verdict!nC!

verge(

verge!nC!

verify(

verify!vIT!

versatile(

versatile!adj!

verge!vI/verge(on(!
phr!v!
on(the(verge(of(
verification!nU!
verified!adj!
unverified!neg!adj!
versatility!nU!

verse(

verse!nU!!poetry!
verse!nC!!part!of!

vent!nC!

624!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

version(

version!nC!

versus(

vertical(

very(

very!adv!!extremely!
very!adv!!emphasis!
(

vessel !!container!

B2(

poem,!song!
(

C1(

C2(

X(

versus!prep!
v/vs!abbrev!
vertical!adj!

vertically!adv!

vessel!nC!formal!!

vessel!nC!

vest!

vest!nC!Am!!waistcoat!

vet/veterinary(

vest!nC!Brit!!
undershirt!
(

veteran(

veto(

veteran!adj!!
experienced!
veteran!nC!!sb!
experienced!
veteran!nC!!esp!Am!
exLserviceman!
(

blood(vessel!nC!!see!
also!@!blood(
vest!nC!!protective!
garment!
veterinarian!nC!esp!
Am!
veterinary!adj!
(

via(

via!prep!

viable(

vibrate(

vice!!sin!

vicinity(
vicious(

vessel !!ship!
2

vet!nC!

veto!nCU!
veto!vT!
(

viable!adj!

vice!nCU!

vibrate!vI!
vibration!nU!
(

viability!nU!
viably!adv!
vibrator!nC!

vicinity!nU!

vicious!adj!

viciously!adv!

625!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

victim(

victim!nC!

victory(

victory!nCU!

victorious!adj!

video(

video!nC!

video!adj!
video!vT!
video(cassette!nC!!
see!also!@!cassette(
video(game!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!game
video(recorder!nC!!
1!
see!also!@!record
videotape!nCU!!see!
1!
also!@!tape
view!nCU!
view!vIT!
viewer!nC!

view !!opinion,!
knowledge!

view!nC!

view!vT!

point(of(view!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!point

viewpoint!nC!!see!
1!
also!@!point
!
overview!nC

vigour/vigor(

vigorous!adj!

villa(

vigour!nU!Brit/(vigor!nU!
Am!
vigorously!adv!
villa!nC!

village(

village!nC!

villager!nC!

villain(

villain!nC!

villainous!adj!

vine(

vine!nC!
vintage!nCU!
vintage!adj!

vintner!nC!
grapevine!nC!!see!
also!@!grape(
vineyard!nC!!see!also!

view !!sth!seen!

victimize!vT!
victimization!nU!
victoriously!adv!
victor!nC!
video;tape!vIT!!see!
1!
also!@!tape
video;taped!adj!

viewing!nCU!
preview!nC!
preview!vT!
in(view(
in(full(view(of(
in(view(of(
have(in(view(
with(a(view(to(
with((in(view(
invigorate!vT!
invigorating!adj!
(

626!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(
2!

@!yard
vinegary!adj!

vinegar(

vinegar!nU!

violate(

violate!vT!

violation!nCU!

violence(

violence!nU!

violent!adj!

violently!adv!

violin(

virgin(

virgin!nC!

violin!nC!
violinist!nC!
(

virtually!adv!

virtual!adj!

virgin!adj!
virginity!nU!
(

virtual !!computing!

virtual!adj!

virtually!adv!

virtue(

virtue!nCU!

virus(

virus!nC!!computing!

visa(

virus!nC!!organism,!
disease!
(

virtuous!adj!
virtuously!adv!
viral!adj!

visa!nC!

vision/visible/visual(

vision!nC!dream,!
hope,!etc!
vision!nU!!sight!

envision!vT!

visible!adj!

invisible!neg!adj!

visual!adj!

vital(

visit!vIT!
visit!nC!
visitor!nC!
(

vital!adj!!essential!

visibility!nU!
visibly!adv!
visually!adv!
visualize!vT!
visiting!nU!
visiting!adj!
revisit!vT!
(

visionary!adj!
visionary!nC!
tunnel(vision!nU!!see!
also!@!tunnel(
invisibility!nU!
invisibly!neg!adv!
(

vitamin(

vitamin!nC!

virtual !!almost!

visit(

violator!nC!
inviolable!neg!adj!
formal!
(
(

visit(with(sb!phr!v!
Am!
vitally!adv!
(

627!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

vivid(

vivid!adj!

vividly!adv!

vividness!nU!

vocabulary(

vocabulary!nU!

vocal!!see!also!@!
voice(

vocal!adj!

vocation(

vocational!adj!

vocation!nC!

vocally!adv!
vocalist!nC!
vocal(cords!n!pl!
(

vogue(

vogue!nCU!

in(vogue(

voice!!see!also!@!
vocal(

voice!nC!

voice!vT!

voice(mail!nU!!see!also!
@!mail(

void(

void!nC!

volatile(

volatile!adj!

voice(box!nC!!see!
1
also!@!box (
voiceless!neg!adj!
voice;over!nC!
void!adj!
void!vT!
null(and(void!adj!
devoid!adj!formal!
volatility!nU!

volcano(

volcano!nC!

volcanic!adj!

volleyball(

volt(

volt!nC!

volleyball!nU!!see!
1!
also!@!ball
(

voltage!nUC!

volume!nCU!!
amount,!quantity!
(

volume!nC!

voluminous!adj!
!
(

volume !!sound!

volume!nU!!sound(

volunteer(

volunteer!vIT!

vomit(

volunteer!nC!
voluntary!adj!
(

vomit!vIT!
vomit!nU!

voluntarily!adv!
involuntary!neg!adj!
(

volume !!amount!
volume !!book!

voluble!adj!
volubly!adv!
volubility!nU!
(
(

628!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

vote(

vote!nC!!!

vote!vIT!

voter!nC!

voting!nU!

voucher(

voucher!nC!

vow(

vow!vT!
vow!nC!

vowel(

vowel!nC!

voyage(

voyage!nC!

vulgar(

vulgar!adj!

vulnerable(

vulnerable!adj!

vulnerability!nU!

Ww(

voyage!vI!
voyager!nC!
vulgarity(!nU!
vulgarly!adv!
invulnerable!neg!adj!
invulnerability!nU!
(

wade(

wade!vIT!

wade(through!phr!v!

wage/wages(

wages!npl!

wagon/waggon(

wagon!nC/waggon!
nC!Brit!!cart!
wagon!nC/waggon!

waged!adj!
unwaged!neg!adj!
wage;earner!nC!!see!
also!@!earn(
wage;packet!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!pack/(
packet(
(

floating(voter!nC!!
see!also!@!float(
(
avow!vT!formal!
avowal!nCU!formal!
avowed!adj!formal!
disavow!vT!formal!
disavowal!nCU!
formal!
marriage(vows!npl!!
see!also!@!marry/(
marriage(
(

629!

headword(

waist(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

nC!Brit!!railway!
goods!vehicle!
waist!nC!!body!part!

wait!vI!
wait(for!phr!v!

waiting;room!nC!!
1(
see!also!@!room

wait /waiter/(
waitress(

wake!!see!also!@!
awake(

(
(

wake!vIT!
wake((sb)(up!phr!v!
awake!adj!

wait(on!phr!v!
waiter!nC!
waitress!nC!
waken!vIT!

walk!vIT!

walk!nC!

wait !!delay!

walk(

C1(

C2(

X(

waist!nC!!clothing!
part!

wait!n!sing!
waiting!adj!
waiting!nU!
(

waist(band!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!band
waistcoat!nC!Brit!!
1!
see!also!@!coat
waistline!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!line
wait(a(second/(
minute/moment,(etc(
wait(and(see(
(

awake/awaken!vIT(

walker!nC!
walking!nU!
sidewalk!nC!Am!!see!
also!@!pavement(

awakening!nC! !
rude(awakening!nC!
see!also!@!rude(
walk(away/off!phr!v!
walk(on((by)!phr!v!
walk(out!phr!v!!leave!
walk(out!phr!v!!go!on!
strike!
walk;out!nC!!strike!
walk(over!phr!v!
walkover!nC!!easy!
victory!
walk(tall!vI!!see!also!
@!tall(
walking(stick!nC!!see!
3(
also!@!stick
sleepwalker!nC!
sleepwalking!nU!!see!

630!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(
1(

wall(

wall!nC!

wallet(

wallet!nC!

walnut!!see!also!@!
nut(
wander(

wander!vI!

walnut!nC!!see!also!@!
nut(
(

want!vT!

unwanted!neg!adj!

want !!lack!

war(

war!nCU!

warship!nC!!see!also!
1(
@!ship

want!nCU!
want!vT!
warrior!nC!
warfare!nU!
wartime!nU/adj!!see!
1!
also!@!time

1(

warden!nC!

forward/forwards!
adv!!direction!

afterwards!adv!Brit/(
afterward!adv!Am!

ward!nC!!room!in!
hospital,!prison,!etc!
forward!adj!
upward!adj!

want !!desire,!wish!

ward

ward /;ward/;wards(

downwards!adv!Brit/! outward!adj!
downward!adv!Am!

wallpaper!nCU!
wallpaper!vT!!see!also!
@!paper(
(

downward!adj!
northward/(

also!@!sleep
wall(in/off/up!phr!v!
walled!adj!
(
(
wander!nC!
wanderer!nC!
wandering!nU!
wander(off!phr!v!
want!nC!
wanted!adj!
wanting!adj!
warring(!adj!
warlord!nC!!see!also!
@!lord(
warmonger!nC!
civil(war!nCU!!see!
2!
also!@!civil
guerrilla(war/(
warfare((see!also!@!
guerrilla(
postwar!adj!
pre;war!adj!
prisoner(of(war!nC!!
see!also!@!prison/(
prisoner(
warder!nC!Brit!!
prison!guard!
backwardness!nU!
forward!vT!

631!

headword(

A1(

A2(

B1(

B2(

forward/forwards!
adv!!time!
towards!prep!Brit/(
toward!prep!Am!

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backward!adj!
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upwards!adv!Brit/(
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onwards!adv!Brit/!
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wardrobe(

ware/warehouse!!
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see!also!@!house (

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northwards!adv!
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adv!
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warehouse!nC!
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hardware!nU!!for!
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wares!npl!
earthenware!nU!
hardware!nU!metal!
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warrant!nC!

warrant !!official!
document!
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warrant !!justify!

warn!vIT!
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warrant!vT!

warranty(

warranty!nC!

warrior!!see!also!@!
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wary!!see!also!@!
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warrior!nC!

wary!adj!

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washing;up!nU!Brit!
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washing!nU!

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waste(

waste!nU!!misuse!of!
money!
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bin!nC!esp!Brit!/(
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Am!!see!also!@!
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watchful!adj!
watchfulness!nU!
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keep(watch(
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see!also!@!mineral(

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way!nC!!route,!path!
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way!n!sing!Brit/ways!
n!pl!Am!!distance!

way!adv!!far!
give(way!phr!v!

on(the(way(to/from(
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sideways!adj/adv!!
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see!also!@!side

way!nC!

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brainwave!nC!!see!
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crime(wave!nC!!see!
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waxed!adj!
waxy!adj!
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all/some/part(of((
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go(out(of(ones(way(
lose(ones(way(
in(the(way/in(sbs(
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make(ones(way(to(
make(way((for)(
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to(be/get(
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way!!see!also!@!
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way(of(life!!see!also!@!
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have(ones((own)(
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railway!nCU!

motorway!nC!Brit!!
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subway!nC!Am!

freeway!nC!Am!
highway!nC!esp!Am!
runway!nC!

gateway!nC!!see!also!@!
gate(
pathway!nC!!see!also!@!
path(

WC(nC!abbrev(

no(way!informal!
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one(way(or(another(
way(in/way(out!nC!
Brit!
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dual(carriageway!nC!!
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see!also!@!carriage ,!
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see!also!@!express
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gangway!nC!!aisle!
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spillway!nC!!see!also!
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we!pron!!everyone(

weak(

we!pron!!1 !person!
plural!
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weak(adj!

weaken!vIT!

weakly!adv!

weakened!adj!
weakening!adj!

wealth(

weakness!nU!!lack!of!
strength!
weakness!nC!!
deficiency!
wealth!nU!
wealthy!adj!

the(wealthy!nU!

way /;way!!
entrance,!road,!etc!

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underwear!nU!

wear !!erode,!grow!
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wear(out!phr!v!
worn;out!adj!

weary(

weather(

weather!nU!

weave(

weather(forecast!nC!!
see!also!@!forecast(
weave!vIT!

weary!adj!
wearily!adv!
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web!nC!

weaponry!nU!
weaponize!vT!
wearer!nC!
worn!adj!
unworn!neg!adj!
wear(!nU!
wearing!adj!
worn!adj!
wear(away!phr!v!
wear(off!phr!v!
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weariness!nU!
weather!vT!
under(the(weather(
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interweave!vT!
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web !!internet!

wed/wedding(

web/the(web!n!sing!
website!nC!!see!also!
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wedding!nC!

wedding(cake!nCU!!
see!also!@!cake(

wedge(

weed(

wedge!nC!
wedge!vT!
weed!nC!
weed!vIT!

wed!vIT!
unwed!neg!adj!
wedlock!nU!
wedged!adj!

wear !!clothing!

web !!spiders!

weaver!nC!

weeding!nU!
weedkiller!nU!!see!
also!@!kill/killer(
seaweed!nU!!see!
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week(

week!nC!
weekend!nC!

weekly!adj!
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weekly!adv!
weekday!nC!!see!also!
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weep(

weep!vIT!

weigh(

weight!nCU!!amount!

weigh!vT!

weight!nC!!sth!used!
for!weighing,!etc!
weight!nC!!heavy!
object,!load!

overweight!adj!

weird(

weird!adj!

welcome(

welcome!vT!!greet!

welcome!!exclam!
welcome!adj!

welfare(

welfare!nU!

welcome!nCU!
welcome!vT!!
support,!encourage!
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well!adv!!in!a!good!
manner,!successfully!
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well!adv!!completely,! as(well(
thoroughly,!easily!
well(done!!exclam!
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well;known!adj!!see!
also!@!know/known(
well;made!adj/adv!!

well !!in!a!good/!
successful!manner!

X(

weekly!nC!!weekly!
publication!
midweek!adj/adv!!
see!also!@!middle/(
mid;(
weeping!nU!
weeping!adj!
weeping(willow!nC!!
see!also!@!willow(
weight!vI!
weighted!adj!
weightless!neg!adj!
weighty!adj!
carry(weight!!be!
influential!
pull(ones(weight(
throw(ones(weight(
about/around(
outweigh!vT!
heavyweight!adj/nC((
see!also!@(heavy(
lightweight!adj/nC!!
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see!also!@!light
weirdly!adv!
unwelcome!neg!adj!
youre(welcome!
exclam!
(
go(well(with(
just(as(well(
may(as(well(
well;built!adj!!see!
2
also!@!build /built(

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well;intentioned!adj!!
see!also!@!intend/(
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well;kept!adj!!see!
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also!@!keep /kept(
well;meaning!adj!!
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see!also!@!mean

see!also!@!make/(
made(

well!adj!

well;being!nU!

unwell!neg!adj!

well /well!((
exclamation(
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well !!source!of!
water,!oil,!etc!
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well!!exclam!

well!nC!

oil(well!nC!!see!also!
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west(

west!nU/adv/adj!
W!nU/adv/adj!
abbrev!
western!adj!!
direction!

the(West!nU!!
political!group!
western!adj!!political!

westward!adj/adv!!see!
2
also!@!ward /((
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western!nC!!film,!
book,!etc!
westernmost!adj!

wet(

wet!adj!

northwest/north;
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northwestern!adj!
southwest/south;
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southwestern!adj(
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wet!vT!

whale(

whale!nC!

what(

what!det!!question!
what!det/pron!!!the!
thing!that(
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what((for?(
what(about(?!!
suggestion!
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no!matter!what!
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the(wet!n!sing!Brit!
wetness!nU!
whaling!nU!
whaler!nC!
what(if(?(
what(is(sb/sth(like?(

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anything,!all!!
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whatsoever(
wheat(

wheat!nU!

wheel(

wheel!nC!

wheel!vT!

when(

when!adv/conj!

whenever(

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where(

whereabouts(

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anywhere!adv!!in!
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whatsoever!adv!
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see!also!@!steer(
wheelchair!nC!!see!
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spare(wheel!nC!!see!
also!@!spare(
wheelclamp!nC!!see!
also!@!clamp(
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anywhere!adv!!
wherever!possible!

elsewhere!adv!
nowhere!adv!

whereas!conj!

whereabouts!adv!
whereabouts!n!pl!
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whereby(

whereby!adv!formal!

wherever(

wherever!adv!

whether(

whether!conj!
whether((or(
which(det/pron!!
questions!

which!det/pron!!
explaining!what!is!
meant,!referred!to!
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which!det/pron!!
adding!information!

whichever!det/pron!

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all(the(while(
once(in(a(while(
be(worth(ones(
while(
whipped!adj!
whipping!nCU!
whip(up!phr!v!!make/!
cook!sth!quickly!

which(

whichever(

while/whilst(

while!conj!!during!
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while!conj/whilst!
conj!Brit!formal!!
although!

whip(

whip!vT!!beat!with!a!
whip!

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whip!vT!!beat!(in!
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whirl!vIT!

whisk(

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whisky/whiskey(

whisper(

whistle(

whistling!nU!

white(

white!nU!
white!adj!

whisper!vIT!
whisper!nC!
whistle!vIT!
whistle!nC!
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whisky!nCU!Brit!&!
Scot/(whiskey!nCU!
Am!&!Irish!
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whirl!nC!
whirlpool!nC!!see!
also!@!pool(
whirlwind!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!wind
whisk!nC!
whisked!adj!
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who/whom/whose(

who!pron!!defining!
person!referred!to!

whoever(

who!pron!!in!
questions!
whom!pron!formal!
whose!pron/det!
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whiten!vIT!
whiteness!nU!
whitish!adj!
white;collar!adj((see!
also!@!collar(
white(lie!nC!!see!also!
2!
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whitewash!vT!
whitewash!nC!!see!
also!@!wash(
in(black(and(white!!
see!also!@!black(
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whoever!pron!

whole(

whole!adj!

whole/the(whole!n!
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as(a(whole(
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wholesale!!see!also!
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wholesale!adj!

why!adv!

why!conj!

wicked(

wicked!adj!

wide/width(

wide!adj!!broad,!
describing!width!

wide!adj!!describing!
range,!variety,!etc!
widely!adv!

width!nU!

wide!adj!!
completely:!wide!
awake,!etc!
widen!vIT!

worldwide!adj/adv!!
see!also!@!world(

widow/widower(

widow!nC!

wield(

wield!vT!

wife(

wife!nC!

wig(

housewife!nC!!see!
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wig!nC!

wild!adj!!natural;!not!
manLmade!
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wildly!adv!
wilderness!nCU!
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wildlife!nU!!see!also!
@!life(
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will!nCU!

will!vT!

unwilling!neg!adj!

willingly!adv!

willingness!nU!

goodwill!nU!!see!also!
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@!good

wild(

wild!adj!!untamed,!
violent,!etc!
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will !!see!@!be(
will!modal!!
expressing!future!
will!modal!!
expressing!intention!
will!modal!!request!
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will !!mental!capacity! (

free(will!nU!!see!also!
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willing!adj/be(willing(
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why(not?!!exclam!
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wickedly!adv!
far(and(wide!!see!
also!@!far(
wide;ranging!adj!!
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see!also!@!range
widespread!adj!!see!
also!@!spread(
widowed!adj!
widower!nC!
unwieldy!neg!adj!
midwife!nC!
midwifery!nU(
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the(wild!nU!
go(wild(
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unwillingly!neg!adv!
unwillingness!nU!
do(sth(at(will(
wilful!adj!Brit/willful!
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wilfully/willfully!adv!

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will !!legal!document!

will!nC!

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win(

win!vIT!!opp.!lose!

winner!nC!

win!nC!

winning!adj!

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windy!adj!

windsurfing!nU!!see!
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windscreen!nC!Brit!!see!
1!
also!@!screen
windshield!nC!Am!!see!
also!@!shield(

wind !!twist,!turn!

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winding!adj!

window(

window!nC!

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X(

Brit/Am!
wilfulness/(
willfullness!nU!
Brit/Am!
last(will(and(
testament!!see!also!
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weeping(willow!nC!!
see!also!@!weep(
win(out/through!phr!
v!
win(over!phr!v!
prize;winning!adj(
prize;winner!nC!!see!
also!@!prize(
whirlwind!nC!!see!
also!@!whirl(
windmill!nC!!see!also!
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in(the(wind(
windscreen(wiper!nC!
Brit!!see!also!@!
wipe,(screen(
windshield(wiper!nC!
Am!!see!also!@!
shield,(wipe(
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wound(up!adj!
unwind!vI!
bay(window!nC!!see!
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window;dressing!nU!!

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see!also!@!left
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see!also!@!right
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wink!vI!
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winter(

winter!nCU!

wipe(

wipe!vT!

wipe!nC!

wire(

wire!nCU!!thin!metal!

wireless!adj!

wire!vT!

wing !!bird,!aircraft!
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see!also!@!dress
window(frame!nC!!
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see!also!@!frame
window(shopping!
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wingless(!neg!adj!
left;winger!nC!!see!
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also!@!left
right;winger!nC!!see!
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also!@!right
in(the(wink(of(an(eye(
wink(at!phr!v!!
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forty(winks!n!pl!
winter!vI!
wintry!adj!
midwinter!nU!!see!
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wiper!nC!
windscreen(wiper!nC!
Brit!!see!also!@!
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windshield(wiper!nC!
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wipe(out!phr!v!!
destroy!
wipe(up!phr!v!
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with(

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wiring!nU!

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wiry!adj!
razor(wire!nU!!see!
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unwisely!neg!adv!

wise!adj!
wisdom!nU!
wish!nC!

wisely!adv!
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wit!nU!!humour!

witty!adj!

witch!nC!

with!prep!!!by!means!
of!
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withdrawal!nCU!

withhold(

with!prep!!
accompanying!
withdraw!vIT!!
remove!money,!etc!
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wishful!adj!
grant(a(wish(
wit!nC!
witticism!nC!
witchcraft!nU!!see!
1!
also!@!craft
witch;doctor!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!doctor
witch;hunt!nC!!see!
also!@!hunt(
bewitch!vT!
bewitched!adj!
bewitching!adj!
(

withhold!vT!

withheld!adj!

within(

within!adv/prep!

without(

without!prep!

within(reason!!see!
also!@!reason(
do/go(without!phr!v!

withstand(

withstand!vT!

witness(

witness!nC!
witness!vT!

eyewitness!nC!!see!
also!@!eye(
witness(box!nC!esp!
1
Brit!!see!also!@!box (
witness(stand!nC!esp!

withdraw(

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B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

wizard(

wizard!nC!

Am!!see!also!@!
1(
stand
wizardry!nU!

wolf(

wolf!nC!

wolf!vT!!eat!quickly!

1!

woman!nC!

womanhood!nU!

woman /;woman!!
3(
see!also!@!man

chairwoman!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!chair

spokeswoman!nC!!
see!also!@!speak,(
spoken(

policewoman!nC!!see! businesswoman!nC!!
1(
also!@!police(
see!also!@!business
sportswoman!nC!!
see!also!@!sport(

womb(

congresswoman!nC!
Am!!see!also!@!
1!
congress
saleswoman!nC!!see!
also!@!sale/sell(
(

womb!nC!

career(woman!nC!!
see!also!@!career(
gentlewoman!nC!
yachtswoman!nC!!
see!also!@!yacht(
(

wonder!vI!

wonder(if/whether!!
request!
wonderful!adj!

wonder!nCU!
wonder!vI!!!

wood!nCU!

wooden!adj!

woodwork!nU!!see!also!
2!
@!work

wood !!small!forest!

wood!nC!often!pl!

wool(

wool!nU!!sheep!hair!
wool!nU!!thread!

woodland!nCU!!see!also!
1!
@!land
(

wonderfully!adv!
wondrous!adj!
no(wonder(
woody!adj!
driftwood!nU!!see!
also!@!drift(
pinewood!nU!!see!
also!@!pine(
woodworm!nCU!!see!
also!@!worm(
wooded!adj!
(
woollen!adj!Brit/!
woolen!adj!Am!
woolly!adj!Brit/!
wooly!adj!Am!
woolly!nC!usu!pl!Brit!
cottonwool!nU!Brit!!
see!also!@!cotton(

woman

wonder !!speculate!
wonder !!sth!
amazing!
wood !!substance!
from!trees!

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work!nU!!
work!vI!!have!a!job!
employment!
works!n!pl!!factory!
work!nU!!activity!
when!employed!
work!vIT!!carry!out!
ones!job!
worker!nC!!employee!
working!adj!!having!
employment!

work!nU!

homework!nU(

housework!nU(

work !!activity!
needing!effort!

word!nC!!small!unit!
of!language!

A2(

word!n!sing!!short!
conversation/have(a(
word((with(sb)(
password!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!pass
in(other(words(
work!n!sing!!place!of!
work!
working!adj!!relating!
to!employment!
working(hours!n!pl!!
see!also!@!hour(
workman!nC!!see!
3!
also!@!man
workshop!!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!shop
out(of(work!adj!
office(worker!nC!!see!
1
also!@!office !
!

work !!employment!

A1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

word!vT!
wording!nU!
crossword!nC/(
crossword(puzzle!nC!!
see!also!@!puzzle(

working!nU!
workforce!n!sing!!see! workload!nC!!see!also!
4(
1!
working(class!adj/nC!! also!@!force
@!load
3!
see!also!@!class
workplace!nC!!see!
hard;working!adj!!see!
1(
2(
also!@!place
also!@!hard
(
workstation!nC!
co;worker!nC!esp!Am!

hard;working!adj!!see!
2(
also!@!hard
paperwork!nU!!see!also!
1(
@!paper
woodwork!nU!!see!also!
1!
@!wood
(

X(

in(a(word(
put(in(a(good(word(
(for(sb)(
word(for(word(
swear(word!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!swear
out(of(work(
workhouse!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!house
workmate!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!mate
(be)(at(work(
go(to(work(
overwork!nU(
overworked!adj!
social(worker!nC!!see!
1
also!@!society /(
social(
(
teamwork!nU!!see!
also!@!team(
work(at/on!phr!v!
work(off!phr!v!
work(sth(out!phr!v!
work(up!phr!v!
brickwork!nU!!see!
also!@!brick(
handiwork!nU!!see!
also!@!handy(
needlework!nU!!see!
also!@!needle(
patchwork!nU!!see!
also!@!patch(
piecework!nU!!see!

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also!@!piece(
pipework!nU!!see!
also!@!pipe(
workbench!nC!!see!
also!@!bench(
workhorse!nC!!see!
also!@!horse(
workmanship!nU!
3

work!nC!

work !!function!

4!

work!vI!

working!adj!

world(

world/the(world!n!
sing!!planet!Earth!

world!nU!!population! (
of!the!world!

worm(

work !!artistic!
creation!

X(

artwork!nU!!see!also!
1!
@!art
work(of(art!nC!!see!
1(
also!@!art
(

worldwide!adj/adv!!
see!also!@!wide(

worm!nC!

workable!adj!
unworkable!neg!adj!
workings!n!pl!
clockwork!nU/adj!!
see!also!@!clock(
world!nC!!area!of!
activity/interest!
worldly!adj!
worldliness!nU!
in(the(world(
third;world!n!sing/!
adj!
bookworm!nC!
informal!!see!also!@!
1(
book
earthworm!nC!!see!
2(
also!@!earth
silkworm!nC!!see!
(
also!@!silk
tape(worm!nC!!see!
2
also!@!tape (
woodworm!nCU!!see!

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A2(

B1(

B2(

C1(

C2(

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1(

worry(

!!

worse/worst see!
also!@!bad/badly(

worship(

worth !!value!
2

worth !!importance!

would!!modal!!!

wound(

worry!vI!!be!unhappy! (
about!problems!

worried!adj!

worst!superlat!
adj/adv!
worst/the(worst!n!
sing!
(

worse!comp!adj!

worse!comp!adv!

worth!nU!
worth!prep!
(

would!modal!!future!
would!!modal!!
intention!
would(!modal!!
possible(
(

also!@!wood
worryingly!adv!
dont(worry!!!exclam!

worry!vT!!be!
concerned!about!
sb/sth!
worry!nC!
(

worrying!adj!

get(worse(
worsen!vIT!
worsening!adj!

worship!vT!!offer!
prayer,!etc!
worship!nU!!prayer,!
etc!
(

worship!vT!love!
worship!nU!!love!

worthless!neg!adj!

worth!nU!
be(worth(it(

worthwhile!adj!

worthy!adj!formal!

would!modal!!
wiiling/able!

would!modal!!
request,!offer!

would;be!adj!

worshipper!nC!Brit/!
worshiper!nC!Am!
worshipping!nU!Brit/!
worshiping!nU!Am!
be(worth(sth(
(
unworthy!neg!adj!
be(worth(doing/(
having(sth(
be(worth(your(while(
(

wounded!adj!

woven!adj!

woven!!see!@!weave( (

wound!nC!
wound!vT!
(

wow!(

wow!!exclam!

wow(factor!nC!

wrap(

wrap!vT!
wrap(up!phr!v!

wrap!nC!

wrapper!nC!
wrapping!nU!
unwrap!vT!
unwrapped!neg!adj!
wrapping(paper!nU!!

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see!also!@!paper(
wrathful!adj!

wrath(

wrath!nU!

wreck(

wrestle(

wreck!vT!
wreck!nC!
wreckage!nU!
shipwreck!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!ship
wrestle!vT!

wretched(

wretched!adj!

wrinkle(

wrinkle!nC!

wrist(

wrist!nC!

write(

write!vT!
writer!nC!

write(down!phr!v!
writing!nU!!
handwriting!
writing!nU!!sth!
written!

written!adj!

in(writing(

handwriting!nU!!see!
1(
also!@!hand

rewrite!vT!
typewriter!nC!!see!also!
2!
@!type

wrong(

wrong!adj!!opp.!right!
wrong!adj!!sinful,!
immoral,!illegal,!etc!

wrong!adv!informal!

wrong!nCU!

wrongly!adv!

Xx(

wrinkle!vT!
wrinkled!adj!
wristwatch!nC!!see!
2!
also!@!watch
write(off!phr!v!
handwritten!adj!!see!
1(
also!@!hand
scriptwriter(nC!!see!
also!@!script(
songwriter!nC!!see!
also!@!song(
unwritten!neg!adj!
wrong!vT!
go(wrong(
in(the(wrong(
wrongdoer!nC!
wrongdoing!nU!
wrongful!adj!
(

x;ray(

x;ray!nC!
x;ray!vT!

wrecked!adj!

wrestling!nU!
wrestler(nC!
wretch!nC!

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B2(

C1(

C2(

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Yy(

ya!!!see!also!@!yes,(
yea/yeah/yeh(
yacht(

ya!!!exclam!informal!

yacht!nC!

yard !!measure:!3!
feet!
2
yard !!work!area;!
garden!

yard!nC!

yachting!nU!
yachtsman!nC!!see!
3!
also!@!man
yachtswoman!nC!!
2!
see!also!@!woman
yardstick!nC!

yard!nC!!work!area;!
surfaced!area!
yard!nC!Am!!garden!

backyard!nC!Am!!see!
2(
also!@!back
schoolyard!nC!Am!!
see!also!@!school(

courtyard!nC!

churchyard!nC!!see!also!
@!church(
graveyard!nC!!see!also!
1!
@!grave
shipyard!nC!!see!also!@!
1(
ship

yarn(

yarn!nU!!thread!

barnyard!nC!!see!
also!@!barn(
boatyard!nC!!see!also!
@!boat(
dockyard!nC!!see!
also!@!dock(
farmyard!nC!!see!
(
also!@!farm
vineyard!nC!!see!also!
@!vine(
(

yawn(

yea/yeah/yeh!!see!
also!@!yes(
year(

yea/yeah/yeh!!
exclam/adv!informal!
year!nC!!12!months!

yawn!vI!
yawn!nC!
(

yearly!adj/adv!

leap(year!nC!
for(years(
year;round!adj!
all(year(round(
year(in,(year(out(
year(by/after(year(
from(year(to(year(

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yearn(

yearn!vI!

financial(year!nC!!see!
also!@!finance(
fiscal(year!nC!!see!
also!@!fiscal(
midyear!nU/adj!!see!
also!@!middle/mid;(
yearning!nCU!

yell(

yellow(

yellowish!adj!

yes(

yes!exclam/adv!!
agreement!
yes!exclam/adv!!
acknowledgement!
yes!nC!
yesterday!nC!
yesterday!adv!
yet!adv!!until!now!
yet!adv!!in!the!future!
not(yet!adv!
(

yellow!nCU!
yellow!adj!
(

yell!vIT!
yell!nC!
(

the(day(before(
yesterday(
(

yet!conj!

the(best/worst,(etc(
yet(
as(yet!
(

yesterday(
1

yet !!until!now;!in!
the!future!
2

yet !!but!
1

yield!vT!

unyielding!neg!adj!

yield !!produce!

yogurt/yoghurt(

yogurt/yoghurt!nCU!

yield!vT!
yield!nC!
(

you(

you!pron!!2 !person!
sing/plural!
your!det!!belonging!
to!you!
yourself/yourselves!
reflexive!pron!!!

you(pron!!people,!
one!
your!det!!relating!to!
people!
your!det!informal!!
example!

yield !!surrender!

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by(yourself(
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A2(

young(

young!adj!

yours!pron!
yourself!pron!!
emphasis!
(

yours!!letter!ending!

yours!

youth(

Zz(

B1(

C1(

C2(

X(

youngster!nC!

yours(truly!Brit/truly(
yours!Am!

youthful!adj!

youth(hostel!nC!!see!
also!@!hostel(

yours(faithfully!Brit/(
faithfully(yours!Am!
yours(sincerely!Brit/(
sincerely(yours!Am!
youth!nU!!time!when! (
people!are!young!
youth!nC!!young!
person!
youth!nU!!young!
people!
(
(

zeal(

zealously!adv!

zebra(

zeal!nU!
zealous!adj!
zebra!nC!

zero(

zero!nU!!0!degrees!

zinc(

zero!nCU!!nothing,!
none,!0!
(

zebra(crossing!nC!
Brit!!see!also!@!
1(
cross
zero(in!phr!v!

zinc!nU!

zip/zipper(

zip!nC!Brit/zipper!nC!
Am!
zip/zip(up!vT(

zone(

zone!nC!!area!
zone!nC!!specific!
area!!time!zone,!
temperature!zone,!
comfort!zone,!etc!

unzip!vT!
zip(fastener!nC!Brit!!
see!also!@!
2
fast /fasten(
euro(zone!n!sing!!see!
also!@!euro(

the(young!n!pl!

B2(

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zoo(

A1(

A2(

B1(

zoo!nC!

B2(

C1(

C2(

X(

zookeeper!nC!!see!
2
also!@!keep /keeper(

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