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Pin Hole Camera , .


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Compur .


1816: Niepce ,
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1826: Niepce
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Kodak Brownie 127 ( ).

Kodak Brownie .

Daguerre Niepce ,
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1829: Niepce Daguerre
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1833: , o Talbot,
Daguerre Niepce, .
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Zeiss Ikon .

Kodak Brownie no. 620.


1839: .
Daguerre.
1847: , .
Abel Niepce, Niepce.
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1856: . Nadar 70
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Argus, , 35 .

Agfa Kodak .


1868: . Ducos dy Hauron Gross
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1879: Eastman.
1888: Eastman. George
Eastman Kodak .
. 1888
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC,
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Leica .


1889: Zeiss,
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1925: Leica .

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1930: Philo Taylor Farnsworth Vladimir
Kosma Zoworykin.
1936: BBC.
1940: .
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1947 (slide) Ektachrome Kodak.


1948: Polaroid
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1950: Photokina,
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Exacta. ().

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Leica .


1959: .
1972: CCD Bell Systems
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1997: .
2000:
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CCD.

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f/16


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1/500.

1/125.

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MANUAL
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RED EYE REDUCTION


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SLOW SYNC
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FILL FLASH
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AUTO
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1:1,5 Leica 35
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2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22, 32.


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50mm "" .


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20mm.

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(MACRO, MICRO, FISHEYE)


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fisheye.

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macro .

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1/125.

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