The 2012 Summary of Published

Medical Journal Articles

Involving Body Piercing, Modifications, & Tattooing
Submitted on 12 29 12
Scott L. DeBoer RN,MSN,CFRN
Founder: Peds-R-Us Medical Education
Flight Nurse: University of Chicago Hospitals
888-280-7337 (2) scott@peds-r-us.com

List of 2012 Published Medical Articles on Body Art

126 published medical articles in 2012

Almeida, P., et al. (2012). Quantification of p-phenylenediamine and 2-hydroxy-1,4napthoquinone in henna tattoos. Contact Dermatitis. 66(1). 33-37.
Arasaratnam, R., et al. (2012). Repair of large holes in stretched earlobes. Clin
Otolaryngol. 36(6). 597-598.
Babin-Muise, D., et al. (2012). Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum in a tattoo site. J
Cutan Med Surg. 16(4). 286-287.
Bandodkar, A., et al. (2012, Oct 26). Tattoo-based potentiometric ion-selective sensors
for epidermal pH monitoring. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg.
Beavis, A., et al. (2012). Tattoo pigment lymphadenopathy mimicking metastasis in
vulvar cancer. Obstet Gynecol. 120 (2 pt 2 suppl 1). 442-444.
Bencini, P., et al. (2012, Sept 17). Removal of tattoos by Q-switched laser: Variables
influencing outcome and sequelae in a large cohort of treated patients. Arch Dermatol.
1-7.
Bitritto, D. (2012). Tattoo acceptance. 42(8). Nursing. 8.
Blanchette, H. (2012). Tattoo pigment lymphadenopathy. Obstet Gynecol. 120(2 Pt 2).
437-438.
Brauer, J., et al. (2012). Successful and rapid treatment of blue and green tattoo pigment
with a novel picoseconds laser. Arch Dermatol. 148(7). 820-823.
Bui, E., et al. (2012, April 12). Body piercing and post-traumatic stress disorder
symptoms in young adults. Stress Health.
Carman, M. (2012). Pierce out! Todays FDA. 24(2). 14-15, 17.
Caroni, M. & Grossman, E. (2012). Perceptions of healthcare providers toward body art:
Adornment or stigma? Cien Saude Colet. 17(4). 1061-1070.
Cencic, B., et al. (2012). Optodynamic monitoring of laser tattoo removal. J Biomed Opt.
17(4). 047003.
Chang, Y., et al. (2012). The alternative ear-piercing technique by using superpulsed
carbon dioxide laser: A comparative study with spring-loaded gun. Eur Arch
Otorrhinolaryngol. 269(1). 339-343.

Chuang, G., et al. (2012). Ultraviolet-fluorescent tattoo location of cutaneous biopsy site.
Dermatol Surg. 38(3). 479-483.
Clark, J. (2012). Tattoo you. Air Med J. 31(2). 68-69.
Croccia, M., et al. (2012). Aortic pseudoaneurysm due to piercing ring injury. Eur J
Cardiothorac Surg. 42(2). 378.
Cugno, S., et al. (2012). Beyond the borders of keloid formation: A case report. Can J
Plast Surg. 19(1). E10-e11.
Curco, N., et al. (2012, June 29). Cutaneous infection in a tattoo due to mycobacterium
chelonae: A report of 2 cases and a review of the literature. Actas Dermosifiliogr.
Darrieutort-Laffite, C., et al. (2012, Sept 19). Candida albicans diskitis after body
piercing in an immunocompetent patient. Joint Bone Spine.
DeBoer, S., et al. (2012, November 9). Yet another piercing to play with: Removal of
surface anchors. Journal of Emergency Nursing.
De Roeck, A., et al. (2012, June 19). Florid pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia related to
tattoo: A case report. Int Wound J.
Ekinci, O., et al. (2012, March 22). The association of tattooing/body piercing and
psychopathology in adolescents: A community based study from Istanbul. Community
Ment Health J.
Fioramonti, P., et al. (2012, Nov 11). A successful collagenase and hyaluronic acid
topical use combined with antibiotic therapy in the treatment of ulcerative lesions arising
on tattoo. Case Report Med.
Fircanis, S., et al. (2012). The girl with the iron tattoo. Am Fam Physician. 86(7). 669670.
Fors, R., et al. (2012, Jan 26). Lifestyle and nickel allergy in a Swedish adolescent
population: Effects of piercing, tattooing, and orthodontic appliances. Acta Derm
Venereol.
Fors, R., et al. (2012, May 28). Nickel allergy in relation to piercing and orthodontic
appliances A population study. Contact Dermatitis.
Galle, F., et al. (2012). Body art practices and health risks: Young adults knowledge in
two regions of southern Italy. Ann Ig. 24(6). 535-542.

Garcovich, S., et al. (2012). Lichenoid red tattoo reaction: Histological and
immunological perspectives. Eur J Dermatol. 22(1). 93-96.
Gill, J., et al. (2012). Oral piercing injuries treated in the United States emergency
departments, 2002-2008. Pediatr Dent. 34(1). 56-60.
Giuca, M., et al. (2012). Dental and periodontal complications of labial and tongue
piercing. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 26(3). 553-560.
Green, J., et al. (2012). Optimizing outcomes of laser tattoo removal.
Skintherapyletter.com. Volume 17.
Griffith, R. (2012). Time to repeal the Tattooing of Minors Act 1969. Br J Nursing.
21(18). 1102-1103.
Grillo, E., et al. (2012). Lesions on tattooed skin A case study. Aust Fam Physician.
41(5). 308-309.
Haddad, C., et al. (2012). Delayed complication from a tattoo. Am Fam Physician. 86(7).
669-670.
Hammes, S., et al. (2012, Nov 29). Treatment errors resulting from use of lasers and IPL
by medical laypersons: Results of a nationwide survey. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges.
Heywood, W., et al. (2012). Who gets tattoos? Demographic and behavioral correlates of
ever being tattooed in a representative sample of men and women. Ann Epidemiol. 22(1).
51-56.
Hogsberg, T., et al. (2012, June 25). High prevalence of minor symptoms in tattoos
among a young population tattooed with carbon black and organic pigments. J Eur Acad
Dermatol Venereol.
Holbrook, J., et al. (2012). Body piercing: Complications and prevention of health risks.
Am J Clin Dermatol. 13(1). 1-17.
Humphries, A., et al. (2012, Sept 15). Determination of the thermal and physical
properties of black tattoo ink using compound analysis. Lasers Med Sci.
Hwang, K., et al. (2012). Which type of earring and which piercing point is safest with
regard to tearing through the ear by an external force ? Dermatol Surg. 38(5). 772-777.
Kapferer, I. & Beier, U. (2012). Lateral lower lip piercing Prevelance of associated oral
complications: A split-mouth cross-sectional study. Quintessence Int. 43(9). 747-752.

Karacaoglan, U. (2012). Tattoo and taboo: On the meaning of tattoos in the analytic
process. Int J Psychoanal. 93(1). 5-28.
Keating, S., et al. (2012). Evaluation of EMLA cream for preventing pain during
tattooing of rabbits: Changes in physiological, behavioural and facial expression
responses. PLoS One. 7(9). E44437.
Kelly, B. & Foster, C. (2012). Should female genital cosmetic surgery and genital
piercing be regarded ethically and legally as female genital mutilation? BJOG. 119(4).
389-392.
Kennedy, B., et al. (2012, August 22). Outbreak of mycobacterium chelonae infection
associated with tattoo ink. New England Journal of Medicine.
Kent, K., et al. (2012). Laser tattoo removal: A review. Dermatol Surg. 38(1). 1-13.
Kind, F., et al. (2012, Feb 2). Contact dermatitis to para-phenylenediamine in hair dye
following sensitization to black henna tattoos An ongoing problem. J Dtsch Dermatol
Ges.
Kinner, S., et al. (2012, May 30). High-risk drug-use practices among a large sample of
Australian prisoners. Drug Alcohol Depend.
Kirby, W., et al. (2012, Dec 3). Superficial frostbite masquerading as ecchymosis from
improper cryotherapy use after Q-switched laser tattoo treatment. Dermatol Surg.
Kluger, N. (2012). Can a mother get a tattoo during pregnancy or while breastfeeding?
European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology.
Kluger, N. (2012). Genital piercings: Epidemiology, sociocultural aspects, sexuality, and
complications. Presse Med. 41(1). 21-31.
Kluger, N., et al. (2012). Granuloma annulare within the red dye of a tattoo. J Dermatol.
39(2). 191-193.
Kluger, N. & Kiljonen, V. (2012). Tattoos, inks, and cancer. Lancet: Oncology. 13.
E161-e168.
Kluger, N., et al. (2012). Tattoos and dermatological, plastic, and visceral surgery. Ann
Dermatol Venereol. 139(5). 369-374.
Kluger, N. (2012). Acute complications of tattooing presenting in the ED. American
Journal of Emergency Medicine.
Kluger, N. et al. (2012, May 28). Navel piercing during pregnancy: A cautionary tale for
the family physician, the obstetrician and the midwife. Presse Med.

Kluger, N. et al. (2012, July 16). Chemical burn and hypertrophic scar due to misuse of
wart ointment for tattoo removal. Int J Dermatol.
Kluger, N. (2012, June 26). Vitiligo on a tattoo: Association rather than cause. Int J
Dermatol.
Kluger, N., et al. (2012). Piercings What the physician needs to know. Duodecim.
128(13). 1363-1370.
Kluger, N., et al. (2012, July 16). Tattoo-induced edema of the lower limbs mimicking
cellulitis: Report of two cases. Int J Dermatol.
Kluger, N., et al. (2012, May 28). A new purpose for tattoos: Medical alert tattoos. Presse
Med.
Kluger, N. (2012). Ultraviolet-fluorescent tattoo for radiotherapy marking? Dermatol
Surg. 38(6). 966-967.
Kluger, N. & Koljonen, V. (2012, Oct 26). The surgeon, the tattoo and the black lymph node. J Plast
Reconstr Aesthet Surg.

Kluger, N. (2012). Acute complications of tattooing presenting in the ED. Am J Emerg

Med. 30(9). 2055-2063.
Kolnes, K. (2012). Tattoo and MRI. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 132(16). 1873.
Kossida, T., et al. (2012). Optimal tattoo removal in a single laser session based on the
method of repeated exposures. J Am Acad Dermatol. 66(2). 271-277.
Kumar, G., et al. (2012). Granuloma pyogenicum as a complication of decorative nose
piercing: Report of 8 cases from eastern India. J Cutan Med Surg. 16(3). 197-200.
Lane, J. & OToole, G. (2012). Complications of ear rings. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg.
65(5). 747-751.
Leblanc, P., et al. (2012, August 22). Tattoo ink-related infections Awareness,
diagnosis, reporting, and prevention. New England Journal of Medicine.
Lyons, M., et al. (2012). High ear-piercing: An increasingly popular procedure with
serious complications: Is good clinical practice exercised? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.
269(3). 1041-1045.
Mao, J. & Dejoseph, M. (2012). Latest innovations for tattoo and permanent makeup
removal. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 20(2). 125-134.

Martino, S., et al. (2012). Perceptions of visible piercings: A pilot study. Psychol Rep.
109(3). 755-758.
McGouran, D., et al. (2012). A case of cutaneous diphtheria in New Zealand. NZ Med J.
125(1350). 93-95.
MMWR. (2012). Tattoo-associated nontuberculous mycobacterial skin infections
multiple states, 2011-2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 61. 653-656.
Nelius, T., et al. (2012). A relationship between female genital piercings and genital
mutilation? BJOG. 119(7). 895-896.
No author listed. (2012). The piercing truth about tongue splitting and oral jewelry. J Am
Dent Assoc. 143(7). 814.
Nowosielski, K., et al. (2012, May 22). Tattoos, piercing, and sexual behaviors in young
adults. J Sex Med.
OConnor, M. & Phelan, M. (2012). Safety of body piercings for rheumatology patients
on immunosuppressive medications. 105(5). 157.
Oliver, W. & Leone, L. (2012, March 12). Digital UV/IR photography for tattoo
evaluation in mummified remains. J Forensic Sci.
Ortiz, A., et al. (2012). Rising concern over cosmetic tattoos. Dermatol Surg. 38(3). 424429.
Ortiz, A., et al. (2012, August 22). Redistribution of ink after laser tattoo removal.
Dermatol Surg.
Ozog, D. (2012). Top accessed article: Motiviation for contemporary tattoo removal.
Arch Dermatol. 148(2). 227.
Peral, D., et al. (2012), Paramedian puncture for subarachnoid anaesthesia in a patient
with a large tattoo. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 59(3). 173.
Pfeifer, G. (2012). Attitudes toward piercings and tattoos. Am J Nurs. 112(5). 15.
Plessas, A. & Pepelassi, E. (2012). Dental and periodontal complications of lip and
tongue piercing: Prevalence and influencing factors. Aust Dent J. 57(1). 71-78.
Post, J., et al. (2012). Tattoo reactions as a sign of sarcoidosis. CMAJ. 184(4). 432.
Qasem, K. & Alotaibi, M. (2012). Laser treatment of amateur tattoos in Arabs in Kuwait:
Effectiveness and safety. J Dermatol Treat. 23(2). 140-143.

Quint, D., et al. (2012, March 1). A delayed granulomatous reaction to a cosmetic tattoo
of the eyebrows: A report of total regression after intralesional corticosteroid injections.
Dermatol Surg.
Randall, J. & Sheffield, D. (2012, October 26). Just a personal thing? A qualitative
account of health behaviours and values associated with body piercing. Perpect Public
Health.
Reddy, K., et al. (2012, Dec 19). Topical perfluorodecalin resolves immediate whitening
reactions and allows rapid effective multiple pass treatment of tattoos. Lasers Surg Med.
Ross, J. & Matava, M. (2012). Tattoo-induced skin burn during magnetic resonance
imaging in a professional football player: A case report. Sports Health. 3(5). 431-434.
Saedi, N., et al. (2012). The evolution of quality-switched lasers. J Drugs Dermatol.
11(11). 1296-1299.
Saedi, N., et al. (2012, Sept 17). Treatment of tattoos with a picoseconds alexandrite
laser: A prospective trial. Arch Dermatol. 1-4.
Schwartzman, W. (2012). Mycobacterium chelonae illness associated with tattoo ink. J
Engl J Med. 367(24). 2356-2357.
Sears, A., et al. (2012). Cases of cutaneous diphtheria in New Zealand: Implications for
surveillance and management. NZ Med J. 125(1350). 64-71.
Sergeant, A., et al. (2012, July 25). Mycobacterium chelonae infection: A complication of
tattooing. Clin Exp Dermatol.
Shinohara, M., et al. (2012). The histopathologic spectrum of decorative tattoo
complications. J Cutan Pathol. 39(12). 1110-1118.
Singh, A. & Tull, A. (2012). Oral piercings and their dental implications: A mini review.
J Investig Clin Dent. 3(2). 95-97.
Singleton, C. & McGwin, G. (2012). Design and analytical issues: A response to Longterm effects of tongue piercing A case control study. Clin Oral Investig. 16(6). 1697.
Sotgiu, G., et al. (2012). Evidence for preferences of Italian patients for physician attire.
Patient Pref Adherence. 6. 361-367.
Stanko, P., et al. (2012). Squamous cell carcinoma and piercing of the tongue A case
report. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 40(4). 329-331.
Stein, T., et al. (2012). Health considerations for oral piercing and the policies that
influence them. Tex Dent J. 129(7). 687-693.

Swami, V., et al. (2012). Personality differences between tattooed and non-tattooed
individuals. Psychol Rep. 111(1). 97-106.
Stuart, M. (2012). Health risks in oral piercing. Tex Dent J. 129(7). 660.
Sun, G., et al. (2012, Sept 11). Is chronic nipple piercing associated with
hyperprolactinemia? Pituitary.
Suvanasuthi, S., et al. (2012). Mycobacterium fortuitum cutaneous infection from
amateur tattoo. J med Assoc Thai. 95(6). 834-837.
Swami, V. (2012, July 26). Written on the body? Individual differences between British
adults who do and do not obtain a first tattoo. Scand J Psychol.
Tammaro, A., et al. (2012). Laser removal of tattoos. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol.
25(2). 537-539.
Tohme, R. & Holmberg, S. (2012). Transmission of hepatitis C virus infection through
tattooing and piercing: A critical review. Clin Infect Dis. 54(8). 1167-1178.
Tsang, M., et al. (2012). A visible response to an invisible tattoo. J Cutan Pathol. 39(9).
877-880.
Tukenmez, D., et al. (2012). Allergic contact dermatitis mimicking angioedema due to
paraphenylendiamine hypersensitivity: A case report. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 31(3). 250252.
Turan, H., et al. (2012, August 22). Allergic contact dermatitis to para-phenylenediamine
in a tattoo: A case report. Cutan Ocul Toxicol.
Veerula, V., et al. (2012). A scaling rash preferentially involving a recent tattoo. J Am
Acad Dermatol. 66(6). E191-e192.
Wambier, C., et al. (2012). Brazilian blood donation eligibility criteria for dermatologic
patients. An Bras Dermatol. 87(4). 590-595.
Wetzel, C. (2012). Permanent cosmetics. Plast Surg Nurs. 32(3). 117-119.
Westerfield, H., et al. (2012). Patients perceptions of patient care providers with tattoos
and/or body piercings. J Nurs Adm. 42(3). 160-164.
Wijtvliet, S., et al. (2012). A woman with skin lesions in a tattoo. Ned Tijdschr
Geneeskd. 156(1). A3931.
Windmiller, J., et al. (2012). Electrochemical sensing based on printable temporary
transfer tattoos. Chem Commun (Camb). 48(54). 6794-6796.

Wong, S., et al. (2012). Delayed granulomatous reaction after oral piercing during
Thaipusam. Ann Dermatol. 24(3). 355-357.
Yang, A. & Creagh, T. (2012, Sept 22). Black sentinel lymph node and scary stickers. J
Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg.
Yen, C., et al. (2012). Tattooing among high school students in southern Taiwan: The
prevalence, correlates, and associations with risk-taking behaviors and depression.
Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 28(7). 383-389.
Yousefi, B., et al. (2012). Quantatative and comparative assessment of learning in a
tongue-operated computer input device Part II: Navigation tasks. IEEE Trans Inf
Technol Biomed. 16(4). 633-643.
Zargooshi, J., et al. (2012). Non-ischemic priapism following penile tattooing. J Sex
Med. 9(3). 844-888.
Ziebolz, D., et al. (2012). Long-term effects of tongue piercing A case control study.
Clin Oral Investig. 16(1). 231-237.
Ziebolz, D., et al. (2012). Response to the letter to the editor: Design and analytical
issues: A response to Long term effects of tongue piercing A case control study.
Clin Oral Investig. 16(6). 1699-1700.

Summaries of 2012 Abstracts/Articles Available For My Review

Almeida, P., et al. (2012). Quantification of p-phenylenediamine and 2-hydroxy-1,4napthoquinone in henna tattoos. Contact Dermatitis. 66(1). 33-37.
- Only 1 of 3 preparations used by tattoo artists actually contained henna and all 3
contained PPD
- Risk for severe allergic reactions to PPD
Babin-Muise, D., et al. (2012). Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum in a tattoo site. J
Cutan Med Surg. 16(4). 286-287.
- Healthy 35 year old female with necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum in a tattoo site
(first reported case of this in a tattoo site)
Bandodkar, A., et al. (2012, Oct 26). Tattoo-based potentiometric ion-selective sensors
for epidermal pH monitoring. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg.
- Tattoo based sensors offer considerable promise as wearable potentiometric
sensors suitable for diverse applications.
Beavis, A., et al. (2012). Tattoo pigment lymphadenopathy mimicking metastasis in
vulvar cancer. Obstet Gynecol. 120 (2 pt 2 suppl 1). 442-444.
- 32 year old female with vulvar cancer & surrounding area nodes which were
swollen due to tattoo ink reaction & not from metastasis
Bencini, P., et al. (2012, Sept 17). Removal of tattoos by Q-switched laser: Variables
influencing outcome and sequelae in a large cohort of treated patients. Arch Dermatol.
1-7.
- Smoking, the presence of colors other than black and red, high color density,
treatment intervals of 8 weeks or less, and development of a darkening
phenomenon were associated with a reduced clinical response to treatment
Brauer, J., et al. (2012). Successful and rapid treatment of blue and green tattoo pigment
with a novel picoseconds laser. Arch Dermatol. 148(7). 820-823.
- 12 blue &/or green pigment tattoos treated with new picoseconds alexandrite laser
- All had at least 75% clearance after 1-2 sessions & more than 2/3 had nearly
100% clearance
Bui, E., et al. (2012, April 12). Body piercing and post-traumatic stress disorder
symptoms in young adults. Stress Health.
- Our findings suggest that two or more body piercings might serve as an
identifiable marker for PTSD symptoms and may have important implications for
clinical screening.

Caroni, M. & Grossman, E. (2012). Perceptions of healthcare providers toward body art:
Adornment or stigma? Cien Saude Colet. 17(4). 1061-1070.
- Survey of nursing assistants working in an adolescent hospital ward about how
the nursing assistants perceive tattoos and piercings
- Religion and family values prevail over professional knowledge in how body
marks are perceived.
Cencis, B., et al. (2012). Optodynamic monitoring of laser tattoo removal. J Biomed Opt.
17(4). 047003.
- Measurement of threshold for skin damage and effects of multiple pulses
- Pre-pulse reduces the interaction strength and a single strong pulse produces
better removal results.
Chang, Y., et al. (2012). The alternative ear-piercing technique by using superpulsed
carbon dioxide laser: A comparative study with spring-loaded gun. Eur Arch
Otorrhinolaryngol. 269(1). 339-343.
- Study showed that CO2 laser was a precise, simple, safe, and aseptic technique
for ear piercing with a lower level/shorter duration of post-operative pain when
compared with a spring loaded gun
Chuang, G., et al. (2012). Ultraviolet-fluorescent tattoo location of cutaneous biopsy site.
Dermatol Surg. 38(3). 479-483.
- Fluorescent tattoo is invisible under visible light and visible only under Woods
light
- UV-fluorescent tattoo may be used to locate a biopsy site
Clark, J. (2012). Tattoo you. Air Med J. 31(2). 68-69.
- Summary of legal issues associated with workplace body art
Cristaudo, A., et al. (2012, October 31). Permanent tattoos: Evidence of
pseudolymphoma in three patients and metal composition of the dyes. Eur J Dermatol.
- Three individuals with cutaneous lesions on the red areas of tattoos
- Significant levels of Chromium and Nickel should be considered as the causes of
possible dermal reactions
- Permanent tattoos appear to be unsafe, considering the increasing number of
diagnosed pseudolymphomas.
Cugno, S., et al. (2012). Beyond the borders of keloid formation: A case report. Can J
Plast Surg. 19(1). E10-e11.
- 48 year old female with extensive bilateral keloids of ear and neck post piercing
DeBoer, S., et al. (2012, November 9). Yet another piercing to play with: Removal of
surface anchors. Journal of Emergency Nursing.
- Photo guide to removal of surface anchors by emergency departments

De Roeck, A., et al. (2012, June 19). Florid pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia related to
tattoo: A case report. Int Wound J.
- Case report of unusual case of florid pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia
mimicking a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and restricted to the red
part of a rose tattoo
Ekinci, O., et al. (2012, March 22). The association of tattooing/body piercing and
psychopathology in adolescents: A community based study from Istanbul. Community
Ment Health J.
- Survey of 607 high school students in Istanbul
- 4.8% had tattoos & 7/% had piercings
- The adolescents with tattooing and body piercing were found ot have a higher
frequency of alcohol and drug use, smoking, going to bars/night clubs and lower
school grades when compared to those without tattoing and body piercing.
Externalizing problems, mainly deliniquent and aggressive behaviours were more
prominent in the adolescents with tattooing and body piercing. Tattooing and
body piercing in adolescents may be indicative of mental health risks.
Fircanis, S., et al. (2012). The girl with the iron tattoo. Am Fam Physician. 86(7). 669670.
- Young woman with profound anemia, but also with high serum iron levels
- Found to have large black tattoo and iron oxide from the tattoo ink absorbed into
body resulting in increased iron levels
- this case report reinforces the imperative to always do a careful physical
examination with any patient who has anemia, and also illustrates the potential
toxicity of tattoo ink.
Fioramonti, P., et al. (2012, Nov 11). A successful collagenase and hyaluronic acid
topical use combined with antibiotic therapy in the treatment of ulcerative lesions arising
on tattoo. Case Report Med.
- Conservative treatment and use of Bionect Start resulted in complete resolution
and reepitheliazation of the lesions, in addition to perfect preservation of the
colors of the tattoo.
Fors, R., et al. (2012, Jan 26). Lifestyle and nickel allergy in a Swedish adolescent
population: Effects of piercing, tattooing, and orthodontic appliances. Acta Derm
Venereol.
- Survey/patch testing of 4,376 15-23 year old students in Sweden
- 86% of girls & 21% of boys had piercings (present or past)
- 6% of girls & 3% of boys had tattoos
- Piercing, female gender, and vocational programme increased the risk of nickel
allergy

Fors, R., et al. (2012, May 28). Nickel allergy in relation to piercing and orthodontic
appliances A population study. Contact Dermatitis.
- High nickel containing orthodontic appliances preceeding piercing reduces the
risk of nickel sensitization by a factor of 1.5-2.
Galle, F., et al. (2012). Body art practices and health risks: Young adults knowledge in
two regions of southern Italy. Ann Ig. 24(6). 535-542.
- Only 4% of young adult survey participants identified infectious diseases that can
be transmitted through body art
Garcovich, S., et al. (2012). Lichenoid red tattoo reaction: Histological and
immunological perspectives. Eur J Dermatol. 22(1). 93-96.
- Adult patient with lichenoid reaction to organic red tattoo
- The chemically unstable and reactive nature of modern tattoo pigments has to be
taken into account by the clinician as well as by the tattoo recipients.
Gill, J., et al. (2012). Oral piercing injuries treated in the United States emergency
departments, 2002-2008. Pediatr Dent. 34(1). 56-60.
- An estimated 24,459 oral piercing injuries presented to US ERs during the 7-year
period
- 14-22 year olds were 73% of visits
- Injuries included: Lips (46%), tongue 42%, teeth 10%
- Infections: 42% and soft tissue puncture wounds 29%
- 39% of visits resulted from patients inability to remove mucosally overgrown
oral piercings
- National data indicates that dentists working in emergency departments should
be prepared to manage oral hard and soft tissue complications caused by oral
piercings.
Giuca, M., et al. (2012). Dental and periodontal complications of labial and tongue
piercing. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 26(3). 553-560.
- Greater prevalence of tooth and periodontal defects in subjects with tongue or
labial piercings
Green, J., et al. (2012). Optimizing outcomes of laser tattoo removal.
Skintherapyletter.com. Volume 17.
- Overview of methods to optimize successful laser removal of tattoos
Griffith, R. (2012). Time to repeal the Tattooing of Minors Act 1969. Br J Nursing.
21(18). 1102-1103.
- Arguments that the law prohibiting the tattooing of minors should be repealed to
hopefully decrease teens doing tattoos on each other with unsafe equipment and
instead have tattooing done by professionals that are regulated and licensed

Grillo, E., et al. (2012). Lesions on tattooed skin A case study. Aust Fam Physician.
41(5). 308-309.
- 33 y/o male with several papules on tattoo received 5-months prior
Hammes, S., et al. (2012, Nov 29). Treatment errors resulting from use of lasers and IPL
by medical laypersons: Results of a nationwide survey. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges.
- Analysis of 50 patients affected by treatment errors caused by medical laypersons
with laser and intense pulsed light technology
- 81% pigmentation changes, 25% scars, 14% textural changes, & 4% incorrect
information
- Sources of error: 63% excessively high energy, 40% wrong device for the
indication, 21% treatment of patients with darker skin or marked tanning, 7% no
cooling, & 4% incorrect information
- Direct supervision by a medical specialist, comprensive experience in laser
therapy, and compliance with quality guidelines are prerequisites for safe laser
and IPL treatments. Legal measures to make such changes mandatory are
urgently needed.
Heywood, W., et al. (2012). Who gets tattoos? Demographic and behavioral correlates of
ever being tattooed in a representative sample of men and women. Ann Epidemiol. 22(1).
51-56.
- Survey of 8656 men and women, ages 16-64 in Australia
- Total of 14% had ever been tattooed
- More men than women report getting a tattoo, but highest rates of tattooing was
among women in their 20s
- Men & women ages 20-39 were most likely to have been tattooed
Hogsberg, T., et al. (2012, June 25). High prevalence of minor symptoms in tattoos
among a young population tattooed with carbon black and organic pigments. J Eur Acad
Dermatol Venereol.
- 154 patients with 342 tattoos
- 27% had complaints about their tattoo beyond 3-months post-tattooing, mostly
with black and red pigments
- 58% of complaints were sun induced
- Most frequent complaints were skin elevation and itching
- 80% overall satisfaction wth their tattoos
Holbrook, J., et al. (2012). Body piercing: Complications and prevention of health risks.
Am J Clin Dermatol. 13(1). 1-17.
- Great overview article of medical issues associated with body piercings
- Extensive charts and references

Humphries, A., et al. (2012, Sept 15). Determination of the thermal and physical
properties of black tattoo ink using compound analysis. Lasers Med Sci.
- Despite the widespread use of laser therapy in the removal of tattoos,
comparatively little is know about its mechanism of action. There is a need for
improved understanding of the composition and thermal properties of the tattoo
ink in order that simulations of laser therapy may be better informed and
treatment parameters optimized.
- The analysis of tattoo ink was substantially different than the commonly used in
laser simulations reference points of water and graphite
Hwang, K., et al. (2012). Which type of earring and which piercing point is safest with
regard to tearing through the ear by an external force ? Dermatol Surg. 38(5). 772-777.
- The 4mm point (from the lowest point of the ear) is recommended for hoops,
buckles, and studs, and the 8mm point or higher (from the lowest point of the ear)
is recommended for screws and hooks.
Kapferer, I. & Beier, U. (2012). Lateral lower lip piercing Prevelance of associated oral
complications: A split-mouth cross-sectional study. Quintessence Int. 43(9). 747-752.
- Significantly higher amounts of plaque accumulation on teeth adjacent to lateral
lower lip piercings
- Small percentage of lateral lower lip piercings may cause tooth chipping or buccal
recession in adjacent teeth
Karacaoglan, U. (2012). Tattoo and taboo: On the meaning of tattoos in the analytic
process. Int J Psychoanal. 93(1). 5-28.
- Overview of psychological/psychoanalytic issues with tattoos
Keating, S., et al. (2012). Evaluation of EMLA cream for preventing pain during
tattooing of rabbits: Changes in physiological, behavioural and facial expression
responses. PLoS One. 7(9). E44437.
- Almost complete prevention of pain with application of local anesthestic cream
prior to tattoo
Kennedy, B., et al. (2012, August 22). Outbreak of mycobacterium chelonae infection
associated with tattoo ink. New England Journal of Medicine.
- Outbreak (19 patients) with mycobacterium infection from pre-mixed tattoo ink
Kent, K., et al. (2012). Laser tattoo removal: A review. Dermatol Surg. 38(1). 1-13.
- Extensive overview of literature about tattoo removal techniques
Kind, F., et al. (2012, Feb 2). Contact dermatitis to para-phenylenediamine in hair dye
following sensitization to black henna tattoos An ongoing problem. J Dtsch Dermatol
Ges.
- 7 patients with allergic contact dermatitis after initial hair or eyelash dyeing
- All had a history of a previous reaction from a black henna tattoo

Kinner, S., et al. (2012, May 30). High-risk drug-use practices among a large sample of
Australian prisoners. Drug Alcohol Depend.
- There remains an urgent need to implement evidence-based infection control
measures, including needle and syringe programs, within prison settings
Kluger, N. (2012). Can a mother get a tattoo during pregnancy or while breastfeeding?
European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology.
- Brief discussion of young female who underwent tattooing during pregnancy
(baby did fine)
- The question of the potential distribution of tattoo pigments, various component
and by-products beyond the skin and local lymph nodes in the systemic
circulation and therefore, possibly through the placenta during pregnancy or in the
milk, is not known.
- Overall data regarding the potential risks of undergoing tattooing during
pregnancy or breastfeeding is inexistent. However, it remains wise to suggest
abstention of tattooing procedure from the pregnancy diagnosis until the end of
breastfeeding Additionally, the risk for the foetal development in heavily
tattooed mothers is not known either. The risk related to tattooing as a potential
environmental occult source of toxic chemicals for the foetus should be
thoroughly investigated.
Kluger, N. (2012). Genital piercings: Epidemiology, sociocultural aspects, sexuality, and
complications. Presse Med. 41(1). 21-31.
- Review of medical aspects associated with genital piercings, but also the social,
cultural, and psychological backgrounds that surround these piercings
Kluger, N. & Kiljonen, V. (2012). Tattoos, inks, and cancer. Lancet: Oncology. 13.
E161-e168.
- The introduction in the dermis of exogenous pigments and dyes to obtain a
permanent design (tattooing) represents a unique in-vivo situation, where a large
amount of metallic salts and organic dyes remain in the skin for the lifetime of the
bearer.
- The potential local and systemic carcinogenic effects of tattoos and tattoo inks
remain unclear
- Review of literature: 50 cases of skin cancer on tattoos
- The number of skin cancers arising in tattoos is seemingly low, and this
association has to be considered thus far as coincidental
Kluger, N., et al. (2012). Tattoos and dermatological, plastic, and visceral surgery. Ann
Dermatol Venereol. 139(5). 369-374.
- As this population gradually ages, physicians will be increasingly called on to
treat tattooed areas, either for surgical removal of the tattoo itself or or excision of
a suspect lesion or skin tumour, or for incision of the skin in a setting of either
elective or emergency visceral surgery.
- Summary of surgical situations potentially arising in tattooed patients

Kluger, N. (2012). Acute complications of tattooing presenting in the ED. American

Journal of Emergency Medicine.
- Excellent overview of the post-tattoo medical complications that ERs may
encounter with full-color photos of same
- Tattooing remains a relatively safe procedure when performed by professional
artists who have received education on appropriate hygiene technique and the
preparation and maintenance of materials and who apply strict sanitary
precautions in their tattoo shops. However, the reports of complications remind
us that there is still much to do to improve the safety of tattooing for customers.
Kluger, N., et al. (2012). Piercings What the physician needs to know. Duodecim.
128(13). 1363-1370.
- Summary of piercing/medical issues
- A non-judgemental approach is recommended, when a pierced patient seeks
medical help for a piercing complication or any other health issue.
Kluger, N., et al. (2012, May 28). A new purpose for tattoos: Medical alert tattoos. Presse
Med.
- Review of patients who have tattooed their medical information on their own
without medical consultation
Kluger, N. (2012). Acute complications of tattooing presenting in the ED. Am J Emerg
Med. 30(9). 2055-2063.
- Great overview of complications that occur within the first month after tattooing
that emergency physicians may encounter and have to manage
Kossida, T., et al. (2012). Optimal tattoo removal in a single laser session based on the
method of repeated exposures. J Am Acad Dermatol. 66(2). 271-277.
- 18 tattoos on 12 adults
- received conventional single treatment pass laser treatment
- received 4 treatment passes with 20 seconds between
- The R20 method is much more effective than the conventional laser tattoo
treatment, removing most tattoos in a single treatment session. New laser device
technology is not required to practice this method.
Kumar, G., et al. (2012). Granuloma pyogenicum as a complication of decorative nose
piercing: Report of 8 cases from eastern India. J Cutan Med Surg. 16(3). 197-200.
- 8 patients with nasal granuloma pyogenicum post-nose piercing
- piercing by non-professional or unskilled persons, use of non-sterile piercing
instruments, and poor standards of hygiene in the case of the puncture site are the
most important factors accountable for such complications.
Lane, J. & OToole, G. (2012). Complications of ear rings. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg.
65(5). 747-751.
- Review of ear piercing complications and resultant deformities

Leblanc, P., et al. (2012, August 22). Tattoo ink-related infections Awareness,
diagnosis, reporting, and prevention. New England Journal of Medicine.
- Overview of outbreak of infections associated with contaminated tattoo ink
Lyons, M., et al. (2012). High ear-piercing: An increasingly popular procedure with
serious complications: Is good clinical practice exercised? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.
269(3). 1041-1045.
- Results indicated that high ear piercing is an invasive procedure with a
significant risk of complications leading to cosmetic deformity. Establishments
should be required to counsel patients properly about the risks and potential
complications of the procedure. A code of practice should be drawn up with a
minimum age for piercing, requirement for proper consent, excellent hygience
and good information for postoperative care.
Mao, J. & Dejoseph, M. (2012). Latest innovations for tattoo and permanent makeup
removal. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 20(2). 125-134.
- Overview of laser tattoo removal techniques
Martino, S., et al. (2012). Perceptions of visible piercings: A pilot study. Psychol Rep.
109(3). 755-758.
- 49 undergraduates wer shown pictures of a man and woman with piercings and no
piercings
- The pierced model was judged to be less attractive and less normal than the nonpierced model. The pierced model was perceived as less intelligent, caring,
generous, honest, and religious, but more artistic and mysterious
McGouran, D., et al. (2012). A case of cutaneous diphtheria in New Zealand. NZ Med J.
125(1350). 93-95.
- Sentinel case of diphtheria in an adult male Contracted with tattooing in Samoa
MMWR. (2012). Tattoo-associated nontuberculous mycobacterial skin infections
multiple states, 2011-2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 61. 653-656.
- Permanent tattoos have become increasingly common, with 21% of adults in the
United States having at last one tattoo.
- Multiple state outbreak of skin infections post-tattooing due to contaminated ink
- contamination of inks can occur during the manufacturing process as a result of
using contaminated ingredients or poor manufacturing practices, or when inks are
diluted with nonsterile water by tattoo artists. No specific FDA regulatory
requirement explicitly provides that tattoo inks must be sterile. However, CDC
recommends that ink manufacturers ensure ink is sterile and that tattoo artists
must avoid contamination of ink through dilution with nonsterile water.

Nowosielski, K., et al. (2012, May 22). Tattoos, piercing, and sexual behaviors in young
adults. J Sex Med.
- Survey of 120 adults, ages 20-35
- 3 groups: 60 with no-body mods, 28 with tattoos & 32 with piercings
- Having body modifications is associated with early sexual initiation and more
liberal attitudes toward sexual behaviors, but not with engaging in risky sexual
behaviors.
Oliver, W. & Leone, L. (2012, March 12). Digital UV/IR photography for tattoo
evaluation in mummified remains. J Forensic Sci.
- Use of infrared/ultraviolet photography to document a non-visible to the naked
eye tattoo in a mummified person to assist in identification
Ortiz, A., et al. (2012). Rising concern over cosmetic tattoos. Dermatol Surg. 38(3). 424429.
- An increase in consumer complaints has prompted FDA investigation into tattoo
inks and their safety. It is important that further complications be reported to the
FDA to promote regulation of cosmetic tattoo inks.
Plessas, A. & Pepelassi, E. (2012). Dental and periodontal complications of lip and
tongue piercing: Prevalence and influencing factors. Aust Dent J. 57(1). 71-78.
- 110 people with 110 lip & 51 tongue piercings
- Dental issues were greater for tongue than lip piercings
- Gingival recession is similar for tongue and lip piercings
Qasem, K. & Alotaibi, M. (2012). Laser treatment of amateur tattoos in Arabs in Kuwait:
Effectiveness and safety. J Dermatol Treat. 23(2). 140-143.
- Our findings suggest that the Q-switched alexandrite laser is an effective laser in
removing amateur tattoos in patients with skin phototype V, but with a high
incidence of pigmentary changes
Randall, J. & Sheffield, D. (2012, October 26). Just a personal thing? A qualitative
account of health behaviours and values associated with body piercing. Perspect Public
Health.
- The presence of body piercings is not related to any particular health concern
- These results contradict previous studies citing a relationship with high-risk
health behaviours.
Reddy, K., et al. (2012, Dec 19). Topical perfluorodecalin resolves immediate whitening
reactions and allows rapid effective multiple pass treatment of tattoos. Lasers Surg Med.
- Perfluorodecalin (PFD) facilitated multiple-pass tattoo removal

Ross, J. & Matava, M. (2012). Tattoo-induced skin burn during magnetic resonance
imaging in a professional football player: A case report. Sports Health. 3(5). 431-434.
- Professional football player with temporary burn to tattoo site during MRI
- At risk tattoos are those with black pigment or any other pigments with iron
oxide, as well as those with a design that displays loops, large circular objects, or
multiple adjacent points
- Reaction only temporary no permanent sequelae
- This is likely an underreported issue that merits attention in the sports medicine
literature given the frequent occurrence of cosmetic tattoos in athletes requiring
magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose a musculoskeletal injury.
Saedi, N., et al. (2012). The evolution of quality-switched lasers. J Drugs Dermatol.
11(11). 1296-1299.
- Overview of history and evolution of quality-switched lasers for tattoo removal
Saedi, N., et al. (2012, Sept 17). Treatment of tattoos with a picoseconds alexandrite
laser: A prospective trial. Arch Dermatol. 1-4.
- All 12 patients obtained greater than 75% clearance of tattoo ink
- The picoseconds 755-nm alexandrite laser is a safe and very effective procedure
for removing tattoo pigment.
Sears, A., et al. (2012). Cases of cutaneous diphtheria in New Zealand: Implications for
surveillance and management. NZ Med J. 125(1350). 64-71.
- 2 adult cases of diphtheria related to tattooing
- First case developed infection after being tattooed in Samoa
- Second case developed infection after being household contact with case #1
Sergeant, A., et al. (2012, July 25). Mycobacterium chelonae infection: A complication of
tattooing. Clin Exp Dermatol.
- 4 patients with mycobacterium infection from contaminated tattoo ink (same
bottle)
Shinohara, M., et al. (2012). The histopathologic spectrum of decorative tattoo
complications. Psychol Rep. 111(1). 97-106.
- The composition of tattoo inks is highly variable, and inks can contain numerous
potentially allergenic or carcinogenic compounds. Infections with bacterial, viral
and fungal species can occur after tattooing, sometimes after substantial delay.
Atypical mycobacterial infections in particular are increasingly reported; special
stains for mycobacteria should be performed and cultures recommended
particularly when dense, mixed, or granulomatous infiltrates are present.
Singh, A. & Tull, A. (2012). Oral piercings and their dental implications: A mini review.
J Investig Clin Dent. 3(2). 95-97.
- Review of oral mutilation practices of concern to dental professionals

Sotgiu, G., et al. (2012). Evidence for preferences of Italian patients for physician attire.
Patient Pref Adherence. 6. 361-367.
- Survey of patients waiting for a physician appointment
- The entire sample judged it inappropriate for clinicians to have long hair, visible
tattoos, body piercing
Stanko, P., et al. (2012). Squamous cell carcinoma and piercing of the tongue A case
report. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 40(4). 329-331.
- 26 y/o male with tongue piercing placed 5 years prior to developing tongue cancer
from which he died 18-months later
Stein, T., et al. (2012). Health considerations for oral piercing and the policies that
influence them. Tex Dent J. 129(7). 687-693.
- With the increase in popularity of piercings, the health care professional needs to
be aware of the complications that can occur due to lack of regulations of the
piercing establishments. Due to lack of training of piercing professionals and lack
of enforcement of sterilization procedures, infection and life threatening
complications can arise.
Sun, G., et al. (2012, Sept 11). Is chronic nipple piercing associated with
hyperprolactinemia? Pituitary.
- In the absence of infection, chronic nipple piercing is not associated with
hyperprolactinemia
Suvanasuthi, S., et al. (2012). Mycobacterium fortuitum cutaneous infection from
amateur tattoo. J med Assoc Thai. 95(6). 834-837.
- 25 year old healthy male with mycobacterium infection in an amateur tattoo
- Required antibiotics for 10 months for treatment
- Suggests skin biopsy to differentiate tattoo-skin reactions vs. infection
Swami, V. (2012, July 26). Written on the body? Individual differences between British
adults who do and do not obtain a first tattoo. Scand J Psychol.
- 136 British residents going for first tattoo compared with those visiting as shop,
but decided not to get a tattoo
- As compared to individuals who did not subsequently obtain a tattoo, individuals
that did were significantly less conscientious, more extraverted, more willing to
engage in sexual relations in the absence of commitment, and had higher scores
on sensation seeking, need for uniqueness, and distinctive appearance
investment.
Swami, V., et al. (2012). Personality differences between tattooed and non-tattooed
individuals. Psychol Rep. 111(1). 97-106.
- Compared to non-tattooed individuals, tattooed participants had significantly
higher scores on extraversion, experience seeking, need for uniqueness, and held
more positive attitudes toward tattoos

Tammaro, A., et al. (2012). Laser removal of tattoos. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol.
25(2). 537-539.
- Review of the use of Q-switched laser tattoo removal technique
Tohme, R. & Holmberg, S. (2012). Transmission of hepatitis C virus infection through
tattooing and piercing: A critical review. Clin Infect Dis. 54(8). 1167-1178.
- Studies that specified the venue of tattooing and/or piercing showed no definitive
evidence for an increased risk of HCV infection when tattoos and piercings were
received in professional parlors. However, the risk of HCV infection is
significant, especially among high-risk groups when tattoos are applied in prison
settins or by friends
Tsang, M., et al. (2012). A visible response to an invisible tattoo. J Cutan Pathol. 39(9).
877-880.
- 28 year old with reaction to invisible tattoo ingredients
Tukenmez, D., et al. (2012). Allergic contact dermatitis mimicking angioedema due to
paraphenylendiamine hypersensitivity: A case report. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 31(3). 250252.
- 27 year old woman with an angioedema-like reaction occurring after the first
exposure to hair dye who was unaware of being previously sensitized to PPD
from a black henna tattoo
Turan, H., et al. (2012, August 22). Allergic contact dermatitis to para-phenylenediamine
in a tattoo: A case report. Cutan Ocul Toxicol.
- Child with allergic contact dermatitis post-temporary tattoo
Wambier, C., et al. (2012). Brazilian blood donation eligibility criteria for dermatologic
patients. An Bras Dermatol. 87(4). 590-595.
- Other conditions for temporary ineligibility piercing, tattoo
Westerfield, H., et al. (2012). Patients perceptions of patient care providers with tattoos
and/or body piercings. J Nurs Adm. 42(3). 160-164.
- 150 adult patients compared pictures of male and female careproviders in uniform
with and without tattoos and/or non-earlobe piercings
- Patient care providers with visible tattoos and/or body piercings were not
perceived by patients in this study as more caring, confident, reliable, attentive,
cooperative, professional, efficient, or approachable than non-tattooed or nonpierced providers
- Tattooed female providers were perceived as less professional than male
providers with similar tattoos
- Female providers with piercings were perceived as less confident, professional,
efficient, and approachable than non-pierced female providers.
Wetzel, C. (2012). Permanent cosmetics. Plast Surg Nurs. 32(3). 117-119.
- Overview of increasing use of micropigmentation for permanent cosmetics

Wijtvliet, S., et al. (2012). A woman with skin lesions in a tattoo. Ned Tijdschr
Geneeskd. 156(1). A3931.
- 32 y/o female with red papules in tattoo sarcoidosis
Yang, A. & Creagh, T. (2012, Sept 22). Black sentinel lymph node and scary stickers. J
Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg.
- Young adult patient with (2) black stained sentinel lymph nodes following
treatment for melanoma
- History of tattooing and tattoo removal should be obtained as a routine in all
melanoma patients considered for sentinel node biopsy.
Yen, C., et al. (2012). Tattooing among high school students in southern Taiwan: The
prevalence, correlates, and associations with risk-taking behaviors and depression.
Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 28(7). 383-389.
- 9755 high school students in southern Taiwan
- 1% had tattoos
- The older students who were perceived to have low family monitoring and who
had friends who drink regularly, used illicit drugs, had a criminal record or were
in a gang were more likely to have a tattoo
- Tattooing was also found to be associated with violence, weekly alcohol
consumption, illicit drug use, dropping out of school, unprotected sex, suicidal
ideation/attempt, and depression
Windmiller, J., et al. (2012). Electrochemical sensing based on printable temporary
transfer tattoos. Chem Commun (Camb). 48(54). 6794-6796.
- Development of printed temporary transfer tattoo electrochemical sensors and
demonstration of electronic skin
Yousefi, B., et al. (2012). Quantatative and comparative assessment of learning in a
tongue-operated computer input device Part II: Navigation tasks. IEEE Trans Inf
Technol Biomed. 16(4). 633-643.
- Continuing studies of using tongue piercings to access computers/power
wheelchairs in those with mobility impairments
Zargooshi, J., et al. (2012). Non-ischemic priapism following penile tattooing. J Sex
Med. 9(3). 844-888.
- 21 y/o male with partially rigid penis x 3 months since tattoo on penis
- Arterial priapism was the cause
Ziebolz, D., et al. (2012). Long-term effects of tongue piercing A case control study.
Clin Oral Investig. 16(1). 231-237.
- Tongue piercing is correlated with an increased occurrence of enamel fissues,
enamel cracks, and lingual recessions. Patients need better information on the
potential complications associated with tongue piercing.