Workshop on Image processing

using MATLAB

Presented by
Amarjeetsingh Thakur
Asst. Professor
Dept. of Electronics & Communication
Engg.
S.G.B.I.T. Belgaum

Outline
What

is MATLAB?
Image Processing tool box
Image formats
How to read an image?
Image conversion
Arithmetic operations on images
Conversion of an image into different formats
Image rotation
Image blurring and deblurring
Fill in ROI in grayscale image
References

What is MATLAB?
MATLAB = MATrix LABoratory
MATLAB is a high-level language and
interactive environment that enables us to
perform computationally intensive tasks
faster than with traditional programming
languages such as C, C++ and Fortran.
MATLAB is an interactive, interpreted
language that is designed for fast
numerical matrix calculations.

Who uses MATLAB?

Key Industries
Aerospace

and defense
Automotive
Biotech and pharmaceutical
Communications
Computers
Education
Electronics and semiconductors
Energy production
Industrial automation and machinery
Medical devices

The MATLAB Environment

MATLAB window
components:
Workspace

> Displays all the

defined variables

Command Window
> To execute
commands in the
MATLAB
environment

Command History
> Displays record of
the commands used

File Editor Window

> Define functions

MATLAB Help
MATLAB Help is an
extremely powerful
assistance to learning
MATLAB
Help not only contains
the theoretical
background, but also
shows demos for
implementation
MATLAB Help can be
opened by using the
HELP pull-down menu

MATLAB Help (cont.)

Any command
description can be
found by typing the
command in the
search field
As shown above, the
command to take
square root (sqrt) is
searched
We can also utilize
MATLAB Help from the
command window as

What is the Image Processing

Toolbox?
The Image Processing Toolbox is a
collection of functions that extend the
capabilities of the MATLABs numeric
computing environment. The toolbox
supports a wide range of image processing
operations, including:
Geometric operations
Linear filtering and filter design
Transforms
Image analysis and enhancement
Binary image operations

Images in MATLAB
MATLAB can
import/export several
image formats:
BMP (Microsoft
Windows Bitmap)
GIF (Graphics
Interchange Files)
HDF (Hierarchical Data
Format)
JPEG (Joint
Photographic Experts
Group)
PCX (Paintbrush)
PNG (Portable Network
Graphics)
TIFF (Tagged Image

Data types in MATLAB

Double (64-bit doubleprecision floating
point)
Single (32-bit singleprecision floating
point)
Int32 (32-bit signed
integer)
Int16 (16-bit signed
integer)
Int8 (8-bit signed
integer)
Uint32 (32-bit
unsigned integer)
Uint16 (16-bit

Images in MATLAB
Binary images : {0,1}
Intensity images : [0,1] or uint8, double etc.
RGB images : m n 3
Multidimensional images: m n p (p is the number of
layers)

Binary Images
They

are also called Black & White

images , containing 1 for white and 0(zero)
for black
MATLAB code

Intensity Images
They

are also called Gray Scale images ,

containging numbers in the range of 0 to
255

Indexed Images
These

are the color images and also

represented as RGB image.
In RGB Images there exist three indexed
images.
First image contains all the red portion of the
image, second green and third contains the
blue portion.

How to read an image??

I=imread(steve.jpg)
figure
Imshow(I)
size(I)
% 295 171

Images and Matrices

[0, 0]

How to build a matrix

(or image)?
Intensity Image:
Row 1 to 256

row = 256;
col = 256;
img = zeros(row, col);
img(100:105, :) = 0.5;
img(:, 100:105) = 1;
figure;
imshow(img);

o
Column 1 to
256

[256,
256]

Image Conversion

gray2ind - intensity image to index image

im2bw - image to binary
im2double - image to double precision
im2uint8 - image to 8-bit unsigned
integers
im2uint16 - image to 16-bit unsigned
integers
ind2gray - indexed image to intensity
image
mat2gray - matrix to intensity image
rgb2gray - RGB image to grayscale

Arithmetic operations on images

1. Imadd
Syntax : Z = imadd(X,Y)
Description: Z = imadd(X,Y) adds
each element in array X with the
corresponding element in array Y
and returns the sum in the
corresponding element of the
output array Z.

Figure window shows addition of

two different images

Contd..
2. imsubtract
Syntax : Z = imsubtract(X,Y)
Description: Z = imsubtract(X,Y) subtracts
each element in array Y from the
corresponding element in array X and
returns the difference in the corresponding
element of the output array Z

Figure window shows Subtraction

of two different images

Contd..
3. immultiply
Syntax : Z = immultiply(X,Y)
Description: Z = immultiply(X,Y)
multiplies each element in array X by the
corresponding element in array Y and
returns the product in the corresponding
element of the output array Z.

Figure window shows Multiplication

of two different images

Contd..
4. imdivide
Syntax : Z = imdivide(X,Y)
Description: Z = imdivide(X,Y) divides
each element in the array X by
the corresponding element in
array Y and returns the result in
the corresponding element of the
output array Z.

Figure window shows Division of

two different images

Sample code for addition of images

(both image size is not same)
i=imread('C:\Documents

and Settings\student\My
Documents\pictures\steve.jpg');%read an image
size(i) %295 171
3
j=imread('C:\Documents and Settings\student\My
Documents\pictures\sun.jpg');
size(j) %219 230
3
k=i(1:150,1:150);
l=j(1:150,1:150);
m=imadd(k,l);
figure,imshow(m)
title('addition of two images')

Figure window displaying

Addition of two images

Converting RGB image to gray

format
I=imread(Sachin.jpg'); %
Read an
image
I=rgb2gray(I); % RGB to gray
conversion
figure
% Figure window
imshow(I)
% Display figure
on
figure window

Figure window displaying Gray

image

RGB to BW image conversion

commands
I=imread('Sachin.jpg');
I=im2bw(I);
imshow(I)

Figure window shows BW

image

Image rotation by some

angle
I=imread('steve.jpg');
J=imrotate(I,45);

% Rotate
image
anticlockwise
by
an angle 45
K=imrotate(I,-45); % Rotate
image
clockwise
by
an angle 45
imshow(J)
Imshow(K)

Deblurring operation on an
blurred image using wiener filter
I=imread(Sachin.jpg');
figure
imshow(I)

Commands for blurring the

image
PSF=fspecial('motion');
Blurred=imfilter(I,PSF,'circular','

conv');
figure, imshow(Blurred)

Blurred image

Commands for deblurring the

image
wnr1=deconvwnr(Blurred,PS

F);
figure, imshow(wnr1);
title('Restored image');

Recovered image

Fill in specified region of interest (ROI) polygon in

grayscale image

I = imread('eight.tif');
J = roifill(I);
figure, imshow(J)

ROI fill
I=imread('C:\Documents

and

Settings\All
Users.WINDOWS\Documents\My
Pictures\Sample
Pictures\avataar.jpg');
figure
imshow(I)
J=rgb2gray(I);
figure
imshow(J)

ROI fill (contd..)

K = roifill(J);
figure
imshow(K)

ROI fill (contd..)

ROI fill (contd..)

Applications of image
processing
BIOLOGICAL:

automated systems for analysis of

samples.
DEFENSE/INTELLIGENCE: enhancement and
interpretation of images to find and track targets.
DOCUMENT PROCESSING: scanning, archiving,
transmission.
FACTORY AUTOMATION: visual inspection of
products.
MATERIALS TESTING: detection and quantification
of cracks, impurities, etc.
MEDICAL: disease detection and monitoring,
therapy/surgery planning

ANY QUERRIES????????

References
www.mathworks.com

Digital Image Processing using

MATLAB by Rafael C. Gonzalez,
Richard E. Woods, Steven L.
Eddins.

THANK YOU