THERMODYNAMICS

CHAPTER 3

PRINCIPLE OF CORESPONDING
STATES
Z factor for all gases is same for at Same reduced
temperature and Pressure

GENERALIZED COMPRESSIBILITY CHARTS

(NELSON-OBERT CHARTS)

EQUATIONS OF STATE

LIMITATIONS OF IDEAL GAS

EQUATION
Doesnt cover the Entire range of super heated region.
It is desirable to have equations of state that represent
the P-v-T
behavior of substances accurately over a larger region
with no limitations.
Such equations are naturally more complicated. Several
equations have been proposed for this purpose

Van der Waals Equation of State

the intermolecular attraction forces
volume occupied by the molecules themselves

The term a/v2 accounts for the intermolecular forces,

and b accounts
for the volume occupied by the gas molecules.

Beattie-Bridgeman Equation of
State
The Beattie-Bridgeman equation is known to be reasonably accurate for densities up to
about 0.8cr, where cr is the density of the substance at the critical point.

Benedict-Webb-Rubin Equation of State

Benedict, Webb, and Rubin extended the Beattie-Bridgeman

equation in 1940 by raising the number of constants to eight. It
is expressed as

This equation can handle substances at densities up to about 2.5rcr. In 1962, Strobridge
further extended this equation by raising the number of constants to 16

VIRAL EQUATION OF STATE

This and similar equations are called the virial equations of

state, and the
coefficients a(T), b(T), c(T), and so on, that are functions of
temperature
as the pressure approaches zero, all the virial coefficients will vanish and the equation will
reduce toare
the ideal-gas
state.
alone
calledequation
virial of
coefficients.

ERROR COMPARISON