SC-116 Algebraic Structures MidSem I Exam Sep 12, 2015 Time: 1 hr and 30 minutes SR a Student 1D Important theorems: S o a 2 ~ we . Generators in cyclic Groups: If the eyclic subgroup generated by << > is of order n then the order of ja] = 4 Buler © function for number of intergers less than n that are relatively prime to n: If the prime decomposition of n is n = Il,p* then (n) = nIl,(1 — 2) |. Subgroups: Let G be a group then H C Gis a subgroup if zy"! € H for all z,y ¢ H. Matrix groups: GL(n,R) = nx n invertible matrices with entries in R. We have for A,B € GL(n,R) det(AB) = det(A) det(B). . Dihedral group (Don): art. Day = {0,7,17..2°°!, 8, sr, sr2...,87"-1} where 1” = €, 8? =e, ri Product Groups : Let G be a group and H and K be subgroups of G such that i)H and K have only the identity element in common.ii) HK = G. iii) Every element of H commutes with every element of K’, then G is isomorphic to H x K. Cauchy’s theorem (Partial converse to Lagrange’s theorem}. If G is a finite group and if p is a prime divisor of |G] then there exists an element 2 €G of order p. . Orbit Stabilizer theorem : Ifa group G acts on a set X then the orbits of an element « € X, O. = {g.al9 € G}. The stabilizer of an element a € X, G. = {9 € Glg.a = a}. The orbit-stabilizer theorem says that the |O.| = |G : G.|. In particular this implies that |O,|[|G]-Section 1. True/False (2 pts. each) Print “T° if the statement is true, otherwise print “F”. If false then give a counter example or justification F __ he rotational symmetries of the tetrahedron is isomorphic to Dis. Diz has an element of order 6. Rotational Symmehies ¥ Ay __ If H and K are subgroups of a group G then the set HK = {hk|h € H,ke K}isa subgroup. Wks § 2, OD, (23), la Sa W= €(1297, K=K(2397_ but i 224 T_ The n xn matrices with determinant 1 form a normal subgroup of GL(n,R). “°%s Beroug T _ ‘The group Sq is generated by the two cycles. T___ Every group of prime order is abelian. F In Dy the group < s > is a normal subgroup =) “lv KeWda & Consider the maprn”g an & —> \m(@) @pPrs) TC. S/neB) ca somos phism o> 3a) *s 1S an \somosP' g Ker(@ ) ehec\ ¢ & i kerGeK YS ri Ghee) \mn@) Tris is called Fics iSomovPh's™ theoxem,2. Prove Wilson’s theorem in number theory. ‘That is, show that if p is a prime then (p—1)! = -1( mod p). Hint: As in the proof of Cauchy’s theorem use group actions with G = S, and the orbit-stabilizer theorem to show that #{o € S,|0” = e} =0( mod p) Wneoxvem Consider (iy Ae in proof of — Cauchy's %e { Ceu Sar-+ + Ged \ eve Se, Ge eco § ie Se = (PLY (29t8) men ’. e\ x) x : on (vi) Consider = tre acon of Ze ve) Siew, Cysve, x (6, eas 1 OF)? (rtm Saw = andi wt tt \z]e 0 acts on / Mam. tHE. OF - staba\iter . * By orbit iL buf Bur simce by OY . : evwnet * _e arg of size & must be a caess) °\ % 4 Of oxb iy ° of P tin oe oO mod F es Ss \ etee = * ane ® cyeres in SP et -e ove / (iy But wus me Wenbhy (R-.)\ gpeycles F ek ner] ate . _ = av . give # Ve e Se \ etzey cy cles s Gers) = o mod? ov ays F =- mod co = -\ P 53. Show that if G is a non-abelian grou Ip of order 6 then it is isomorphic to De. (Hint: Use theorems 5 and 6 and fact 4) By Cauchys theotem we have an element % ef order 2 and an element Y of order 3 (2 pts) (2PH) made of 6 distinck elements and hence foxme we entxe grou? of = S1X_ elements. ~ £ 4x me @ becomes A commutative Lt wy = " ° (we ae ge group dep —, “s mye \S non - abelian) (Sets) 7 Check tat the only Pogsibiliky is Yes RY Sw 4 ~ — Zz Now the MAPPING e. G7 oe we (3pts) Yor xros give ad ad e mapre iSomorxphism Comer elements ay Blxy)= BOO). ) Wote. it Kya yu Men by Yheovem G6 we get GE gxyx = 2x23 Ze A Gourp of order G ic either isomorphic 6 to Ze oe De. . e