Ariziel Ruth D.

Marquez

Classification
Filtration
Settling

and Sedimentation
Centrifugal Filtration
Mechanical Size Reduction

Slurry

Filter Cake

Filter Medium

Open support
of funnel
Filtrate

Simple Laboratory Filtration Apparatus

 Classification
According

of Filters

to the desired product

Filtrate or the Filter cake
According to the operating cycle
Batch or Continuous
According to the arrangement of filter
medium
Series arrangement as flat sheet or
rotating type rolls

Bed

Filters
Plate-and-Frame Filter Press
Leaf Filters
Continuous Rotary Filters
Continuous

rotary vacuum-drum
Continuous rotary disk
Continuous rotary horizontal

 Filter

media

Twill,

heavy cloth, woolen cloth, glass

cloth, paper, felted pads or cellulose,
metal cloth, nylon, Darcon and synthetic
cloths

Filter

aids

Diatomaceous

earth (silica), wood

cellulose, asbestos, other porous solids

 General

Filtration-Rate Equation

Filtration Rate

dV
dt

driving force
resistance

P
A

csV
Agc

Rm

 where:
V

total volume of the filtrate

collected, m3
P - pressure drop, N/m2
- viscosity of filtrate, Pas
A - filter cross-sectional area, m2
Rm - resistance of filter medium, m-1
- specific cake resistance, m/kg
Cs - concentration of slurry, kg solid/m3

 Constant-Pressure

t
V

2A

Kp
B

Filtration

cs
V
P gc

A
A

cs
P gc
Rm
P gc

Rm
P gc

Kp
2

(s/m6)

(s/m3)

 Time

of Filtration
t

Kp
2

V2

BV
Constant-Pressure

10

t
V

Kp
2

6
t/V

Slope = Kp/2

4
2
Intersept = B

0
0

5
Filtrate, V

10

 Final

filtering rate gives the predicted

washing rate

dV
dt
where

Kp

1
Vf B

dV
dt

- Rate of washingin m3 s
f

V f - Total volume of filtrate for theentire period, m3

 Time

required for the formation of cake

t

KP 2
V
2

In

rotary drum, time t is less than the total

cycle time tc
t ft c ( f - fraction of submergence of drum)

If

filter medium resistance is large,

1

flow rate

V
At

2cs

- P gc f

tc
cs

Rm

tc2

Rm
tc

cs dV
V
2
A g c dt

Kv
C

Rm dV
Agc dt

cs dV
2
A g c dt
Rm dV
Agc dt

K vV

 Other

form of the equation

cs
A2 g c

dV
dt

Rm dV
Agc dt

Constant-Pressure

K vV

10

6
(-P)

Slope = Kv

4
2

Intersept = C

0
0

5
Filtrate, V

10