Perhitungan

Filtrasi
Perhitungan Filtrasi

Perhitungan filtrasi berdasarkan 2 keadaan :

n Filtrasi pada tekanan konstan

¨ Pada filtrasi ini, pressure drop dijaga konstan sehingga filtrat yang
mengalir semakin lama berkurang
n Filtrasi pada kecepatan filtrat konstan
¨ Pada filtrasi ini, pressure drop dibiarkan naik untuk menghasilkan
kecepatan filtrat (dV/dt) konstan
Cake Filtrasi

n Tipe cake :
¨ Incompressible cake
Sifat-sifat cake seperti densitas, porositas,
dll tidak dipengaruhi oleh ketinggian
cake (konstan)
¨ Compressible cake
Sifat-sifat cake seperti densitas,
porositas, dll dipengaruhi oleh
ketinggian cake
Filtrasi pada Tekanan Konstan
n Persamaan Umum :
dt = µ aav c µ Rm
V+
dV A2 (-DP) A(-DP)

dt = µ æ a avc ö
ç V + Rm ÷
dV A(-DP) è A ø

n Jika (-∆P) konstan maka integrasi persamaan di atas menjadi

t µα)* c µR 3
= V+
V 2A- −ΔP A −ΔP
B
Kp
2
n Example 14.2-1: Evaluation of Filtration Constants for Constant-Pressure Filtration
Data for the laboratory filtration of CaCO3 slurry in water at 298.2 K are reported as follows at a
constant pressure (-∆P) of 338 kN/m2 (7060 lbf/ft2). The filter area of the plate and frame press
was A = 0.0439 m2 (0,473 ft2) and the slurry concentration was cs = 23.47 kg/m3 (1.465 lbm.ft3).
Calculate the constants α and Rm from the experimental data given, where t is time in s and V is
filtrate volume collected in m3.

t V t V
4.4 0.498 x 10-3 46.1 3.002 x 10-3
9.5 1.000 x 10-3 59 3.506 x 10-3
16.3 1.501 x 10-3 73.6 4.004 x 10-3
24.6 2.000 x 10-3 89.4 4.502 x 10-3
34.7 2.498 x 10-3 107.3 5.009 x 10-3
n Example 14.2-2: Time Required to Perform a Filtration
The same slurry used in Example 14.2-1 is to be filtered in a plate and frame press having 20
frames and 0.873 m2 (9.3 ft2) area per frame. The same pressure will be used in constant-pressure
filtration. Assuming the same filter cake properties and filter cloth, calculate the time to recover
3.37 m3 (119 ft3) filtrate.
Filtrasi pada Tekanan Konstan
n Persamaan Washing Filter Cakes:

dV 1
=
dt 5 K 7 V5 + B

Untuk plate and frame fiter press, kecepatan pencucian

diprediksi sebesar ¼ dari laju filtrasi akhir.
Vf = total volume filtrat

dV 1 1
=
dt 5 4 K 7 V5 + B
n Example 14.2-3: Rate of Washing and Total Filter Cycle Time
At the end of the filtration cycle in Example 14.2-2, a total filtrate of 3.37 m3 is collected in a total
time of 269.7 s. The cake is to be washed by through washing in the plate-and-frame press using
a volume of wash water equal to 10% of the filtrate volume. Calculate the time of washing and the
total filter cycle time if cleaning the filter takes 20 min.

Video filter press :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wx_LgGI29WE
Filtrasi pada Tekanan Konstan

n Persamaan untuk filtrasi kontinu:

Pada filtrasi kontinu, tahanan medium filter
diabaikan apabila dibandingkan dengan
tahanan cake.
:;
t= K7
-
G/-
V 2 f −∆P
<lowrate = =
A tC t C µ α cF

f = the fraction of the cycle used for cake formation

Untuk rotary drum, f = the fraction submergence of
the drum surface in the slurry
n Example 14.2-4: Filtration in a Continuous Rotary Drum Filter
A rotary vacuum drum filter having a 33% submergence of the drum in the slurry is to be used to
filter a CaCO3 slurry as given in Example 14.2-1 using a pressure drop of 67 kPa. The solids
concentration in the slurry is cx = 0.191 kg solid/kg slurry and the filter cake is such that the kg
wet cake/kg dry cake = m= 2. The density and viscosity of the filtrate can be assumed as that of
water at 298.2 K. Calculate the filter area needed to filter 0.778 kg slurry/s. The filter cycle time is
250 s. The specific cake resistance can be represented by x = (4.37 x 109) (-∆P)0.3, where -∆P is in
Pa and 𝛂 in m/kg.
𝜌 water = 996.9 kg/m3, 𝜇 = 0.8937 x 10-3 Pa.s

Video rotary drum filter :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSflxzE0nIo