CPB 21404 Separation Process

CPB 20104 MASS TRANSFER 2

TUTORIAL 4

FILTRATION OPERATIONS

1. McMillen and Weber using a filter press with an area of 0.0929 m 2,

performed constant pressure filtration at 34.5 kPa of a 13.9 wt% CaCO 3
solids in water slurry at 300 K. The mass ratio of wet cake to dry cake
was 1.59. The dry cake density was 1017 kg/m 3. The data obtained are
as follows;

Table 1
Mass of filtrate, W (kg) Time, t (sec)
0.91 24
1.81 71
2.72 146
3.63 244
4.54 372
5.44 524
6.35 690
7.26 888
8.16 1188

Calculate the values of  and Rm.

2. The data given in the table below were obtained from the constant
pressure period of a pilot scale plate and frame filter press. The mass of
dry cake per unit volume of filtrate is 125 kg/m 3, filter area is 2.72 m2,
viscosity is 10-3 Pa.s and pressure drop is 3 bar. Calculate the cake
resistance and the filter medium resistance.

Table 2
Time Filtrate volume
t (s) V (m3)
92 0.024
160 0.039
232 0.054
327 0.071
418 0.088
472 0.096
538 0.106

3. The slurry of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is to be filtered in a press having

a total area of 8 m2 and operated at a constant pressure drop of 2 atm.
The frames are 36 mm thick. Assume that the filter medium resistance
in the large press is the same as that in the laboratory filter. Calculate

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CPB 21404 Separation Process

the filtration time required and the volume of filtrate obtained in one
cycle.

Additional data:
Viscosity of filtrate,   6.6  10 4 lb / ft.s
Density of dry cake,  c  73.0lb / ft
3

Slurry concentration, c  10.9lb / ft 3

Cake resistance,   12.7  1010 ft / lb
1
Filter medium resistance, Rm  1.55  10 ft
10

Newton’s law proportionality factor g c  32.174 ft / lb / lb f .s

2

4. The data below were taken in a constant pressure drop filtration of slurry
of CaCO3 in H2O. The pressure drop for this operation is 15 lb f/in2. The
filter was a 6 inch filter press with an area of 1.0 ft 2. The mass fraction of
solids in the feed to the press was 0.169. Calculate the values of cake
resistance (  ), filter medium resistance (Rm) and cake thickness.

Table 3
Filtrate, m (lb) Time,t (s)
0 0
2 24
4 71
6 146
8 244
10 372
12 524
14 690
16 888
18 1188

Additional data:
Kinematic viscosity of the slurry   0.982cP  6.6  10 4 lb / ft.s
Mass ratio of wet cake to dry cake ( m F / mc ) = 1.47
Density of dry cake  c  63.5lb / ft
3

Density of filtrate,  F  62.3lb / ft 3

Newton’s law proportionality factor g c  32.174 ft.lb / lb f .s
2

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CPB 21404 Separation Process

5. Calculate the relationship between the average cake resistance and the
filtration pressure from the following data, obtained from a series of
constant pressure filtration experiments.

Table 5
Pressure drop, P (kPa) Cake resistance,  (m/kg)
70 1.4 x 1011
104 1.8 x 1011
140 2.1 x 1011
210 2.7 x 1011
400 4.0 x 1011
800 5.6 x 1011

6. Data for the filtration of CaCO 3 slurry in water at 298.2 K (25 oC) are
reported as follows at a constant pressure of 46.2 kN/m 2 (6.70 psia). The
area of the plate and frame press was 0.0439 m 2 (0.473 ft2) and the
slurry concentration was 23.47 kg solid/m3 filtrate.
a) Calculate the constants  and Rm.
b) The same slurry is to be filtered in a plate and frame press having
30 frames and 0.873 m2 are per frame. The same pressure, 46.2
kN/m2 will be used in a constant pressure filtration. Assume the
same filter cake properties and filter cloth used. Calculate the time
to recover 2.26 m3 of filtrate.
c) At the end, using through washing and 0.283 m 3 of wash water,
calculate the time of washing and total filter cycle time if cleaning
the press takes 30 minutes.

Table 6
Volume of filtrate, V (m3) Time, t (sec)
0.5 x 10-3 17.3
1.0 x 10-3 41.3
1.5 x 10-3 72.0
2.0 x 10-3 108.3
2.5 x 10-3 152.0
3.0 x 10-3 201.7

7. Data for constant pressure filtration at 194.4 kN/m 2 are reported for the
same slurry and press as in Question 4 as follows;

Table 7
Volume, V (m3) Time, t (sec)
0.5 x 10-3 6.3
1.0 x 10-3 14.0
1.5 x 10-3 24.2
2.0 x 10-3 37.0
2.5 x 10-3 51.7
3.0 x 10-3 69.0

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3.5 x 10-3 88.8

4.0 x 10-3 110.0
4.5 x 10-3 134.0
5.0 x 10-3 160.0

Calculate the constant  and Rm.

8. An experimental filter press having an area of 0.0414 m 2 is used to filter

an aqueous BaCO3 slurry at constant pressure of 267 kPa. The filtration
equation obtained was
t
 10.25  10 6 V  3.4  10 3
V
where t is in seconds and V in m3.
a) If the same slurry and conditions are used in a leaf press having
an area of 6.97 m2, calculate the time required to obtain 1.00 m3
of filtrate.
b) After filtration, the cake is to be washed with 0.100 m 3 of water.
Calculate the time of washing.

9. A rotary vacuum drum filter having a 33% submergence of the drum in

the slurry is to be used to filter a CaCO 3 slurry using a pressure drop of
67.0 kPa. The solids concentration in the slurry is 0.191 kg solid/kg
slurry and the filter cake is such that the kg wet cake/kg dry cake is 2.0.
The density and viscosity of the filtrate can be assumed as those of water
at 298.2 K. Calculate the filter area needed to filter 0.778 kg slurry/s.
The filter cycle time is 250s. The specific cake resistance can be
represented by   (4.37  10 9 )( p) 0.3 , where p is in Pa and  in
m/kg.

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