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28.heat Transfer
28.heat Transfer
HEAT TRANSFER
1.
2.
3.
4.
t1 = 90C,
t2 = 10C
3
l = 1 cm = 1 10 m
2
2
2
A = 10 cm 10 cm = 0.1 0.1 m = 1 10 m
K = 0.80 w/m-C
10 cm
KA (1 2 )
8 10 1 1 10 2 80
Q
=
=
= 64 J/s = 64 60 3840 J.
t
l
1 10 2
2
t = 1 cm = 0.01 m,
A = 0.8 m
1 = 300,
2 = 80
K = 0.025,
KA(1 2 )
Q
0.025 0.8 (30030 )
=
=
= 440 watt.
t
l
0.01
2
K = 0.04 J/m-5C,
A = 1.6 m
t1 = 97F = 36.1C
t2 = 47F = 8.33C
l = 0.5 cm = 0.005 m
10
1 cm
KA (1 2 )
4 10 2 1.6 27.78
Q
=
=
= 356 J/s
t
l
5 10 3
2
4
2
A = 25 cm = 25 10 m
3
l = 1 mm = 10 m
K = 50 w/m-C
Q
= Rate of conversion of water into steam
t
10 1 2.26 10 6
100 10 3 2.26 10 6
4
=
=
= 0.376 10
1 min
60
KA (1 2 )
50 25 10 4 ( 100 )
Q
4
=
0.376 10 =
t
l
10 3
=
5.
6.
7.
10 3 0.376 10 4
50 25 10
10 5 0.376
= 30.1 30
50 25
K = 46 w/m-sC
l=1m
2
6
2
A = 0.04 cm = 4 10 m
5
Lfussion ice = 3.36 10 j/Kg
46 4 10 6 100
Q
8
5
=
= 5.4 10 kg 5.4 10 g.
t
1
A = 2400 cm2 = 2400 104 m2
3
= 2 mm = 2 10 m
K = 0.06 w/m-C
1 = 20C
2 = 0C
0C
KA(1 2 )
Q
0.06 2400 10 4 20
1
=
=
= 24 6 10 10 = 24 6 = 144 J/sec
3
t
2 10
144
144 3600
m
Q
=
=
Kg/h =
Kg/s = 1.52 kg/s.
Rate in which ice melts =
t
t L
3.4 10 5
3.4 10 5
3
= 1 mm = 10 m
m = 10 kg
2
2
2
A = 200 cm = 2 10 m
6
Lvap = 2.27 10 J/kg
K = 0.80 J/m-s-C
28.1
100C
Heat Transfer
6
dQ = 2.27 10 10,
2.27 10 7
dQ
2
=
= 2.27 10 J/s
dt
10 5
Again we know
dQ
0.80 2 10 2 ( 42 T )
=
dt
1 10 3
So,
8.
= 2.27 10
10
16 42 16T = 227 T = 27.8 28C
K = 45 w/m-C
2
= 60 cm = 60 10 m
2
4
2
A = 0.2 cm = 0.2 10 m
Rate of heat flow,
=
9.
8 2 10 3 ( 42 T )
Q2 = 20
Q1 = 40
KA (1 2 )
45 0.2 10 4 20
3
=
= 30 10 0.03 w
60 10 2
2
A = 10 cm ,
h = 10 cm
KA(1 2 )
Q
200 10 3 30
=
=
= 6000
t
1 10 3
Since heat goes out from both surfaces. Hence net heat coming out.
Q
Q
=
= 6000 2 = 12000,
= MS
t
t
t
3
1
6000 2 = 10 10 1000 4200
t
72000
=
= 28.57
t
420
So, in 1 Sec. 28.57C is dropped
1
Hence for drop of 1C
sec. = 0.035 sec. is required
28.57
2
10. = 20 cm = 20 10 m
2
4
2
A = 0.2 cm = 0.2 10 m
1 = 80C,
2 = 20C,
K = 385
KA(1 2 )
Q
385 0.2 10 4 (80 20)
4
3
=
=
= 385 6 10 10 = 2310 10 = 2.31
(a)
t
20 10 2
(b) Let the temp of the 11 cm point be
Q
=
20C
l
tKA
2.31
11 cm
=
l
385 0.2 10 4
20
2.31
=
2
11 10
385 0.2 10 4
2.31 10 4
11 10 2 = 33
385 0.2
= 33 + 20 = 53
11. Let the point to be touched be B
No heat will flow when, the temp at that point is also 25C
i.e. QAB = QBC
C
KA(100 25)
KA(25 0)
So,
=
100 x
x
75 x = 2500 25 x 100 x = 2500 x = 25 cm from the end with 0C
80C
20 =
28.2
100 cm
B
x
A
100x
Heat Transfer
12. V = 216 cm
a = 6 cm,
3
2
Surface area = 6 a = 6 36 m
Q
= 100 W,
t
t = 0.1 cm
KA(1 2 )
Q
=
t
100 =
K=
K 6 36 10 4 5
0.1 10 2
100
KA(1 2 )
5 10 1 5 2 1
=
= 12.5 kg.
dvg
2 10 3 10 1 10
3
14. K = 1.7 W/m-C
w = 1000 Kg/m
5
2
Lice = 3.36 10 J/kg
T = 10 cm = 10 10 m
KA(1 2 )
KA(1 2 )
KA (1 2 )
Q
10 cm
=
=
=
(a)
t
t
Q
mL
KA (1 2 )
1.7 [0 ( 10)]
=
=
At w L
10 10 2 1000 3.36 10 5
M=
0C
0C
17
7
7
10 7 = 5.059 10 5 10 m/sec
3.36
(b) let us assume that x length of ice has become formed to form a small strip of ice of length dx, dt time
is required.
dQ
KA ( )
dmL
KA ( )
Adx L
KA ( )
=
=
dt
x
dt
x
dt
x
xdxL
dx L
K ( )
=
dt =
x
dt
x
K ( )
=
dt =
L t
xdx
K( ) 0
Putting values
t=
L l 2
L x 2
=
K( ) 2
K 2
dx
3.36 10 6
1000 3.36 10 5 10 10 2
3.36
=
10 6 sec. =
hrs = 27.45 hrs 27.5 hrs.
1.7 10 2
2 17
2 17 3600
15. let B be the maximum level upto which ice is formed. Hence the heat conducted at that point from both
the levels is the same.
A
Let AB = x
10C
K ice A 10
K water A 4
Q
Q
x
ice =
water
=
i.e.
1 cm
t
t
x
(1 x )
t=
1.7 10
17
2
5 10 1 4
=
=
x
1 x
x
1 x
17
17 17 x = 2x 19 x = 17 x =
= 0.894 89 cm
19
28.3
1x
C
4C
Heat Transfer
16. KAB = 50 j/m-s-c
A = 40C
B = 80C
KBC = 200 j/m-s-c
KAC = 400 j/m-s-c
C = 80C
2
Length = 20 cm = 20 10 m
2
4
2
A = 1 cm = 1 10 m
(a)
Q AB
K A ( B A )
50 1 10 4 40
= AB
=
= 1 W.
t
l
20 10 2
(b)
Q AC
K A(C A )
400 1 10 4 40
2
= AC
=
= 800 10 = 8
t
l
20 10 2
QBC
K A ( B C )
200 1 10 4 0
= BC
=
=0
t
l
20 10 2
KA(1 2 )
17. We know Q =
d
KA (1 2 )
KA (1 2 )
Q1 =
,
Q2 =
d1
d2
(c)
KA (1 1 )
Q1
2r
2
r
=
=
=
[d1 = r,
d2 = 2r]
KA (1 1 )
Q2
r
2r
18. The rate of heat flow per sec.
dQ A
d
=
= KA
dt
dt
The rate of heat flow per sec.
dQB
d
= KA B
=
dt
dt
This part of heat is absorbed by the red.
Q
ms
d
=
where
= Rate of net temp. variation
t
dt
dt
d
d
d
msd
d
d
= KA A KA B
ms
= KA A B
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
d
4
= 200 1 10 (5 2.5) C/cm
dt
d
-4
0 .4
= 200 10 2.5
dt
0 .4
200 2.5 10 4
d
2
=
C/m = 1250 10 = 12.5 C/m
dt
0.4 10 2
19. Given
T2 - T1 = 90C
Krubber = 0.15 J/m-s-C
We know for radial conduction in a Cylinder
2Kl(T2 T1 )
Q
=
ln(R 2 / R1 )
t
=
20.
2 3.14 15 10 2 50 10 1 90
= 232.5 233 j/s.
ln(1.2 / 1)
dQ
= Rate of flow of heat
dt
Let us consider a strip at a distance r from the center of thickness dr.
dQ
K 2rd d
=
[d = Temperature diff across the thickness dr]
dt
dr
28.4
120C
50 cm
Heat Transfer
C=
K 2rd d
dr
c dr
dr
r
dr
= K2d d
r
Integrating
C
r2
r1
dr
= K2d
r
r1
r2
Clog r r2 = K2d (2 1)
r
r
C(log r2 log r1) = K2d (2 1) C log 2 = K2d (2 1)
r1
K 2d( 2 1 )
C=
log(r2 / r1 )
21. T1 > T2
2
2
A = (R2 R1 )
2
KA (T2 T1 )
KA (R 2 R1 )(T2 T1 )
=
l
l
Considering a concentric cylindrical shell of radius r and thickness
dr. The radial heat flow through the shell
dQ
d
= KA
[(-)ve because as r increases
H=
dt
dt
decreases]
d
H = 2rl K
A = 2rl
dt
So, Q =
R2
or
R1
2LK
dr
=
H
r
T2
R1
R2
T1
T2
T1
H=
dt
Loge(R 2 / R1 )
ln(R 2 / R1 )
22. Here the thermal conductivities are in series,
K 1A(1 2 ) K 2 A(1 2 )
KA (1 2 )
l1
l2
=
K 1A(1 2 ) K 2 A(1 2 )
l1 l2
l1
l2
K1 K 2
l
l2
1
K1 K 2
l1
l2
L1
L2
K
l1 l 2
K 1K 2
(K 1K 2 )(l1 l2 )
K
=
K=
K 1l 2 K 2l1
l1 l2
K 1l2 K 2l1
0C
Cu
Steel
C
100C
Heat Transfer
24. As the Aluminum rod and Copper rod joined are in parallel
Q
Q
Q
=
t
t
1 Al t Cu
40C
80C
Cu
Al
80C
KA(1 2 )
K A(1 2 ) K 2 A(1 2 )
= 1
l
l
l
K = K1 + K2 = (390 + 200) = 590
KA (1 2 )
590 1 10 4 (60 20)
Q
4
=
=
= 590 10 40 = 2.36 Watt
t
l
1
KCu = 400 w/m-C
25. KAl = 200 w/m-C
2
5
2
A = 0.2 cm = 2 10 m
1
l = 20 cm = 2 10 m
Heat drawn per second
K Al A(80 40) K Cu A(80 40)
2 10 5 40
=
0C
F
27.
(Q/t)BE bent =
20 cm
A
100C
B
60 cm
20 cm
130 6
= 60
13
Q
780 A 100
bent =
t
70
Q
390 A 100
str =
t
60
(Q / t ) bent
780 A 100
60
12
=
=
(Q / t ) str
70
390 A 100
7
28. (a)
KA(1 2 )
Q
1 2 1( 40 32)
=
=
= 8000 J/sec.
t
2 10 3
60 cm
5 cm
20 cm
5 cm
20 cm
1 mm
ak a
ak g ak g ak a
=
1
2
2k a k g
=
a kg ka
a K gk a
1 10 3 2 0.025 1
2
0.025
1 10 3 1.05
0.05
8 0.05
=
= 380.9 381 W
1 10 3 1.05
=
2
Q
= 1
t
R
28.6
Heat Transfer
29. Now; Q/t remains same in both cases
K A (100 70)
K A (70 0)
= B
In Case : A
30 KA = 70 KB
K A (100 )
K A ( 0)
In Case : B
= A
100KB KB = KA
70
KB
100KB KB =
30
7
300
=
= 30C
100 =
3
10
30. 1 2 = 100
2
Q
0C
= 1
t
R
1
2
R = R1 + R2 +R3 =
=
=
aK Al aK Cu aK Al
a 200 400
100C
100C
Al
70C
A
0C
C
B
0C
Al
Cu
100C
1
4 1
=
a 400
a 80
100
Q
a
=
40 = 80 100
/ a 1 / 80
t
a
1
=
200
For (b)
l
l
l
R CuR Al
R CuR Al
AK Al AK Cu AK Al
R = R1 + R2 = R1 +
= RAl +
=
l
l
R Cu R Al
R Cu R Al
A Cu A Al
=
R2
2
100
Q
100 600 A
100 600
1
= 1
=
=
=
= 75
l / A 4 / 600
t
R
4
l
4
200
For (c)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
=
l
l
l
R
R1 R 2 R 3
aK Al
aK Cu aK Al
Al
T T3 T T2
T1 T
=
l
3l / 2
3l / 2
3T1 2(T2 T3 )
T=
7
28.7
Al
Al
0C
a
a
a
(K Al K Cu K Al ) = 2 200 400 = 800
l
l
l
l
1
R=
a 800
2
Q
100 800 a
= 1
=
t
R
l
100 800
=
= 400 W
200
31. Let the temp. at B be T
Q
QA
Q
KA(T1 T )
KA(T T3 ) KA(T T2 )
= B C
=
t
t
t
l
l (l / 2)
l (l / 2)
=
R 100C
Cu
R1
l
l
l
l
4
l 1
1
AK Al A K Al K Cu
A 200 200 400 A 600
Cu
100C
Al
T2
T3
F
QB
QC
B
D
QA
T1
T2
T3
F
QB
QC
C
D
QA
T1
Heat Transfer
32. The temp at the both ends of bar F is same
Rate of Heat flow to right = Rate of heat flow through left
(Q/t)A + (Q/t)C = (Q/t)B + (Q/t)D
K (T T )A K C (T1 T )A
K (T T2 )A K D (T T2 )A
A 1
= B
l
l
l
l
2K0(T1 T) = 2 2K0(T T2)
T1 T = 2T 2T2
T 2T2
T= 1
3
y r1
r2 r1
33. Tan =
=
L
x
xr2 xr1 = yL r1L
Differentiating wr to x
Ldy
r2 r 1 =
0
dx
r r
dyL
dy
= 2 1 dx =
(1)
r2 r1
dx
L
(r2 r1) r2
r1
QLdy
(r2 r1 )Ky 2
d =
QL
r2 r1 k
r2
r1
dy
y
r
1 2
QL
(2 1) =
r2 r1 K y r
1
1 1
QL
(2 1) =
r2 r1 K r1 r2
(2 1) =
r r
QL
2 1
r2 r1 K r1 r2
Kr1r2 ( 2 1 )
L
d
60
=
= 0.1C/sec
dt
10 60
dQ
KA
1 2
=
dt
d
KA 0.1 KA 0.2
KA 60
.......
=
d
d
d
KA
KA 600
=
(0.1 0.2 ........ 60) =
Q=
34.
200 1 10 4
20 10 2
= 3 10 60.1 = 1803 w 1800 w
Ky 2 d
Q
dx
2
=
= ky d
T
dx
T
Ldy
2
= Ky d
from(1)
r2r1
28.8
Now
dx
Heat Transfer
35. a = r1 = 5 cm = 0.05 m
b = r2 = 20 cm = 0.2 m
1 = T1 = 50C
2 = T2 = 10C
Now, considering a small strip of thickness dr at a distance r.
2
A = 4 r
d
2
H = 4 r K
[()ve because with increase of r, decreases]
dr
b dr
4K 2
=
On integration,
=
d
2
a r
H 1
4ab(1 2 )
dQ
H=
= K
dt
(b a)
Putting the values we get
20
cm
K 4 3.14 5 20 40 10 3
K=
15 10 2
15
dr
= 100
= 2.985 3 w/m-C
4 3.14 4 10 1
KA (T1 T2 )
KA (T1 T2 )
Q
36.
=
Rise in Temp. in T2
t
L
Lms
KA (T1 T2 )
KA(T1 T2 )
Fall in Temp in T1 =
Final Temp. T1 T1
Lms
Lms
KA (T1 T2 )
Final Temp. T2 = T2
Lms
KA(T1 T2 )
KA (T1 T2 )
T
Final
= T1
T2
dt
Lms
Lms
= T1 T2
Ln
37.
2KA(T1 T2 )
2KA(T1 T2 )
dT
=
=
Lms
dt
Lms
(T1 T2 ) / 2
2KAt
=
(T1 T2 )
Lms
ln (1/2) =
KA(T1 T2 )
Q
=
t
L
Fall in Temp in T1
( T1 T2 )
( T1 T2 )
2KAt
Lms
Rise in Temp. in T2
KA (T1 T2 )
Lm 2 s 2
Final Temp. T2 = T2
Final Temp. T1 = T1
2KA
dt
=
dt
Lms
(T1 T2 )
ln2 =
2KAt
Lms
t = ln2
KA (T1 T2 )
Lm1s1
KA(T1 T2 )
Lm1s1
KA (T1 T2 )
Lm1s1
KA(T1 T2 ) KA (T1 T2 )
KA(T1 T2 )
KA (T1 T2 )
T
T2
= T1
= T1 T2
dt
Lm1s1
Lm 2 s 2
Lm 2 s 2
Lm1s1
KA T1 T2 1
dT
1
dt
L
m1s1 m 2 s 2
lnt =
dT
KA m 2 s 2 m1s1
dt
=
T1 T2
L m1s1m 2 s 2
KA m2 s 2 m1s1
t C
L m1s1m2 s 2
At time t = 0, T = T0,
ln
5 cm
T = T0
T
T
KA m 2 s 2 m1s1
t
=
= e
T0
T0
L m1s1m 2 s 2
T = T0 e
KA m1s1 m2s2
t
L m1s1m2s2
= T2 T1 e
C = lnT0
KA m1s1 m2s2
t
L m1s1m2s2
KA m1s1 m2s2
t
L m1s1m2s2
28.9
Lms
2KA
Heat Transfer
38.
KA(Ts T0 )
nCP dT KA(Ts T0 )
Q
=
=
t
x
dt
x
KA(Ts T0 )
2LA
n(5 / 2)RdT
dT
=
(TS T0 )
5nRx
dt
x
dt
dT
2KAdt
2KAdt
=
ln(TS T0 )TT0 =
(TS T0 )
5nRx
5nRx
2KAt
ln
TS T
2KAdt
=
TS T = (TS T0 )e 5nRx
TS T0
5nRx
T = TS ( TS T0 )e
2KAt
5nRx
= TS (TS T0 )e
T = T T0 = (TS T0 ) (TS T0 )e
2KAt
5nRx
2KAt
5nRx
2KAt
= (TS T0 ) 1 e 5nRx
2KAt
Pa AL
P AL
= (TS T0 ) 1 e 5nRx
[padv = nRdt
PaAl = nRdt
dT = a
]
nR
nR
2KAt
nR
L=
(TS T0 ) 1 e 5nRx
Pa A
2
8
2
4
39. A = 1.6 m ,
T = 37C = 310 K,
= 6.0 10 w/m -K
Energy radiated per second
4
8
4
4
= AT = 1.6 6 10 (310) = 8865801 10 = 886.58 887 J
2
4
2
40. A = 12 cm = 12 10 m
T = 20C = 293 K
8
2 4
e = 0.8
= 6 10 w/m -k
Q
4
4
8
4
12
13
= Ae T = 12 10 0.8 6 10 (293) = 4.245 10 10 = 0.4245 0.42
t
41. E Energy radiated per unit area per unit time
Rate of heat flow Energy radiated
(a) Per time = E A
So, EAl =
eT 4 A
4
4r 2
2
4(2r )
eT A
(b) Emissivity of both are same
m1S1dT1
=1
=
m 2S 2 dT2
1
4
1:4
dT1
m S
s 4r 3 S 2
1 900
= 2 2 = 1 13
=
=1:2:9
dT2
m1S1
3
.
4 8 390
s 2 4r2 S1
Q
4
= Ae T
t
100
4
4
T =
T =
teA
0.8 2 3.14 4 10 5 1 6 10 8
T = 1697.0 1700 K
2
4
2
43. (a) A = 20 cm = 20 10 m ,
T = 57C = 330 K
4
4
8
4
4
E = A T = 20 10 6 10 (330) 10 = 1.42 J
E
4
4
2
4
2
(b)
= Ae(T1 T2 ),
A = 20 cm = 20 10 m
t
8
= 6 10
T1 = 473 K,
T2 = 330 K
4
8
4
4
= 20 10 6 10 1[(473) (330) ]
10
10
= 20 6 [5.005 10 1.185 10 ]
2
from the ball.
= 20 6 3.82 10 = 4.58 w
42.
28.10
Heat Transfer
3
44. r = 1 cm = 1 10 m
2 2
4
2
A = 4(10 ) = 4 10 m
8
E = 0.3,
= 6 10
E
4
4
= Ae(T1 T2 )
t
8
4
4
4
= 0.3 6 10 4 10 [(100) (300) ]
12
12
= 0.3 6 4 10 [1 0.0081] 10
4
= 0.3 6 4 3.14 9919 10
5
= 4 18 3.14 9919 10 = 22.4 22 W
45. Since the Cube can be assumed as black body
e=
8
2 4
= 6 10 w/m -k
4
2
A = 6 25 10 m
m = 1 kg
s = 400 J/kg-K
T1 = 227C = 500 K
T2 = 27C = 300 K
d
4
4
ms
= eA(T1 T2 )
dt
eA T1 T2
d
=
dt
ms
1 6 10 8 6 25 10 4 [(500 ) 4 (300) 4 ]
1 400
36 25 544
4
=
10 4 = 1224 10 = 0.1224C/s 0.12C/s.
400
4
4
46. Q = eA(T2 T1 )
For any body, 210 = eA[(500)4 (300)4]
For black body, 700 = 1 A[(500)4 (300)4]
210
e
Dividing
=
e = 0.3
700
1
2
2
AB = 80 cm
47. AA = 20 cm ,
(mS)A = 42 J/C,
(mS)B = 82 J/C,
TA = 100C,
TB = 20C
KB is low thus it is a poor conducter and KA is high.
Thus A will absorb no heat and conduct all
=
E
4
4
= AA [(373) (293) ]
t
A
d
mS A =
dt A
B
A
AA [(373) (293) ]
A a (373 ) 4 (293 ) 4
6 10 8 (373 ) 4 (293 ) 4
d
=
=
= 0.03 C/S
(mS ) A
42
dt A
d
Similarly = 0.043 C/S
dt B
48.
Q
4
4
= eAe(T2 T1 )
t
Q
8
4
4
8
8
8
= 1 6 10 [(300) (290) ]
= 6 10 (81 10 70.7 10 ) = 6 10.3
At
KA (1 2 )
Q
=
t
l
K(1 2 )
Q
K 17
K 17
6 10.3 0.5
=
=
= 6 10.3 =
K=
= 1.8
tA
l
0 .5
0 .5
17
28.11
Heat Transfer
8
49. = 6 10 w/m -k
L = 20 cm = 0.2 m,
K=?
KA(1 2 )
4
4
E=
= A(T1 T2 )
d
s(T1 T2 ) d
6 10 8 (750 4 300 4 ) 2 10 1
K=
=
1 2
50
K = 73.993 74.
50. v = 100 cc
= 5C
t = 5 min
For water
mS
KA
=
dt
l
8
( 47.5 T )
By C & D [Componendo & Dividendo method]
We find, T = 34.1C
28.12
300 K
750 K
800 K
20 cm
Heat Transfer
52. Let the water eq. of calorimeter = m
(m 50 10 3 ) 4200 5
= Rate of heat flow
10
(m 100 10 3 ) 4200 5
= Rate of flow
18
(m 50 10 3 ) 4200 5
(m 100 10 3 ) 4200 5
=
10
18
3
3
(m + 50 10 )18 = 10m + 1000 10
3
3
18m + 18 50 10 = 10m + 1000 10
3
8m = 100 10 kg
3
m = 12.5 10 kg = 12.5 g
53. In steady state condition as no heat is absorbed, the rate of loss of heat by
conduction is equal to that of the supplied.
i.e. H = P
m = 1Kg, Power of Heater = 20 W, Room Temp. = 20C
d
= P = 20 watt
(a) H =
dt
(b) by Newtons law of cooling
d
= K( 0)
dt
20 = K(50 20) K = 2/3
d
2
20
= K( 0) = (30 20) =
w
Again,
3
dt
3
20
10
dQ
dQ
dQ
=
(c)
= 0,
=
3
3
dt 20
dt 30
dt avg
T = 5 min = 300
10
300 = 1000 J
3
Net Heat absorbed = Heat supplied Heat Radiated = 6000 1000 = 5000 J
Now, m = 5000
5000
5000
1
1
S=
=
= 500 J Kg C
m
1 10
54. Given:
Heat capacity = m s = 80 J/C
Heat liberated =
d
= 2 C/s
dt increase
d
= 0.2 C/s
dt decrease
d
= 80 2 = 160 W
(a) Power of heater = mS
dt increa sin g
d
= 80 0.2 = 16 W
(b) Power radiated = mS
dt decrea sin g
d
= K(T T0)
(c) Now mS
dt decrea sin g
16 = K(30 20)
K=
16
= 1.6
10
d
= K(T T0) = 1.6 (30 25) = 1.6 5 = 8 W
dt
(d) P.t = H 8 t
Now,
28.13
30C
T
20C
Heat Transfer
55.
d
= K(T T0)
dt
Temp. at t = 0 is 1
(a) Max. Heat that the body can loose = Qm = ms(1 0)
( as, t = 1 0)
(b) if the body loses 90% of the max heat the decrease in its temp. will be
( 0 ) 9
Q m 9
= 1
10ms
10
If it takes time t1, for this process, the temp. at t1
101 91 90
9 0
9
= 1 (1 0 )
=
= 1
1
10
10
10
d
Now,
= K( 1)
dt
Let = 1 at t = 0; & be temp. at time t
d
K dt
o
0
or, ln
= Kt
1 0
kt
(2)
or, 0 = (1 0) e
Putting value in the Eq (1) and Eq (2)
1 90
kt
0 (1 0) e
10
ln 10
t1 =
k
28.14