THE CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG

Department of Mathematics
Math4010 Functional analysis
Assignment 1 Suggested solution
*Please email to the tutor if there are mistakes

P.8 3

3
Obviously d(x,y) is real valued ,non negative x, y R . And d(x,y)=0
p
|x y| = 0 |x y| = 0 x = y .
p
p
p
p
x, y, z R, ( |x z| + |y z|)2 = |x z| + |y z| + 2 |x z| |y z|
|x z| + |y z| |x y|, by triangular inequality of absolute values, we
p
p
p
have |x z| + |y z| |x y| . So d(x,y) defines a metric on R . In
fact , we have shown more , if (X,d) is a metric space , then (X,D) is also metric
p
space , D(x,y)= d(x, y) .

P.16 4 , 5 , 8

4
x1 = 0, xn =

1
ln n

is a suitable sequence . Obviously , xn tends to 0 as n tends to

.
Show that x
/ lp , p [1, +). Fix p [1, +) , By L.Hospital Rule .
limx

x
(ln x)p

= limx

x
p(ln x)p1

= limx

x
p(p1)(ln x)p2

= ...

= limx

x
p(p1)(p2)...1

= + , if p is a positive integer.

= limx

x
p(p1)(p2)...(pm+1)(ln x)pm

= + , if p is not a positive integer and p

 [m-1,m) , m is some integer .

So natural number N depend on p s.t n N ,
P 1
/ lp , p [1, +)
n=N n = , we have x

1
(ln n)p

1
n

so

1
n=N (ln n)p

5
xn =

1
n

is a suitable sequences .

8
We assume X has at least 2 elements a, b X. Let A be the set containing a only
, B be the set containing both a and b , obviously A 6= B
0 D(A, B) d(a, a) = 0 , so D(A,B)=0 with A 6= B , D is not a metric .

P.24 3, 14

it suffices to find d(x,y) . |sin(t) cos(t)|= 2|cos( 4 )sin(t) sin( 4 )cos(t)|

= 2|sin(t 4 )| 2 , with equality hold when t= 3

,
4

so we have d(x,y)= maxt[0,2] |x y| = 2.

14
By theorem 1.3-4 T is continuous on X iff the pre-image of every open set in Y
is open X .
), closed set M in Y , Mc is open in Y ,we have T a (M c ) is open , So
T a (M c ) = (T a (M ))c is open and T a (M ) = ((T a (M ))c )c is closed .
) let V be open in Y ,V c is closed ,so T a (V c ) is closed .
T a (V ) = ((T a (V ))c )c = (T a (V c ))c is open .

P.40 8, 9

8
We assume the completeness of C[a, b] which will be proved in Q.9. By Theorem
1.4-7, it suffices to show that Y is closed. Suppose xn in Y converges to y in
C[a, b], then
y(a) = lim xn (a) = lim xn (b) = y(b).
n

So y is in Y and Y is closed.

9
Suppose fn is sequence in C[a, b] which converges uniformly to f over [a, b]. Fix
x [a, b], > 0, N s.t n N

sup |fn (t) f (t)| .

3
t[a,b]

By the continuity of fN at x, > 0 s.t. y [a, b] and |x y| < , |fN (x)

fN (y)| < and

3
|f (x) f (y)| |fN (x) f (x)| + |fN (x) fN (y)| + |fN (y) f (y)|

+ + = .
3 3 3

Hence f is continuous on [a, b].

P.46 6

6
xa
),x [a,b] is a suitable mapping , it is well
ba
defined as composition of continuous functions is continuous .
T:C[0,1]C[a,b] , T (f )(x) = f (

T is injective , as T(f)=T(g) T (f )(x) = T (g)(x), x [a, b].

3

xa
xa
) = g(
), x [a, b].
ba
ba
xa
f (y) = g(y), y [0,1] , as x7
is a bijective mapping from [a,b] to [0,1] .
ba
T is surjective , given g C[a,b] , f(y):=g(a+(b-a)y) y [0,1] , obviously f
f(

C[0,1] , and T(f)(x)=g(a+(b-a) xa

)=g(x)
ba
T preserves metric , d(T(f),T(h))=maxx[a,b] |T (f )(x) T (h)(x)|
xa
xa
) h(
)|
= maxx[a,b] |f (
ba
ba
= maxy[0,1] |f (y) h(y)|
= d(f, h) .