Welcome to

PRESENTATION ON
AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF

(ABT)
--------anilpatil
2010

ABT is
Frequency Based Tariff (Drawals (Vs.)

Frequency)
Reactive power based Tariff (Reactive

Power (Vs.) Voltage)

Adverse Grid conditions

Wide frequency fluctuations cause serious

damages at Generation & load ends.
Low frequency during peak load hours, with
frequency going down to 48.0 48.5 Hz. for
many hours every day.
High frequency during off peak hours, with
frequency going up to 50.5 to 51Hz. for many
hours every day.
Rapid and wide changes in frequency 1 Hz.
change in 5 to 10 minutes, for many hours
every day.
Very frequent grid disturbances, causing
tripping of generating stations, interruption
of supply to large blocks of consumers, and
disintegration of the regional grids.

PRE-ABT problems in Grid operation

Peak
Freq.
(Hz)
Load
(MW)

Off-Peak
Time (hours)

1 Low frequency: 2 High frequency: 3 Rapid change:

48 48.5 Hz
50.5 51 Hz
1 Hz in 5 10
minutes;
many hours everyday
4 Frequent grid disturbances:
Generator trippings,
supply interruptions,
grid disintegration
5

Solutions identified by CTU

The CTU has stated that the solution to these problems
lies in:
Maximization of generation during peak load hours and

load curtailment equal to the deficit in generation

Backing down of generation to match the system load

reduction during off peak hours, as per merit order of
generation.

LGB (Load Generation balance to be maintained

Central Transmission Utility (CTU)'s resolution

Maximisation of generation

Load curtailment equal to the deficit in generation.

Peak

Load
(MW)

Off-Peak

Backing down of generation to match the system load reduction

keeping the merit order of generation in view

Availability Based Tariff 6 Yrs Succesfully completed!!!

July-02 to July-09 Seven Years is significant for WR

constituents for successful implementation of ABT

For the first time in India, in the history of power sector
Western Region -

1-July-2002

Northern Region -

1-Dec-2002

Southern Region

1-Jan-2003

Eastern Region -

1-Apr-2003

North-Eastern Region-

1-Nov-2003

Inter-State Availability Based

Tariff..?
It is an effective commercial mechanism

envisaged to enforce Grid Discipline under

the basic framework of Indian Electricity
Grid Code (IEGC)

Applicability
ABT is applicable to
To the generators supplying energy to more than

one constituent(i.e.) Central generating stations.

To all the constituents who draw power from

central grid.

Present tariffs and billing procedures

NTPC: Two part tariff

1)Fixed cost 2) Variable cost

Others: single part tariff.
Billing: Pooled cost is being applied for the
energy drawn from central grid irrespective of
the entitlements on monthly basis@.
No penalty for over or under drawals
@There

are subsequent changes with one or more constituents

having no entitlement from a generator

Why ABT?
Indiscipline by generator by generating more

during high frequency and less during low

frequency than scheduled generation.
Indiscipline by constituents by drawing more

during low frequency and less during high

frequency than the scheduled drawal.
Both are injurious to the grid.
Hence CTU has proposed ABT

Concept of availability based tariff

Capacity allocations from generating station to

each constituent
constituent.

will

be

owned

by

that

Constituent has to pay full fixed charges for the

allocated power.
Constituent can trade the capacity allocated.
Constituent can schedule the energy from each

generator as per requirement and Merit Order

and can save cost of power purchase.

Concept of availability based tarif

Generator:

CERC will fix target availability at which fixed

charges can be recovered in full.

Generates

as per the requirement

constituents subject to technical limitations.

of

Gets incentive for better performance.

Receives variable charge as per scheduled

generation.

Components of Proposed ABT

1)

Capacity charges based on declared availability

Each generating station has its capacity charge.

2)

Energy charges for the energy scheduled

- Variable Cost
Each generating station has its variable charge.

3) Unscheduled Interchange (UI) charge- 49.20-50.30 Hz

Linked to frequency at 50.30 Hz 0 p/u
at 49.20 Hz. 0735 p/u

(This tariff is common to all generators as well as

constituents)

Availability Based Tariff

Availability Based Tariff (ABT) consists of 3 parts.
1. Capacity Charge for sent out Availability.
2. Energy Charge for scheduled generation / drawl.
3. Unscheduled interchange (UI)

The variation of scheduled generation (SG) to actual

generation (AG)= SG ~ AG.

The variation of scheduled drawl(SD) to actual Drawl

(AD) = SD ~ AD.

Receipts by the Generator

A.

Capacity Charge
availability.

based

on

declared

generation

B.

Energy charges for the energy scheduled by RLDC .

C.

UI charges (at low frequency operation):

If UI is positive generator will receive. AG > SG
If UI is negative generator will pay. AG < SG
(This will be worked out for each time block)
Receipts = A+BC+incentive..

Payment by the beneficiaries

A. Capacity charge in proportion to the shares of the
declared availability.
B.

Energy charge for the energy scheduled

constituent.

C.

UI charges (During low frequency operation):

If UI is negative beneficiary will receive.

by the

AD < SD

If UI is positive beneficiary will pay. AD > SD

(This will be worked out for each time block )
payments=A+BC+ proportionate incentive.

Unscheduled Interchange (UI) of Power

A generator generates more than the

schedule, thereby increasing the frequency.

A generator generates less than

schedule,
thereby
decreasing
frequency.

A beneficiary overdraws power, thereby

decreasing the frequency.

A beneficiary underdraws power, thereby

increasing the frequency.

the
the

Capacity Charge and Incentive

Station

NTPC

NLC

Annual Capacity Charge

Incentive

Availabi Formula for calculation

lity

PLF

@ of Incentive

0-80%

Above
77%

50% of the fixed cost /Kwh

applicable
at
80%
availability limited to 21.5
paise / KWHr.

Above
90%

50% of the above

Above
72%

50% of the fixed cost

applicable
at
72%
availability limited to 21.5
paise / KWHr.

0-72%

AFC x Availability (%)

80%

AFC x Availability (%)

72%

UI Tariff in July 2002

560
420
280

UI Rate
(P aise /
Unit)

140

Frequency (Hz.)

50.5

50

49.5

49

48.5

UI Rate (Paise / Unit)

UI Rate

Changing UI Rates

CERC Regulation 2010

effect from 3.5.2010
Objective
The objective of these regulations is to maintain

grid discipline as envisaged under the

Grid Code through the commercial mechanism
of Unscheduled Interchange Charges by
controlling the users of the grid in scheduling,
dispatch and drawl of electricity.

SCOPE
These regulations shall be applicable to
(i) the generating stations and the beneficiaries,

and
(ii) sellers and buyers involved in the
transaction facilitated through open access or
medium term access or long-term access in
inter-State transmission of electricity.

Unscheduled Interchange (UI) Charges:

In terms of clause (1) of Regulation 5, the charges for

Unscheduled
Interchanges for all the time-blocks payable for overdrawal by the buyer or the beneficiary and underinjection by the generating station or the seller
and receivable for under-drawal by the buyer or the
beneficiary and over injection by the generating station
or the seller shall be worked out on the average
frequency of the time-block at the rates
(Each 0.02 Hz step is equivalent to 15.5 paise/kWh in
the 50.2-49.7 Hz frequency range and
47.0 Paise/kWh in the 49.7-49.50 Hz frequency range).

Methodology Of UI determination
(a) The Charge for Unscheduled Interchange shall be zero at grid
frequency of 50.2 Hz and above.
(b) The Charge for Unscheduled Interchange corresponding to grid
frequency interval of below 50.02 Hz and not below 50.0 Hz shall
be based on the median value of the average energy charge of
coal/lignite based generating stations for the six months period of
August 2009 to January 2010 and suitably adjusted upward to
decide on the UI price vector
(c) The UI Price Vector shall accordingly, be in steps for a frequency
interval of 0.02 Hz between 50.20 Hz to 50.0 Hz.
(d) The Charge for Unscheduled Interchange in grid frequency interval
of below 49.70 Hz and not below 49.68 Hz shall be such that it
provides sufficient incentive to the generating station based on coal
including imported coal to support the grid after meeting fixed and
energy charge.

(e) The UI Price Vector shall accordingly be in steps for a frequency

interval of 0.02 Hz between 50.0 Hz to 49.70 Hz.
(f) The Charge for Unscheduled Interchange at grid frequency below
49.5 Hz shall be based on the highest of the average energy charges
of generating stations for the six months period of August 2009 to
January 2010 and suitably adjusted upward to decide on the UI
price vector
(g) The UI Price Vector shall be in steps for a frequency interval of
0.02 Hz between 49.70 Hz to 49.50 Hz corresponding to the Charge
for Unscheduled Interchange in grid frequency interval of below
49.70 Hz and not below 49.68 Hz and Charge for Unscheduled
Interchange in grid frequency interval of below 49.50 Hz

7. Limits on UI volume and

consequences of crossing the
limits

(1) The over-drawal of electricity by any

beneficiary or a buyer during a time block

shall not exceed 12% of its scheduled
drawal
or 150 MW, whichever is lower, when
frequency is below 49.7 Hz
and 3% on a daily aggregate basis for all
the time blocks when the frequency is
below 49.7 Hz

Limits on UI volume and

consequences of crossing the
limits

(2) The under-injection of electricity by a generating station or a

seller during a time-block shall not exceed 12% of the scheduled
injection of such generating station or seller when frequency is
below 49.7 Hz and 3% on daily aggregate basis for all the time
blocks when the frequency is below 49.7 Hz
(3) In addition to Unscheduled Interchange Charges corresponding
to frequency of 49.5 Hz as stipulated under Regulation 5 of
these regulations, Additional Unscheduled Interchange Charge
shall be applicable for over-drawal or under-injection of
electricity for each time block when grid frequency is below 49.5
Hz at the rates specified in the schedule A

 (3a) The additional Unscheduled Interchange charge for

over-drawals
and under-injection of electricity for each time block when
grid
frequency is below 49.5 Hz shall be as specified by the
Commission as a percentage of the charges for the
Unscheduled
Interchange in grid frequency below 49.5 Hz with due
consideration to the behavior of the buyer and
beneficiaries and
sellers and the generating stations towards grid
discipline.

 (3b) The additional Unscheduled Interchange charge for

underinjection
of electricity during the time-block when grid frequency
is below 49.5 Hz, by the generating stations using coal or
lignite
or gas supplied under Administered Price Mechanism
(APM) as
the fuel shall be as specified by the Commission as a
percentage
of the Cap Rate, with due consideration to the behavior
of the
generating stations towards grid discipline.

 (4) Payment of Unscheduled Interchange

Charges under Regulation 5 and the Additional

Unscheduled Interchange Charge under
Regulation 7(3) above, shall be levied without
prejudice to any action that may be considered
appropriate under Section 142 of the Act for
contravention of the limits of over-drawal or
under generation
as specified in these regulations, for each time
block when frequency is below 49.7 Hz.

 The charges for over-drawal / under-

injection and underdrawal/ over-injection

of electricity shall be computed by the
secretariat of the respective Regional
Power Committee in accordance with the
methodology used for preparation of
Regional Energy Accounts.

 The Regional Load Despatch Centre shall prepare and

publish on
its website the records, on monthly basis, of the UI
Accounts,
specifying the quantum of over-drawal/under-generation
and
corresponding amount of UI charges paid for each
beneficiary or
buyer and received for each generating station or seller
for the
time-blocks when grid frequency was below 49.5 Hz and
between 49.7-49.5 Hz separately.

9. Unscheduled Interchange
Charges Accounting

(1) A statement of Unscheduled Interchange charges including

Additional Unscheduled Interchange charges levied under these
regulations shall be prepared by the Secretariate of the respective
Regional Power Committee on weekly basis based on the data
provided by the concerned RLDC and shall be issued to all constituents
by Tuesday, for seven day period ending on the penultimate Sunday
mid-night.
(2) All payments on account of Unscheduled Interchange charges
including Additional Unscheduled Interchange charges levied under
these regulations and interest, if any, received for late payment
shall be credited to the funds called the Regional Unscheduled
Interchange Pool Account Fund, which shall be maintained and
operated by the concerned Regional Load Despatch Centres in each
region in accordance with provisions of these regulations

 Any additional UI charge collected from

a regional
entity shall be retained in the Regional
Unscheduled
Interchange Pool Account Fund of the
concerned region where
the regional entity is located.

Schedule of Payment of Unscheduled Interchange Charges

and Payment Security

(1) The payment of UI charges shall have a

high priority and the concerned constituent shall

pay the indicated amounts within 10 (ten) days
of the issue of statement of Unscheduled
Interchange charges including Additional
Unscheduled Interchange charges by
the Secretariate of the respective Regional
Power Committee into the Regional
Unscheduled Interchange Pool Account Fund
of the concerned region.

 (2) If payments against the Unscheduled

Interchange charges
including Additional Unscheduled Interchange
charges are delayed by more than two days,
i.e., beyond twelve (12) days from the date of
issue of the statement by the Secratriate of the
respective Regional Power Committee, the
defaulting constituent shall have to pay simple
interest @ 0.04% for each day of delay

 All regional entities which had at any time during the previous
financial year failed to make payment of Unscheduled

Interchange charges including Additional Unscheduled

Interchange charges within the time specified in these
regulations shall be required to open a Letter of Credit (LC)
equal to 110% of its average payable weekly UI liability in the
previous financial year, in favour of the concerned RLDC within
a fortnight from the date these Regulations come into force.
Provided that if any regional entity fails to make payment of
Unscheduled Interchange Charges including Additional
Unscheduled Interchange Charges by the time specified in
these regulations during the current financial year, it shall be
required
to open a Letter of Credit equal to 110% of weekly outstanding
liability in favour of respective Regional Load Despatch Centre
within a fortnight from the due date of payment.

 Illustration: If the average payable weekly UI liability of a

regional entity during 2009-10 is Rs. 20 crore, the regionalentity

shall open LC for 22 crore in 2010-11. If the weekly

payable liability during any week in 2010-11 is Rs. 35 crore
which is more than 50% of the previous financial years average
payable weekly liability, the concerned regional entity shall
increase the LC amount to Rs. 35 Crore by adding Rs. 13
Crore.
(5) In case of failure to pay into the UI Pool Account Fund
within
the specified time of 12 days from the date of issue of statement
of UI charges, the RLDC shall be entitled to encash the LC of
the
concerned constituent to the extent of the default and the
concerned constituent shall recoup the LC amount within 3 days

UI

SCHEDULE A Unscheduled Interchange (UI) Charges

Avg Freq of time block (HZ)
Below

Not below

U I Rate
(paise/kwh

Experience with Unscheduled Interchanges

T
W
O

Case-I

LOW FREQUENCY OVER DRAWL

This is serious situation as U.I. Rates are very high, and

constituent is at default.
Action required.

U
I

Increase own generation to max. possible extent

Carry out Load Shedding

Increase CS schedule to full entitlement

S
C
E
N
A
R
I
O

Try support from another system (purchase)

Case-II HIGH FREQUENCY UNDER DRAWL
U.I. Rates are low and constituent is loosing
Action required.

Withdraw Load Shedding if any

Reduce own generation to possible extent

Try for bilateral sale of power

Reduce CS schedule to keep UI minimum

Changes in Tariff to incentivise Generating Stations

Pre ABT System
1)The Annual fixed
charges (AFC) include
Interest on loan
Depreciation
O&M expenses
Return on equity
Income tax
Interest on working Capital
2) AFC at (1) above to
be recovered at 68.49% PLF

(Contd)

ABT System
Fixed charges

No Change

2) FC including ROE
recovered in full at
80% availability. At
lower availability
Pro-rata Annual
fixed charges.

What we achieved through ABT

RESULTS IN WESTERN REGION
Year

Discipline

%age time for

FVI
frequency in
49-50.5Hz band

100%
90%

14
11.91

11.93
12

80%
70%

10

FVI

2001-02

61%

11.91

2002-03

%
ageTim
e

60%

64.6%

11.93

50%

94.90%

94.9%

1.86

2004-05

98.0%

1.38

40%
30%

61%

64.60%

20%

2003-04

98.00%

1.86

1.38

%age Time Normal

Freq.

10%
0%
2001-02

2002-03

Year

2
0

2003-04

2004-05

FVI

a Operational

Scheduling
Scheduling starts one day in advance.
Each day will be divided into 96 time blocks of 15 minutes

each and schedule will be for each time block..

Generator will declare the availability of generation

to

RLDC (sent out capability (SOC) ).

Based

on availability, RLDC
entitlements to beneficiaries.

communicates

the

Within the entitlements indicated by RLDC beneficiaries

will give their requisition to RLDC.

Schedule
RLDC will intimate unscheduled capacity if any to the

constituents.
Constituents can trade bilaterally and intimate to RLDC.
Consolidating the requisitions of the beneficiaries RLDC
will prepare ex-bus Scheduled Generation (SG )to the
Generator and Scheduled Drawls (SD) at the point of
delivery of the constituents and communicate.
Actual generation (AG), Actual Drawls (AD) by the
beneficiaries and average frequency for each time block
will be measured for all the time blocks.
SG, AG, SD and AD in MWH at ex-bus from the generating
stations and at point of delivery of constituents.

Features of the Special Energy Meters (SEM)

SEM can record
15 minutes average frequency in between 49.00 to 51.00Hz
15 minutes average net energy transmitted.
Cumulative net energy transmitted.
Net Rkvah transmitted below 97% rated voltage.
Net Rkvah transmitted above 103% rated voltage.
Meter has a non- volatile memory and can automatically
store average frequency, net energy transmitted in 15
minutes time block cumulative energy and cumulative
Rkvah at each midnight.
The above data can be stored only for 10 days.

Procedure for collecting the data

from SEM.

Data can be collected with the help of

Portable/hand-held data collection devices

(DCD).
Data has to be collected once in a week as it
is capable of storing the data only for 10 days.
The data so collected is downloaded into
computers and final UI is be calculated.

Billing and Payment of UI

UI charges inherent part of Tariff not a penalty.
UI charge is proposed to be settled through regular

adjustments on weekly basis from Control room

readings.
At the end of the week, balance position of UI
distribution to be finalised by REB.
The net UI charges after the regular adjustments
should be distributed, billed and paid at the end of
each week
CTU will work out the accounting system in
consultation with all beneficiaries and become
operational in next 3 months.

CERC Opines
UI charge is not in the nature of penalty

but is a part of tariff

To link

up overdrawals and under

drawals on a regular basis

Composite scheme to be evolved to fix

up balance part and distribute UI

Net UI charges to be billed weekly after

adjustments

Pros & Cons of ABT

Potential Benefits

Impacts

Variable costs paid in

Southern Region is

relation to Energy drawn

can be traded
Every State is free to
dispose of the whole or
part of allocated share to
others
Allocation are based on
availability
There is a mechanism
for incentives and
disincentives
With expansions of
transmission networks
opportunities for trading
increase

included as the first to

implement ABT. Now
decided to be from 1-12003
There is dearth of

Gen.capacity for
frequency correction in
S.R.
The system is operating

at 48.4 Hz for 90% of the

time where as at 49.02
Hz and below 414 to 420
(Contd..)
ps per unit is to be paid

Pros & Cons of ABT (Contd)

Potential Benefits

Impacts

States can operate their

Possibilities of a

Gen.Stns. on commercial lines

by buying or backing down as
per merit order dispatch

beneficiary by
manipulation of
Generation and drawals
to get maximum benefit
in terms of UI

Facilitates

- grid discipline
- trading in capacity and
generation
- merit order dispatch
At present applicable to

NTPC & NLC in future IPPs

and Atomic stations may also
be included

Pricing for Reactive Power

CTU Proposals
All reactive power exchanges to be compensated to avoid ISTS
lines carrying reactive power.
Every Beneficiary
Pays for VAR drawal when voltage at the metering point is below
97%.
Gets paid for VAR return when voltage is below 97%.
Gets paid for VAR drawal when voltage is above 103%.
Pays for VAR return when voltage is above 103%.
Need not pay for drawal of reactive power at the Generating
Station
Charge of 4 paise per KVARh was proposed
Generator will not be compensated for reactive power generated.

IEGC Stipulates
Rate of 4 paise per KVARh is included in

IEGC.
Subsequently it is mentioned that a nominal

rate to be reviewed from time to time will be

notified by CERC.
No compensation for reactive power drawal at

Generating Stations.

What is done with the amounts

collected
?

Amounts collected are proposed to be

utilised

for

further

system

improvement.

Such investments on improvements

are to be approved by SREB

Indications
CTU has indicated that this scheme will come into
force along with ABT.

Conclusions
Power

system

operation

has

assumed

commercial significance
Technical

considerations

like

availability,

demand, Transmission constraints, also to be

weighed against economic background.
Continuous monitoring and decision making at

highest level imperative.

Higher

degree of concentration on GRID

OPERATION.

FOUR SCENARIOS
FREQUENCY IS GOOD OR HIGH, AND THE STATE IS
OVERDRAWING

A.

- No problem, and no action required

For enhanced optimisation, however to the extent possible

i.

ii.

iii.

Reduce own generation to the extent possible and

increase overdrawal so long as frequency is above
about 49.8 Hz.
Restore consumer load that had been shed, provided
tariff / realisation rate is higher than current UI Rate
(This also increases overdrawal)
Increase CGS requisition, if some part of the
entitlements had not been requisitioned earlier,
provided the frequency is (and is likely to remain)
below about 50.2 Hz. (This would increase the drawal
schedule and thereby reduce overdrawal)
(Contd.)

FOUR SCENARIOS (Contd.)

FREQUENCY IS GOOD OR HIGH, AND THE STATE IS
UNDER-DRAWING : Action required

B.
i.

ii.

iii.

Reduce own generation to the extent possible, if

the frequency is above about 49.8 Hz. (This would
reduce under-drawal)
Restore consumer load that had been shed, and
reduce under-drawal
Reduce CGS requisition, provided the previous two
actions have been taken and the frequency
continues to be above 50.2 50.3 Hz. If frequency
is likely to remain above 50.2 Hz., bilateral sale to a
needy neighbour can be tried
(Contd.)

FOUR SCENARIOS (Contd.)

FREQUENCY IS LOW, AND THE
OVERDRAWING : ACTION REQUIRED

C.

STATE

IS

i.

Increase own generation to the maximum possible

extent

ii.

Curtail consumer load, load shedding to be graded

balancing between UI price and consumer category

iii.

Increase CGS requisition to full entitlement (if not

requisitioned fully earlier), and arrange for bilateral
purchase from another SEB / CGS
(Contd.)

FOUR SCENARIOS (Contd.)

D.

FREQUENCY IS LOW, AND THE STATE IS UNDERDRAWING : NO ACTION REQUIRED; FOLLOWING CAN
BE DONE FOR ENHANCED OPTIMISATION.
i.
Increase own generation to the extent possible,
provided the frequency is below about 49.5 Hz.
(comparing variable cost with current UI price)
ii.
Curtail consumer load, by shedding low priority load
(provided UI earning for the SEB justifies such load
shedding). This is totally optional, and helps the grid.
iii.
Increase CGS requisition to full entitlement (if not
requisitioned fully earlier), and earn UI or sell the
surplus through a bilateral agreement
ACTION DEPENDS ON PREVAILING FREQUENCY, AND IS
INDEPENDENT OF WHETHER OVER-DRAWING OR UNDERDRAWING. IT FOLLOWS THAT ONLINE MEASUREMENT AND
DISPLAY OF CORRECT NET DRAWAL IS NOT ALL THAT CRITICAL.

MANAGEMENT OF DRAWALS
CURTAILMENT OF DRAWAL BY SEB
a)

If UI rate is higher than the highest energy rate

of the stations scheduled, then curtail drawal by
maximising cheaper generation

b)

If UI rate is higher than consumer load net

recovery rate then curtail drawal by load
shedding

ABT Mechanism
Availability Based Tariff (ABT) mechanism

concerns itself with the tariff structure for bulk

power
It is aimed at bringing about more responsibility
and accountability in power generation and
consumption through a scheme of incentives
and disincentives
The frequency linked pricing mechanism act as
the real time balancing market

ABT Mechanism
The ABT mechanism was applicable to

State utilities
ISGS

The mechanism was designed

essentially for balancing Inter-State

transactions

Balancing Mechanism
The nature of electricity would make the

demand and supply to match second to

second
This requires the utilities to match their
schedule with their actual drawal
The deviations are to be purchased/sold
in the real time market at the prevailing
price

Requirement
The main requirement for efficiency

operation of Intra State ABT

Load Forecasting for each block period

Creation of MW schedule
Real time monitoring mechanism for
drawal by the schedulers
Proper pricing scheme for incentive/
disincentive for the generators and the
consumers (Disco or OA customer)

Load Forecasting
Each discoms must forecast their demand for

every block period in order to schedule the

generation
In the absence of reliable load forecasting, the
discom may have to pay penalty for over/under
drawing
This is a critical factor for intra-state ABT unlike
the inter-state ABT wherein the State would
have to schedule around 30% to 40% of their
requirement from ISGS

Schedules
Based on the load forecast, the discom

must prepare the merit order schedule

and submit their requirement to the SLDC
for day ahead
The SLDC to formulate the schedule into
State wide schedule including the
requirement of ISGS
The SLDC must also factor the
transmission losses when creating the
State wide schedule

Monitoring
The discom must monitor their drawal

against schedule in the real time in order

maximize their earning
Only available option for the discom is to
reduce their demand by load shedding
as no generation is available with them
to vary to match their drawal with the
schedule

Pricing Mechanism
The UI must be charged appropriately
It is ideal to follow the same UI

mechanism as available in inter-state

transaction
Any variation with the inter-state
mechanism would result in over/under
payment by the players

Applicability of Intra-State ABT

State owned /State generating company

stations of above 10MW

All IPPs/any other generating stations
above 10MW which are contracted to
supply power to SEB/STU/State
Govt./Discoms
All Discoms and other entities
Distribution licensees who are supplied
power from identified generating stations
as per allocation

UI (Not full ABT)

All entities availing Open Access
Entities availing wheeling of captive generation
All generating stations below 10MW which are

connected to State/Discom grid including nonconventional

Merchant power plants, pumped storage plants
All entities/consumers with captive/cogeneration with a possibility of feeding power
back to the grid
Licensees with own generation-BSES, AEC,
CESC..

ABT Not applicable

ABT is not applicable to Hydro units

The variable charge of Hydro units is much

less than the minimum UI price which
entitles the hydro to generate even when
the frequency is high
The Hydro is scheduled based on the
water availability over a period of
time(water year) which is a critical factor
for storage based generations

Discussion

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You