Mach ding ho s6 ding 74,90 TRAN MINH TUAN BO CONG THUONG TRUONG CAO DANG CONG NGHIEP TUY HOA KHOA DIEN - DIEN TU’ ft DO AN MON HOC 2 MACH DONG HO SO DUNG IC74L890. HO KIM DAN. TRAN MINH TUAN. Cb - DT30 Dién - Dign Tir ‘Tuy Hoa,thang 10/2009TRUONG CD CN TUY HOA CONG HOA XA HOI CHU NGHIA VIET NAM ~ DIEN TU’ Déc lap - Ty do- Hanh phic PHIEU GIAO NHIEM VU DO AN MON HQC I inh vien: Mi sinh vien: N@i dung chinh dé tai: 1 2 3 4 ‘Thdi gian hoan think: Duyét ea b mon: TP. Tuy Hoa, ngay — thdng nam 2009 Gio vién huémg dan: (ky va ghi 13 ho tén)LOI GIGI THIEU Ngay nay, voi swe phat wrién khong ngimg ctia khoa hoc ky thudt, viée ing dung céc linh kién ban dan da phan néo giim bit duge gid thanh san pham bang cde linh kign roi. Ung dung mén kY thudit s6 vio thiet ke etic bo phén thiét tec héng ngay giip ching ta hiéu duoc mon ky thudt sé ldm gi va duge ting dung vaio dai Déng ho la mét thiét bi rdt can thiét ma hau nhu bat ce ai cing phai ding ti nb. Mét chiée déng hé co, xem gid bang cach nhin vao kim chi 6 vach chia thoi gian sé gay kho khiin cho nguéi méi bait du sic dung. Nhung, doi voi ding ho 86, thei gian diege hién thi r3 rang bing cdc chit s6 sé dé dang ste dung hon. faa Boi vay, sau day em xin thiét ké mot mach IC74LS90_IC rat thong dung trong kD thudt s Trong dé tai ciing con nhiéu thiéu 861 ré 6 va ede ban dé durge hoan thign hon |. ing hi 36 ding mong swe gdp ¥ ctia qui thay Negudt thee hign: TRAN MINH TUAN- : NHAN XET CUA GIAO VIEN HUONG DANMach ding ho s6 ding 74,90 TRAN MINH TUAN Chncong I: CO SO LY THUYET LIEN QUAN 1. Flip Flop: 1.1 Khai nigm: Flip Flop duge cau tao tir cée céng logic, cé thé néi FF 1a t6 hop cae céng logic hoat dng theo mét quy luat dinh truée. FF bao gm: - Chan nhan xung dong hé, xung nhip, xung clock (Ck). - Hai ngé ra dir ligu (data) li Q va Q. ~ C6 1 hoae 2 ngd chite ning quy dinh hoat dong ctia FF: S, R, D, J, K. - Ngoai ra FF con e¢ hai chan: Clr (clear) va chan Pre ( Preset). Khi tic dng vio chin Clr sé xod FF lam Q= 0, @ = 1. Khi téc dong vio chin Pre sé dat FF lim Q= 1, 0 =0. 1.2 Hoat déng cia FF: so cr qe UK- FE Khi nhan mot xong clock tai chin Ck, FF s& thay di trang thai mot lan, Trang thai méi sé ty thudée vao mire logicctia cae chan chire ning, va tuy thude theo bang sy that ctia mdi loai FF. 1.3 Phin loai FF: Theo chitc nang: c6 4 logi: SK- FF, D- FF, T- FF, JK- FF. Theo trang thai téc déng cita xung clock: ¢6 5 loai: - FF tac dong mite 0. - FF tac dong mite | - FF tac dong canh len. = FF tac dng canh xudng. = FF tac dong cht - to.hag eh cba TRAN MINH TUA TI. Hg chuyén maz 2.1 Sé BCD: ( Binary Code Decimal). : Duge tao nén khi ta ma hod mdi decac ciia mot sé thap phan dudi dang mt s6 ni phan 4 bit. 18 —*®5 0001 1000, ‘| * Lamu ¥: ede phép cng va tr sé BCD duge thye hign,giéng nhw s6 ni phan, Tuy nhién néu phép tinh e6 nhé thi sau khi duge két qua ta phai higu dinh bang céch trir cho 10(D) hay céng 6(D). Thong thirsng sau mdi Ignh cOng hode trir sé BCD ta kém theo lénh higu din. 2.2 Hé chuyén tir ma nhi phan sang mi BCD: * Bang sy that hi phan BCD x4|x3|x2| x1] 5 | v4] v3] v2] yI o jo jo Jo Jo Jo Jo jo jo o jo jo |1 Jo Jo Jo jo fa o jo |1 Jo Jo Jo Jo |i Jo o jo ji ja fo Jo Jo ja fa 1 |o Jo |1 Jo Ja Jo jo fa 1 jo |1 Jo |1 Jo Jo Jo Jo 1 fo |i fa {i Jo fo jo fa 1 {1 Jo Jo {1 Jo Jo Ja Jo 1 {1 fo Ja {i Jo fo ja fa 1 |i fa fo fi fo fa Jo Jo afi fafa fa fo fa jo fa‘ip phan thinh nhj phan: IIT, Hg ma hod va giai ma: (LSB) (MSB) Dic |BUA 9 0 0 0 * Bang sy thatMach dong ho sé ding 741890 TRAN MINH TUAN * Phuong trinh logic: 849 C=4454647 B=2+3+6+7 1+3+5+7+9 * So dd mach logic: L2s4ase7se p> =] > B > » 3.2. Hi gidi ma: Xay dumg hé gidi ma cho led 7 dogn anode chung. Peeea b ¢— Giai c mi é B led < i 7 doan, t ewl-|- cle|ele|eo|-|e|o|x|x/x|x|x\|x + lel- = Hlelele/-|ele|x|x/x| x] «|x gleleleiel-i-[-lel-[e|-|x|x| x] «|| x Fle lel-|ele|-|o|e|-|o|-|x|x|x| «|x| x é 7 wlelelalelelelelelelo| x] x] x] |x| x = elelelelele|-|-|elele|x/x|x|x|xK|x« z = ale|- cle/-lels/elele x|x x|x|Kl x - & = ic 7 Se ee | et cc g|slele|-|-lele|-|-/ele|-/-/ele/-|-] gift fg 2 Hols os Flv lelelelel-/a/a/-/elelelef-|-|-|-| 229 9$ & ZS S55 = elele clelelei cleol-|-|-/-|-|-|/-/-| #8! 5 & 0 2 5 a a =Hé dém néi tiép: xung dém chi dura vao mot EF. He dém song song: xung dém duge dua vio tat ea ede phi ti dém, thinh lap mot hg dém ta sir dung JK- FF. Néu c6 nFF thi thanh lap duge hé dém cd dung hrgng ti da la 2”. VD: 2FF thanh lp hé dém 4. 3FF thanh lip hé dém 8. * Xét hé dém ndi tiép 3bit: Qi a Q3 1 1 1 cx 4.2 He dém bit ky: Goi: N la sé trang thai cua 1 hé dém bat ky nla s6 bit dém. Tacé:; 2°' sir dung 3FF. aMach dong ho sé ding 741890 TRAN MINH TUAN * Bang trang thai: $6} 2/2) 2 o}olojo 1fo}ol1 2}o\1/\0 3foli|i 4}1}o 0 5litol! Xo bit nhé- ve 000 ri ilo 4.3 Ghép cde hé dm: Néu c6 hai hé dém N & M, ta cé thé ghép néi tiép thanh hé dém cd. hung lung N*M thang thai. * Nguyén tic ghép: - D&t xung clock vao bé dém M. - Lay tin higu tir bit c6 trong s6 cao nhat cia bo dém Mlim xung clock cho b6 dém N. . VD: Hé dém 10 ghép véi hé dém 6 thinh hg dém 60, MSR LSB 4 Ay dy A cx | BRA, bém 10 LEE | bims cKMach dong ho sé ding 741890 TRAN MINH TUAN Chuong II: THIET KE SO DO MACH I. So dé khi Khéi tao xung Khéi Khéi gidi ma Khéi hién thi Khdi tao ‘Mach dém Mach giai xung ding gidy ding ‘ma BCD C555. ICT4LS90 ding IC7ALS47 Mach dém Mach gia Hs phit ding ‘ma BCD ‘hited ICTALS90 ding, 7 doan ICTALS47 ‘Mach dém Mach giai sig ding ma BCD ICT4L890 ding ICT4LS47 * Nhigm vu eae khdi: He Khoi tao xung: tao xung vudng véi tin s6 1Hz Khéi dém: la cdc FF nhan xung dao déng dé xt ly dua ra tin higu ma hoa BCD. Khdi gidi ma: gidi ma BCD dé dua ra khéi hién thi. Khéi hién thi: hién thi tin higu sau gidi ma. II. Khéi tgo xung ding IC NESSS: : BO tao xung 14 thanh phan quan trong nhit ciia hé théng. Dae bigt 1a déi véi b6 dém, né quyét dinh cdc trang thai ng6 ra cita bé dém. Cé rit nhiéu mach ding tao dao déng, nhung do si théng dung ta chi quan tim dén mach tao dao dong ding IC 555. a Day la vi mach dinh théi chuyén diing, 6 thé mic thinh mach don én hay phi 6n.‘Mach dong ho s6 ding 74LS90. TRAN MINH TUAN 2.1 IC NESSS: 2.1.1 Dai cuong: Vi mach dinh thi LMSS5 la mach tich hop Analog- digital. Do ng6 vio 14 tin higu twong ty va ng6 ra 1 tin higu sé. Vi mach dinh thoi LMS5S5 duge tg dung rat rong rai trong thyc té, dac biét trong Tinh vue digu khién, vi néu két hgp véi cic linh kign R, C thi nd 6 thé thyc hién nhigu chtre ning nhu: dinh thdi, tao xung chuan, tao tin hiéu kich, hay diéu khién cac linh kién ban dan céng sudt nhu: Transistor, SCR, Triac.. 2.1.2 Hinh dang va so dé chin: oondl _ oor Woke ina Pie row 5 ise Chan 1: Néi mass. Chan 2: Trigger Input ( ngo vio xung nay). Chan 3: Output (ngé ra) Chan 4: Reset (dat lai). Chan 5: Control Voltage (dién ap digu khién). Chan 6: Threshold (thém- ngudng). Chan 7: Discharge ( xa dign). Chan 8: Noi Vee. 2.1.3 So dé cu tric bén trong: Yeo DISCHNROE Le oureur GROWN ESETMach ding ho s6 ding 74,90 TRAN MINH TUAN * Nguyén ly hoat déng: Bén trong vi mach IC555 6 hon 20 transistor va nhiéu dign tr, thu hign ede chite nang sau: - Cau phan dp gdm 3 dién tro R, = R, = R, =5kQ ndi tir Vee xudng mass, cho ra hai mite dign ap chuan 1/3Vce va 2/3Vec. ~ So sinh COMPI: li mach khuéch dai so sanh e6 ¥; =1/3Vce néi ra chan 6, ¥; néi qua chan 2. Tuy thude vio dign ap chin 2 so vai dign Ap chudn 1/3Vce ma so sinh 1 c6 dign ép mite cao hay mite thip 4é tin higu S diéu khién Flip Flop( FF ) hoat dong. - So sinh COMP2: la mach khuéch dai so sinh c6 1; ndi ra chan 6, 3¥ee. Tuy thude vao dign ép chin 6 so véi dign ap chudn 2/3Vee ma so sinh 2 cho ra mirc dién dp cao hay thap dé tin higu R digu khién FF hoat déng. - Mach FF la loai mach ludng én kich mét bén khi chan $ cd dign ap cao thi dign dp nay sé kich d6i trang thai FF kim ngo ra Q Ién mite cao, @ = 0. Khi $ dang 6 mite cao xuéng mite thap thi FF khéng di trang thai. o Khi: S=15Q=130 S=1 > 0 = FF khéng déi trang thai, - KhiR c6 dign dp cao thi dign Ap nay sé kich d6i trang thai FF lam Q = 1, Q = 0. Khi R dang 6 mite cao xuéng mirc thdp thi R khéng déi trang thai, ~ Mach khuéch dai dao nhiim khuéch dai dong dién cung edp cho tai, ¢6 ngO vo i @ cla FF, nén khi @ & mite cao thi ngO ra chan 3 ¢6 dign Ap thap =OV va nguge lai Transistor T la transistor c6 cwe C dé hd, néi ra chin 7. Do eye B duge phan eye béi mite dign ap raQ ciia FF, nén khi Q & mite cao thi T; bao hoa va cue C ciia T> coi nhur néi mass. Lic d6, ng6 ra chan 3 cing & mite thép Khi 0 6 mite thip thi T: ngung din , cue C ca Ts dé ho, hic d6, ngd ra & chain 3 e6 mite dign ap cao. Theo nguyén ly trén, eye C eta Ts ra chan 7 66 thé Kim ng ra phu thuge c6 mite din ap giéng nhu mite dign Ap cia ngd ra chan 4.Mach ding hé sé ding 746890 _TRAN MINH TUAN 2.2 Mach tao xung: 2.2.1 So do mach: 2.2.2 Nguyén ly hoat dong: : Si cip nguén Vee, tu bit diu nap tir OV lén: y, >R=0 =S$=1 : led sing, ) 0 lam Q, tat, ty C tiép tuc duoc nap dién, tu ap dign qua &, va R, véi hing s6 thoi gian la: Toop = (R+R,).C Khi dign Ap Ve ting > 1/3Vec, thi: OP_AMP | cé: /, R= OP_AMP 26: ¥,; S=0 =Q=1 led sing, FF khdng thay ddi trang thai, Khi dign ap trén Ve ting > 2/3Vee, thi OP_AMP |e =Q=0,0 Do @ = 1 nén Q, din bao hoa lim chin 7 = OV, kim ty C khong duge nap ma xd dign qua &,, qua tiép gidp CE eta Q, va xubng mass,Mach ding ho s6 ding 74,90 TRAN MINH TUAN Ty xa voi hing s6 thoi gian la Txa= RC Khi Ve < 2/3Vce: R = 0, S = 0 : gidt nguyén trang thai, Khi Ve < 1/3Vee: R= 0,S= 1: => Q=1, O=0 4, =1 : led sing Khi O=0, ©, tit, chdm dit thdi gian xa dién cua tu C. Nhu vay, mach tro Igi trang thai ban dau va tu Igi nap dign tro Iai. Hign trong nay dign ra lign tue va tuan hoan. IIT. Khéi dém: 3.1 IC 74890: 3.1.1 Hinh dang: Bon chan thiét lap: 8,(1), 8,(2), R, (1), R, (2). Khi dat 2,(1) = 22) = H (6 mite cao) thi bé dém duge xoa vé 0 va cde dau ra 6 mite # R,(1), R,(2) la chin thiét lip trang thai cao cia dau ra: Q,=9, =1, ~ BO chia 2 do Input A diéu khién dau ra Q,. - B6 chia 5 do Input B diéu khién dau ra Q,, Q., Q)- Dau vao A, B tich eye 6 suén am. : é to thinh b6 dém 10 ta néi dau ra Q, vao chan B dé tao xung kich cho b6 dém 5. : Q,, Op, Qos Q, la cde dau ra3.1.2 So dé logic va bang trang thai: uy i ® ® Jo «PIN NUMBERS Vec= PINS GND= PIN 10 Hinh: So dé cdng logic IC7490 Chin xd ip trang thi aura Ra(l)| Ri) | Roll) | Re) | Qo | Qe | Q | rita |o wa D Fe ele lo Oo F 4 Rie PTT id wee 1 xJo]x]o em oO; x}o}x én 11h |e | o den Ko | o | dé Hinh: Bang trang thai ctia IC 7490.Hinh: So dé dau ra Q,, Qy, Qc+ Qn» Vi dy: gidi ma 4 dudng sang 10 duéng, gidi ma BCD sang thap phan... ICT4LS47 la loai IC gidi ma BCD sang led 7 doan. Mach gidi ma BCD sang led 7 dogn 1a mach gidi ma phite tap vi mach phai cho nhiéu ngo ra Ién cao hoje xudng thap (tuy vao loai dén led la anod chung hay catod chung) dé lim cdc dén can thiét sing nén cac s6 hoic ky tu. IC 74LS847 la loai IC tac déng 6 mic thap cé ng6 ra cyc thu dé hé va kha nding nhan dong dii cao dé thiic true tiép cde dén led 7 doan loai anod chung. 4.1.2 Hinh dang va so d6 chin: Outputs to 7 segnemt LED display Yoo FG. Bc pF 74LS74 BC UT BYRRI DA GND Inputs TnputsMach dong ho sé ding 741890 TRAN MINH TUAN Chan 1; BCD B Input. Chan 9: 7-Segment e Output. Chan 2: BCD C Input. Chan 10: 7-Segment d Output. Chan 3: Lamp Test. Chan 11: 7-Segment ¢ Output, Chan 4: RB Output. Chan 12: 7-Segment b Output. Chan 5: RB Input. Chan 13: 7-Segment f Output. Chan 6: BCD D Input. Chan 14: 7-Segment g Output. Chan 7: BCD A Input Chan 15: 7-Segment a Output. Chan 8: GND. Chan 16: Vee. 4.1.3 So dé logic va bang trang thai: ‘ouTPUT a INPUT (7) A INPUT 1) ‘ourPuT 8 b peur 2) ‘ourpuT e ¢ INPUT (6) D ‘output 4 BIREO BLANKING 4 ourPuT inputor 4) e IPPLE-BLANKING ‘OUTPUT ‘ourPUT eae t it Lawp-test © INPUT eT a ‘ourPuT RIPPLE-BLANKING 8 INPUTFUNCTION TABLE he UTS: cot OUTPUTS TF peo ™ Titelee[t[s TPHPH]L UL ty ® [OO] mY] On| Ov] WW | OF tye fax]e ec cow) & for} on] on | om | of | oF | oF afata}cou dt) 4 for} or] oF| on | ov | oF | ov atatx te eww) a | om] ov] ow | on | of | oF | 4 yH PX TE RH LL] HW | OF] ON | ON | OF | OFF | ON | OW sfata]c wc) a for} or] | on | oF] ow | ov G6] HT RTL H WHOL] WH LOR] OF) ON) OW} ON) ON] Ow That tee ww) a | om ov] om | om | oF | | oF t[e pape tty # [oy ory wy] of ory | ov oye fafa cc ew for} or| | oF | oF] on | ov wy efx da cw tf [orl or] oF] on | ov | oF] on ft |] HTX {RH LH HH] A | OF] OF! ON | | OF | OF | wye {Xx fe HLL) # | OF] [oF] OF] OF] Or] OW aye fx daw cow] | vor] oF) on | or | |] on wy efx few wt] ow [orl or] oF) on | on | ov] on 6 LH] Xie we WL [orl or | oF | oF| oF | om | oF BX |X |x eX] _|OF| OF OF OF | OF | OF | OF mtu} ote ck Lf] for] or] or | oF | oF | oF | oF my ep xix x xX x} WH |] | OO] Heth tot it Hinh: Bang trang thdi IC gidi ma 74LS47 * Nguyén ly hoat dong: : IC 74LS47 la IC tae dong mite thip nén cde ngd ra mite 1 la tit, mite 0 1a sang, tuong img véi cae thanh a, b, ¢, d, e, f, g ctia led 7 dogn logi anode chung, trang thai ngd ra cling tong img véi cdc sé thap phan (cdc sé tir 10 dén 15 khdng duge ding 16i Ng® vio xoa BI duge dé khéng hay néi lén mite 1 cho hogt ding giai ma binh thirdmg, Néu ndi Ién mite 0 thi cde ngd ra déu tat bat chap trang thai ngo ra. Ng6 vao RBI due dé khéng hay ndi lén mite | ding dé xoa sé 0 (s6 0 thira phia sau s6 thép phan hay s6 0 true s6 c6 nghia). Khi RBI va céc ngd vao D, C, B, A & mite 0 nhung ngé vao LT 6 mite | thi cde ngé ra déu tat va ng6 vio xoa dgn séng RBO xuéng mite thép. 20hag us han TRAN MINH TUA Khi ngd vao BI/RBO néi lén mite 1 va LT 6 mic 0 thi ng6 ra déu sing ; : Két qua 1 khi ma sé nhj phan 4 bit vio cé gi tri thip phan tir 0 dén 15 dén led hién thi lén cae s6 nhu é hinh bén duéi. Chi ¥ 1a khi ma s6 nbj phan vao li 1111= 15,9 thi dén led tit V. Kh6i hién thi: : Hién thi ding led 7 doan loai anode chung do diu ra cia IC 7447 c6 mite tich cue 1a mite 0 ( mite thip). G logi anode chung ( anode cia dén duge néi lén +5V, doan ndo sing ta ndi dau cathode tia doan dé xuéng mise thap théng qua dién tro dé han dong. 7543 = — Th Chan 3, 8: Vee_duge noi lai veri nhau. 21Mach ding hé sé ding 746890 _TRAN MINH TUAN VI. Mach dong hé sé: 6.1 So-d6 nguyén ly: 2Mach ding ho s6 ding 74,90 TRAN MINH TUAN 6.2 Neuyén ly hoat déng: Xung kich duge tao ra tir mach 555 va xung nay duge dua t6i chdn 14 cua IC 74L890, Ngo ra xung ciia 7490 6 cdc chin Q,, Q,, Qc, Q, duge dua dén ngd vao ciia IC giai ma 74L847. i vai hai IC dém gidy (ICI va IC2): xung duge cp cho ICI, ICL nay dém gia trj ctia 9 xung ( led hién thj s6 9), sau khi dém hét gid tri cia 9 xung thi cap cho IC 2 mét xung dém. KI ICI dém vé 0 va IC2 dém 1, tite ta 66 gid tri 14 10. Sau d6 ICI tigp tue dém tir 0 dé tiép tue xung cho IC2 tng lén 2, 3,... Khi IC] dém dém 9 va IC2 dém dén 5 chuyén sang 6 ta ding IC 7408 dé reset ca hai IC tro vé 0. Lic nay, chén reset sé ing trang thai véi dau ra cong AND ding dé reset( mite 1), dau ra nay duge ndi voi chan CPO cia IC dém phat, mot xung duge kich va duge dém len mot don vi. Di véi IC dém phi (IC3 va 1C4): Khi IC3 nahin duoe xung n6 Iai dm nh IC dém i iy xung tir IC dm gidy nén khi mach dém gidy dém dén 59 thi m phat méi nhan Khi ca IC dém gidy va dém phat déu dém dén gid tri 59 thi tt ca 4 IC cing duge reset vé 0, déng thoi mach phut cap cho ICS ctia IC dém gio mot xung. 6i voi IC dém gid (ICS va 1C6): Khi ICS nh§n duge mot xung thi nd cing bat dau dém lén. Khi ICS dén 9 thi cap xung cho IC6 dém, khi hai IC dém gi dém dén 23 va tai thai diém sang 24 la hic ca hai IC durge reset. Vi s6 nhi phin tuong img cia 2 1 Q3Q2Q1Q0 = 0010, ciia 4 1a Q3Q2Q1Q0 0100 nén ngd ra QI ciia IC dém gid ( dém hang chye) va ngd ra Q2 cua IC dém gid (dém hang don vi) durge dua vio [C7408 dé thyc hign reset vé 0. Vay ta 06 trang thai tiép theo sé la 00:00:00. 23Mach dong ho sé ding 741890 TRAN MINH TUAN Chwong II: KET LUAN 24Mach dong ho sé ding 741890 TRAN MINH TUAN MUC LUC Trang bia Phigu giao nhigm vy dé an Loi gid thigu, Nhfn xét cia gido vign huang din. Chuong I: Co sé thuyét ign quan 1. Flip Flop. Tl, H@ chuyén ma... IT Hig ma hod va giai ma, TV. He tuain tu (hé dé)... Chuang I: Thigt ké sor d@ mach 1. So do khi a ML. Khoi tao xung ding IC555 IIL. Khoi a IV. Khoi giai ma V. Khoi hign thi. VI. Mach dong hi Chuong III: Két lun * Tai ligu tham khio... Mye lye 25