B CNG THNG

TRNG CAO NG CNG THNG TP.HCM

KHOA IN-IN T

N K THUT S
TI: THIT K MCH NG H S IU KHIN T XA
C BO THC & HIN TH NHIT

GVHG: O VN PHNG
NHM SVTH: NGUYN VN BO
PHM XUN TRUNG
L QUC LU
V TH THU HNG
L VN ANH SCH

Tp .H CH MINH ngy 19 thng 5 nm 2015

MC LC
LI GII THIU ....................................................................................................................... 1
LI CM N............................................................................................................................. 2
NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN........................................................................ 3
PHN I: C S L THUYT .................................................................................................. 4
CHNG 1: KHI TO DAO NG: ............................................................................... 4
1.1.1

Tm hiu IC dao dng :IC 555 ............................................................................. 4

1.1.2

Nguyn l hot ng: ........................................................................................... 5

1.3. Nguyn tc hot ng ................................................................................................. 5

1.1.3

Thit k v tnh ton mch to dao ng tn s 1Hz .......................................... 6

CHNG 2:

KHI M ................................................................................................... 8

2.1 Cc mch logic c bn. .............................................................................................. 8

2.1.1 Gii thiu. ............................................................................................................. 8
1.1.3.1 2.1.2 Cc cng logic: ....................................................................................... 9
2.2 Mch FLIP-FLOP (FF).............................................................................................. 14
2.2.1 Khi nim: ........................................................................................................... 14
2.3 Mch m: .................................................................................................................. 17
2.4 MCH GHI. : ............................................................................................................ 21
2.5 Tm hiu IC 7490: ...................................................................................................... 21
. .1

u to c

. .

ch n c

2.5.3

nh h nh

u .................................................................. 22

.................................................................................... 22

c im.. ...................................................................................................... 22

2.5.4 Nguyn ly hot dng ......................................................................................... 23

CHNG 3: KHI GII M ........................................................................................... 25
3.1. Gii thiu chung. ....................................................................................................... 25
3.2.Tm hiu IC gii m 7 on 74LS47. ......................................................................... 26
3.2.1 S chn v chc nng cc chn. ..................................................................... 26
3.2.2. Nguyn l hot ng. ......................................................................................... 27
CHNG 4 : KHI HIN TH......................................................................................... 28
4.1. Tm hiu Led 7 thanh. ............................................................................................... 28
4.2. S chn v chc nng cc chn. ........................................................................... 29
4.3 Nguyn l hot ng. ................................................................................................ 29
CHNG 5 :KHI SO SNH ............................................................................................ 33
5.1. Gii thiu: ................................................................................................................. 33
5.2. Tm hiu IC 74ls85: ................................................................................................... 34
5.3. S chn v chc nng cc chn. ........................................................................... 34
5.4. Nguyn l hot dng: ................................................................................................ 35

CHNG 6:

KHI IU KHIN T XA ................................................................... 37

6.1 GII THIU: .............................................................................................................. 37

6.1.1 Tng quan qua v h thng thu pht hng ngoi. ............................................... 37
6.2 Cu to linh kin ....................................................................................................... 39
6.3 Tm hiu IC pht hng ngoi PT2248: ..................................................................... 39
6.3.1
6.4

S v chc nng cc chn ca IC: .......................................................... 40

Tm hiu IC thu hng ngoi PT2249: ................................................................. 43

6.4.1 S v chc nng cc chn ca IC: ............................................................. 43

6.5.

Tm hiu v led thu pht hng ngoi: ................................................................. 45

6.5.1

LED pht: ...................................................................................................... 45

6.5.2

Mt thu: ......................................................................................................... 45

PHN II: THIT K V THI CNG MCH .................................................................. 47

CHNG I: THIT K V PHN TCH NGUYN L LM VIC CC
KHI ................................................................................................................................... 47
1.1.

Khi to dao ng 1Hz: ...................................................................................... 47

1.2.

Khi giy: .............................................................................................................. 47

1.3.

Khi pht: ............................................................................................................. 49

1.4.

Khi gi: ................................................................................................................ 50

1.5.

Khi ci t bo thc: .......................................................................................... 52

1.6.

Khi so snh v chung. ...................................................................................... 52

1.7.

Khi iu khin t xa. .......................................................................................... 53

1.8.

Khi hin th nhit : ......................................................................................... 55

CHNG II:

S MCH NGUYN L V MCH IN ............................... 58

2.1. S NGUYN L: .............................................................................................. 58

2.2. S mch in: ........................................................................................................... 60
2.2.1 mch in khi thi gian( gi-pht-giy) v khi ngun: ...................................... 60
2.2.2 mch in khi ci t bo thc v khi thu hng ngoi: ...................................... 60
2.2.3 mch in khi so snh v chung: ......................................................................... 61
2.2.4 mch in mch pht hng ngoi: ........................................................................... 61
2.2.5 mch in khi nhit : ......................................................................................... 61
PHN III: TNG KT ....................................................................................................... 63
TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................................................... 64

LI GII THIU
Ngy nay , vi s pht trin khng ngng ca khoa hc k thut , vic ng
dng cc linh kin bn dn phn no gim bt gi thnh sn phm bng cc
linh kin ri .ng dng mn k thut s vo thit k cc b phn thit thc
hng ngy gip chng ta hiu c mn k thut s lm g v c ng dng
vo u.
ng h l mt thit rt cn thit m hu nh bt c ai cng phi dng ti
n. Mt chic ng h c , xem bng cch nhn vo kim ch vch chia thi
gian s gy kh khn cho ngi mi bt u s dng . nhng i vi ng h
s , thi gian c hin th r rng bng cc ch s s d dng s dng hn.
Bi vy , sau y nhm em s thit k mt mch ng h s dng IC74ls90,
rt thng dng trong k thut s, B bo thc, B thit b iu khin tf xa .m
bo yu cu k thut ca mn hc v yu cu ca thy c ra,
Trong ti cng cn nhiu thiu st rt mong s gp ca qu thy c v
cc bn c c hon thin hn.

n: k thut s

Page 1

LI CM N
Trn thc t khng c s thnh cng no m khng gn lin vi nhng s
h tr, gip d t hay nhiu, d trc tip hay gin tip ca ngi khc.
Vi lng bit n su sc nht, nhm em xin gi li cm n n Thy
O VN PHNG tn tm hng dn nhm chng em trong qu trnh
thc hin n ny cng qu thy c Khoa in in t Trng Cao ng
Cng Thng TP.HCM vi tri thc v tm huyt ca mnh truyn t kin
thc qu bu cho chng em trong qu trnh hc tp. Nu khng c nhng li
hng dn, dy bo ca qu thy th n ca nhm em rt kh c th hon
thin c.
Sau cng, nhm em xin knh chc qu thy c tht di do sc khe, nim
tin tip tc thc hin s mnh cao p ca mnh l truyn t kin thc cho
th h mai sau.
Nhm em xin chn thnh cm n

n: k thut s

Page 2

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN.

Tp.H Ch Minh, ngy .thng 05 nm2015

Gio vin hng dn

O VN PHNG

n: k thut s

Page 3

PHN I: C S L THUYT
CHNG 1: KHI TO DAO NG:
1.1.1 Tm hiu IC dao dng :IC 555
y l loi IC c s dng rt ph bin lm: mch n n, mch dao
ng a hi , b chia tn, mch r,Nhng trong mch ny, IC 555 c s
dng lm b pht xung.
Thi gian c xc lp theo mch nh thi R, C bn ngoi. Dy thi gian
tc ng hu hiu t vi micro giy n vi gi.
IC ny c th ni trc tip vi cc loi IC: TTL/CMOS/DTL.
S y c th ni trc tip vi cc

chn

hc nng tng chn ca

:
*Chn 1: ni ra mass ny dng cung cp cho IC.
*Chn 2: chn kch thch.
*Chn 3: u ra.
*Chn 4: Xa - Reset. Khi chn 4 ni mass th ng ra mc thp, cn khi chn
4 ni vo mc p cao th trng thi ng ra tu theo mc p chn 2 v 6.
*Chn 5: din p iu khin, dng lm thay i mc p chun trg IC theo VR
hay R ngoi cho ni mass. Tuy nhin trg cc mch ng dng chn s 5 ni mass
qua 1 t in 10nF --> 100nF tc dng lc b nhiu cho mc p chun n nh.
*Chn 6: chn ngng, ng vo ca 1 tn so p khc, mch so snh dng cc
Transistor ngc Vcc/3.
*Chn 7: u phng in, c th xem nh 1 kho in.
*Chn 8: Cp ngun nui cho IC, ngun nui cho IC khong t +5V +15V,
ti a l 18V.

n: k thut s

Page 4

1.1.2 Nguyn l hot ng:

nguyn l c

Cu to ca NE555 gm OP-amp so snh in p, mch lt v transistor

x in. Cu to ca IC n gin nhng hot ng tt. Bn trong gm 3 in tr
mc ni tip chia in p VCC thnh 3 phn. Cu to ny to nn in p chun.
in p 1/3 VCC ni vo chn dng ca Op-amp 1 v in p 2/3 VCC ni
vo chn m ca Op-amp 2. Khi in p chn 2 nh hn 1/3 VCC, chn S =
[1] v FF c kch. Khi in p chn 6 ln hn 2/3 VCC, chn R ca FF =
[1] v FF c reset.

1.3. Nguyn tc hot ng

K hiu 0 l mc thp bng 0V, 1 l mc cao gn bng VCC. Mch FF l loi
RS Flip-flop,
Khi S = [1] th Q = [1] v
n: k thut s

= [ 0].
Page 5

Sau , khi S = [0] th Q = [1] v

Khi R = [1] th

= [0].

= [1] v Q = [0].

Tm li, khi S = [1] th Q = [1] v khi R = [1] th Q = [0] bi v = [1],

transisitor m dn, cc C ni t. Cho nn in p khng np vo t C, in p
chn 6 khng vt qu V2. Do li ra ca Op-amp 2 mc 0, FF khng reset.
Giai on u ra mc 1:
Khi bm cng tc khi ng, chn 2 mc 0.
V in p chn 2 (V-) nh hn V1(V+), ng ra ca Op-amp 1 mc 1 nn S
= [1], Q = [1] v

= [0]. Ng ra ca IC mc 1.

Khi = [0], transistor tt, t C tip tc np qua R, in p trn t tng. Khi

nhn cng tc ln na Op-amp 1 c V- = [1] ln hn V+ nn ng ra ca Op-amp
1 mc 0, S = [0], Q v vn khng i. Trong khi in p t C nh hn V2,
FF vn gi nguyn trng thi .
Giai on u ra mc 0:
Khi t C np tip, Op-amp 2 c V+ ln hn V- = 2/3 VCC, R = [1] nn Q = [0] v
= [1]. Ng ra ca IC mc 0.
V

= [1], transistor m dn, Op-amp2 c V+ = [0] b hn V-, ng ra ca Op-amp 2

mc 0. V vy Q v khng i gi tr, t C x in thng qua transistor.

K t qu: Ng ra OUT c tn hiu dao ng dng sng vung, c chu k n nh.
1.1.3 Thi t k v tnh ton mch to dao ng tn s 1Hz .

Nhn vo s mch trn ta c cng thc tnh tn s , rng xung.

+ Tn s ca tn hiu u ra l:
f = 1/(ln2.C.(R1 + 2R2))
n: k thut s

Page 6

+ Chu k ca tn hiu u ra : t = 1/f

+ Thi gian xung mc H (1) trong mt chu k :
t1 = ln2 .(R1 + R2).C
+ Thi gian xung mc L (0) trong 1 chu k :
t2 = ln2.R2.C
Ta chn C1 = 100uF, R1 = 10K, R2 = 2,2K. Vy ta c xung ra vi chu k:
T = ln(2). 100. 10-6 .(10. 103+2. 2,2. 103) ~ 1(s).

n: k thut s

Page 7

CHNG 2:

KHI M

2.1 Cc mch logic c bn.

2.1.1 Gii thiu.
Cc cng logic c bn l cc phn t ng vai tr ch yu thc hin cc
chc nng logic n gin nht trong cc s logic (l cc s thc hin mt
hm logic no ). Cc cng logic c bn thng c mt hoc nhiu u vo v
mt u ra. T cc cng logic c bn, ta c th kt hp li to ra nhiu mch
logic thc hin cc hm logic phc tp hn. Nhng d liu ng vo, ra ch nhn
cc gi tr logic l ng (mc 1) v sai (mc 0). V cc cng logic hot ng vi
cc s nh phn (0, 1) nn c i khi cn c mang tn l cng logic nh phn.
Ngi ta thng dng tn hiu in biu din d liu vo ra ca cc cng
logic ni ring v ca cc mch logic ni chung. Chng c th l tn hiu xung
v tn hiu th.
* Biu din bng tn hiu th :
Dng hai mc in th khc nhau biu din hai ga tr (mc 1) v sai
(mc 0) c hai phng php biu din hai gi tr ny:
+ Phng php logic dng (hnh 1.a)
in th dng hn l mc 1
in th m hn l mc 0

t
1
0
1

0
1
0

(Hnh 1.a)
+ Phng php logic m ( hnh 1.b)
in th m hn l mc 1
in th dng hn l mc 0

n: k thut s

Page 8

t
0
1
0
u
1
0
1

(Hnh b)
Hnh 1.1a, b : Biu din d liu bng tn hiu th
* Biu din bng tn hiu xung:
Hai gi tr logic 1 v 0 tng ng vi s xut hin hay khng xut ca xung
trong dy tn hiu theo mt chu k T nht nh (Hnh 1,1c)
Trong cc mch logic s dng d liu l tn hiu xung, cc xung thng c
rng sn v bin trong mt gii hn cho php no ty tng trng
hp c th

1.1.3.1 2.1.2 c cng logic:

a. Cng Not.

Mt s IC cha cng XNOR. 7404,4051..

b. Cng AND.

n: k thut s

Page 9

-Vi cng AND c nhiu ng vo,ng ra s l 1 nu tt c u l 1.

Bng trng thi

+ x,y: ng vo tn hiu logic

+ 0: mc logic thp
+ 1: mc logic cao
+ z: p ng ng ra
Mt s IC cha cng AND: 4081, 74LS08, 4073, 74HC11.
C . Cng OR.

vi cng OR c nhiu ng vo, ng ra s l 0 nu tt c ng vo u l 0.

n: k thut s

Page 10

Bng trng thi.

Mt s IC cha cng OR: 74HC32, 74HC4075.

D . Cng NAND.

Bng trng thi.

-

Vi cng NAND c nhiu ng vo, ng ra s l 0 nu tt c ng vo u

l 1.
Mt s IC cha cng NAND. 7400; 4071...

n: k thut s

Page 11

E .CNG NOR.

Vi cng NOR c nhiu ng vo, ng ra s l 1 nu tt c ng vo u l 0.

Mt s IC cha cng NOR: 74LS25 , 74LS33 , 74LS27.

Bng trng thi:

F. Cng XOR.

n: k thut s

Page 12

Bng trng thi:

- Vi cng XOR c nhiu ng vo ,ng ra se l 1 nu tng s bit 1 cc ng
vo l s l.
- Mt s IC cha cng XOR:74136, 4030...
G . Cng XNOR.

- vi cng XNOR c nhiu ng vo,ng ra s l 1, nu tng s bt 1

cc ng vo l s chn

Bng trng thi.

n: k thut s

Page 13

2.2 Mch FLIP-FLOP (FF)

. .1 Khi nim:
Flip-flop c cu to t cc cng logic , c th ni flip-flop l t hp cc
cng logic hot ng theo mt quy lut nh trc.
Mch flipflop (FF) l mch dao ng a hi lng n tc mch to ra sng
vung v c hai trng thi n nh. Trng thi ca FF ch thay i khi c xung
ng h tc ng.
Mt FF thng c:
- Mt hoc hai ng vo d liu, mt ng vo xung CK v c th c cc ng vo
vi cc chc nng khc.
- Hai ng ra, thng c k hiu l Q (ng ra chnh) v (ng ra ph). Ngi
ta
thng dng trng thi ca ng ra chnh ch trng thi ca FF. Nu hai ng ra
c trng thi ging nhau ta ni FF trng thi cm.
Flip flop c th c to nn t mch cht (latch)
im khc bit gia mt mch cht v mt FF l: FF chu tc ng ca xung
ng h cn mch cht th khng.
Ngi ta gi tn cc FF khc nhau bng cch da vo tn cc ng vo d liu
ca
chng.
-Ngoi ra FF cn c 2 chn: Clr (clear); v chn Pre ( Preset ). Khi tc ng vo
chn Clr s xa FF lam Q=0, =1. Khi tc ng vo chn Pre s t FF lm
Q=1, =0.
2.2.2 Phn loi
C nhiu cch phn loi FF
Theo chc nng lm vic ca cc u vo iu khin : FF mt u vo
iu khin D.FF, T. FF; EF hai u vo iu khin RS, FF, JK, FF.
- Theo cch lm vic ta c loi FF ng b v khng ng b FF ng b
li gm loi thng v loi ch t. i vi loi khng ng b cc tn hiu iu
khin vn iu khin c hot ng ca FF m khng cn tn hiu ng b.
FF

FF-D

FF-T

FF-RS

FF-JK

Khng
ng b

Thng

ng
bo

Ch t

Hnh . S khi phn loi FF

n: k thut s

Page 14

a. FF dng ch t ( MS)
FF dng ch t l FF xung nhp rt ph bin i vi cc FF ch to theo
phng php mch tch hp. Mch ca FF ny gm 2 phn l 2 khi FF c khi
iu khin ring nhng li c quan h vi nhau. Mt FF gi l FF ch t (M:
master), mt FF gi l FF t (S : Slave) FF ch thc hin chc nng logic ca h
cn FF t dng nh trng thi ca h sau h hn thnh vic ghi thng tin.
u vo ca h l u vo FF ch, u ra ca h l u ra FF t. C 2 FF u
c iu khin theo xung nhp Ck. Di s iu khin ca xung nhp, vic ghi
thng tin vo FF ch t thc hin qua A bc:
+ Bc 1 : Cch ly gia 2 FF ch t
+ Bc 2 : Ghi thng tin vo FF ch
+ Bc 3 : Cch ly gia u vo v FF ch
+ Bc 4 : Chuyn thng tin t FF ch sang FF t.
S trn hnh 1.3.2.a p ng vic ghi thng tin theo 4 bc trn. V
di tc dng ca ca xung nhp Cx, thng tin c a vo FF ch nhng ng
thi qua cng NOT u vo khi iu khin FF t khng c xung ng b nn
to s cch ly gia FF ch v t. Sau khi kt thc xung ng b C k khng cn
nn gia u vo v FF ch c cch ly ng thi qua cng NOT u vo khi
iu khin FF t c xung i b nn h chuyn thng tin t FF ch t sang FF
t. Qu trnh ghi thng tin vo FF ch t kh phc tp v i hi xung nhp Ck
chnh xc cu trc s kh phc tp nn gy tr kh ln. Nhng FF ch t
c u im l chng nhiu t, kh nng ng b tt.
b. FF - RS :
FF - RS l FF c 2 u vo iu khin R,S. u vo (set) l u vo t, u vo
R ( Rerset) l u vo xa ( Hnh 1.3.2.1)
Mch khng c u vo iu khin v xung nhp Cx.
Bng trng thi ca FF - RS : Bng 1.3.2.1.
- S lun a Q v 1, v 0
- R lun a Q v 0, v 1

K hiu v bng trng thi

b. FF JK:
FF - JK l loi FF 2 u vo iu khin J v K, 2 u kch thch trc tip S D v
RD - FF - JK c dng rt nhiu trong cc mch s.
V cu to FF JK phc tp hn FF - RS v FF - RST nhng c kh nng hot
ng rng ln v:
n: k thut s

Page 15

+ Vn iu khin trc tip qua SD, RD

+ Cc u J,K c c tnh nh S,R
- Tuy nhin khi J = K = 1 th mch hot ng bnh thng, khng c trng thi
cm, ng ba lun lt trng thi.

K hiu v bng hot ng FF-JK

c. FF.T
FF.T l loi FF c u vo iu khin I FF thng khng c cc u vo ng
b m ch c SD v RD

Hnh 1.3.2.9. K hiu v bng chn l FF-T

Nh vy FF-T tun t thay i trng thi Q mi ln c xung kch. Nh vy vi
kch thch lin tc ca Ck th Q v Q cng lin tc thay i trng thi.
f. FF- D
FF - D l FF c mt u vo d liu

K hiu v bng hot ng FF-D Clk tc ng cnh ln.

n: k thut s

Page 16

K hiu v bng hot ng FF-D c CLK tc ng cnh xung.

Ta nhn thy rng trng thi u ra ca FF - D lp li trng thi u vo D
ti thi im trc . Ngha l tn hiu ra b tr so vi tn hiu vo mt khong
thi gian no . i vi FF-D khng ng b thi gian tr do thng s ca
mch quyt nh. Cn i vi FF - D ng b th thi gian tr ng bng chu k
ca xung nhp Ck. Do tnh cht ny ca FF-D m ngi ta thng dng chng
lm tr tn logic .
* Tm li: FF l phn t c bn ch to cc mch ng dng quan trng
trong h thng s nh mch m, mch ghi, b nh ... Nhng thc t cac FF
c ch to t cc logic ch l l thuyt c bn, thc t, chng c tch hp
trong cc IC.
Cc IC cha FF nh :
FF: JK : 740, 7472, 7473, 7476,7478,74301,74102,4027
FF: RS : 7471
FF: D : 7474, 74171, 74175, 4013

2.3 Mch m:
Mch m l mch dy c xy dng t cc phn t nh v FF v cc
phn t t hp. Mch c mt u vo cho xung n v nhiu u ra, nhng iu
kin thng l u ra Q ca cc FF. iu kin mt mch gi l mch m l
n c cc trng thi khc nhau mi khi c xung nhp vo. Nhng v s FF l c
gii hn nn s trng thi khc nhau ti a ca mch cng b gii hn s xung
m ti a c gi l dung lng ca mch m. Nu c tip tc kch thch khi
ti gii hn mch thng tr v trng thi khi u, tc l mch c tnh cht
tun hn.
Mch m l thnh phn c bn ca h thng s, chng c s dng
m thi gian, chia tn s, iu khin cc mch khc. Mch m dng rt nhiu
trong my tnh, trong thng tin. xy dng mch m, ngi ta dng m nh
phn hoc cc m khc nh m BCD, m vng ...
2.3.1 phn loi
C nhiu phng php kt ni cc FF trong mch m nn c cc tnh
hung chuyn i cc FF khc nhau. Da vo s khc bit ca tnh hung
chuyn i trng thi ca FF ngi ta phn b m thnh m ng bo v
khng ng b.
+ Trong b m ng b, cc FF chu tc ng ca mt xung nhp Ck duy
nht m u vo nn s chuyn i trng thi l ng b.
n: k thut s

Page 17

+ Trng b m khng ng b, ch c mt FF nhn xung nhp C k ni cc

FF t kch thch ln nhau (Xung nhp cho FF ny l u ra ca FF kia). Vy s
chuyn i cc trng thi khng cng lc tc l khng ng b.
Da vo s khc nhau gia cc h s m ngi ta phn thnh cc loi :
+ Mch m h 2 : (mch m nh phn) l mch m trong cc trng
thi ca mch c trnh by di dng h s 2 t nhin. Mch m s dng n
FF s c dung lng l 2n.
+ Mch m BCD : thng dng 1FF nhng ch c 10 trng thi khc
nhau biu din cc trng thi t 0 - 9. Trng thi ca mch c trnh by
di dng m BCD.
+ Mch m MOD M (Moudulo M): c dung lng l M vi M l s
nguyn dng bt k . Mch thng dng cng logic vi FF v cc cng hi tip
c bit trnh by di cc dng m khc nhau.
Da vo tc ng ca xung m ta phn thnh cc loi.
+ m ln (Up - Counter) : cn gi l mch m thun.
+ m xung (Up - Down Couter) : Cn gi l mch m thun nghch,
m h hp.
+ m vng (Ring - Counter)

Ck

Qn

Q2

Q1

FF1

FF2

FFn

(a)
Q1
Ck

FF1

Q2
FF2

Qn
FFn

(b)
Hnh . S mch m (a) ng b, (b) khng ng b

n: k thut s

Page 18

Q1
Ck

Q2

Q
FF1
Q\

Q3

Q
FF2
Q\

Q
FF3
Q\

(a)
1

Ck
Q1
Q2
Q3

(b)

Xung s
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Q3

Q2

Q1

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
(c)

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0

Hnh . Mch m ln h 2
(a) S mch, (b) gin thi gian, (c) Bng trng thi

Ck

J
Q
FF1
K

Q1

Q2

J
Q

J
Q
FF2

Q3

Q4
J

FF3

Q
FF4

(a)

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Page 19

(b)
1

10

Ck
Q1
Q2
Q3

Hnh 1.2.2.3. Mch m BCD (a)

S mch, (b) Gin thi gian
Q1
FF1

Q3

Q2
FF2

FF3

Ck

(a)
1

Ck

Q1
Q1\
Q2
Q2\

(b)
Xung s
0
1
2
3
4
5
6

Q3
0
1
1
1
1
0
1

Q2
0
1
1
0
0
0
1

Q1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1

(c)
Hnh 1.2.2.2. Mch m xung MOD 5
(a) S mch, (b) gin thi gian, (c) Bng trng thi

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Page 20

* Cc mch m bn trn ch trnh by dng c bn. Thc t, cc mch

m ny c tch hp trong cc IC, gn, d s dng, ta ch dng xung kch
ng, dng cc cng logic gii hn MOD m...
2.4 MCH GHI. :
Mi FF c 2 trng thi n nh v ta c th kch thch to ra ac1c trng
thi nh mun. Sau khi kch thch FF s gi trng thi ny cho n khi n b
buc phi thay i. V vy ta bo FF l mch c tnh nh hay mch nh. Nu
dng nhiu FF ta c th ghi vo nhiu d liu c m ha nhn FF nh
vy gi l thanh ghi. ghi n bt thng tin, ngi ta dng n FF, thanh ghi nh
vy gi l thanh ghi n bit.
Da vo phng php a d liu vo mch ta c cc mch ghi ni //.
+ Mch ghi ni tip : D liu n bt s c dch chuyn hn tn vo thanh
ghi sau n xung nhp, mi xung nhp s ghi 1 bit vo thanh ghi. Thanh ghi m bt
ch cha c m bit ca mt hay nhiu d liu ni tip nhau.
+ Mch ghi song song : Cc bit ca mt d liu c a vo cc FF
cng lc kiu ny thng phi dng u vo iu khin trc tip SD, RD.
Da vo cc thc dch chuyn s liu trong thanh ghi ta c mch ghi dch
phi v mch ghi dch tri.
Mch ghi dch l phn t quan trng trong cc thit b s. Ngi nhim v
ghi d liu chng cn thc hin mt s chc nng khc nh mch m c
bit, mch to sng dng cho iu khin mch s...
Cc thanh ghi c tch hp cc IC.
- 74164 <-> 4034 : thanh ghi c lp 8 bit.
- 74165 <-> 4021 : thanh ghi dch 8 bit.
- 74166<-> 4014 : thanh ghi dich 8 bit.
- 74194 <-> 40194 : thanh ghi dch 4 bit.
2.5 Tm hiu IC 7490:
Trong cc mch s ng dng, ng dng m chim mt phn tng i ln. IC
7490 l IC m thng c dng trong cc mch s ng dng m 10 v trong
cc mch chia tn s.

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Page 21

. .1

2.5.2

u to c

nh h nh

ch n c

Trong cu to ca IC 7490, ta thy c thm cc ng vo Reset0 v Reset9.

Bng gi tr ca IC 7490 theo cc ng vo Reset nh sau:

2.5.3 c im..
- 7490 l b m thp phn gm 2 b m: 1 b m 2(b m A) v 1 b m
5 (3 b m B, C, D). Qa,Qb,Qc,Qd l cc u ra.
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- Vi mch gm 14 chn, cc k hiu NC l cc chn khng dng n.

- Bn chn thit lp: R0(1), R0(2), R9(1), R9(2) lm vic nh sau:
+ Khi R0(1) = R0(2) = 1 th b m c xa v 0 v cc u ra mc thp.
V vy 2 chn ny s dng Reset b m v gi tr m ban u.
+ Khi R9(1) = R9(2) = 1 th b m s c thit lp trng thi 9, 2 u
ny phi c 1 u mc thp v 2 u R0(1) v R0(2) khng cng mc cao
th b m mi hot ng m.
-Cc chn QA, QB, QC, QD: l cc chn u ra ca b m.
- Ain (CLKA): dng a tn hiu vo b m 2.
- Bin (CLKB): dng a tn hiu vo b m 5.
- Khi ni QA vo Bin (CLKB) v tn hiu vo Ain(CLKA) th c b m 10.
- Cc ng ra c b m thay i khi c mt sn m ca xung tn hiu a vo
ca chn m b m hay b m ny ch m cc sn m ca xung tn hiu
2.5.4 Nguyn ly hot dng
Khi dng IC 7490, c 2 cch ni mch cho cng chu k m 10, tc l tn s
tn hiu ng ra sau cng bng 1/10 tn s xung CK, nhng dng tn hiu ra
khc nhau.
*Mch m 2x5: ni ng ra QA vi ng vo B, xung clock (CK) ni vi ng
vo A.
*Mch m 5x2: ni ng ra QD vi ng vo A, xung clock (CK) ni vi ng
vo B.
Bng trng thi m cho 2 dng mch m trn:

Dng sng ng ra sau cng trong 2 trng hp trn:

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Theo nh hnh, ta thy dng sng cc ng ra ca 2 mch cng m 10 nhng khc

nhau:
*Kiu m 2x5 cho tn hiu ra QD khng i xng.
*Kiu m 5x2 cho tn hiu ra QA i xng.

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Page 24

CHNG 3: KHI GII M

3.1. Gii thiu chung.
Khi ny c chc nng ngc vi b m ha, ngha l b bit n bit h 2 cn
tm li c trong N k hiu hoc lnh tng ng.
-B gii m B D

ng thp ph n.

B gii m BCD sang h thp phn l mt mch t hp c 4 u vo nh

phn v 10 u ra thp phn. u vo l m BCD v s kch hot u ra tng
ng vi u vo.
-B gii m B D

ng

vch.

n 7 vch c s dng hin th d liu c x l bi thit b in t

s. Chng c th hin th cc s t 0-9 v cc ch ci t A-F v mt vi k t
khc.
Thit b hin th ny c th c iu khin bi b gii m m s chiu sng
cc vch (on- segment) ca n ph tuc vo s BCD ti u vo.Cc b gii
m ny cng cha cc b m cng sut cp dng cho n , do vy, n cn
c gi l b iu khin- gii m.
B m ha ny c 4 u vo tng ng vi 4 bit m BCD v 7 u ra, mi
u s iu khin mt vch ca n 7 vch. n hin th 7 vch bao gm cc
vch (on sng) nh.
Cc m u vo t 0-9 hin th cc ch s ca h thp phn. Cc m u t 914 ng vi cc k hiu c bit nh nu, cn m 15 s t tt c cc vch.
on sng th 8 ca n hin th l du chm thp phn (dp). Cc thit b hin
th ny c nhiu kiu vi mu sc, kch thc khc nhau v c c tnh pht
sng rt tt.
V mt in, cc LED hot ng nh diode chun, ch khc khi phn cc
thun i hi in p gia Anode v Cathode cao hn. cng sng khng
i, thit b hin th phi c nng cp dng.
Cc thit b hin th 7 vch c th c cc tnh:
- Vi kiu Cathode chung, iu khin bi mc logic dng.
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Page 25

- Vi kiu Anode chung,iu khin bi mc logic m.

3.2.Tm hiu IC gii m 7 on 74LS47.
Vi mch TTL 74LS47 l mt b iu khin hin th c dng ph bin.
Vi mch ny c cc u ra o do s dng vi LED Anode chung.
Vi mch gii m 7 on 74LS47 l loi IC c 16 chn dng gii m t m
BCD sang m 7 on hin th c trn led 7 on.

Hnh 3.2: S chn IC gii m 74LS47

3. .1

ch n v chc nng cc ch n.
Chc nng ca cc chn IC 74LS47 nh sau:
+ Chn s 8 l chn ni t (0V).
+ Chn s 16 l chn ngun cung cp (Vcc).
+ Chn 1,2,6,7 l cc chn tn hiu vo BCD.
+ Chn 9,10,11,12,13,14,15 l cc chn u ra.
+ Chn 3,4,5 l cc chn kim tra IC.
Chn LT (Lamp Test) c dng kim tra tnh hot ng (sng

hay cht) ca cc vch; trong khi chn RB (Ripper Blanking) c dng tt

tt c cc vch khi yu cu trng thi khng hin th s.

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Page 26

3. . . Nguyn l hot ng.

IC 74LS47 l IC tc ng mc thp nn cc ng ra mc 1 l tt v mc 0 l
sng tng ng vi cc thanh a, b, c, d, e, f, g ca led 7 on loi Anode chung,
trng thi ng ra tng ng vi cc s thp phn (cc s t 10 n 15 khng
dng ti).
Ng vo xa BI c khng hay ni ln mc 1 cho hot ng gii m
bnh thng. Nu ni ln mc 0 th cc ng ra u tt bt chp trng thi cc
ng ra.
Ng vo xa RBI c khng hay ni ln mc 1 dng xa s 0 ( s 0
tha pha sau du thp phn hay s 0 trc s c ngha). Khi RBI v cc ng
vo D,C,B,A mc 0 nhng ng vo LT mc cc ng ra u tt v ng vo
RBO xung mc thp.
Khi ng vo BI/RBO ni ln mc 1 v LT mc 0 th ng ra u sng
Bng trng thi ca IC 74LS47.
Inputs: Cc ng vo.
Outputs: Cc ng ra.
L: Mc logic thp.
H: Mc logic cao.

ON: M.
OFF: Tt.

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Page 27

CHNG 4 : KHI HIN TH

4.1. Tm hiu Led 7 thanh.
Trong cc thit b, bo co trng thi hot ng ca thit b cho vi
thng s ch l cc dy s n thun, thng ngi ta s dng Led 7
on. Led 7 on c s dng khi cc dy s khng i hi qu phc
tp, ch cn hin th s l , chng hn Led 7 on c dng hin th
nhit phng, trong cc ng h treo tng bng in t, hin th s
lng sn phm c kim tra sau mt cng on no .
Led 7 on c cu to bao gm 7 led n c dng thanh xp theo hnh
4.1 v c them mt led n hnh trn nh th hin du chm trn gc
di bn phi ca Led 7 on.
8 led n trn Led 7 on c Anode (cc dng) hoc Cathode (cc m)
c ni chung vi nhau vo mt im, v c a chn ra ngoi kt
ni vi mch in. 8 cc cn li trn mi led n c a thnh 8 chn
ring, cng c a ra ngoi ni vi mch in . Nu Led 7 on c
Anode chung, u chung ny c ni vi +Vcc, cc chn cn li dng
iu khin trng thi sng tt ca cc led n, led ch sng khi tn hiu t
vo cc chn ny mc 0. Nu Led 7 on c Cathode chung, u chung
ny c ni xung GND (hay Mass), cc chn cn li dng iu khin
trng thi sng tt ca cc led n, led ch sng khi tn hiu t vo cc
chn ny mc 1.

Hnh 4.1: Dng ch v s hin th c trn Led 7 thanh

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Page 28

4.2. S chn v chc nng cc chn.

Hnh : S cu trc Led 7 thanh loi Cathode chung v Anode chung

Chc nng cc chn.
+ GND, Vcc l cc chn cp ngun chung.
+ Cc chn a,b,c,d,e,f,g,dp l cc chn cp ngun cho cc thanh
tng ng a,b,c,d,e,f,dp.
4.3 Nguyn l hot ng.
-Led Anode chung.

Hnh 4.3: Led 7 on loi Anode chung

i vi dng Led Anode chung, chn COM phi c mc logic 1 v mun sng Led
th tng ng cc chn a-f,dp s mc logic 0.

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Page 29

Bng m cho Led Anode chung (a l MSB,dp l LSB)

Bng m cho Led Anode chung (a l LSB, dp l MSB)

-Led Cathode chung.
Led 7 on loi Cathode chung

i vi dng Led Cathode chung, chn COM phi mc logic 0 v mun

sng Led th tng ng cc chn a-f, dp s mc logic 1.

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Bng m cho Led Anode chung (a l MSB,dp l LSB)

Bng m cho Led Anode chung (a l MSB,dp l LSB)

V Led 7 on cha bn trong n cc led n, do khi kt ni cn m bo
dng qua mi led n trong khong 10mA-20mA bo v led.Nu kt ni vi
ngun 5V c th hn dng bng in tr 330 trc cc chn nhn tn hiu
iu khin.
Do led 7 thanh khng phi lc no cng sng c 7 thanh nn dn ti hin
tng Led sang khng u .
- Nu ch mc in tr cc chung:
y ta chn in tr 220 do dng qua Led mA< I<25mA, v mc
14mA th Led s sng p:
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- Nu ch c 1 thanh sng th dng qua thanh s l I=14mA,

- Nu c 7 thanh u sng th dng qua mi led I=14mA/7=2mA . Do
Led 7 thanh s sng khng u . nu ta gim in tr th dng qua led khi
c 7 thanh sng cng tng theo nhng khi 1 thanh sng th n s qu sng.
Do ta mc in tr 220 vo tt c cc chn ca led 7 thanh khi dng
qua mi thanh s bang nhau v led 7 thanh s sng u.

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Page 32

CHNG 5 :KHI SO SNH

5.1. Gii thiu:
Ngy nay chng ta rt quen thuc vi my vi tnh, l 1 h thng vi x
l hon ho. Trong cu trc ca VXL c 1 thnh phn rt quan trng l
ALU (Arithmetic logic unit : b logic v s hc). N c th tnh ton
hng ngn, triu php tnh trong 1s. Cu to nn VXL li gm cc mch
m, thanh ghi, cng logic v c cc mch so snh cng tr nhn chia
s hc gi l cc mch lm ton. Khng nhng th cc mch lm ton
cn c s dng trong in t ni chung k c iu khin t ng, truyn
d liu chng hn nh khi thu nhn d liu t bn ngoi th cn phi c
mch tnh ton, so snh cho tn hiu phn hi. Phn ny s tm hiu v
cc mch lm ton c bn v gii thiu qua v ALU. y khng ch l
kin thc cn bit khi hc mch s m cn l nn tng c th tip cn
lnh vc my tnh v VXL m ta s gp khi hc hay tm hiu cc mn
VXL, vi iu khin, cu trc my tnh, truyn s liu...
*Tngqut
n gin, gi s tn hiu a v l A, ch c 2 mc logic l cao v
thp (tn hiu
s 1 bit). Tn hiu em so snh l B (tn hiu ci t)
S c 3 trng hp xy ra cho ng ra :
A > B khi A = 1 v B = 0
A < B khi A = 0 v B = 1
A = B khi A = 1 = B hay A = 0 = B
T y xy dng bng s tht cho 3 trng hp ng ra t t hp trng
thi 2 ng
vo ra nh sau :

Nhn thy
Trng hp A = B l ng ra ca 1 cng EXNOR 2 ng vo A v B
Trng hp A < B l ng ra ca 1 cng AND 2 ng vo A v
Trng hp A > B l ng ra ca 1 cng AND 2 ng vo v B
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Page 33

y c gi l mch so snh ln 1 bit.

Cu trc mch s nh sau :

By gi dng tn hiu vo mch so snh khng phi ch c mc cao

hay mc thp (1 bit) m l mt chui cc xung vung th mch khi ny
phi l mch so snh ln nhiu bt.
Hnh thc so snh ca mch 4 bit cng ging nh mch 1 bit v r rng
l phi so snh bit MSB trc ri mi li dn.
5.2. Tm hiu IC 74ls85:
7485/LS85 l 1 IC tiu biu c cha mch so snh 4 bit :

Hnh : Mch so snh ln 4 bit 74LS85

5.3. S chn v chc nng cc chn.

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Page 34

chn 1,14,11,9, l cc chn d liu so snh vo B. (t B0-B3)

Chn 10,12,13,15 l cc chn d liu so snh vao A(t A0-A3)
Chn 2,3,4 l cc chn ng vo ni chng.(A<BI;A=BI;A>BI)
Chn 5,6,7 l cc chn ng ra so snh(A>B0;A=B0;A<B0)

5.4. Nguyn l hot dng:

Bng 2.3.2 Bng s tht ca 74LS85

Nhn vo bng s tht ca IC ta c th thy c hot ng ca mch
8 trng hp u mch so snh bnh thng, ln lt so snh t
bt cao trc. Khi tt c cc bit ca 2 ng vo u bng nhau th phi xt
n logic ca cc ng vo ni chng (c dng khi ghp chng nhiu IC
c s bit so snh ln hn). Logic cc ng vo ny thc ra l ca
cc ng ra tng so snh cc bit thp (nu c). Trng hp ng vo ni
chng no ln cao th ng ra tng ng cng ln cao.Trng hp cc bt
trc khng so snh c th cc ng ra sau cng u thp. Trng hp
khng c tn hiu ng vo ni chng th tc l d liu ng vo A v B
khc nhau nn ng ra A < B v A> B u mc cao. Vy mch
so snh ng 4 bit th nn ni ng ni chng A = B mc cao.

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Page 35

Hnh sau y cho cch hiu d hn vi cc ng vo ni chng khi

ghp 2 IC 74LS85.

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Page 36

CHNG 6:

KHI IU KHIN T XA

6.1 GII THIU:

Mch thu pht hng ngoi l mch kh l ph bin m ta thng hay thy
trong tivi hay cc thit b iu khin txa vi khong cch ngn. Sng hng
ngoi dng trong y th n it bnhiu v tn hiu n nh. thu pht hng
ngoi ngi ta thng dng 1 i IC PT2248 v PT2249 hoc 9148 va 9149
to mch pht v mch thu hng ngoi.
6.1.1 Tng quan qua v h thng thu pht h ng ngoi.
a) Khi nim tia hng ngoi.
nh sng hng ngoi (tia hng ngoi) l nh sng khng th nhn thy c
bng mt thng , c bc sng khong t 0.86m n 0.98m . Tia hng
ngoi c vn tc truyn bng vn tc nh sng .
- Tia hng ngoi c th truyn i c nhiu knh tn hiu. N c ng dng
rng ri trong cng nghip.Lng thng tin c th t 3 mega bit /s .Lng
thng tin c truyn i vi nh sng hng ngoi ln gp nhiu ln so vi sng
in t m ngi ta vn dng .
- Tia hng ngoi d b hp th , kh nng xuyn thu km . Trong iu khin t
xa bng tia hng ngoi , chm tia hng ngoi pht i hp , c hng , do khi
thu phi ng hng
b) Nguyn tc thu pht hng ngoi.
* ) Nguyn tc pht tn hiu.
S khi ca mch pht.

+ Gii thch s .

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Page 37

- Khi chn chc nng v khi m ha : Khi ngi s dng bm vo cc phm

chc nng pht lnh yu cu ca mnh , m phm chc nng tng ng vi
mt s thp phn . Mch m ha s chuyn i thnh m nh
phn tng ng di dng m lnh tn hiu s gm cc bt 0 v 1 . S bit trong
m lnh nh phn c th l 4 bit hay 8 bit ty theo s lng cc phm chc
nng nhiu hay t.
- Khi dao ng c iu kin : Khi nhn 1 phm chc nng th dng thi khi
ng mch dao ng to xung ng h , tn s xung ng h xc nh thi gian
chun ca mi bit .
- Khi cht d liu v khi chuyn i song song ra ni tip : M nh phn ti
mch m ha s c cht a vo mch chuyn i d liu song song ra ni
tip . Mch chuyn i d liu song song ra ni tip c iu khin bi xung
ng h v mch nh thi nhm m bo kt thc ng lc vic chuyn i
s bit ca
mt m lnh .
- Khi iu ch v pht FM : m lnh di dng ni tip s c a qua mch
iu ch v pht FM ghp m lnh vo sng mang c tn s 38Khz n
100Khz , nh sng mang cao tn tn hiu c truyn i xa hn ,
ngha l tng c ly pht .
- Khi thit b pht : l mt LED hng ngoi . Khi m lnh c gi tr bit =1 th
LED pht hng ngoi trong khong thi gian T ca bit . Khi m lnh c gi
tr bit=0 th LED khng sng . Do bn thu khng nhn c tn hiu xem
nh bit = 0 .
* Nguyn tc thu tn hiu.
S khi:

+ Gii thch s :
- Khi thit b thu : Tia hng ngoi t phn pht c tip nhn bi LED thu
hng ngoi hay cc linh kin quang khc .
- Khi khuch i v Tch sng : trc tin khuch i tnh hiu nhn ri a
qua mch tch sng nhm trit tiu sng mang v tch ly d liu cn thit l m
lnh .
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Page 38

- Khi chuyn i ni tip sang song song v Khi gii m : m lnh c a

vo mch chuyn i ni tip sang song song v a tip qua khi gii m ra
thnh s thp phn tng ng di dng mt xung kch ti ng ra tng ng
kch m mch iu khin .
- Tn s sng mang cn c dng so pha vi tn s dao ng bn phn thu
gip cho mch thu pht hot ng ng b , m bo cho mch tch sng v
mch chuyn i ni tip sang song song hot ng chnh xc.
6.2 Cu to linh kin
* Tng quan IC LOGIC CMOS:
a. Khi nim:
CMOS c vit t Complementary-Metal-Oxide-Silicon. u tin, CMOS
c nghin cu s dng trong k thut hng khng v tr. Vi cc dc tnh
nh khng b l thuc vo li in , min nhiu .... Ngy nay CMOS c s
dng rng ri trong in t cng nghip , in t y khoa , k thut xe hi v k
thut my tnh in t.
b. Mt s c tnh quan trng :
in p:
CMOS c th hot ng t in p 3V n 15V. Tuy nhin vi in p nh
hn 4.5V thi gian tr s gia tng (vn tc lm vic s chm li), tng tr ra
cng s ln hn v ng thi tnh chng nhiu s gim. Tuy nhin in p ln
15 V cng s gp bt li :
+ cng sut tiu tn lc CMOS hot ng cao.
+ vi nhng xung nhiu t ngun vt qu in p nh thng (20V) , to ra
hiu ng SCR latch_up v lm hng IC nu dng khng c hn ch t bn
ngoi. Nu dng in p ln 15V th cn phi c in tr hn dng .
Thi gian tr :
in p cao th CMOS hot ng cng nhanh. Thi gian tr gia tng vi nhit
v ti in dung.
Tnh min nhiu :
CMOS chng nhiu rt tt , thng l 45% in p cp: 2.25V vi in p
5V; 4,5V vi in p 10V . thi gian tr CMOS ng vai tr nh mt b lc
nhiu. Xung 10ns bin mt sau mt chui cc cng CMOS. V tnh cht c bit
ny, CMOS c dung ng ng trong mi trng y nhiu in v in t .
vi in p cp +5V , CMOS vn lm vic bnh thng vi s bt n nh ca
in p cp hay in p nhiu in n 1V.
6.3 Tm hiu IC pht hng ngoi PT2248:
IC PT2248 l IC truyn pht tia hng ngoi ng dng cng CMOS .

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Page 39

c tnh:
c sn xut theo cng ngh CMOS.
Tiu th cng sut thp.
Vng in p hot ng :2.2V-5V.
It thnh phn ngoi.
ng dng :
B pht hng ngoi dng trong cc thit b in t nh:
Television, Video Casette Recoder.
6.3.1 S v chc nng cc chn ca IC:

Chn 1 (Vss): L chn mass c ni vi cc m ca ngun in

+ Chn 2 v 3 : l hai u ni vi thnh anh bn ngoi cho b dao ng bn
trong IC .
+ Chn 4 n 9(k1-k6): la u vo ca tn hiu bn phm kiu ma trn, cc chn
t K1 n K6 l kt hp cc chn 10 n chn 12(T1-T3) to thnh ma trn
18 phm.
+ Chn 13(CODE): l chn m s dng kt hp vi cc chn T1-T2 to
ra t hp m h thng gia phn pht v phn thu.
+ Chn 14(TEST): l chn dng kim tra m ca phn pht , bnh thng
khi khng s dng
c th b trng.
+ Chn 15 (TXout): l u ra ca tn hiu d c iu ch FM.
+ Chn 16 (Vcc): chn cp ngun dng.

n: k thut s

Page 40

 s khi:

B dao ng v b phn tn : c th pht c di xa, ta phn c mt

xung c tn s 38Khz ni nhn nhng trn th trng kh tm c
thnh anh ng tn s nn ta chn tn s ca thch anh l 455Khz cho b
to dao ng. Sau tn s s c a qua b phn tn chia n ra
thnh 12 ln.
o V IC thu PT2249 , ch c 2 m bit m( CODE2,CODE3), nn
chn T1 ca PT2248 s lun mc 1.

o C1,C2,C3: m ngi dng.

o H : m tn hiu lin tc
o S1,S2: m tn hiu khng lin tcD1-D6 m ng vo.
Dng sng truyn:

n: k thut s

Page 41

Thi gian ca bit a ph thuc vo tn s dao ng v c tnh bi cng thc:

a=

o tn hiu khng lin tc

khi nhn bt k mt phm khng lin tc, tn hiu khng lin tc ch

truyn 2 t lnh n ng ra.
o Tin hiu lin tc

Khi nhn bt k 1 phm lin tc , tn hiu lin tc s lp li chu ky sau

khi truyn 2 t lnh v thi gian dng cho n khi phm khng c
nhn na.
Tham s cc hn:
c trng
Ngun cung cp
in p vo/ra
Tiu tn in nng
Nhit hot ng
Nhit lu tr
Dng in ng ra

n: k thut s

Biu tng
Vcc
Vin
Pd
Topr
Tstg
Iout

Tham s
5.5
Vss-0.5->vcc+0.5
200
0-700
-40->125
-5

n v
V
V
mV
C
C
mA

Page 42

6.4 Tm hiu IC thu hng ngoi PT2249:

* tng quan:
PT2249 cng c ch to bi cng ngh CMOS. N c th iu khin ti a
10 thit b.
- c tnh:
+ Tiu tn cng sut thp.
Kh nng chng nhiu rt cao.
Nhn c ng thi 5 chc nng t IC pht BL9148
Cung cp b dao ng RC.
B lc s v b kim tra m ngn nga s tc ng t nhng ngun
sng khc nhau nh n PL. Do khng nh hng n nhy
ca mt thu.
6.4.1 S v chc nng cc chn ca IC:

Chn 1(Vss): l chn mass c ni vi cc m ca ngun in.

Chn 2(Rxin): l u vo ca tn hiu thu.
Cc chn 3-7 (HP1-HP5): L u ra tn hiu lin tc. Ch cn thu
c tn hiu tng ng vi u ra no th u ra s lun duy tr
mc logic 1.
Chn 8-12(SP5-SP1) : L u ra tn hiu khng lin tc. Ch cn
thu c tn hiu tng ng vi u ra no th u ra s duy tri
mc logic 1 trong khong thi gian l 107 ms.
Chn 14 v chn 13 (code2 v code3 ): to ra t hp m h
thng gia phn pht v phn thu. M s ca hai chn ny phi
ging t hp m h thng ca phn pht th mi thu c tin hiu.
Chn 15 (OSC) : dng vi t in v in tr bn ngoi to dao
ng cho mch
Chn 16(vcc): l chn c ni vi cc dng ca ngun cung cp.

n: k thut s

Page 43

 S khi:

*gii thch s khi:

Sau khi IC pht PT2248 pht tn hiu (2 chu k ) i, tn hiu s c mt
thu tip nhn ri a n n chnRXin . chn RXin c nhim v s chnh li
dng sng ca tn hiu cho chun. sau , tn hiu c a ti b lc s. b lc
s c nhim v lc ly cc d liu ri a n thanh ghi. D liu u tin c
lu vo thanh ghi 12 bit. Tip n , d liu th 2 s c np vo thanh ghi . d
liu u tin s c a qua b m ng ra nu m ca n khp vi m ca
phn pht . trng hp ,m ca d liu khng khp vi m ca phn pht th qu
trnh s c lp li . khi cc d liu nhn c thng qua , ng ra s chuyn
t mc thp ln mc cao.
Tn hiu nhn
12 BITS
C1

C2

C3

T1

T2

T3

K1

K2

K3

K4

K5

K6

K3

K4

K5

K6

D liu u tin
12 BITS
C1

C2

C3

T1

T2

T3

K1

K2

D liu u th 2
*t hp m h thng gia IC pht 2248 v 2249
Bng h thng
C1
1
1

n: k thut s

PT2248
C2
1
0

PT2249
C3
0
1

C2
1
0

C3
0
1

Page 44

- Cc chn C2 v C3 s mc logic 1 nu mt t gia chn Cn (n=2,3) v

mass. Ngc li , cc chn C2,C3 s mc logic 0 nu ni xung mass.
6.5. Tm hiu v led thu pht hng ngoi:
6.5.1 LED pht:
Cu to ca LED hng ngoi c bn l ging cc LED ch th.
bc x nh sng hng ngoi, LED hng ngoi c ch to t vt liu
Galium Asenit (GaAs) vi rng vng cm EG = 1,43 eV tng ng
vi bc x bc sng khong 900nm.
Hnh nh led pht hng ngoi:

6.5.2 Mt thu:
i vi modul mt thu trn th trng c 2 loi module mt thu tn hiu
hng ngoi . Mt loi v st v 1 loi v bng nha. Dng loi module
ny chng c nhiu bn ngoi v thu c tn hiu xung quang n.
Cc xc nh chn rt n gin l

n: k thut s

Page 45

Nhn trn hnh nh th :

Th t chn t tri qua phi
- Chn 1 l chn tn hiu out
- Chn 2 l chn GND
-Chn 3 l chn VCC.

n: k thut s

Page 46

PHN II: THIT K V THI CNG MCH

CHNG I:
1.1.

THIT K V PHN TCH NGUYN L

LM VIC CC KHI

Khi to dao ng 1Hz:

IC 555 c nhim v to tn s 1Hz ti chn s3 , cp cho khi giy
ca ng h thi gian thc. xung u ra c dng xung vung n nh v
c mi chu k xung th tng ng vi 1 giy.

Khi giy:
Khi giy c nhim v hin th t 00 n 59.Khi khi giy m ti
59 v sau mt chu k xung tip theo th gi tr t ng reset v 00, v
ng thi cp xung cho khi pht m pht.
Tn s 1Hz ti u ra ca IC to dao ng 555 c cp cho khi giy
m. Hng n v s m gi tr t 0 n 9, cn hang chc m gi tr
t 0 n 5. C sau mt chu k xung cp th khi giy tng thm mt
gi tr. y ta phi s dng b m 10 cho hng chc v hng n v. Cc
chn Q1, Q2, Q3 to thnh mt b m ln lt tng ng vi b m A, B,
C, D. Khi hng chc m ti gi tr 6 (DCBA= 0110) th c mc in p
logic tng ng vi gi tr 6 (C=D= 1)c a v tng chn R0(1) v
R0(2) ca IC m hng chc reset gi tr m v 0 ng thi cp xung
Clock cho khi pht.

1.2.

n: k thut s

Page 47

Bng m khi giy.

S khi giy.
n: k thut s

Page 48

Khi pht:
Khi pht cng tng t khi giy c nhim v hin th gi tr t 00
n 59 v sau khi m ti 59, v sau mt chu k xung tip theo gi tr
m cng t ng reset v 00 ng thi cp xung cho khi gi m gi.
Xung c cp cho khi pht th gi khi khi giy m gi tr 59 reset
v 00. V vy c sau khi khi giy m ht 60 giy th khi pht tng 1 gi
tr. Hng n v s m t 0 n 9, cn hng chc s m t 0 n
5. Ta cng s dng b m 10 cho c hng chc v hng n v v qu
trnh reset cng tng t nh khi giy.

1.3.

Bng m khi pht.

n: k thut s

Page 49

S khi pht.

Khi gi:
Khi gi c nhim v hin th gi tr t 00 n 23. Khi khi gi m
n gi tr 23 v sau 1 chu k xung tip theo th gi tr m t ng reset v
00 .
Xung cp cho khi gi c cp t khi pht .C sau khi khi pht m ht
60 pht th khi gi tng 1 gi tr. Hng nv s hin th t 0 n 9. Cn
hng chc s hin th t 0 n 1. Ta s dng b m 4 (B v C) cho hng
chc v b m 10 cho hng n v. Khi hng chc m c gi tr 2 (CB=
10) v hng n v m ti gi tr 4 (DCBA= 0100) th c mc in p
logic tng ng gi tr 24 c a v tng chn R0(1) v R0(2) ca IC m
hng chc v IC m hng n v reset gi tr m v 00.
1.4.

n: k thut s

Page 50

bng m khi gi.

S khi gi.

n: k thut s

Page 51

1.5.

Khi ci t bo thc:

Mch ci t bo thc l s kt hp ca hai khi pht v khi gi. V

hot ng tng t nh khi pht v khi gi, ch khc l khng c clk ca
khi giy tc ng. M s dng s tc ng bng cc nt nhn tch cc mc cao.
C sau thi gian nhn nt nhn cp cho khi mt clk tch cc mc cao
khi pht ci t bo thc th khi pht tng 1 gi tr. Hng n v s m t
0 n 9, cn hng chc s m t 0 n 5. Ri reset cp clk cho
khi ci t gi bo thc.
C sau thi gian nhn nt nhn cp cho khi mt clk tch cc mc cao
khi gi ci t bo thc th khi gi tng 1 gi tr. Hng n v s hin th t
0 n 9. Cn hng chc s hin th t 0 n 1. Ta s dng b m 4 (B
v C) cho hng chc v b m 10 cho hng n v. Khi hng chc m c
gi tr 2 (CB= 10) v hng n v m ti gi tr 4 (DCBA= 0100) th c
mc in p logic tng ng gi tr 24 c a v tng chn R0(1) v R0(2)
ca IC m hng chc v IC m hng n v reset gi tr m v 00.
S khi ci t bo thc ging nh khi pht v khi gi trn:

1.6.

Khi so snh v chung.

Mch so snh nhn tn hiu so snh t cc khi thi gian v khi khi ci t
bo thc khi cc bit khi thi gian bng vi cc bit khi ci t th mch so
snh cho ra mc cao.
u tin ta so snh khi gi trc, nu bt khi thi gian bng khi ci
t th ta tip tc so snh khi n v gi. Khi c 4 khi bng nhau th ng ra
cui cng ca mch so snh s ln mc 1. ng thi khi ta nhn nt t ch
bo thc kt hp vi ng ra mch so snh ln mc 1 th chung s reo ln.
Chung reo ln cho n khi khi thi gian ht bng khi ci t th chung s
tt. nu hai khi khng bng nhau thi chung s khng reo.

n: k thut s

Page 52

S mch so snh v chung:

1.7.

Khi iu khin t xa.

a. Mch pht:

Khi mt phm trn bn phm c nhn ( VD phm s 1), th chn 10(T1)

v chn 4 (K1) thng mch vi nhau ( cc chn T1,K1 trn IC 22499) , lc ny
ng ra ca IC 2249 trn chn 15 ( Txout) s pht lin tc mt chui xung in i
vo R1 vo cc B ca cp tran sistor Q1 (A1015), Q2 (C1815) ghp theo kiu
Dalintor ( tng dng cho led pht hng ngoi) nhm iu khin cho 1 con led
hng ngoi D1 pht chui xung in ny thnh chui nh sng hng ngoi (
tng ng vi chui tn hiu in trn) thng qua khng gian n IC thu hng
ngoi trn mch thu.
IC 2249 ca mch pht lm vic c cn phi c b to dao ng gm
thch anh 455Khz v 2 t 102 C1 v C2.

n: k thut s

Page 53

S mch pht:

b. Mch thu:
T mt hng ngoi nhn c chui nh sng hng ngoi t mch
pht th mt thu hng ngoi s chuyn thnh chui tn hiu in a ra
chn 2 ( Do chui tn hiu in t chn 2 ca led thu hng ngoi l ngc
vi chui tn hiu in ti ng ra ca IC 2249 trn mch pht : Chn 15 IC
2249 ln mc 1 th ng ra trn chn s 2 led thu hng ngoi li l mc
logic 0).
c th khi phc li ng chui tn hiu nh ban u th t chn 2
ca IC thu hng ngoi cn phi c mch o chui tn hiu li, thng qua
transistor Q3 C1815 c ly ra t cc C . ti y chui tn hiu c
khi phc v khuch i ln ng vi chui tn hiu ban u, sau c
a vo chn s 2 ( Rxin) ca IC 2248 iu khin mch chp hnh.
T Ic 22488 trn mch thu khi nhn c tn hiu tng ng vi
phm s 1 trn mch pht , IC 2248 s iu khin chn s 3 (HP1) ln
mc logic 1 a vo chn iu khin cp xung cho thit b.

n: k thut s

Page 54

S khi thu:

S khi thu hng ngoi

1.8.

Khi hin th nhit :

Chng trnh nhit :
/*****************************************************
Project : chuong trinh hien thi nhiet do tren led 7 doan.
Chip type
: ATmega16
Program type
: Application
AVR Core Clock frequency: 8.000000 MHz
Memory model
: Small
External RAM size
:0
Data Stack size
: 256
*****************************************************/
#include <mega16.h>

#include <delay.h>
#define ADC_VREF_TYPE
0xE0
unsigned
char
flash
maled[10]={0xc0,0xf9,0xa4,0
xb0,0x99,
0x92,0x82,0xf8,0x80,0x90};
unsigned char i,donvi,chuc;
unsigned
char
read_adc(unsigned
char
adc_input)
{
n: k thut s

ADMUX=adc_input
|
(ADC_VREF_TYPE & 0xff);
delay_us(10);
ADCSRA|=0x40;
while
((ADCSRA
&
0x10)==0);
ADCSRA|=0x10;
return ADCH;
}
void giaima()
{
donvi=i%10;
chuc=i/10;
}
Page 55

void hienthi()
{
PORTB=0xFE;
PORTD=maled[chuc];
delay_us(20);
PORTD=0xFF;
PORTB=0xFD;
PORTD=maled[donvi];
delay_us(20);
PORTD=0xFF;
PORTB=0xFB;
PORTD=0x9c;
delay_us(200);
PORTD=0xff;
PORTB=0xF7;
PORTD=0xc6;
delay_us(200);
PORTD=0xff;
}
void main(void)
{
PORTA=0x00;
DDRA=0x00;
PORTB=0x00;
DDRB=0x0F;

n: k thut s

PORTD=0x00;
DDRD=0xFF;

// ADC initialization
// ADC Clock frequency:
1000.000 kHz
// ADC Voltage Reference:
Int., cap. on AREF
// ADC Auto Trigger Source:
Free Running
// Only the 8 most significant
bits of
// the AD conversion result are
used
ADMUX=ADC_VREF_TYP
E & 0xff;
ADCSRA=0xA3;
SFIOR&=0x1F;
SPCR=0x00;
while (1)
{
i=read_adc(0);
hienthi();
giaima();
}
}

Page 56

S mch nhit .

n: k thut s

Page 57

CHNG II:

S MCH NGUYN L V MCH IN

2.1. S NGUYN L:

n: k thut s

Page 58

4
3
2
1

7408

U20C

VCC

4
3
2
1

VCC

J4

16

R1
R2
R3
R4
330
R5330
R6
330
R7
330
330
330

VCC

HEADER 4

14

16

R1
R2
R3
R4
330
R5330
R6
330
R7
330
330
330

v cc

7
6
4
2
1
9
10
5
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
p

7
6
4
2
1
9
10
5

VCC

a
b
c
d
e
f
g
p

gnd

a
b
c
d
e
f
g
p

VCC

7
6
4
2
1
9
10
5

nut nhan

S2

U2
LED7SEG

U2
LED7SEG

gnd

a
b
c
d
e
f
g
p

7
6
4
2
1
9
10
5

gnd

VCC

R8
R9
R10
R11
330
R12
330
R13
330
R14
330
330
330

v cc

U8

J3

74LS47
16

4
3
2
1
HEADER 4

U14

D4

74LS90

clk
R43

1k

VCC

7
7408

U20B

U8
74LS47
16

VCC

VCC

16

VCC

14

v cc

R15
R16
R17
R18
330
R19
330
R20
330
R21
330
330
330

v cc

7
6
4
2
1
9
10
5

VCC

7
6
4
2
1
9
10
5

VCC

VCC

J2

gnd

4
3
2
1

a
b
c
d
e
f
g
p

VCC

S1

LED7SEG

U4

a
b
c
d
e
f
g
p

7
6
4
2
1
9
10
5

nut nhan

LED7SEG

U4

gnd

VCC

a
b
c
d
e
f
g
p

7
6
4
2
1
9
10
5

gnd

VCC

R22
R23
R24
R25
330
RR26
330
R27
330
R28
330
330
330

16

v cc

J1

U10
VCC

HEADER 4

J1

74LS47
16

4
3
2
1

U16
74LS90

DIODE

VCC

D3

1k

R46

clk

74LS47

U10

4k7

R44

Q1
NPN BCE

R22
R23
R24
R25
330
RR26
330
R27
330
R28
330
330
330

v cc

4
3
2
1
HEADER 4

74LS90

U16

U20A
7408

2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16

VCC
14

J84

16

R29
R30
R31
R32
330
R33
330
R34
330
R35
330
330
330

v cc

1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15

7
6
4
2
1
9
10
5

VCC

a
b
c
d
e
f
g
p
U5

KHOI
GIAY

874LS47

U11

LED7SEG

gnd

PB0
PB1
PB2
PB3
PB4
PB5
PB6
PB7

74LS90

U17

PD0
PD1
PD2
PD3
PD4
PD5
PD6
PD7

R107
R108
R109
R110
R111
RES
R112
RES
R113
RES
R114
RES
RES
RES
RES
220

8
3

2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16

2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16

a
b
c
d
e
f
g
p

VCC

U23
7
6
4
2
1
9
10
5

7
6
4
2
1
9
10
5

gnd

VCC

1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15

R36
R37
R38
R39
330
R40
330
R41
330
R121
330
330
330

C2 22P
1

22P

1
C3

LED7SEG
Q8
Q7
Q6
Q5
Q4
Q3
Q2
Q1

a
b
c
d
e
f
g
p

HEADER 8X2

1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15

J104
HEADER
8X2

J105

LED7SEG

U6

ANODE
A*

KHOI
PHUT

LED7SEG

U3

U9
874LS47

J2

HEADER 4

U15
74LS90

VCC

KHOI
PHUT

874LS47

U9

LED7SEG

U3

a
b
c
d
e
f
g
p

gnd

4
3
2
1
HEADER 4

74LS90

U15

2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16

v cc

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

100uF

C2

2.2k

R26

R56
10k

C24
2
CAP NP

3
7
6

AVEF
AVCC
VCC

(ADC0) PA0
(ADC1) PA1
(ADC2) PA2
(ADC3) PA3
(ADC4) PA4
(ADC5) PA5
(ADC6) PA6
(ADC7) PA7

VCC

OUT

CV

RST

TRG

DSCHG
THR

RESET

S3

(SCL) PC0
(SDA) PC1
(TCK) PC2
(TMS) PC3
(TDO) PC4
(TDI) PC5
(TOSC1) PC6
(TOSC2) PC7

RES

40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33

32
30
10
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

RES

J21
JACK DC

NE555

19

5
2

22P

C1

VCC

RST

R31
10K

C10
104

a
b
c
d
e
f
g
p

R126 A1015

LED7SEG

U17
7
6
4
2
1
9
10
5

VCC

PA0

Q2Q2

VCC

3
4

U4

0.1u

C1

GND
VOUT
VS+

1
2

LM35/TO

Q3Q3
RES

S30
2

J11'

GND

VCC

C34

Q2

VCC

R44
4k7

Q5

NPN BCE

VCC

VCC

S1

nut nhan

R128 A1015

RES

C36
104

U21
LM7805
VI

IR LED

16

74LS85

U18

R46
1k

VCC

VCC

POWER

J1'
HEADER 4 HEADER 4

VCC

1000uF

SW SPST

U18
7
6
4
2
1
9
10
5

Q4

LED7SEG

a
b
c
d
e
f
g
p

LM35

R127 A1015

HEADER 2X2

J134

KHOI TAO XUNG

U22
7
6
4
2
1
9
10
5

R125 A1015

LED7SEG

a
b
c
d
e
f
g
p

ATMega16L

PD0 (RXD)
PD1 (TXD)
PD2 (INT0)
PD3 (INT1)
PD4 (OC1B)
PD5 (OC1A)
PD6 (ICP1)
(OC2) PD7

RESET
XTAL2
XTAL1
GND
GND1

PB0 (XCK/T0)
PB1 (T1)
PB2(INT2/AIN0)
PB3(OC0/AIN1)
PB4(SS)
PB5(MOSI)
PB6(MISO)
PB7(SCK)

U1

U12
VCC
74LS47
16

U18

PB0
PB1
PB2
PB3
PB4
PB5
PB6
PB7

9
12
13
11
31

74LS90

RST
XTAL2
XTAL1

14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

Q1
CRYSTAL
XTAL2

XTAL1

PD0
PD1
PD2
PD3
PD4
PD5
PD6
PD7

J85
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
HEADER 8X2

VO

R55

R1
10k

7
4

GND

C35
104

VCC

C32
100uF

220

R42

LED

D11

16
15

3
4
5
11
12

GND

PWM
Q1

1K

R54

220

R47

NPN BCE

VCC

tu xa 1
tu xa 2
tu xa 3
tu xa 4
tu xa 5

BT1

C12

U25

J3'

VCC

LS1

5W

U20

16

VCC

D4

LED

D8

SPEAKER

D8
LED bo hi?u

13
12
11
10
9

15

102

C15

R53
39K

3V

XT2
K1
CODE
K2
T3
K3 PT2248 T2
K4
T1
K5
K6

GND TXOUT
XT1

47uF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

74LS85

J4'

J44'

KHI SO
SANH

HEADER 4 HEADER 4

U19

16

VCC

J33'

VCC

74LS85

HEADER 4 HEADER 4

J2'

U22A
4013 VCC
14
6

U24A
14 VCC
74LS08

R48

J22'

U23

455 KHZ
Q1

HP1
HP2
HP3
SP2
SP1

GND
VCC
OSC
RXIN PT2249A
SP5
HP5
HP4
SP4
SP3

102

C5

102

C6

C16
CAP NP

8
7
6
9
10

khoi thu
hong
ngoai

C14
102

S30

S31

S32

VCC

HEADER 4 HEADER 4

VDD

D7
LED

Q3

R52
2.2k

VSS
R

VCC

NPN BCE

S33

S34

S35

GND

KHOI THOI GIAN

16

R15
R16
R17
R18
330
R19
330
R20
330
R21
330
330
330

KHOI CAI DAT

BO THUC

4k7

R45

Q2
NPN BCE

R8
R9
R10
R11
330
R12
330
R13
330
R14
330
330
330

v cc

14

HEADER 8X2

3
8
A*
ANODE

KHOI
GIO

U1
LED7SEG

U7
874LS47

U13
74LS90

VCC

VCC

KHOI
GIO

U1
LED7SEG

U7
874LS47
8

U20B
7408

clk

1k

R46

tu xa 5

gnd

J3

Q1
NPN BCE

4
3
2
1

2
1

8
3

VCC

4
3
2
1
HEADER 4

74LS90

U14

tu xa 2

v cc

VCC

74LS90

U13

tu xa 1

J4

HEADER 4

VCC

D4
VCC

4k7

R44

GND

D3

DIODE

4
3
2
1

3v

PNP BCE

Q6

VCC

Q7
NPN BCE

LED hong ngoai

D5

A>BO
A=BO
A<BO

4
3
2

ANODE
A*

S1

4
3
2
1

15
13
12
10

B3
B2
B1
B0

1
14
11
9

A3
A2
A1
A0

5
6
7

4
3
2

A>BI
A=BI
A<BI

4
3
2
1

15
13
12
10

A>BO
A=BO
A<BO

4
3
2

16

74LS85

U21

VCC

Page 59

n: k thut s

10

14

clk
R43

1k

1
14
11
9

A3
A2
A1
A0

5
6
7

4
3
2
1
A>BO
A=BO
A<BO

A>BI
A=BI
A<BI

4
3
2
1

15
13
12
10
5
D
Q
1

A3
A2
A1
A0
1

4
3
2
1
A>BO
A=BO
A<BO

1
14
11
9
2

3
CLK

B3
B2
B1
B0
3

4
3
2
1

15
13
12
10
5
6
7

A>BI
A=BI
A<BI
Q
2

1
14
11
9

A3
A2
A1
A0

4
3
2

13
12
11
10
9
15
14

2
data (O)
1

5
6
7

KHOI PHAT HONG

NGOAI

gnd
2

B3
B2
B1
B0

16
14

VCC
TEST

CODE3
CODE2
113
14
2

+5v
3

8
VCC
GND
1

A>BI
A=BI
A<BI
L7_4
3
8
A*
ANODE

1
2

B3
B2
B1
B0
L7_4

U20C

Q2
NPN BCE

4k7

R45

L7_3

L7_3
3
8
A*
ANODE
L7_2

L7_2
3
8
A*
ANODE

KHI NHIT
D

L7_1

14
15
9
10
11
12
13
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
LT
RBI
BI_RBO
8
4
2
1
3
5
4
6
2
1
7
11
8
9
12
CLKB
CLKA
1
14

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
1
2
4
8
BI_RBO
RBI
LT

7
1
2
6
4
5
3
12
9
8
11
R01
R02
R91
R92
2
3
6
7

QD
QC
QB
QA
R92
R91
R02
R01
7
6
3
2
L7_1
3
8
A*
ANODE

CLKB
CLKA
1
14

QA
QB
QC
QD
CLKA
CLKB
14
1

QD
QC
QB
QA

11
8
9
12
CLKB
CLKA
1
14

8
3

nut nhan

14
15
9
10
11
12
13
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
LT
RBI
BI_RBO
8
4
2
1
3
5
4
6
2
1
7
11
8
9
12
QD
QC
QB
QA

3
8
A*
ANODE
8
3
ANODE
A*

R92
R91
R02
R01
LT
RBI
BI_RBO
8
4
2
1
R92
R91
R02
R01

13
12
11
10
9
15
14
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
R01
R02
R91
R92
3
8
A*
ANODE

7
6
3
2
G
F
E
D
C
B
A

14
15
9
10
11
12
13
3
5
4
6
2
1
7
7
6
3
2

1
2
4
8
BI_RBO
RBI
LT

7
1
2
6
4
5
3
12
9
8
11
R01
R02
R91
R92
2
3
6
7

2
3
6
7

QD
QC
QB
QA
CLKB
CLKA
1
14

QA
QB
QC
QD
13
12
11
10
9
15
14
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
1
2
4
8
BI_RBO
RBI
LT
7
1
2
6
4
5
3
12
9
8
11
QA
QB
QC
QD
CLKA
CLKB
14
1

10

7408

VCC

S2

CLKA
CLKB
14
1

11
8
9
12
CLKB
CLKA

14
15
9
10
11
12
13
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
LT
RBI
BI_RBO
8
4
2
1

3
5
4
6
2
1
7

3
8
A*
ANODE
8
3

R92
R91
R02
R01
1
14

3
8
A*
ANODE

7
6
3
2
11
8
9
12
QD
QC
QB
QA

13
12
11
10
9
15
14
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
1
2
4
8
BI_RBO
RBI
LT

7
1
2
6
4
5
3

ANODE
A*
14
15
9
10
11
12
13
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
LT
RBI
BI_RBO
8
4
2
1

3
5
4
6
2
1
7
R92
R91
R02
R01
7
6
3
2

12
9
8
11
R01
R02
R91
R92
2
3
6
7

R01
R02
R91
R92
2
3
6
7

1
2
4
8
BI_RBO
RBI
LT

QA
QB
QC
QD
CLKA
CLKB

QA
QB
QC
QD
CLKA
CLKB
14
1

A
B
C
D
E
F
G

13
12
11
10
9
15
14
7
1
2
6
4
5
3
12
9
8
11
14
1

ANODE
A*

nut nhan

Q1

tu xa 3

tu xa 4

2.2. S mch in:

2.2.1 mch in khi thi gian( gi-pht-giy) v khi ngu n:

2.2.2 mch in khi ci t bo thc v khi thu h ng ngoi:

n: k thut s

Page 60

2.2.3 mch in khi so snh v chung:

2.2.4 mch in mch pht h ng ngoi:

2.2.5 mch in khi nhit :

n: k thut s

Page 61

 n: k thut s

Page 62

PHN III: TNG KT

Ngy nay, ng h s c s dng rt rng ri trong cuc sng. thit
k v thi cng mch ng h s c nhiu cch khc nhau. Chng em p dng
mt trong nhng phng php l s dng kin thc B mn K thut s
hon thnh n ny. Trong qu trnh thit k v thi cng n chng em
rt ra c rt nhiu kinh nghim v kin thc b ch cho qu trnh lm vic sau
ny l:
+ Lm vic nhm hiu qu.
+ Bit r hn v nhng IC s v nguyn l hot ng ca chng.
+ C kh nng phn tch , thit k v thi cng mch to ra sn phm hon
chnh.
+Bit pht hin li v chnh sa li.

Bn cnh chng em cn c nhiu li m c nhm vn cha tm ra cch

gii quyt l:
+ Cha thit k c khi ngy thng nm dng lch v m lch.
+Thc hin phn cm bin nhit cha c tt v cn s dng IC Atmega16.
+ n khng c gn v cn s dng nhiu dy bus lien kt cc khi li
vi nhau.
Chng em chn thnh cm n thy oVn Phng ch bo tn tnh cc
thc mc cng nh hng dn chng em hon thnh tt n ny. Chng em
cng cm n tt c cc thy ,c xem qua n v ho chng em nhng gp
rt kinh nghim.
Nhm SV thc hin:
NGUYN VN BO
PHM XUN TRUNG
L QUC LU
V TH THU HNG
L VN ANH SCH.

n: k thut s

Page 63

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Gio trnh k thut s,
2. Gio trnh thc hnh k thut s,trng cao ng Cng Thng tp.H Ch
Minh.
3. Website: - http:// www.google.com.vn
-http://www.alldatasheet.com
-http://www.dientuvietnam.net

n: k thut s

Page 64