MOLECULAR

MECHANISMS OF
INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE
Johari Jalinas (P52191)
MSc Entomology (Coursework)
 INTRODUCTION
A pesticide is any substance or mixture of
substance intended for preventing, destroying,
repelling or mitigating any pest.
 More than 500 different species of arthropods
are resistant
 Pesticides used have led to the development of
insecticide resistance.
 Development of insecticide resistance
populations is a typical evolutionary process
driven by survival of the fittest individuals.
GENERALIZED PROCESS OF INSECTICIDE
RESISTANCE DEVELOPMENT
OVERVIEW OF RESISTANCE
MECHANIMS

The intoxication insecticide by the

insect
1. Penetration of barrier tissues
2. Distribution, storage, and
metabolism in internal tissues
3. Molecular interaction with the
ultimate target site
 Mutations that affect the rate
constants of any these processes may
reduce either the delivery of the
ultimate toxicant to its target or the
affinity of the toxicant-target
interaction
RESISTANCE MECHANISM
1. Reduced cuticular penetration of toxicants
2. Enhanced oxidative metabolism by cytochrome
P450 dependent monooxygenases, hydrolases,
or glutathione-S-transferases
3. Reduced sensitivity of mutant
acetlycholinesterases to Organaphosphate and
Carbamate insecticides.
TARGET-SITE MECHANISMS

 Alterations of amino acids responsible for

insecticide binding at its site of action cause the
insecticide to be less effective or even
ineffective.

Detoxification Mechanisms

 The enzymes responsible for detoxification of

xenobiotics in living organisms are transcribed
by members of large multigene families of
esterases, oxidases, and GST
A. Single amino acid mutation in the IIS6 membrane-spanning region of the sodium
channel gene that confers target-site DDT-pyrethroid resistance

B. Regulatory element allows induction of insecticide detoxifying oxidase

and esterase resistance genes
C.Esterase A2-B2 amplicon. These resistance esterase genes lie 5' end to 5' end
within the same amplification unit
 CONCLUSION
 Theunderstanding of Molecular
Mechanism of Insecticide Resistant is very
important for the management of Insect
Pests.
Thank You