Select Statements types

Select Single and Select up to 1

row
What is the difference between Select Single and Select up to 1 rows in
SAP ABAP ?
These statements are the part of reading data from database table.
By using SELECT SINGLE and SELECT UPTO 1 ROWS we can able to read single record from
a database table .
SELECT SINGLE

SELECT UP TO 1 ROWS

Used to read exact record from database table.

Used to read appropriate record from database table.

To read exact record from database table we need to We can read appropriate record from database table, we m
provide all key fields.
need to provide all key fields.

This statement should be used only if all the key

fields are available.

This statement should be used only if we have some key fi

key fields.

Syntax :SELECT SINGLE * FROM DATABASETABLE

INTO WA WHERE ALL KEY FIELDS

Syntax: SELECT * FROM DATABASETABLE INTO WA UP

ROWS WHERE ALL KEY FIELDS/SOME FIELDS.
ENDSELECT.

This is very fast when compared to SELECT UPTO

This is slow.

Example SELECT SINGLE

DATA : WA_MARA TYPE MARA. " Declare work area

SELECT SINGLE * FROM MARA INTO WA_MARA WHERE MATNR = '0001'. " Read exact
record from MARA table

write : wa_mara-matnr, wa_mara-mtart, wa_mara-meins. " Print data to screen

Example SELECT UPTO

DATA : WA_MARA TYPE MARA. " Declare work area

SELECT * FROM MARA INTO WA_MARA UP TO 1 ROWS WHERE MTART = 'FERT'. " Read
appropriate record from MARA table here MTART is not a keyfield

ENDSELECT.

We can read multiple records using SELECT UPTO

DATA : IT_MARA TYPE TABLE OF MARA. " Declare internal table
DATA : WA_MARA TYPE MARA. " Declare work area

SELECT * FROM MARA INTO WA_MARA UP TO 50 ROWS WHERE MTART = 'FERT'. " Read 50
appropriate records from MARA table here MTART is not a keyfield
ENDSELECT.
LOOP AT IT_MARA INTO WA_MARA.
write :/ wa_mara-matnr, wa_mara-mtart, wa_mara-meins. " Print data to screen
ENDLOOP.

Select with Joins in SAP ABAP

Select with Joins in SAP ABAP, What are the disadvantages of select
with joins in SAP ABAP Programming ?
SELECT WITH JOINS statement is used to read data simultaneously from multiple database
tables .
As per performance standards, SELECT WITH JOINS for more than 3 tables is not advisable, as
it puts heavy load on database
Syntax :

SELECT T1~FIELD1
T1~FIELD2
T2~FIELD1
T2~FIELD2
INTO TABLE <ITAB>
FROM T1 INNER JOIN T2 ON ( T1~FIELD1 = T2~FIELD )
WHERE T1~FIELD = <SOME VALUE> .

** Here T1 and T2 are database tables, FIELD1 and FIELD2 are fields in respective tables

Example of using SELECT JOINS in SAP

ABAP
**DATA DECLERATIONS
TYPES: BEGIN OF T_MARA,
MATNR LIKE MARA-MATNR, "FIELD1 FROM MARA TABLE
MTART TYPE MARA-MTART, "FIELD2 FROM MARA TABLE
MAKTX TYPE MAKT-MAKTX, "FIELD1 FROM MAKT TABLE
SPRAS TYPE MAKT-SPRAS, "FIELD2 FROM MAKT TABLE
END OF T_MARA.

DATA: IT_MARA TYPE TABLE OF T_MARA .

DATA : WA_MARA TYPE T_MARA.

SELECT MARA~MATNR
MARA~MTART
MAKT~MAKTX
MAKT~SPRAS
INTO TABLE IT_MARA
FROM MARA INNER JOIN MAKT ON ( MARA~MATNR = MAKT~MATNR )
UP TO 50 ROWS.

LOOP AT IT_MARA INTO WA_MARA.

WRITE : / WA_MARA-MATNR, WA_MARA-MTART, WA_MARA-MAKTX, WA_MARA-SPRAS .
ENDLOOP.

Select for all entries in SAP ABAP

What are the advantages of select for all entries in SAP ABAP
programming
SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES is the best alternative for SELECT WITH JOINS, this statement is
very helpful for reading data from more than 2 tables.
The load on database will be very less.
Syntax :

SELECT <FIELDS> FROM <DBTABLE1> INTO TABLE <ITAB1>

WHERE <CONDITION>.
SELECT <FIELDS> FROM <DBTABLE2> INTO <ITAB2> FOR ALL ENTRIES IN <ITAB1>
WHERE <FIELD1> = <ITAB1>-FIELD1.
**HERE WE ARE READING DATA 2 DATABASE TABLES, SEE WHERE CONDITIONS OF
SECOND SELECT STATEMENT

Ensure before using SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES

Parent internal table must not be empty ( If it is empty, where condition fails and it will get
all records from database).

Remove all duplicate entries in parent internal table.

Here is the example of using SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES in real-time applications
**DATA DECLERATIONS
DATA : IT_MARA TYPE TABLE OF MARA.
DATA : IT_MAKT TYPE TABLE OF MAKT .
**GET DATA FROM MARA TABLE
SELECT * FROM MARA INTO TABLE IT_MARA
WHERE MATNR = '0001'.
**SORT MARA TABLE, TO DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES THE TABLE MUST BE SORTED IN
ASCENDING ORDER
SORT IT_MARA ASCENDING .

**DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM IT_MARA COMPARING ALL FIELDS

DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM IT_MARA COMPARING ALL FIELDS.

**TO USE SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES, THE PARENT INTERNAL TABLE MUST NOT BE EMPTY
SO CHECK IT
IF IT_MARA IS NOT INITIAL. "CHECK PARENT INTERNAL TABLE
**SECOND SELECT STATEMENT TO GET DATA FROM MAKT (MATERIAL DESCRIPTIONS), HE
RE WE ARE GETTING DATA
**FROM MAKT FOR ALL THE RECORDS IN IT_MARA, SEE WHERE CONDITION SHOULD BE P
ARENT INTERNAL TABLE
SELECT * FROM MAKT INTO TABLE IT_MAKT
FOR ALL ENTRIES IN IT_MARA
WHERE MATNR = IT_MARA-MATNR.
ENDIF.

Select into corresponding fields

Using select into corresponding in sap abap, disadvantages of select
into corresponding statement in SAP ABAP
Select into corresponding is used to get data from a data base table into a user defined internal
table or work area with out specifying the list of fields.
Syntax: SELECT * FROM <DATABASE TABLE>
INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE <INTERNAL TABLE> .

As per SAP standards select into corresponding statement is not advisable as it effects
the performance of an application because it has to compare each field with database.

Example using select into corresponding

The below example explains how to use select into corresponding statement to get data into a
database table with out specifying list of fields in select statement.
REPORT ZSAPN_SELECT_CORRESPONDING.
TYPES : BEGIN OF TY_MARA,
"USER DEFINED TYPE WITH FOUR FIELDS
MATNR TYPE MARA-MATNR,
MTART TYPE MARA-MTART,
MBRSH TYPE MARA-MBRSH,
MEINS TYPE MARA-MEINS,
END OF TY_MARA.
DATA : IT_MARA TYPE TABLE OF TY_MARA . "INTERNAL TABLE FOR USER DEFINED
TYPE<br>DATA : WA_MARA TYPE TY_MARA . "WORK AREA FOR USER DEFINED
TYPE<br>SELECT * FROM MARA
INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE IT_MARA
UP TO 50 ROWS.<br>LOOP AT IT_MARA INTO WA_MARA.
WRITE :/ WA_MARA-MATNR, WA_MARA-MTART, WA_MARA-MBRSH, WA_MARA-MEINS.
"DISPLAY OUT PUT<br>ENDLOOP.