Device in Panini School of Sanskrit Grammar A STUDY

Saurashtra University
Re Accredited Grade B by NAAC

(CGPA 2.93)
Pathak, Dhanvantarikumar K., 2009,
, thesis PhD, Saurashtra University
http://etheses.saurashtrauniversity.edu/id/eprint/303
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The Author
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(YOGAVIBHAGA (Device) IN PANINI
.
SCHOOL OF SANSKRIT GRAMMAR :
A STUDY)
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21 - 42
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(27), #nF{F{uF bw~ VqF (28), bFhLu{ {F~L
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#nF{F{u hYAF#F (44), mYuuF bq{FV (44),
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43 - 73
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74 - 82
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83 - 270
83 - 132
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5.2.
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133 - 203
5.2. F{F~F_ {FVhYFV (134), bFuF>` (181 )

5.2.
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204 - 270
5.3. F hA F F ~F _ {F V hYFV (205 ), j{F\ F ~F _

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271 - 272
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273 - 286
bh~hAn - 3
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287 - 289
bh~hAn - 4
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290 - 301
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302 - 312
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313 - 320
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# #{{u
YOGAVIBHAGA (Device) IN PANINIAN

.
SCHOOL OF SANSKRIT GRAMMAR :
A STUDY
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F{ N. bFhLu{ {F~LuF bqh\ Ntu hYFu VF|w~ {F~L ADu
#F ~ \TY N Vyakarana means "undoing", i.e. analysis and Panini's
grammar is
.
intended to be a linguistic analysis : it undoes words and undoes sentences

which consist of words; it examines the component parts of a word, and
therefore teaches us the properties of base and affix, and all the linguistic
phenomena connected with both, it examines the relation, in sentences, of
one word to another, and likewise unfolds all the linguistic phenomena which
21
are inseparable from the meeting of words.
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bn & {F TYF N. YFh ~FF{LF bL bqfh-bqX{{ hYFVFX
{F~LAF bwLtbL hYh\ uF bn hutA N.23 mq F L Vq F
bwYtuF YF {F~Lbqh\ F~ bqF~uF bhYFVuF & m N N
F#FF bn b {F N.24 #F bqh\ bhYFVu hYf Ft {FuF
hu~_F #u bNhuF FF{F { N. 25 bqfh-bqX{{ hYFV F~F
FFu #jYF{Fu \F bq ja { YF hutA h~{\hFF {F
N.26 YFu \YthYF#Fu w FuYFF #F{F N. ufh uF>` N - `Q
t\ # $27 YFu ~L {F~LAFu #F bq{FNu FuYFF #F{ N. VYFu
bNh {F~L AFuF bq{FNuF AFtYF N - {Q \ ~h Q \ #
uQ`f $ { Q`Qh D@{cf $ 28 YFuF \~L F YFVFu
6
~uF ~YFF #FY N YF & #FF{t {FuF hu~_F bL {F N. 29

{F~LAFu #F bqFu b~b~FuF ~FXt bFhLhuhuuF {F~LVq
#nF{F{F TYF N. #F {F~Lu FuYWuF \YFtXfn uuF FuYFF
#F{F N. #F F~L hY~uF FFYFhuF uF #FFt{F N. #nF{F{F
bq {F h\FjF FFF ADFu, #u ADu bqfh-bqX{{ hYFVF
bfQf ~ \TY N. bFhLhuhuuF #F Fu {F~LVquF hYVYF~ bh~{
#FbL mT bq~LF ~A.
2.3.
3.0.
bFhLhuuF bwYt\wh~#F
{F~LAFu b~b~F YF bNuF &~YFF \hYh\

V . u wE Ft #FV ~YFF #FY N. bFhLhuu {F~L #nF{F{
{F~LAFuF ~FXt AFtY N. bFhLhuhuuF #F {F~L u Q _ L
bqF~uF \FhX{F \FYA bFA. #F L #nF{F{u ~uF ~ Y
bwYt\wh~#F F~F VYh FFE{ \FVquF bFFuF {F~LF {iN &b{FV
{Ft F{, wm N YFFhY N. \f{F~LAF bFhLhuuF \{ bwYt
N \hYF\ bFH{ .
\f{F~LAFuF bqh\ hYFu b. {h`h~ F\ bFhLhu bwYt
{F #u bqFhAF{ YV~ \FhX{F &f T`Q o , T`Q o ` YV ~
59 FFhY F u \w h uF h @G LD@{cY @ FtL\ uFuF Vq F
#Fb N.30 |F. YF\YA~L #VqYF uF bqh\ Vq utct`@~` m{LA
VqF bFhLhu bwYt {F 65 #FF{Ftu uF>` #Fb N. #F bFhLhu bwYt {F
FFhY #FF{Ft #F bqFL N.31
3.1.
T`Qo, 2. T`Qo`, 3. c, 4. Q, 5. L{Q,

6. tuYt~, 7. \{@#, 8. , 9. EQ E {#, 10. #,
11. {c, 12. t, 13. u, 14. utYt, 15. c`m,
16. @I[> `, 17. @I, 18. @_, 19. @ou, 20. @ T I[> ,
21. @, 22. @ \ ~u] , 23. @Q]>t@, 24. , 25. ~, 26. L,
27. tY{f , 28. @c , 29. L]@I, 30. Lr>t@, 31. LtE{@#,
32. , 33. `t, 34. uh~#, 35. uH@{t, 36. u#, 37. J~t,
1.
J~c, 39. mD, 40. m{N, 41. I[M>@Q, 42. Y@,

43. h @#, 44. @, 45. [> m @{, 46. , 47. ,
48. Htc, 49. t@, 50. Qt, 51. Dt[>, 52. YL~f,
53. Y@r>`, 54. Y@uMtc, 55. Y@~#, 56. Y@, 57. Y@tuLG,
58. Yh`, 59. Y`, 60. Y`@, 61. h@G , 62. Q`@, 63. ~>t,
64. bQ r > `, 65. \{L $
38.
#FFuF F #FF{Ft F Y{F~LF N F F #FF{Ft F

u~F N. #F \whFuF F #FF{Ft Y{F~LF #u u~F bL N.
bFhLhu# #nF{F{F \ Y{F~LFuF & [ {Ft N. #F \
Y{F~LF #F bqFL N.
3.2.
tuYt~, 2. @ou, 3. , 4. ~, 5. @ c ,
6. m{N, 7. Y@r> `, 8. Y@, 9. Q ` @, 10. bQ r > ` $
1.
#nF{F{ &b~uF F\FhX{uF #{{u {F #FY N bFhLhu#

L ~u #FF{FtuF uFF hYb AFtYYF F {Ft N. b~ # uF>`Y
N~ N {F~ \wF hYbAt , L{f YV~ b \F #FF{tuF
uFF {F F{ X{F #FF{t bFhLhu, #FF{t bqX{ bFFuF \F~ (uM)AFtYYF
#FF{tuF uFF ~F F{ N. bFhLu{ {F~LAFuF #YFtu hYFuFuF
hYb AFtYF , L{f YV~ bF \F {F bFhLhu #FF{FtuF
uFF ~ N, X{F #F FFbq{FVu hjuF ( Difference in usage)
AFtYYF FV N. #F &b~F bFhLhu# #nF{F{F #FF{FtuF uFF
hYuF F f (&~FbuF #FF{FtuF ), u f (bwY{ bqAuF
#FF{FtuF ), cf, @QAf YV~ bFuF bq{FV {Ft N, X{F bFhLhu
bqAuF FFbq{FVFu uF>` #Fb N #u hju hju {F~L\bqF{
( School of Sanskrit Grammar) AFtY N.
#nF{F{F bFhLhu F~F uFF bFF #FF{Ft \F~ (uM)AFtYYF
hYb (tmA )AFtYYF f N \w FuF hutA \F u Nm
wE AF{. 32
3.2.1.
tuYt~
2. @ou
3. ~
1.
5. @ ` f
6. m{N
7. Y@r> `
4.
8.
Y@
Q`@
10. bQ r > `
* c f
* f
9.
* @Q Af
* u f
* Q A f
4.0.
(uM )
I-ii-25 (uM), #u ~ \F VIII-iii-67 (uM)
VI-iii-61 ( uM ) , VI-i-64 ( tmA ) \F
VII-iii-99 ( uM )
VIII-iii-20 ( uM ) ~ \F VII-iii-99 ( uM )
VI-i-130 ( tmA )
VII-ii-63 ( tmA )
III-iv-111 ( tmA ) , VIII-iii-18 ( uM ) ,
VIII-iv-50 ( uM )
I-i-16 (tmA ) , VI-i-127 ( uM ) ,
VIII-iii-19 ( tmA ) , VIII-iv-51 ( uM )
V-iv-112 ( uM )
VI-i-123 ( uM )
VII-iii-49 ( t` ) , VIII-iv-52 ( uM )
III-iv-19 ( tmA ) , IV-i-153 ( t ) ,
IV-i-157 ( uM ) , IV-iii-32 ( tmA ) ,
VII-iii-16 ( tmA )
VIII-iii-102 ( tmA , u{ )
I-i-75 ( tmA , mAG t E ), iii-I-90 ( tmA ) ,
III-iv-18 ( tmA ) , IV-i-43 ( tmA ) ,
IV-i-160 (uM), V-iii-80 (uM), V-iii-94 (uM),
V-iv-101 ( tmA ) , VIII-ii-46 ( tmA )
VII-iii-100 ( t` ) , VIII-iii-22 ( t` )
VI-i-92
bFhLhuu F \FhX{
#FN 2600 Yt bF {F bFhLhu huu F \FhX{ hYA TLYF

F #FbL bF\ #X{j #b \FùF N. NF uF Vq #nF{F{u #F`F~
hYFuF Fu N bFhLhu bF bqF~uF \FhX{ bh~h F. #nF{F{F
bqFhLhu \FhX{uF bF bqF~F #Fb N. #F bF bqF~u \FhX{ u Nm
9
wE AF{.
G >
2. u Q _ L
3. uL
4. @G L
5. DL
1.
IV-ii-7
IV-iii-101
IV-iii-115
IV-iii-87
IV-iii-66
bFhLhu huu F bF bqF~uF #F \FhX{u #nF{F{uF FF~F

#F ~ \TY N.
4.1.
4.1.1.
G (IV-ii-7)
G> bqF~u \FhX{ `Fht \FhX{ . F~{ b~b~F bqFL anF

h#F# uF hut #~LF N \FhX{u Atu { , u G> \FhX{
~ #FYFF #FY N. #F bqF~uF \FhX{F YuF \w_F, #uYFF,
\FYuF V{ F YV~uF \FYA F{ N.
4.1.2.
u Q _ L (IV-iii-101 )
#FV F #FY b~b~F bqFz #u F #FF{t Y| #{Fbu

#t{F{Fu bqFhA ~YFF #FY \FhX{u u Q _ L \FhX{ YFF
#FY N. \w. IV-iii-101 &b~ @tY@> N - u @ AQ c Q _ Lh u Q _ L] LQ ,
` L] @GLf "@GLQ Q' (IV-iii-87) F`Q` LLf $ #F Yfh &b~ bN~F~
~ N - u`Q ` D `Q ` u @ AQ c u @ tYLt # $
u@AQcQtL `f Q Q Btu @>@t@h QLttm# uQLQ Ltu

LQ# uQ ` mtL $ N #F \w &b~u FhAFYfh &b~ F F
#FF{t hNujamh u F F N - u@A# tLY#, D`h
LtuLh uQ_Lt]LQ $ ` L] @GLttL $ ` L] @GL]utLh uQ_Lt]LQ$
u Q _ L \FhX{F f L{ N Y t uF h ~{, [ #u FbF hYFVF ,
mq F L Vq F #u b\w Vq F u F \FY A F{ N . #> uF > ` bF mFm
# N Y \FhX{ hju h\wF #u u\wFuF \FYA bL #F bqF~uF
\FhX{F ~YFF #F{F N . #F YFu F~L # Y FV N h \ w F
10
#u u \ w F u F ~h{F h #F # b~ b ~F #u Y \ FhX{u Vh~Fu #u \ ~

#F \FhX{u ~uF ~ A #u \{ NF #F \FhX{uF \FY A Y h
\FhX{F {F A. 33 Fu #FF{t bFhLhu F~F ~F{ Vq > uF
\FY A bL u Q _ L \FhX{F {F N . F~{ b~ b ~F# bFhLhuuF Vq u
Y h Vh~F T { F N .
4.1.3.
uL (IV-iii-115 )
Fu h#F Y| Sn \FhX{u uL \FhX{ VLYFF #F{ N.

uL \FhX{u \TYF @tY@ \w. IV-iii-115 &b~ Yfh N - t`tu
uQYQ` Lf, uLf, tmt# $ N \w. IV-iii-116 &b~
N - utLf @G Lf , tB`Q Lf , uLf , F`Q tYQA# $ #FhbAh, AFF{u, FAfXu, bFhLhu YV~ #FF{Ft Y| N \FhX{u
bqYu { N, uF \FYA uL \FhX{F {F N. #F bqF~uF \FhX{u
#F #Fh{F\F ~ bL #FYYFF #F{ N. bFhLhu YV~ #FF{FtuF
\FhX{u u Q _ L #u uL # mju bqF~u \FhX{ VLYFF #F{ N.
bFhLhuu {F~L F Y YFu F AFFFuF #{{u F N u>
b~ F~ YFuF #{{u F N~ N. #F &h ~ bNh N Qut{Ah \h Yf $34 #F VqFuF #o{F\ ~uF~F hYF#F VquF
bqY_F #FF{tuF uF #FFF (IV-ii-65), N bFhLhuhuu #nF{F{uF
#o{F\ ~uF~F hYF#F "> @ # utc`#' ~ #u Y{FqbuF \
#{F{uF {F~LuF #o{F\ ~uF~F hYF#F "Y@ Vu#' ~
#FFF F.
4.1.4.
@GL (IV-iii-87)
#F bqF~u \FhX{ uF FtuF uF bq~L hY{ &b~ #FF.

bFhLhu #F \FhX{uF &F~L ~ tYY] @ , m, F``
#u m VqFu F N (IV-iii-88). FhAFYfh Y`F m, t{t
#u L uFuF VqFuF & ~ N ( IV-iii-87). N FhAF \w. IViii-116 &b~u Yf h F & F ~LF ~ {# ~Q @ #, \ @ ] uQ #,
m@]{r>Q # #u ~f@# VquFF #Fb N.
11
4.1.5.
DL (IV-iii-66)
DL bq F~uF \FhX{F F h ~ ~F{ F `Fht #u F h
hY{ &b~uF \FhX{uF \FY A ~ YFF #F{F N .35 #F \FhX{ hYFVF

Y h \FhX{ &b~uF Vq F , AF{ Vq F , YFFt \FhX{ YV ~ u F \FY A
F F .
bFhLhu Y| #nF{F{F AFtYF \FhX{uF bF hYFVFu #F`F~ bFhLhuu
F\FhX{u Ft #> \bF ~A.
Yu m}fQ, AFu, b AFF#F #u mF #u F|w_{ NY
VFLAFF#F bFhLhu bh~h F. N #F {NYtu h~, Y~j,
h|, &, [ #u Fb AFF#F, \FYuF #Fht #u V{ hYFVF #u
#YtY uF F #u hbzbF #YF m ~LF hYA TLF F. bFhLhu mqFLVq FF
\ #{F{uF FhAE mqFL #u F\ #{F{uF #~{ mqFLuF &
~ N(IV-iii-105). bFhLhu #umqFL ADuF bq{FV ~ N. FhAFYfh
bqFL mqFLVqF NYF VqF #umqFL YF{ N. hhmA #u uF
bFhLhuu mfF~J{ #u NFF{ &bhuFuF bh~{ F.
Yh \FhX{ h\YF{uF #j{ \FhX{F bFhLhuu YFhYF, #VhYF,
hAF \FhX{, {F~LAF, thYF YV~ \FhX{uF bh~{ F. #F hYVF
V{uFh VL ( IV-iii-73) &b~ TL AF{ N. h\wF h AD
mqFL \j{F\ F YFb~YFF #F{F N. #F &b~F uFbF[ ( III-ii-21),
F #u VFFF ~F{F VqF ( III-ii-23) #nF{F{F & bFH{F N.
FF{ #u FhAF bqFu #F{Fu Vq Fu uF`> #Fb N. Vq F { (T`)
#u tLu &F~LF ~ #Fb N. bNh FF{F E, ]`QE{
#u m { VqFu #F{Fh{F VqF ~ &f ~ N. VYFu bFhLhuu
F \FhX{ # Y \AFù FV YF ~\bq NF V~ hY{ N. #>
# F uF #FNF bh~{ #FbYFuF bq{Xu {Ft N.
4.2.
5.0.
#nF{F{
bFhLhuhuuF {F~L Vq #nF{F{ ~ #FF{ N. #F Vq #F[

#{F{FF hY_ N. u #nF{F{ #n #hnF #Y At {
12
N. bFhLhu# uF {F~Lu bqYu { N. u Yfh\w bL YFF

#FY N. bFhLhuuF FF Y{F~LF #u, b~F YV~ F hYFVFF hYA
~h ~FF F. #F FhYFVF hYA FuF Y{F~LFF F. bFhLhu
#F hYYF w~ ~}F F. FhAFYfh uFu #nF{F{u YfhF #F
{F~Lu #F {F~L ~ #FYFF #F{ N.
5.1.
#nF{F{ # \wm Vq
bFhLhuu #nF{F{ bq{XuFY F wm N bqh\h bF N. #F

{F~L VqF \wAuF ~FXt TYF N #u #F VquF #F`F~ N
\wu {F{F muFYYFF #FY N.36 \w # \F Y`F~ A_{ ~ \hz
~ YF_{, Nu #j{F Y`F~ ADFF wY b|. #FNFF #FNF ADFF
Y`F Y` #tu ~wN ~ u \w ~ #FF{ N. ADba FA \wu
#F ~ {F{Fm ~ N 37
u{hth {ftLQ]f $
LQ m `Bh M h M tQ t # $$
5.2.
\wuF bqF~F
bq{XuFY bFhLu{{F~LuF bqFL N. \w ~uF bL FYh\ ~YF

bFhLhu F~F bq{_ bq{W_#F Fu # bq{W_ N. bFhLhu# bFFuF
{F~LF \wuF bqF~F hYA } u. b~ b~b~F bqFL #nF{F{uF
\wFu N bqF~uF YF~YFF #F{F N. #nF{F{uF \wFu \~uF #u
F{t TF bFhLhuu #F \w bqF~F #hbq N bn ~ \ AF{ N.
Fj {F~LuF FF~ u YfhF #F N bqF~uF \wF hYA #F bqFL
N 38
h ut{mA ttt` $
tLQYQ&t@{o A[>fth M~cf $$
#F N bqF~uF \wF hYA wF T#.
5.2.1.
\ F \w (Technical Term)
~ AF{Vq ( Book on Science) bFFuF Vq F hYA #t

`~FY \F#Fu huh ~ N. #F \F#FuF {FYFh~ FFF bq{FV F
13
FF u. #F bqF~u \F#Fu bFh~Fh \F#F ~ #FYFF #FY

N. bFhLhuu {F~L # Fu AF{ Vq N. AFF FY, bnF #u
F\F F bFh~Fh \F#F bq{FT F{ N. bFhLhu# bL #F
bFFuF {F~LVq #nF{F{F #F bqF~u bFh~Fh \F#F bq{F N.
bFh~Fh \F#F ~wN ~F \wu \F\w YFF #FY N. F. . Gt{f
(I-i-1) \wF Gt \Fu L #FbYFF #F{ N. bFhLhu# #nF{F{F
m` 163 \F#FuF bq{FV {Ft N.39 #nF{F{F m`F 289 \F
\wF bq{FT{F N. 40 bFhLhu# #nF{F{uF bq #{F{F FF FVu
bFh~Fh \F#Fu Ft ~ N. #F #nF{F{uF FVqF #F #{F{u
\F{F{ ~ #FFY N.41
5.2.2.
bh~FF \w (Meta rule)
\wu {F{ #tu ~YFF #u uF bq{FVF bFh~FF \w &b{FV

N. #F \wu hYAF # N #F \w {F #FbYFF #F{ F{ u #FVuF
bFNuF \w F u F #t uF b mu N . b N~ II-i-1 &b~ #F
mFm NLFYF N - ut{L# uM u{ Dt\LQ L{Q mHLQ
@ ` ut{mA $ \w uF #t u F {F Vw YF| F (t` ) F
F{ X{F bh~FF\w #t uu bn ~ #Fb N . ADba F A
N 42
D_L`]_~QYQ_Lhtu@tY@# $
ut{mA# uLQ umML# ]t`TL# $$
F. . tQ]c# ( VII-iii-86) \wuF #t F{ N. tf uF FuF ]c #FA
F{ N. tf ADF f, F, f L YLFt N. L YLFtF _{F YLtuF FuF
]c #FA ~YF ? #> #F bqF~uF VwYF|F F F{ N. #> F@Q ]cG
(I-i-3) #Y bh~FF \w b F{ N. #F \wuF #t F{ N {F
]c #u GtuF hutA ]c #u Gtu hY`Fu { F{ X{F ]c #u Gt
F@f uF FuF F{ N. Y tfuF f , F #u f L YLFtF F YLt F@f N
#u ]c AD ]c u hY`Fu #> { FYF tfu F F YLtuF FuF ]c
#FA F{ N, YF #t bn mu N.
14
\F\w #u bh~FF \w mju hju N. NF bFhLhu# #nF{F{uF

bq #{F{F \F\w #u bh~FF\wuF \bF[ {Ft N, F~L \F\w
#u bh~FF\w b~Ft N. # hYh`\w F N. \F\w #u bh~FF\w
Yi uuF \m N. # bFhLhu bFFuF {F~LF \F\w bN u
\F \m` bh~FF\w #Fb N. \F\w #u bh~FF\w Yi YuF
FY # N \F\w N \w \F \mh` F{, \wuF FV mu
u {F~ bh~FF\w u \F \mh`\wuF FV mu T{ N, #FtQ
hYh`\w #u bh~FF\w Yi #YF_{F bF{ N. F. . F@Q ] c G
(I-i-3) bh~FF\w N. tQ ] c # ( VII-iii-82) hYh`\w N. #F \wF ]c
\FuF bq{FV {F N. #F tf uF F@f uF FuF ]c #FA F{ N. #>
bh~FF\w F@Q ] c G uF F@# AD tQ ] c # \wuF FV mu NA #u
t# F@# ]cQ mtL #Y #YF_{F bFA, {F~ Qf]c# (I-i-2)
\ F\w F ]c \FuF #t #Fb N. tQ ] c #uF FV mu u. 43
5.2.3.
hYh` \w ( Operation rule)
N \w hYh` (bqh{F - Operation )uF hutA ~ F{, u hYh`\w

~ #FYFF #FY N. F. . tQ ] c # (VII-iii-82), G t {Q f ( VI-i88 ) #n F {F{F m`F 3361 \w F hYh`\w F ~ bq { F T {F N . 44
YFFhY ~ N FbL {F~LuF YbwLt FV uF hYh`\wF F{ N.
5.2.4.
hu{ \w (Restriction rule)
{F # Y`F~ bqh{F#F TYF F{ X{F F # bqh{F F

F\ \wu ~uF ~YFF #FY #u uF m bqh{F#F huYf N
F{, F\ ~YFF #FYF \wu hu{\w ~ #FYFF #FY N. F
_{F~ F \w {F~L{ bqh{F F{ X{F~ N bqh{F F mT
\wu ~uF ~YFF #FY X{F~ mN \w hu{\w mu N. F. . @
uQYQ# (VII-ii-10) \w t~r>f F~F @G `F bN F[> uF hu` ~ N.
#F @G `F bN F[> uF hu` bqFz N N. NF @GG mG. ( VII-ii-13)
\w bFhLhu t~r>f F~F F[>uF ~ hu` ~ N. #F @GG mG. (VIIii-13 ) \w hu{\w mu N. #F \w @f uQ Y Q (VII-ii-10 ) \wuF u
15
hu{h ~ N. #FtQ F[> uF hu` @GG mG. \wF bh[ @G , G YV ~

`F#Fu N FV b|A #u bF @f uQYQ \w t~r>f F~F F[>uF
hu` {Ft F X{F mT `F#FF F[> A. hu{ AFtYF \wu hu{\w
YFF #FY N.
5.2.5.
#hA \w (Extention rule )
{F~ F \wF ~wN { L mT \wu FV bF|YFF #FY, N

#j{F X{F FV b| u F{, u #hA YFF #FY N. ^ FF{t
E~ j{F{FAF #hAu {F{F #FbF N - @ ] L
# $ #F #hA N bqF~uF N.45 #hA AFtYF \wu #hA \w
N. {FLAFF F{FthA #u bFhA #YF m bqF~uF #hAu
YF~YFF #FY N.
#hA\wu \NF bF ` #u QY ADFu \ YF N~
N. F bL w YuF Fu m Y wF{ X{F~ w Yu ` #u
wYu N{F# wF Yu QY ~ #FYFF #FY N. F. .
LQmM# (II-iv-52) #> f w Y FYF Fu N #u u N{F#
wFF mM AD #FA N. Y mMu `F \F A u>, F~L mM AD f
u, F fF {F #FA N. X{F~ t`QY# (I-i-56) \wuF m
fu N{F# wFF mM AD bL `F\ A. #F #> #hA {F
N \ AFA. #nF{F{F m`F 106 #hA \wF bq{FT{F N.46
5.2.6.
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#Yh` \` ~ #FY u #h`F\w ~ #FYFF #FY N. F. . @{@Q
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16
hu`\w (Negative rule) #YF m bqF~F bL bFhLu{ {F~LF YbwLt

Fu `~FY N. &X\Vt hu{F #bYF mFYF \w u hYFF\w N,
N @Icf (III-ii-1) &X\Vt #FtQ \FFj{ \w N. LQ&`]uQ @#
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~ #FF{ N. N \w FbL F<\ \wuF F{tuF hu` ~ \w
hu`\w YF{ N. F. . L]u`h cf (I-i-10) \wuF `&Z~
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#F #nF{F{ Vqu \~uFuF \wShn #o{F ~F bn ~ NLF{
N bFhLhuhu# FF uF{FV \whFbwYt {F~LVqu ~uF ~
N. VYFu bNh #F #V VYFu bFhLhuu ^FNh #FbF N -47
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`Q` Mh uctL LY_h cQ`J`@Q` mtL]h t@h u]`t{L MQc?
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17
bF uF>`
1.
|F. aVz YLt~, #nF{F{ whF |, P. 35 b~ &f "Somebody

called grammarian Panini,
the first software writer in the world.
.
Because when research into natural language processing for computer
began, scientists deluing into Sanskrit realised that they were beaten
to it 2600 years ago by the sage."
2.
@~Q` A tYHQ \`mMLf $

L@# utct`` [> ] t L{Q &mLf $$
@t{{# 1-4-20
hMM~@u#, ur>~f - 53, P. 611-12.

4. `h t @Q { @tY@, ~Q @ 2.
3.
|F. hAF~ja F. bF[, #nF{F{ whF | P. 50.

6. # Nu P. 50.
7. # Nu P. 51.
8. # Nu P. 51.
5.
9. K. V. Abhyankar, Paribhasasangraha,
B. O. R. I., Poona Ed.,
.
Introduction, P. 12.
10.
#nF{F{ whF | P. 51.
11.
]tt>{ h@, h@GL D@{cYY @ FtL\, LGL m,

ut{tY> >R>, P. 82-92.
12.
#nF{F{ whF | P. 51.
. m. I-iv-51 Lf@tLLt{Lh @t` $ uF &b~ \mHuu#,

@tYQ Qt`# @L Y`Lf $ uF &b~ uuQBQL#, @t#
@LY`Q mtL t`_LttL m# $
14. . m. III-ii-108, uQt`f @# utct`f $ N N#F @tY@GtE#,
III-ii-108, `MtY`f @# utct`f $ uY]M`f @# utct`f $
15. h @G L D@{cY @ FtL\, m- 1 , P. 182-183.
13.
16.
#Nu P. 182-183.
18
17. V. S. Agraval, India as known to Panini,

2nd Ed., P. 476.
.
#nF{F{ whF | P. 52, bF uF>` 35.

19. # Nu, bF uF > ` 34, P. 230 b . { h `h ~ F \ u F bw Y t T u huYF\
Fu tmt` YF{ N #u FF {F ~F F{ u huYF\
N. N#F h@GL D@{cY @ FtL\, m-1, P. 187, . m.
18.
IV-iii-90,
tm`Q ` uMtALf, t`Q ` hu]HLQ $
20. Kielhorn, Mahabhasyam, Vol. I, P. 12.

21. Goldstucker, Panini,
. Chowkhamba Ed., 1965, P. 214
Qucf, I-i-24 t`_Lh, P. 107

23. t@{cf , t@TH@@I[> # , 4. 3. 29.
`M ` h D@{ch @G ``Q ` \ ] L f $
\ D\{L&`Q` ` t@TuYTLf $$
22.
24. V. K. Rajavade, Yaska's Nirukta, 1-20.

25.
#Nu 1-20 P. 28,
L # uo` Y]L # YGI` YGcQQ`f $

LQ Lh 1 t Q Q u YL ]# $$
U. h. 10. 71. 4
#F N F N#F Kielhorn, \mHf Vol. I, P. 4 N N#F P. 3,
t{ YGh Q u NQ YAQ JL \LQ $
t Q GAmQ {Q{tL \Q QQ tQY $$
U. h. 4. 58. 3
t{ _ut{tL ut` Lt` tc Q `tAc# $
] \ tc t`t\L `Q TL L] { h Q `] H TL $$
U. h. 1. 164. 45
26. L t E{h t \L, 6-4-7 $ .
27. `] G t L#, 2-7 $ .
28. Kielhorn \mHf , uouYt\`@f , I-i-1, P. 1.
29. H. M. Bhadkamkar, Nirukta Vol. I, ` V Ir] > @ @I[> # , # 1,
19
@GLc UAQ mM]LQ{QQ@GLuQYQ`

huuQY ~LQ{Q t\cQh h `tA]Qh
Qht` $
30. h @G LD@{cY @ FtL\, m- 1, P. 69-72.
31. utct`@~`m{LA , u`Q h , P. 19.
32. mM t @I[> , P. 53.
P. 143,
33.
#Nu P. 56.
34. Kielhorn, Mahabhasyam.

II-i-68
.
utct`@~`m{LA, #n bWFF
&f .
35. IV-iii-66
36.
N#F bF uF>` 37.
h @G LD@{cY @ FtL\, m- 1, P. 239 N N #F

mL 1-1-1,
~VMt` ]tLt` u{ut` $
L # {mM L t` M I\ t`tAc# $$
38. @Lf , t h \ @Lr> @, I-i-2 Calcutta Ed., 1874, P. 469
37.
whF | P. 95.
40. # Nu P. 75-76.
39.
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N V-ii-122, LLf h u cQ u Q $
42. Y@u] # Vol. III P. 62.
41.
\mHf,
I-iv-1
Y` hYV F N#F whF | P. 68-72.

44. # Nu P. 75-76.
43.
45.
@QY#, P. 6.
46.
whF | P. 75-76.
47.
D@{c\mHf Vol. I, B. O. R. I. Ed., I-i-1 P. 39
48.
whF | P. 75-76.
20
bq~L - 2
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2.0.
#nF{F{ \wm Vq
bFhLhuhuuF Fu {F~L Vq #nF{F{ \wm Vq N. #F VqF

\w AuF ~FXt TYF N. bq{XuFY #nF{F{u bqFLY N. {F~LAFuF
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3995 \w F N . {tLT@ #n F {F{u \w \ {F #F bq FL
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#{F{ bF bF bF bF
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I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
75
72
150
178
136
223
103
74
73
38
188
145
140
199
118
108
93 110
73
85
176 117
168 144
119 160
139 175
120
97
119
68
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268
631
635
555
736
438
369
3983
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#{F{ bF bF bF bF
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2.1.2.
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
74
71
150
176
135
217
103
74
73
93 109
38
73
85
188 176 117
144 166 144
140 119 160
198 138 175
118 119
97
108 119
67
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23
349
267
631
630
554
728
437
368
3964
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3978
#FF DFh F~F \bFh #nF{F{F N \w\{F N bqFLu

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b. {h`h~ F\ F~F \bFh #nF{F{F 19 \wF #FNF N. |F. hFut
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2.1.3.
2.2.
#nF{F{u hY{Y
bFhLhuhuuF {F~LVq #nF{F{ #F[ #{F{FF hY_ N. bqX{

#{F{F F~ F~ bF bF|YFF #F{F N. bqX{ bFF hu{ bq~LF wYFF
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2.2.1. #n F {F{uF bq #{F{u \ F{F{ ~ #F YFF #FY N .
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rules ) Ft ~ N . #F #{F{F \ F #u bh~FF #FbYFF #F{F N .
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V N . #n F {F{uF bq #{F{ #F N \ F{F{ \ Fu bFH{F N .
24
#nF{F{uF mT #{F{F #Vu bh~FF, \F\F{Ft,

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2.2.2.
#nF{F{uF T #{F{ wm N YuF N. #F #{F{F tLLut@

#u @G Lu t @ hYF~ #FbYFF #FY N. #F #{F{uF bq bFF
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N T #{F{ bw~F F{ X{F \` L]u bqX{{F FVA. #F bqX{{F FVF
hubju F ADF @GL ~ #FF{ N. #F #{F{uF T bFF ct
bqX{{Fu mFuF hutA ~, wF #u hY{XFF L] u FV
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2.2.3.
#nF{F{uF FF #{F{F LtL bqX{{Fu Ft N. #F bqX{{F

FVF hubju F ADF LtL ~ #FF{ N. LtL bq~Lu Ft
#nF{F{F FF #{F{ bFF #{F{ \` N. FF #{F{uF
bqbF fJutLut@Lf (IV-i-1) #YF #h`F~ \w A F{ N. #FuF
FF #u bFF #{F{F {F hV bqX{{Fu #FY{F F{
X{F r> uf YV~ #u uf YV~ bqX{{F &bW A. bN cf , > @ f YV ~
bqX{{Fu hYhY` #FtF hY`Fu { N. FF #{F{uF FF bFF F 19
\wF &b~ N FF{ bqFz F{ N.
2.2.5.
#nF{F{uF bF F #{F{F bL h bq X {{F u hY`Fu {
N . bF F #{F{uF bq bFF #F~ F u @f @ L> # ( V-i-1 ) # Y
#h`F~ \w #FbYFF #F{ N . #> hju hju #t F > , Lf YV ~
bq X {{F u hY`Fu N . #F bFuF # FY #t F , LLf , Ft`f bq X {{F u
hY`Fu N . #F #{F{uF mT bF F bq FL, bh~FL, #Y{Y, \ {F YV ~
hYhY` #F t F f , |> @ f , Lf YV ~ bq X {{F AFt {F N . bF F #{F{uF
2.2.4.
25
T bFF YFht bqX{{Fu Ft N. #F #{F{uF FF bFF hYhAn

#tF FVuF~F @`f YV~ bqX{{Fu Ft N. #> #FbYFF #FYF bqX{{Fu
bF FuF F #t F u. #F #F bq X {{F u YFht bq X {{F Y FF #FY
N. #F bqF~uF |>@f, f, cf YV~ bqX{{Fu Ft #> N. # L#
( V-iv-68 ) # Y F #h`F~ \w [> f , , f YV ~ \F\Fj bq X {{F u
Ft \F bF F #{F{ bw L t F{ N .
2.2.6. #n F {F{uF Nl F #{F{uF bq bF F @Q N Q u ( VIiv-1 ) \w `F u F #o{F\ (Reduplication )uF hu{ #FbYFF #F{F N .
#F &b~F #F bFF \bq\F~LuF hu{F, `FuF #Fh A@{u , c@{u
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#F bF bw~F F{ X{F \` bqX{{ #u \F\uF `]E YV~ Y~Fu Ft
{ N. mT bFF \F\uF Y~Fu Ft N. #F #{F{uF T bFF
~]@f , u]hfm #u &~b huh #FAu Ft N. #F bFF
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#FAF #u \h`F F ~Lu Ft ~ N. NlF #{F{uF FF bF
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FVF bqX{{F bwYt uF YLFtF F ~F~F #V #F bFF #u \bwLt \FF
#{F{F hu{F #FbYFF #F{F N. #F hYFV #F`hu FFhYFuu Shn#
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Y, |>, {@{, >@{, `~Qu YV~u Ft N. #F bFF tmLf
(VI-iv-22) #YF YbwLt #h`F~\w m (VI-iv-29) \w \` m
hu{F #FbYFF #F{F N. m \w #F bF bw~F F{ X{F \` m \
ADF #VuF F{Ft \TYYFF #F{F N.
2.2.7. #n F {F{uF \FF #{F{uF bq bF F uF F ~L hYW_
bqX{{Fu bqFz F F{Ft N hYW_ bqX{{u F~L #Vu bqFz F F{Ft
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{ N. mT bFF F[>uF hu` N uF hY`Fu #VuF hu{F #FbYFF
26
#F{F N. #F #{F{uF T bFF &~bu bqFz Yfh YV~ #FAF #u

vY, VL, Yfh YV~ #VF{Ft #VuF hu{F #FbYFF #F{F N. \FF
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XY YV~ F{Ft tYFF #F{F N. #F bFuF 97 \w F F F 6 \wF &b~
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2.2.8. #nF{F{uF #F[F #{F{uF bq bF #u #FVuF \F #{F{
#F #F 29 bFuF hYFVu uJL ~ #FYFF #FY N.
#F[F #{F{uF mFEuF 2, 3 #u 4 #F L bFFuF muF hYFV tu
~ #FF{ N. #nF{F{u \~uFu Shn# #F hYFVFu wm N YbwLt
Fu N. #F[F #{F{uF bq bF NQ (VIII-i-1) #YF YbwLt
#h`F~ \w A F{ N. #> tN (Reduplication) #VuF hu{F #FbYFF
#F{F N. bN bFuF # \`F ` ] Eu hY`Fu { N. #FV T{
#F[F #{F{uF mT bF FF bF - # L bFFuF hYFVu
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N. #nF{F{uF #F[F #{F{uF mT bFF F #FAF, Y~ #VuF
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2.3.
#nF{F{ bq~Lm Vq
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27
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L bq~LFu ~uF ~ F, N bh #YFtu {F~LVqFF TYF
N. #FYF T bFhLhuu #n F F bq~L bN Lbq~L,
LtL bq~L bN u \F \m` `~FYF A bq~L #u c bq~Lu
wYFF #F{F F. bFhLhu #F bq~LFu ~uF # ~ ~ N \bwLt
#n F {F{uF Fu hYuF # bL b h\ A u> , F YF_{u F A
YF ~Y ? #F &{u hjuF F{tF bL hjuF TYF N. #YFtu
{F~L VqFu ~uF bh #nF{F{u ~uF bh u N b| N.
#> bq~L AFh\ FuFu\F~ ~FYFF #F{F N. #FtQ hAnbq{_
h\ADFu #jYF{Fu ~YF F Fb, #FV, YLthYF~ N bhYFV
YV~ \FVqu N A Fu &bW F{ N, bqFL #nF{F{F bq~L
wYFF #F{F N. 16
2.3.1.
#nF{F{F m`F 104 bq ~LF F m`F \w F u VF [ YYFF
#F{F N . 17 #F bq ~ LF {Fh { FX Shn ~YFF #F{F N . bq h { FX
Shn u>, N Y{F~L h\FjF YV~ bqh{Fbq`Fu VqFF bq~LFu
~uF bq h {Fu Shn# { N . #nF{F{F bFhLhu F~F {Fh{FX
Shn ~YFF #FY F 104 bq ~LF u #{F{ #u bF Nmu hY L
bh~hAn - 2F #FbYFF #F{ N. b. ~FA~ FF{t #nF{F{uF bq~Lu
\ V hu hYA Ft ~ #n F {F{uF bq ~ LF #u F ~ F \w F u \F` F
h\ ~ mFY N . 18
2.4.
#nF{F{uF bw~ VqF

#nF{F{ \F wm N huuF \m` `~FYF VqFF L]u>, cu>,
28
ctMtc, tbr>fMtc, t~`]Y` #u tY# #F N VqFu VLYFF

#FY N. #F VqFu \F{ hYuF #nF{F{uF #o{F\ A u>. #F VqFuF
bh~{ #FbL \bF ~A.
2.4.1.
L]u>
L]u>F `F#FuF \Vq {F N. `FbF[u fXY Fu Y{F~L
AFF{uu uF YF~YFF #F{ N. 19 hhmA, bY NYF #YFtuF, F

j{F\Ft hNujamh NYF bqFuF bL `FbF[uF Ft ~ bFhLhuu YF~F
u. uF `FbF[u ~uF bFhLhu bwYt { N #u bFhLhu# bFFuF
{F~L F uF &b{FV {Ft N.20 |F. mY~uF `FbF[uF Ft bFhLhu
N. F~L `FbF[ #u #nF{F{uF \wFF #umù F{t b~b~ \mh`
N. N bFhLhu `F#F #VuF hu{F `FbF[F bh[ `F#F bqFL #Fb
N.21 b~ # N~ ~ AF{ bFhLhu# uF \{F &bD` bqFu
`FbF[u #F`F~ bFFuF {F~L F N~ `FbF[u \h {Ft A. 22
2.4.2.
cu>
#nF{F{uF mT bw~ Vq cu> N. cuF #t \w F{ N. b~

#> c bFh~Fh AD N.23 \wF bFYFtb{tuF F hu{ FF u,
{F~ c F N ADFuF bF[ {F F{, F bFYFtb{tu Y F{ N. N
{F~LAFF c ADuF bq{FV bqFhbhFu F \Vq F N Yb~F{ N. FhAFYfh,
#F N VLbF[ F ù{c #YF AD bq{FV ~ N.24 VYFu bNh
FF{ bbAFhKF Yu{c ADuF bq{FV ~ N #u uF &b~u
F \mHtu@ F fth~ Yu{c ADuF #t VqhYA #YF ~
N.25 bqFuFF #F bqF~uF VqF ~F{F A. bFhLhu# bL bFFuF {F~L
#nF{F{ F bFFuF \{F &bD` VLbF[u hYb \FVquF \h
&b{FV ~ VLbF[u \u { F{ FuY Y`F~ {F{ N. j{F\Ft
hNujamh NYF bqFu Y{F~L F|u bY, hmYt NYF #YFtu hYFuFu
Shn# bFhLhu# bFFuF \{F &bD` VLbF[ \FVquF {iN #u &h
&b{FV ~ bFFuF {F~L F VLbF[ \h {Ft A FuY {W_\V
N. VLbF[u ~uF bFhLhu# ~ N YF hutA bNhuF FF{F bL
29
N.26 |F. {FNt F|FtuF #F Fu hYV Ft ~ bFhLhuu VLbF[uF

Ft ~ YF~ N.27 # \~ {F~LAF{ F{t `~FYF ADFuF \Vqu
c YFF #FY N. #F bqF~uF \VqF F # AD u t
AD VF| bFhLhu VLu ~uF ~ N, N u+t, ut $ Y
#F bqF~uF ADu uGtL AD VF| VLu ~uF N, N +umGtL,
umGLt` (II-iv-11) $ Y #F bqF~uF ADFu F AD VFgF
hYuF, ADuF mYuF & ~ VLu ~uF ~YFF #FY N, N
@[>{, @[>{# (II-iii-38) $ {F~L \bqF{F hu{h VL #u #FfhVL
#YF m bqF~uF VL YF~YFF #F{F N. t VL hu{h VL N. #F
bqF~uF VLF bh[ ADFu N \YtuF \FbqFz F{ N #FfhVLF bh[
ADF &b~F F bh[ ADF NYF N {F~L{ F{t `~FYF ADFuF \FYA
F F{ N. N @GLt VL #FfhVL N. 28
2.4.3.
&LFh \wFhL
#nF{F{uF bw~ VqFF ctMtcu YbwLt Fu N. #F \wFF

`Fu FVuF~F F bqX{{F AFtYYFF #F{F N. #F \wFuF bq \wF
cf bqX{{ AFtY N.29 #F \wF ct \wF ~ #FF{ N. ct
\wFuF Ft hYA hYFuFF N. F hYFuF uF Ft ~ AFF{uu
Fu N. 30 F F hYFuFuF #F \wFu ~uF bFhLhu# ~ N. |F.
#\. . mYF~ bFhLhuu #F \wFuF Ft Fu N.31 #F ctMtcuF
Ft hY hYFuFF #h u. bFhLhu cQQ \~f (III-iii-1) LQc#
(III-iv-75) YV~ \wFF &LFh\wFuF & ~ N. bn ~ T
AF{ N bFhLhu F &Lh\wF bh~h N. b~ #nF{F{F huhtn
{F~LAF{ F{Ft hY~ NF &LFh \wF bFhLhuuF u. bn N.32
ctMtc bbF &LFhYfh #u AbF &LFhYfh # m Yb
N. bqh{FFF~ ~Fa YuB]ctGtE YF~ N F h\FjFF~
FhN h uuB] c tG t E YF~ N. mju Ybu &LFhYfh#Fu
fXY N \` #huhLt N.
30
2.4.4.
hQ\wFhL
bqFhbh F tbAf # #bFhLu{ bFh~Fh \F N. #F \wFF

tbAf #FtQ bqFhbhuF Y~ #VuF hu{F #FbYFF #F{F N. u bq
\w #YF hu{ #Fb N tbAf #FtQ bFhbhuF NF Y~ &F F{
N. bq \wF bqFhbhuF #tuF tbAf AD bq { F T { F F Y F #F \w F
tbr>fMtc ~ #FF{ N. #F VqF F~ #{F{ #u 88 \wF N. uF
Ft AFju AFjuYFF{tu FuYFF #F{F N. AFuYFF{t bFhLhu F~F
bq{_ \F#F hju \F#FuF bq{FV ~ N, N bFhLhu F~F bq{_
utLut@, ù]h@, G #u ` \F#Fu N{F# #u AFjuYFF{t
tbAf, ùf, #u tYr>f \F#F bq{FN N. bFhLhu #u AFjuYFF{tu
Y~Ft F YuF # N bFhLhu bq f h -bq X {{ hYFVuF hYY
Y~Ft ~ N. {F~ AFjuYFF{t tbr>f \wFF bqfh-bqX{{ hYFVu YF~F
u #u tbAf (bqFhbh)u Yj # ~ YF~ Y~Ft ~ N,
#F bFhLu{ Y~ F\Fu \NYF F hQ\wF &bF~ u.33 FhN
h tbr>fMtcuF wmN #F`F~ `F #u bNuF Y{F~LF VFuVhF
u #u\{Ft N.
2.4.5.
hVFuAF\u
hVFuAF\u uFuF Yb #u #tu #F`F~ AF{ F uFuF

hV #VuF hu{F #FbYFF #F{F N, N u N \w N LG,t\LG,
G YV~ bF F~Fj bqFhbh hV N. uFuF hV #V #nF{F{F
bL F hu{F N , N u{t NNLu] AQ # ( II-iv-26 ) $
F FFVuF hYFuF Fu N bFhLhu# h V Fu A F\uu ~uF ~ u. b .
{h`h~ F\ hVFuAF\uuF Ft ~ bFhLhuu Fu N. b~ #F Fu
hYV NLFY {Ft bN, |F . F|F t u F &h ~ h V Fu A F\uuF Ft ~
bFhLhuu YF~F u. 35
2.4.6.
hAF
hAF VqF Yu AFF#F \F \mh` VqF N. F YhuhYFu #u

ADFiF~L YV~uF hu{F #FbYFF #F{F N. bFhLhuuF uF cF m
31
hAFVqF #FY N. F # Vq Fm N #u F FF N, {F~

mT hAFVq \wm N. #F mju hAFVqFuF ftXY hY hYFuFF
TYF N. #F hAFVqFu hYV Ft ~, |F. F|FtuF #YF &b~ #FY
N #FFuF F bL hAFVquF Ft bFhLhu u.36
2.5.
bFhLu{ {F~L \bqF{
(Paninian
School of Sanskrit Grammar )
.
bFhLhuu {F~L {Fh{FX bhF ( Analytical Method )
YFF #FY \YF {F~L Vq N . bFhLhu# {F~L { X{F~
\f FFF . #F bFhLhuu \fFF AYYF F bqh{FFu\F~
{F~L ~YFu #FY{F u . #F # V #FV Ft # ~ N .
b~ #FuF #t # Y F F u bFhLhu# bq h {Fbu &b F ~ N ,
bq f h-bq X {{ hYFVu bh~buF ADu #jYF{Fu ~F #F
AFF> bqh{F Y{ Yu Fu FVY N #u F N {F~Lu h~FtF
~ N . #F mFmu bn ~F FF{F~ Y{ N - ~ch t\
` `tL m tL ] \ M L tu `tL> L Q $ 37 b~ bFhLhuuF & { F
ADh\h F \~ ~ bq h {F AFt Y YFuF F u> . L \ f FFu ,
hYL b~ Shn bq{Xu FY \F #jYF{Fu ~YF F #nF{F{u
~uF ~ N. b~ {F~ \fFFu Fu FmF# ` #u \fFF
F FF ~ w ~ X{F~ bh\h \~ ~ \TYF bq h {Fu \ F~
{F~Lu Nh~{F . {Fh{FX bh# F{F bFhLu{{F~LuF
\w F u bq h {FX bh b u VF [ YYFu A#F . #F bFhLu{
\ f {F~LF {Fh{Fbq ` Fu Vq F #u bq h {Fbq ` Fu Vq F # Y F m bq Y F
#FN #FY N . FAuF hYFuF {Fh{Fbq ` FuVq F u bq F u{F~L
#u bq h {Fbq ` Fu Vq F u u{ {F~L ~ #F FY N . #F mju bq F~uF
bq Y FF u \ h b bFhLu{ \ f {F~L \ b q F{ ( Paninian
School
.
of Sanskrit Grammar ) ~ #F YFF #FY N . #FbL #F \ b q F{uF
bq Vq F hYA \ b F Ft ~A .
2.5.1.
{Fh{FX VqF
bFhLhu# bw ~ F u b J { #nF{F{u ~uF ~ N . # F . \. bw .
32
500 F
{F. FX{F{u bFhLhuuF # FN 1500 \w F &b~ 4000 YFht F u

~uF ~. FX{F{uuF \{ . \. bw . 350 FuYFF #FY N . VF | ~,
Y m ~, mu t YV ~ hYFuF u Shn# FX{F{u bFhLhuuF \w F u #FF uF
~YF F YFht F u ~uF ~ #u b Nh# bFhLhuu j{F{ #FbYF F
#u YFhtFu bqX{F{Fu ~YF F bFhLhuuF \wF #u FX{F{uuF YFhtF
&b~ F{u ~uF ~, N FF{ ~ #F F{ N . 38 b~ bFhLu{
{F~LAFuF |F #o{F\ Ntu hYFu |F. hFutuF FX{F{u bFhLu{
{F~LF FF AFtYYF F YFhtF ~i{F u F. b~ L uF \{F
TYF FF bh~YtuFu {FuF #nF{F{ {F~Lu #u muFYYF
bFhLhuuF {F~LF \ ` F~F Y`F~F \w {F N . # F Y {F~L Vq
YF bw L t ~ \ F Y F NF , Fu bFhLu{ {F~Lu # J LVh
~FYF L YFht F u ~uF ~, uF \{u hAnFF F &b{ _
muF{ . #F #FbLu FX{F{uF # \N \t FFhYQ uF At u F{
N . b Nh# . \. bw . 150 F bFhLhuuF 1228 \w F #u F X{F{uuF m`F
N YFhtF &b~ 85 #FhKFF FF{u ~uF ~.39 bFhLu{ {F~LAFuF
hYFu |F. hAF~a bF[ {F{ ~ N - ""#FYh` \f \FhX{F,
hY{VF {t #u bq \ FNV L F , u \F uF A Y F F Vq
T Y F F u. FF # V u FFY Fhu FhuF F | F ~ N .
~~ FF{ {F~LAF &b~ ~\F AF F{ # hYF
N . '' 40 #F bFhLhu h uuF \w F , FX{F{uuF YFht F #u uF &b~u
b Nhu FF{ \ h b h h u{F~L bFhLu{ {F~L ~
#h`Fu bFH{ N. #F {F~L &b~ F#F &bF#F F #u \\f
mj{. ~AuF Yu N{uF b { 11 \F FF{ &b~ u u
uFu hYFbw L t F . 18 \ F \Yt Y hYFu uFVF h N
uu &b~ BQL uFu bFh|X{bwLt F . Au 5 AF fth~#
FF{ &b~ tu@ uFu hYFbw L t F N . #F F bw ~ ~
u. 41
bFhLu{ {F~L\bqF{uF mT m<F 7 AFDF {F N{FhX{
#u YFuu #nF{F{ &b~u Yf h @tY@G t E A F{ N . FAF
33
#F Vq u ~uF ~YFF #FY . #F Vq u uF @tY@ ~FYFF

#F{ N . Y FuYFF #FY N . 42 N{Fh X { #u YFuu \ { _ ~uF # Y
FhAFYf h #nF{F{uF bq X { \w u Ft ~ N . # Y FuYFF #FY N
bq bF #{F{F &b~ N{FhX{ #u mFEuF L #{F{F &b~ YFu
F N . #F mju #FF{F t # \ b w L t #nF{F{ &b~ \ { _ Yf h _{F~
mju Yf h #F u \ h ^L _{F~ { u F \{ huLt { A_{F u.
#F F \~ NF hYFbw L t N . #F Vq bFhLu{ {F~LF bq { F T {
#uYfh, #h`F~, {FVhYFV, bq, #nF{F{uF \VqbF[ #u VLbF[,
`FbF[ YV~u bq ~ N. #F bFhLu{ {F~LuF #{F F FhAFYfhu
#{{u w m N Ybw L t mj{ N . 43 A u 8 \ F { F mF hYFu
hNujamh# FhAFYfh &b~ @tY@t{cuh t @ #YF uFu
bF h |X{bw L t NF bq F \Fh F . 44 # F bFhLu{{F~L AFuF
bwY{ \bqF{uF F. 45 11 \F {F bh| ~ FF{u #u\~
FhAFYfh &b~ uh{ uFu bFh|X{bwLt F . #F F Yh\wFuF
#t u F j{F\ ~F Y`F~ bq FLw FuYFF #FY N . 46 b . ~
ahY| mq F L uF F. mG t E #nF{F{ &b~u bq F u F N . F
Y h \ f #u F h \ f # Y F hYFVF bF| #nF{F{ &b~ F
YFF #FY F Y F u uF FVYf h bg N . #F F #F h A bF
N #FY N.47 #F Vq u f t X Y N #huhLt N . 12 AFD F { F
mF hYFu b ~ F Y #nF{F{ &b~ mAG t E uFu \~ F
N . F L Y h \w F NF | `F N . 48 16 \F { F #ju
#nF{F{ &b~ tL{ uFu F .49 17 \uF #F~F \f{F~LAFuF
w ` t j {hYFu F h N h #n F {F{ &b~ Y@ L] m uFu hYFbw L t
F . #F F #nF{F{uF F~ #{F{ \ ` #bw L t b N . 50
17 \uF mT ~LuF #F~F bYtA{ hYFu hY~\wh~# #nF{F{
&b~ D@{ctL] t`t uFu bF h | X {bw L t F . #FYh` #F
Vq #bwLt FuYFF #FYF F. b~ FF |F. {Fu FVtY ~uFh~,
NHw u F bq \ V q F \ b w L t V q u bq AF ` Fc N . u \ b Fu
34
N{uF~F{L {F\ {huYh\t, T`b~uF |F. \X{bqFA m ~ ~}F N. L

#{F{ \ùF bq FV ~FNFu bhF, T`b~ F~F . \. 1995F bqFhA
~YFF #F{F N.51 20 \F \Ytj Y hYFu ht {Fu \~Y#
#nF{F{ &b~ \~ \fYfh .52 #F \uF \f{F~LuF w`tj{
hYFu ADYF_{ bqFL b. mq hNF\# #nF{F{ &b~ u G t E
uFu \f #u hjF \~ Yfh N.53
2.5.2.
bqh{FX VqF
\fFF# {F~ FFFu Yb VF{. X{F~ \fFF AYYF

F \~ ~ bh\h ~ mFYF {F~LVqu #FY{F . bqF~uF
bqh{Fu\F~ VqFuF # F &{ \~ ~ bh\h ~YFuF F. #FV
#F Fu hYV NLFY ~ V{F N#. bFhLhuhuu {F~L #F &{
F{ u . #F bFhLu{ {F~L #nF{F{uF \wFu bqh{Fu #u\~F
uYF F VF[Yu VqF ~YFu A#F . Au 12 AFDF {F
mF hYFu `tEht# }uL{ uFuF bFhLu{ {F~L &b~ bqh{FVq
{F.54 #F VqF bqh{Fu\F~ bq~LFu \FYF~, hY_X{YF~, #{{FYF~
# Y F uF #FbYFF #F{F F Y F Vq u At b FYF~ #FbYFF #F{
N. . \. 1350 F {F hY\~Y# }u~ uFuF bqh{FVq {F
N.55 F L bq~LFuF uF \FFF, #NjFF, jFF YV~ #Fz{F
N. #F Vqu At &h ~ bFF ~FYFF #F{ N. 14 \F
{F~L AFuF bqF| hYFu AYAuF fLFF{tuF b ~FaFF{t bFhLu{
{F~L &b~ ut@@] uFuF Vq {F.56 ~Fa #F VqF #nF{F{uF
2470 \w F u F N \FY A { F t . F h N h #F Vq u #F A t ~ ~F
@{ctL@] Vqu ~uF ~ . bqh{FF &b~u F#FF
VqF~ ~FaFF{tuF bF hYlFF{t bq\F uFu F \~ #u
hYFbwLt N. VqF~ ~FauF hA{ #u FY{F~L FhN huF V~
fLFF{t A bqh{FF &b~ bqFA uFu bFh|X{bwLt ~\F F .57
hYlFF{tuF \{ Au 15 AFD N #u AfLFF{t Au 16
AuF #F~F {F N. 58 b~ bqh{FVqFF Y{F~Lh\FjF Vq
35
\F hc{F Fu bqFz {. #F VquF \Yt Y hYFu FY{F~L

FhN h bFFuF bqh{FVqF #nF{F{uF m`F N \wF, FX{F{uuF
m`F N YFhtFuF \FYA {Ft. # N u> b~ #nF{F{uF bw~ VqF
N Y F L] u > , cu> , ctM tc, tbr> f M tc, t~`] Y ` #u
tY YV~uF h\FjFF \FYA ~ #F Vqu bh~bwLt #u \YFV\~
muF{F. FhN huF \{ b. {h`h~ F\uF . \. 15131593 FuYFF #FY N . 59 F h N hu m`F N {F ~ L \ b q F {F &b~
#T| bqXY . #F uF #F VqF FF{Fh VqF #u 16 AFD
60
\` {F~LAFu N hu hYF\ bF ~} . uF \FYA h\FjF
#u uF &b~u u YFb F bqFcuF~FF {. h\FjFu ~uF,
uF bqF~ #u bq\F~ {F bN bFhLu{ {F~L\bqF{uF FF{Fh #F~
VqF &bh mj{F. Y{F~LFF uuF F uF \F N -
@ ] t @I> G mHQ ut{# $

@ ] B@I> G mHQ ut{# $$
b~ bqh{FVqFF #nF{F{uF w \w u m N uYF bqh{Fu\F~
#FbYFF #F{F F #u #F bqF~uF bqh{FFu\F~ VqFuF b[ubF[u-#{{uu bqF`Fj{ Y`F #u #nF{F{uF w \w &bh F
bFhLu{ {F~Lu YbwLt bq{W_#FF VwYL . bqh{Fbq`Fu
VqFF hju bq~LFu ~uF YF #uYfh, #h`F~, hYbqhu`, #h\
NY bq{W_#F, #bn mu V, # N u> bL \wFt \NYFF #uYfh
#FYF ADF uYF\wF mFt` muF bqX{ \w &b~ Yfh #huYF{t mu
#u NF #nF{F{uF \w bh~h u F{ F #F Yfh bL \wFt h
~YFF #bn N ~ N. 61 bqh{Fu, #F YF {Fu \~Y #u
b~b~FuF Y{F~LF #FFuF ~ N. bqh{FuF FF &b~ #VhhutA
~F Fmq N But sutras of Panini,
. thus detached from their context are wholly
unitelligible without the commentator's exposition. They are indeed
what Sir William Jones has somewhere termed them dark as the darkest
oracle. 62
36
2.5.3.
bFhLu{ {F~LuF FAthu VqF
bqFuF F~{ FFhYF# {F~LAFF FAthu hYF~`F~Fu

A t u { N . bFhLhuuF F \w F F F At h u h uuF mN T Y FuF bq { F\
{F N. b~ #F bqF~u bh~b_Y hu`F~F bNhuF hYFA \F FF{F
&FbF \F #Yh~ . FF{uF hYF~mTu bFhLu{ {F~LAFuF
{XY L Vq F F {F ~ Lu F At h u h u`F~F ~w N #F bF N . bF
\F Fu FAthu Y{F~L fth~# FF{uF hYF~ mTu YF_{b{
uFuF hYFbwLt Vq {F.63 #F Vq @I[>, _@I[> #u u@I[>
# Y F L F | F F ~F{F N . bq #u h{ F | &b~ u YF b Yf h
bL N.64 ~VFhN uF b #u FhN huF T F>| bFhLu{
{F~Lu FAthu AFF &b~ "{F~L wL' uFuF hYFbwLt Vq {F.65
Y #F Vq uF hbf { F h N huF NF bF h |X{bw L t Vq
"Y { F ~ Lh\Fj F h~ F ' &b~u Fu b F{F N . F > | #F Vq u
\ h z \ ~L "{F ~ Lw L\F~' bL { N . Fu Y { F~L uFV A
bFhLu{ {F~Lu FAt h u AFF &b~ "Y { F ~ L h\Fj w N F'
uFuF bFh|X{bwLt Vq {F N. 66 #F bFhLu{ {F~Lu FAthu AFF
&b~ bq Vq F _{F F{F u w E Ft #FbL ~. #F m`F Vq F &b~
hYb F \FhX{ bL F{ T Y F N .
37
bF uF>`
N#F - bq~L - 1, bF u F > ` - 28.
2. \mHf Kielhorn Ed., Vol. I, uouYt@f P. 1.
3. N #F - bq ~ L - 1, bF u F > ` - 47.
4. `Q Y # , ut{mAQ Y Q {# , B. O. R. I. Ed., ut{. 122 P. 198 - 200.
1.
5. Annamalai Uni. Ed., Verse 15.

6. Nyasa, Vol. I, Introduction. P. 1.
7.
DFhu #FYfh, T #nF{F{u \h #FYfh u b~ \Yt

#F #FYfhuF #F`F~ #nF{F{u #{{u - #{Fbu F{ N. #F &b~F
Y\u #nF{F{u #FYfh bL \F~bwYtu Fu `~FY N. #F &b~F
~uwu #u u #nF{F{u #FYfh#F bL #{{u FuF YbwLt
of Panini,
VqF N. an. S. C. Vasu, The Astadhyayi
. Motilal Banarasidass,
..
Delhi, Vols. I & II, 1962 N S. M. Katre, Astadhyayi
of Panini,
..
.
Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi, 1989.
#nF{F{ whF |, P. 77.

9. utc`h Y`] Y `f (u Q m #) L > M u> # , P. 6 $
10. #n F {F{ w h F | P. 77-78.
11. # Nu P. 78.
12. # Nu P. 78, bF uF > ` 146 N Belvalkar, Systems of Sanskrit
8.
Grammar, P. 31.
13.
\mH u uQ B Q L #,
Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi Ed., 1967,
Vol. II, V-i-1, P. 486.
15.
^fL \F~F FY, bFhLhuuF {F~LuF #o{F\ (), VN~F

#uYF |F. #~LF{ u. Tu, uF, 1961, P. 112.
an{ - t t`~, - 3 , u - 2 , t@{c - 4 ,
16.
u`_@_L}uh u@{cf $ @QY# P. 512.

an{ - M . uG A Q {t` Q u t> f, VI-iii-109, \mHf Vol.
14.
38
II,
P. 883 - 855
&b~u mHf N an{ _uf
1 - 43
&b~u
\t{GAmr>@, LuAQ`tLY`h u]At\LQuQY uGL`h

uc@G, uGAQ{t ]YuQQA] tY>t{LtT>ù{u
{c{h ut{G t{QQ TLt@ut` uuTL
uMQAGAch GtLYtc utL@~h G>YYT_L}uDtm{tc
uc@GQ# Y`]Y`h u@L`]LQ $
17. K. B. Pathak, The Topicwise Analytical study of Panini's
Astadhyayi
.
..
Vol. I, P. 114 - 129 (The thesis submitted and accepted for
Ph. D. Degre by the M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, in 1981
- not published).
18.
utc`D@{c @ `]Y~`, u ut{>Q , P. 1 - 64.
19. #nF{F{ whF |, P. 58 N Y` hYVbwLt Ft F an{- Cardona,

Panini
. - A Survey of Research, P. 163.
20.
#nF{F{ whF |, P. 58.
21. S. K. Belvalkar, Systems of Sanskrit Grammar, P. 21,

Panini
22.
N an{-
#nF{F{ whF |, P. 58, bF uF>` - 66.
23. Kapildeva Shastri, Ganapatha,

ascribed to Panini,
.
. P. 6, Etymologically,
the Ganapatha
. . means reading the words collectively, but in grammatical
technique it has come to acquire, apart from its etymological meaning,
a conventional (rudhi)
.
. meaning i. e. the Pratipadika - Prakrtis.
@tY@GtE#, Vol. I, ~Q@ - 1, P. 1.

GE mHQ L L]ù{ctA] $
25. \mHtu@ , Vol. I, P. 17, }t|> Y Q u |> Q & h @tf
@# $
26. \mHf , VII-i-16, @h u] ` LQ uM # u> Q & h u] ` # u> FtL $
Lt` t\ uM`{t` $ XX h LuGtLutL uM#
u>Q&h u]`# u> FtL h uMtQ `Q $
24.
27. Cardona, Panini

39
28.
M. II-i-59 QI# @GLttm# &b~ \mHf - QI# uLQ

@GLt{@GtLc# $ Y` hYV F an{ - #nF{F{ - whF |,
P. 58 -59.
29.
@GutttYM cf, uuB]ctGtE#, 1-1, YuB]ctGtE#, 1-86.
30.
|F. N{Y A_, bFhLu{ \f {F~L AF b~b~FuF hF\, P. 120.
31. Systems of Sanskrit Grammar, P. 21.

32.
an{ -
Panini
33. G. V. Devasthali, Svaramanjari, P. XXVIII, Foot note - 4, The method

followed in the fitsutras
perhaps semed to him to be quite different
.
from that of Panini
. and even Katyayana. N #Nu P. XXIX, Foot
note 2, Santanava and his method of explaining the Svara was
evidently considered to be foreign to the system of Panini.
.
34. h@GL D@{cY @ FtL\ (u GtE), m - 2, P. 226 -227.
35. Panini
36.
#Nu, P. 182.
37.
\mHf, Vol. I, P. 48.
38. F. Kielhorn, Katyayana and Patanjali. P. 4 - 5.

39.
mHu {F{F #F bqFL #FbYFF #FY N M Q I L Q u # M `] t{tm# $

ut` ILQ mHh mHtQ t# $$
N N#F ut{mAQYQ{# , Foot note - 3, Quù{Q Q
mHf $ FF{u #FYfh#FF hFut \bFh FF{ #FYh`
bqFLwVq FuYFF #FY N. #F Vq F|F~~ bqFi{hYFh~, bwL

L FVFF bqFhA ~YFF #F{F N. . . ~uF AFtuF \bFuF
{uF bqb, uFVAuF &F #u YuF bF{V|u NF{F \F FF{u
huLt{\FV~ bq\, m F~F bqFhA ~YFF #F{ N.
40. #n F {F{ w h F | P. 62.
40
F|F~~ bqFi{hYFh~, bwL F~F \mHtu@ Vq #Vq zbL

#u #uYF \F #F[ |FF bqFhA ~YFF #F{F N.
42. ] Q Y{c ~ , utct`@~` m{LA , P 32.
41.
43.
t` ttB~, \{ N{ @tY@ (G t E) L FVF

bqFhA N. #F Vqu \bFu |F. #F{tja AFt, |~FY AbF| #u
. VF. bF{# { N. (1969). b. Fh~FF\ AF #u b. FhFbq\F
A_ F~F hNujamh f FhAFhYY~LbhNF (j{F\) #u ~f
bN~ F#F \F FhAFYfhu 1-6 FVFF bqFAu { N. (1965
- 1967).
44.
hYA hYV F an{ - uh . mQ ` Y , u ~ Q ` , m

u@Y`, t~ (1979) $
45. Dr. K. V. Abhayankar, Dictionary of Sanskrit Grammar. P. 149.

46.
uh. mQ` Y , u~Q`, P. 87 -98.
47.
b. {h`h~ F\ hY. \.2021 F FVYfhu \bFu ~ bqFhA ~

N. an{ - h@GL D@{c Y @ FtL\, m - 1, P. 470 -474.
48.
Nt{@ Y, mAGtE#, N an{ [>O. @ ,

h@GL D@{c Y @ fm { t@, P. 288.
49. Cardona, Panini

#Nu, P. 283 - 284.

51. #n F {F{ w h F | , bF uF > ` - 98 P. 233.
52. ] t t> { h @ , h @G L D@{c Y @ FtL\ , m - 1,
P. 495 -97 N an { [> O . @ , h @G L D@{c @ f m
{ t@ - P. 258 -260.
50.
53.
> uGtE L FVFF bqFhA N. bq bF #{F{Fu

\FYF bq FV #u h{ FV &b~ b. mq hNF\# #u 6
8 #{F{Fu \FYF f{ FV &b~ bh|uF hA{F bqFY#
bqFYfh N. #F L FVFu \~ \bFu bh|uF hA{ Fu
Y{F~L b. {h`h~ F\ { N. #F L FVFu bqFAu . \.
41
1968 F
^ ~FF bw~ , #f\~ F~F { N.

54. uh . Q u ~E uI[> Q # , @{c tL @ ] m - 1, P. 10.
55. # Nu, P. 11 N an { - Systems of Saskrit Grammar, P. 36.
56. K. P. Trivedi, Prakriyakaumudi, Vol. I, P. 35 | F . m YF ~ ~F a u
b~ \F w N. Sn{ - Systems of Sanskrit Grammar, P. 37.
57. FA~ bqFLA~ hY# hYlFF{tu bq\F F \F bqh{FFu
\bFu { N. #F Vq Bombay Sanskrit and Prakrit series No. LXXVIII
#u LXXXII (1925-1931) # m FVFF bqh\ {F N. N fLFF{tu
bqFA F \F bqh{FFu \bFu b. ~`~ h^ F~F { N #u
\bwLFtu \f hYhYF{, YF~FL\ F~F L FVFF (. \. 2000)
bqFhA ~YFF #FY N.
58. uh. ]{~{ t#, ut@@], uQ m# , uLt@f P. 5 N
an{ - Encylopedia of Indian Philosophics, Vol. V, P. 215.
59. Encylopedia of Indian Philosophics, Vol. V, Chapter 30, P. 241.
60.
h@GL D@{c @ fm Q{ t@,
61.
#F Fu hYVbwLt Ft F N#F - #nF{F{ whF - |, P. 65-66.
P. 243.
62. Ballantyne, Laghusiddhantakaumudi, P. VI.

63. Panini
. - A Survey of Research, P. 299,
N an{ - _uuf 1-22
Q @ h u t @ mQ \ u t mZLQ $
Lf D@{c u{tLQ $$
64.
_uu #FYfh#F F an{ -
Cardona, Panini
. - A Survey
of Research, P. 295 - 297.
#Nu, P. 305 - 307.

66. uFV A G \ h M A Vq bL {F N b~ u \ b F u N \ ` {
u. uF ~V] h M A VquF \bFuF #u hYf hYV F an{ 65.
Panini
42
bq~L - 3
#nF{F{u hYAF#F #u
FWj bq{W_#F
h Q Q tu Q o \ t{Q t L $
# u@{ch t~h Y T`t# $$
tL QY# @~Q DT_L# {# $
Y `> Q Q tYQ A G t L\Q L # $$
_uf - 2/217 - 218 $
bq~L - 3
#nF{F{u hYAF#F #u
FWj bq{W_#F
VYFu bFhLhu h uuF {F~L #nF{F{F Vq ~uFuF F A uF
~F X t T Y F N . #F Vq u ~uFF #FF{t bFhLhu# # u \w
F hYh F A F bq { F {F N . VYFu F{ F ~ b Nh N . -
tu T otL _t ` f tYtL _t`Q t L $ 1 #F F A
bFhLhuu #nF{F{u #uwb hYAF#F mu N. #FVuF bq~LF T{
bq { XuFY #nF{F{ Vq u bq F LY N . #F Vq F ADFY h\
~YF F #FF{tuF bq{Xu N, #F F Fu ADFtF #bnF,
#{F {F YV ~ F F #FYYFu \ FYuF ~ N . #F F F u F hu~F~L F
bFhLhu# {F~Lu ~uF ~ Y hYhAn F A bq { F {F N , N u F
ADFt FuF F mF`F u #FY , # N u> b~ {F hYYh #t u F
mF ` hu\ #\ Y F { , X{F bL {Ft ADFt u F mF ` \ b ~ T{
N . #F Vq F bq { F T { hYhAn bq { W _#F u #FVY hYA F#F N .
#F bq ~LF #nF{F{u bq hYA F#F #u bq { W _#F ( Devices )
hYA \ b F Ft ~A .
3.0.
3.1.
3.1.1.
#nF{F{u hYAF#F
mYuuF bq{FV
\wF~ bFhLhu# hYA #tF mYuuF &b{FV {Ft N. #nF{F{F

L mYuuF bq{FV ~ #n #tu Fbu { N. F. . Q Q & cf
(IV-ii-108/1329) $ AD m YF #u ù YF bL N. #> bFhLhu
AD ù YF N N #Y AFtYYF F mYuuF bq{FV ~ N. bN~F~
~ #F \w &b~u YfhF N - \`t`QYQ ùt`# ut{\#,
44
LQ` uQ ` GLQ $ 2 N ~ Q# uGLQ (V-ii-66/1866) \wF

Q# #YF mYuuF bq{FV #F AD F YF N u> b~ ] YF N Y AFtYYF {F N. #F \w &b~ FhAFYfh N \`h ]tu Lf $ #FuF &b~ j{F\ N - tL
t\ LT`f, ù]Q ù\cQ` ` GLQ, L ]Q&tu
\cQ` `QtL ]` Lf, LTL] tL mtL, L
uQ`mLf $3 #F _{F~ hu{ #t mFYYF F, F _{F~ #tbqF`Fj{
AFtYYF F, _{F~ \FFj{FtYF ADuF hYAFt #t mFYYF F F
_{F~ b{Ft{ADFuF VqL F bFhLhu mYuuF bq{FV ~ N. bFhLhu#
mYuuF bq{FV ~ _{F~ ADu F _{F~ #tu hu{u { N.
3.1.2.
ADFu \F{t
ADFuF b~b~uF \F{t bFhLhu #u_ #tu Fbu ~ N. F.

. uM@~@{u]{c`@Q~# `t@{cQ` (II-i-49/726) $ #F
\wF ~F ` ADuF m #t F{ N. uY #u uYu \{F. #F mju #tF
#F \wF _{F #t \wF~u #n N ? F #YF &~ #FbYFF #FY
N #> ` ADuF u]{c AD \F bF[ {F FYF #> \wF~u ùF
`ML` #YF #t #n N, uYu \{F #n u. #F \w &b~ h\FjF
&b~u mFuF~F FF ^ YF\Y h N - u]{c\`YQ
`ML`Q GLQ $ ` L] ftYQA $4 N bqF~ ucuAYLf
Lf (V-i-34/1699) $ #F \wF ~ u ADuF m #t bqh\ N - bh~FL
#u ~L. b~ bh~FLYF uc, A YV ~ AD F \F u AD bh[
FYF #F \wF u uF #t ut{c F{ N. ~L u>. #F \w &b~ j{F\
N - ucttm# ut{c# \Lf ut{ch uQ GLQ, ` uIttL
ufmu# $ 5 #F #nF{F{F bFhLhu \F{tuF m #tFbu
~F \Yt TYF N.
3.1.3.
hubFuu bh
\wF~ hYhAn #tuF Fu F hubFu \wu ~uF ~ N. F
45
ADFu {Xbh {F~ bFhLu{ \wF bqFL A u #YF u hubju

~YFF AFVF~Y F{ FYF, YF #{Xbju ADFu hubFu {FWh
\F` ADF ~ YF~ YFF #F{F N. FhAFYfh N - t\ ~cQ``]u`h
L tùL`Lf tf $6 #nF{F{F hubFu L bqF~u FuYFF #F{
N.7 #F #V #F F an{ N -
u JLQ # u uch tu u JLQ { cQ $

t@{t Q L TùL`f $$
{F bFhLhu F ADu hubFu h\ ~ N , X{F AD hYhAn #t u F
YF F { N . N mQ Z h mQ ( VII-iii-69/2885 ) \w mQ Z AD
hubFh N. #> mQZ AD #o{YF{t b {F N bq{_ A, bh~bFu{
{F u> . 8
3.1.4.
bwYFtbFbbq{FV
_{F~ bFhLhu# hYhAn #tu Fbu ~YF F bwYt\w #uYf buF

bu bq{FV {Ft N. #F bu u N bn T{ N \wF~ #F h~_
bu hYhAn #t AFtYYF bq{F{ N. F. . Q LNNQ ( VI-iii-26/922 ) $
#F \wF bwYt\w `f ULQ NNQ (VI-iii-25/921)F NN bu #uYfh
#FY N, NF \wF~ VI-iii-26 \w F NN buF bu bq{FV ~ Fhb ~
N #F \w F NN b \F`F~L \F{tuF #t #n u b~ bqh\
\F{tuF #t YFuF N. #FtQ YF \FYu huhtn F}c, uutL
YV~ bqh\ \F{tu N VqL A.
3.1.5.
hYhAn ADFu \{FNu
F FuFF bFhLhu#, hYhAn #tu Fbu ~YF F ,

` YV~ F ADFu \{FNu { N. #F Y`F~FuF ADFuF bq{FV Fbu
~ N #> bq{_ AD F hYA #tu Fbu ~ N. F. . u @ Y` QQo (I-iii-23/2690) $ #> Q AD N b{Ftz N, Q
(Q +)YFu N~ u. #> ADuF Y`F~FuF bq{FV {F
N u F~L NLFYF FhAFYfh N - tut`cQL ~Q@Q Q FtL
46
ut#, L utLu\cf $ 9 #F bFhLhu #F \wF

buF bq{FV ~, Fhb ~ N QF ~F Q ADuF tut`cQL
#t N A, mT AF #t A u>.
3.1.5.
# bq~LF buF #Fh` FF bF[
bFhLhu _{F~ # N b # N bq~LF # F{t F m F#

bq{FN N. #F ~u #F hYA #t Fh ~YF FVF F{ N. #F #FF{tu
# A N. F. . tmA " \t{uM u t# ' ( V-i-4/1664 ) $ Y \wF
N \tAf AD N, #F bq~LF bwYt\w "tQ Lf' (V-i-2/1662)F
t VLF bh[ N. #F \tAf ADuF bu bF[ ~YF #F AD \FFj{Ftu
m hYAFt mu V{F N.10
3.1.6.
\F\u #~L
\f{F~LF \F\u @GLf YV~ #j{ F~ Yfh#Fu N YWbYfh

FuYFF #FY N. NF FY F wm N N~ N. 11 bq{XuFY
#nF{F{u ~uFF jaFu N. #F {F \F\ AF F{ X{F bFhLhu
\F\YfhuF #F^{ N.12 b~ bFhLhu# #nF{F{F N{F#
\F\ A FYF NF \F\ {Ft u. #F ~YFu F~L # N
#F #> hYA #tu Fbu ~YF FV N. F. . f ]c t``Q
r>f (V-ii-47/1848) $ #> bFhLhu FYh\h F ]c t``Q #YF
YF_{u N{F# ]ct``Q #YF \F\ ~ A_{F F. b~ #> L \F\
u ~u Fhb { N #F \wF VLu #XY hYYh N. # hXYFh\ {FhYhAn
VL F{ X{F~ #F \wuF bq{FV A u>.13 Y {F h hYYh F{
X{F \{F~{Ft \F\ ~YFF #FYF u.
3.1.7.
b{Ft{ ADFuF # bq{FV
bFhLhu _{F~ b{Ft{ ADFuF # bq{FV ~F TYF N. #F

~YFF #F hYhAn #tu Fbu ~YF FVF F{ N. F. . tL]tuMQo
(III-ii-188/3089 ) #F \wF bq{_ tL #u ] t b{Ft{ADF N. b~
bFhLhu #> # \wF tL #u ]t #YF b{Ft{ADFuF bq{FV ~ Fhb
47
~ N #F mju ADF #> hju hju #tF Yb~F{F N. ~ bN~F

N - ]Q# uG]u`f ]t` GLQ $ L FtL $14 # mN &F~L
t
w N - ]tuQt\LQ
bL uF`> bF N. uL (VI-ii-16/3750) $ Y #F \wu bwY\
(VI-ii-15/3749) $ Y ] #u tu , u tL #{hF~ N. #F u L
\wu #FY{F N u. b~ \wF~ utL# ADu buVqL { N.
F~Fu Shn# #hA{ bqh #YF hYA #tu Fbu ~YF F { N.15
3.1.8.
ADFh`_{uF bq{FV
#nF{F{F \wF~ _{F~ ADFh`_{uF bq{FV {Ft N. #h` AD

bq{F #F F hYA #t Fhb ~YF FVF F{ N. N t_>
ù``{r>QA] (VI-ii-103/3837 ) $ {F~L AD\m` AF
N. \wF t@fu VqL b{Ftz N, Yu VqL #uFY{ N. NF bFhLhu
"t@f'\F Yu VqL ~ N hYA #tu Fbu ~YF ~ N, FF~F
N. 16
3.1.9.
FtL ADuF bq{FV
VYFu bFhLhu #nF{F{F hYA #t u Fbu ~FYYF F FtL

AD bq { F N N . FtL AD buF #t u &FY uF N , #Ft Q {F~ FtL
ADu b \F T | YFF #FY N X{F~ ADb~ b #t b ~ mu T{ N
#u #tb~ b ADb~ mu T{ N.17 F. . G# #YF buF #t FF
hYFu b F t h YA N #F #t b ~ N . b~ u \F FtL b T | Y FF
#FYF G FtL muA #u uF #t G# # F AD NA. ADb~
b \F FtL T | F #t b ~ b mu T{ N , F. . `Q t L tmA
( I-i-44/24 ) #> ` uF #t tÀQ #u uF #t t@u F{ N . b~ `
F uF~YF b N #u hYbYF b N . #F bF u \F FtL
T | F uF #t AFt Y A . #F &b~F \w F~ #nF{F{F FtL ADuF
bq { F V #u N{F# hYA #t u F Fbu F { F t N . # & F ~L T # .
#nF{F{uF bF F #{F{uF mT bFF \w N - LTT`tL
L]uf (V-ii-94/1894) $ #> FtL ADuF bq{FV Fbu ~ N F \F`F~L
48
#WXY F { X{F~ L] u f bq X {{ FVA u> . b~ \ , u Y h , t`Q

YV ~ VH{Fu F { X{F~ N L] u f bq X {{ A . #> \w F~ FtL uF bq { F V
TL u hu{u { N . F F bF\ F { X{F~ u `f
AFA u>, b~ Fu bF\ #h` {Y F{ X{F~ N u `f (+L]uf)
AFA .
3.1.10.
#nF{F{uF hhY` bF[
#nF{F{uF L bqF~uF bF[ #F Nm N (@ ) #uuFh\ bF[,

() Yh~ bF[ #u () \hF bF[. #F L bqF~uF bF[ ( Recitation)
hYA wF Ft ~A.
( @ ) #uuFh\ bF[
bFhLhu# #nF{F{F #uuFh\ bF[ hYA bF N hutA {Ft N.
uQYQ&`]`t@ FLf (I-iii-2/3) \w N &bAF #uuFh\ f
FLf \ VLF{ N. #F bqF~uF Y~ &b~ #uuFh\u hK ~ # F
hYFuF Fu N. bN #F bqF~u hK wFY m` {. F F hYFuFuF
#nF{F{uF bF[ #FN NYF N YF N bF[ bFhLhuuF \{F bL
F #u Y~u #uuFh\XY b~b~F YF~YFF #FY. 18 bFhLhu# #nF{F{u
~uFF #um`bq{W_ bq{F N #u F #uuFh\XYu Yu Fu N.
() Yh~ bF[
t{LQ`&t@{# (I-iii-11/46) \w bqFL #h`F~ \w &b~ Yh~hK

~. b~ FF F #nF{F{ \wbF[F #F bqF~uF \wF &b~ Yh~u
hK TYF u. F hYFuFuF #nF{F{uF bF[ #FN NYF
#FY N YF N bFhLhuuF FF bL F. b~ b~b~F _{ \w #h`F~
\w N \TYYFF #FY.19 bFhLu{ {F~LF bFhLhu# #h`F~ bq{W_uF
mA &b{FV {Ft N, # N u> #nF{F{u \~uFF #h`F~ bq{W_
jaF ~ N. #F #V hYVYF~ Ft #FV ~YFF #FY N.
() \hF bF[
F hYFuFuF #nF{F{ &b~u F#FF #nF{F{uF \hFbF[
49
hYA hutAF N.
3.1.11.
hYW_hYbh~LF
YF_{~uFuF \t bqFL #uYf ADFuF hYW_ #u YuF bh~Ytu

~YFu bq{W_u hYW_hYbh~LF ~ #FYFF #FY N. #uYfhu
bq{W_, {F~ #FVuF \wF F AD uuF \wF &~ #FY N
X{F~ N \wF #uYf AD #FYF F{ \wu YF_{ ~uFu hn# #uYf
ADu hYW_ #u YuF N~ bh~Ytu ~YFF #FY N. F. . @L t {
Yuf (III-i-68/2167) \wF \z #YuF ~ @Lt{ AD #uYfh
@@c L]t@# (III-i-87/2776) \wF &~ #FY N X{F~ @@c
\wuF {F{ #jY{ F @Lt{ ADuF hYW_ #u YuF bh~Ytu ~ bqF
hYW_ #Yu @LF ~ T{ N. Y #uYf AD YF_{~uFuF
\tF h{Fb ~ bL bh~Ytu bF N. F. . # ( II-i-3/648)
ADu #uYfh bNuF \w "Y~@f ut{c ' (II-i-10/634 )F
F{ N, X{F~ # AD YtFuF f{b~ mYuuF h{Fb LQF
bh~Ytu bF N.
3.1.12.
\FFj{ \F#FuF bq{FV
bFhLhuhu# bq{XuFY h\ ~F ~F Fu F hYhAn F{tu

h\h ~ N. \FuF{tu ShnF ~F VYFu \wF~ @GLf , LtL #u #j{
bqX{{F F \FFj{ \F#F (Common terms ) bq{F N. #> # N
bqX{{ #um` u F~L hYhAn F{t AFtY N. #F _~YF bq{XuFYu
\F #u #Fumh` F{Ft bL h\ A_{F N. F. . r> uf , [> uf #u
uf #YF hVmF` bqX{{F F #F uf #Y \FFj{ \F #Fb N.
#> r> uf , [> uf #u uf F hYhAn F{Ft F #u r>f, [>f #u f #u m ` F
bq{FT{F N. #F #um`F w~ F uf #Y \FFj{\F ~ N. # \FFj{
\F#F bh~hAn - 3F #Fb N.
3.1.13.
h{Fb~h YF_{
bFhLhuuF {F~Lu bqX{ \w # Y YF_{ N. b~ bFhLhuuF

50
\wFF YF_{F N~ h{Fb (Copula), F #X{b \wF h\YF{ AFtYYFF

#F{ u. h{Fb~h YF_{ (Eliptical Sentence)uF bq{FVF bL \wF~u
bq{XuFY T AF{. #Fu bFhLhuu A ~ huF AF{. #FbL
\wuF \t bqFL h{Fb wY b| N, N G t { f (I-i-1/16 ) #F
\wF h{Fb u. #tu bwLt ~YF, #F \wF h{Fb wF \w #F bqFL
muA. - f G t m tL $
3.1.14.
#hYW_ bFuF bq{FV
{F~LAFuF hu{ bqFL YF_{F hYW_~h ADuF bq{FV

AF u.20 NF \wF~ bFhLhu# #nF{F{F #\{ #hYW_ bFuF
bq{FV {Ft N. F. . @ LtLQ (VI-iii-62/1000) $ #F \wF @ ADF
F hYW_ bqX{{ Yb~F{F u. #> #F bq{FV hhbF~uF bqF bL u
m`F N {F{FF~F# @ ADuF bq{FVu #hYW_ Fj{F N.21 #F
bqF~uF bFuF bq{FVF bL \wF~u FY T AF{. F hYFuFu
Shn# #F bqF~uF bF bqFQbFhLu{ bF N F~L #F bqF~uF bF bq{FNYFu
\wF~u YL u \b~ bn N.22
3.2.0.
FWj bq{W_#F
bFhLhuu {F~L #nF{F{ Sc uF{FV F{ \b AF{

Vq N. bq{XuFY F jaFu N. #F Vqu ~uFF FY, bnF #u
F\F FYYF L FWj bq{W_#F bq{F N. #> #FbL Fu
bq bq{W_#F hYA wF Ft ~A.
3.2.1.
#uYfh (Chain Technique)
#uYfh AD `]+GLf `F &b~ hubju ~YFF #F{F N. `]GLf

# #u\~Y. bFhLu{ {F~LAFF #uYfh bFh~Fh AD N. {F~
WiN #tu h\ ~YF #FVuF \wF AD ADF bw~ \w bNuF
\wF &F~u YFYFF #FY #u #bh #t YYFF #FY, X{F~ u
#uYfh ~ #FYFF #FY N.23 #F #uYfh L bqF~u FuYFF #FY
N. (@) `QLLf, () I[M>@J~]tL, () u@A #YF th\~Qt@L
#F #V A w F Ft ~ A .
51
(@ ) u\qFYQ #uYfh
{F~ #FVuF \wF AD, YiuF FbL \wu NFgF hYuF, uuF
bqYFu N, bNuF m`F \wFF #uYf F{ X{F~ #F bqF~u #uYfhu
u\qFYQ VVFbqYFYQ #uYfh ~ #FYFF #FY N. F. . uQYQ&`]`t@ FLf (I-iii-2) \wF uQYQ #u FLf #F mju bF ~Y_LtLQ
(I-iii-8) \ùF m`F \wFF &~ #FY N. #F bqF~u #uYfh `QLLf
#uYfh ~ #FF{ N.24
() |wzh ( Gait of a Frog ) #u Y f h
#F bqF~u #uYfhF #FVuF \wF #uYf b YiuF \w
\wFF #uYf u #u bNuF \wF bu #uYf F{ N. #F bqF~u
#u Y f h | w z h | w Vh # F F Y F{ N F |F F N
X{F~ w u F N #u Yi u Nuu #|F u, #> #FVuF
\w F #u Y f h #FYF AD Yi u F \w u NF | bNuF \w F &~
#FY N. F. . @Lt{ Yuf (III-i-68/2167 ) \wF @Lt{ b Lm]L]m].
( III-i-82/2555 ) \w \ ` #u Y f F{ N b~ Yi u F \~# o`# Y`Z
(III-i-83/2557) \w t~ftYHf (III-i-86/3444) F~ \wF #uYf
u. #u @ @ c # ( III-i-87/2766)F b u @L t { b #u Y f h
#FY N . #F | w z h bq F~u #u Y f h u \ ~ &F~L N .
() #bt #YF h\FYFh #uYfh
\FFj{ ~ #uYfhF #FVuF \wF bNuF \Fb \wF bu
#uYfh F{ N, b~ _{F~ #bh F{tu h\ ~YF F bFNuF
\wF #FVuF \Fb \wF bu #uYfh ~YFF #FY N. #F bqF~u
#uYfh #bt h\FYFh #uYfh YF{ N. h\ #FV F X{F~
F| bFN T bN #FV F N #F bqF~u #uYfhF bFNuF
\wF b #FVuF \wF YFYFF #FY FYF, u h\FYFh #uYfh
Y FF #FY N . F . . ` t` { cQ ( II-ii-10/704) # Y bFN ~ bw ~
\w #FVuF A> (II-ii-8/702) \F #uYfh bF N. #F #bt bqF~u
#uYfhu \~ &F~L N.25
52
3.2.2.
#h`F~ ( Heading Rule )
bFhLhuhuuF {F~L #nF{F{F #h`F~ bq{W_u wm N YbwLt

Fu N. #nF{F{u ~uFF #F bq{W_uF FF FF N. #h`F~ bq{W_uF
#uYfh bq{W_ \F VFc \m` N T \wF~ bFhLhu# bFFuF {F~LF
#uYfh \FuF _{F{ bL bq{FV {Ft u b~ #nF{F{u ~uFF #uYfh
#u #h`F~ # Y mju u bq { W _#F u F &b{F V ~YFF #F{F N .
#uYfh #u #h`F~ #F AFF bFh~Fh \F#F N. #F mju bq{W_#FF
#FVuF \wF bNuF \wFF &~ #FYY # \FFj{ mFm N. #h`F~u
#F #t F F#u Y f h AF{. #u Y f h ~F #h`F~ # ~ N F b|
N #h`F~ \w hu{ bq ~LF #u Y f F{ N #u bq ~LuF \w F
\F # Y F_{F Fb #t m F ` ~ FY N . #F~F Yf V ~ ~L b . hLA ~
&bF{F{ #h`F~u {F{F #F ~ #Fb N - ttM @ _L
`@t@{f $26 #uYfhF \w # # Y`F~ bq~LFF
&~ #FY F { N . #F #h`F~ #u #u Y f h Yi u F YuF N .
bFhLhuuF {F~LF #F[ #{F{F N #u ~ #{F{ F~ bFF hY_
N . ~ bFF hu{ bq ~LF bFhLhu# VF [ Y F N . ~ bq ~Lu \ ~ uF
T F , #h` F ~ \w A F{ N . F F bq ~ Lu b F bq ~ LF F Y > YFF
#FY F { N #u b F bq ~ LF u F #F~ bL #h` F ~ \w F{ N . #F
|F. hAF~ja bF[ {F{ N bFhLhu# #nF{F{u ~uF bwYt bq
#h`F~ \w F ~i{F A #u \w F u #F`F~ bq ~LF u ~uF ~ A . 27
#F #h`F~ \w F u #nF{F{u RCC STRUCTURE VL AF{. VYFu
bNhu Shn# #h`F~uF L bqF~ b| N.28 # N N{F# ~u #F~|FF
# b FY F YF \Vq #F ~ |Fu bq FhA ~ N #h`F~ bL
{F {F #hu{ bq Y t X{F X{F hu{u FbuF ~ N . #F bq bq F~uF
#h`F~ N . #F AF{ b Nh F bh~FF \w F u #h`F~
\w F VL N . @[> { @ h ( I-iv-1/232 ), tu t LAQ Q u{h @ f
(I-iv-2/175), # utt# (II-i-1/647) YV~ bh~FF \wFu bNhu
Shn# #h`F~ \w F ~ T AF{. F mT bq F~uF #h`F~ \w F u
VL AF{ {F @{ u F~L , #FVuF \w F F bu #u Y f h
53
F { . b Nh N N F ~ |F mF ` F| #j{ > u
N A F { N , @{ u F~L bw Y t \w F b u u F \w F &~ #FY
N . F. . L# @L ( I-iv-54/559 ) \w F ~ @L b, bNuF \w
" Lu Q @Q \Q L ] o ' ( I-iv-55/2575 )F , #F \w F ~ F @{ u F~L
> Fu #FY N . T bq F~uF #h`F~ \w u h\ FYF h #u Y f h b
T AF{.
3.2.3.
bqX{FF~ ( Short Form )
#nF{F{F bqX{FF~ bq{W_ bL # wm N Yu FWj bq{W_

N. #nF{F{\w bF[u mF~ 14 F~ #YF bqX{FF~\wF #FY N.
b~b~F Nm #F 14 \wF VYFu ~ bFhLhuu |~uF Yhu Yb #Fz{F
N. #F \wF F~\wF hAY\wF ~ #FF{ N.29 #YFtu bFhLu{
{F~LAFuF hYFuFuF #F \wFu ~uF bFhLhu# bF N ~ N.30
#F \wF Y| bqX{FF~Fu ~uF F{ N u bqX{FF~\wF bL N.
#~\FHuF{ ~ TLF #F \wFu bqYu bL bFhLhu F~F N { N.
FuY {W_\V N. #F F~\wF u bqFL N
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
F cf $
U ~G @f $
Q f $
Q f $
\ { r>f $
~ cf $
c ` f $
m f $
V |> Af $
[> Yf $
b > > r> L f $
@ u f $
Y A {f $
\ ~f $
54
&b~ AFtYF F~\wFF \w. I-iii-3 bqX{ \wu N| #FY \~f ({Nu)
FLf \ mu N. F hYFuFuF NlF F~ \w ~cfuF ~ F ~
. M. I-iii-2 FLf \ mu N. Fh@ { bqX{FF~ hubju ~YFF
#F{F N. 31 t{Q ` \Q L (I-i-71/2 ) bqX{FF~\F\w cf YV ~
bqX{FF~ mu N. #F \wuF #t #YF F{ N # ~F FLf \ YLtu
\F &ih~ #Fh YLt, Yi ~F YLFt #u bFFu \F mu N. #F \wu
F~\wFF 305 bqX{FF~F muFY AF{ N. #F #V bh~hAn 4 #FbYFF #F{ N. bqX{FF~Fu ~uFF bL \wF~ FYu {FuF ,
#nF{F{F m`F 41 bqX{FF~F bq{F{F N. #F bqX{FF~Fu hYV #
bh~hAn - 4, V, #u F F n F~F AFt Y N . FhAFYf h uu
Fh~FF bFhLhu F~F bq{_ 41 bqX{FF~F bh~VhL ~ N.32
@`f cr>#, Nh A#, t @c# ]# $

Q L] # , {# u#, Y~ A[> f # $$
bFhLhuhu F~F #nF{F{F bq{FT{F #F 41 bqX{FF~F &b~F FhAFYfhF
F~\w - 7 #Vt 4 bqX{FF~FF f bqX{FF~ ctM 119 L[>f
[>#F, #nF{F{N M. VIII-iii-28/130 &b~uF YFht Q tNL# Yt{
uH@{Qt{tL fF FX{F{u f bqX{FF~ VLF{F N, \F m`F
43 bqX{FF~F F{ N. u{{F~LF bqh{FF, h\FjF #u
h\FjF VqFF YF~F{ { bqX{FF~u #F bqX{FF~FF VL~
~F bqX{FF~F 44 F{ N. bFhLhu# M. I-i-71 &b~ F~\wF h\YF{
bFFuF {F~LuF F \wF &b~ bL bqX{FF~Fu ~uF ~ N. M .
IV-i-2/183 &b~ L ] u f , ] r > f #u uf ( r> - ] u f = uf $ #> r>
uF r> f #um` w~ ~ bqX{FF~ muFY N.) #YF L bqX{FF~Fu ~uF ~
N. #F N bqF~ M. III-iv-78/2154 &b~ tLf (tLuf - t\f = tLf #
tLuf Lf YV~ 9 b~b bqX{{F N L Lf YV~ 9 #FXub bqX{{F,
m`F 18 b~ mF ` hYW_bq X {{F ) #u Lf ( L Lf A ~
t\ \ùF (L - t\f = Lf) 9 #FXub bqX{{F) #YF m bqX{FF~F
~YFF #F{F N.33
55
3.2.4.
#um` (FLf )
bFhLu{ {F~LF FLf \ YLFt #YF #umù bq{W_ wm N

YbwLt Fu `~FY N. \wF~ VYFu bFhLhu# #nF{F{uF bq #{F{uF
T bF F FLf bq~L #Fz{ N. F FLf \ YLFtu Ft ~YFF #FY
N. M. I-iii-2 I-iii-9 \` 8 \wFF FLf bq~L tYFF #F{ N. FLf bq~LF
#FV FVF FLf YLFt, bFN T|FF FLf YLFt, FLf \ Y~F, FLf \
{NuF YV~ hYA \w hu{F #FbYFF #F{F N. #F FLf YLFtF, #nF{F{
{F~LF Q #u h\YF{uF m`F N Y~F N >f , f, f, f , > f , [> f, |> f ,
bf, f, mf #u \f h\YF{uF m`F N {NuFuF #um` ~ bq{FV {F TYF
N. FLf \ YLFt bFFu F{t bw~ F Fb bF N #u Nu F{F
F{ N uF #Vt FV muF u. #umùF &b{FV hYA F{tuF Fbu
F F{ N. 34
3.2.5.
FhuYQFYuF hu{
Fu #u #FA bFhLhubqF_ {F~LuF bFh~Fh ADF N. Fu

# w YLt Yhu, N u F Fu #F Au hY`Fu F{ N . #F A # N
Fuu N{F# w F { N . Fu #u #F A mju N N Y N . #F
Fu # V Y F{ F{t #F Au A u. FF{F~ N -
# QY# $ QYuG_QLLf @{cLf t`@QYQ

` u J`Q t L $ 35 #F Fu huh Y FF #FY F{t #F AF bL
A F bFhLhu `t`Q Y Q & `T ( I-i-56/49 ) \w #Fb N . #F
\wuF #t #F bqFL A - # YLtu &Au YFF #FYF F{tu NF|u,
#F A Fu N Y F F { N . # &F~L #F mFmu \# . u + @G
`F u #{{ f j u @ G F{ N . u @ G bu bq h {F #F bq F~ F{ N .
u+@G+ (III-iv-21/3320) > u+@G+uf (VII-i-37/3332) > u+@G+L]@f
( Lf ) + ( VI-i-71/2858 ) u @ G $ #F &F~LF VII-i-37 \w _
bqX{{uF Fu uf () #FAu hY`Fu { N. bN VI-i-71 \w tuLf@GLf
bq X {{ bw Y t vY @G `F u L] @ f #FV {F N . #> #F A uf tuLf N
b~ @G Lf u, u VL~ @G Lf bq X {{F F { u. _ @G Lf
56
N b~ uf @G Lf u. #F L] # V u VI-i-71 \w #> FV b|A

u> . X{F~ I-i-56 \w #F A Fu N Y F N VLFA . #> _ Fu N
#u @G Lf N , {F~ uf #F A N . #F A uf Fu _ N Y F VLFF
L] A #u u @ G b h\ A . 36
3.2.6.
bqX{{LuF hu{
bFhLhuhuu {F~L #u \w FWj {W_#F h| Vq N.

#F VqF bqX{{ L # YbwLt bq{W_ N. bFhLu{ {F~LF bqX{{Fb
(Syncope)u #FA FuYFF #FY N. M. I-i-56 bqX{{Fbu FhuYQ
FuYFF #FY N. #FtQ {F~ bqX{{Fb, Fb\F ~YFF #FY, X{F~
bqX{{Fbu FhuYQ FuYFF #FY N. Fb bF bqX{{ (Zero ) uF
FuuF (bqX{{uF) m`F N LF `~FY N. #FtQ bqX{{ m`F N F{Ft,
bqX{{uF Fb {F NF F{ N. bqX{{LuF hu{ #F bqFL N u~QuQ
u~cf (I-i-62/262) #F \wuF #t #F bqFL N Fb\F bqX{{uF
Fb F, Fh^ ( bqX{{u huh Fuu F) F{Ft F{ N. F. .
Q]Lf $ #F bu bqh{F #F bqFL A. QQ ]# (III-ii-90/3000) \wF
Qf+]+T_uf (III-ii-60/2975) > Q+]+f $ #> f #FQ bqX{{
N. M. I-ii-41/251 \w u #bf_ \F A. Q+]+0 (Q{uG_L
VI-i-67/375 #bf_uF Fb) > Q]Lf (VI-i-71/2858 \w L]@f #FV)
#> T_uf bqX{{uF Fb YF NF t@Lf #u @GLf FYF \F\uF &~bu
VI-i-139/2552 \w & F muFY N #u tuLf bL F Y F VI-i-71 \w
L]@f #FV F Q]Lf b hubju F{ N.
3.2.7.
YbVqLuF hu{
AD #u #t mju N N Y N. F{YF~F, \FFj{ ~,

#tu VqL F{ N. {F~ F - "T``'X{F~ FYuF~ {W_ #WumF{
#tu VqL ~ N. {F~LAFF F bq{FT{ bFh~Fh \F#F h\YF{,
ADFuF hY{F ADFuF Yb, b{F{t #u #tF, ADuF Ybu N VqL
F{ N. #F hYA bFhLhu #F bqF~ \w #Fb N h }uh YYh
(I-i-68/25 ) $ F. . `Q | > @ f (IV-ii-33/1236) \w Tù |> @ f bqX{{
57
hYh N. #> T` ADuF Yb +f+`f+Fu N VqL A. N T`+|>@f

>
T`+ > `f+=`Qh Yf $
3.2.8.
jVqLuF hu{
#FbL #FV T{ M . I-i-68 bqFL ADuF bFFuF bu VqL

F{ N. b~ bFhLu{ {F~LuF hYh`\wFF jVqL bq{W_ wm N
Yu Fu `~FY N. jVqL hYA bFhLhu #F \w #Fb N Q` ttLL
(I-i-72/26) #F \wuF #t #F bqFL A hYAL ju mF` #u bFFuF
Ybu mF` bL F{ N. # N hYAL hY`Fu ~YFF #FY hYAL.
hYAL NuF #F F{, hYALFj #FtQ j \F{uF #u bFFuF
YbuF bL mF` ~FY N. # FF #F mFmu Ft ~#. M. {f
Fcf L ( F =NY ) # Y F t `Fu #u F #jYFF `F#Fu f
bqX{{u hY`Fu ~YFF #F{ N, F+f = # $ N ~ t+f >
Q+f=# $ {f \wF F hYAL N, NuF hYh` YFF #F{F N.
#F jhYhùF hu{ \wF ~F F uF #t F@{L AD #u F bF
bL, #YF A.
3.2.9.
FhVqLuF hu{
bFhLu{ {F~LAFF FhVqLuF hu{ YbwLt Fu `~FY

N. #FV T{ , N hYAL bFFuF bu #u ju mF` F{ N
bFhLu{ {F~LF F\ bq\V &b~ Fhu VqL F{ N. {FtF
FhhYh` # jhYhùF #bYF N. Lt hYh` hYA M. I-i-72/26 &b~
VYFu FX{F{u YFht (7 ) #Fz{ N T`f ttL \ cQ $ 37
#F YFhtuF #t #F bqF~ A {F \zH{j ~f b~F #FYF F F{tu
hY`Fu ~YFF #F{ F{ #u X{F ~f hYAL b #FY F{ F YF Fu
~f b Lt u VqL F{ N. # &F~L #F hu{ bn ~#.
#nF{F{u M . LQ t u Q ( VI-i-79/63 ) FhVqLu \~ &F~L
N. #F \wuF #t A - @{t bqX{{ bFN #FYF Q #u uF FuF
#u f #u f (L ) #FAF F{ N. &b~ AFtYF YFht bqFL
\zH{j #FQ hYAL jhYh` YFu m Fh hYh` F{ N. #>
58
t \zH{j #FQ N #u uQ bu hYAL N #F {F~Fj bqX{{

#YF jhYhùF #t YFu m uQ #FtQ {F~ A F bqX{{
#YF Fh hYh` A #u QuQLf (IV-iii-160/1538) \w Df &F~L
h\ A.
3.2.10.
#YQFYuF hu{
{F~L AFF {F~ F # uF hY{F F{t Y FF #FY X{F~

#F # u t L mju Fuu F{t F{ N . #F hu{u # YQ FYuF
hu{ Y FF #FY N . #F hu{ F j{F{ &b~ #F`Fh~ N . N F
# {W_u # N b F { X{F~ u \F F F \F uFuF Fuu
F{t F{ N {F~LAFF # uF hY{F Y F{ F{t , # u
N Fuu ~YFF #FY N. #YQFYu {bhAYQFY bL N. bFhLhu
#F # V BLQ @ T`f ( I-i-21/348 ) \w #Fb N . # &F~L
#F hu{ \#. Ff bWV-ub\hV f{F--b hYuu
b A - f $ #F bu bq h {F #F ~ A Ff + f >
F++f ( VII-ii-102/365 ) F++f ( VI-i-94/78 ) b~b
> 0++f (VII-ii-113/267 \w FuF Fb) > f $ #> +fF
# N N . M t u ( VII-iii-102/202 ) \w F{t , T u
t FuYFF #FYA F A u>. #> #YQFYuF hu{ (I-i-21)bqFL
# N YLt N . u t L ~ \ AFA . #> u
LLf FuYF f b h\ A .
3.2.11.
\FYJ{tuF hu{ (Homogeneity )
#YFtu FFhYFuF Nu bhYFu (Morphophonemics) ~

#FYFF #FY N, uF \wF~ bFhLhu bh~h F. bFhLu{ {F~LF
\FYJ{tuF hu{u YbwLt Fu N. #F hu{ bF mFmF &b~ #F`Fh~
N. #F bF mFmF #F bqFL N (@ ) YFF, () &iF~LF, ()
&iF~L #Y{YF, ( V) bq{Xu #u () F\. Y~FuF &iF~LFu #F`F~
Y~FuF , V #u J~]L #YF L bqF~ b| N.38 # huhFu (#FuF
bF~FF NF \{) N. # FFuF Y~u vY, m FFuF Y~u
59
t #u L FFuF Y~u z Y FF #FY N. Y~FuF #F~F-#Y~F(Pitch)uF

#F`F~ Y~ L bqF~uF mu N. E - FYFh FuFu &b~ ({Q\)
&iF~FF Y~, `]E - FYFh FuFu u ({Q\) &iF~FF Y~
#u t{L - N Y~uF &iF~LF #F~uF F|F FV ( 1/2 FF M. I-ii32/8 ) & F #u mF E uF FV #u F &iF~F{ - #Ft Q N Y~F & F XY
#u #uFXY #YF YLt `Ft VF {F F{, Y~u Yh~ N. 39 `]`t@
(Nasality )u #F`F~ Y~uF m bqF~ b| N #uuFh\ #u #uuuFh\.40
bFhLhu \FYJ{tuF hu{ #F bqF~ #Fb N L]u`h cf (I-i-9/
10) $ #F \wuF #t #F bqFL A - F YV~ &iF~L Fu #u #Fo{Fj~{Xu,
#F mju N m YLFtuF \~F F{, m YLFt b~b~ \YLt mu N. #F \FYJ{t
F YLFtu &iF~L Fu #u #Fo{j~ {Xu TLYF N~ mu N. m`F ,
YLFtuF \ &iF~L FuF N. 41 uu Fn #F mFm AFtY N.
Y~ YLFt
{Nu YLFt
bAt {NuF #
&iFL Fu Y~
@f, f, f, Vf, f
@I>#
1
2
F f, >f, f, f, f f
L~]
U r>f, >f, [>f, |>f, cf, {f
M
3
4
~G Lf, f, f, f, `f, ~f
L#
uf, bf, f, mf, f
Q>
5
)(
& #{F V YF
\f t` (#)
Yf
Af
f
u`
uf / bf
`]{ ( h)
`t@
~ YVtuF bFF YLt
f, f, cf, `f, f
tM~f
.Q,
8
9
@I>L~]
@I>Q>f
LQ>f
Q,
tM~
@f / f
)(
10
#F Fnu #F`F~ _{F YLtu _{ &iF~L Fu N, bn \ AFA.

\FYJ{t F F bL m YLFtu &iF~LFu \~ FY T#. N ~
60
m YLFtuF #Fo{j~{Xu bL \~F FYF N~ N. #F #Fo{j~ {Xu bq{Xu

hYA wF Ft ~#. {Xu m bqF~uF N #Fo{j~ #u mF}. YLFtu
&Xbh \{ uF~F {Xu #Fo{j~{Xu #YF bq{Xu YF{ N #u YLFtu
&Xbh bNuF \{F #FtQ YLFt u mF~ u \{ F {Xuu
mF} {Xu N. F #Fo{j~ {XuuF F~ bqF~ b| N ( 1) uG > , (2 )
FAuG> , ( 3) tG L #u (4) h G L . &iF~L \{ &iF~L #Y{Yu
Whu #F`F~ YLFtuF uY , h L # , #u H #YF hYFVF b| N. @f
f \ùF 25 {NuFu bAt {NuF N. f, f, {f #u ~f #F F~ YLFtu
#j {NuF N #u Yf, Af , f #u \f #F F~ {NuF H { NuF
YF{ N. Y bAt {NuFuF #Fo{j~ {Xu u> F{ N . L# { NuF
FAuG> bq{XuuF N. Y~F #u H {NuFuF #Fo{j~ {Xu tGL F{
N.42 vY @{uF bq { F V F F h G L bq{Xu A b~ bqh{F FF F
uF #Fo{j~ {Xu tG L N A. 43 {FtF vY @{ uF bq h { F A F
bq{FVF - mjuF hGL bq{Xu N F{ N b~ {F~L{ bqh{F F bFhLhu#
vY #F~uF bqh{FFF tGL bq{Xu YF{Ft N. mF}{Xu t{, h{,
, `, VQA , VQA, uuc , \uc, L , `]L #u t{L
# 11 bqF~uF N. \FYJ{tF #Fo{j~ {Xu N &b{FV N b~ {F~ F
F{tF m Y`F~ YLFt # \F #FY, #FYF bq\V Fu \F \F Y`F~
\SA #FA u< ~YF F mF} {Xu &b{FV mu N. 44 #F \FYJ{tuF
hu{ # YLt bFFuF #u \YLFtuF mF` ~FY N. uu bh~FF \w
#F \YLtVqLuF hu{u bn ~ #Fb N.
c]tc u# (I-i-69/14) $ #F \wuF #t A #hY`{Fu
- Nu hY`Fu bqX{{, #FV #FA ~ u { F{ YF cf ( . M .
6 ) #u tLf ( @] ] r] > L] u] = \ ` uF 25 bAt { NuF ) bF FuF
\YLFtuF mF` ~FY N. #F \w , F, bF bFFuF 18 \YLFtuF mF`
~FY N. U #u ~G \YLt FYF (FX{Fuu tL@ "U~GcQt# I
f', M. I-i-9 &b~) \ \ bqF~uF bFFuF \YLFtuF mF` ~FY N.
, Q , Q #u u vY b u FYF, bqX{ bFFuF mF~ mF~
\YLFtuF mF` ~FY N. 45
61
3.2.12.
\F{tuF hu{
bFhLhuhubqF_ #nF{F{F mT #{F{uF #F~F (II-i-1) \F{tuF

hu{ #FbYFF #F{F N. bNh# # Y #FhKF \F{tuF hu{u
hYV Ft ~ N. bFhLhu \F{tuF hu{ #F ~ #Fb N # utt#
(II-i-1/647 ) $ #F \wuF #t A - b \m` hYh` \tu #Fh^ ~F
F{ N. N AD #tu Shn#, N AD \F b~b~ \mh` F{, mju
ADF b~b~ \t YF{ N. F. . {# u] A# $ #> {# #u u] A# #F
mju bF #tu Shn# b~b~ \m N, #F {u] A# #YF Xb~
\F\ A N. b~ m {#, u] AQ Q E F {# #u u] A# mju
bF b~b~ \m u, #> {# uF \m` m \F N, u] A# \F
u #u u]A#uF \m` {# \F u b~ QE b \F N. #F #tu
Shn# b~b~ #\m {# #u u]A# ADFuF \F\ AF u. bNh,
#F \wF #u u ADuF tt AD \F \YthYX{j \F\ YF~
N.46 \t #u b ADuF hYh` AD \F #YF #t A b \m` hYh`
\F\Fh #FFY \F{tu #F`F~ ~ N. # {`f f u] A ] q >
{u]A#F {# #u u]A# #YF bfQ bfQ #tYFF bF #[F hYhAn
#FFY AFtY N. #F mFm \F\uF #Fh hYVqu {FuF ~F YFF
#FY N. #F &F~LF hYAL-hYA{FY {h h `f u] A# # Y F
#FFY &bW F{ N. {F #FY #FFY \F{t F u, X{F
\F\ mu AF u. FhN h \t ADu FhL Fu, \tuF
#t \Fth^ hYh` #YF ~ N. #F M . II-i-1/647 &b~u YfhF N
- uh h Q tt# t LQ Q # $ YF_{FYFu {FuF ~F,
#F \wu m ~ #tu ~YFF #F{ N - uttL FtL
utL>tL $ #F #tu Nm uF #t, #tu Shn# b~b~ bF T|F{F
FYF T#, #YF F{ N. #F #FFY #u {bFFY # m bqF~u
\F{t FuYFF #F{ N. #FFY \F{tF NF NF #tYFF bF
uh]-@Lf #FFY bqFz ~ N. N F #u N NF NF bFFt
FYF NF u h^L F{ X{F~ u N N bqh u #u hb|
uFuF mT N bFt bq F{ N {# #u u]A# #YF NF NF #tuF
62
bF #FFY \F{t {u]A# \F\ mu {# #u u]A# bF hju

{hh`f u]A# #YF #t bqV ~ N. {bFFY \F{tF, YF_{F
bq{_ bF, bFbFFuF #tu bqhbFu ~F ~F @h , Q L #u
tE FXb{tYA b~b~ \mù #bF ~F N. F. . tu# #u tu
#F mju bF bFbFFuF #tu AFtYu tuTHu #YF YF_{F #FFFh
\m N. #F #> {bFFY \F{t N. b~ tL>L] tu#, tu ]@f
YF_{FF tu# #u tu #F m bF #FFFh \m u #F #> {bFFY
\F{tuF #FY FYF \t VLFA u>. F{F~ VYFu bNh ,
tmT_Lt` #u u{ffm #F L N{F# bhYh` YF~ N.47
3.2.13.
&X\Vt #u #bYFuF hu{
&X\Vt \w # \FFj{ hu{. F #bYF mFYF \wu #bYF

\w VLF{. uFVA #bYFu \TYF N - Q` ùJLQ Q tt{{LQ
L @Q mtL $48 #FtQ N \wu #Y{bqFWz F{, X{F~ N hYhùF
#F~ ~YFF #FY, hYh` #Y{ bqFz uF~ (&X\VtAF)uF mF` mu
N. #bYF\w hYA AF N, #u {F {F hYAAF bqYf F{ N, X{F
X{F \FFj{AFu #Y{ bqFWz FYF, hYA AF, \FFj{ AFu mF`
mu N. F N u h~FtF N. F. . u #t F Luf ( IV-i92/1088 ) \w cf bq X {{u hY`Fu ~ N . #F \w &X\Vt A F N . b~ L
Ff (IV-i-95/1095) \w vY #F~F bqFhbhu #bX{ #tF Ff bqX{{u
hY`Fu ~ N. #F \w #bYFAF N. IV-i-92 \w ~F IV-i-95 \w
Y`F~ mYFu VLF{ N. Y{ uh u] `f #tF vY #F~F
Y{ ADu, #bX{ #tF cf bqX{{ FVYFu m Ff bqX{{ FVF
Y{t #Y b hubju A. #F #bX{ #tF cf bqX{{ vY #F~Fj
h\YF{uF bqFhbhFu N FVA.
3.2.14.
hYbqhùF hu{
tutLAQ #V bFhLhu #F hu{ #Fb N tutLAQQ u{h @f (Iiv-2/175 )
#F bh~FF \w N. N {F~ hYbqh` # {m

hY~F`; {F~ NF NF F# h~Ft m \wF # \F # F{tF bqFz
63
F{, X{F~ u hYbq h ` {mhY~F ` Y FF #FY N . hYbq h ` F {

X{F b~\w bqFL #FtQ #nF{F{F bh[ \wFF N \wuF F bFNuF
F { , \w Nm F {t F{ N . F . . {+f ( - b hYW_
m Y u)F ] t u ( VII-iii-102/202 ) \w bq FL f bq X {FF~ A
F bq X {{ b~ ~ X{F~ vY #F~F bq F hbhuF # X { vY #F~uF t
F{ N . N \{ \ `Q Q L f ( VII-iii-103/205 ) \w N ~f
bqX{FF~ A F mYuuF bqX{{ b~ #FY, X{F~ vY #F~Fj bqFhbhuF
# X { #F~u N{F# #F A F{ N . Y f uF mf , f #u ~f
mju bq X {FF~F F \FhYn N . #F vY #F~F bq F hbhu V #u
mju #F AF # N \{ bq F z F{ N . #F #> hYbq h ` #YF
{mhY~F ` {F N . #FYF {mhY~F ` uF bq \ V tu t LAQ Q u{h @ f
bh~FF\w #FbLu b F{ N #u hu{ ~ #Fb N #> b~\w
VII-iii-103 Nm F{t A #F vY #F~Fj bq F hbhuF # X { " 'u
N{F# #FA F {Q# b h\ A. b~F{tuF #F hu{ \bF\zF{F{
bw ~ F FV b| N uF > ` Y T # . 49
3.2.15.
#h\uF hu{
#h\u bq { W _ #nF{F{u FWj \ ~ uFu \NYF F w m

N Yu Fu `~FY N. #h\uF hu{ \NF bF #nF{F{u hYhAn
~uF bh \ Y #FY{ N , F~L #h\uF hu{F w m N
YuF FV NY N . #nF{F{uF #F~ uF \ b w L t \F #{F{F #u
#F[F #{F{uF bq bF, #F #F \YF\F #{F{ #YF 29 bFuF
hYFVu uJL ~ #F YFF #FY N . Y mFEuF #F[F
#{F{uF L bFF u F hYFVu tu Y FF #FY N . #FbL 3.2.14
F Ft ~ V{F N# \bF\zF{F{F m \w F Yi {m hY~F `
hYbq h ` #FY X{F~ b~\w #Ft Q bFNuF u \w Y`F~ mYFu mu
N #u Nm F{t F{ N. b~ #nF{F{uF { FV \bF\zF{F{F
N \w F F F{F t u bq \ V u> , \w F u hbFF w YFF #F{F
N . #F \w F A hu{F ~ #F F{ N . bFhLhu #h\uF hu{ #F
bq FL #Fb N - uM tf ( VIII-ii-1 ) $ #F \w uF #t #F bq FL
64
A - \bF\zF{F{ \ m h ` bw Y t \ w u Shn# hbF \ m h ` b~\w

#h\ N #u hbFF bL u Shn# bw Y t \ w u Shn# b~\w #h\
N . 50 uM tf \w hbF A F{ N #u #F \w #h`F~\w N
#u u F #h`F~ #F[F #{F{uF F F bF bw ~ F F{ X{F \ ` ( VIIIiv-68/11 ) T{ N . 51 #h\uF #t "bq Y f u Y ' , "hubju u Y ' , "u
F Y F m~Fm~' # Y F F{ N . uM uF #t "bw Y t \ w uF bq { F V u Shn # ' # Y F
F{ N. \bF\zF{F{ \F \mh` \w u FYF m~Fm~ N u # FF
\# . + { # Y WhF Q & # ( VI-i-78/61 ) \w
f #F A F f + { muA . Y ~Q u # Y@ ( VII-iii-19/
67 ) \w f u F f u F F b F +{ muA . Y f ] c # ( VIi-87/69 ) \w uF # X { #u { uF #F # Y F bw Y t #u b~
Y~uF Fu Q #YF VLFA YF #FYA #u F Q{ #Y #hun
b muA. b~ ~Qu# Y@ \w hbFF bh[ N. #F uMtf
\w \bF \ zF{F{F bh[ ] c # \w u Shn # hbF uF \w ~Q u
Y@ F f u F F b #h\ mu N . #F +{ F F V L
#F A A u> . #> uF #u { uF Yi bq f hFY A . Y
uM tf #h`F~\w N #u u F #h`F~, #F[F #{F{ bw ~ F F{
X{F \ ` T{ N #FbL uF > { N . Y hbFF bL bw Y t \ w u Shn#
b~\w #h\ N u # &F~L \# . > ` f u bq h {F #F bq FL
A - >Lf+] > >+`]f (`f)+Lf+] (VII-i-70) > >+`f+Lf (]uF
FbVII-ii-68) > >+`f (LfuF FbVII-ii-23) > >`f $ #> #F WhF
VII-ii-23 \w Lf u F F b F{ N . Y VIII-ii-7 \w bq F hbhu #
#FY F `f u F F b bq F z F{ N . b~ hbFF VIII-ii-7 \w , VIII-ii-23
\w u Shn# bw Y t \ w F Y F, uM tf \w VIII-ii-23 ~ Lf u F
F b , VIII-ii-7 \w u Shn# #h\ muF, > ` f b h\ F{ N . #h\
# V AFFh\ #u F {Ft h \ # Y F m bF N . N #n F {F{F VYFu
bFhLhu# #h\uF hu{u Ft #j{ VI-iv-22/2183 F mh t@{ F
#u VI-i-86/333 F L] @ f -ttF ~ N . #F # V #F ~ Vq F F hYA Ft
{ N . 52
65
3.2.16.
hYFV~L ( Categorization)
hYFV~L #F`hu FFhYFuF wm N TL bq{W_ N. b

#u YF_{u \~uFu Shn# AF{ bFhLhu #F bq{W_ \b~ bh~h
N #u #n F {F{F w \ ~ uF ~ #F bq { W _ bq { F T { N . L]
utLut@u bwLt AD b (Complete word) #FtQ u muF bF
F\ bqh{F (Process)F b\F~ Y b| N. hYFV~Lu Shn# bFhLhu
uuF m { YF~ N. (1) bqFhbh uFuF wb ( Nominal
Stem )u FVuF~F 21 t hYW_ bq X {{F #u uF F~F mu ] Lu
#u (2) `F h{FADuF wb (Verbal stem)u F #u #tF FVF
9 b~ b #u 9 #FXu b # Y F m`F 18 tLf hYW_ bq X {{F #u
mu tLL u. 53 #F uFbF{Fu F{ `FbF{Fu F{, mjuF
h\ FFuF bFu bqh{Fu #Ffh hb~Fh| NY F{ N. #> #Fb #Ffh
#F mFm bn A.
]Luf
tLLuf
{#
u> t L
{ ]q(f)
u> f + Yuf + tLuf ( tL)
b~ {F~L{ bqh{Fu Shn# #F #Ffh &F hb~Fh| NY T{ N.

#> #Fb #Ffh #F mFm bn ~ N
]L}u`f
tLL}u`f
u@GtL + u
{ + r>(> F`)
{Q`
{Q c
u@GtL + u
u>f + tLuf
u> f + Yuf + tLuf
u> t L
Y uFuF bF{FuF bqFhbh ( I-ii-45-46 )u FVF ] q YV~ 21 bqX{{F

66
\F hYW_ #u ~ hYW_ #Yu, hYu #u mYu #YF L hF

Y>F{ N. ] u f bqX{FF~F AFtYF #F 21 hYW_ bqX{{F whYW_
bqX{{F N #u uFuF #u hVuF uF #F`F~ bFhLhu# #F 21 whYW_
bqX{{F ( Archetypal affixes )F #FA b hju hju bh~Ytu { N.
F. . {+r> > {+F` ( VII-i-72 ) > {Qc (`=c VII-iv-2 ) b~ #>
mLf+r> > mLf+ > mLF w bqX{{F bh~Ytu u. bFhLhu#
~ #F bqF~u bh~Ytu FF hYFuF Allomorph ~ TL N. 54 #
N ~ mT hYFV `Fu bF{Fu N. hY~L bqX{{u {FuF `FuF
t, t, ]\Qt YV~ \ hYFVF bF|YFF #F{F N. u {F~LAFF
Yc N. `Fu tLuf, Lf , t YV~ u , #u E b~ #u
#Yu, hYu #u mYuuF 9 b~b bqX{{F #u L, Lf, YV~
9 #FXu b bq X {{F #F 18 w b ~ mF ` bq X {{F ( Archetypal
affixes) FV N. #F bqX{{F tLf bqX{FF~ F~F \T{ N. `Fu #F bqX{{F
FVF F bFhLhu bh~YtuF ~ N. F #u #tuF bqX{{Fu bFhLhu ~
#Y \FFj{ \F #Fb N. `FF bwLt AD #YF tLf L b YYF
F `Fu ~f bqX{{ FV N. Fu #t F bFhLhu# ~r> f , t~r> f , ~] r > f,
~Gr>f, ~Qr>f #u ~Qr>f #YF 6 tr>Lf ~@{ #u ~f, t~f, ~]f #u ~Gf #YF
4 tLf ~@{ # m`F 10 ~@{ #Fz{F N . ~f u F FuF ~r> f , t~r> f
YV~F F # #FAu hY`Fu F{ N bN uF FuF tLuf , Lf , t
YV~ \FFj{ bqX{{Fu hY`Fu F{ N #u bFhLhu F #u #tu {FuF
#F bqX{{FF bh~YtuF (Allomorphs) ~ N. F. . mtL #YF tLLuu
bqh{F #F bqF~ A mM+~r>f (III-ii-123 ) > mM+~f (III-iv-69) > mM+tLuf
(~f uF FuF III-iv-78 \w tLuf bq X {{) > mM + Yuf + tLuf (III-i-168) >
mQ++tL (VII-iii-84) > mf++tL (VI-i-78) > mtL $ bFhLhuu {F~L
{Fh{F bq`Fu FYF # bwLt AD b hubju ~YF F #nF{F{uF NF
N F bq ~ LF \F YF b| N . ~ bq ~ L #h` F ~\w A F{ N . #
#h`F~ u #FYF bq~LF #h`F~\w #uYf u \FF ADF \F
# YF_{F \F` N. b h\h F \FFj{ ~ F~ F bF| AF{,
N
67
@1 + + + @2
#F Fu Shn# @A L f buF F bF\#
+ @{f + Af + FLf
#> #FbL @G `F b F[F , tL u tLf bq X {FF~ ( III-iv-78 )F #u
III-i-33 36 F
hY~L bq X {{ , #F F~ { F u T | YF b| N . F
F bh~YtuF #VFh`F~ (VI-iv-97)uF wmN YuF bq~LF AFtYYFF
#F{F N. #F hYFVu F bF hYFVFF Y>YFF #F{F N. #F`hu
FF hYFu #F bq F~uF hYFVu bhYFu ( Morphology ) N . N F
NF bq~LFu T|YF F \F\wF #u bh~FF \wF (I-i-46-63 ) &b{FV
mu N . #F #F hYFV ~ L bFhLu{ {F ~ Lu w m N Yu bq { W _
( Device ) N .
68
bF uF>`
\mHf , Vol . II, M . III-i-19, P. 47, >D - \mHuu#,
tt@{c FtL {t@ }u`Q@L# $
2. @tY@G t E#, Vol . III , P . 592 .
3. # Nu, Vol . IV, P . 183 .
4. Q u ~E uI[> Q # , @{ctL@ ] , Vol . II,
Lu]Au@{cf, P. 93 .
1.
5.
@tY@GtE# , Vol. IV, M . V-i-34, P. 45.
M. III-i-122.
7. u | > `Q { , M . V-i-114 ,
6.
L]`@~`h uJ t` $
`]t@{ch } tùL`f $$
8. @tY@G t E# , Vol . VI , M . VII-iii-69 , P . 78 .
F\ m\f $ >D - #, \Q mQ @tc
Lf, ut{u~`Q mMLf-mQZ uMu# $ u~` # $
#Nu, Vol. I, M. I-iii-23, P. 426.
10. \mH u u#, Vol . II, M . V-i-2 , P . 488 , tcQ \t#Y
u>Lf }u\c tmA \tt{ \ttYQAt\cf $
11. {F ~ LAFF bF bq F ~u Yf h #F Y F ~YFF #FY N . #F Yf h #F
#F bq F~ N ( 1 ) @G Lf , ( 2 ) LtL, ( 3 ) , ( 4 ) @YQ A #u
( 5 ) `t L] G t E. Yf h u {F{F F N #F tL @ ] ,
YQA u@{cf , P. 260 , @GLLtL@YQA`BL L]}u#
u G E # $ u{ t m`h G t E# $ G Q @h _h t \ # $ #FuF
&b~ N #F LQ t `, G t E# FtL uM c h h F\JL FtL
m# $ XX u Lm Q c u{u Lm Q ` Q ttY> Q & #
u # $ tmLQ Q ` Lu{ t m`f $ P . 260 .
12. N{F# bq { XuFY F , bFhLhu# , #n #t u h\h F
9.
69
14.
\F\ u A F{ X{F bL \F\YfhuF #F^{ `F N, N

`t (VIII-iv-47/48)$ #> ` f, `f, LT`f, `t #Y hYVq
YF_{ A. #F bqF~uF hYVqF #> u] u t LAQ A. b~ #n
#tu h\h F #> b{tF\bqhù N{F# uZutLAQ N~ N.
~YF F #> `f #YF \F\u N{F# hYVqYF_{ N {FNY
T#. #FtQ `tuF Fu ` t # Y YF_{ YFb~F ` uF #jY{
h{Fb \F F uZutLAQ muA #u #n #t F uF N bq{FV
N~ N. #F #F \w &b~u YfhF tL@]F FhN h
`t #YF \FFh\ hutAu m YF_{uF bq{FV {Ft N. an{ - fht u@{cf , Vol . I , M . VIII-iv-47 , P . 15, # u{ {Q NQ LQ
`t $ #FuF &b~ LQt` F N - `t FtL t u]#
Lf LLQ "`t]_LGYQ L tL# $' FtL ftm`Q&fGYQ
cQ \~# Lf, LLQ ~VLf \~Q QLf , LLf u Zu t LAQ
FtL tL $
G \ > Q Y Q {#, tNLQ m#, M . V-ii-47 , P . 1462 , &b~ `Q Y #,
t``tYQAcQ ]cQ @h ttLf $ LQ`Q\ `, Q `h m
t```Qtf mQt{tL $
@tY@GtE#, Vol. II, M. V-ii-188, P. 682 .
15.
#Nu, Vol . V, M. VI-ii-16, P. 19-20, ]tuQ# uDtm{t\
13.
utL\ch LtLYutLuf $
16. #Nu, M. VI-ii-103 , P . 96 , @tY@G t E# , Y \ ch @~t`Q & tu
t_> ut{ \ f $ #FuF &b~ # , P . 97 , F\ @~
uMY# $ ttY\cQ tL t_Y\ch mtL $ LLf
@~t`Q&tu t_Y ut{\Q tQ Y\cf $
tL@], LQt`, M. I-i-44 , P. 9 , Qh Qf - FtL Y#
@~tQ`Qmh LQ, utu@GLf, LQ` tÀQQ t@uo
`Y# h, tmAYQ t@u# h $
18. # Nu, u | > `Q { , M . I-iii-2 , Btu M @{@G LQ & `] ` t@u> F`*
ut{m > # , Ltu G t E@{tD\{~Q ` "@ u TL#'17.
70
F`] LQ $ N N #F tL@ ] , P . 14 , u t L`] ` t_#

utc`# $ hYA an{ @ . . h @ { , \mHu L`h [ > ,
u @ {c - 3 ({> ) $
19. @tY@G t E# , Vol . I, P . 408-409 , t{LQ ` {tYQ A Q c # ,
LQ ` tQ ` t@{Q Q t # $ t@{# tt`Q # $ t{L] c ] _ Lh
Y}ut@GLE{QutL>LQ $ utLt{L# utc`# $
20. {Yh @ { ml> , utc` D@{c @ `] Y ~` , P . 40 , uh
` u]L, ` @Q~ u@GtL# uQ_LD , ` @Q ~# u # $
an{ - \mH u L` h [ > ({> ) $
21. @tY@G t E# , Vol . V , M . VI-iii-62 , u{ , P . 261 , @ FtL
tmTL@Q t`QY# $
22. utc` D@{c @ `] Y ~` , P . 81.
~V]tL@], hu@{cf, Vol . I, P . 5 , m u@Y`, t~,
MQH>h uh ML{`]L`h $
24. hYA an {, #n F {F{ w h F | , P . 160-162 .
25. # Nu, bq ~ L - 8 . 0 ., P . 160-163 .
26. # Nu, bF uF > ` - 277 , P. 242 .
27. # Nu, P. 164 .
28. \mHf , Vol . I , M . I-i-49 , P . 264 , t@{Q ` tu @ {# $
@ToQ@QY# YtmZ~tL, uu# ]uZt~L#
23.
QotmZ~tL $ u{Q&t@{# - {Z h @>

`]@GHLQ, LN`]@GHLQ @{Qc $ u{Q&t@{# utLQh Lt`QY
FtL QQ QQ utL>LQ $ hYA hYV F N#F, #nF{F{ whF
| , P. 163 - 169 .
29.
`ht@Q{ @tY@ , ~Q@ - 2 ,

`G E `Q `r> { {Q `` |> _ @h ù{f $
L] @ # `@tt`Q L f t YQ tYM ~f $$
71
30. Cardona , Panini

. - A Survey of Research , P. 160-161 .
tL@], hu@{cf, M. uQYQ&`]`t@ FLf I-iii-2/3 , &b~u

Yfh, P . 14 , McQ` \QcQ {QbQ {~Q# h $
32. @tY@G t E# , Vol . I, . M . 14 (\~f ) P . 59-60 . N N #F
mAGtE#, P . 1 .
33. hYA an { - #n F {F{ w h F | , P . 185 - 186 .
34. hYA Ft F N #F , # Nu, P . 169 - 172 .
35. \mHf , Vol . I , M . I-i-56 ,, P. 290 .
36. hYA an { - #n F {F{ w h F | , P . 197 .
37. \mHf , Vol . I , M . I-i-72 , tE @ - 7 , P . 392 . hYA an {
ut{mAQYQ{# , ut{. 33.
31.
38.
M . I-i-27/4 $
39.
M . I-ii-29/5 , I-ii-30/6 #u I-ii-31/7 $
40.
M. I-i-8/9 $
41.
Qu~E uI[>Q#, tL@], M. I-i-9/10 &b~u FhNu Yfh,

Vol . I , P . 27 .
42.
FhN h L{` u F~ bqF~uF VLFY N. F H { NuF

#u Y~F u F tG L bq { Xu Fu N . #F F~L L] u `h c f
\w uF #F`F~ #u \f , F #u Yf , U #u Af #u ~G #u f #F YLF t
b~b~ \YLt mu N. t+YL~fF \YLtt \h`, #u t+\{tL
YV~F cf \h` YFu #Fbh #FY N. u w~ ~YF \wF~ bFhLhuuF
`Z~ (I-i-10/13) \w &b~u YfhF FhN N - LQ`
- \{tL, YL~h, A>h, tQA] u{QA] ct@h ` $ V`t
\@{`tu \c@Y~h Lf $ tL@], (Qu~E
uI[>Q#) $ b~ ~V]tL@]@{ Y~~FN L{ ùF u>,
F A uG > , F A f t G E , tG L #u h G L # Y F bF bq F~ bF| N . #>
# F H { NuF #u Y~F u F #Fo{ ~ {Xu N F bF| N . u Shn #
72
H { NuF u F #Fo{ ~ {Xu F A f t G L N #u Y~F u F #Fo{ ~ {Xu

tG L N . #F bq FL YF~YF H { NuF #u YV ~ Y~F \YLt
muA u> . #F # F FF{u #u \ ~ H { NuF #u Y~F F
#Fo{ ~ bq { Xu Y F ~ N . bF bq F ~uF #Fo{ ~ {Xu Y F ~YF
`Z~ \w u #FY{F ~ A u> .
43.
44.
tL@] (Qu~E uI[>Q), P . 30, c uQQ

hGLf $ ut@Yh L] tGLQ $ L M@{Qc tuLf $ Lt\
- (VIII-iv-68/11) $ tGL`MB hGLQ&`Q` tLQ $
#Nu, hu@{cf, P. 33, uò Btu ch`]u]_L#,
LJL{Lu{]uQL FtL Qf $
#Nu, M . I-i-69/14 , &b~u Yfh, P . 39 .

46. \mHf, Vol . I, M . II-i-1, P . 341 . u Q { h ttYQ ` 45.
tm_L# # $
48.
hYA Ft F an{ - #nF{F{ whF |, P. 213 -215.

ut{mAQYQ{#, ut{, P. 57.
49.
hYA an{ - #nF{F{ whF |, P . 213 - 215 .
50.
tL@ ] ( Q u ~E uI[> Q ), Vol . I , h u @ {cf , M .

VIII-ii-1/12, P. 31/32, t@{Q&f $ LQ` uuL* utL tuBt $ tuBtu uM utL u{h Yth Lf $
@tY@GtE#, Vol. VI, M. VIII-ii-1, P. 329, "uM tf' Ft@{Q&
ut{JLQ# $
47.
51.
52.
#nF{F{ whF |, P . 215-219.
53.
M. ]TJLLh uf (I-iv-14/29) $
54.
hYA Ft F N#F, #nF{F{ whF |, P. 219 -228 .
73
bq~L - 4
{FV hYFV uF #t #u hYFYuF
The general aim of these devices is, to secure

the right interpretation and proper application of
Panini's
rules; to refute objections that might be
.
raised to them; to extend the sphere of the rules
of the Astadhyayi,
so as to make them apply where
..
at first sight they would seem to be inapplicable,
and to render additional rules unnecessary; and
sometimes also to shorten or simplify those rules.
F. Kielhorn, A Reader on the Sanskrit Grammarians, p. 123.
bq~L - 4
{FV hYFV uF #t #u hYFYuF

Q AD u F #t
Q AD ]f `F &b hubju {F N ]f `F, `FbF[F <
VLF b~b #u ]{< VLF &{b, T|Y #tF, N #FXub,
hu> Y #t F bh[ N << VLF bh[ ] f `F #FXu b
#u uu # F Vq ~ Y #t F bh[ N . N ] < {f Q Q (] f ) `F <
4.0.
VLF &{b #u T | Y , YVF| Y , & ~ Y , &b{F V F Y #FYF #F t F

bh[ N . \ f FFF Q AD hju hju #u #F t F bq { F T {F N .
Q# <EG<E`h <`{Q#1 # \wF VYFu bNh# QuF #t hYfhuF
hu~F ` # Y F {F t N #u F {YF~F bL #F #t F N AD bq { F T {
N. YFu hAY~F #Fz, uF \f - #Vq FAF Q ADuF \FF~L
37 #F t #Fb N . 2 b~ ~ AFF bF bF FuF AFu #u b bFh~Fh
#tF Q AD bq{FT{F N.3 bFhLu{{F~Lu FAthu AFFF {FVuF
#t " Y@TuL Q u Q @f ' ~YFF #F{F N. 4 b~
bFhLu{{F~LAFF Q ADuF #t M # Y F ~YFF #F{F N .
#F #t F F{F~ b Nh# FF{F Q ADuF mF F &b{F V
{ F t N . Y{ \w F ~ bFhLhu# #n F {F{F #F #t F Q AD u F #u
Y bq{FV {Ft N.5 YFhtF~ FX{F{u bL #F #tF {FVADuF bFFuF
YFht F F bq { F V {F t N . 6 < VLuF ] < {f Q Q (mu) `F u
"@{c<@{cQo' (III-iii-117/3293) \w <@{c #tF Vf bqX{{
FV Q AD hubju ~ YFF #F{F N . #F #t F {F ~ LAFF \w
F {F V AD bq { F T {F N . #F Q ADu { X bh A - h ] Z LQ
~<c T`f F<L Q # $ 7 #F u uQ B Q L > r> @ F Y uF
bF{V | N - Q ` _Q ] Z LQ Q # F<L $ bFhLhu bw Y t { F
75
#FF{t {F bL <` FF , #F #t F Q ADuF bq { F V {F t N .

# F N - " L<\ Y@G LQ Q o ' $ 8
4.1.
{FVhYFVu bq{W_
bFhLu{ {F~LF, {F~ {FW\wF F hAnbq{FVu h\h

A u F{, X{F~ YF bq{FVu h\h F bh[ \wF F ~F~ {Ft
hYuF, \wuF # Y`F~ hYFV ~, YF, #j{F h\ hAnbq{FVu
h\ ~YFF #FY, bqF~u bq{W_u {FVhYFV ~ #FYFF #FY
N. bFhLu{ {F~LAFuF bqF| hYFu Franz Kielhorn {FVhYFVu
#F ~ \TY N
"Yogavibhaga is the splitting up of a rule into two or more separate
rules. XX Its general purpose is, without altering the wording of the
text of the Astadhyayi,
simply by different divison of that text, to
..
obviate objections that might be brought against Panini'srules,
and
.
to make those rules teach more than they would teach otherwise or
that Panini
has taught himself. ' 9
.
{F~L~h{FuF \{ bN Fm VF {F F FFbh~Ytuu
F~L, {F~L~h{Fu #\FY`Fu wN V{ FF\FVqu F~L
#u FFF & ~ F{ uY FF\FVq u F ~L , F #F bq F ~uF hAn
FF bq{FVFu \TYYF F, u {F~L #bq mu N. FFu #F
\FhN bqh{F N. X{F~ bNuF F|F {F \N FFhY F w
{F~LVqu Y \, u #u (Up-date) muFYYF #u u #JL
~Fu uF N hu{FuF ADFF ~F~ {Ft hYuF, F uF hu{uF #
Y`F~ |F bF| uY #u wN V{ FF \FVqu \FYYFuF uF
bq{Xu {FVhYFV bq{W_ F~F {F N. \f {F~LAFCuF bqF| hYFu
. . FAuF YF\Y #o{~ #F #V bn N " Division of a rule which has been traditionally given as one
single rule into two for explaining of formation of certain words which
otherwise are likely to be stamped as ungrammatical formation. ' 10
4.2.
{FVhYFVuF &QY #u hYF\

{FVhYFV bq{W_uF {F~LAFF _{F~ #F~ {F hYA F<\
76
Fh bqFz u. b~ bFhLhu# hYFt#Fu LFY Y #F bq{W_

bq{F YF & FF{F N. VYFu bNh N - @h
QLLf Mh u<>LDf <@f "@[>{Q@ h' F<L, \QTLf "u@f@[>{u{h
@'f F<L ? XX m Qc
<YH# Mh u<Lu<L# $ @Q<Lf "@[>{Q@
h ' F<L $ @Q<Lf " u@f @[>{Lf u{h @f' F<L $11 b~ bFhLhu bN
{F {Fh|# {FV hYFVuF bn & {Ft N. {Fh| bFFuF bFhLu{{F~L
&b~uF bh~FFVqF bh~FF #Fb N - "Q<m<><<#'12 $ {F~L
FFu (Usage ) #ù F{ N F hAn bq{FVu h\h F {FVhYFVuF
bq{FV ~ AF{ N, #hunu h\h F u>. . . FAuF YF\Y #o{~u
Shn# {Fh| YFhtF~ FX{F{u bN #u bNh bFuF \{ VFFF
{F N #u L {F~LAF &b~ # F F bh~FLuF f\ uFuF
hYFbwLt Vq {F F, N #FN &bD` u.13 {Fh|# #Fb &b{t_
bh~FF {FVhYFV bq{W_ {Fh| bwYtuF Y{F~LFF bqh Y bn
\ AF{ N. {F~LAFF \w F bh\h u. #F F \w
&b~F Yfh, YFht, bW_ #u bh~FFu #FY{F ~ N. F{F~ bNh
N - ` @Q ~h u <` D`h G < # Lf Q < <L $ <@* L<\ $
\{ch u]\{ch _\{ FQLLf ]<Lh D`h m<L $14 bFhLhu
bN {F Y{F~LF# n h\h F {FVhYFV bq{W_uF #F^{ `F N.
b h \h F {F V hYFV h\YF{ bq , hu t A N Y m bq { F W _#F bL
{F~LAFF bq{FT{ TYF N. F bqu bq{W_ Y`F~ bqh
{ TYF N. #FbL #F bq{W_ hYA \bF Ft ~A.
4.3.
bqu bq{W_
u~QA \F bqFhAF{ VqFF wm N bqh\ N. #F \F Yh \hùF
# bq N. F m Y~F \hù F~L # Y~u Yb VqL ~F F{

N #u u < Y~> ~ #FF{ N. 15 bFhLu{{F~LAFF, bFhLhu
bNuF Y{F~LF#, {F bFhLhuuF {FW \wF F uF \{F
hAnbq{_ FFbq{FVF h\ A u F X{F \wFuF ADFF ~F~
{Ft hYuF \wu \h` wN bF|, N YLt \h` NF| Y \FFj{ ~ F
u F, YLt \hùF hu{Fu #uw ~, AFtYu nh\h ~ N, u
77
u~QAu bq{W_ ~ #FYFF #FY N. . . FAuF YF\Y #o{~

u~QA bq{W_u #F bqFL \TY N 16 "Mention of a thing in a coalescence, which when split up, shows
a phonetic element or a letter which could not be known before the
components were separated. '
#F bqF~uF bq, \h` wN bF|, Y~YLFt {NuYLFt Yi Y~

{Nu, N bqWn F{, u AFtY nh\h ~YFF #FY N. F. . Y~YLtuF
bqu &F~L #Fb AF{ - I-i-27 &b~uF F{F `] u ` Lf (IVi-14 ) $ FF{ F ~uF `] u ` Lf AD F `] u ` --Lf #
\h` NF|, Y~uF bq AFtY "#F~Fj b~ ~F #u Lf #FA &b\Ntu
hjuu F{ N . ' Y F #t F @ m@{Q # b h\ F{ N , N #j{F
h\ A u.17 N ~ {Nu YLtuF bqu &F~L N - T_<L
(I-i-5) $ #> T_Lfu \h` \FFj{~ @f - f-FLf # NF| AF{
N. b~ #> @f #u fu Yi fuF bq FuYFF #F{F N. #F T_Lfu
\h` @f - f - f - FLf bqFL NF| #> f uF bq Fu, <Hc] # , mM H c] #
#YF #j{Fh\ bFu h\ ~YFF #F{F N. 18 #F F> bu h\h F
Y{F~JFF# u~QA bq{W_uF #F^{ `F N. #F &b~F bh\h F bFhLhu
#u uF &~Yt Y{F~LF# hutA bq{W_ ( Mention)u bL bq{F N.
#F bqF~u bq{W _F @YQA<`QY
, <mT_L@ <`QY
, ~]JL<`QY
, <N@{@<`QY
YV~u VLFY AF{. 19

bFhLhu bNuF FF FFF {F F AD bh~YtuF, bFhLhu
F~F wN V{ FF\FVq #u FFF &~F{F F uYF ADFu
{FuF , bFhLhu bNuF Y{F~LF#, bFhLu{{F~L b~b~Fu #JL
~FYFu iNF, bFhLu{ \wF h\ u AF bq{FVFu h\ ~YF
{FVhYFV, bq, hutA NY bq{W_#F bq{F N. bFhLhu, FX{F{u #u
bNh - #F hu{uF hu{F N hAn bq{FVF h\ A u F,
YF bq{FVFuF \F`XY F, #nF{F{ bqFhY Fa{F~LF uY
FF \FVq &~YFF #FY. #nF{F{ &b~u FhAFYfh &b~ Fa{F~LuF
LF N bqFY N, bn ~ T AF{ N. N # ] { Lf (IV-iv4.4.
78
78/1630 )
$ #F \w E{]{c#, <c]{c# ADF h\ AF u.
#F F FhAFF~ #F \wF {FVhYFVuF #F^{ #F mju ADF h\

{Ft N. #> FhAFF~ &b~ Fa{F~L M . Q E {<cQ # # ( IIIiv-138 )u #\~ bn ~ T A F { N . #F & F ~LF u h\h FF{
h\FjFF #FbYFF #FY u. Y hAn bq{FVFu h\h (nh\h)
F {FVhYFV # YbwLt bq{W_ N. b~ #F bq{W_F YiNFF~ hAn\
u. #FtQ {FVhYFV #hunh\h hAnFj{ u. {FVhYFVu #F bqF~u
{Ft F uF>`F . . F. YF. #o{~ \Fm N " Although this yogavibhaga is not a happy method of removing difficulties and not to be followed as a last recourse, the Varttikakara
has suggested it very often, and sometimes a sutra which is divided
by the Varttikakara into two, has been recognised as a couple of sutras
on the Sutrapatha which has come down to us at present. ' 20
4.5.
bFhLu{ {F~LF {FVhYFV
bFhLu{ {F~LF #j{Fh\ ADFuF \F`XY F {FVhYFV bq{W_uF

#F^{ hAn bq{FVFu \F`XY bqFhL ~YFF #F{ N u \AFùFX
#{{u # bFF bq~LF hYF~ #Fz{ N.
4.5.1.
FX{F{u F~F \Fh^ {FVhYFV
YFhtF~ FX{F{u bFhLhuhu bqF_ #nF{F{F 30 \wFF

{FVhYFVuF #F^{ #j{Fh\ FFbq{FVFu \F`XY h\ {t N.
4.5.2
bNhhuF~F \Fh^ {FVhYFV
FF{F~ bNhhu# m`F #nF{F{uF 56 \wFF {FVhYFVuF

#F^{ u #j{F h\ bFu bh\h ~ N.
FhAFF~ N{FhX{ #u YFu, u #nF{F{ &b~u \{_YfhF
#nF{F{uF m`F 36 \wFF {FVhYFV bq{W_ bq{F bh\h AFtY
N. F #FVuF #FF{Ft# N \wFF {FVhYFVuF #F^{ `F N #YF
\wF mF ~F M. I-ii-50, II-i-40, II-iii-31, II-iii-32, III-iii-100, IV-i-94,
4.5.3
IV-iv-78, IV-iv-101, V-i-57, V-i-125, V-iii-102, V-iv-75, VI-iii-84, VI-iv12, VI-iv-95, VI-iv-171, VII-ii-3, VIII-i-15, VIII-ii-3, VIII-iii-109
79
\wFu Ft # bFF bq~LF ~ N. #F bq~LF 5.3.2. F #

FhAFYfh &b~u hNujamhu F FhAFhYY~LbhNF #YF j{F\F
\Fh^ m`F 17 {FVhYFVFu Ft ~ N #u 5.3.2 bq~LF FhAFYfh
&b~u ~hû b N~ F F \Fh^ m`F> 40 \w F &b~uF
{FVhYFVu Ft ~ N. #F F\ \wFF 39 {FVhYFVF, #VF&uF #FF{Ft
FX{F{u, bNh #u N{FhX{-YFu F~F Yf FYF #F bq~LF
M. I-iii-46u F Ft ~ N #u bu~W_ F N.
20
bFF bq~LF 5.4. bq~LF # #nF{F{ &b~u b~FYu

FFYfhF \Fh^ m`F 17 {FVhYFVFu bh~VLu {t N. #VF&uF
Ft bFF #FF{Ft F~F Yf {FVhYFVFu mF ~F # M .I-ii-4, IIi-37, II-iii-43, VI-iii-67, VII-iii-59 # #j{ #FF{F t F~F u> Ft { F
5 \w F F \Fh^ {F V hYFVF u Ft ~ N .
4.5.4.
# 5.5. bq~LF bqh{Fbq`Fu VqFuF Ft# YF~F {FVhYFVu

Ft ~ N. #> 5.5.1 F bqh{FFF~ ~FaFF{t F~F \Fh^ m`F
5 \wF &b~uF {FVhYFVFu Ft ~YFF #FY N. F 5.5.2 bq~LF
Y{F~Lh\FjFF~ FhN h m`F 27 \wFF {FVhYFV
bq{W_uF #F^{ `F N u Ft N. YFhtF~ A ~ bN~F~
~ \ùF bwYFtFFt F~F Yf {FVhYFVF mF ~F, mFuF M.Iiii-8, II-iii-25, III-iii-113, VIII-iv-22 # F~ \w F F F h N F~F \Fh^
{FVhYFVFu hYYu ~YFF #F{ N. #F YFhtF~ FX{F{uhu #F~
FhN h \ùF Y{F~LF F~F Yf {FVhYFVFu {_F{_XY #
bFF bq~LF hYF~ { N. #F m`F {FVhYFVFuF \FF~L hYLu
# bh~hAn - 5 F w _{ N .
4.5.5
80
bF uF>`
1.
^ju~F AFt, ^ bFN{FVAtu, #FuF^, mF, \Fh`bF,
M. 2, P. 11.
2. The Practical Sanskrit - English Dictionary, P.788-789.
3.
4.
m @@{, uF @QY F hYhY` AFFF bq{FTF Q

ADuF hYhY` AF{ #Ft #Fb N. a{ - P. 670 - 671.
#Nu, P. 670, @{cL] Y@TuL Q u Q @Q
Q# (YT_L#) {F u@ F\]# $
5. S. M. Katre, Dictionary of Panini,

Vol. II, P. 471.
.
6. Shridhar Shastri Pathak & Siddheshvar Shastri Chitrao, Word index to Panini
Sutrapatha
and parisistas, P. 154.
.
.
7.
\mHf, Vol. I, P. 2.
8. H. M. Bhadkamkar, The Nirukta of Yaska, Vol. I, I. 2, P. 44,
L L]>fh `QuuBLQ ]u]u``h Y`<L{QL{QuQY# Y@GLQ

Qo $ N an{ - ~FNYF|u Notes, P. 223.
9. Devices of Indian Grammarians, A Reader on the Sanskrit Grammarians,
P. 127 - 128.
10. Dictionary of Sanskrit Grammar, P. 295.
11.
12.
\mHf, Vol. I, M . I-iv-1, P. 191.

ut{mAf\#, D<[>@GLut{mAM`f, ut{mA - 68, P. 30.
13. Dictionary of Sanskrit Grammar on Vyadi, P. 351.

14.
15.
16.
\mHf, Vol. I (Kielhorn Ed.) uouYt@f, P. 11 $

M. D. Shastri, Rgvedapratisakhyam,
II-15-20, LQ u T ~Hr> `
.
h# $ (1931 Ed.) $.
Dictionary of Sanskrit Grammar, P. 253, N Kielhorn, A Reader
on Sanskrit Grammarians, P. 129.
17.
\mHf, Vol. I, M.I-i-27, <E@ - II, P. 207.

81
18.
@<Y@G<E#, Voi. I, M. I-i-5, P. 84, @{Q&J mMLQ <`<oLQ $
~<o _`]# (III-ii-139/3119) $ <Hc]# mMHc]# $ #FuF &b~ a{

- #, P. 85, j{F\F~, N{FhX{u #F{F{ &b~u Y Yfh
F N- "T_<L ' F @{omMLQ <`<oLQ, LQ` ]cQ `
m<L $ "f]@# <@<L (VII-ii-11/2381) F j{F\F~ {Ft N.
uF \{F #F mju #FF{Ftu \bwLt #nF{F{ &b~u Y Yfh#F
&bD` A b N. #FN #F Yfh#F u.
19. hYA Ft F N#F - Kielhorn, A Reader on the Sanskrit Grammarians,
P. 129 - 131.
20. Dictionary of Sanskrit Grammar, P. 295.
82
bq~L - 5
bFhLu{ {F~LF {FV hYFV

5.1
YFhtF~F_ {FV hYFV
Q ` {`t \Q {Lf $
@G`h D@{ch uQ_Lh L utc`Q `# $$
Q ` L t{# u] h h t~ # Yt{tm# $
Lo`h tm`h L utc`Q `# $$
_L`] _ L _Lh Lf M Q h Y ] Q ` LLf $
uQ_Lh utct`Mh Lh Q @`h @tf $$*
* ( tuLG {c t@YQ { u> @ ) $
bq~L - 5

5.1.
YFhtF~F_ {FVhYFV
YFhtF~ VYFu FX{F{u u AFtYF \wFF {FVhYFV YF~,

u Shn# #j{F #h\ #YF bq{FVFu bq{FVh\hu F{t { N.
q I-i-17-18 SK 106-107
2. Q T Q u ` I-ii-48 SK 656
3. A> ] _ Lo> t I-iv-9 SK 3389
4. tH ` `Q I-iv-17 SK 230
5. u u # t@ Q Q I-iv-58-59 SK 21-22
6. tmA&uut{t\{# u II-i-11-12 SK 665-666
7. L] Q \ ~ h > t II-iii-62 SK 3396
8. @ T I[> Q { TL@] TI[> ` f II-iv-70 SK 1152
9. `DmLQ & u# II-iv-83 SK 657
10. T~A t~`Q III-i-46 SK 2514
11. L] @ Q @f III-i-67 SK 2756
12. DQ \ ~ f III-i-85 SK 3433
13. ] t u # III-ii-4 SK 2916
14. ~G r > # N III-iii-14 SK 3107
15. `BL`Q ~] r > f III-iii-15 SK 2185
16. t@ tm\{ ~Q r > f ~Q r > Q t\ LQ # III-iv-2 SK 2825
17. ] H Q { L{h IV-iii-1 SK 1370
18. @G LQ Q IV-iii-116 SK 1496
19. LQ & `f V-iii-5 SK 1951
1.
84
@Q NQ u VI-i-1 SK 2175
21. # u {cL VI-i-32-33 SK 2586 / 2417
22. Q M f ] VI-i-89 SK 73
23. u Q # uM c # VI-i-102 SK 164
24. @{`T` u h \~ VI-iii-10 SK 968
25. uQ Y Q & L# VII-ii-62 SK 2295
26. F f f , L f , Q # VII-iv-117-119 SK 297, 256, 247
27. { VIII-ii-24 SK 280
28. `] T ` YD Q & tu VIII-iii-58 SK 434
29. Q Y u Q # VIII-iii-59 SK 212
30. uM u h # VIII-iv-3 SK 857
20.
YFhtF~ VYFu FX{F{u AFtY

F &bh~huhtn {FVhYFVFuF {_F{_XY
hY Y #FbL A hYV Ft ~A.
1.
I-i-17-18 SK 106-107
FX{F{u q \wF {FVhYFV ~ N. u Shn# # # Y F #

{FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - #FF{t AF{ (AF{u #uYfh M .
I-i-16 SK 105 )uF f hubFu bq V } \ F A . AF {uF f u
bqVf} \F YF + FtL = FtL #Y b muA. AFuFh #j{ #FF{FtuF
fu bqVf} \F A u>. +FtLF bqfhFY u YF F@Q ct
(VI-i-77 SK 47 ) \w cf F {t YF + FtL= ttL #Y b muA.
mT {FV q A. #F {FVF \wFt A - AF{uF fuF FuF
t#uuFh\ #u bqVf}\ q #FA A. AF{uF q+ FtLF
bqfhFY F q FtL #Y b muA. #F #FF{t AF{uF FtL
#u q FtL #YF m bF muA. AFuFh #j{ #FF{FtuF fu bqVf}
\F u YF, cf \h` F +FtL =ttL #Y b mu N. #F FtL ,
q FtL #u ttL #YF L bF h\ F{ N. 1
\wuF # {FVF, # #> {FVhYFV u ~YF, #FF{t AF{uF
85
f uF FuF q #F A A . q FtL #Y # N b h\ AA,

FtL #Y b h\ AA u>. {F~ #j{ #FF{FtuF ttL #Y
b h\ A. #F \wF # {FV YF~YF q FtL #u ttL #YF m
bF N mu AA, FtL #Y b mu AA u>. FX{F{uuF
FtL bu h\h F #F \wF {FVhYFV ~YF N~ N.
VYFu bNh N F #j{ Y{F~LF q # Y # \w
Fu N b~ &b~ AFtYF L bFu h\h F #F \wF {FVhYFV YF~
N. bNh "q Y@ ' YFht FtL #u q FtL # Y F m b F
#u #j{ #FF{FtuF ttL b, #F L bF h\ ~ N. 2
bqbF~ { ttL #u q FtL #YF m bF #u AF{VqLu #uYfh
FtL #Y N b h\ ~, {FVhYFVuF #F|~ ~ YF~ N. 3
&FF~ uFVA FF{u #u\~, q FtL #u FtL # Y F m bF
h\ ~, AF{VqLu #uYfh hYb ttL b h\ ~ N. #F, #>
#F bL {FVhYFV YF~ N. 4
F hA F #u h\Fj F # #u q u #V #V \w F ~
w N. #> #F {FVhYFV YF~ N.5
#> {FVhYFVuF #F^{ AF F YFF #F{F N ? u A ?
#F mFmF Y{F~LFF #h u. T # q #YF #{FV YF~#
F f uF \m`, F uF #FA q \F N F{, bqVf} \F \F u>. #>
bqVf} \F #uYfh #FY ~ N. b~ uF \m` \Fu hYW_F ~F
q \F N A. fu bqVf}\F F "tùL @`f' (I-i-14 SK 103)
\w huX{ bqFB N N. "] Y@ ' (I-i-16 SK 105 ) \w F
AF{VqLu #uYfh #FAF hYb F FtL #u q FtL # Y F m
bF N h\ A, ttL b h\ AA u>. #F bqbF~ {, j{F\F~
hNujamh, bN~F~ ~, mFuF~FF~ YF\Y h YV~ Y{F~LF
ttL bu h\h F #F \wF {FVhYFV N~ Fu N. 6 b~ uFVAuF
FtL bu h\h F #> {FVhYFV #FY{ N. u Shn# " #
86
q' #YF # {FVF AF{VqLu #uYfh u F{ X{F~ fu bqVf} \F

A. bqVf} \ fuF q #FA A. q FtL #Y # b muA. AF{VqLu
#uYfh bqVf}\F #u #FAuF hYb F ttL b h\ A. #F q
FtL #u ttL #YF m bF h\ A. b~ FtL b mu AA u>. #F
uFVA uF FtL bu h\h F #F \wF {FVhYFV N~ N. 7 #F
{FVhYFVuF hY Y{F~LFF N. uFVA uF &b{_ N.
FtL bu h\h F #F \wF {FVhYFV N~ N.
2.
QTQu` I-ii-48 SK 656
" u ~] _ o~] ~ ] u #' I-i-61 SK 260 \wF bqX{{VqLu bq{FNu

AFtY Y, &b~uF \wF FX{F{u Q tmLf tf #YF YFht
{FVhYFV ~, \wFt h ~ N. uF Q u ` #YF # {FV
A . #F {F V F \w Ft A - &b\Nt u Q Y L bq F hbh u F vY F{
N. F. . t] # $ bN T# #YF mT {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A
- &b\Ntu bqX{{Fj bqFhbhuF vY F{ N. F. . tLrf # $
t`H@YT# $ bN ~]@f LtLh ~]t@ (I-i-49 SK 260) \wF F T#
{FVu N #uYfh A. F bqX{{uF N ~]@f A. Q ADu #uYfh
u FYF uF Fb A u>.
u ~] @ f o~] ~ ] u # \w F \w F~ bq X {{Vq L # F F { N
V Fh hYh`F bq X {{FAt u hYh` F{, h bq X {{uF ~] @ f F ,
~]@f LtL~]t@ \w hYh ~]@f bqX{{uF N A, b~ QTQu`
\w F #u Y f h #FYF Q ADuF ~] @ f A u> . u> ~ #u Y f h
#FYF Q ADuF bL ~]@f T. #F F YFhtF~ #F \wF {FVhYFV
{F t N .
Y YFhtF~uF #F bwYtbuF N. "u~QuQ u~cf'
I-i-62 SK 262F bqX{{VqLu bq{FNu &~\w F { N. 8 "u ~]_o~]~u
] #'
\w F u ADu #uYfh " u ~Q u Q u ~cf ' \wF F{ N.
#> #Y AF T{ F bN \wF bq{FT{ u ADVqLu bq{FNu
87
A N ? #FtQ \wF bqX{{VqL {t mu NA. b~ X{F bqX{{VqLu bq{FNu

# N fXubqX{{FbF N bqX{{L F{, bqX{{uF #AFbF u>.
bqX{{VqL N~ N.9 `L &F~LF " `] EQ u Q Y ' VI-iv37 SK 2428 \w u F ~uF F b F u. T bq X {{Vq Lu bq { F Nu #j{
bL F F \wF bqX{{ b FN~ N, ~] t hYh`F bqX{{-#Atu
F. #F u] # &F~LF bqX{{uF #FY ~] @ f F u. #F #F
\wF {FVhYFV N~ u.
3.
A>]_Lo>t I-iv-9 SK 3389
#F \wF YFhtF~ {FVhYFV {Ft N. uF "A>]_L>t'

#YF # {FV muA. #F {FVF \wFt A - {_ utL AD Y F tV
\ mu N. F. . Q utL` f $ bN " ' #YF mT {FV A.
#F {FVF \wFt A YF m` hYh`#F hYb F{ N. ]ufD,
tLfD, cD, t~D, @~D, u]AD, `QuD,
#u u{ u D u {_XY A N.10
FF{, bN~ #u h\FjF #F {FVhYFV YF~ N. 11
T #F \wF {FVhYFV YF~YFF #FY F " \ ~ h > t ' ( II-iv-39 SK
3398 ) \w u N ~ ~ u. " \ ~ h > t ' YV ~ #u \w F u ~uFF
VF~Y N. #F F{F~ #F \wF {FVhYFV YF~ N.12 T YFhtF~
FX{F{u "DQ \~f ' (III-i-85 SK 3433) \wF bL {FVhYFV {Ft
N #u F{F~ u \tu { N.13 b~ T "A>]_Lo>t ' \wF
{FVhYFV YF~YFF #FY F " DQ \~f' \wF {FVhYFV ~YFu
N~ ~ u. F N FY N.
4.
tH``Q I-iv-17 SK 230
{ ({`f), L (L`f) &F~LFF {`f+], L`f+] bqF

hYW_ #YuuF ] bqX{{ Fb bFF "``Q' (I-iv-17 SK 230)
\w hu` F, bXYuF #FY "~Qu# utLut@L ' (VIII-ii-7 SK
236 ) \w {`f , L`f u F # X {u F ~uF F b A u> . #F \ T V F F &b~uF
88
\wF YFhtF~ FX{{u {FVhYFV ~, \wu h { N. Qtmf

$ F{F~ #F u \tu ~ N.14
" tH ` `Q' (I-iv-17 SK 230 ) " t mf ' (I-iv-18 SK
231 ) #F m \w F u N{F# YFht F ~uF L \w F ~ YF T # .15
#F #> {FVhYFV ~ L \wF muFY N. " tA] ' #YF # {FV A.
#F {FVF \wFt A - t bqX{{F bFN #FYF, u \F F{ N. "``Q
t' #YF mT {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - @{t t bqX{{F
NF|u, \YtuFFu bqX{{F bFN #FYF b \F F{ N. bN " mf' #YF
T {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A t t #\YtuFFu bqX{{F
bFN #FYF m \F F{ N. \YtuFFu bqX{{FF @{t bqX{{F u.
@{ VqL &~\w F N. ``QF ~ `f uF \m` t \F
N. ``Q t #YF #jY{ ~YFF #F{F N. t \YtuFFu
bqX{{F bFN ~F u \FuF hu` YF, ] bFN #FYF u \F A
b~ m \FhY`F{ \wF `fu F \ m ` ` `Q \F N A.16 #F
#{Th \YtuFFu bqX{{F bFN #FYF u \FuF hu` F u. #F
{ , L &F~LFF u \F mu N.
#> {FVhYFV hYuF bL {, Lu bXY h\ N N, ``QF b{tF\bqh` N, bq\{bqh` u. # \YtuFFu #j{
b\F F{ N. #> \YtuFFuuF bqh` u.17 ] bqX{{ bFN #FYF,
bwYt\w u \F F{ N.
#YF bq\{ bqh` b YF~YFF bL F F #FYF u.
`L{ tt utLAQQ (ut{. YQ. ut{. 61) bh~FF bqFL #uj~
Nu bqFWz F{, uF bqh` F{, {Yh bqFWzuF u>.18 #F "]TJLLh
uf' (I-iv-14 SK 29) \w ] bqX{{ bFN #FYF, u \F F{ N.
Y ] bqX{{ bFN #FYF, bXYuF hu` YF NF bL {`f #u L`fuF
`fuF Fb A #u { #u L bq{FV h\ T{ N. #F #F \wF
{FVhYFV N~ u.
89
5.
u u# t@QQ I-iv-58-59 SK 21-22
utu tùL \F ~YF F YFhtF~ #> {FVhYFV {Ft N.

F{F~ bL #F {FVhYFV YF~ N. "u # ' #YF # {FV A. #F
{F V F \w Ft A u t {F~ a{YF u F{ X{F~ hubF\ F{ N.
" u # t@ Q Q' #YF mT {FV A. mT {FVF \wFt A - h{F
\F \m u t &b\Vt\ mu N.
#{FV ~YFF #FY F hubF \FuF #FY F{ N. t@QQ AD
&~ ~ &b\Vt \Fu N hYAL mu, hubF\Fu u>. #F F #>
{FVhYFV N~ N.19 F{F~ #F {FVhYFV YF{Ft N #u #{FVF
\wuF bF[ YF{Ft N. FhAF, bqh{FF , h\FjF YV~ #>
#F \wuF m \wFF hY_ bF[ #Fb N. utu hubF \F F #F {FVhYFV
N~ N. 20
6.
tmA&uut{t\{# u II-i-11-12 SK 665-666
#F \wF YFhtF~ {FVhYFV {Ft N. "<mA' # Y F # {F V

A #u "uut{<\{# u' #YF mT {FV A. FF{F~ bL
#F {FVhYFVu \tu #Fb N. <mA #YF #h`F~ F #F {FVhYFV
N~ N. #F #h`F~ \F\ bq~LF N. #F #h`F~u F~L \F\uF
#FYF hYVqYF_{ A.21 T {FVhYFV ~YFF u #FY F hYFFuF \m`
F #F \w \F N h F{.22 FhAF, bqh{FF, h\FjF
#F {FVhYFVu YF~ N #u m \wFF hY_ bF[ #Fb N.
7.
L]Q \~h >t II-iii-62 SK 3396
YuF hY{F (><), muF #F^{ t hYW_uF #tF

[ hYW_uF bq{FV TYF N. F [ hYW_uF #tF t hYW_uF
bq { F V bL T Y F N . VYFu bFhLhu #F F F \w #FbF u.
YFhtF~ FX{F{u "AHQ L]`f' #Y YFht #Fz{ N. YFhtF~
# {FVhYFV YF~ #F bqF~uF [Q{tF Yb~F{F {tj bFu \T{F
N. "L]' #YF # {FV muA. #F {FVF \wFt A - [hYW_uF
90
#tF t hYW_ A. "Q \]~h ><' #YF mT {FV A. #F {FVF

\wFt A t hYW_uF #tF [ hYW_ F{ N.
F{F~ #F {FVhYFV YF{Ft N. F Y{F~LFuF #F FX{F{uu
YFht u, b~ F{F~u Yu N.23 FhAF, h\FjF #F {FVhYFV
YF~F u #u "AH>Q L] _LD' #Y YFht YF~ N. 24 b~
bqbF~ { , bN~F~ ~ #F {FVhYFVuF YF~ ~ N.25 T
{FVhYFV F{t h\ F{ F YFhtuF #F~F VF~Y N. #F #F
{FVhYFV N~ N.
8.
@TI[>Q{TL@]TI[>`f II-iv-70 SK 1152
\wF @TI[>Q# ADF bqfh-bqX{{ \F{u [ hYW_

N. \F{u TL #u @]TI[>`f #FAF F{ N. #>
u bqfh u TL #FA #u @TI[>u bqfh @]TI[>` u @]TI[>`f
#FA WiN N. AD bqFhbhu "UH@.'(IV-i-114
SK 1117 ) \w cf bq X {{ FV mu N . "M < LH.' ( VI-iv-149
SK 499 ) \w &b~uF YFht "M Q o > Q ' YFht > #u
#j{ {F~uF Fb F u. @TI[> AD @]TI[>` bqFhbh &b~
mj{F N. @]TI[>` ADuF < VLF bF[ FYF @]TI[>` ADu "<Q
f' (IV-i-105 SK 1107 ) \w f bqX{{ FV @TI[> AD mu N.
Y T L`h >#, L# F +f #Y #YFF,
bqfh-bqX{{ \F{ uF TL #F A F{, F TL AD G
\ u FYF, "G>#' ( IV-ii-114 SK 1337 ) \w > bqX{{ bqFz F{
u>. #F YFhtF~u SW# +cf+f F bqfh u N{F#
TL FY T#.26 #F TL+cf+fF cf huhu huh Fu
#Fh Yfh A #u L+cf+f #Y #YFF "G>#' \w
> bqX{{ FV L# b muA.
N ~ @TI[>`# &F~LF, @]TI[>`+f+f #YFF "@I<Q
QQ' ( IV-ii-111 SK 1332 ) \w cf bqX{{ FV N. @TI[> ADF
u bqfh @]TI[>` uF @]TI[>`f #FA ~YFF #FY bN @TI[> AD u
91
\`F N bqX{{ VF|YFF #FY, "LQf' (IV-iii-120 SK 1500 ) #t F

cf bqX{{ FV, #Fh Yfh F @TI[>`# b hubju A.27 L#
#u @TI[>`# &F~LFF #u "LQf' #tF > (F) #u cf bqX{{F
FV N. #u "QQ&~]<' ( IV-i-89 SK 1081 ) \w VF bqX{{uF
~]@f F u #u Wjuh #Fh Yfh F{ N. @]TI[>`f bqX{{F #um`
f #jFFXY F N. @]TI[>` AD {FF N. @]TI[>` ADuF Fu @]TI[>`
#FA N {Ft F F "`QL{L#' ( I-i-50 SK 39 ) \w #FA bL
{FF N F. #> f #um` #jFF ~YFu bq{FNu N. 28
Y bqu # F{ N T bqfhu #FAu hubFu ~YFF #FY F
bqX{{uF ~]@f FuF A ? F N #F \wF ~] @ f - VqLu #uYfh
F{ N. ~]@f bqX{{uF> #Atuu N \F N. "u ~]_o~]~]u#' (I-i-61
SK 260 )F ~] @ f uF #h` F ~ bq X {{uF F b A . 29
# YFht F ~ F X{F{u YFht u | u ~ #> {F V hYFV {F t
N . 30 @ T I[> Q # ' # Y F # {F V F{ N . #F {F V F \w Ft A
#u @ T I[> uF m X YF F b F{ N . bN mT {F V F{ N
- "TL@]TI[>`f' $ {F {FVF \wFt A - #u @TI[> ADFu
bq f huF #u TL #u @] TI[> ` f #F A F{ N .
T {F V hYFV ~YF bL bq f hu N #F A F{ N # Y F \FFQ
#t uF u. b~ bq {F V @ T I[> Q # uF bq X {{uF ~] @ f
NF , u bq f h #u @] TI[> ` N A ~ N . #F mT {F V
TL@]TI[>`f# #F #FAF #YhA bqfh #u @]TI[>` u N FVA.
Y F #Y AF ~ \wF~ bFhLhu @TI[>Q# AD F
bqX{{Fju F [ hYW_ bq{FN N, {FVhYFV ~YF NF bqX{{FjFu
N #FA bqFz A. F F{ F bL #> F F #FYA u>,
\wF~ bqX{{u ~]@f, o~], ~]uf #Y hY`Fu ~ N. #F bqX{{uF N Fb
A. #YhA ~F bqfh b FVu N #FA bqFz A.31
F{F~ #F {FVhYFVu \tu ~ N. bqbF~ { #u &FF~
uFVA #F {FVhYFV YF~ N.32 FhAF, bqh{FF #u h\FjF
92
#F #V Fu ~ N. b~ #F N bqF~ \wFt h ~ N, TF #F
bL b~FbL #F {FVhYFVu \tu ~ N. AF{. #F #F {FVhYFV
N~ N.
9.
`DmLQ&# II-iv-83 SK 657
#F \wuF #t A - #j #{{FY \F\ bN #FYF b

hYW_ h\YF{uF ]ufuF ~]@f A u>, N uF f #FA A. #F b
hYW_F f #FA A u>. b~ ] u f uF "DJ]u#' (II-iv-82 SK
452 ) \w ~] @ f F{ N , N #hu N . #F #> # { F V ~ YF f #u
~]@f mjuuF bqh` A. 33 #> F f uF bqh` N N. #F #F
\wF YFhtF~ {FVhYFVuF #F^{ `F N. uF "`DmL#'
#YF # {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A #F~Fj #{{FYF ]u f u F
~]@f A u> #u mT {FV A -"u#' $ #F {F VF \w Ft A
- #F~Fj #{{FY bFN #FYF b hYW_ h\YF{uF ]ufuF FuF
f #FA F{ N. #> YFhtF~ #j #{{FY \F\F buF
]uf F fuF bqh` ~YF F {FVhYFV {Ft N.
YFhtF~ bF {FVhYFV ~, bFN u |u ~ N. #F #>
YF~ N \wF L] hu{F N,34 #F {FVhYFV, #> N~ u. \wF
~ L] uF F~L bF f #FA F u, N ] u fu F ~]@f F u.
#FtQ #{{FY \F\F buF bqX{{ {FYQ ~ N. #F \wFt A
- #j #{{FY \F\ bFN ~F ] u fuF ~]@f F u b~ b
hYW_uF ]uf h\YF{ #j{ ]uf hYW_uF FuF f #FA F{ N. FhAF
#u h\FjF Yf h Vq F m YF_{F bq { F N N 35 #u \wFt h ~
N. #F \wF ~F L] ADu F~L #> {FVhYFV N~ u.
10.
To~A t~`Q III-i-46 SK 2514
To~<A `FuF u]A< VLF bF[ N. #F "u]A<B].' (III-i-55 SK

2343 )\w f bq X {{ bq F z F{ N . bN u] A < bF[ u F ~L f bq X {{uF
mF` ~u, #Fh>Vu #tF _ bqX{{u bqFWz F{ #u #j{ #tF b~bF
f bqX{{ F{ b~ #FXubF f bqX{{uF #FY, #Fh>Vu #uFh>Vu,
93
# #Fh>Vu h\YF{uF #tF bwYt\w "Y~ F]u.' (III-i-45 SK 2336)

_ bqFz F{ N. b~ #> #FhVu #tF _ bqX{{ #u #j{ <f
bqX{{ WiN N.36 T #F \w hu{\w F{ F N \hY N. b~ #>
hY`{uF #FY hu{\w A u.37 #F #> YFhtF~ {FVhYFV
{Ft N.
"To~A#' #YF # {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - <`r>f To~Af uF
T~u _ bqX{{ F{ N. To~Af uF u]A< VLF> bF[ FYF f u bqFWz
F{ N. uF mF` ~YF F #F {FVu N~ N. "<~`Q' #YF mT {FV
A. #F {FVF \wFt A - #Fh>Vu #tF To~Af u _ bqX{{ FV N.
Y `L{ <<m<L u<LAQQ bh~FF #F hu{ \w bqFz F{
uF N F{ N. Y bqu F{ Y~ Fc]ufuF F{ u F{ ? F X{F &b{t_
bh~FF bqFL F{ u>, b~ {FVhYFVuF \F{t Y~ F]uf.F bL
hu{ muA. T To~Au bqFz _ ` #Fh>Vu #tF N hu{ mu F #>
{FVhYFV {t T{, "To~A <~`Q' #YF #{FVF bL #Fh>Vu
#t F _ ` #YF #t h\ N N. #F "Y~ F]uf.' \wF _, F
To~A <~`Q \wF # #uFh>VuuF #tF hu{u Fbu ~ N.38
T {FVhYFV ~YFF #FY F To~A# #YF # {FV N f uF mF`
~ "<Im@cQ#' ( III-i-66 SK 2758) \w <cf uF bL mF` ~.
b~ {F{ u. u]{Lu# `L{`f <`f LQ `QE{`f (ut{.
m. YQ. ut{. 59) #Y bh~FF f uF mF` F{ N, <cf uF u>. #YF
"<Im@cQ#' \w F "<ILQu#'(III-i-60 SK 2513) \w F <cf u
#uYfh F{ N. ~ <I\cu bq{FNu # N <cf N F{ N #j{ bqFz
F{ N, F{ u>. 39
#F {FVhYFV F{F~ bL YF{Ft N. FhAF #F {FVhYFV #V
Fu N b~ #F \wu hu{Ft Fu N # b~F ~ bL #F {FVhYFVu
\tu ~ N.40 bqb, &F, j{F\ #u bN~ #F {FVhYFV YF~
N.41 h\FjF bL #F {FVhYFV YF~ N #u #F \wu m \wFF
hY_ ~ w N. 42 #F #F {FVhYFV N~ N.
94
11.
L]@Q @f III-i-67 SK 2756
m #u @ F N @f bqX{{u hY`Fu { N, F @@LG bq{FVF

bL \NY T#. T #F u ~# F <@LQ Vr># Q, uLQ Q`#
Q YV~ bq{FVF h\ A u>, "@Lt{ Yuf' (III-i-68 SK 2167)
\w b~\w FYF "<u<LAQQ u{h @f' (I-iv-2 SK 175) \w Yuf mYFu
N. Y u<L YV~F YufuF #YFA N. uLQ Q`Q QEQ` YV~F "L]@Q
@f'uF #YFA N. b~ uLQ Q`# Q YV~ &F~LFF @fm
FYF @f #u @{c YF^{F th~ bq{FVuF Yuf bL bqFz F{ N.43
X{F~ @f #u Yuf mjuu bqFWzF, #F bqF~uF hYbqh`F "<u<LAQQ u{h
@f' bh~FF \w b~F ~ Yuf bqX{{ N F{. YFhtF~ #>
YFht #FbN - tftF @f u VL~ ~Y T#.
b~ YFht F ~ YFht u #Y~L ~ , # u | u ~ N . bN
#> {FVhYFV ~ N. "<Im@cQ#' #YF # {FV F{ N. #F {FVF
\wFt A - FY #u thL bq{FVF (T~uF FuF ) <cf (#F A )
F{ N. mT {FV A - "L]@Q @f'$ #F {FVF \wFt A FY
#u thL bq{FVF, \FYt`F bqX{{ bF @f A #u T {FV A "@Lt{'$ #F {FVF \w Ft A m@ #u @LG F @f F{ N. b~ #F
bqF~ {FVhYFV ~YF FF #FY b| N. N thL #u th~F @f u
bqFWz F{ N, FY #u th~F bL @fu bqFWz F{ N.44 #F F{F~
#> m ~ {FVhYFV {Ft N. uF bq {FV A - "<cf mQ'$
#F {FVF \wFt A FY bq{FVF <cf bqX{{ F{ N. bN mT {FV
A - "@<c' $ #> \wFt A - thLF <cf bqX{{ F{ N. T {FV
A - "L]@Q @f' $ #F {FVF \wFt A - FY #u thL bq{FVF
\FYt`F bqX{{ bF @f bqX{{ A. "@Lt{' #YF FF {FV A. #>
\wFt A th~F @f bqX{{ F{ N. bFF {FV A - "Yuf' $ #>
\wFt A- th~F bL Yuf bq X {{ F{ N .
FF{F~ #> {FVhYFV YF{Ft N. NF L m ~ bL
\F`Fu {t N- "@Lf @c L]<@#' (III-i-87 SK 2766) \wuF \F{t
@f bqX{{ F{ N. #F #F Fu N &b\{Fuu N~ u.45 FhAF,
95
h\FjF #> {FVhYFV YF~F u. FhAF uLQ Q`# Q

# Y F f t bq { F V F YF_{h\h F "T`Q @@L]uh`f' # Y
YFht #Fb N.46
#> {FVhYFV N~ u. YFhtu u YF~# {FVhYFV u ~#
F bL "` ]\`]`h @f-<c' (III-i-89 SK 2767 ) \wF @f uF bqh`
Fhb ~ N @@LGF @f bqX{{ F{. T @@LGF @f u F{ F @fuF
bqh` {t mu N.47
YFhtF~uF hYbqhù F~L Yufu mYFubL YF{ N. F
L #> AFFhA Fj{F N. Y #> F{FthA N, F{FthA
\w N {VFh - F{thY`F{ N, #u b~F N. #F hYbqhùF hu{
@f N mYFu mu N. 48 bqb, j{F\, bN~, h\FjF YV~ #>
F{FthA b N YF~ N.49
12.
DQ \~f III-i-85 SK 3433
#F \wF YFhtF~ {FVhYFV {Ft N. FF{F~ u \tu

{t N. "D#' #YF # {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - , L< YV~uF
{X{{ F{ N. F. . I[> Y]Hc mQ<L $ #> mQ<Lu N{F# <m`<E
Y T#. ` {<L $ #> ` <LQ Y T#. u N{F# ` {<LuF
bq{FV {F N. mT {FV A -"\]~f' $ #F {FVF \wFt A YhY{F
m`F hYh`#F m ~u F{ N. F. . ]_L L]t{ <c# $ #>
<cfu N{F# <c# bq{FV {F N, F ]uf uF {X{{ N. #F
]uf-D, <Lf-D, cD, <~D, u]AD, @~D,
`QuD, u{uD TYF N. #F #V FF{F~ bNh
uu bqFu Fh~F F N ] T JL] u \ <~`{ch @~\~{@LG h $
D<><L Y@GQAh Q&]_Lo>< '(Iiv-9 SK 3389) \wF YFhtF~ "AH>]_Lo><' #u "' # {FVhYFV
{Ft N. F{F~ u \tu {t N. uF m`F N F{thuYFt T{ N.
96
mhY`Fu F "\]~h ><' (II-iv-36 SK 3401 ) \w bL N. #F \w

bL #F m`F F{FtuF huYFt T{ N.
13.
]tu # III-ii-4 SK 2916
"] t u #' \w F # {F V Fu# F \w Ft A - \ m j &bb F

`F u @ bq X {{ FV N . F. . Q <L> < L # $ <AQ <L> < L,
<A# $ #> "@L t { @G Lf ' ( III-iv-67 SK 2832 ) \w uF #h`F~ @LG
#t F @ bq X {{u hY`Fu { N . b~ FY #t F @ bq X {{ AA u> .
#F FY #tF @ bqX{{uF hY`Fu F, \wF YFhtF~ {FVhYFV{Ft
N . 51 "] < u' # Y F # {F V F{ N . #F {F V F \w Ft A #j \ m j
&bb F { X{F~ @ bq X {{ F{ N . F. . @> Q ` <u<L, @> u # $ Nh
tutL, tNu# $ @r> \Q ` tutL, @r> \u# $ mT {F V A "#' $ #F {F V F
\w Ft A - \ m j &bb F { X{F~ `F u @ bq X {{ F{ N . F. .
M ` f `f , M # $ #> FY #t F @ bq X {{ {F N .
Y F bq u ~ T Ft h F~F F @ bq X {{ F u, F FY
#t F ~ F{ ? F N {F V hYFVuF \F{t @LG #t F bL
F u, N #j{ #t u F bL hu t A {F u. Y #huht #t Y FF
bq X {{F YFt F F{ N , Y F hu{ N . 52 #F hu{ N "] T JLTZ@#
`f ' (III-i-5 SK 2393 ), "<# @`f ' (V-iv-29 SK 2097 )F #u
`f #u @`f bq X {{ #huht #t Y FF F Y F YFt F F{ N , #>
bL @ bq X {{ YFt F A , m `F u F YFt N . FY #t F N bq X {{
A , #j{ #t F u> . 53
T # F{ F FYF hYh bqX{{ @LGuF mF` ~A. @LG #tF
@ bqX{{ AA u>. Q <LH><L, #, <AQ <LH><L, <A#
YV~ bF mu AA u>. b~ #F bqF~uF ft#tF bF h\ ~YFF F
mF` #FYA u>, T \FFQ FY ADuF &bFFu, FYF @ bqX{{u
hY`Fu F F L@@TI[> j{F{ @LG #t F @ bqX{{uF mF` F.
b~ #> F \F{t FY #tF @ bqX{{ F{ N, @LG #tF @ bqX{{uF
mF` A u>.
97
FF{F~ #F {FVhYFVu \tu {t N.54 bqb, &F, FhAF,

j{F\, bN~, bqh{FF, h\FjF #F {FVhYFV YF~ N. 55
FY #tF @ bqX{{uF hY`Fu F #F \wF {FVhYFV N~ N.
14.
~Gr># f III-iii-14 SK 3107
"~r># YLGY` ( III-ii-124 SK 3100 ) \w F YLGY` b "L

Lf' (III-ii-127 SK 3106) \wF #uYfh #FY N. F ~r>f bL &~ \wF
#F \wF #uYf F{ N, ~r>fu #uYfh F, YtFuFF hYh YLG
#u Y`fu Lf \F F{ N. wF #u hY{XFF u Lf \ F
u. "L Lf' \wF YFhtF~ {FVhYFV ~ N, "L' # Y F #
{FV F{ N, #F {FVF \wFt A - L #FtQ YLG #u Y`f bqX{{F `FFu
F{ N. mT {FV A - "Lf' $ #F {FVF \wFt A - YLG #u Y`f
bqX{{F h@ mu N. {FVhYFV ~YF @{@# $ \{@# $ YV~F YLG
#u Y`f bqX{{F bqFz F{ N. #F YFhtF~ &b{t_ \wF {FVhYFVuF
#F^{ N. "~Gr># Lf' #YF # {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - ~G r > f u
Lf \F F{ N. #F \w hu{Ft N. 56 `FFu FVF ~G r > f u N Lf
\F F{ N, #j{u u>. mT {FV A - "' $ #F {FVF \wFt A ~G r > f (hY{XF)uF FuF YLG #u Y`f bqX{{F hYb \X\ mu
N. F{F~ #F {FVhYFV YF{Ft N. #F {FVhYFV N~ N.
15.
`BL`Q ~]r>f III-iii-15 SK 2185
#F \wF YFhtF~ FX{F{u {FVhYFV ~ N. "`BL`Q' # Y F

# {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - #uu #tF ~] r >f Lf \ mu
N. F. . Q&```Q` $ # QQ` cQ` $ mT {F V A "~]r>f' $ #F {FVF \wFt A - #uu #tF ~] r > f bqX{{F A. F. .
# @L $ Q&QL $
F{F~ #F {FVhYFVu \tu {t N. j{F\, bN~ #F {FVhYFV
YF~ N. FhAF, h\FjF #F #V Fu ~ N. {FVhYFV u ~YFF
#FY F bL "DQ \]~f' (III-i-85 SK 3433) \w F{X{{ YF~YF
~] r > f h\ F{ N, Y #F bqF~uF &F~LF F YF N #FY N. 57
98
#F #> F{X{{ YF~YF h\h A N. b~ "DQ \]~f'

YF~YFF VF~Y FYF #u {FVhYFV YF~YFF FY FYF, #F {FVhYFV
N~ N. 58
16.
t@tm\{Q ~Qr>f ~Qr>Q t\ LQ# III-iv-2 SK 2825
<m\{ # bFubj{, YF~YF~ Y <@<m\{ # h{Fu YF~YF~

Y. h{Fu bFubj{ AFtYF F{ X{F~ `Fu ~Qr>f bqX{{ FV N. #u `Fb
m Y Yb~F{ N. #u ~Qr>f uF FuF <\ #u (<\)#u L #u f
#FAF F{ N. 59
Y ~Qr>f uF <\ #u #F AF F{ #u #F #F AF <Lf uF F u F{
F "~# u{uf' ( I-iv-99 SK 2155) \w u b~b \F F{ bN
"YQA@Lt{ u{uf' (I-iii-78 SK 2159) \w <\ #u #FAF b~b
`F#FuF N F{ #u <LfF uF \FYA u F FYF "<Lf<L#' (VIIIi-28 SK 3935 )\w u huFu bq F Wz u F{. #F F ~L YFht F ~
#F \wF {FVhYFV {Ft N.60
"<@<m\{Q ~Qr>f' #YF # {FV F{ N. #F {FVF \wFt A
- h{Fu bFubj{ AFtYF F{ X{F~ `Fu ~Qr>f bqX{{ FV N. bN "~Qr>Q
<\' #YF mT {FV A. #F {FVF bq \w|F ~Qr>f u #uYfh
A. #> ~Qr>f <\u hYAL muA.61 #F {F V F \w Ft A ~Qr>fuF
N #FAF <\ #u {F N, uF { <\ #u mu N. uF F{FthAu
F~L b~b #u #FXub mu N. F b~b `F#Fu <\ #u
#FXub `F#Fu FV N. 62 th~ bq{FVF <\ #u tfF FV
N. <Lfu F~L <`VL F{ N.63 bN " LQ#' # Y F T {FV
A. #F {FVF \wFt A - L #u f ADF ~Qr>fu u F{ N. #>
{Ft \hY F u FYF VFLFtuF #F^{ YF #F bqF~uF #t A.64
#F {FVhYFV, F{, bqb, &F, FhAF, j{F\, bN~ YF~
N.65 #F {FVhYFV N~ N.
17.
]HQ{L{h IV-iii-1 SK 1370

]Hf #u f bqFhbhFu, "<` ' (I-i-74 SK 1336) \w
99
G \Fu hY`Fu { N. "G>#' (IV-ii-114 SK 1337) \w #Vt "QE

{u>#'
(IV-ii-137 SK 1361 ) \w G \ bqFhbhu > bqX{{ bqFz F,
&b~uF \w > u f bqX{{ A. #F > bqX{{ mFh` F, \wF ~F
@{ > u #utL A. #F ]Hf #u f ADFu > #u f bqX{{
hYb FVA. L{h\c > #u f uF hYb {FbqFz cf ( IVi-83 SK 1073 )bq X {{ FVA . #> ] H f #u f AD F u FVF f
#u > bqX{{FF \{Fu \FuF "h`]QY# `f' ( I-iii-10
SK 128) \w hu bqFWz A, N #hu N. #F #F \wF YFhtF~
{FVhYFV {Ft N.66
"] H Q { L{f ' # Y F # {F V A . #F {F V F \w Ft A
-] H f #u f bq F hbhF u L< #t F > bq X {{ hYb FV N ,
b cf bq X {{ FV N . F . . ] Q # ] H @h f , ] H # $ Q #
@h , f , # $ mT {F V F{ N -"' $ #F {F V F
\w Ft A - ] H f #u f bq F hbhF u hYb f bq X {{ FV N .
F. . H@c# $ @`# $ bF cf bqX{{ FVF H@# $ @#
# Y F bF muA .
F{, bqb, &F, mFuF~F #F {FVhYFV YF~ N.67 bN~,
FhAFuF ~wN ~, F{u #u\~ N. FhAF #u j{F\ #> {FVhYFV
YF~F u. u SW# #> {F\{ bq\V N u, #F \w
Y f bqX{{u N hY`Fu ~ N. @{ F u \F{F N Fh F{
N.68 #> T # N #bwYt fu hY`Fu F{, #YF f, > #u cf L
bqX{{Fu hY`Fu F{, F F \{F\FH{ u. #F #> \Fu\{Fu u
{F\{u bqFWz F{ YF F bq\V u FYF {F\{uF hu~F\ F {FVhYFV
N~ N AF{ u.69
b~ FhAF #u j{F\uF {F{ u, fuF hY`Fu bN
bwYtbqFz >uF mF` F, bu @{ VqL > bqX{{ bqFz F{ N. #F
{F\{ #> N N. #F {F\{uF hu~F\ F #> {FVhYFV N~ N.70
18.
@GLQQ IV-iii-116 SK 1496

"@GLQ Q' \w @GL #t F <@< bqFhbhFu {FhYh cf
100
bqX{{ F u. t@<m# @GLf, <@f $ N {< bqFhbhFu

bL {FhYh cf bqX{{ F u. #F bqF~uF bFu h\h F YFhtF~
#F \w F {F V hYFV { F t N . "@G LQ Q ' # Y F # { F V A . #F {F V F
\wFt A - f{F\t bqFhbhFu, @GL #tF {FhYh c< bqX{{F
FV N. F. . {<` @GL#, {# $ bN "hf' #YF mT {FV
A. #F {FVF \wFt A - f{F\t bqFhbhFu @GL #tF \FuF
hY{ F{ X{F~, {FhYh c< bqX{{F F{ N. F. . {<<m# @GLf,
{f $ <@<<m# @GLf, <@h] $ T {FV A -"@]~~<<m]f'
#F \wF @GLQ #u hfu #uYfh F, #F {FVF \wFt A - f{F\t
@]~~< bqFhbhFu, @G L #tF, \FuF hY{F ]f bqX{{{ FV N.
F. . @]~~Q` @GLf. @~~@f $ [>@f $
F{, bqb, &F #F {FVhYFV YF~ N.71 FhAF, h\FjF
#F {FVhYFV YF~ N #u #F \wu m \wFF hY_~ bF[ #Fb N.
Y @GLQ Q \wuF hY_ bF[ N &h N.72
19.
LQ&`f V-iii-5 SK 1951
uTY bqX{{F (V-iii-27 SK 1974 \w b{tj) bFN #FYF, Lf

ADuF `f #FA F{ N, #YF \wFt A. #F F, Lf uF L #u FL
#FAu hY`Fu {t muA. #F F YFhtF~ #F \wF {FVhYFV {Ft
N. bq {FV A - L# $ #> bwYt\wF {Q#u #uYfh #FYF, \wFt
A - ~ #u F~ A F bqFhA{ bqX{{F b~ ~F, Lf bqFhbhuF
L #u FL #FAF F{ N. F. . L<\ $ Ff $ bN mT {FV A `f $ #F {FVF \wFt A - LfuF FuF, bqFhA{ bqX{{F bFN #FYF,
`f #FA F{ N. #> `Q@TY' (I-i-55 SK 45) bh~FF \bwLt
LfuF FuF `f #FA A. `~Qu# u<Lu<@L (VIII-ii-7 SK 236 )
`fuF uF~uF Fb F, `f &F~LF h\ A.73
F{, bqb, FhAF, bN~, h\FjF #F {FVhYFV YF~
N. L<\, Ff bq{FVFu h\h F #> #F {FVhYFV N~ N.74
101
20.
@Q NQ u VI-i-1 SK 2175
@Q NQ mL# #FtQ #FQu hYtu F{ N - #Y YFF #FY,

F bqu F{ FuF @fu hYtu ~Y ? X{F~ #> <~<r> LQ{`
(VI-i-8 SK 2177 )\wuF \F{t "`FuF @fu hYtu ~Y' #YF #t
A. Y #F bqF~ #t ~# F uf-uu, u>-uu> NYF bF h\
AA b~ @f uF #FYu F~L G-{, u]u]<A<L NYF bF h\
AA u>.
Y T @# ADF \FuFh`~LF [ #FtQ Xb~ \F\uF YF~
~YFu m #Y{Y{FVF [ YF~A F #> mYqh \F\u u `FuF
N @f #Y{Y #YF #t A. #F #t YF {, u]u]<A<L NYF
bF h\ AA b~ uu>, uu NYF bF h\ AA u>. mYqh
\F\ YF {bhAYQFY `FuF #F #Y{Y #YF #t F{ N. #F
@Q NQ uuF \wFt A {F bq #u #bq f F{ X{FN hYtu
A, N {, u]u]<A<L $ b~ h{Fhu #bF u FYF uu,
uu>F hXY A u>. #F YFhtF~ #F \wF {FVhYFV {Ft N.
@Q NQ #YF bq {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - `FuF @f
Fu hYtu A. F. . uu $ uu> $ mT {FV A - u $ #F
{FVF \wFt A - bq @fu hXY F{ N. #F hu{Ft \w N. #
{F bq #u #bq @f F{, X{F bq @fu N hYtu A, #bq
@f u u>. {, u]u]<A<L &F~LF h\ A. F{F~ bL
#F {FVhYFVu \tu ~ N. 75
#> {bhAYQFY F{t h\ FYF {FVhYFVu N~ u.
YFhtF~ bL bF {bhAYQFY \F`Fu ~, mT \F`Fu ~
{FVhYFVuF #F^{ `F N.76 FhAF bL #> {bhAYQFV YF~
\F`Fu ~ N. 77 {bhAYQFY YF~YFF F F u.
21.
# u{cL VI-i-32-33 SK 2586 / 2417
FF{Fu\F~ #F{F{ \wbF[F #F \w #{FVF bh[ N.

F hA F , h\Fj F YV ~ F #F \w uF m hY_ \w F F bF[ #Fz{F
102
N. YFhtF~ FX{F{u {FVhYFVuF #F^{ m hY_ \wFF bF[ #Fb

N. # u{cf \w F c hQ# ( VI-i-31 SK 2601 ) # bw~F \wu
#uYfh F{ N. u{cf b bwYt\w (VI-i-13 SK 1003)F #uYfh
#FY FYF NF bu \bq\F~Lu VqL, #FV #uYf F "<mA'
ADu #uYfhu #FYYF F N.78 #> \wFt A - Lf b~, f b~,
<c bFN #FYF, Q `Fu (`FuF # YLtu) \Hbq\F~L F{ N. #F
]\<A<L, ]\<AL, ]\<ATL $ #u ]Lf, ]Lf, ]`f $
bF h\ F{ N.
N ~ L \w ]\ YV~ bF h\ F{ N. # {FVF
]\ YV~ h\ A b~ ILu #o{bL FYF NF Qf `FuF #o{uF
#FY ]\<A<L YV~ h\ AF u. F~L \wF - #o{
Quf \b\
q F~L F{ N } N. #> Qf #o{ u. N ~ <K@<A<L
bq{FV bL h\ AF u.79 L bqX{{hYAu #bF #o{huh
bqX{{ bFN #FYF, uF #uj~ ~F Q f u \bq\F~L F{ N. #F
#> YFhtF~ {FVhYFV {Ft N.
YFhtF~uF , \fQ# u{cf #YF #{FV F{ N. \wFt A
- `f b~ f b~ <c bFN #FYF Q f `Fu \Hbq\F~L F{ N, F.
. ]\<A<L, ]\<AL, ]\<ATL (`f b~) mT {FV A - L
$ #F {FVF \wFt A - #o{u huh N Qf `F, u bL \bq\F~L
F{ N. #F {FVF ~F @{u F~L #uF \hu{FV F{ N. L
#u # mju [{j N. #o{uF Qf u \bq\F~L F{ N. #YF #t
A. #F Q f `FF #o{ #FtQ hXY ~YFF N huh (<~r>f, `f,
f YV~) F F{, u #o{ muF bF, #FtQ hXY F bF \bq\F~L
T{ N. #F {FV ]\, Q\MLQ, ]\MA<L h\ F{ N.
F{F~, bqb, &F #F {FVhYFV YF~ N.80 FhAF, j{F\,
h\FjF #F {FVhYFV YF~ N #u \wuF hY_ bF[ #Fb N. 81
#F {FV hYFV N~ N.
22.
QM>f] VI-i-89 SK 73
#F \wF ~F <L ADF T bVqL ~A F u<L, u<L # Y F
103
bF F h\ AA, b~ u<A, u<, u< NYF bF h\ AA,

u>. #> <L, <LF ToLuf hutA {F N. #F #F \wF <L, <LF
`FVqL A. Y T #> `FVqL ~A F uQL#, uQL#F bL Fcf `F
~F N, X{F Yfh bqFz F, uL#, uL# NYF #A bF hubju YFuF
bq\V #FYA. #F #FYF #A bF u mu A #FtQ X{F Yfh bqFz u
F{, F YFhtF~ #F \wF {FVhYFV {Ft N.82
G<{Q< ( VI-i-88 SK 72 ) bN QQ# #YF # {FV A. #F
\w | F G<{Q< \w F <u #u Y f h A . #F #F {F VF \w Ft
A. <L, <LF ~ F f bFN #FYF, Yfh F{ N. bN mT {FV
A - <\ $ #F {F VF \w Ft A - \f bFN #FYF Yfh F{ N.
#F u+FL#, u+FL# &F~LFF Fcf `F FYF NF, f bFN u #FYF
FYF Yfh u. 83
Y {FVhYFV ~YFF #FY F bL +FL#, L#, u+L#, uQL#
F bL Yfh bqFz A. b~ #> QQo (VI-i-95 SK 80) \w b~b
A. #F #F \w Yfhu #bYF \w FYF X{F Yfh A u>. #> F
F #FYF u.
Y F # <L, <LF Yfh, T < u{}uf ( VI-i94 SK 78 )uF #bYF N , N Q Q o bL u F #bYF N , F
Y {F{ u, F~L u]{Lu`L{`f <`f LQ, `QE{`f bh~FF
<L, <LF Yfh < u{}uf \wuF mF` ~A, < u{}ufuF u>.84
#F <L, <LF Yfh QQouF #bYF u, u<L YV~F
bq b~bu bqFWz u X{F~ <L, <LF YfhuF #F~ {F N.
F{F~, bqb, &F #F {FVhYFVu \tu #Fb N. FhAFF~
{FVhYFV YF~F u. L LQLLf Z\ch LQ{Q <YQAcf, ` L] u]`{QLQ#,
D<m{Lf, >omLf $85 #Y \F`Fu {t N. b~ FhAFF~uF
{F{ u. L <LF {hF~ F u } N, b~ m`f
uQ<Lf &F~LF {hF~ TYF N.86 #F #> {FVhYFV N~ N.
104
23.
uQ# uMc# VI-i-102 SK 164
#F \w F @# cQ V# (VI-i-101 SK 85 ) \wF @#, F@Q

c< ( VI-i-77 SK 47 ) \w F <u #uYfh F{ N. @# uMu{Q#
(VI-i-84 SK 68 )uF #h`F~ A N. uQ# F #Y{Y N. uQ# F
bqF #u h{F hYW_uF ]uf bqX{{F hYYh N. \wFt A - @f bN
bqF-h{F hYW_ \m` f YLt b~ ~F, bwYt #u b~ fuF FuF
bwYt\YLt t #FA F{ N.
b~ #F YF G+f, G+Yf, J~+f, J~+YfF f]c#
(VI-i-87 SK 69 ) \w VLu bqFWz A. @# cQ V# \w bwYtb~ fuF FuF \YLtt #FA bqFz A. F &b~uF \w bwYt\YLt
t #FAu bqFWz A #u LQ ]cQ (VI-i-97 SK 191 ) \w b~b
bqFz A. \YLt t, #bYFu F~L VLuF mF` ~ N. b~XYu F~L bwY\
t YLtt,
\YLttuF mF` ~ N. b~b \YLttuF mF` ~A. #F h{FhYW_uF
]uf - G+Yf, J~+Yf F LQ ]cQ \w b~b bq\_ A. F #
ùJLQ <L{Q {cf - ` YV~F N mF` ~ N #>
bL mF` ~A. F Y m~Fm~ u. f \ h `#F F ]c #u cf
\h`#F &X\Vt \h`#F N, Yfh, \YLtt #u bwYt\YLtt \h`#F uF
#bYF N. N b~b F m`FuF #bYF N.87 #F YFhtF~ #F \wF
{FVhYFV {Ft N.
uQ# #YF # {FV muA. #F {FVF \wFt A - @f bN bqFh{F hYW_ \m` f b~ #FY X{F~, bwYt-b~ mjuuF FuF \YLtt
F{ N. mT {FV A - uMc# $ #F {FVF \wFt A - @f bN
bqF-h{F hYW_ \m` f bFN #FY F bwYt-b~uF FuF bwYt\YLtt
#FA F{ N.
Y {FVhYFV ~YF NF, #bYFu F~L b~b mF` ~A, F
, F Y m~Fm~ u, F~L {FVhYFV #j{AFu huYfh F
F{ N. #F {FVhYFVuF \F{t t N A.
b~ #F {FVhYFV YF~YF #u FF &Xbju F{ N, N
Gf, J~f bF h\ AA u>, T {FVhYFV LQ ]cQ \w uF
105
mF` ~ N, F < uM # ( VI-i-107 SK 194 ) \wuF bL mF` ~A. #F

Gf F t bq\_ A. N G`f, J~`f F L>Q `# u]h< ( VI-i103 SK 196 ) \w ` A u> , LLf #uj~ t u F b~FAt
F{ N. #F {FVhYFV YF~YF ``f, G`f &F~LFF uXY A
u>. #> uQu #uj~XY u.
Y #F {FVhYFV u YF~# F bL G#, J~#F bqFz b~b
#j{ ~ huYf A N. YFhtF~ bL bF {FVhYFV ~, bN u
bqX{F{Fu {t N. uF `<< (VI-i-104 SK 165 ) \wF Ff\cuF
\F{t f, Yf u b~b A u>. 88
FF{F~ bL #F {FVhYFV YF{Ft u #u Ff-\cu Fb
Fu \F`Fu {t N.89 L u]{Lu `L{`f <`f LQ `QE{`f
bh~FF \F`Fu {t N. FhAF, h\FjF bL #F {FVhYFV YF~F
u #u u]{Lu#. bh~FF \F`Fu #Fb N. ~ bN~F #F
{FVhYFV YF~ N. < uM# (VI-i-107 SK 194)F {FVhYFV ~, ~
{FVhYFV #FY b|F FFu hu~\u ~ N.90 #F {FVhYFV N~ u.
24.
@{`T` uh \~ VI-iii-10 SK 968
~FNVqF} FVu @{ N. hYA bqF~uF @{uF #tF #> @{ AD

bq{FT{F N. 91 bwYt\w \~LLf JL# hf ( VI-iii-9 SK 966 )F
#F \wF \~LLf JL#u #uYfh F{ N. ~]]E{uQ (VI-iii-1 SK 958)
\wuF #h`F~ F N.
VYFu bFhLhu# #FbLF AF \{ bqh ~F (Taxes)u hYVF
#Fb N. F AuF bqFi{ FVF bqh ~ mFYF \FYF uFFF bL,
&~b bFN #FYF, \z hYhuF ~]@f hY`Fuu {YF ~ N.
\wFt A - bwYt bqAFF N ~uF uF N, F \~< &~b bFN
#FYF, j #u #j b~Yt \z hYW_uF ~]@f F{ N .
#F \wF \wF~ m bF &bFhb {Ft N (1) uJLQ <mA $
#u (2) uJLQ <mA $ Y bwYt\w \~LLf. F \FVqLu #uYfh
F{ N X{F~ N hu{ a{u - c ~u uF F{, u VqL F{ N. b~
106
Nu F# &XbFu {t N \Fbq~, u VqL A u>. #F bwYt \w

huX{ ~]@f u bqFWz F, X{F hYFF F{ N.
b~ T \wF \FVqLu #uYfh u F{ F hYFFu #bqFWzF
hYFF ~]@f F{ N. T bqFzF hYFFuF YF~ ~# F <@r>Q {cQ
LD# &F~LF huX{ ~]@f bqFz F{ N, F~L \wF uf b u F
&bFFu, hYbFtuF mF` ~FY N #u F~uFFF hYbFt YF~#,
F #ThF #hbq\V A. Fh &~bYFF F~uFF b~ ~F, #YF #t
~# F bwYtAFuF F~uFFF N ~] @ f F{ #YF hu{ <@r>Q{c#u
{FYfh u. #F #ThF ~]@fuF YF~L F YFhtF~ , #F \wF
{FVhYFV {Ft N.
@{`T` u f # Y F # {F V F{ N . #F {F V F \w Ft F{
N- bqFi{ AF N F~uF, X{F \zuF ~]@f F{ N. #u bN \~
#YF mT {FV F{ N. #F {FVF \wFt F{ N - j F~uFFF \zuF
~]@f F{ N. Fh F~uFFF \zuF ~]@f F{ N, #F hu{ ~YF
F YFhtF~ #F \wF {FVhYFV {Ft N. #F Fh F~uFFF N
\zuF ~]@f F{, #j{ u>, #YF #t A. #F #Th F~uFFF
~]@f YF, <@r>Q {cQ LD#, <@r>Q{c# &F~LF F F #FYF
u. F{F~ #F {FVhYFV YF{Ft N. 92
FhAF #u h\FjF #F {FVhYFVu YF~F u. FhAF
#> @{<YQAu \F YF~, bwYt\w h\ F, #> \wu hu{Ft
Yu ~ YF~ N #u #F hu{uF L hYbF #Fb N (1)@{`T`
, (2) uf #u (3)\~ $93 h\FjF FhAFu #u\~
\wFt \TY N.94 Y FhAFF~uF N Y`F~ {F{ N. #F #F
\wF {FVhYFV N~ u.
25.
uQYQ&L# VII-ii-62 SK 2295
&bAF N `F @{`f (#F~YFF) #u Lf bFN #FY X{F~,

huX{ <`r>f N #u u bFN #FYF ~fu, Lfu N N Fr>f #FV #FYF
u, #YF \wFt A.
107
Y \F `FuF VL #u {u{ F, #Nj u, Fr>fuF

huù bqFWz u. #> u #Nj u uQY, #F \ F
Fr>fuF bqh` F ULQ m{N ( VII-ii-63 SK 2296 ) \w u N ~ b|
N. b~ u bqFWz u FYF #F \w hu{Ft u.
Y ULQ m{N \w uF #t A F~FNuF , Lf bFN
#FYF, N huX{ <`r>f F~Fj `F (UL#), u bFN #FYF Lfu
N N ~f u Fr>f #FV F u. Y uQ<, YQ<@ b F F bw Y t \ w
<`r>fu huX{bqFWz N. #> u bFh N~ N. #F #F \wF YFhtF~
{FVhYFV {Ft N.95
L<`r>Q <`]uQYQ #YF # {FV A #u LoQuQYQ
#YF mT {FV A. F~Fj `F #Nj FYF LLf (VII-ii-61
SK 2294) N ~fuF F[>f-<ÀQ h\ N F, bu hu` F #F \w hu{Ft
mu N. #F \wFt A - F~FNuF , Lf bFN #FYF, huX{ <`r>f
F~Fj `Fu bFN N ~f #FYF Fr>f F u, {F~ #j{ `F#Fu,
~f bFN #FYF, F~FNuF Fr>f N NA. #F m`FN #Nj
`F#Fu huX{ Fr>fuF huù bqFWz F, F~Fj `F h\YF{ #j{ `F#Fu
{FYfh ~YFF #FY. <, <, uQ< YV~F F~FNuF Fr>f
#FV A. #F ULQ m{N \w hY{t u, b~ hu{Ft N #
{FVhYFV h\ F{ N. 96
F{F~ #F {FVhYFV YF{Ft N.97 FhAFF~ #F {FVhYFV
YF~F u. #F #F \wu hu{Ft VL N.98 j{F\, bN~ #F {FVhYFV
YF~F u. VqF uQYQ&L# \w F uQYQ b L<`r>Q
<`f (VII-ii-61 SK 2294) \wF #bf ~, ULQ m{N \wu hu{Ft
VL N.99 h\FjFF~ j{F\ #u bN~u #u\~L ~ N.100 Y
#F \wF {FVhYFV N~ N.
26.
Fff, Lf, VQ# VII-iii-117-118-119 SK 297, 256, 247
<<L o ( I-iv-6 SK 296) \w @<r>, u<L, Q`] YV~ ADFu

hYb ` \F F{ N, b #FtQ u \FuF #FYF #F ADFu <
\ F F{ N . Y Y@<r> AD F , <<L o \w hY b u \ FuF
108
hY`Fu, uF #FYbF < \F F, Y@r> #YF bu bqFWz A. u\FuF

bF, b~XYu F~L u bqFWz F{ N. @]fF fuF #YFA #u
, u F uF #YFA bqFz N. <u<LAQQ u{h @f bh~FF
b~XYu F~L bqFz F{ N. b~ #> bF f u hY`Fu n N.
#F YFhtF~ #F \wF {FVhYFV {Ft N.101
YFhtF~uF Q{`B`# #YF # {FV #u F]ff #YF
mT {FV A. F]ff \wF Q{`B`# (VII-iii-116 SK 270)\wF
`, Q# #u f ADFu #> #uYfh F{ N. #F {FVF \wFt A
` \ F #u bN #FYF <uF FuF f F{ N. #F <, u<L
ADFF, ADF ` \ u FYF, f uF bq\V &F F u. FF{F~
#F {FVhYFVu \tu {t N. FhAF #u h\FjF bL #F {FVhYFV
YF~ N b~ #> \wFuF hY_ bF[ #Fb N. #F {FV hYFV N~ N.
Y Lf #u Lf VQ# F YFhtF~ FX{F{u N {FVhYFV ~ N,
u wF \# YQAQ < (I-iv-7 SK 243 ) \w F <uF bq h `
{F N < ADu <V \F u. N u<L# (I-iv-8
SK 257 )# Y F hu{\w u<L AD u bL <V \ F u. ( I-iv4 SK 303 ) Y F{ F Y F <V \ F bL bq F z u. #F #> <V
\FuF #FY VQ# \wu bqYfh AA u> N ` \FuF #FY
F]ff \wu bqYfh bL AA u>. #F , u bF h\
AA u>. Y # {FVF #u uF \F N \huYA FYF, {F
A X{F bL YFuF bq\V F A. #F YFhtF~ #F \w F
{FVhYFV {Ft N.102
Lf #YF # {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - F #u bN #FYF
<uF FuF #FA F{ N. VQ# #YF mT {FV A. #F {FVF
\wFt A - <VuF @{ F{ N . YFhtF~ FX{F{u \F bq {FVhYFV
~, uF uF hutA ~, # #F {FVhYFVu bqX{F{Fu ~ N. #> &Xbju
F F u hu~F~L ~YF F YFhtF~ u u`<YHr> #u u <YHr>
VLFYu \F`Fu ~ N. N @L]# _f ~Quo ( III-i-11 SK 2665 )F
~QuuF <YHr>uF #FYF bL oQ`LQ &F~LF _f bqX{{ F{
N, #> bL , u F uF #FYF bL F{ N.103
109
F{F~ YFhtF~uF u #uFu #Fz{ N. FhAFF~ #{FVF

F F TF u. L #F \wuF m \wFF hY_ bF[ #Fz{F N. h\Fj
FF~ FhN h bL FhAFu #u\~ N.
27.
{ VIII-ii-24 SK 280
uYL ADu FM`f bqX{{ FVF uY # (V-iii-60 SK 2009 )

\w # #FA F #umùuF Fb F Ff #Y #YFF, <Lf
FYFu F~L <f. (VII-i-70 SK 361) \w `]fuF #FV F L\L#
hQ (VI-iv-10 SK 317) \w \Fj\{FVuF uF~u &b`FuF t F,
Q`f f #Y WhF hQL ~Qu# (VIII-ii-23 SK 54) \w \{FVFj
\Fb F Q`f b h\ F{ N. Y #> ]AQ # (VIII-ii-66 SK 162)
\wuF b~XY hQL ~Qu# \wuF mF` ~ N. #F Q`f b h\
AA u>. b~ uM<f (VIII-ii-1 SK 12) \w #h\ FbhYhùF
mF` ~ AA u. b~ YFhtF~ VYFu FX{F{u #Y #FAF ~ N
#uYFA FbuF mF` ~A #u \Fbu bqFWz A u>. #F \Fb
F YFhtF~ #F \wF {FVhYFV {Ft N. 104
YFhtF~uF bq {FV F{ N - hQL ~Qu# {Lf $ #F
{FVF \wFt A - {@{u bFN ~F \{FVFjuF Fb F u. F. .
@f, r>f $ #> {Lf bqhùF mF` ~YF F N.105 mT {FV F{
N - $ #F {FVF \wFt A \{FVFj @{uF Fb F{ N. #F
{FV L]#, <uL]# &F~LFF \F~uF Fb h\ F{ N. N Q`f bF
uF mF` F{ N.
VYFu F{F~ #> #Fuj{tu u, {Lf b bqhùF N mF`
~YF F N uF mF` F u #Y AF &[FY, #F \wF hQL
~Qu#, bN #u bN {Lf #YF {FVhYFV ~ N, ~F~ bN #FYF
\{FVFj \F~uF Fb F{ N #YF \wFt h ~ N.106
Y #> {FVhYFV N~ u. Q`f bF #uYFA u FYF,
u bqFWz u. #> \FYFA N , u#, <Y{# bFF \FYFA
N. Y Q`f YV~ bFF, \{FVFj Fbu bqFWzF u#, <Y{# YV~
bFF \{FVFj Fbu #bqFWzF bL uF #F~ F{ N. {F F
110
u bqFWz N N. #F #bqFWzj{F{ {uF N mF` F{ N, \{FVFj

FbuF u>.107 FF{F~, T #F {FVhYFVu bqX{F{Fu {t u.
b~ L Q`f b F YFhtF~ N FuF #Fb {Ft N, u |u {t
N.108 FhAF #u h\FjF #F {FVhYFVu YF~F u.109
28.
`]T`YDQ&tu VIII-iii-58 SK 434
&b{t_ \wF uL M# (VIII-iii-55 SK 210) \wF M#

b \Q# [># # ( VIII-iii-56 SK 335 ) \w F # b N FI@Q# ( VIIIiii-57 SK 211 ) \ b w L t \w #u Y f h #FY N . #F &b~uF \w uF \w Ft
A `]f (`f)110 hY\Vt, Y{f bqX{FF~F ~F YLFt (Yf, Af #u f)# #FF
F #u {Y`Fu F{ X{F~ Fcf ( h\YF{uF m`F N f YLt), #
YLFt (f, f, {f #u ~f ) N \f #u @] (YVtuF YLFt @f , f , f , Vf #u
f)u bFN #FYF f uF FuF Af (w`tj{) #FA F{ N. bqf\wF
huht `] f YV~ YLFtF F #u {Y`Fu F{ X{F~ fu F Af #FA F{
N. &b~uF huhFF {F~ # Y`F~ YLFtu {Y`Fu F{ X{F~ f u F
w`tj{FA(Af) F u. <c< `FuF ~Qr>f F~ #u ~r>f F~uF {
b~ #YuF #u <`h (mu ~F), <`*Q (mu ~ N.) bFF
mT \F~uF F~ F u. &b~uF mju &F~LFF `]f Fhu #uYF~
#u f# m YLFtu, #FtQ # Y`F~ huhFu {Y`Fu N, #F f uF w`tj{FA
F u.
Y <`*Q &F~LF "`]T`. (VIII-iii-58 SK 434) \w XYu
bqFWz F{ N. #F #> XYuF bqh` N~ N. Y `]fu N {Y`Fu F{,
hY\Vtu N {Y`Fu F{ #u Y{f u N {Y`Fu F{ X{F~ fu F w ` t j {F A F{,
#FtQ \wF mFY bqX{ bF YF_{ bh~\FWz Fuu \wFt ~# F
bqhù N~ ~ u, N VL-Yfh \F bqX{u F{ N. b~ \F{F
bL YF_{bh~\FWz TYF N. N # YL I[>L<ò {`Q
<\{IQ` mTL, ` uQ@h I[>TL $111 #F \F{F YF_{\FWz YF
fuF w`tj{FA bqFz F{ N. uF bqh` F YFhtF~ #F \wF {FVhYFV
{Ft N.112
111
YFhtF~uF #F \wF `]DQ #YF # {FV A. <`DQ

#YF mT {FV F{ N #u YDQ #YF T {FV F{ N.113 {FVhYFV
~YF <`*QF fu A u. b~ F{F~ #F {FVhYFVu |u {t

N. u Shn# bqX{ bF YF_{bh~\FWz F{ N. 114 FhAF #u h\FjF
#F {FVhYFV YF~F u. 115 Y FF{F~uF N {F{ N.
#F #F \wF {FVhYFV N~ u.
29.
QYuQ# VIII-iii-59 SK 212
#F \wF Fu #u #FAuF & {F u. #F \wFt ~YF

F bw Y t \ w F F #F \w F #FYF #u Y f b F &b~ #F`F~ ~ N . \Q #
[># # ( VIII-iii-56 SK 335) \wF # b #F \wF #uYfh #FY
N - #u hYW_hYbh~LF [Q{j mu QYuQ# \F \m mu
N. uL M# - (VIII-iii-55 SK 210 ) \wuF #h`F~ #F \wF
#FY N. FI@Q# (VIII-iii-57 SK 211) \wuF #h`F~ bL #> F N. QYuQ#
F j \F\ N. (QYo uo, QYu, LQ#) $ #FA #u
bqX{{ FhuYF f \m mu, u hYAF AFtY N. F bL #FA
b [hYW_F bq{_ Fhuw # \F #bF #WjY F{ N #u
bqX{{b # \F #Y{Yb \m mu N. \wFt A - Fcf bqX{FF~
#u @] (YVt) bFN #FYF #FAYb N bqX{{FY{Y f uF FuF
w`tj{ (Af) #F A F{ N .
Y #F \wuF #tuF F~ bF \hY N. N (1) #FA
#u bqX{{ mjuF \F~FbF #Y{YFbF [ hYW_ FuY, #FAuF
#Y{Y N \F~, bqX{{uF #Y{Y N \F~, (2) \FuFh`~L #FAuF \F~,
bq X {{ \ F ~uF #F A N \ F ~, (3) bq X {{ N \ F ~, #F A uF #Y{Y N
\F~ #u (4) uF &, #FA N \F~, bqX{{uF #Y{Y N \F~. hY{uF
u F~L # N [ \FuFh`~LF #YF #Y{Y{F V F A , N
{`Q<`# (VIII-iii-155 SK 76)F ~ # N \z #h`~L
bF N, #> bL [ hY{u F~L bF N.116
Y #> bq b YF~YFF #FY F <`JQ# (VIII-i-4 SK
2140) <f <f #u ]~f ]~fuF \F~uF FuF w`tj{FA (Af )u
112
bqFWz A, #> \F~ #FAFY{Y N.117 mT b YF~# F @t{H<L

bF fuF w`tj{FA A u>, #> \F~ F bqX{{ N.118 f{bF,
@t{H<L b F h\ A b~ <f <f, ]~f ]~fF Au bqFWz
A, #FtQ bq buF FuF bq\V &F A.119 tbF FQ Lf
Q`f LfF w`tj{FAu bqFWz A u>, #> \F~ bqX{{ N,
bqX{{FY{Y u.120 Y XY #bF #FAu Fu[ #u \F~u #bF
bqX{{u #Y{Y[ #YF #t bqFz ~YF F j \F\u &bbh
A u. #F #F \wF YFhtF~ {FVhYFV {Ft N. 121
YFht F ~uF , Q Y # Y F # {F V A . #u u # Y F
mT {F V A . Y #F \w F {F V hYFVu N ~ u. bq b hu F t
N , F~L <N# u Q Q <N `f # Y F #t F F Y F bq bF F
F &Xbju F u. mT bF bL F F u, N uBQ #
( VIII-iii-111 SK 2123 ) \F~ bN bq h ` u hY`Fu ~ N , #> bL
bqhù hY`Fu \NY T#. #FF{t #F bqF~u bqYfhu Fbu ~ N.122
b F b #u mT bF F F u, T b bL F ~h N
N . F F b {b hAFY hut N N . FQ Lf , Q `f Lf F
u A A.123 F{, FhAF, h\FjF YV~ #F {FVhYFV
YF~F u. 124
30.
uMuh# VIII-iv-3 SK 857
#F \w #F{F{uF c bq ~ LF #FY N . #F \w F {Ah `Q

c# ùQ (VIII-iv-1 SK 235) \wF {Ah `Q c# #A #u r>@f ] Jf`]DQ&
Fu ` N #u c #FA N. #uYf ~ #u F~ \wF bwYtbF #bh
N. # (<B`Q @{# T`f #) b VF~uF {Y`Fuu bqhm` N
Y \wFt A - VF~hju, b~ bwYtbF ~F ~ #u F~ huhuF b~Yt
`fuF FuF \FuF hY{F cf #FA F{ N.125
F Y{F~LF #F \wu hu{Ft Fu N, F F #FF{Ft u
113
hY{t Fu N.126 Y T #F \wu hu{Ft Fu# F \wFt A bwYtbF ~F N ~ #u F~, u bFN #FYF uF~uF FuF, \FuF
hY{F N cf #FA F{ N. #F bqF~ \wFt ~YFF # F &Xbju F{
N. # #YF bqh`, bqh` hu{YF_{uF #A FYF, hu{uF N bqh`
~A, cuF u>. YF \FuF \F h\YF{uF hY{F cuF
bq\V F A. #F YFhtF~ #F \wF {FVhYFVuF #F^{ `F N.127
YFhtF~uF uMuLf hf #YF #{FV A. #F {FVF \wFt
A - bwYtbF ~F ~ #u F~ bN #FYF uF~uF, \FuF hY{F N
c@{ F{ N. #F #F hu{ #\FF #u h bwYtbF ~F `fu F
cf A u>. bN # #YF mT {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - L
#YF bwYtb N cu bqFWz, m`FuF bqh` F{ N. #F #
{FVhYFV cuF bqh` A, hu{uF u>. 128
T F{F~ #F {FVhYFVu bqX{F{Fu {t u, b~ L hYh`bu
&bFu ~, \F`Fu {t N, uMMQ `Q T`* uh, Lùf
# } N.129 FhAFF~ @Q<Lf F~F hu{bu, #u {Q F~F hYh`bu
#F mju b YF{Ft N #u {FVhYFVu \tu {t N.130 j{F\ #u
bN~ FhAF Yfhu #u\~ N.131 uFVA #u YF\Y h #F
\wF hYh`b YF~ N. 132 Y #F hYh`\w N. #bqFzF hYh` F{
N. hYh`bu YF~YF #F \wF {FVhYFV N~ u.
114
bF uF>`
m. m. `t@f , f . I-i-17, P. 177 , "' F<L Q<m# @LD# $
# Y@ LQ` uGhQ m<L $ F<L, <<L $ LL# "q',
q FQYQ m<L Y@ LQ` $ VQ& `]`<@# u
G h@o
q F<L $ N N#F uF &b~ uu# - F\ }uh f - F<L <<L - q F<L L @ Q Q ` <<L $ @Q Q <\ F<L ] < L{Q Y Q `
]LLf hLQ , ` uGh $ "<ùL @`f ' F<L <`
m<L $ Y@]`]G QYQ <@TuLQ }uNh f " F<L', "q
F<L' $ ` L] "<<L' F<L $ XXX "#' F "Y@QL ', "uGf' F<L
`]LLQ $ L u
G h Y@ LQ` <LQ, `QA<<L GL{`]
h `N{Qc
<mA huBLQ $ " F<L'- <L'<L $ "q ' F < "Y@' F<L
ùQL, L uGQQ <`QY# Lf $ LLo "<<L', "q F<L' F<L
LQ NQ }uQ Lf $ L>@\c`]G QY<@uQ <L <c
}u<c <TL $
2. #Nu, P. 178, . q Y@ $ uF &b~ mH - Y@
LQ ` "q ' <mA Lf $ "q F<L' $ " F<L $ QAch LQ`
"<<L' $
3. # Nu, . m. `t@ f , P. 178 .
1.
#Nu, . m. `t@f , P. 178 .

5. 1-i-17-18 &b~ @. G . Vol. I, P. 116 , uF &b~ N #F b N~ (u.
h.) - BQ@Q Q# f - q F<L u<>Lh M@{Qc , LL#
F ]LQ`QYQ` h# Lf, ` uGh, L] "<ùL @`f '
F<L <` Lf, Y@]`]G QYQ <@TuLQ }uNQ " F<L' "q F<L', ` L] "<L<L' - LGLf $ LQ <mZ DHr>Q $ N
<. @. M. 106. 107 .
6. N #F <L@ ] &b~ ~`Q { , Vol. I, P. 140 (Q u ~E uI[> Q ,
Ed.) - q FQ@Q Mh <mZ DLf $ @MQ L]
FL u{Q q Fh VQ&`]`<@# uGoQY# Y@LQ Lf $ LmuQ
L] "<ùL @f' F<L <`h uG<L~QL $ LLo "q F<L', "
4.
115
F<L' uNQ Lf , "<L'<L }uh ` ~QL $ LQ <mZ DLf $

7. ~. Y. YQ . (] u Y, m u] L@~, `{ Ed. ) P. 341 342 - " q ' FQ @ M Q L] Y@ \ c``] G E "q FL' Q @ Q
Lf, uGhu@{cQ` uGQY \<`f " F<L', "<L'<L
` Lf $ QYQ uG@ L] t`fmQ` Qf $ uG
]SQo _~GJLL <Q <YQAcQ `mLf $ Y@\c`]GEQ ~LQ $
8. @. G . Vol. I, M . I-i-62 , P. 226 , # - L `Q F<L uM M Lf $
9. # Nu, u F<L L `Q u] ` # u \ ch <@f ? @G ù ~Q u Q
Lf $ F\ mMLf - `, f $ N N#F Cardona , Panini
.
: His Work and its Traditions , P. 53 .
10. . m. `TK`@f (MB Ed.) Vol, I, P. 223, I-iv-9, Q<m#
@LD# - "AH>]_Lo><', AH>]_L# u<LY >< <VhQ m<L,
LLQ $ >< Q <Q mTL $ ]uh D# $ <Lh D# $
c D # $ <~D# $ @~D# $ u] AD# $ `Q u D# $ u{uD# $
11. # Nu, Vol. I, P. 223 , u. h . Vol. I, I-iv-9 , P. 511 , Q <m#
@LD# - "AH>]_Lo><', AH>]_L# u<LY# >< <VhQ m<L,
LLQ "', >Q, YQ @ L >< <@uQ`
m<L $ Q <o>< <@JLQ F# $ N <. @. S. C. Vasu
Ed. M. I-iv-9 SK 3389, Vol. III, P. 2, F\ F<L Qh <mZ >`]LLQ $ LQ` Q <o>< @Tu@# $ "\]~h ><' F<{
uu# $
12. . m. `t@f , Vol. I P. 223 , I-iv-9 .
13. # Nu, Vol. II, P.103 , "DQ \] ~ f ' , III-i-85 , Q <m# @L D #
116
- "D#' $ DQ m<L `<<L $ XXX LLQ "\]~f' $ \]~h

>< <AQ Q <Q mL<L $
14. . m. `TK`@f, Vol. I, P. 232, Q<mf $ uF &b~u mH N#F.
15. #Nu, P. 232, Q<m# @t{HLQ - "<A]', uM uhh m<L $
LL# "``Q&<' uM uh m<L $ LL# "mf' mhh `` F<L $
16. u. h . Vol. I , P. 521 .
17. # Nu, P. 521 , `h u Zu < LAQ # ` `Q ` F<L , <@* L<\ ?
u]Q&f - Lf ``f F<L $ ``Q ` <<`
u<LAQ#, < @Q`<uJ`Q<L, mQ, uMQc uJ`Q<L, - L{
uTJL# u<L<ALQ $ N N#F G. Y. YQ. (uMc` h@GL
<<B~, {c Ed.) Vol. I, P. 443, ]# u@`f,
` L] JL\]`f $ uQuTLLf $"``Q' F<L u] $
@. G. &b~ , Vol. I, (Tara Publications Ed.) P. 521,

uZu<LAQQ&<u ` QA#, Lf "`L{ << u<LAQQ ' F`L{
uTJL# u<L<ALQ, ` D<\L $ LQ` " ]TJLLh uf' F`Q`
mQ uhQ<L $
19. . m. Vol. I, P. 283, I-iv-58, "u#' F<L Q<m# $ <ùLh#,
@QQ <\ <ùLh&m# $ uF &b~ mHf - u F<L Q<m#
@LD# $ uQ&` <ùLh mTL $ LL "u# <@QQ'
F<L $ XXX @QQ <\ <ùLh&m# $
20. @. G . Vol. I , P. 593 - 594 , I-iv-58 , uG Q @{c] E {h <YQ A cf $ " u# <@QQ ' F<L `]uh mMLf $ uF
&b~ u. h. - h Q E{f <mZLQ $ XXX E{ u h
"<@Q'Q F<L <YQAch f, <ùLhh mM<Q]E{f Q <m F# N N#F #> # - E{hQE{MQ
@GL hQuh $ L <YQAch D>Q# u<Q&f DL`]E{h<YQAcf $ XXX @QQ <\ <L u`]uh
18.
117
f `h mM<Q uGf Q# <@LQ $

21. " <mA ' # Y F bq {F V ~ , \F\hYhù Y W b ~ YFF #F{F N .
N#F - m. G . (Tara. Ed.) P. 57, II-i-11, <mA, L# u{h <mA
Q # $ N II-i-12 &b~ m. G. <mA<@f _h $
u<Lf (#), u <LQ# (_f) $ "hYFF'u FhYFF
FuYFF #FY N. #FuF \F\ #u hYVq YF_{ Yi hYb YF~YFF
#F{F N, #FtQ \F\u YWb muFYYFF #F{F N #u Yi #FYF
hYFF \wF F N \F\ bw~F hYbu #Fb N. #u &m
(hYVq YF_{) mju bq{FV hAn bq{FV N. N, <\ ` f ( # ),
<\`Lf (_f) $ N#F Ram Nath Sharma, Astadhyayi
, Vol.
..
III, P. 17 , M . II-i-11 , This rule is introduced as adhikara , whereby
Vibhasa
. is carried to subsequent rules to indicate that compounds
formed here after will be optional. That is, a compound such as
" bahirgramam ' (Out side the village) can optionally be used as
an alternative to "bahirgramat ', its analysed form
(vigraha-vakya).
Lu Tu F{t ~uF~F ( ~c @ ] H @ ) Y{F~LFu Fu A
\F\ #u \F\FFY mju hAn \ bq{FVF N, FN hYFF #h`F~u
\FtF N. N#F u | > `Q { &b~ Y{` ( Ed.) P. 973,
~c@]H@`f `f u<L _@m&<`# _ u<@# _

`QQQ` o@f $
22. @. G . Vol. II, P. 28 - 29 , u . @ . Vol. I , P.466 , <.@ . Vol II ,
P. 24 - 25 .
@. G. Vol. II, P. 2 YFht ~ YF~ N, N N#F . m. uu#

Vol. I , P. 524- 525 , N u. h . Vol. II , P.222 .
24. @. G . Vol. II , P. 222 .
25. . m. &b~ u u# , Vol. I , P. 525 , AH> u @ {cLf AH> f Q L]
mLQ@Q _# $ L]Q AH><L <NL# $ N N#F #F \w
&b~ u. h . Vol. II, P.222, L] F<L Q Q <m_LD# , AH>
`]LLQ - Q AH> m<L, L] Q<L, L AH>L]Q23.
118
<``@<Q&T``Q&Q <mT_LNh <LQ$

26. . m. Vol. I, II-iv-70, P. 567, . @TI[>Q# u@GtLtùL`f $
27. @. G . Vol. II , M . II-iv-70 , P. 315 , @ T I[> Q c m<LDf "@I<Q QQ' F<L, L <YQAQ `TL, @TI[>ò># $ uF &b~
u. h. < <\ uL{Q{QQY Lf - "QQ&~]<' F<L u<LAQQ
` Lf, ~]@Q <ÀQQ `QY, LLoQYQ GcQ Lf,
~]<@ L] <L L u<LAQQ Lh<`Q<Y>QYJmfG~co>Q
m<L $ L <YQAQ `L<L <@ L\]_Lf ? co o \]A]
~]m<L F<L ? h LQ - < @]TI[>`QY# ] Lf QYQ&Q` uQ ` c mtLDf $ Lt\ t
uL{QYQ&` F<L m<LD<<L
`TL @TI[>Q <YQA# $
28. @] TI[> ` AD {F F N . FhuYQ FY u F #F A bL {F F
muA. #> #umj` f #jFF mu N, {FF muF u.
N#F II-iv-70 &b~ #, <`CQ` QE# Lf $ <@{cQEh ` m<L $ P. 315.
29. N #F II-iv-70 &b~ u. h . #u #, P. 315 .
30. . m. Vol. I , P. 567 .
31. N #F bF u F > ` - 27 , N u u# - ~ Q & # $ u Q <\
~]JLQ u@G<L{Q<YHLQ $
32. . m. Vol. I, P. 567, Q<m# @t{HLQ - (" @TI[>Q#')
@ T I[> Q \ ] A ] ~] m<L $ LL# (" TL@] TI[> ` f ' )
TL@]TI[>`<QL u@GQY m<HL# @TI[>Qt{<L $ N #F &b~ uu# #u BQL#, P. 567.
33. N#F II-iv-83 &b~u @. G. &b~ u. h. #u #, Vol. II, P. 325-326.
119
. m. Vol. II, P. 572-573 . L]<`@# $ uF &b~ mH - L] #

<@LQ $ <`@Q m<H<L - Qu F<L $
35. <. @ . Vol. II, P.11 , M . II-iv-83 , SK 657 N u F &b~ . . ,
P.12 , " `DmL# ' FQ @ h _f $ XXX " f L] u ' F<L
_L{f $
36. u. h . @tY@G t E Vol. II, III-i-46 , FH<L LJ<~`Q _Q &
<f $ P. 434.
37. u. h. Vol. II, III-i-46, P. 434, ``] To~<A{h u]A<#, L u]\{cQ
f m<L , LLo u]ALf uJLh <&&<~`Q _Q
<Qh <<m`f <`Q `QuuBLQ $ L] <<#, J<~`Q
_# , <<L <<> f ? f , <h u{ u Q , `Q u Q
m<~`Q&`<~`Q uMQc _# uJ`Q<L , FHLQ LJ<~`Q _Q& <f, L <`Q ]uuBLQ $ <`Q `QuuBLQ,
<Q&mLf $
38. # Nu, P. 434 , N N #F #, P. 435 .
39. #Nu, P. 435, #, XX <`f - <~` _Q m<L, QQ<L $ BQf, "To~A#' FQh Q<mQ h LQ L "<Im@cQ#'
F<L <c<u QL - u~Q<A @ QEQ` F<L $ `LTL, "u]{Lu
`L{`f <`f LQ `QE{`f' Fh LQ, ` <cf $
"<Im@cQ#' F "<ILQu#' FLTo<c`]L`Q u]`ToI\cLuQ`f - <cQ Lf, Lf uJ`Q<L, L mM<<L $
40. . m. Vol. II , P. 88 , . Q <mLf <f &b~u mH , N
@. G. Vol. II, P. 434 <`QLLf $
41. . m. u u# , Vol. II , P. 88, BQ L # , # Nu P. 88 , u. h . Vol. II,
P. 434 , # Vol. II , P. 435 .
42. <. @. S. S. Vasu, Vol. II, P. 354, M. III-i-46 SK 2514, To~Ao~Q{<~` _ ` $ Q<mLf "Y~ F]uLf' FJh
<A# $
34.
120
. m. Vol. II, P. 96 , <u<LAQ< YuQ ~f &b~ mH

- tu t LAQ t YuQ ~h u J`Q t L $ YuQ & @Y# - utL ,
u>tL $ @Q&@Y# - uLQ Q`Q QEQ`, uLQ tB QEQ`QtL $ F\Qmh uJ`QtL - uLQ Q`# Q $ uLQ tB QQtL $ u{Lf Yuf uJ`QtL $
44. . m. Vol. II, P. 96 , L<\ @<c @Lt{ @f m<L $ h mQ<u
@Lt{ @f uJ`Q<L $ XX <NLQ Q<m# @t{HLQ - "<ImQ' $
LL# "@<c', @<c <Im<L $ LL# "L]@Q @f' $ L]@Q
@f m<L mQ @<c $ LL# "@Lt{', @Lt{ m<L $ @c`]LLQ $ m F<L <`GEf $ LL# "Yuf' $ Yuf m<L @L{Q $ @c<L
<`GEf $
45. . m. Vol. II, P. 97 , L @ C` f @f m<H<L $
46. @. G . Vol. II , P. 451 .
47. @. G . # , Vol. II , P. 451 , u@Lf @ @ L < u m<H<L $
<@* LZu@f ? "` ]\`]`h T_c' F<L u<LAQ# $ < <\ @@Lt{
` Lf, u<LAQQ&`@# Lf $
48. # Nu, <u < LAQ < YuQ ~h Y<LQ Y ] u Q Q _ Lf , `
Y<LQY#, <@* L<\ ? @<LQY# $ @<LQYMQ Lh
Q# @ <@f, L u{f, L# <u<LAQf @ ~f $ N N#F #F \w &b~ u. h. P. 451.
49. .m. u u# , Vol. II , P. 96 , Y<LQ Y u# L YuQ ~Lf $ @tLQYQ L] @ ~f $ N N#F #, P.
451 , u. h . P. 451 , <. @ . Vasu , M . 2756 .
50. . m. Vol. II, P. 103 , @. G . Vol. II , P. 463 .
51. . m. Vol. II , P. 150 . Q <mLf <f &b~ mH - mQ
Lf $
43.
52.
#Nu, P. 150 .
121
53.
#Nu, P.150, . m. uu#, BQh F`Q` mQ <`# @Lt{
QL $ L F<L @Lt{ ` Lf $ À QA# $ B CYQu`Q` mQ @Q <LQ $ L m# @Lt{ L@@TI[>Q`

Q L $ h mQ D<L> L F<L mQ ` ` LQ @L $
54. . m. Vol. II , P. 150 , Q <m# @t{HLQ - " LQ & `] u Q @# ' $
XX LL# - " ] < u' $ XX LL# - " # ' $ mQ L Lf $
55. . m. Vol. II, P. 150, N#FN uu# BQL $ @. G. Vol. II,
P. 545, Q <m# @L D # - " ] u <L ' $ XX LL# " # ' F<L $ uF
&b~ N#F # F u. h., u. @. M. 756 Vol. III, P. 487 , N
<. @. (S. C. Vasu Ed.) Vol. II, P. 43, ]u<L QQ <mZLQ $
XX LL# - " #' $
56. . m. Vol. II , P. 210 , N @. G . Vol. III, P. 18 , # #u u.
h. P. 18.
57. III-i-85 &b~ u. h. u@GL&u@GL <QD<m{Q D~cQ
Lf $
58. N#F. ut{. YQ. B. O. R. I. Ed. Part - 1, P.198, ut{. - 122, ~VQ`
u]Qh LQ @{c# $
59. L b bL {F u b j { A Ft Y N . b~ F `F b m Y bq { F T
u. DFhuF #F bqF~uF bFuF bq{FV \FhX{F TYF F
u, b~ ~F[ FFF #F bqF~uF bq{FV TYF N. N#F, S. C.
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72. @. G . Vol. III , M . IV-iii-116 - 117 , <. @ . ( Q u ~E uI[> Q ,
Ed. ) M. IV-iii-116 -117 SK 1496 -97, P. 756.
73. . m. Vol. II , P. 600 - 601 .
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75. . m. Vol. II , M . VI-i-1, P. 665 , . Q <mQ $ u F &b~
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76. N #F . m. Vol. II , M . VI-i-1 &b~ . u Q $ u F &b~ mH
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77. @. G . Vol. IV , M . VI-i-1, P. 438, uuQ u h DuQ < YCLf $ F, { F@<u DuQ<YCQ $
78. @. G . Vol. IV , M . VI-i-32 , P. 488 , " u {cf ' F<L L `Q u] ` #
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79. . m. Vol. II, M . VI-i-32 - 33 , P. 699 , Q <mL] @L D $
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91. <. @. (Qu~E uI[>Q, Ed.) Vol. II, M. VI-iii-10 SK 968,
P. 372 , . . { Q m# @{# $ , @{# L<NYQ A @# $
92. . m. Vol. II, M . VI-iii-10 , P. 847 , . Q <mLf <f $ mHf
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\~QQ<L $
95. . m. Vol. III , M . VII-ii-63 , P. 146 , . Q <mLf <f $
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96. #Nu, . m. uu#, P. 146 , LLo \{`h ]c{u{Q{LQ&J]uQYQ&LLf <Q u<LAQQ& <`Quu<E# $
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98. @. G . Vol. V, M . VII-ii-63 , <Q {mQ <` # - UL
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P. 421 , ( M . @ h @ - 3068 ) , L <`<`r> U LQ ~Q `r> f
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101. . m. Vol. III , M . VII-iii-116 , P. 239 , . Q <mLf <f $
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@{L ~Qu# $ P. 240.
104. . m. Vol. III , M . VIII-ii-23 &b~u YFht , Q <mLf <f $
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Vol. VI, M. VIII-ii-23, P. 384, F\ Q`f, mM`f F<L h u{J<Lf
hQL ~Quh ` LQ $ oQ L] ùJLQ L- {L F<L L

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I , M . VIII-ii-24 SK 280 , P. 317 , {Q b Lf h Q L ~Q u Q
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118. # Nu, mHf - P. 468 .
119. # Nu, N #F u u #u BQ L , P. 467 - 468 .
120. # Nu, mHf , P. 468 .
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h L<\ QA# "#' F<L <` u<LAQ# uJ`Q<L, LQ`@ _Lf,
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F "r>f' #u "r>f ' #FV F u. b~ "`L{ <<m<L u<LAQQ
' (ut{. m. YQ . ut{. 61 )' bh~FF " [> `f ' ( VI-iv-72 SK
2254 ) \w bq F z " r> f ' uF N bq h ` A , r> f u F u> . b~ " r> f ' uF
bq h ` bL WiN N . T " ~] f ~f ~G f [] > L# ' ( VI-iv-71 SK 2206 )
\w F " r> f ' u #u Y f h ~YFF #FY F " < 'u bL " r> f ' u bq F Wz
F{, # Y F F uF bq \ V &F F{. T bw Y t \ w " < 'u bL " r> f ' F{
YF~# F " r> o ' ( VI-i-90 SK 269 ) \w Yf h bq F z u F{,
T " r> o ' # Y YF~# F " @A L f ' bF bq F z F{ b~ " uf ' u
" ~f ', "<uf ' , "[> f ~Q #' (VII-iii-99 SK 2476 ) \w <uf u F
r> f , , " \<Y ' ( VII-i-114 SK 166 ) F " uQ \<L 'F
Yf h uF bq \ V &F A . u hu~F ~ L ~ YF F YFht F ~ " L G < r> #
{Q L f ' # Y YFht #Fb \F`Fu { t N . 83
F{F~ #F YFhtu bqX{F{Fu ~ " u .' \wF {FVhYFV
~ \F`Fu {t N. 84 F{F~uF "uGtL' #YF # {FV A. #F
{FV Yfh F{ N. " L ' #YF mT {FV A. FhAF , h\FjF
" r> f' #u " r> f ' mjuF bqh` Fu N. b~ #F #V A F u. 85
j{F\F~ {FVhYFV {Ft hYuF " [> `f' #u "` f Q Q ' \wFuF
bf{FV\FF{t " r> f'uF bL bqh` Fj{F N. 86 u. h . #F {FVhYFV
YF~ N.87 #F {FVhYFVu # mN bL bq{FNu N. " u > < L ' bF
" U@#' ( VI-i-128 SK 92 ) \wuF u{ AF{uF bqfhYQFYu
bqFWz F{ N. AF{uF #F bqfhYQFYuF hu~F~L F bL {FVhYFV
N~ N. F{F~uF "uGtL ' #YF # {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt
A - #F~Fj &b\Vt bN F~Fj `F #FYF Yfh #FA F{ N. bN
" L ' #YF mT {FV A. #F {FVF " u L f ' bu #uYfh F{ N.
#F mT {FV mF`mFùFt A. 88 #F bL #F \wF {FVhYFV
N~ N.
156
27.
< uM# VI-i-107 SK 194
bqF hYW_ mYuuF f bqX{{ FVF F bF "G#' , "J~#'F

N h{F hYW_ mYuuF " Yf' bqX{{ FVF F bF "G `f' ,
" J~`f' F " f ] c # ' ( VI-i-87 SK 69) \w VLu bqFWz A. #>
"@# cQ V#' (VI-i-101 SK 85 ) \w \YLttu bqFWz A. N
"uQ# uMc#' (VI-i-102 SK 164) \w bwYt\YLttu bqFWz A.
#u "LQ ]cQ' (VI-i-97 SK 191) \w b~bu bqFWz bL A. Y "V'
#bYF FYF "]c'uF mF` ~A. "u{'u F~L "uMcV' "cV'uF
mF` ~A #u hY{j~u #bqFWzF F hYhùF #F~ YF, \YFtbYFXY
" u{}u ', " c V 'uF mF` ~A. #F " G `f' , "J~`f ' bFF " LQ
]cQ' \w "u{}u'u bq\h A.
Y F # " u Q # uM .' ( VI-i-102 SK 164 ) \w
tXY hY{j~u #bqFWzF #F~ bF FYF "` ' bF N mF`
~ N. b~buF bL mF` ~A. F Y m~Fm~ u. f
\h`#FF ]c \h` #u cf \h` &X\Vt \h`#F N, {F~ G<, cV,
uMc uF #bYF N. N u{}u F m`FuF #bYF N. #F m`Fu
mF` u{}u bqFz A. #F #F \wF YFhtF~ {FVhYFV {Ft N.89
YFhtF~uF "u Q #' #YF # {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt
A - @f bN bqF #u h{F hYW_ \m` f b~ #FY X{F~ bwYt
- b~ mjuuF FuF c V F{ N. mT {FV A -" uM c # ' $ #F
{FVF \wFt A - @f bN bqF #u h{F hYW_ \m` f bFN
~ X{F~, bwYt - b~uF FuF uM c V # F A F{ N .
b~ #F {FVhYFV YF~YF #u FF #FY b| N. N Gf,
J~f bF h\ AF u. F~L #F {FVhYFV N "LQ ]cQ'
\wuF mF` ~ N " < uM #' \wuF bL mF` ~ N. #F G f YV ~
bFF Vu bq\h A. N ~ G`f, J~`f YV~ bFF "L>Q`#
u]h<' (VI-iii-103 SK 196) ` u. #> LLf AD #uj~tuF
b~FAt F{ N. " L`f o{LQ ~ ` f uo'F " L Q & YQ # ' (VI157
i-93 SK 285) \w #FAF F{ u> # F #uj~tuF b~FAt #FY{
u. #F #F {FVhYFV ~YF ``f # Y F b F ` A b~ G `f

#YF bF ` A u>. G `f b F "u Q # ' \w t A.
F #uj~XYuF #FY uF~ A u>.
#F m`F FFuF hu~F~L F F{F~ "< uM#' \wF {FVhYFV
{Ft N. 90 F{F~uF "< ' #YF # {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A
- f b~Yt ~F, N } N A u>. bN "uM #' #YF mT {FV A.
#F {FVF \wFt A - f bqX{{ b~Yt ~F bwYt b~uF FuF bwYtb
F{ N. #u "u Q #' #YF {FVhYFV bqFz tXY bL A u>. N
" LLf u Q V L f' #Y ~u " u Q #' N tu hY`Fu {t N, uF
b~FAt F{ N #u mju \wFF ` h\ F{ N Y \F`Fu {t N.91
FF{F~ #> m ~ bL \F`Fu {t N. " \] `Q Q L f '
(VII-iii-103 SK 205) \wF {FVhYFV {Ft N.92 FF{F~uF #>
" \] `Q' #YF #{FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - mYuF #F~uF
FtA F{ N. bN " Q L f ' #YF mT {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A
- ~< ]uf hYW_ bqX{{F b~Yt ~F, vY #F~F #VuF @{ #FA
F{ N. b~ #F {FVhYFV YF~YF Gcf bF hYW_ mYuuF
f bqX{{ bwYt, #F~Fj #Vu `]r>f #FV F u.
{FtF #> {FVhYFV N~ u. b~buF mF` F L ~ {FVhYFV
~YFF VF~Y N, Y " `<< ' (VI-i-104 SK 165 ) \wF " FZ\c 'uF
\F{t bqF hYW_ mYuuF f bqX{{ #u h{F hYW_ mYuuF
Yf bqX{{ b~Yt ~F bwYt - b~ fuF FuF b~b u. "Nu]{Lu `L{`f <`f LQ, `QE{`f' (ut{. m. YQ. ut{. 59) bh~FF
bL " LQ ] c Q' \w N b~b, @f uF \YLttXYuF N mF` ~ N,
bwYt\YLttXYuF mF` ~ u. FhAF , h\. F. #F \wF {FVhYFVuF
#F^{ F u. " u] { Lu. ' bh~FF #F \F`Fu ~ N.93
28.
# uL<L VI-i-109 SK 86
#F \wF "uM } u ' #FA \hù hY`Fu { N. "< uM #' (VI158
i-106 SK 194)
\wF "uM#' bu #uYfh #F \wF #FY N. "uMu{Q#'

(VI-i-84 SK 68 )uF #h`F~ A N. #F #F \wuF \wFt A - bFj
f #uj~ vY #F~ #FY F bwYt - b~ mjuuF FuF uM}u #FA
F{ N.
"LQ&`]uQ @#' (III-iii-35 SK 2915) \wuF #t F{ N &b\Vt~h
@{L `F#Fu @ &bb F{ X{F~ @ bqX{{ FV N ( <`<L)
Z# bu h\h F YFhtF~ #F \w &b~ "@< u{<cQ
[>#' #Y YFht #Fz{ N. 94 #> uF VqL "LoQuQ' (III-i136 SK 2898 ) \w F bL "[> 'u hY`Fu Y T#. #F # , u # bFu
h\h A, u>~ + #Y #YFF \bq\F~L #u bwYtXY F
f #FA F \], u\] #YF bF bqFz A #u Z bu m
< #Y b muA. 95 #F F{F~ #F YFhtu bqX{F{Fu {t N.
@ bqX{{ b~Yt ~F, b~ ~YF ~Qu #u hu{c F cf F
b h\ A #Y F{F~ N. #> ~Q u "<mLf' (VIiv-22 SK 2183 ) #h\ F Y F #u {Y`Fu F Y F f A u> . Y
T #FY YF~# F ]\]L]#, ]\]]# bFF bL "~Qu ' #h\ FYF
fu bqFWz A. #F #F \wF F{F~ {FVhYFV {Ft N.96
F{F~u Shn# " # ' #YF #{FV A. " u {c ' ( VI-i108 SK 330 )# bw Y t \ w N . u #F {F V F #u Y f h A . #F #F {F V F
\wFt A - \bq\F~L f bFN #FY X{F~ bwYt - b~uF FuF "bwYtb'
#FA F{ N. {F \bq\F~L u{ f \hY N X{F "Q uQYQ&<Y<L'
(VI-i-45 SK 2370) \w A u>, #Y Fbu ~YF F{F~ {FVhYFV
{Ft N.97 Z# bF #FF~Fj L bqX{{ u F{ X{F~ bL YF
{F{ u. #F bF , bN bqX{{, LfuF Fb, \b\
q F~L #u #h\XYu
F~L Ff - f uF #FY h\ F{ N. FhAF #F {FVhYFV #V Fu
N b~ ~ u. h.F #F {FVhYFVu YF~ N.98 h\FjF YFhtu
YF~ \F`Fu ~ N.99 h\h F m YFht ~YF ~F {FVhYFV
~YFF FY N #F #F \wF {FVhYFVuF #F^{ N~ N.
159
29.
@]\uLt{_L]ML{o~~G|>}uu{Q[>L<L~@uI@~Q m{ch VI-ii-42 SK 3776
#F \wF @]\uL. YV~ \F \bF #u m{<F bwYtbF

"bqfhY~' F{ N. G<\uLF bL N. #F YFhtF~ VYFu
FX{F{u #> " @] G Z Q \ u LQ ' #Y YFht #Fz{ N.100
F{F~ #F YFhtu |u ~, #> {FVhYFVuF #F^{ `F N.101
F{F~uF , #> " @] \ u Lt{_L] M L {o~~|> } uu{Q [>L<L~@uI@~#' #YF # {FV A. bN "m{ch ' #YF
mT {FV A. #F \wF mYuuF hutAu F~L "m{`h ' #Y
hNF\F F{ N.
FhAF F #F {F VhYFV YF~YFF #F{F u. b~ F #>
"GZQ \uL F<L _LDf' #Y YFht #FbYFF #F{ N.102 h\. F.F
" G Q t {<L f ' # YFht YF~ \F`Fu #FbYFF #F{ N.103 T
{FVhYFV F{th\ F{ F YFht ~Y N~ u. " Q E {h ] ` `h
uIf' Yu #F \wF {FVhYFV N~ N.
30.
Vf_L<@cf VI-ii-144 SK 3878
31.
@{@fE]LQ{Q<Y<A VI-ii-148 SK 3882
"<L{`L{#' (VI-ii-49 SK 3783) \wuF \wFt A - tYF _LL

&~b bFN #FYF #u `L{ #FtQ \b Vh F{ F bqfhY~
mu N. F. . u@GL# $ uL# $ \wF #uj~VqL { N - ]fGLf,
uLf bFF bwYtb bqfhY~ F u.
Y {F #Vh F{ X{F #uj~VqLuF #t ~F u. b~ {F
#uF Vh F{ X{F bqFz u. "#uj~' # #u VhF "#uj~
Vh'u bqFz F{ N, u>~ ]fGLf &F~LF "fGL' ADuF @G{u,
uF #bYF < Y~ bqFz F{. Y F # N bq \F\F
<L{ mFh` < Y~ ~ mT \F\F bqFz F{ N. uF
#bYF <L{ bL bu bqFz A. F Y {F{ u, #bwYtbu
160
F~L A u>.
Y T # YF~# F F~bwYtF #hbq\V F A. "M{L#
uJLQ QEQ`'F L ADuF "LQ@TL@M{.' (II-i-39 SK 701) \w
\F\ F, #YFF < Y~ N, b~ uF, mF` ~, `L{
VqL <L{u bqFWz A. #F F{F~ "Vf_L.' \wF {FVhYFVuF
#F^{ `F N.104
" V_L. ' \w "&~b #jFF' bq~LF #h`F~ \w N.
#F \wuF #t F{ N <L, @{@ #u E{uu bFN T , , Vf ,
_L, f, uf, F #u @ #FF bqX{{Fj ADF &~b F{ X{F u
"#jFF Y~' F{ N.
F{F~uF "V<@cf' #YF # {FV A. bN "_L#'
#YF mT {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A. - _LL &~b #jFF F{
N. #> @{@Q u u VqL huYf T{ N.
b~ #F {FVhYFV YF~YF NF "tY]H@#' YV~F @GLf Y~ &~bu
#FFXY bqFz F{ N. Y] H @G H r> F #FFXYuF hY`Fu #jFFXY
WiN N #Y #FAF ~ F{F~ m ~ {FVhYFV ~ N. 105 u
Shn# " @{@Lf' #YF # {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - @{@ bN
~ _LL &~b #jFF mu N. bN "ELQ { Q <Y<A ' #YF mT
{FV A. M { L# YV~F "<L{`L{# ' \w #uj~VqLu F~L
<L Y~uF #bYF Fhb F{ N. u. h . #F {FVhYFV YF~ N.106
#F {FVhYFV N~ N.
32.
Z`h <` VI-iv-16 SK 2614
"Fo' (II-iv-48 SK 2616) \w Ff `FuF < #FA F{ N

#u "uM `# ' ( I-iii-62 SK 2734 ) \w u #FXub F{ N.
FfuF <uF FY #u thLF #FXub F Ff FYF ~< `f bqX{{F
b~Yt ~F &b{t_ "Z`. ' \w t F{ N.
Y " <h LQ'F "Q G T > f ' (I-iii-29 SK 2699 ) \w
161
 bL &b{t_
"Z`' \w t bqFz F{ N. #F F~L tu YF~L ~YF F YFhtF~
FX{F{u " Q V Q Ff \ cf ' #Y YFht #Fz{ N.107
b~ F{F~ #F YFhtu |u ~, #> {FVhYFVuF #F^{
\F`Fu {t N.108 F{F~uF "< `#' #YF # {FV A. #F {FVF
\wFt A - L `F#FuF `f bqX{{ bFN #FYF t F{ N. bN
" \<`Q #' #YF mT {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - \`f #u <uF
`f bqX{{ bFN #FYF t F{ N. Y "# <`' #YF {FVhYFV ~F
#> bh~FF &bW F L uF t F h\ N N "Z\c'
&~Ft N u Fbu F{ N.109
FhAF #F {FVhYFV YF~ N b~ F "<` V#' #Y \w ~Y
T# u FuY N. "<` V#' #Y \w ~F, Lu N tXY bqFz
A.110 u. h. FhAFu N #u\~ N.111 j{F\F hNujamh bL #F {FVhYFV
YF~ N.112 h\FjFF~ FhN h T [ #F {FVhYFV
YF~F u. b~ L N "QYQo' #Y Yfh #Fb N #> {FVhYFV
YF~YF N \hY N.113 #F #F \wF {FVhYFV N~ N.
33.
```h ~Q# VI-iv-42 SK 2504
&b{t_ \wF "~'F jhutA N \F hutA N Y hNF\F

F{ N . T #> jhu t A F { F \ i { F{ N . F \w Ft A
~< `f bFN #FY X{F~ #u ~< <@Lf <Lf bFN #FY X{F~
`, ` #u ` # V F u @{Q Y F{ N . T #> \F hu t A F { F
hYA L - hYA {F hYb F{ N # Y F #t bq F z F{. Y bq b
YF~# F ~< `f bFN #FYF @{ #jF Au bq F Wz A .
#u mT b YF~# F " L# ' , " L`f ' F @{Q Y bq F z F
u #F F~L " `] EQ u Q Y . ' ( VI-iv-37 SK 2428 ) \w F " <~ 'F
162
<@Lf <Lf u #u Y f h YF `f u hYA L mu N . #> L< hYh`

F{ N . #F ~< `f # Y F #t bq F z F{ N . <@Lf <Lf #u Y f ,
#F \w F ~ F ~f u hYA L mu N #u L< hYh` YF ~< <@Lf
<Lf # Y F #t bq F z F{ N . #F ~< `f #u ~< <@Lf <Lf
# Y F m huhF N .
FF{F~ {FVhYFVuF #F^{ #F \wF ~f VqLu bqX{F{Fu
{t N.114 FF{F~uF "```f' #YF # {FV A. #F {FVF
\wFt A - ~f <@Lf <Lf bFN #FYF #uuFh\uF #FF~FA F{ N.
bN "<` ' #YF mT {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - ~< `f
bFN #FY X{F~ N `, ` #u ` #VFuF #FF~A F{ N. u. h .
#u . .# #F {FVhYFV YF{Ft N. 115 ~f VqLuF bqX{F{Fu F
F{F~ {FVhYFV {Ft N. {FVhYFV hYuF bL $h\h A N
34.
\~# VI-iv-49 SK 2631
F{F~ "` L]~Qu L]@Q' (I-i-4 SK 2656) \wu bqX{F{Fu

{t N. #F \wFt A - #F`t`F bqX{{ huh {F L] uF #Y{YuF Fb
F{ X{F, #F`t`F bqX{{ huh F@f uF FuF uF~ ]c #u G< F
u.
Y T #F \w u F{ F Q < m<L, {G @#, @G A<mL, @#,
<<L &F~LFF VL #u Yfh bqFz F{ N. b~ F F F u.
#> #F~Fb F, uF FhuYQFY VL #u Yfh bqFz A. F. .
~Q~]#, uQu]#, {G#, {Gu# $ #> "Q&< ' (II-iv-74 SK 2650)
\w ~]@f ~YFF #FYF "LQ ~Qu F<r> ' (VI-iv-64 SK 2372) \w
Fbu bqFWz u. #F #> FhuYQFY A u>, N VL-YfhuF
hu` A u>. #F #F \wF VYFu F{F~ {FVhYFV {Ft N. 116
" LQ ~Q u #. ' \w u #> #u Y f h F{ N . F{ F ~uF " ' # Y F
# {FV A. #> "L# ' ( VI-iv-48 SK 2308)u #uYfh F{ N. #F
#F {FVF \wFt A - #F`t`F bFN #FYF, " 'uF #F~uF Fb F{
163
N. ~]@fuF mF` ~YF F F{F~ #F {FVhYFV {Ft N. bN "\~#' #YF

mT {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - #F`t`F bFN #FYF, \~fu
&~ ~F " 'uF Fb {F N. u. h . #F {FVhYFVu YF~ N. 117 VL
#u YfhuF hu` F F{F~ #F \wF {FVhYFV {Ft N. b~ "` L].'
\wu FN~ FYF #F {FVhYFVu N~ u.
35.
LjQTHc]A] VI-iv-55 SK 2311
"cQ{<`<r>' (VI-iv-51 SK 2316) \wF bwYt \wF " L]@Q'

#u " ~Qu# 'u #uYfh #FY N. "'uF #h`F~ A N. #F #F \wuF
\wFt A - <`r> f #Fh #F`t`F bFN #FYF <cuF Fb F{ N. F.
. @{c, \{c, @{@#, \{@#, @LQ, \LQ $ #> VYFu bFhLhu#
@{<L, @{<L]fF <c~Qu u F{ F \wF <`r>f VqL {t N.
b~ F{F~ #> <`r>f VqLu |u {t N. L @{<L YV~u
h\h F {FVhYFVuF #F^{ `F N. 118 F{F~u Shn# " f ' #YF
# {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - Q r > f #F`t`F b~ ~F, <c uF f
#FA F{ N. bN mT {FV A - " LjQ T Hc] A ] ' $ #> f
#FA F{ N N.
u. h. #F {FVhYFV YF~ N.119 FhAF, j{F\ #u <. @.F

<`r>f VqLuF bq{FNuu bqhbFu {t N #u {FVhYFV #V A } u.120
<`r>f VqLu YF~YFF #FY F #F \wF {FVhYFVu N~ u.
36.
{`Q@Q&hQuM VI-iv-82 SK 272
"`f |>fho' (II-i-39 SK 701) \w &b~ YFhtF~

VYFu FX{F{u "<N`Lf u{c<.' #Y YFht #Fz{ N.121
#FtQ <N` ~F u{c, , <<@{, {, F, Fu ,
]c-G< hYh`#F hYbqh` F{ N. F{F~ #F YFht YF{t N b~
VL-YfhuF hY{u bqX{F{Fu {t N. 122 uF hYtu ~F b~bu
VLYfh A. Y T # ~# F "F' bF #~V FYF \YLttXY
bqFz F{ N. b~ "ch ~Q m<L' (ut{. m. YQ. ut{. 55) bh~FFu
164
YF~YF F F ~F u. #> "cQ' (VI-iv-78 SK 2290)

\w " c ' u Vq L #F bh~FFu Fb N .123 b~ FG L #, FG # ,
Qc, Q<c bFF #F \wu bq{FNu N, F~L " V Fc# <@<L'
(VII-iv-69 SK 2456 ) \w tu hY`Fu ~ N. #> bL u bq{FNu N.
\YLttuF mF` ~YF F N F N \YLttuF mF` ~ N {LFAuF
bL mF` ~ N. #> {LFA F, F{F~ {FVhYFVuF #F^{
N .124
F{F~uF "{`Q@# ' #YF # {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A
`Q@f YFF Fcf #Vu, f b~Yt ~F, cQY F{ N. mT {FV
A - " h Q uM ' $ #F {FVF \wFt A - `FuF #Y{Y N \{FV,
Nu bwYt u YF Fc, j #uFQYFF Fcf #Vu f b~Yt ~F
{LFA F{ N. #F #> c VqL Fb N. {FtF F{bqFFJ{
<~r>f F c, @<A<L YV~u #uh`Fu FYF #YF # &F~L #\YLtVq Lu
bq{FN N FYF #> {FVhYFV N~ u.
N " <mLf' (VI-iv-22 SK 2183 ) \wuF \wFt F{ N
- " mLf ' #FtQ " m ' ( VI-iv-129 SK 233)uF #h`F~ {F \` NF
F{ X{F \` # bFu \FWz \`, \FuF^{ #FtQ # N huh
F{ X{F~ m F{t #h\ NY FuYFF #FY N.
Y " `f ' bF #~Vu F~L FA, TL F f b~ ~YF
" FcQ cf' (VI-iv-81 SK 2455 ) \w {LFA ~F, #ThuF #FY
" [> `f ' (VI-iv-72 SK 2254 ) \w r> f #FV bqFz A u>.
b~ "<mLf' \w " FcQ cf ' \w #h\ FYF #ThXY
r>f #FV F{ N. "<mLf' \wu bq{FNu N. 125
b~ F{F~ " {`Q @ Q & h .' \wF {FVhYFVuF #F^{ , #F
bq{FNuu |u {t N.126 F{F~u Shn# "{`Q@#' #YF # {FV A.
bN "h Q uM ' #YF mT {FV A. #F r>f h\YF{ `Q @ f Fcf
F u. #F bF r> f A. b~ " <mLf' #F {FVuF LF
bq{FNuF N. #F #F \w N~ N. T #F \w F{ F #> {FVhYFVu
165
N~ u.
37.
Lo uhQuMLf VI-iv-106 SK 2334
#nF{F{F VI-iv-22 VI-iv-129 \w F F m bq~L #Fz{

N. mLf F <m<< FYF, #F #h`F~ bFu \FWz \` T{ N.
" <mLf' \wuF \wFt F{ N - "m ' ( VI-iv-129 SK 233 )uF
#h`F~ bFu \FWz \` T{ N X{F \`, \FuF^{ #FtQ # N huh
F{ X{F~ m F{t #h\ NY FuY. Y "<\'F \`f `FuF ~Qr>f F~,
<uf bqX{{, uF <\ #FA ~F, YufuF ~] @ f ~F, `] Fb F, "\LQ#'
(VI-iv-36 SK 2431 ) \w "\'uF m ~F, "LQ \Q #' (VI-iv-105 SK
2202 ) \w <\ uF F b bq F z F{ N . b~ #h\ F Y F #F \w
A u>, "<. ' \wu bq{FNu N.
b~ F{F~ #F bq{FNuu bqX{F{Fu ~, "Lo u.' \wF
{FVhYFV {Ft N. 127 F{F~u Shn# "LQ \Q#' (VI-iv-105 SK 2202 )
#Y \w N. bN " Lo' #YF # {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A. <\ uF
~] @ f F{ N. bN " uLf' #YF mT {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A.
@{L bqX{{, j #V bN #FYF <\uF Fb F{ N. Y "<mLf'
\wuF LF bq{FNuF N. #F #F \w N~ N. Y T #F \w YF~#
F #> {FVhYFVu N~ u.
38.
~QuQ&`# VI-iv-134 SK 234
"o]VQ`L<LQ' (VI-iv-133 SK 362) \wF "Q# u{cf'

(VI-iv-131 SK 435) \wF "u{cf'u #uYfh F{ N. "~QuQ&`#'
\w F " `f' #bt #FY N. #u o`f , ] `f #u V`f u hYAL
mu N. "m'uF #h`F~ A N. #F \wFt A hhju bqX{{ b~F
~F, `f #YFF m \ #VuF `f , ]`f #u V`f ADFu \bq\F~L
F{ N, N o`f - Y] ` # , Y] ` , Y] ` Q $ ] `f - M ` #, ] ` , ] ` Q $
Y #F \w "]L# uo' &F~LF \bq\F~L bqFz A. uF mF`
~YF F YFhtF~ "`h u{cQ `@{L\c`@{Lu<LAQf'
#Y YFht #Fb \F`Fu {t N.128 F{F~ #F YFhtu bqX{F{Fu ~,
166
#> {FVhYFVuF #F^{ N.129 F{F~u Shn# "o]VQ`L<LQ'

#YF # {FV A. #F {FV @{ uF Fb A. bN "`# ' #YF mT
{FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - #VuF #Y{Y \YtuFFu hju {Th
YFh b~ `f \m` #bh FYF h{F hYW_ mYu A ~
\z hYW_ mYuu Yi ~ #Th hYW_#Fu &Au bqYf A.
Y \T{ N. #F {FVhYFVuF \F{t "`#' # mju \bq\F~LuF hu{F
A. #F " \{#' "{@f ' , "]L# ' YV~F \Hbq\F~LuF #FY
h\ A.
FhAF, j{F\, b. . #F {FVhYFV YF~ N.130 h\. F.F FhN
h [ {FVhYFV YF~F u b~ u #F \w &b~u Yfh TF,
#F bL #F {FVhYFVu \tu ~ N Y b \T{ N. 131 \Yt\H
#YF #F {FVhYFV N~ N.
39.
LQ LQ# VI-iv-140 SK 240
#F \wF "m ' (VI-iv-129 SK 233) #u " ' (VI-iv-18 SK

200 )uF #h` F ~ A N . #F \w F " ~Q u Q & `# ' ( VI-iv-134 SK 234 )
\wF "~Qu#'u #uYfh #FY N. #F #F \wuF \wFt A - #FF~Fj
`F NuF #F F{ YF m \ #VuF Fb F{ N. "~Q & ' ( Ii-52 SK 42) bh~FF "m' \ #VuF #X{ YLtuF Fb A. _#, o`#F
hYW_F YFhtF~ " LQ #' # u> ~u " LQ & ù# ' #Y YFht
#Fz{ N. 132 F{F~ #F YFhtu bqX{F{Fu ~ #F \wF {FVhYFV
{Ft N.133
F{F~u Shn# " L# ' # Y F # {F V F{ N . #F {F V F \w Ft
A - #FF~Fj m \ # V uF F b F{ N . bN mT {F V F{ N
" LQ # ' $ #F {F V F \w Ft A - #F F ~Fj N `F , j m \ # V uF
Fb F{ N. bwYt\w `FuF #FF~uF Fb h\ N FYF, #F {t muu
{FVhYFVu h\tF bwYtuF _YhQbLFu Fbu ~ N. #> "LQ#'
#Fmju {FYf h #u \\< u {FYf h F N . F hA F , h\Fj F
#u bq h { F F #F {F V hYFVu YF~ N . 134 \Yt \ H F Y F #F
167
{F V hYFV #F \w F N~ N .
40.
`QuQH`L# VII-i-5 SK 2258
"mQ Lf' (II-i-39 SK 701) \w &b~ YFhtF~ "Lhh

\\cf' #Y YFht #Fz{ N.135 uF #FA{ YF N \mML, b~b~Fb
mjuu # #o{\F F{ N. bqX{F YF_{bh~\FWz j{F{ mjuF
m \F A, #F \ VqL ~Y T#. b~ F{F~ #F YFhtu bqX{F{Fu
{t N. u Shn# \wF m VqL \ uF #t AFtY N. #F \ VqLu
N~ u. Y \wF muF VqLu mN F bq{FNu N u> Y AF
TV N. {F mQ - mju ADbFu ^YL F{ X{F #o{ \F F{
# {F #o{F\u ^YL F{ X{F F{ #u {F #o{F\u ^YL u
F{ X{F F{ u>, N F J TL, F J `f , Q J `f YV~ bFuF hY{F
u F{, # F \wF mQu Vq L { N . T \w F mQu VqL ~YFF u
#FY F m, `]u<LAQ, ]m hYh`#Fu bq\h A. {FtF, \wF
mQ VqLu bq{FNu u. u VqL ~YFF N FF #FY b| N. uF
hu~F~L F F{F~ #> {FVhYFVuF #F^{ `F N. muF bqh`
F " `Q u Q H `L# ' \wF F{F~ {FVhYFV {Ft N. 136
"LLf' (VII-i-4 SK 2479) \w bN "`QuQA]' #YF #

{FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - #FXubF Lf F{ N. bN mT {FV
A - "`L# ' $ #F {FVF \wFt A - #F~Fj ~h `Fu #V bwYtF
~F, #FXubF uF FuF AF Lf #FA F{ N.
b N~ F ~ ~ #F {F V hYFV [ Y F {F t u b~ u
#F \w &b~u Yfh TF #F {FVhYFVu \tu ~ N. b N. 137
j{F\F~ hNuj amh #F {FVhYFV YF~F u. uF #> #o{F\VqLu
#uYfh F{ N. mQ VqL hYuF bL {F #o{F\u ^YL F{ N, X{F
A, #j{ A u>.138 Y #F \wF {FVhYFVu N~ u,
" @Q NQ u' (VI-i-1 SK 2175 ) \wF NQ u #uYfh N \uF
F h\ F mQu VqL \F{u bqhbh F N. \F{u N #o{
\F F{ N, bqX{u u>. #F \wF \ VqL N~ u. 139
168
41.
A[>fQ ~]@f VII-i-22 SK 261
42.
{Q \t~ VII-ii-85 SK 286
" HcL Ar> f' (I-i-24 SK 369 ) \wuF \wFt F{ N - F~Fj #u

uF~Fj \{FYF ADFu Ar> f \F F{ N. Y YL<`, \ <c b F F
"ù]h@ ~#' (VII-i-72 SK 314) \w uFV F, uFjXYu F~L
" HcL Ar> f' \w Ar> f \Fu bqFWz A. #u " A[> f Q ~] @ f ' (VII-i-22
SK 261 ) \w ~] @ f u bq \ W_ A . Y Hr> `f b F Hr> ` f u
~F, Ar> f \Fu bqFWz A u>. bN "Ar> f L] o ' (VII-i-5 SK 338 )
\w `]f #FV A u>. #F #> YFhtF~ "Ar>fh]uQY`f '
#Y YFht #Fz{ N. 140
F{F~ #F YFhtu bqX{F{Fu {t N. L bF #Y \F`Fu
#Fz{ N #F \wF #FF~uF bq FuYF T#. #F \wFt A F~Fj, uF~Fj #u #FF~Fj \{F Ar>f \ mu N. b~ YF~#
F "N<Hr>Q <*Y 'F Ar>f \Fu bqFWz A. #F F{F~ "A[>fQ
~]@f ' \wF {FVhYFV ~ \F`Fu #Fz{ N.141
F{F~u Shn#, " Hr> Y f' (VII-i-21 SK 372 ) \w bN
"A[>f#' #YF # {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - Ar>f YV~ F N YF{
N Hr>`f YV~F bL F{ N. bN mT {FV A ~]@f $ #F {FVF \wFt
A - Ar> f \ ADF bFN #FYF bqF hYW_ mYuuF bqX{{ f
#u h{F hYW_ mYuuF bqX{{ Yfu F ~] @ f F{ N .
#YF F{F~uF "{Q \<~' (VII-i-39 SK 701) \wF {FVhYFV
F{ N.142 "Hr>` <m_L' (VII-ii-84 SK 371 ) \w bN "{#' #YF
# {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - { ADu, hYW_ bqX{{ bFN #FYF,
F{ N. bN "\<~' #YF mT {FV A. #> " Hr>` <m_L'
#u " {#'u #uYfh A. #F \wFt A - " Hr> ` <m_L ' #u
" {#' mju \wF, Fh hYW_ bqX{{ bFN ~F "' ~ N. b~
#F {FVhYFV YF~YF <uHr>, <uHr> bF h\ AA u>. {FtF
169
#> {FVhYFVu N~ u. YLt` , \<c bFF F F #FYA u>.

"TùL~cQ <<{<`<Eh Lf<VL' (ut{. m. YQ. ut{. 85) bh~FF
`]fuF Fb A u>. N Hr>`fF #FXY ~YFF bL F F #FYF u.
Hr>`fF tVqL #FXY ~F Hr>`fu \F mu N, u Fbu ~ N. F{F~
bL A#FF #F \F`Fu #Fz{ N143 #u {F{ N. bN~F~ ~
bL #F bu \tu {t N. 144 FhAF #u j{F\ bL #> {FVhYFV
YF~F u. u Shn# HcL ADF #jVqLuF \F{t &bA
#YFF N F~Fj #u uF~Fj \{FYF ADF N. u Ar>f \F F{
N. 145 #F #> {FVhYFV N~ u.
43.
c~]EQ VII-i-91 SK 2283
"u{u`h c~L]]~]c#' (III-iv-82 SK 2173) \w bqFL

b~b \ <L<uF {F\{ c~< uY <LQY F{ N. c~fF c@{
#um` N. AF F N Y hNF\FF, F{F~u Yf{t FuYF
T#. b~ # F{F~ u |u {t N. 146 Y T Yfh F N
Fu# F F{F~uF #> {FVhYFV ~YF T#.147 " Q L Q <cLf '
(VII-i-90 SK 284 ) \w u #> #u Y f h #FY N . bN "~f ' # Y F #
{FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - ~f <cLf F{ N. bN mT {FV A.
" EQ ' $
FhAFF~ #> c@{u Yf{t Fu N.148 bN~F~ #> {FVhYFV
YF{Ft N. 149 \wF~ VYFu bFhLhu #> Yfh F cf #um` bq{FN
N #u {FVhYFV u ~YF F F #FYF u. #F #F \wF {FVhYFV
N~ u.
44.
cQ{`Q GEf VII-ii-26 SK 3066
"<`H>h Q<r>' (VI-iv-52 SK 3057) \wu bq{FNu AFtY, F{F~

# #F \wu |u {t N. #F \wu bqX{F{Fu ~YF F L &b{t_
" cQ { `Q G E f' \wF {FVhYFVuF #F^{ `F N.150
F{F~uF #F \wuF L | b| N #u F hYb{t{ bL
170
F{ N, N " cQ #' #YF # {FV A. F "<`H> h `Q r > f 'u #uYfh F{

N. #F {FVhYFVF \wFt A - IL bN #FYF <`H> uF Fr> f F u.
bN " G E f' #YF {FV A. #> "G E f'u hubFu F{ N #u <cuF Fb
F{ N. #F {FVF \wFt A - <`H> F <c Fb A, #j{ u> F. .
@t{Lf , \t{Lf $ #> hY`{ u # Fuu hu{uF YF~ {Ft N.
b~ #> ] c m hY`{ N. Y T # F{ F LG < E #u @YQ A F
F #uF #F^{ YF, #F hu{FtXY #u mTF VLhu`XY F{
N. bN "`Q' #YF {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - ù YFF
ILG<E `FuF N <c~Qu F{ N.
bN~F~ ~ {FVhYFV YF{Ft N.151 FhAF #u h\FjF
#F \wu bqX {F{Fu ~ F u, b~ L #F \w u bq { F Nu AFt { N.
#F #F \wF {FVhYFV YF~F u. 152 {FVhYFVu YF~YFF
hu{j, #FYfh, #AuF #F^{ YF b| N, F VF~Y N. #F #F
\wF {FVhYFV N~ u.
45.
L]@Q[>f~Q# VII-ii-35 SK 2184
" <] r > f L Q < A] m@ c Q uQ Y Q & Z`G \ G Y h <I<r> f

' (VI-iv-62 SK 2757) \w #F{F{F #VFh`F~F bh[ N. \wFt
A - m F @ hY{ , <f, ]r>f #u Lf bFN #FYF, uQYF
#Nj `F#FuF #VFu F \`f , \ #u GYf `F#FuF #VFu <cf u NYF
F{Ft hYb F{ N. F Fr> f #FV bL F{ N. <ILf F{Ftu \F Fr> f u
hY`Fu FYF, N bF <ILf F{t F{ N, bF Fr> f #FV F{ N.
Fr>f #FV , <f, ]r>f #u Lfu F{ N, #Vu u>. #F \w N
Fr>f #FV F{ N m bq~LF ~ FYF "cQ{<`<r>'u Shn# #h\h
FuYFF #FYF FYF Y<HLQ , Y<HLQ YV ~ <cL bq { F V F F <cuF
Fb T{ N. \z #{F{F F F[> F{ X{F~ <c~Qu F u,
N Y<HLQ $
#F {F~ <cfm u F{ X{F~ F[> bL F u, X{F~ F[>
Fu F{ N Y hNF\F F{ N huhtnu #FV F{ N. #> <
171
\zhuhtn N. #> F mT u ^YL u. T " \ò #'

(III-iii-76 SK 3253 ) \wF bhuht \TL u bqX{{ FV #FA \F
\ m ` F [Q { j mu N , < #F bL {F~ #FV \F \ m h `
A X{F~ [Q{j muA. b~ #tu Shn# bFYFtb{tuF #FY A
u. #F F{F~ #F \wF {FVhYFV {Ft N. 153
F{F~uF "L]@Qr>f' #YF # {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt
A - #F`t`Fu Fr> f uF #FV F{ N. #F {FV bh~FF F{ N {F
Fr>fu hY`Fu F{ N, X{F "L]@' # &bW F{ N. <#Fu
#Y hY`Fu u FYF NF huhtn FYF Fr>f #FV A. bN "~Q#'
#YF mT {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A. ~f bqX{FF~ Nu #FhF N.
YF #F`t`Fu Fr> f uF #FV F{ N.
N ~ "`Q [ > f <Y @G <L ' (VII-ii-8 SK 2981 ) \wF @G <L \ cu
bqX{F{Fu ~YF F bL &b{t_ \w "L]@Q[>f~Q#' \wF F{F~
{FVhYFVuF #F^{ `F N.154 bN~ N mFuF~F #F {FVhYFV
YF~ N.155 FhAFF~ #F {FVhYFV YF~F u. u Shn# ~uF
hY~Fù F~L #Vu F[> A u>. T #Vu F{ F F[> F, ~
\FuF hY~F` #hu bq\V &F F{ N. #hu #t AFF #FY {F{
u.156 h\FjFF~ FhN h #F # V F u N . m`F F F
FhAFF~uF {F{ N. #F #F \wF {FVhYFV N~ u.
46.
]c# VII-iii-108 SK 242
#F \wF " ] ' (VII-iii-106 SK 288 ) \wF "] 'u

#uYfh F{ N. "'uF #h`F~ F N. #F \wuF \wFt A - ]<
b~Yt ~F vYFj #Vu VL F{ N. " f ] ' ( VI-i-69 SK
193 ) \w ] < uF F b A .
Y \Q @] t{ , \Q <@YQ t { , \Q <c YV~F AF F VL F u
#Y AFuF \F`Fu F F{F~ #F \wF {FVhYFV {Ft N.157 F{F~uF
" ' #YF # {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - vYuF vY #FA
172
F{ N. VLuF mF` ~YF F vYuF vY ~YFF #FY N. bN "] c # '

#YF mT {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - vYuF VL F{ N.
FhAFF~ #F {FVhYFV YF{Ft u. u Shn# \wF vYhY`FuuF
\F{t V L F u. 158 j{F\ #u b N~ F hA F u #u \ ~ N . 159
u vYhY`FuuF \F{t V L A u> , F~L T vY ~YFF
#FYF VL F{ F vYu vYhY`Fu #ut T{ N. #F \wF {FVhYFV
N~ u.
47.
UGYQ&< ]c# VII-iv-16 SK 2406
" F@Q ] c G ' (I-i-3 SK 34 ) \wF F{F~ m bFu &bFbu

{ t N 1. L> Q A u #u 2. Luu. T \wF iNbu YF~#
F F LF FF #FY b|A. #F YFhtF~ " G < ] c ~Q & Q < L. '
#Y YFht #Fz{ N.160 b~ F{F~ #F YFhtu bqX{F{Fu {t N. #u
#> N FF &F F{ N u \F`Fu {t N. Yfu F " UYQ & < ] c # 'F
N " F@ F<L _LDf ' #Y N } N, uF hu~F~L F VYFu F{F~
#F \wF {FVhYFV {Ft N.161
F{F~uF " {< ] c # ' #YF # {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt
A - YLFtj #VuF f bFN ~F VL F{ N. bN " GYQ#' #YF mT
{FV A. #F {FVF "U 'u #uYfh F{ N. #F #F {FVF \wFt A
- YLFtj #u G < Y{f uF #VuF f bFN #FYF VL F{ N. f <Lf
FYF " T_<L ' (I-i-5 SK 2217 ) \w VLbqh` bqFz F,
VLu hY`Fu ~YFF #F{ N. {FtF #F \wF {FVhYFV N~ N.
48.
\~<# YQA# VII-iv-60 SK 2179
#F \w F ~ F \~<# b F { F \F\ VLYF # V F{ F ~

Ft ~ N. \~<#, \~<# #YF [Xb~\F\ YF~# F "#o{F\'uF
N \~f YLFt, uF #Fh YLt A ~ YF #t F{, N `, `L]#,
`]# $ #> #F &F~LFF f `FF mT @fuF #FY bq
@fu hYtu ~F, T #o{F\FhF~ F u, F bL \~<# N
173
uF A bqFz F{ N.
T \~<#F t`F~{Xb~ YF~YFF #FY F r]>#, r>L]# bFF
<YQA huhu u FbuF #FYF #F \~fuF #FYF Fb ~YF
T#. #F F{F~ #F \wF {FVhYFV {Ft N.162 F{F~u Shn#
" \~f' #YF # {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - "#o{F\'uF \~fu F F b
F{ N. bN "<# YQ A #' #YF mT {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A #Fh \~f A ~ N. #FtQ N #FhuF \~f u F{, uF Fb T{ N.
YQ A uF #t N # Y F F{ N {F~ N #Fh \~f u F{ uF Fb
T{.
FhAF #u h\FjF "#\F\b'uF YF~ ~ #> {FVhYFV
YF~F u.163 bN~F~ ~ bL #> "#\F\b' YF~ N
b~ \~<# F t ` F~{Xb ~ \F\ Y F ~YFF F F u #
N.164 j{F\F~ hNujamh bL #> {FVhYFV YF~F u. L \~<#
F t`F~{Xb~ YF~ \F`Fu {t N. 165 #\F\b YF~YF #F
\wF {FVhYFV N~ u.
49.
`h <m<ALh <YQA`Q VIII-i-74 SK 3655
FF{F #F \wuF bF[ &b~ NmuF N. {F~ FhAF, h\FjF

YV~ "<m<ALh <YQ A `Q ' #YF bF[ #Fb N. DFh> "#F{F{'F
FF{ Nm \wFuF bF[ #Fb N.
&b{t_ "`h <m<ALh <YQ A `Q ' \w bF " `TLQ
`<@{cQ `f' (VII-i-73 SK 413) \w bh[ N. #F \wF
" `TLh uM <B`Lf' ( VIII-i-72 SK 412 ) \wF " TLf ',
"uMf' #u "<B`Lf' bFu #uYfh #FY ~ N. " u'uF #h`F~
A N. #F #F \wuF \wFt A - \FuhYW_ hYALYF TL
b b~ ~F, uF bwYtYt hYA{YF TL buF #hYFuYQFY F
u. # # WhF hYFu N FuYFF #FY N Y T # F{
F "Q Q< {<L F[>Q @DQ <\DQ'F b{Ft{ ADFuF bL \FuFh`~J{
#hYFuYQFYuF hu` F{ N #u huFuF bq\V &F F{ N. #F
174
F{F~ #F \wF {FVhYFV {Ft N. 166

F{F~u Shn# "`TLQ `<@{cQ `f' #YF #
{FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A. #FWjFj \FuFh`~L b~Yt ~F,
bwYtYt #FWj \FFj{YuuF #hYFuYQFY F u. bN "<m<ALh
<YQA`Q' #YF mT {FV A. #F {FVF F{F~uF mYu n
N. #F #F {FVF \wFt A - \FuhYW_ hYALYF b b~Yt
~ X{F~ mYuFj hY{YFbuF hYb #hYFuYQFY F{ N. \Fu
AD #XYb~ N. hYA{mF` AD \F # \\Vt #FtYfhbL
hYYh N b~ F{F~ hYA{YF bu mYu F #F hYh` hYb
F{ Y {YF ~ N. FhAFF~ #F {FVhYFV YF~ N #u #F \wu
m bfQ \wFF > bF[ ~ N.167 h\FjF bL #> {FVhYFV
YF~ N #u "`TLQ `<@{cQ `f' #YF bF[ #Fb N.168
\Yt\ #YF #F {FVhYFV #> N~ N.
50.
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16. # Nu, P. 155 , . m. LE<\ u <`Q <NLh Y Q A \ ch @L D f $ `
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17. #Nu, P. 155 , <NLQ Q<m# @t{HLQ -"`]E<L `Quf' $
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21. . m. Vol. I , M . I-iv-3 , P. 218 , h <`Q Q # Lf u @ uQ L
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157. . m. Vol. III, M. VII-iii-108, P. 236, h L<\ Q<m# @t{HLQ
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158. @<Y@ , Vol. VI , M . VII-iii-108 , P. 117 , \Q @] t{ , \Q ] FQ`h <`f ]cQ ` m<L $ < ]c FHr># Lf,
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162. . m. Vol. III, M. VII-iv-60,, P. 264 , Q<m# @t{HLQ $
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167. @<Y@ , Vol. VI , M . VIII-i-73 , 74 .
168. <. @ . ( Q { @G Hc , ] h F Ed. ) M . 554 - 55 , P. 115 .
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180. . m. Vol. III, M . VIII-ii-92, P. 424 .
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#F hu{ \w N. u>~ bwYtYQ w b~ 100 #h`FuF 99 #YF 98
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#F{ N "{YFbX{'u hYYF F{ X{F~ Q YF ADu N "{YFbX{'F
bqX{{ F{, #uj~FbX{ bq bqfhu bqX{{ F{ u>. N u \F
N YFi{F ] \Fu YhNt ~YFF #FY N. F~L, X{F VF \Fu
F~L # N bqX{{ A. #F &b{_t \wuF \wFt A - {YFbX{F VFbqX{{Fj
ADu N #bX{ bqX{{ F{ N, b~ hVF {Y\F u.
Y { Y FbX{u hYYFF VF YF ADu N bq X {{ F{ N . F. .
uh ] , c# $ Tf u F~L hju { Y FbX{ VF u
210
N bq X {{ F{ # Y F #t N , b~ {F { u, F uh t
{ Y h#F F bq X {{FFuF bq \ V F A N "@Q Q Q ' ( IV-i-93 SK
1093 ) # Y F hu{, ] \ F Q \ FuF mF` YF, u huYf h
A u> . bN Q \ FuF #FY h V F VF bq X {{ \ hY N u.
u #h`Fu bq F z u. #F F hA F F ~ #F \w F {F V hYFV
{F t N . 35
FhAFF~uF "Qf Mt`' #YF # {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt
A - {YF #bX{ YFi{ F{ X{F~ VFbqX{{Fju N #bX{ bqX{{ F{ N.
bN "Tf' #YF mT {FV A. "Mt`' bu #> #uYfh F{ N.
#F {FVuF \wFt A {YF N F{t } N hVF u. #FuF
{Y\FuF N bqh` F{ N, hVu F VFbqX{{ #h`Fu F{ N.
F{F #F \wu Ft u. j{F\ #u bN~ #F {FVhYFVu \tu
~ N.36 mFuF~FF~ bL #F {FVhYFV YF~ N.37 #F \wF "Tf'
#YF {FVhYFV ~YF N~ N.
7.
# ]{Lf IV-iv-78 SK 1630
#F bqFW{ bq~Lu \w N. #F \wuF \wFt F{ N - h{Fj

]{ bqFhbhu "\tL' #tF bqX{{ F{ N. jhYhùF Yb
bqFz Lf #u >@f bqX{{uF #bYF b bqX{{u #> hY`Fu { N. #F
\w bqFL ]{h \tL, ]{c# b h\ A. b~ E{]{c#, tc]{c#
&F~LFF bL bqX{{ n N. #F #F \wF FhAFF~ {FVhYFV
{Ft N.39 F{ h\FjF #F {FVhYFV #V Fu N. b~ FhN
h ADF F YfhF~uF Yu ~ #F {FVhYFVu AFtY N. FFYfhF~
b~FY #F {FVhYFVu Fj~ ~ F N.40 Y E{]{c#,
tc]{c# #YF hAn bq{FVFu h\h F #F \wF {FVhYFV N~ N.
8.
ut{AQ I# II-iv-70 SK 1152
"L ]# ' (IV-iv-98 SK 1650 )uF hY{ A N. #F \wuF \wFt

F{ N - \z\t ut{Af AD u , ] #t F I () bqX{{ F{ N.
ut{Af + I, ut{AB# b h\ F{ N. #> c bqX{{ bL n N.
211
FhAFF~ #F \wF {FVhYFV {Ft N.41 FhAFF~uF "ut{A#' #YF

# {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - \z\t ut{Af ADu ] #tF
c bqX{{ F{ N. ut{At ]#, ut{A# #Y b h\ F{ N. bN "I#'
#YF mT {FV A. #> "ut{A#' bu #uYfh A. #F {FVF \wFt
A - \z\t ut{Af ADu, ] #tF I bqX{{ F{ N. ut{AB#
b h\ A. #F \wF "uA#' #Y bF[Fj~ bL N, bF[ F,
uA u c bqX{{ F uA# #Y b bL bqFuF YF~ N.42
F{F #F \wu F Ft u. #F X{F {FVhYFVu bL
Ft u. b~ FFYfhF~ b~FYuF #F bqF~u Ft FhAFYfhF~
N{Fh X { ~ N. 43 h\FjF F ~ #F {F V hYFVu \t u ~ N . 44
ut{A# #YF hAn bq{FV mF{u F~L #F {FVhYFV #FY{ N.
9.
L ut{cf V-i-57 SK 1723

h# hhVM`QA] V-i-58 SK 1724
#F \wF \thYW_u \w bqFj "LLf' b ut{cf u \FuFh`~LYF N. bqX{{Ft Q{t \Fb N. #F #F \wuF \wFt A ut{c \FuFh`~LYF bqF\t bqFhbhu Q{tF {FhYh >f
YV~ bqX{{F F{ N. F "hh h.' \wF &b~uF bw~F \wu #uYfh
#FY N. #> "hh Q uQ #' #YF YFht h , hV YV~
#FtF Y h F N bqX{{ F{ N #YF ut{c #tF \{FYFu
&_ bqX{{ F{ N.
#nF{F{u bqFu Yfh#FF "L ut{ch h# hhVM`QA] ' #YF # {FVF #F \wuF bF[ {F N. F{F bqF~Fj #F
\wF {FVhYFV ~YFF #F{F N.45 #F~Fj { AD YFhtF~uF Yu
\F` N, "L ut{cf' #YF {FVhYFV AFtYYF "QQ&tu GoLQ
{YLBf ' # Y YFht YFhtF~ #Fb N. 46 bqbF~ #u &FF~
#F {FVhYFV YF~ N.47
FhAF #u h\FjF F #F {FVhYFVu \tu { N #u
# {FVF ~F #F \wuF m NF NF \wFF bF[ #Fb N.48 FhAFF~
212
"u ~Qt\# ut{c' "u @~ut` ut{c' # Y F hYVq ~ ,

"L ut{cf' #YF {FVhYFV bqX{{u hY`Fu ~, u~Qt\tL@f,
u@~tu@f #YF bF h\ ~ N. 49 bN~F~ ~ FhAFF~uF
Yuu bh~f ~ {FVhYFVu \tu ~ N.50 m`F N Y{F~LFu \H
FYF, #F \wF {FVhYFV N~ N.
10.
LQ`B`~Quo IV-i-125 SK 1790
FY-tuF hY{ A N. #F #F \wuF \wFt A - Q{j LQ`

bqFhbhu, FY #u t #tF Lf ()bqX{{ F{ N #u LQ` ADuF
uF~uF Fb bL F{ N. F. . `Q m# @ LQf $ #> F
Y{F~LF LQ` ADu Vf bqX{{ bL iN N. #F FhAFF~ N{FhX{
F Y{F~LFu n VL bu h\h F #F \wF {FVhYFV {Ft
N.51 b~ F{F #F bqF~u Ft { TYF u. b ~ F Y
FFYfhF N{FhX{uF uF #F {FVhYFV &f ~ N #u #F {FVhYFVu
YF~ N.52 bqh{FFF~ #FF{t ~Fa #> Hf bqX{{ F {FVhYFV
YF~ N.53 h\FjFF FhN h @QtLf #YF b #> {FVhYFVu
&f ~ #F {FVhYFVu \tu ~ N.54 mFuF~FF~ YF\Y hu
Shn# #F {FVhYFV F{F TYF F u. #bqFFhL_ N.55 b~
hAn bq{FVuF mF{, #F \w Lf bu h\h F #> {FVhYFV
~YF N~ N.56
11.
L]@Q @f V-iii-102 SK 2057
bwYt \w "FQ utL@GL' (V-iii-96 SK 2051)F #F \wF "FQ'u

#uYfh A N. #F \wF FuF hY{ N. #F #F \wuF \wFt A FF tY~ ADuF |> bqX{{ F{ N. F. . tY~ F, tY~Qf $ #> F
Y{F~LF |>f bqX{{ bL iN N. #F FhAFYfhF~ #> {FVhYFV ~
N.57 FhAFF~uF "tY~#'#YF # {FV A. #> |>fu #uYfh
F{ N. FF bqX{{ A. #F #F {FVF \wFt A - FF tY~
ADu |>f bqX{{ F{ N. F. . Y~Qf $ bN "|#>' #YF mT {FV A. #F
{FVF \wFt A - FF tY~ ADu |> bqX{{ F{ N. F. . tY~Qf $
213
FhAF #j{ Y{F~LF uF u bqhAt ~YF #F \wF {FVhYFV

~ N. h\FjF #F {FVhYFVu \tu ~ N.58 mFuF~F bL
#F {FVhYFV YF~ N.59 bq{FVmF{uF F~L, Y~Qf bu h\h F
#> {FVhYFV #FY{ N.
12.
DQ \~f V-iv-75 SK 943
#F \wuF \wFt F{ N - utL, `] F &b\Vt bwYt ~F `f

#u ~Q`f bqFhbhFu \F\Fj f bqX{{ F{ N. F. . utLf, `]f,
f $ utL~Qf, `]~Qf ~Qf $ b~ @GHcmM#, uI[M]mM# $
mM# $ u`f $ uQ{f #F m`F N &F~LFF f bqX{{ WiN
N. #F FhAFF~ #> FYFht #Fz{ N
@G HcQ _uI[] > u M mM Q { u #G L # $
Qo `Bo h E{Q t $$
"tu GoLQ' #YF Yu uk`m#, c`m#, V{#, {#,
{# #YF bF h\ {Ft N. 61 b~ # L #F \wF {FVhYFV ~
\F`Fu #Fz{ N.62 u Shn# "f' #YF # {FV A. bN "uuMLf
~Q`#' #YF mT {FV A. j{F\F~ hNujamh "L]{Q&u@{cQ.' #u
"u{h QtL.' # muu YFhtF u |u ~ #> {FVhYFVuF #F^{
\F`Fu #Fb N.63 FFYfhF~ #F FYFht N{FhX{uF uF F_{
N, N uk`m# YV~ bFu h\h F #F \wF {FVhYFV YF{Ft N. 64
FhN h h\FjFF "@GHcQ_uI[]>.' YFht @GHcmM#, mM#
YV ~ #u "h `.' YFht u`f , JLQ {f u h\ ~ N
b~ uk`m# bu h\h F #F \wF {FVhYFV YF~ N.65 mFuF~FF~
YF\Y h, FF{F #F {FVhYFVu Ft u FYF, u YF~F
u. b~ #F "uGAQ{t` Qut>f' Yu F{th\h AFtY N.66 F{F
#F {FVhYFVu Ft u NF hAn bq{FVuF mF{ #F \wF {FVhYFV
~YF N~ N.
13.
`>MumG]@QA] VI-iii-84 SK 1012

#F \wF "`' b Fu N. #FAFX "#' b "\ #'
214
(VI-iii-78 SK 1009) \wF #uYfh #FY N. #FAuF hY{ Yh bq{FVF

bw~F \h ~YFF #F{F N. "E{uQ 'uF #h`F~ A N. &~bF ~F
M ` f, umGtL #u @ #F L ADF #> #bh u. #F #F \wuF
\wFt A - YuF hY{F M ` f, umGtL #u @ h\YF{uF mT FbL
AD &~b ~ ~F F{ X{F~ "`'uF "' #FA F{ N. F. . `#
m# > ` ] m ] > `m# (II-i-58 SK 737) @{# $ bN
mF `mQ m# # b hubju F{ N #u Mttm` m AD
&~bF ~F #F Yh bq{FVF ùF #FA F{ N.
b~ u#, f, Lf YV~ Fh bq{FVFu h\h F FhAFF~
#F \wF {FVhYFVuF #F^{ `F N.67 FhAFF~uF "`' #YF
# {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - "`' ADuF " ' #FA F{ N.
bN ">MumG]@QA]' #YF mT {FV A. F{F #F \wu {F{Fu
{ u. bN~F~ ~ #F {FVhYFVu YF~F u #u u{ \
#Y F FFYfhF~ b~FY uF u FE N #> `
AD GY #tF N. F. . GY# , tL $ #> #Yb hYVq
mYqh N. N `Q Q, #, `# uQ&, u#, ` tL{,
Lf &F~LFF "Qu`' (VI-iii-82 SK 849 ) \w m h\
AF u. #F N F{ #u YFhtF #F {FVhYFVu Ft {
u.68 FFYfhF~ #F {FVhYFVu bqX{F{Fu { N. u Shn# #F
bqF~uF {FVhYFV #uFt N, #F \wF AD \SAYF N, N
GY# , t $ #> "Qu`' \w m #YbhYVq
mYqh \F\ mu N.69 h\FjFF~ #F {FVhYFVu \tu {
N #u L FFYfhF~uF u bL YF{Ft N.70 Y #> \ AD
\SAYu N #> "Qu`' \w m F{ N. #F F~L #F
\wF {FVhYFV ~YFu N~ u.
14.
~Gr># f VI-iv-12 SK 356
#F \wF "|^>~QuQ.' (VI-iii-111 SK 174) \wF "V#' #u "`Qu#'

(VI-iv-7 SK 370) \wF "u#'u #uYfh #FY N. "' \wuF
#h`F~ A N #u hYW_hYbh~LF mYuF hYbh~LF bF N #F
215
#F \wuF \wFt A - F "tY' b~ ~F F`f \`f uMA`f #u `f ADFu

uuF t F{ N, #j{ u>. Y thu` bqFz F, "] 'F thY`Fu
~YFF #F{ N. F. . \I[>t`, \>tc YV~. Y "``Q ]'
(VI-iv-8 SK 250) \w tXY Yh\ N X{F~ #F bqF~uF #F~ hu{
~ N #F \wF huhtnADFu &b`Fu "tY' (f #u Yf ) b~ ~ F N
t F{, #j{ u>. FhAFF~u Shn# \YtuFFuF hu{ ~, ~
"tY'F hu{ ~YF T#.
Y # N \w m hu{ ~ ~ AF{ Y hNF\FF, uF
&~b FhAFYfhF~ #F \wF {FVhYFV ~ N.71 FhAFF~uF
"F\ùMAcf' #YF # {FV A. #F {FVF "``Q ' (VI-iv-8
SK 250 ) \w F A u #u Y f h F{ N . #F #> \w Ft A F`f , \`f , uM `f
#u `f ADFu &b`FuF, \YtuFFu b~Y ~ X{F~, t F{ N,
#j{ u>. bN "Y ' #YF mT {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - F`f,
\`f YV~ ADFu &b`FuF \YtuFFu "tY'bqX{{F b~ ~ X{F~ N t F{
N, \Yt u>.
#F {FVhYFVu FbL Y{F~Lu \tu { u. #F Y{F~LF
{FVhYFV {Ft hYuF m ~ h\h AFtY N. FhAFF~ bL bF {FVhYFVuF
#F^{ , bN #j{ ~ #> \F`Fu ~ N. 72 #F m`F Y{F~LFu
#\H #F {FVhYFV N~ u.
15.
\~ t`>f VI-iv-95 SK 3073
#F \w uF \w Ft F{ N - \f ~ ] Q (#Fu bFYF ) `F u F
# V u &b`FuF , t`> bq X {{F b~ ~ F, F{ N . F. . u \ f ~ `# $
u \ f ~ ``f $ Y #> T_L`f bq X {{, N huF u, b~Y ~ X{F~ bL
#F `F u F # V u &b`FuF vY WiN N . #F F hA F F ~ #F \w F
{F V hYFV { F t N . 73 F hA F F ~uF "\f ~ #' # Y F # {F V A . #F
huFhju bqX{{F b~ ~ X{F~ bL _{F~ vY A, N u\f~tE# $ F{F
#F #V F Ft u. bN~ "_tLf u>fLQ' #YF Yu #F {FVhYFVu
uF > ` N . b~ F{F #F bq F~uF {F V hYFV F u bL
N . 74 b~ u \ f ~ tE# bu h\h F #F \w F {F V hYFV N~ N .
216
16.
Q&L VI-iv-171 SK 1158
#F \w #bX{Fh`F~ #jVt bh[ N. Y #F \wuF # {FVF

T bF[ F{ F #Y AF F{ N #F \w hY{t N hu{Ft N ? #F
\wu bwYt "` uMQ&uQ&c#' ( VI-iv-170 SK 1157 ) \w bh[ N. Y
T #bX{ #tF F{ F #uj~ \w N bqfhFY h\ F FYF
"`LtLQ' ( VI-iv-144 SK 679 ) \w tr> ~ Q u h\ T{ N. Y h\
F #F \w hu{Ft mu N - tLF N #bX{ #tF {FhYh bqX{{
F{ #u "LQf' (IV-iii-120 SK 1500) \w cf bqX{{ F #bX{Ft
cf bqX{{uF #FY Q m#, f , h \ t# #YF bF h\
AF u, #bX{ #tF bwYt\w bqfhFYuF bqh` {F N. bN
`f #YF bqfhFY bqFz F, tLF uF tr>uF Fb F hubFu F{
N #u hYh` #tF Q m# YV~ h\ F{ N. b~ tLF bqh`
YF c# Ff, At# b h\ A u #u ThF #bX{
#tF "` uMQ&u.' \w bqfhFYuF bqh` F "`LtLQ'\w tr>u F
Fb F{ N, N Q `{# $ N ~ c# uttL c# h\
Y T#, u. #F #F \wuF #{FV ~YFF F #FY N. #F
FhAFF~ #F \wF {FVhYFVuF #F^{ `F N.75 FhAFF~uF ,
"#' #YF # {FV A. #> #bX{Fh`F~F bL \F{tuF F~L tr>uF
Fb F hubFu ~YFF #FY N, N Q m# $ bN "L ' #YF
mT {FV A. #F {FVF #bX{ #tF tL #h`{ F{ X{F~ cf bqX{{
F `f ADu tr>uF Fb F u, N c# uf, c# FtL $
F{F~ #> [ {FVhYFV AFt{F u. b~ #F \wu {F{F
~ Y # Y F bw Y t b Fhb {F t N "tL' #t F `f ADF
tr> u F F b ( `f u F `f u F F b ) ~YF F #F \w N hu{ ~YF F
N ? #> m N b L FuYFF #FYA . #> L F ~ F `f
Xb~ \F\ N F `f bq\{bqh`Ft N. uF #t #YF A "tL'
YFi{ F{ X{F~ u F{. N #F \wFAF "` uMQ&uQ.' \wF "uQ'
bu #u Y f h #FY N . N tL ADuF #Y{Y"tL' ADuF \ m `
#u Y f h #FYF u \F ~YFF #FY N . N tLF ~ F
`f u F \ m ` mtL h{Fb \F F "` mtL' # Y F #t F{ N . #F
217
\w uF h{ # A "L ' uF #t # Y F A #bX{Ft F tL #h` {

F { X{F~ T hY`{Fu cf bq X {{ b~ ~ F, `f ADu tr> f (`f ) uF
F b A u> #F c# uf , c# # Y b h\ A . \w uF bw Y t
#A "#'F \F{tYA uu #uYfh ~YFF #FY u, #bX{FtF
"`LtLQ ' \w tr> u F F b Yh\ N . #F #bX{Ft #ubX{Ft F
Th #Th #t #h` { F { X{F~ #F hubFu ~YFF #FY N .
#F #bX{ #t F mq FuF Fu\ b (uF~) #h` { F { X{F~ #
`{# # Y F bq { F V h\ F{ N . 76 F{uF #F #FA{u { u u FF
\ b ~ bn {F t N . 77 j{F\ #u b N~ #F {F V hYFVu \t u #Fb
N.78 FhN h h\FjFF #F {FVhYFV YF{Ft N.79 #{FV
YF~YF hYh`b #u hu{bF FF #FYF FYF #F \wF {FVhYFV
~YF #FY{ N .
17.
\~L# VII-ii-3 SK 2267
#F \wF bwYt \w "tt Gt u{uQA]' ( VII-ii-1 SK 2297 ) bw~F

\wu #uYfh #FY N. "'uF #h`F~ A N. #F #F \wuF \wFt
A - , #u \~LuF #VFuF f (F@f )uF FuF, b~b tf
b~ ~F, Yfh F{ N. F. . Lf, Lf $
#F \wF FhAFF~ {FVhYFV {Ft N.80 FhAFF~uF , "tZQ#>'
#YF # {FV A. #u bN "#' #YF mT {FV A. #F F \wF
\~L\c> hYuF bL nh\h AA. Y bq {FVF bwYt\wF "L#'
#YF Fuu #uYfh F{ N. Lf , Lf bFu N h\h F{
N. bN "#'#YF mT {FVF bqf #V f hYAh mu N. #F
"# V uF N f> ' #YF #t F{ N. #> #YF #t A #VuF N f
X{F u{utf b~ ~ X{F~, u Yfh F{ N. F. . uLf $
Y T {FVhYFV ~YFF #FY F #F \wF \\c AF F N ?
#Y hNF\FF #Y \F`Fu ~YFF #F{ N #> \\c \~fuF \F{u
VqL ~YF F { N. {f Lf, f Lf bF h\ A N.
#F {F V hYFVu F{F~ Ft ~ u. {F V hYFV {Ft hYuF bL
218
F{F~ nh\h ~ N . F{F~u Shn# #u \~f f u F {Y`FuF bL

jLF Yf h u bq Y f h F{ N #u \ \ c Thb~ F Y F F F
#FYF u. #F #F \w F {F V hYFV N~ u.
18.
NNh {\`D]@cuuQtmDT_LA]
VIII-i-15 SK 2150
#F \w F "mt`' Y b NN AD u hubFu ~ YFF #F{

N. #F \wF bwYt\wFF "@{Lf'(VIII-i-11 SK 2146) #u "
NQ ' ( VII-i-1 SK 2139 )u #u Y f h #FY N . #F #F \w uF \w Ft A
- {\ (# F j), ` (Whu & u u Y ) , @ c (bf Q
#YFu), uuQ ({{ bFFuF &b{FV) #u tmDT_L (\F{t)
#F #F t F NN ADu hubFu F{ N . #> "tN tN ' #F WhF
t ` F~{YQ FY YF ] u f u F F b , m F F NN AD hubju
F{ N. #> tN ADu hXY {Ft bN bwYtbuF F@{uF m #u &~buF
F@{uF @{ {F N . Y #j{ bL #Ft Q \w huht n #F t h\YF{ mT
#F t F bL NN AD T Y F N . #F F hA F F ~ #F \w F {F V hYFV
{Ft N. 81 FhAFF~uF "NNf' #YF # {FV A. bN "{\`D] @ cuu Q DT_LA]' # Y F mT {F V A . #F {F V hYFVu
# N "NN { ~} N " , "`~NYFF (\ Fh) "NN' \u
~ N ' , # Y F N F N F #t F #> NN AD bq { F T {F N . #F \w F
huhtn #Ft h\YF{uF #FtF NN bu h\ ~YF F #F \wF {FVhYFV
#FY{ mu N . Y T {F V hYFV ~YFF #FY F \w F {\tu N
Vq L { N , hu~t mu N . b~ {Ft F hu~t mu u,
bq b Ft N . #YF F #F {F V hYFV NN AD \Yt h Y{F u F Fb
u, u Fbu F{ N . 82 F{F #F {F V hYFVu Ft T Y F u.
h\Fj F F ~ #F {F V hYFVu YF~ N . 83 #F {F V hYFVu Ft
F{F TYF u F{ b~ bq{FVmF{u F~L #F \wF {FVhYFV
~YF N~ N .
19.
` ] `Q VIII-ii-3 SK 439
&b{t_ \wF hYhY` bh~Whu F~L t hY`FuuF hu` ~YFF
219
#FY N. #F F "uMtf' (VIII-ii-1 SK 12) \wF tfu #uYfh

#bh N. \wF ~ "`Q' b "`' ADu \z hYW_ #Yu N.
#> hY{\z #n N. #F #F \wuF \wFt A - `m ~ YFF
#FYF, #FtQ ` #FAuF hY{F #YF ` #FA F, ]m #FtQ @{
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2. Dh tmT_LuGtGmutLYumuB`]uMDuBGoutE@L`QA] II-i-6 SK 652
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7. @~r> f > f IV-iii-11 SK 1381
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tNL tLLLutLLLLuJLu`# II-i-24 SK 686
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uQ&L{f IV-i-8 SK 457
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233
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12.
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234
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uBLQ VI-iii-53 SK 991
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o``~Qu# VI-iv-23 SK 2544
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235
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N NF bu FbVqL N #> { N {FVhYFV F { N YF j{F\F~uF
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15.
L @\Q&`QYQt~tr> VI-iv-120 SK 2260
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236
16.
YQ ]`f VII-i-59 SK 2542
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bq At u { N . 175
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17.
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24. `> M u m G ] @Q A] VI-iii-84 SK 1012
25. Z`h <` VI-iv-16 SK 2614
26. ```h ~Q # VI-iv-42 SK 2504
27. \~# VI-iv-49 SK 194
28. LjQ T Hc] A ] VI-iv-55 SK 2311
29. \f ~ <`H> f VI-iv-95 SK 3073
30. ~Q u Q & `# VI-iv-134 SK 234
31. Q & L VI-iv-171 SK 1158
32. c~] E Q VII-i-91 SK 2283
33. cQ { `Q G E f VII-ii-26 SK 3066
34. L] @ Q [ > f ~Q # VII-ii-35 SK 2184
35. ` ] ` Q VIII-ii-3 SK 439
36. Et{LQ c # t{LQ & `] E VIII-ii-4 SK 3657
37. ~h YQ & LQ VIII-ii-39 SK 84
11.
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39. uM u h # VI-iv-3 SK 857
40. LQ # o] ` o] # VIII-iv-40 SK 111
38.
b N~F~ ~ YF~ F 40 {F V hYFVF F M . II-iii-62 ,

III-i-46 , III-ii-4 , III-iii-15 , III-iv-2 , IV-iii-116 , V-iii-5 , VI-i-102 , #u
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~YFF #FY N. N M. I-i-30 , I-i-34 , II-i-4 , II-iii-71 , IV-iii-2 , V-i-96 ,
VI-i-91 , VI-i-109 , VI-ii-144 , VI-iv-16 , VI-iv-42 , VI-iv-49 , VI-iv-55 ,
VI-iv-134 , VII-i-91, VII-ii-26 , VII-ii-35 , VIII-ii-4, VIII-ii-39, VIII-iv-2, #u
VIII-iv-40 #YF #YA {FVhYFVFu Ft F{F~F_ {FVhYFV bq~LF
V N. F M . I-ii-50 , II-i-40 , II-iii-32 , III-iii-100, IV-i-94 , VI-iii-84 ,
VI-iv-95 , VI-iv-171 , #u VIII-ii-3 , #YF uY {FVhYFVF hY FhAFF~F_
{FVhYFV bq~LF Ft ~YFF #FY N. #F bN~F~ ~ YF~F
40 {F V hYFVF F 39 {F V hYFVF u Ft #VF&uF F X{F{u, b Nh #u
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Y #FbL hYV Ft ~A.
1.
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I-iii-46 SK 2719
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( I-iii-12 SK 2157 ) \w F `Q u f b #u " uQ # '
(I-iii-44 SK 2717 ) \wF "# ' bu #uYfh #F \wF #FY N. #F
#F \wuF \wFt F{ N - f bw Y t u F #u u < L bwYtuF `Fu, `
(&X [Fbw Y t ~L ~Y ) #t F u F { X{F~ #FXu b F{ N .
F. . YLh h `LQ $ YLh u < L`LQ $
Y `` #tF tu AXYhYYFF uF #F^{ , L] #
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(I-iii-45 SK 2718) \w #FXub A N. #F bN~F~ ~ #>
240
"``Q' #YF {FVhYFV ~ h\h ~ N.185 h\FjFF~ FhN

h bL #F \wF {FVhYFV YF~ \F`Fu {t N.186 u Shn#
" u<Lf ' #YF # {FV A. #F {FVF \wFt A - f bwYtuF #u
u<L bwYtuF `Fu #FXub A. bN "``Q' #YF mT {FV A.
#F {FVF \wFt A - `` #tF f bwYtuF #u u < L bwYtuF
`Fu #FXub A. {FVhYFVuF \F{t "@@'\w #FXubu
bqFWz mFh` A. #F L{h h `<L, L] # h `<L #YF bq{FVF
AA. #F L{h h`<LF #FXubuF huYF~L F #F \wF {FVhYFV
N~ N.
5.4.
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Au mF~ AuF {FVF mVFF L\uuF ~F{F {F

mF hYFu b~FY #F{F{ &b~ Y h \w F u NF | u FFYf h
uFu \~ NF hYFbwLt F N. 187 L huHuhAt 17 \w F F
{FVhYFVuF #F^{ , u Shn# #j{Fh\ #YF bq{FVFu bq{FVh\h
~ N.
L]@<uLf I-ii-4 SK 2234

2. Ff Q I # I-ii-50 SK 1703
3. <NL <LLLu<LLLLu JLu` # II-i-24 SK 686
4. u mQ ` II-i-37 SK 699
5. ] < ù] c JLu L Q # II-iii-43 SK 640
6. ] f ] `h f V-i-24 SK 1689
10. LQ ` f `~Q u o V-i-125 SK 1790
11. LQ & Yf V-iii-5 SK 1951
12. f u uM L f ~Q `# V-iv-75 SK 943
1.
241
<NAL ]f VI-iii-67 SK 2942

14. ` > M u m G ] @Q A] VI-iii-84 SK 1012
15. LQ LQ # VI-iv-140 SK 240
16. ` _Q # VII-iii-59 SK 2875
17. NNh {\`D]@cuuQ<mDT_LA] VIII-i-15 SK 2150
13.
FFYfhF~ b~FY F~F \Fh^ &b{t_ 17 , {FVhYFVFF

M. III-ii-4 #u V-iii-5 #YF m {FVhYFVFu Ft YFhtF~F_ {FVhYFV
bq ~LF V N . F M . V-i-24 #u VI-iv-140 # Y F m {F V hYFVF
hY u Ft F{ F ~F _ {F V hYFVbq ~LF V N . M . I-ii-50 , IIIiii-100 , IV-iv-78 , V-i-125 , V-iv-75 , VI-iii-84 #u VIII-i-15 # Y F \F
{F V hYFVF u Ft F hA F F ~F _ {F V hYFV bq ~LF ~YFF #FY N
#u M. II-i-24 #YF # {FVhYFVu Ft j{F\F~F_ {FVhYFV bq~LF
V N . #F m`F 12 {F V hYFVF u Ft b ~ F Y bw Y t { F
Y { F~LF F~F \Fh^ F Y F, b ~ F Y F~F YF~F{ F #YhA
bF {F V hYFVF u F { _ F{ _ Y hY #FbL A hYV Ft ~A .
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I-ii-4 SK 2234
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2443 ) \w #VFh`F~F bh[ N. #F \wF "<u<L' #u "L]@Q' bFu
#uYfh bwYt\w "`L<.' (VII-iii-87 SK 2503 )F #FY N. #F
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<uLf \FYt`F bqX{{ b~ ~ X{F~. F. . `< $ L<L $ L]Lf &F~LF
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F r > f A u> .
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Fbu YF, {Fu \ F~ F^{LFuF^{L m`N h\h A N
#u m<Hr>Hr> YV~F <~QY YF NF < u #F #F \wF {FVhYFV
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bwYt\wFF #FY ~ N. #F #F \wuF \wFt F{ N - bH{juF \mj
m AD \t \F hYb \F\ F{ N #u Lu]A \ mu N. \wF
m ADu N VqL { N, mL WiN N. #F
FFYfhF~ #F \wF {FVhYFVuF #F^{ #F &F~LFu h\h AFtY
N.195 u Shn# "u ' #YF # {FV A. bN " mQ ` ' #YF mT
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243
ADF \F bH{j \mjuF \F\ F {FVhYFV ~YF N~ N.

3.
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#F \w A[u #bYF \w N. #F \wuF \wFt F{ N - \XF~

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u<L YV~ &F~LFF u<L \F \z h\YF{u <NL hYW_uF bq{FV
{ F T Y F N . #F #> YFht F ~ F X{F{u " u <<m#' # Y
YFht #Fz{ N.197 F{F~ #F YFhtu \tu {t N.198 h\FjFF~
FhN h bL #F YFht YF~ \F`Fu {t N. 199
b~ FFYfhF~ b~FY #F \wF {FVhYFVuF #F^{ ,
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[ #u \z u. @Q Ah u ] ] @ # F f{F #u \z u.
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bqYu{ \FuF {FVF " ~cQ h m M L `.' ( I-iv-90 SK 552 ) \w
m hYW_u hY`Fu { N. #F YFht #u \w F~F F{t huYFt A
N #F \wF {FVhYFV ~YF N~ u.
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<NAL ]f VI-iii-67 SK 2942
#F \wF "~]]E{uQ'(VI-iii-1 SK 958 ) \wF "E{uQ ' bu

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F #{{hju #Nj ADF u <L (N u F f FLf N # Y ) &~b
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b~ L]h@{#, h@{#, h@{# &F~LFF ] F YFhtF~
244
"L] @{ uh`f' #Y YFht #Fz{ N.202 N Q`]mD

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T`#F "~Q@uGc#'u h\h F "~Q@ uGcQ' #Y YFht #Fz{ N.204
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#Fz{ N.205 <L<h~# &F~L F "<~<~Q ' #Y YFht #Fz{ N.206
#u "Hch@{cf , mh@{cf' #YF bF F " HcmQ# @{cQ' #Y YFht
#Fz{ N.207
Y m`F N Y{F~LF# <L<*~# bu h\h F "<~<~Q ' YFhtu
YF{t N. b~ FFYfhF~ b~FY "<N A .' \wF " ]f ' #YF
{FVhYFVuF #F^{ <L<* ~# b h\ ~ N. 208 N #F {FVhYFV
F~F u{# , # bF bL h\ ~ N. Y #F \w &b~ LF YFhtFu
YF~YFF VF~Y bL N. u{#, # YV~ bF F YFhtF~ F
YFht bL #Fz{ u. #F #F bFu h\h F #F \wF {FVhYFV
N~ N.
5.
` _Q# VII-iii-59 SK 2875
#F \w #VFh`F~F bh[ N. #F \wF "Q # @] <ILQ #' ( VIIiii-52 SK 2863 ) # Y F bw Y t \w F " Q # @] 'u #u Y f h #FY N . #F
#F \wuF \wFt F{ N - @ #FhYFF ( _<) `F#FuF @{ #u
@{uF FuF @] (YVt) #FA F u. F. . @M# (Vf ) $ @MZf
(ILf ) $
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#F FFYfhF~ b~FY "` _Q # ' \wF " `' #YF {FVhYFVuF
#F^{ \F`Fu {t N. 210
Y {Q# AD F {Q cf `f hYVq F Vf bqX{{ F
"Q# @].' \wF "<`H><`r>#' u bwht ~F, f `Fu _<`H> F
245
Fr>f hY`Fu @] u. #F FFYfhF~ b~FYuF " ` _Q#'

\wF {FVhYFV ~YF @] u, YF {F{ u. "QE{h ]``h
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N. YFhtF~ ~F bqX{F{Fu h\h FYF #F \wF {FVhYFV
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bqh{FFF~F_ {FVhYFV
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uFuF bqh\ bqh{FVqu ~uF ~. 211 FhN h uF Fbqh\
bqh{FVq h\FjFu ~uF ~ Y bqh{FF Vqu #FAt ~
~F{F. #F Vq, h\FjF Vq bwYt {F~LAFuF bqh\ bqh{FVq
VLFF F. bqh{FFF~ #FF{t ~FaFF{t uF VqF huHuhAt
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h\h AFtY N.
JL YI# II-i-40 SK 717

2. ] < u # III-ii-4 SK 2916
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1.
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{FVhYFV bq~LF N #u M. II-i-40 , III-iii-100 #u V-i-125 # Y F
L {FVhYFVFu Ft FhAFF~F_ {FVhYFVF V N #F m`F
N {FVhYFV YF~YF #FY{ N.
5.5.2.
h\FjFF~F_ {FVhYFV
Au \F \uF #F F~F{ A mqFLF { F

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246
F|u #FN bL \Vq hYYF bFhLu{ {F~LuF #{{u - #{FbuF

D`bqh[ N. Fh N h, h\FjF
F huHuhAt 27 \wFF {FVhYFVuF
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7. L] L <~<\L] {<L # II-i-36 SK 698
8. <mA ] c Q & Tf II-iii-25 SK 602
9. ù <NL II-iii-31 SK 610
10. @G `h @L t { II-iii-71 SK 629
11. T~A <~`Q III-i-46 SK 2514
12. ] Q \] ~ f III-iii-113 SK 2841
15. ut{AQ I# IV-iv-101 SK 1653
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19. <Y~ |> # V-iii-102 SK 2057
20. u uM ~Q `# V-iv-75 SK 943
21. \L# `<@{cLQ # VI-iii-46 SK 807
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1.
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LQ LQ# VI-iv-140 SK 240

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III-iii-113 SK 2841
#F \w "LQ#' (III-i-91 SK 2829) #h`F~ #Vt bh[ N. "u#'

249
(III-i-1 SK 160 ), " u{o ' (III-i-2 SK 181) YV~u #Fh`Fh~ #uYfh
#F \wF #FY ~ N. #F #F \wuF \wFt F{ N - `Fu @G \
bqX{{F F ] r > f bqX{{ m ~u F{ N. "LQ { Q @G . ' ( III-iv-70 SK
2833 ) \w @G \ bq X {{F m #u @ F N F{ N . b~ #F \w
mT LF #FtF #F bqX{{F F{ N, Y hY`Fu ~YFF #FY N. N
M. "@{c<@{cQo' (III-iii-117 SK 3293) ]r>f bqX{{ @{c, <@{c
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5. . m. Vol. I , M . I-ii-50 , P. 60 .
6. #Nu, uu#, M. I-ii-50, P. 60, Ff\cQ <L Q<mQ ~LQ $ Q<ct{<L
L] Q ~QuQ` <<L $ N N#F uF &b~ BQL#, QQ<L $ F<Q@Q
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8. @<Y@, Vol. I , M . V-iv-104 , P. 402 , ] { Hr^ > Q A ] , ] { Hr^ > # $
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15. # Nu, Vol. V, M . VI-ii-13 , #, P. 17 , <c F<L $ Q A ] Q
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(II-i-4) F<L F<L m# $ N AH>Lu]AQ&f $
19. @<Y@, Vol. II, M . II-iii-31 , , P. 189 , A> f uHLQ - <cQ ` $
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22. m. G. (Tara Publications, Varanasi Ed. ), M. II-iii-31, P. 80, AH>fuQ@Q $ <cQ` # $
23. <. @ . Vol. I , ( , Ed. ) M . II-iii-31 SK 610 , P. 777 , "ù'
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253
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25. @<Y@, Vol. II, M. II-iii-32, P. 190, "uGT```<m#' F<L Q<mQ
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26. #Nu, L{h\ch L<\ <@f ? ]f $ L <@* ]LQ ?
FuQ f "u \ c<\`] L L Q ' F] LQ $ Q <m# @L D
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29. . m. Vol. II , M . III-iii-100 , P. 221 .
30. # Nu, P. 221 , @G # Y Q < L `h @L D f $ <@* u Q `f ? T_L`<u
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31. @<Y@, Vol. III, M. III -iii-100, P. 76, Q<mQ& @LD#, T_L`<u
Lf $ <@ $ @G $ @G<L# $
32. # Nu, #, P. 76 , Q <mQ & @L D F<L $ @G # _<<L m<L,
LL# Yo, uJLQ<L, LQ` <c }u<c <TL $ N N#F #F
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33. <. @ . (Q { @G Hc, ] h F , Ed. ) M . III-iii-100 SK 5078 ,
P. 654 , @G F<L Q <m# $ @G # _uf Lf $ @G $ Y $ Lf
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34. . m. Vol. II, M . III-iii-100, P. 221 , `<<L $ FQ u<L
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35. @<Y@, Vol. III, M. IV-i-94, P. 432, ]u#, Th QuQ`<m` ` uJ`Q<L Qh ]h <LLf ? Lf Q<m#
254
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36. #Nu, #, P. 432 - 33, LQ` ]h m<L, ` Qh, LLo Qh
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N #F \w &b~ u. h. P. 432, T<<L Q<mQ` uZu<LAQQc
Q<L m# $
37. <. @ . . . ( , Ed. ) Vol. II , M . IV-i-94 SK 1094 ,
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38. @<Y@, Vol. III, M . IV-iv-78 , P. 776 , "#' F<L Q <m# @L D #
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39. Y@ L] m #, Vol. III, ( , Ed. ), M . IV-iv-77 , P. 220 , F<L
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40. m. G . ( Tara Pub. Ed.), M . IV-iv-78 , P. 257, Q <m] E {] { c<c]{c QQ@Q $
41. @<Y@, Vol. III, M . IV-iv-101 , P. 790 , cu Q & JQ H LQ $ L
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42. <. @. (, Ed.) Vol. II, P. 835 , uA# F<L u>L{f $ uA# $
43. m. G . ( Tara Pub. Ed. ), M . IV-iv-10 , P. 259 , "IQ & uHLQ ' F<L
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44. <. @ . ( , Ed. ) Vol. II , M . IV-iv-101 , P. 835 , "ut{A#'
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45. . m. Vol. II, M. "L ut{cf' V-i-57, P. 512 "h# hhVM`QA]' V - i - 58 $
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48. @<Y@, Vol. II, (, Ed.) M. V-i-57 SK 1723, V-i-58 SK 1724.
49. #Nu, Vol. IV, M. VII-iii-17, P. 23, u~Q<\<L@f $ u@~<u@f $
u ~Q<\# ut{c, u @~u<` ut{cQ<L <G "L
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50. #Nu, u. h., P. 23, uM] G<EA] L ut{ch h# h FQ@QQ`
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51. # Nu, Vol. IV, M . V-i-125 , P. 115 , "`Q L Lf ' F<L @Q <f Q <mh
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52. m. G . ( Tara Pub. Ed. ) M . V-i-125 , P. 280 , Q <mLf H<<L
<# $
53. u . @ . ( K. P. Trivedi , B. S. & P. Series , Vol. LXXVIII) Vol. I ,
M. V-i-25 , P. 861.
54. <. @ . ( , Ed. ), Vol. II , M . V-i-125 SK 1790 , P. 924 ,
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55. <. @ . . ., M . V-i-125 SK 1790 , P. 924 , ( , Ed. ),
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56. @<Y@, u. h., Vol. IV, M. V-i-125, P. 115, mQ&`]_L u> T L, L Q <m#
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58. <. @ . ( , Ed. ) Vol. II, M . V-i-102 SK 2057 , P. 1073,
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$ Y~Q<<L $ <tG<# Th uf b~f $ |># F<L - <NLQ
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60. @<Y@, Vol. IV , M . V-iv-75 , P. 384 .
61. # Nu, P. 385 .
62. # Nu, P. 385 , LQ L f t \ "f ' F<L Q <mh @G TL $
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65. <. @ . ( , Ed. ) Vol. II M . V-iv-75 SK 943 , P. 351 , f
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67. @<Y@, Vol. V, M . VI-iii-84 , P. 284 , "`' F<L Q <m FHr> u<# <@LQ $ LQ` u#, f, L# FQ# < m<L $
68. # Nu, M . VI-iii-84 , u. h . , P. 284 - 85 , `Q < L Q <m F<L $
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71. @<Y@, Vol. V, M. VI-iv-12, P. 346, Q<m# <@LQ - "F\uMAcf'
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72. # Nu, P. 346 - 47 .
73. # Nu, Vol. V, M . VI-iv-95 , P. 448 , \~# F<L Q <m# <@ LQ ,
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u FQ-uQ L<c cTHr>~QuQ ` m<L $
76. . m. Vol. II , M . VI-iv-171 , P. 975 - 76 .
77. # Nu, P. 975 - 76 .
78. @<Y@, Vol. V, M. VI-iv-171, #, P. 517, XX Lu<@{Q&Q $ "L ' F<L uZu<LAQQ&f $ L LQ{uQ`
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80. @<Y@, Vol. V , M . VII-ii-3 , P. 655 - 56 , Q <mQ <L
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81. # Nu, Vol. VI, M . VIII-i-15 , P. 258 , ` - 81 , N #F \w &b~ #, P. 257 NN<
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83. <. @ . (Q , Ed. ) Vol. II, M . VIII-i-15 SK 2150 , P. 1138 ,
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85. # Nu, #F \w &b~ #, P. 355 , LLf M h `L<L u` f $
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86. u. . (DmL, Ed.) P. 663, "` ] `Q' $ X X QQf
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87. @<Y@, Vol. VI, M . VIII-iii-107 ( 109 ), P. 593 , @Q <Lf "\Q # ' F<L
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89. # Nu, M . VIII-iii-107 ( 109 ) &b~ #, P. 594 , Q L] Q <mh `
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90. <. @ . (Q { @G Hc, ] h F , Ed. ) M . VIII-iii-109 SK 5511 ,
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91. @<Y@, Vol. VI , M . VIII-iii-107 ( 109 ), P. 594 , @{Q & `] _ L]# $ LQ` ULA\<<L <f $
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95. # Nu, P. 534 - 35 , V L f u{Q o> @ {LT`f u M L V
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96. #Nu, u. h. , P. 535, <~f - "Y>', "<mA Q`]{>.'
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97. <. @. (Q{ @GHc, ]hF, Ed. ) M. VI-i-75 SK 222 , P. 39,
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98. G . Y. YQ . Vol. I, P. 286 , L FL u@f D`f AH> f Q
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99. . m. Vol. II , M . IV-iii-59 , P. 454 .
100. @<Y@, Vol. III , M . IV-iii-59 , #, P. 655 , h L<\ "Df '
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101. <. @ . (Q , Ed. ) Vol. II , M . IV-iii-59 SK 1436 , P. 725 ,
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102. # Nu, M . II-i-6 SK 652 , P. 9 , "Df ' F<L Q Q <mZLQ $ Dh
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103. G . Y. YQ . Vol. II , P. 961 .
104. @tY@, Vol. III , M . IV-i-33 , P. 323 , #, ` m
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105. # Nu, P. 323 , <NLQ < L Q <mLf LG `LQ ` <NL# $
106. m. G. (Tara Pub. Ed.), M. II-i-24, P. 59, "<NL' F<L Q<mf
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108. # Nu, mHf , P. 303 , <<L \ cLf <LQ # $ <L \ ch
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109. @<Y@, Vol. III, M. IV-i-6, P. 279 , "LQ<L# u<LAQQ _LD#' $
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110. <. @. (, Ed.) Vol. II, M. IV-i-6 SK 455, P. 580, "<f'
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113. . m. Vol. II, M . IV-i-13 , P. 306, mh Q h [> Lf $
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114. #Nu, M. IV-i-13, P. 307, [>uf-u<LAQh ]_LQ <u L<<L $ {<` \]\Quh`h Q<Lh L` _LDh m<L $
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116. @<Y@, Vol. III, M. IV-i-13, P. 287 - 88, L{h\ch <@f ?
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120. . m. u u# $ N #F uF > ` - 115 .
121. . m. Vol. II, M . III-iii-21, P. 216 .
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127. @<Y@, Vol. V , M . VI-iv-144 , P. 492 .
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129. N #F uF > ` - 128 .
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131. @<Y@, Vol. IV, M. V-ii-81 , P. 192, E{M<\ h\cu@GHLQ $
LQ`h u@{<`# Q ~LQ $
132. # Nu, M . V-ii-81 , P. 193 , ` A Q A #, mQ { Q A mM L f $
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134. . m. Vol. I , M . I-i-56 , P. 299 .
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137. # Nu, M . VII-iii-105 , u. h . , P. 115 .
138. m. G. (Tara Pub. Ed.), M. VII-iii-105, P. 461, f\cQ` V\c<<L
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139. <. @ . u . `Q . (DmL, , Ed. ) P. 532 - 533 ,
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142. # Nu, P. 728 .
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157. . m. Vol. II , M . VI-iii-53 , P. 871 .
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159. @<Y@, Vol. V, M . VI-iii-53 , P. 254 , N N #F <. @ . Vol. II,
(, Ed.) M . VI-iii-53 SK 991 , P. 394.
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170. @<Y@, Vol. V, M . VI-iv-120 , P. 472 , mQ { Q h _LDf $ N
N #F <. @. , (Q{ @GHc, ] h F , Ed. ) 3354 , P. 472,
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171. @<Y@, Vol. V, M . VI-iv-120 , #, P. 472 , "L @\Q' F "L#' F<L Q<m# @LD#, LQ` <HLQ L
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175. N #F uF > ` - 174 .
176. @<Y@, Vol. V, M . VIII-i-59, #, P. 598 , LQ h u < Lu`f 266
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177. @<Y@, Vol. V, M. VIII-i-59, P. 597, "YQ LGb`]uh`h @LDf' $
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N N#F <. @. (Q{ @GHc, ]hF, Ed.) . 3362, P. 475,
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180. @<Y@, Vol. VI, M. VIII-i-27, P. 275, @]`mI\ch u><YQAch
Hr>Df $ LQ`<u Q<\cQ` @]`mIQ{Q @ m<L $
181. # Nu, #, P. 276 , h LQ - Q <m# @L D #, <L# u{<c
Q`]E<` mTL, LL# "@]`mIQ#', Q`Q $ `
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182. . m. Vol. III, M. VIII-i-27, uu#, P. 327, uLQ F<L u># $ h<`QY<YQAQ m LQ $ LQ{QQQ<DuQYh u<LuBLQ `Q# $ h Q Q<mQ` ~LQ $ "<LQ Q`'Q@Q QQ&`]E<# "@]`mIQ#' F<L <NLQ "Q`' &`]G ut{mA#
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183. <. @ . (Q { @G Hc, ] h F , Ed. ) M . VIII-i-27 SK 5910 ,
P. 737 - 38, @]`mI\ch u><YQAcf $ LQ`<u Q<\cQ
@]`Q @ Qf $
184. Encyclopedia of Indian philosophies , Vol. V, The philosophy of
267
Grammarians , Motilal Banarsidas Delhi Ed. , P. 477 .
@<Y@, Vol. I, M . I-iii-46 , u. h ., P. 446 , "``Q' F L]

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186. <. @. (Q{ @GHc, ]hF, Ed.) M. I-iii-46 SK 3640, ``
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187. K. V. Abhyankar , D. S. G. , P. 236 .
188. .m. Vol. II , M . III-i-83 , P. 102 .
189. @<Y@, Vol. I , M . I-ii-4 , P. 267 , L] @ h <uLf Lf <f f
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190. #Nu, #, P. 267, u. h. 267 N N#F <. @. (Q{ @GHc,
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191. m. G . ( Tara Pub. Ed. ), M . I-ii-4 , P. 16 , F\ uM "<uLf ' F<L Q h
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193. @<Y@, Vol. I , M . I-iii-4 , u. h . , P. 267 - 68 .
194. <. @ . ( , Ed. ) Vol. II , M . III-i-37 SK 699 , P. 61 ,
1275 , mmLm<Lm<mt{<L f $
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185.
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199. <. @ . ( , Ed. ) Vol. I, M . II-iii-43 SK 640 , P. 804 , .
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200. m. G . ( Tara Pub. Ed. ) M . II-iii-43 , P. 81 - 82 , F\ "u L Q # ' F<L
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202. . m. Vol. II , M . VI-iii-70 , P. 877 .
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204. # Nu, . 4 , P. 877 .
205. # Nu, . 5 , P. 877 .
206. # Nu, . 6 , P. 877 .
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208. m. G . (Tara Pub. Ed.) M . VI-iii-70 , P. 381, h <L<<~ - u{
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210. m. G. (Tara Pub. Ed.), M. VII - iii - 59, P. 455, "`' F<L Q<m`Q\{Q# $ YQf $
211. K. V. Abhyankar, D.S.G. , P. 299 .
212. Encyclopedia of Indian the philosophies, The philosophy of Grammarians
Vol. V , Motilal Banarasidass , Delhi Ed. , P. 241 .
213. @<Y@, Vol. I , M . I-iii-82 , P. 485 , \<L<u @Q <`] L TL
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221. <. @ . (Q { @G Hc, ] h F , Ed. ), M . III-iii-13 , P. 555 ,
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71
72
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74
75
76
77
78
79
80
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81.1
81.2
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81.5
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91-94
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III-ii-1-122
123-188
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117-125
126-130
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85.2.5
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85.2.10
85.2.11
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90.8
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91.1
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91.5
92
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98.14
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98.15
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34-36
37-45
46-68
69-128
129
130
131-133
134-156
157-162
163-175
bF i
VII-i-1-57
58-83
84-89
90-92
93-94
95-97
98-103
bF ii
VII-ii-1-7
8-34
35-78
79-83
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98.18
98.19
98.20
98.21
98.22
98.23
98.24
98.25
98.26
98.27
98.28
98.29
99
100
101
102
103
104
104.1
104.2
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104.4
104.5
104.6
104.7
104.8
104.9
104.10
104.11
104.12
104.13
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104.15
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82-108
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13-14
15-33
34-54
55-119
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40-45
46-52
53-57
58-62
63-68
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The Topicwise analytical Study of Panini's
Astadhyayi
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286
bh~hAn - 3
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IV-i-138
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] (III-i-134)
~f
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@
@GLf I]f (III-iii-111 ) cf, f
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`f
]`f (III-i-149)
H] ` f (III-iii-145) Af, `f
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f
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`f
]`f (IV-ii-61)
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f
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`f
V`f (IV-ii-26)
Vf (V-i-106 )
f
F LtL >cf (IV-i-132 )
cf
>f (IV-ii-115) f
F@ LtL >@f (IV-i-143 )
@f
>f (IV-ii-80)
f
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f
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`f
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uf
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287
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@f
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t|> ` ] @ f (IV-iii-109) F, `], @f
` LtL bf (IV-i-98) f, f
b@f (IV-i-99)
@f
bf (IV-i-110 )
f
Hb (IV-i-17)
Af
Hb@f (IV-ii-99) Af, @f
tb (IV-i-149 )
F
tbf (IV-i-150 ) F, f
tb`f (IV-i-160 ) F, `f
u u ~]@f (I-i-61)
@f
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Yf
(Zero-allomorph)
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uf
u u T_ (III-ii-134 )
~Qu t_`f (III-ii-58)
(Zero-allomorph) t_uf ( VI-iv-15 )
uf (IV-i-74)
r>uf (IV-i-4 )
[>uf (IV-i-13)
F
`f (IV-i-73)
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Af (IV-i-25)
288
@f
@f , `f
@f , uf
f, uf
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, r>f
~G r > f (III-ii-112 ) U, r> f
~Q r > f (III-iv-94) , r>f
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~f (IV-i-71) , f
t~f (III-iv-105 ) F, f
, f
~]f (III-i-43)
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289
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2
3
4
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290
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3
5
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19
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29
37
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42
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305
bh~hAn - 4 ( )
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1
2
3
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8
9
10
11
12
13
14
F~ \w - #Fh
FLf
bq X {FF~

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Q /
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f () / mf ()
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f () / f () /
f () / [>f () / ()
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3
1
4
1
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f f / f / f
f f
Af Af / mAf
Yf Yf / \Yf / Yf / Yf /
Yf / Yf
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VYXbFhLhubq{_ bqX{FF~F
291
2
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w VqjF ({F~L)
uF>` #F VqFu\Fh~L Vqj\wh \f wF~ bqFL #FbYFF #FY N.
#u .
Vqu uF
/ \ b F
.. . .
.
bqFA #u
bqFAu Yt
1 Astakam Paniniyam
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320

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Saurashtra University

Re Accredited Grade B by NAAC

Pathak, Dhanvantarikumar K., 2009,

, thesis PhD, Saurashtra University

Saurashtra University Theses Service

- Fhum` bFhLu{ {F~LF {FVhYFV

`jYjh~F~ hAF~ja bF[

hbq. |F. uF b. Fh|{F

\F~Fn {huYh\t, ~FNF-360 005

- \FVuF #F \FVbwYt T~ ~ N bq Fhum` b ~w N

`qF (hN. TuV~)

`qF (hN. TuV~)

- bqFLb #F bqFhL ~YFF #FY N ^ `jYjh~F~ h. bF[

hbq. |F. uF b. Fh|{F

F~ FVFuF #o{F\ ~YFuF bq\V {F.

{_ ~F VF~Y #u #Fu #uY N #u N - h L] Qt

F#F (2), h>hQ #h} (3 ), bFhLhu # VF

bq~L - 2 #nF{F{ #u bFhLu{ {F~L \bqF{

#nF{F{ \wmVq (22), #nF{F{u \w \{F (22),

bq~L - 3 #nF{F{u hYAF#F #u u Fh bq{W _#F

#h\uF hu{ (64), hYFV~L (66), bFuF`> (69).

bq~L - 4 {FVhYFV uF #t #u hYFYuF

{FVADuF #t ( 75 ), {FVhYFVu bq{W_ ( 76 ),

bq~L - 5 bFhLu{ {F~LF {FVhYFV

5.1. YFhtF~F_ {FVhYFV (83), bFuF>` ( 115 )

F{F~F_ {FV hYFV

5.2. F{F~F_ {FVhYFV (134), bFuF>` (181 )

FhAFF~F_ {FV hYFV

5.3. F hA F F ~F _ {F V hYFV (205 ), j{F\ F ~F _

(246 ), bF uF>` ( 252 ).

#nF{F{uF \w bqF~u AFtY Fn

#nF{F{uF bFhLhuhubqF_ bq~LF

\FFj{ \F#Fu AFtY Fn

, , V, #u bqX{FF~FuF AFtYF FnF

uFuF Vq # bF, #u bNuF #Vq # \wF AFtY N #u bN

bFhLu{ {F~LF {FVhYFV

YOGAVIBHAGA (Device) IN PANINIAN

`jYjh~ F~ hAF ~ ja bF[

VLFsu G \ @ wF bAF FFF F #u #FN #F

Nm bFhLhu #u FX{F{u hAF hYFb[F #FF{t Yt bF\ LF

F hYFuFuF {Fh| bFhLhuuF F (FF) F F. {Fh|#

F hY AD bq{FN N b~ bqbF~ { #u bqbFFF~ uFVA #>

utct` # # VF uF N. #F uFu {Xbh utc` #YF uF

bFhLhuuF huh \{ #V hYFuFF # u. VF|w~, #F~.

bFhLhu huhYtYFbL bhF~ F~YtuF huYF\ F. bFhLhuu Y~L]{

AF~ \f uV~ . bFhLhu bF \w. IV-iii-94F AF~uF & ~

FF u{u \YFt h\h N. hYF~FuF #FFu-bqFu F,

{F~L AD t++@G `Fu @{c #tF ]r>f (`) bqX{{ FVu

intended to be a linguistic analysis : it undoes words and undoes sentences

{F~Lu &Xbh #u hYF\

{F~Lu &Xbh bwYt FFu &Xbh, #u uF \{YW Ybu

t@h `Lf ? t@h `f ? @ tm_L# ? @# u# ? @# {#,

~uF ~YFF #FY N YF & #FF{t {FuF hu~_F bL {F N. 29

{F~LAFu b~b~F YF bNuF &~YFF \hYh\

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