1

D]-\n-j-p-I

kam-l-cn-Xv
hn. _me-Ir-jvW

&

tUm. B. eoem-tZhn
Fw.-F. (a-e.), Fw.-F. (kw-kvIr-Xw)
]n. Fv. Un. (Cw-o-jv)

108 UPANISHATHUKAL
(Malayalam)

Compiled by: V. Balakrishnan and Dr. R. Leeladevi

108 UPANISHATHUKAL by V Balakrishnan and R Leeladevi is licensed under

a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

D]-\n-j-p-I

D]-\n-j
- p-I thZ--fpsS Ah-km-\a
- mWv AXpsImv thZm--kw \In-bn-cn-p-p. D]-\n-j-pI AkvXn-hm-c-am-Wv. `mc-X
- n ]no-Sp-mb XXzim-kv{X-fpw aX-fpw AXns\ B{i-bnp \np-p.
D]-\n-j
- p-If
- nse Imhy-{]-Xn-`bvpw Db BZipw thZ-kq---fnepw I-kw-ln-X-I-fnepw XXzhn-Nm-c-t-m A[n-I-ambn aX-s-
- nbpw Im-\pjvTm-\--sf--n-bp-amWv {]Xn-]m-Zn-np--Xv. D]-\n-j-pI-fn-e m-Is kwln-X -I -fnse ]pcm-W -I -Y -I -s f-m-fpw,
{_m-W--fnse AXn-kq-a
v
- -fmb X-hn-X-sf-m-fpw, Bc-Wy-I--fn {]Xn-]m-Zn tZhXm imkv{Xt-mfpw Db hnNm-c
- ImWmw. D]-\n-j-p-IfpsS eyw {][m-\-ambn Pnm-kp--fmb a\p-jym-mv imnbpw kzX{yhpw \Ip-Ib
- m-Wv. B[ymnI {]iv\-p ]co--Wm--Ia
- mb ]cn-lmcw
tNmtZym--c-cq-]
- nepw hmZ-{]-Xn-]m-Za
- mbpw \In-bn-cnp-p. Ah ]c-ak
- -Xy-ns icn-bmb kz`mhw {Klnbvm thn am\h a\-n-\p-m-Ip hy{K-X-tb-bpwAXp t\Smthn sNp ITn\ ]cn-{i-a-tbpw {]IS-am-p-p. D]-\n-j
- p-I {Ia-_-a
- mb Hcp XXz-imkv{X-ns cq]-n-ep--h-b; Ah-sbmw Hscm {KIm-cs IrXn-I-f
- . Ah-bpsS \nm-WI
- m-ehpw H-.

{]mNo-\--fm-W.v AtX kabw tIt\m-]-\n-j-nse 113

a{-fpw _rl-Zm-cW
- yI-nse 8 apX 21 hsc a{fpw D]-\n-j
- p-I Otm-_--ambn amdp kw{I-aW- Im- e-p-m-b- h-bm-Wv. Ah ]noSp tN-Xm-sWp
tXmpw. ItTm-]-\n-jv ]no-Sp-m-b-XmWv. AXn
kmwJy-X-Xz- fpw tbmKknm- -fpw \app ImWm
Ign-bpw. AXn ap-]\
- n-j-p-If
- n\npw `K-hZ- vKo-Xbn\npw [mcmfw Dc-W--fp-v. {]tXyI am-fns] D]-\n-j-p-Iv app D]-\n-j-p-I-fn
amqIyw Ghpw \ho-\a
- m-Wv. AY-th-Zo-b--fmb
D]-\n-j-p-Ifpw ]no-Sp-m-b-h-bm-Wv. ssa{Xm-bWn D]\n-j -n kmwJy-Zi-\-n-tebpw tbmK-Zi-\ -ntebpw XXz- ImWmw. hnhn-[--fmb Zmi-\n-I-knm-- Xgp hfp-h-cp Ime-mWv tiXm-iztcm-]\n-jns cN-\. k\m-X\ Zmi-\n-I-{K---fpsS
]mcn-`m-jn-I -i-_vZ- Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-p. F-Xn\p
kmyw hln-p [mcmfw k`- CXn ImWmw.
Ah-bnse {]m[m-\k
- n-m--tfbpw CXn hni-Zo-Ic
- nn-p-v. BkvXn-Iy-ho--W
- n-eqsS thZm-w, kmwJyw,
tbmKw Cu aqp Zi-\
- -fp-tSbpw ka-\zbw km[nemWv Cu D]-\n-j
- n-s Bi-b-sap tXmpw. BZyIm-es KZym-- I-amb D]-\n-j-p-I- fn IqSp-X hnip-I]-\I
- -fm-Wp--X.v ]nm-es D]-\n-j-p-I-fnD]-\n-j-p-I-fpsS kwJybpw cN-\m-Im-ehpw
em-Is aX-]-c-amb ]qPm-\p-jvTm-\-fpw `n-`m-h-\bpw
D]-\n-j
- p-If
- n s]mXp-hn 108 BsWp IW- Dsm- n-n-cnp-p. D]-\n-j-p- I-fnse Zmi-\n-I-Xm-n-h-cp-p. Ah-bn im-c-`m-jy-ap ]s--amWv Xz-sf {]Xn-]m- Znm _u-Im- e- n\p tij- ap D]apJyw. Ch Ghpw {]mam-Wn-I-fpw ]pcm-X\
-
- -fp-am- \n-j-p-I-tfbpw kzoI-cn-mw. \psS Dtiyw km[nWv. Ah-bpsS \nm-W-Im-ea
- n-s
- Xp IrXy-ambn ]d- m-s\-Sp-p D]-\n-j
- p-I OmtmKyw, _rl-Zm-cbm \app Ign-bn-. Ah-bn Ghpw ]g-a
- p-Xp WyIw, ssX-ncobw, sFX-tcbw, Iujo-X-In, tI\w
_u-Im-e-n\pw app-m-b-XmWv; NneXv _p-\p-ti- Fn-h-bm-Wv. Cutim-]-\n-jpw amq-Iyhpw AXn\p
jhpw Ah cNn-Xv thZ-kq---fpsS \nmWw kam- tijta hcp-pp.
]n-X
- n-\p-ti-jhpw _p-aX-ns Bhn`m-h-n\p
D]-\n-j-p-I c-Nn alm-m-cmb Nn-I
- m-cpsS
app CS-m-ev AXm-bXv {In. ap. Bdmw \qmamn- Ncn{Xw AXm-Xv B-fp-I-fpsS {][m-\-amb kw`m-h-\I
- sf
ep-am-sWp hcmw. BZn-tam-]-\n-j
- p-I-fpsS \nm-W- hn-p-sIm-s-gp-Xp ]w I]nX\m-a--sfm-gnImew {In. ap. 1000--amp apX _n. kn. 300--am-p-h-sc- m, alo-Zm-k, sFX-tc-b, sscIz, imWvUn-ey,
bm-s Wv IW-m--s-n-cnp-p. im-c-`mjyap kXy-Im-aPm-_m-e, ssPh-en, Dm-e-I, tizX tIXp,
]pXnb D]-\n-j
- p-I _p\p tijw cNn-h
- b
- m-Wv. `c-Zzm-P, KmKym-b-W, {]X-\, _mem-In, APmX
Ah-bpsS Imew {In. ap. kpam \m\qtdm aqtdm BWv. i{Xp, hcp-W, bm-hIy, Kmn, ssat{Xbn
{]mNo-\--fmb D]-\n-j-p-I KZy-n-em-W.v Chbvv Fo t]cp-I ap]-n-bn hcpw.
{]tXyI am-tfm k{-Zm-b-tfm C. sFX-tc-bw,
Iujo-XI
- n, ssXncobw, Omtm-Kyw, _rl-Zm-c-WyIw D]-\ n-j-p-I-fn N
D]-\n- j-p-I-fnse apJy- {]- Xn- ]mZyw Zi-\-im-kv{X-nChbvp ]pdta "tI\' D]-\n-j-nse Ip-dp `mK-fpw

I s ASn-m-\-{]iv\w Xs-bmWv; kXyw GXm-sW

At\z-jWw Xs. hkvXp--tfmSpw Ah-bpsS KuWIm-c-W
- -tfm-Sp-ap AXr]vXn Nne tNmZy--fp--bn-pp. tizXm-iz-X-tcm-]\
- n-j-ns Bcw-`-n \mw Ah
ImWp-p-v. ""\mw Fhn-sS-\n-p-m-bn. \mw FhnsS Pohnp-p. \mw FhnsS t]mIp-p. Atbm {_-th-Zn-Itf
BcpsS imk-\-nIo- gn \man-hnsS kpJ-Zpx-J-- fpsS
_-nsp Ign-bp-p. Imetam {]Ir-Xntbm Bhiy-IX
- tbm bZr-tbm A `qX-tfm Bbn-cnptam
ImcWw? AYhm ]pcp-j Fp ]d-b-s-Sp ]c-{_w
Xs-bm-bn-cnptam?'' tIt\m]-\n-jn injy tNmZnpp: ""BcpsS C-bpsS t{]c-Ws
- Im-mWv a\v
Xm\m-{K-lnp ey-n-tep sNp--Xv. BcpsS
B-bm-emWv Hm-as {]mW-\n-izmkw ]pd-p-hXv! BcpsS B-bm-emWv \mw Cu hmp ]d-bpXv? In\pw ImXn\pw t{]cW \Ip tZh-t\XmWv?'' Nn- I-m kmam-\y-_p-n- I sNp--Xp- t]mse
C{n-bm-\p-`-hs Hc-hym-tJy-b-X-Xz-ambn KWn-n-. C{nb- sIms--cp m\s XnIpw icn-bm-sWp-d-np kzoI-cn-mtam a\-ns in-Ip kzX{-amb k-bptm AtXm ]nn \np IqSpX in-bp GXn-t-sb-nepw Imcy-f
- mtWm a\n-t-Xm-bn-m-Wp Ign-hp-I? Imcy-fpw P\y--fpamb `uXn-I]
- Z- m--sf, Ah-bpsS Xm-e-kz-cq-]ns, Ah-bpsS Imc-W-s-tmse XnIpw
bYm-am-sWp \app Icp-Xm Ign-bp-s
- X-s\?
Ch-bvs-m-nepw ]nn-embn kzbw-`q-hmb Hcp ]c-a-k-bp-m-bn-cn-Ww. AXp a\-n\pw B{i-b-am-bn-cn-pw,
m\w, a\-v, C{n-b-fpw Ah-bpsS hnj-b-fpw
Fmw ]cn-an-X-fpw {]Xn-_-a
- p--hb
- p-amWv. [mnI-Im-cy--fn ]cn-anXw sImp bYmamb B\w
t\Sm Ign-bn-sp \ap--\p-`-h-ap--Xm-Wv. kmwkm-cnI-kp-J -t`m-K- -W n-I--fm-Wv. Ah hmIyw
sImpw ac-Ww-sImpw \inp--hb
- m-W.v aXm-\p-jT
v m\--fn A-b-Po-hn-X
- n\p thn apd-hnfn Iqp-p.
CsXmw IqSn-t Ime-hym-]vXn-bn-m Hcp kbp-sp hniz-knm \s \n--cm-p-p. AXv
Hcp Bym-n-I-k--bmWv; Zi\imkv{X-- fpsS At\zj-Wh
- n-j-b-amWv; \psS Fm C-It- fbpw ]q-amp-Xpw aX-ns ey-hp-am-Wv. D]-\n-jZv{ZjvSm-
Fp \np-Xpw (k) ]q kXyhpw (Nn) hnip-amb B\-hpw (B-\-w) Bb Cu ]c-a-k--bntebvv \s ASp-nm {ian-p-p. Hmtcm am\-hlr- Z - b - n- t bpw {]m- \ - b mWv : ""Fs Akn\np k-bn-tep \bnq; Xa-n\np {]Imi- n-tep \bnq; arXyp-hn \np Aa-c-X z-ntebvp \bnq.''

bYm kXypsS kzcq]w

]c-a-k-Xy-ns kzcq-]-\n-b-n-\mbn D]-\n-j
Im- sshZnI Ejn-am-cpsS hkvXp-\njvS-amb (A\m-w) hoWtmSp Bo- b-hn-- Ws tNm
{ian-p. thZ-kq---fn ]n-X-amb DX [mcW
GI-k (GIw k)-sb-kw-_
- n-p--Xm-Wv. AXv

Fm-hn[w k-If
- nepw kzbw {]I-S-hp-ambncpp. Cu
\njvj-n\v D]-\n-j-p-I _ew \In. Ah-bn
Nnte-S v Ah Bm-s hp hnfnp "Alw'
XXzs Zmi- \n-I-ho--W-tmsS hntjWw sNbvXpsIm- mWv Cu {]iv\s kao-]n-n-p--X.v Omtm-tKym]-\n-j-n Kpcp-in-jy-m-cmb {]Pm-]-Xnbpw C{\pw
Xn \S-p Hcp kw`m-j-W -n Bm-h ns\
kw_-n-p hymJym-\
- n Bm-hns\ (1) imco-cnIm-m-h,v (2) C{n-b-Ka
- y-\mb Bm-hv, (3) A\p-`-hm-XoX-\mb Bm-hv (Kp-]vXm-m-) , (4) ]c-am-m Fn-s\
\membn hn`-Pn-n-cn-p-p. AhnsS hnai\ hnj-b-amb
{]iv\w a\x-im-kvX]
- -c-am-sWp ]d-p-Iq-Sm. AXv IqSpX B[ym-n-I-am-Wv. a\p-jy-\nse Bm-hns AYhm
a\p-jy-\nse apJy-k--bpsS kzcq-]-sa-mWv? N-bmcw-`n-p- -sImv {]Pm-]Xn Nne kmam\y e-W-sf hnhcn-p-p. ""Bmhv ]m]-ap-\
- mWv; hrmh-b n-m-h-\mWv; ac-Whpw ZpxJ-hp-an-m--h-\mWv; hnipw
Zml-hp-an-m--h\
- m-Wv. Cn-t--sX-s-sm- gnv ap
k- ]- fn- m- -h -\ m- W v. At- l -s bmWv \mw
kYm a\-n-em-m {ian-t-X
- v.'' AXv Fm-]c
- nh-\--fnepw amdmsX XpSp \np ImhmWv; AXv Pm{Kv, kz]v\ w, kpjp-] vX n, ac-Ww,
]p\-w, BXy-n-Ia
- pn Cu Zi-I-fn-semw kmam\y-LS- -Ia
- mbn \ne-sIm-p At`-Zy-amb Hcw-Ka
- m-Wv.
Hcnepw \in-n-m Ign-bm Hcp kc-f-k-Xy-am-WXv. acWw AXns\ kv]in-p-n- . Hcp Zphn-Im- c-n\pw
AXns\ hne-bn-n-m Ign-bn-. nc-X, XpS, GIX, \nXy-{In-bm-io-eX Fnh AXns hntij eW--fm-W.v kzbw-]q-amb Hcp temI-am-W-X.v AXn\p
]pd-smcp hkvXphpw AXn-s-Xnsc \nm-\n-. Cu
{]{In-bmsI N{I-It- Zmjw _m[n-n-p-sp ]dv
\ho-\-hn-ai-I-m FXnpw. Fm kzbw-]-cym-]vXXbpw kzbw-]q-Xbpw {]tXyI e-Wa
- mbn kzoI-cnp-Ig- n-m AXn\p kam-[m-\-hp-am-bn. Cn-s\-sbmcp
{]{Inb kzoI-cnp-X
- n {]tXy-Iw- D-t-iy-ap-sp
\app aptmp t]mIp-tm- ImWmw. a\p-j ys
Bmhv kzbw Im-hm-sW-pw, AXn-\v Hcnepw
kmy-hn-j-b-am-Im Ign-bn-spw {]Pm-]Xn hy-amp-p. AXv {ZjvSm-hmb ]pcp-j-\mWv Zriy hnj-b-a
- .
AXv "Fs' Fp ]d-bm-hp hnj-b-amb KpW-kw-LmX-a; Cu KpW--sf-sbmw ]cn-tim-[n-p-sImv Fmn\pw ]nn AIv kmn-bmbn \np "kzbw
hnjbamb "Rm' BWv. icn-bmb A-n AXv
hnjbnbmb mXm-hmWv; Hcn-e
- p-aXv hnj-b-am-Im
h. Bm-hns LS-I- an-hmdpw km[m-cW \nebn hnj-b--fpsS Iq-n s]t-mw. \ymb-hmZw
AwKo-Ic
- np [mc-W, hnj-b-am-Ip--sXmw Xs
A\m--tIm-Sn-bn s]Sp-sa-m-Wv. \psS bYmm
mhn-t\mSv sshPm-Xy-apXpw AXn\nv `n-hp-amb
Fm- n-t \bpw \mw ths]-S pn AI- -Ww. BZyw
\Inb Dcw P\n-p-Xpw hf-cp-Xpw Pon-pXpw acn-p-- Xp-amb ico- c-amWv bYm-amb Bmhv
Fm-bn-cp-p. {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS A`n-{]m-b-n \mw asm-

I cm-fpsS Ip-I-fn t\mp-tm ImWp AYhm sh-

kzX-{-\m-bn-cnp-Ibpw thWw. Ime-n-tbpw P\-\ntem Im-Sn-bntem ImWp "hyn'bmWv Bm- n-tbpw ]cn-[n-Isf B{i-bnp \np "Alw' Hcnhv. Nn{X-n Xe-ap-Snbpw \Jhpw IqSn ImWp-p-tm epw \nXy-am-sWp ]d-bm-\m-hn-. {]mtZ-in-Ihpw `uXnFv kqNn-n-p-bp-ap-m-bn. AXpsImv CXm-m-h- I-hp-amb ]cn-n-Xn-I-fn _n-p-\np "Alw'
sp a\-n-em-m-\mbn {]Pm-]Xn C{-t\mSv ""Av Hcp Ime-kr-jvSn-bm-Wv. AXv kwkm-c-tem-I-nse HcptZlw \-h w Ae- -cnv \ hkv{X- [cnv Dg-m-c-\m-Wv. AXv X\n-mbn A]q-km-a-{K-lnshntem Im-Sn-bntem t\mpI Fp ]d-p. IsImv A]q-amb Hcp temIs \nn-p-p.
C{ Xs-tmse Hcp hynsb \ hkv{X- AXv A\-iz-ca
- ; AXn\v AXn-cn-m kzmX-{-hp-an[cnv Ae--cnv kp-c-cq-]-n ImWp-p. C{\v Hcp . \apv Fm-hn[w A\p-`-h-pw B[m-chpw hmlkwi-b-ap-Zn-p-p. ""icocw Ae--cn-n-cn-p-tm sh- \-hp-amb Hcp hnjbn AYhm Hc-Xn-hym-]-Ia
- mb k
ntem Im-Sn-bntem ImWp Bmhv \mbn Ae- Bh-iy-ap- -v. kz]v\m-h--bn-tebpw PmK-cn-Xm-h
-bn-cnp ImWpp; ico-c-n \- hkv{Xw [cn-m tebpw A\p-`-h
- . tIhew AXns A]q-amb
AXpw \ hkv{Xw [cn-p-Im-Wp-p. icocw \hw A`n-hyn am{X-am-bn-cn-Ww. hnhn[ Zi-If
- psS {]hmipNnbpw kp-ch
- p-am-bn-cp- m B Bmhpw ipNn- l-n\v kzbw \ne-\n-m Ign-bp-Ib
- n-. sF{n-bmbmbpw kp-c-ambpw ImW-s-Sp-p. Atm icocw Ip- \p-`-h--tf-evp Bmhv kzm[n-Im-c
- n \nXy-\s]mn-b-Xm-sW-n AXpw A-am-bn-cnpw. icocw apS- . C{ {]Pm-]X
- nsb kao-]nv Xs a\x-nXn hnhm-sW-n B \ng-en-p Bmhpw apS-m-Ipw, ico- cn-bv p-p. Ipsd-mew Ign-Xn-\p-tijw {]Pm-]Xn
c-n\v h AwK-`w-Kh
- p-ap-s-n B Bm-hn\pw C{-\p-]-tZiw \Ip-p. ""a\p-jy Ddn ]q-hn-{iaw
AwK-` wKw ImWpw. HSp-h n icocw \in- m B sImp- Ibpw kz]v\-sampw ImWm-Xn- cn- p- Ibpw sNp
Bmhpw \inpw. CXn-semcp sahpw Rm ImWp- Ah--bmWv Bm-hv.'' {]Pm-]-Xnbvv C{s _pnn-.'' C{ Xs Kpcp-hns\ kao-]n-p-p. Ipsd Ign- app a\-n-em-bn. Bm-hns\ hn`n-m-h
-I-fpsS AWnXn-\p-tijw Kpcp C{-t\m-Sp-]t- Z-in-p-p. ""kz]v\- I-fn-te-bvn-dn Npcp-n-qSm; An-s\-bm-bm \nXyn kpJ- k-mcw sNp- -XmWv Bm-hv.'' bYmm- \mb Hc-lw-X-z-ns Bh-iyta Cm-Xm-Ipw. Bmmhv Fm-hn[w Ipd-hp-Ipw IjvSm-\p-`-h
- pw hns\ X-fpsS BI-kvan-Ia
- mb A\p-`-h-a--e
- n\v
]m{X-am-Ip-- i-co-c-a-. AsXmcp `uXn-Ia
- mb Zriy-Imcy- A[o-\-am-tnbpw hcpw. A\p-`-h- tKm-N-c--fmb _mlyam-Wv. ssNX-\y-n\p hnl-cn-m-\p Hcp-]-I-c-W-amWv hn-j-b-v A\p-`h
- -hn-j-b--fm-bn-o-cm \nXy-\mb
ico-cw. ssNX-\y-am-Is ico-c-n\n-p-f-hm-b-Xp-a-. Hcp hnjbn (B-m) thW-sav C{s\ ]Tn-n-bvt]noSp C{-t\mSp kz]v\w ImWp hnjbn(Im)- -Xp-v. Ben-ns Ap-X{- ]-]
- -s--n-bp IYbm-Wv. Bmhv Fp ]dbpp. ]s C{\v hopw I-sfm-gnv as-m-bn-Spw Cfn-p-Imn ipWvTn-sb-Sp-nkwibamIpp. ""icn-bm-Wv, ico-c-ns Iphpw Ipdhpw bvm Hcp ]q-th-Ww. Fm Hcp ]q-sb-tmgpw
Bm-hns\ _m[n-p-n-. ico-c-n--Sn-sIm-p-tm Cfn-p-Im-n- sm-t-Wsapan-. AXp-t]mse hnj- b-nBm-hn-\Xp Xp-n-. icocw apS-m-bmepw Bm-hn\v s-tmgpw hnj-bnsb B{i-bn-t-\n-evm Ign-bq.
apS-p-m-Ip-n-. Fmepw B tZmj- ]nXp-Sp Fm hnj- bn-bvm- Is AtX hn[-n hnj-b-ns
Abmsf kz]v\
- n sNv _m[n-mtem? B Bm- B{ibw Bh-iy-an-. {]Pm-]Xn Cmcyw C{s\ [cnhn\v ZpxJ-ns IjvSm-\p-`-h-ap-m-Ip-p-v. Ip-\o n-bvm-\p-t-in-p. Bm-hn-s\-q-SmsX m\-an-. Iehogvpp; ZpxJm-\p-`-h-ap-m-Ip-p. CXp-sImpw Rm bn-, [m-N-c-W-hp-an-. Bm-hn-t\mSp _-s-Sm
sa-sampw ImWp-n-.'' kz]v\
- ico-c-n\nv hnj-b- AkXv BIp-p. hnj-bn-bpsS k Fm
IqSp-X kzX-{--fm-b-Xp-sImv kz`m-hn-I-ambn {]mam- hnj-b--fp-tSbpw kbvv B[m-c-am-Ip-p. Fm
Wn-I-am-sWp Icp-Xn-bmWv {]Pm-]Xn ap am\-kn-Im-\p- kzbw hnj-bn-bm-Is B tb-hn-jb
- --fpsS Iq`-h-p ]Icw kz]v\m-h--Isf FSpp ]d-Xv. nsp \nevIp--Xp-an-. {]Pm-]Xn Fm A\p-`-hBmhv kz]v\m-h-I
- -fn IpSp-msX Xb--sam-p- -fp-tSbpw mXmhv Bm-hp-X-s-bm-sWv C{s\
an-msX k-cn-p-sIm-n-cnpw Fm-W-\p-am-\n-s- a\-n-em-m {ian-bvp-p. AXn\v C{s\ Al-\mSp--Xv. a\pw kz]v\m-h-I
- -fn ico-c-n\v t\cn-Sp m thn Aaq-]-Xn AXn\v AXns kzkw`-h-- tfmSp _-an-msX kzX-{-ambn Anv Ae- amb Nne tZmj--fp- s-nepw {]tbm-Kn-bvp-p. \psS
bp-p. Cu A`n-{]mbw XpS-bmbn hfp-h-cp-, A\p- PohnXw kZm ]Zm--fp-ambn CS-s]v XnSp-n-Ww amdn amdn hcp-, am\-kn-Im-\p-`-h--tfbpw Bm- gn-bp-I-bm-Wv. \mw IqSp-X kwkm-cn-I-fm-bn-tm-bn. \psS
hn-t\bpw Xpey-hn-Xm-\
- n sImp \np-p. CXv Bmhp hnIm-cfnepw B{K-l--fnepw k]-C{n-bm-\p-`-h- Gevp Bm-hm-Wv. Cu C{nb fnepw Xs-m-\d
- n-bm ]mSn-m--hn[w apgp-In-bn-cnKay-\mb Pohm-mhv Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h
- -fpsS Zpc--kw-`-h- bvp- p. tIhew hkv Xp-\n-jvT-amb Pohn-Xw-\ -bnpw
v hnt[-b-\m-sWpw C{ icnv a\-n-em-n. {]mIr-Xh
- k
- vXp-f
- n AXyw apgp-Inbpw temI-hy-h{]Xn-Ww amw hcpXpsImv CXv "hnjbn'bmI-bn- lm-c--fnepw euInI-{]-hr-n-I-fnepw \nc-cw CS-s]pw
. CXv ico-c-n\nv `nhpw kzX-{-hp-am-sW-nepw Ccn-bvpI Imc-Wa
- mbn Fm-n-epw-shv apJy-XX
- z-amb
kz]v\ m-h- -I v kzX-{-a mb \ne-\n-e v]n- -tm. Bm-hn-s\-p-dnv hnNm-cn-pI Hcp \nanjw t]mepw
bYm-amb Alw AYhm Bm-hm-Is kYm hn\n-tbm-Kn-m-s\m-cp-p-n-. m\w kzbw kn-am-

I b-Xmbn \mw Icp-Xp-p. AXn-s\-p-dnv IqSp-X hnNmcw

Db \ne-bn, ]c-a-e-y-n \mw Fp-p-sp

[mc-W-bp--h C{-tbpw {]Pm-]X
- n-bp-tSbpw kwhm-Zn {int--Xm-W.v C{s A`n-{]m-b-n ico-cL- S-\-bpsS acym-Z-I- fn\n-pw, Ime- tZ- i-]-cn-[n- bn \npw,
hnj-b--fpsS k-bn\npw kzX-{-amb Hc-h
tIhew k-\m-i-amWv. Zmi-\n-I-amb hnNm-chpw a\xim-kv{X-] -c-amb hnt-j-Whpw Cu ]cn-W m-a- n-tebvmWv \s \bn-p-I. Fm {]Pm-]Xn C{n-bm-\p`-h
- -fpsS am-sImp _m[-tb-evm Bmhns AkvXn-Xzs Dun-bp-d -nm {ian-p-p.
Bmhv tNX-\m-h
-If
- n \np XnIpw ]pd-m-bncp-n Fn-cp-mepw tNX-\m-kz-cq-]-\p-a Fp \ntin-b
v m {]Pm-]Xn shp-p-v. C{ {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS
apn Xs _pn- a pv Cs\ hnh- c n- b v pp:
""kz]v\w ImWm KmV-\n-{Z-bn hnj-bnbvv hmkvXh-n Xs ksbnbpw Adn-hn; av Ahn-sSbp hnj-b--sf--nbpw m\-an-. AXp Hcp Xcn k-Ym iq\y-cq-]a
- m-bn-tm-sbp ]d-bmw. AXpsImv CXnepw KpW-sampw ImWp-n-.'' Cu A`n
\nc-cw XpSp \nevp-X
- mbpw Fm ]cn-h-\-Zi-I-fnepw am-an-msX \nevp--Xmbpw {]Pm-]Xn Nqnm-p-p. Cu AJn-e-hn-izhpw ]c-am-hn-Nm-cs kmm-cn-bvm-\p Hcp {]{In-b-bm-Wv. ""Atbm aLh Cu icocw ac-W[
- n-bm-Wv. Fmw \iz-ca
- m-Wv.
CXv ico-c-`n- -amb Aa-c-\mb Bm-hns \nhm-km\w am{X-am-Wv. Ins IrjvW-a-Wn-I-fn ImWp
]pcp-j-\m-WXv; Fm Ip-If
- m-Is ImWm-\p D]I-cWw am{X-am-Wv. Rm CXns\ aW-s Fp hnNmcn-bvp--h-\mWv Bm-hv. aqv Kw apX-em-bh A\p`-hn-bv m-\p D]-Ic
- Ww am{X-am-Wv.'' Bm-hns\
Aaq-amb Hc-\u-]-Nm-cn-I-X -Xz-am-bn- A\-h-cXw
{Inbm-io-ea
- mb Hcp hym]I ssNX\y-am-bn-mWv {]Zinn-n-p--Xv. ""izkn-bvp ka-bv CXn\v {]mW-s\pw, kwkm-cn-bvp-tm hmIv Fpw, ImWp-tm
Is-pw, tIp-tm sNhn-sb-pw, hnNmcw sNptm a\-spw CXn\p t] \evIp-p. Cu kwI-sfmw CXns hnhn-[ -{]-hr- n-I p-Xm-W v.''
Cns\ hymJym- \ n- - s B m- h p- X - s - b mWv
nc\pw \nXy-\p-amb hnj-bn. AXv PmKr-X-bnepw kz]v\nepw ac-W-nepw \n{Zm-h
-bnepw _-\w, apn
Cu Ah--I-fnepw XpSp-dp \nevp-p. AsX-mm-e pw AJn- e -h n- i z-t bpw t\mn- s m- n-c nbvpp. AXvhym-]I
- -amb hnj-bn-bmWv; AtX kabw
hym]-I-amb hnj-b-hp-amWv. AXv ImWp-p-v. ImWpn--Xm-\pw. D]-\n- jv Cs\ ]d- bpp: ""Ah ImWmXn-cn-bvp-tm Ah ImWp-n-s-nepw ImWp-p-v.
{ZjvSmhv Ahn-\m-in-bm-b-Xp-sImv Zi-\-i-n-bvsm-cnbvepw tem]w hcp-n-. Fm {ZjvSm-hns\ Hgnv
Zin-bvm cm-aXmsbmcp hkvXp-hn-.'' Bm-hp-Xs-bmWp apgp-h hnizhpw; ""Rm Xs-bmWv CsXmw.''

sNp-Xpw AXns KpVmw a\-n-em-m {ianp-Xpw a\-n\v A[zm-\a

- p Imcy-am-Wv. {]Pm-]Xn
Bmhns Bh-iy-IX
- sb IqSp-X kv]jvS-am-m
thn, Bm-hv, \nc-cw \ne-\n-p-p-shp Pm{KZ-h--bnepw kz]v\m-h--bn-epw, A\p-`hw Ipdp t\ctsmw XSv \njv{In-b-ambn \nm t]mepw,
Bmhv hnSmsX \ne\nppshp \njvIjnp
{]kvXm-hn-bvp-p. kz]v\w ImWm KmV-\n-{Z-bn
A\p-`q-X n-hn-jb
- - -sfmpw \psS apn-en-s-nepw
AXp sImp Bm-hp-an-sp ]d-bm Ign-bn-. \n{ZnXm-h
-bn Bm-hns ksb C{ kzmI-cn-psIm-p- sav {]Pm-]Xn [cn- n-cnp-I-bm- W.v ImcWw \n{Zmh--bn ]pdw-tem-I-hp-ambn _- hn-t-Za
- p-s-nepw
tNX\ \nc-cw XpSp-\n-pp F hkvXp-Xsb
ap hn[-n hymJym\nm Ign-bp-I-bn-. tZh-Z-
\sm-cp-dw Ignv DWs-gp-t-mepw tZh-Z--\mbn-s XpS-cp-p. Fs-m Abm Dd-m XpSp-tm-gp-m-bn-cp C{n-bm-\p-`-h
- -fpsS {Iaw Ddn
Fgp-t--Xn\p tij-ap A\p-`-h-{I-at- mSv tbmPnp
\nevp-p-v. Abm-fpsS ]qm-\p-`-h- h-am\
hnNm-c- -f p-ambn Htc N-e - - n-bn IrXy-a mbn
tNcpp; am-cp-t S-sb-nepw hnNm-c-tfmSp tNcp-n-.
A\p-`h
- --fpsS Cu ss\ccyw t_m[m-h--bpsS kakvX-L-S-I--fp-tSbpw ]m--e-n \nXy-n-c-\mb
Hcm-m-hp-sp AwKo-I-cnm \s \n-n-pp. hnNmcw sNm asmcp hnj-b-hp-an-m-Xn-cn-sbpw
\n{Zm-h--bn \ne-\n-p-t- XtXm AXm-Wm-m-hv.
Im-Sn-bn Hpw ImWp-n-s-p-shv ImSn \in-pshp hcp-n-. {]Pm-]Xn ChnsS hnj-b-ns t]cn
hnj- bn-p ]c-am-[n-]- Xys sXfn-bn- bvm {ian-bvpp. Fm hnj-b-fpw hnep-]X
v -ambntmIp Ah-bnepw hnj-bn-bmb Bmhv AYhm {]am- Xm-hmb Bm
kzXx-{ ]-I m-i-\ mbn hn-b v pp F bm-h evIys A`n-{]m-b-nse bmYmyam-WnXv. ""kqcy-\kvX-an- p-tm An AW-p-t]m-Ip-tm, Bmhp
am{Xw Xt-Xmb {]Im-i
- n {]Im-in-p-p.'' imco-cnIm-\p-`-h--sfm-p-an-m, Aaq-amb kz]v\mZn A\p`-h
- fpw IqSn-bn-m-, hnj-b-iq-\yhpw IqSn-bmb Cu
Bmhv tIh-e-samcp \njv^-ea
- mb anYym-k-e
- v]a
- msWv C{ Icp-X p-p. Xm GXns\ Adn-bpp;
GXns\ A\p-`-hnpp; GXns\ B[m-c-amn {Inb
sNpp; AsXm-p-a Bm-s h-n Ah-bn\nsmw _w hn-Xm-sW-n, D-S--sam-p-an-msX
ip-iq-\y-am-sW-n ]ns tijn-s-pv? ""Hp-an''
C{ ]dp: ""Fm-n \npw ap-am-IpI Fmew Hp-an-m--Xm-hpI Fp Xs'' KuX-a-_p-
Hcp hrs DZm-l-c-W-am-sb-Spv tNmZn-bvp-I-bmWv:
""AXns Ce-I-sfmw ]dnp If-bpp; sImp-I-sfmw
apdn-pp; tXmep apgp-h Dcnpp; Ans\ Fmw
\in-np-p. Fm ]ns hr-ambn tijn-bvp-sX-m-Ip- sa- m-Wq-lntXv? _mly-Po- hn- Xs \ntjCu hniz-kz-cq-]nbpw hy]-I-\p-amb Bmhv AXns
[n-bvp--Xns Aw Dn-ep Cuiz-cs \mi-am- khn-ti-j-kz-`mhw Imc-Wa
- mbn ZrjvSn-hn-j-b-am-Ip-n-.
Wv. hnip-- amb B- \n-jvT-X- bn, Fm- \p-t-S-tmfw

I {io. i-c ]d-bpp: ""kmn-`q-X\- mb Bmhv tNX-

m Ign-bp-sap ]e-]e kq--fnepw \nt-inp\sb {]Im-in-n-p-p. Fm Hcn-epw Xm kzbw p. ImcWw B Ah-b

- n {isb hn`-Pn-m-IjntNX-\m-hn-j -b-a m-Ip-n-.'' AXv Hc-\p-` hkma-{Kn-b- ,- bvp _mly-P-K -p-a mbn Bm-h n-\p _w
Fm{]tabhnjbfpw AXn\pthnbmsWnepw ths]-n-cn-pw. amwk-i-co-c-ns D]-tcm-[-ap-s-nepw
AXp kzbw {]ta-b -hn-j -b-a-. ka-k vX-hn-Nm-c-fpw ssZhn-Ia
- mWv a\p-jym-m-hns auen-I-kz-cq-]w. ""Cu
AXn\p thn-bm-sW-nepw AXv Hcp hnNm-c-a-. AXv \mem-as Ah hnj-bn-bpsS m\-ap--X; hnjFm ImgvN-If
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- -fpsS Ahn- n-{I-aw, AYhm ssNX-\ y- lyhpw A\p-am-\m-Xo-Xhpw ANn-yhpw Ahy-tJy-bhpw
ns \nc-c {]hmlw CXn-t\m-sSmpw Bm-hns B-{]-Xy-b-ns kmc-X-Xzhpw kwkm-c-ns ]qXmZmyw m]n-bvIp-hm D]-\n-j-p-I Iqm-p-I- X-bp-am-Wv. \nXy-im-hpw kZm B\--a-bhpw AssZzbn-. _- sm-cm-[mcw Bh-iy-am-bn-p--hbvv X-hp-amb CXp-X-s- bmWv Bmhv'' Hmmcw CXns {]XoBmhv Hcp _-am-bn-cnp-I-bn-. hnhn[ LS-I-- I-am-Wv. Hmm-c-ns `mK--fmb A.-D.- a. Pm{K kz]v\w
fpsS ]c-kv]c
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-
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-Iv D]-e
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Hcp {]Xn-\n[n Bh-iy-am-W.v hy]-I-amb Hcp tNX-\-bpsS s]mXp-hn B[m-c-amWv; Fm-n-tbpw k CXns\
ksb AwKo-I-cn-m \mw \n-n-X-cm-bn-o-cp-p. B{i-bn-n-cn-bvp-p. KmV- \n-{Z-bn \mw Fm `mh-fpw
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Xv. AXns ksb kw_-nv Bpw kt-la
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cw Htc an XpSp-sIm-n-cn-bvp \nXy-k-- p-p.
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I tbmPn-p-n-spw ]d-p-IqtS? PmK-cn-Xm-h--bnse

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bnse A\p-`-h
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ad-bvp-n t`Z-m-\-cl
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Xpcobmh--bm-Wv.
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sN-s hnj-b--fn apJy-am-Wv. AXp A[ym--hnZy
F t]cn `K-hKo-X-bnepw thZm--kq-{X--fnepw
hopw hcp-p. B-kz-cq]-ns hnt-jWw D]-\nj-p-I -fpsS kzm-W v. AXv ]mc- -cym-hImi-ambn
XpSp-h hnNm-c-im-kv{X-v Inn. CXp-aqew ]e
anYym- k - -e v] - - f p- a p- m- b n. B- k z- cq- ] - s - n
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- nm-- D-bn-n-p-v.

{_w
AssZz-X-]-c-amb Bibw EtKz-Z-Im-ev Dm-bn. kZm{In-bm-io-ehpw Fm imiz-X-hn-{iaw sImp--Xp-amb
\nXym-m-hns\ X-kw-K-X-ambn hymJym-\nm-\p
D-ch
- m-ZnXzw D]-\n-j
- p-I Gs-Sp-p. asm-cn-Sv
Xmgv-X-e-n InS-n-cp A]qm-i-b- Db
\ne-b n- s en IqSp-X ka- - f m- b n. ssXncotbm]\n-j-n D-t]m-se, ]tcm-KXn {]m]n-Xpw
\mw Ip. aqmw hn-bn ]p{X ]nXm-hns\ kao]nv Fm hkvXp-fpw P\nv hnI-kn-psXhnsS
\ntm, Ah-km\samw aS-p-s
- X-hn-tSbvtm B ]cam- k - -b psS kz`mhw D]-t Z-i n- p-X - c-W -s ap
{]mn-bvp-p. A aI\v {_-ns kmam-\y-e-W
- ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p. {]kvXpX e-W
-
Xr]vXn-I-c-ambn H hkvXpsh Xncp ]nSn-bvm\pw
]d-p. ""GsXm-n \nv Cu hkvXp- P\n-bvpp-thm, P\nv GsXm-p- sImp Pohn-p-p-thm, arXypZ-i-bn GsXm-n-tebvp {]th-inp-pthm AXmWv
{_w.'' {]]--nse ]Z- -sfmw Fpw BIrXn
amdnsmn-cnp-p. AXp-sImp ]c-am-cq-]-n
Ah kXy-am-sWp KWn-bvm h. Ftmgpw amdnsm-n-cn-bvp \ma-cq-]m--I-amb Cu hniz-ns
]m--e-n Hcn-epw amdmsX nc-am-bn-cn-bvp
Hcp k-bptm? D]-\n-j-ns ]cn-`m-j-bn PKv
\ma-cq-]m--I-am-sWp ]d-n-cn-bvp-p. ]p{X {]IrXn-sb-s ]c-ak
- -bmbn KWn-bvpp; _mly-{]]--ns Ghpw {][m-\-h-i-am-Wtm {]Ir-Xn. temIm-

b-Xn-I-m-cpsS `uXn-I-hm-Zn-I-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-an-Xm-W.v {]IrXnsb ]c-a-k--bmbn AwKo-I-cn-m Pohn-X-kw-`-h-fpsS apgp-h\pw hni-Zo-Ic

- -W-am-Ib
- n Fp ]p{X Ffp-n a\-n-em-n. h\-kv]-Xn-h-ns hnIm-kn\v thsdmcp hymJym\w Bh-iy-am-Ipw. aI {]mWs\
AYhm Pohs\ ]c-am-k--bmbn FSp-p-Im-p-p.
{]Ir-Xn-sb-q-SmsX Poh\v (Po-h-i-n-bvv) \ne-\nm\-hn-s-nepw {]Ir-Xn-bn Poh-c-lk
- y-ns kmn-yan-. PU-]Z- m-sf Dsm-m\pw Ahsb cq]-am-n\p Al-am-m-\pap hntj-i{- ]-`mhw Poh-i-nbv p- v . C tX i n- b mWv a\p- j y- i - c o- c - n
ktkym]-
- sf chpw Anbpw t]in-I-fp-ambn
amm klm-b n-bvp auen-I-X-X zw. AJne hniznepw hym]n-Xpw a\p-jys\ CX-ck
- r-jvSn-If
- p-ambn
_n-n-p-Xpw Cu XXzwXs-bm-Wv. {]mW icoc-km-c-am-sW-nepw {]Ir-Xn-bn\npw hyXy-kvX-co-Xn-bnemWv Pohn-X - ns hyh--s bv ]p{X-\ p-d- p-v .
Fm {]iv\]
- -cn-l m-c-ambn {]mWs\ ]c-a-k-bmbn
AwKo-Ic
- n-mepw Abmp Xr]vXn-bm-Ip-n-. Fsm {]mWn-tem-I-n \ap\p-`-h-am-Ip tNX-\m{]-Xn-`m-k-sf Poh-\X
- Xzw sImv hymJym-\nm
km[y-a-. a\v AYhm {]Xy--amb m\m--I-tNX\ Poh-i
- n-bn \npw {]Ir-Xn-bn \npw XnIpw
hneW-amb Hcp hkvXp-hm-Wv. AXv {]mW-{]-{In-b-bpsS
intcm-aI
- p-Sa
- m-sWp tXmp-p. AXp-sImp ]p{X
a\-mWv {_-sap hniz-kn-bvp-p. F-meXpw ]cym]vXa
- m-Ip-n-t- m. tIhew {]Xy m\w- sImv
hymJym-\n-bvm Ign-bm _un-I-kw- `-h-sf{Xtbm
ImWmw. hnm-\-amWv {_w. _un-I-X-e-n
ssZzX`mh-ntbpw _mly-X-bp-tSbpw XXz--fp-s
hkvXpX {]Zin-n-p-I-bmWv D]-\n-j-p-I-fpsS eyw.
m\-nepw [mn-IP
- o-hn-X-nepw hnj-b-hn-j-bn-_-ap-v. ksb m\-ns ]cn-`m-jb
- n \nb{np \nm-n-Sv tIhe _pn-bn\n-p-b
DIr-jvS-amb Ftm Hp-m-bn-cn-bn--Ww. k-bnep sFIy-ns Bhiyw \mw _un-IX
- e
- -n
\np-b-c-Ws
- a-m-Wv. hnNmcw \mw a\-n-em-m-dp-t]mse Zqsc \nevp-Xpw hnNm-c-{]-{In-b-bn \np `nhp-amb hnj-b--tfm-SmWv _-sp {]hnvp--Xv.
AXv Xn\np ]pd-v, Xn\np `nhpw hncp- kz-`m-h- ap--Xp- amb GtXm Hn-tebvv tXSn-sb-pp.
bYm-k hnNm-c-n\np `n-amWv; Adn-bp-h\pw Adn-b p hnj- b hpw Adnhpw (m-X mhpw
m\hpw t-b-hpw) Hm-bn-o-cp-p. Zmi-\n-Ih
- nNm-c-ns At\z-jWw Chn-sS-sbn Ah-km-\n-bvp-p . CXp-s Imp B\-- n-\ p-a o-s X-bmbn Hp-an
FmWv \nn-jvS-am-Ip--Xv. AXp-X-s-bmWv ]c-a-k-.
Cu B\w \nc-cw {Inbm-io-ehpw kpJm--I-hp-amb
Hc-\p-`-ha
- mWv; AYhm Ign-hns \nm-[a
- mb {]tbm-Kam-Wv. iq\y-n hnfbn--e-, {]mWn ]qX {]m]n-em-Wn-X.v ""hnth-I-Zr-jvSn-tbmsS t\mp m\n-I
Ah-cpsS AXypIr-jvS-amb m\w-sImv B\--cq]-\mbpw \nXy-kz-cq-]-\mbpw {]Im-in-bvp Bm-hns\
kmm-cnp-p. kXyw ]dm AXypIr-jvS-

I amb bYm-k-sb hni-Zo-I-cnm \mw Ak-a-

ambn \ne-\n-evp Cu {]]--n Fn-s\-sb-nepw

cm-Wv, AXv Aaqtam aqtam F tNmZyw t]mepw hne-bn-cp-mt\m hninjvSX kzoI-cn-mt\m \apv Ignbpn-k-l-a-. \mw GsX-nepw hn[-n-e-Xns\ hnh- bmsX hcpw. Cuiz-c\pw {_hpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn Hpcn-bv-W-sav _un-Ia
- mb Bhiy t{]cn-np- Xs FmWv D]-\n-j-p-I kqNn-n-p--X.v Ghpw
p. AXns\ tIhew Aaq-ambn KWn-bvp--Xn-t\- kqva-X-tbmsS Zmi-\n-I-ZrjvSym IrXy-ambn hnth-N\w
m aq-ambn KWnp--XmWv IqSp-X bYm-am- sNbvXv \mw B-t_m-[t- msS ""Rm\m-Ipp Rm''
hp-I. Db XXz--sfmw AXm-Xn \np Xmgv XXz- Fp ]d-bp-tm ]c-a-k--bn \np AXyw Npcp-sf-m aqhpw ka-th-Xh
- p-am-Wv. AXp-sImp n-b, Iev]n-bvm am{Xw Ign-bp-, eLp- -Xz-ap-sp
{_w-X-s-bmb B\w as-m-n-t\-mfpw k-{Km- ]d-tb-n-hc
- p-p. Cu A-iq\yw aXn-bmbn i-c\v
ln-bm-W.v Fm hkvXpfpw AXn\npdp hcpp. Fm-n\pw B[m-c-`q-Xhpw kXy-hp-amb hnip--k-sb
AXn\ms Fm hkvXp-fpw nXnsNpp. tZi-Im-e--fmepw Imc-W
- mepw B_--amb {]]-HSp-hn Fmw AXn-te-p-Xs hnebw {]m]n-bvp- ns D]-nbvv Ic-W-am-n-om . hnip-p. J\n-P
- , h\-kv]-Xn-PK
-
- v, {]mWn-Pm-ew, a\p- {_- - s - n hnNmcw sNm XpS- p- - t XmsS
jy-k-aqlw C-s\-bp hnhn-[-`m-K-v B ]c-tam- iq\ys t`Z-I-X-Xzhpw AXp-t]mse km-[m-c-hp-am-X-k--bp- am-bp _w tIhew Aaqtam bm{n- p-p-sv D]-\n-j-p-I ]tcm-- ambn kzoI-cn-bvpItam A. Ah-sbmw Ah-bvm-[m-c-`q-Xa
- mcnp p. kwL-Sn-X-amb ]q-k--bmbn ]noSp hnI-knhym]-I-amb Hn-\p-n GIo-`q-Xa
- mbn \np-p. Cu bvp m\-kz-cq-]-\mb Cuiz-c kns A[n{_mnepff Fm `mKfpw k hym]Iamb Imw-ihpw Ak-ns \yq\mw-i-hp- am-W.v _mly-X-bp-ambn
Cu BXva mhns AwifmWv . Ah AXmXns AXn\p _hpw Ipd-hm-Wv. ]c-am-k {]]-khcpXnpff Imcy \nlnm\mbn khntij bpsS cq]-n {]I-S-am-Ip-p. CXp-sIm-p-Xs
- cq]w ssIsmp \ne\npp. Cu hn`m-K-sm- bmWv {]]-n-ep hnhn-[-h-kvX p-fpw Dsmn\pw kzX-{-amb AkvXn-Xz-an-. B Hns B{in- p bYm k-bpsS tXmXp-I-s f, ]c-a-k -X- ` m-K - -f m-s W- mw. thcp- I tatempw imJ- I bn\nv Ah-bn-tebvp hkvXp--fn-semw tZiw
Iogvt]mpw ]Sp-]n-Sn k\m-X\
- a
- mb Biz--hr-- Imew ImcWw Fo kmam\y LS-I--sf-tm-se-s
ap-v. AXp Xs-bmWv Dz-e-amb {_w. AXp Xs {_-ns A`n-hy-nbpw {]Xy--am-Ip-p-v.cmam-\pAar-X w. AJn-e - h n- i zhpw AXn HXp- p- p. Hcp Ps aq-{_-hpw i-cs Cuiz-c\pw B hnip-hkvXphpw AXns ]pdp t]mIp-n-.''
{_--tmSv G-hp-a-Spp \nevp--h-bm-Wv. CXn-ep-a\mw ]c-ak
- -sb B\--am-sWp hymJym-\n-p. [n-Iw -A-Sp--ap Hns\ Duln-bvm IqSn km[y-aCXp-sImv ]c-a-k Ahym-tJy-b-am-sWp km[m-cW . ktmIr-jvS-amb {_tam AYhm B\-tam
]d-p-h-cm-dp A`n-{]m-bs Jn-bvp-I-bm-Wp-m- hnm-\-n-ttbm B- ssN-X- \y-n-ttbm \ne- bn
b-Xv. k
- mw-K]
- q-amb ksb Adn-bm-\p cN-\m- tkzbm kzoI-cn ]cn-[n-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn hyn-cq-]-\mb
- I-amb Fm {]b- Xv\hpw km[m-c-W- bmbn sNs-pI Cuiz-c-\m- bn-o- cp-p. Cuiz- c As-n Bmhv GIaq-amb Hcp ]q-X-bn-em-Wv. aq-amb B\--amWv Xz-ns AkvXn-hm-c-amWv; {]IrXn AYhm A\m-mhv
{]mamWn-Ik
- AXhm hnNm-c-i-n-bn A`n-hy-- _lp-Xz-X-X z-am-Wv.
am- Ip bYmyw. CXn- s\-bmWv cmam- \p- P ktmIr{_hpw Bmhpw
jvS-amb {_-ambn kzoI-cn-n-p--Xv. ka-kvX-Kp-W
- hnjbw hnj-bn, _vw Bm, km-`u-a-X Xzw
fn\npw kzX-{-amb hnip {_-amWv \ncp-]m-[nI B-XXzw Cu bp-I- kam-\
- -fmWv, A`n--k AYhm i-c kzoI-cn-n-p \npW {_w. fm- W.v {_- amWv Bmhv. ""a\p-jy-\n-ep Cu {_hpw
BZy-tXv (cm-am-\p-Pt- -Xv) kphy-h-n-Xa
- mb ]q- kqcy-\n-ep Cu {_hpw cpw Hp-X-s-bm-Wv. EtKzk--bmWv; cm-a-tXv (i--c-t-Xv) Ahym-tJy-b-amb Z-n {]Xn-]m-Zn Cuiz-cs km-Xn-im-bn-Xz-`m-h\
bYmy-am-Wv. i-cs aX-n--\p-k-cnv cm-a-t- ChnsS km-c
- ym-an-bpsS `mh-ambn ]cn-Wa
- n-n-cn-bvpX-pX- sbpw Hm- a-t-Xmbn kzbw hnf-p-p. AZr- p. A\w km- n\p ]pd- ; km- n- pjvSn-sImv mX-amb k-bm-Is ]q-m-\-am- n-s-bm-Wv. D]-\n-j-p-I-fpsS m\-]mTw hnjsWp tXmp-p.
bn\n-jvT-am-b-XmWv Cu am-n-\p--c-hm-Zn. {_hpw
X-knamb AXyp-X k-sb-bmtWm AYhm Bmhpw Xn-ep XmZm-y-n {i sNep-pI!
]c-ak
- -sb BtWmB\--ambn KWnt-Xv F Fm AXns alXzw D]-\n-j-p-I-p-dv Ahkt-l
- n \nmWv Fm hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Zhpw D-hn-- bp-mb Ime-n\pw tZi-n-\p-a-p-d-v. Fn-bn-p-sXv {]Xy--am-Wv. i-cm-Nm-cy kan-p hn[w Xm-bn-mWmw. C\nbpw Fsmw ssZhn-I-m-\-fpw
Ai\w sImv {]m]n-t--Xmb kc-fa
- mb \ncp- Ip-] n- Sp- - -f p-a mWv hn{i-a - a n- msX Kth-j Ww
]m-[n-I-{_--tbpw cmam-\p-Ps aq-amb ]q-{_- sNp Pnm-k p- -f psS apn {]Xy- -a m-I m-tbpw kv]jvS-amn thXn-cnp ImWn-bv p \ncnbvp-sXp ]d-bm Ign-bn-. `mhn-bnse XXz-hnsXfn AXnn- tc-J-I-sfmpw D]-\n-j- p-I hcp Nmcw \ho-\hpw Akm-[m-c-W-hp-amb GsXmw am-shn-n. C\n \ma-Xns\ thXn-cn-bvp-]
- w aq- f-hX
- c
- n-n-mepw icn, Cu Zmi-\n-I-XXzw nc-ambn

10

I \nevpw. CXn \nv Hcp-X-c-n-ep hyXn-bm-\-fpw

Dm-h pI kw`m-hy-a- .'' hnjb-hn-j-b n-I -f psS Cu
XmZmyw tIhew Hc-kv]jvS-k-ev]w am{X-a
- , bpnbp--amb hnNmcw, A\p-`-hw, Cm-in Ch-bpsS ^enXm-am-Wn-Xv. {]IrXn hnNm-c-tbm-Kyhpw tXmen-]n-bvs-Sm-hp-Xpw kvt\ln-bvm sImm- hp--Xp-am-bn-cp-ns-n a\p-jym-m-hn\v AXn-s\-p-dnv hnNm-cn-mt\m
AXns\ Iogvs]-Sp-mt\m kvt\ln-bvmt\m Ign-bp-ambn-cp-n-. {]IrXn Hcp hnjbnbpsS hnj-b-am-Wv. XnIpw
_pn-K-ayhpw bpn-kw-K-Xhpw hi-s-Sp-m Ign-hpXpw kvt\ln-bvm Al-hp-am-Wv. a\p-jy-\p-th-nbmWv CXv \ne-\n-evp--Xv. \-{X-k-aqlw AXns
I sImfp- n-s h Zo]- -f mWv; A-I mcw
AXns\ Dd- m-\p Xmcm-p-]m-pw. {]IrXn Pohn- X-ns
Bo-b-bm-Ymy- n-tebv v \s hnfn-bv pp;
Bm-hns Bh-iy-I-X-Isf \nd-th-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
{]Ir-X nsb \nn-bvp- Xpw in-s -Sp- p- Xpw
sImp-\S- -p-Xpw Fmw Bm-hp-Xs
- -bm-Wv. a\pjy hnNm-cn-m XpSnb Imew sXmv hnjb hnjbn-I-fpsS Cu GI-Xzw, Fm-nepw hym]n-Xpw Fm-nt\bpw X n Dsm-p--Xp-amb Hcp tI{-k-bpsS AkvXnXzw; `-P-\--fpsS knm--ambn hnbvp-p. aX-]-ca
- mb cl-ky-hm-Zhpw AKm-[a
- mb [\n-jvTbpw "AXp \o BIpp' "XXz-akn' FX valmhm-Iy-ns bmYmy-n\p kmn-bmWv. \ap-Xp
a\-n-em-bn-s p hcmw. Fm AXn-s \- - n-bp
AX \ap--Xns\ \ntj-[n-bvm th{X Imc-Wam-Ip-n- .
{_s k w_- n- p hnhn[[mc- W - I
Bkw- _-n-I-fmb hnhn-[m- i--tfmSpw tbmPn-bvp-pv. adn-p-ap-.v PmKrXn kz]v\w kpjp]vXn Bm-hns
kam-[y-h Chsb ]nm- es thZm-- {K---fn
thXn-cnp kv]jvS-amn ]d-n-p-v. Ah {_s
kw_-n hnhn-[-[m-c-WI
- sf A\p-Iq-en-bvp-p-ap-v.
]c-{_w B\w Xs-bm-Wv. AXp \mem-as AXmbXv Xpco-bm-h--bn A`n-hy--am-Ip B kzcq]w
Xs-bmWv. AhnsS hnj-bhpw hnj-bnbpw Hm-Ip-p.
{ZjvSmhpw ZrjvSn-bpw Z- r-iyhpw (Im-Wp-h
- \pw ImWp-Ipw ImW-s-Sp- -h- kvXp-hpw) Hcp kq-{_-- n
kt-fnv GIm-Im-c-am-Ip-p. Bmhv a\p-jys am\kn-Ihpw {]mW-i-n-`q-Xh
- p-amb B-`m-h-tmSv XmZm
yw m]n- b v p- t m {_w Cuiz- c - t bpw
a\pjymmhn-tbpw CS-bvp lnc-Wy-K` AYhm
hnizm-m-hmbn Iotgmp hcp-p. EtKz-Z-ns kzm[o-\in ImWmw. hniz-n\v Hcp tNX- \bpw Hcn-m-i-nbpw
Dsv Icp-Xs
- -Sp-p. a\v Ftmgpw ico-c-tm-SpIq-sS-bn-cn-bvp-p. a\-ns hnkvXr-X-]-cn-]mSnI icoc-ns hnkvXr-X. hyh-I
- -tfm-sSm-p-t]m-Ipw. \mw
Pohn-bvp Cu hniz-n\v kz-ambn Hcp a\-pv;
Cu a\v lncWyK`-\m-Wv. Cu hnizmmhns\w_
npff Bibw D]\njpIfn ]e \mafnepw
cq]fnepw ImWmw CXns\ Imcy{_sap ]dbpp.
ImcW{_amb Cuizc\n \nv `namWv Cu

Imcy{_w; krjvSnbvsSp Fm hkvXpfptSbpw

kapbamWv. AJne ImcyfptSbpw tNX\mIamb
kapbw {_w AYhm lncWy K`\mWv. CXp
kmm {_-n \nv kYm `n-a-. {_w
hnip--am-W v, hyn-bm-Wv. AXoh kzm-cq-]a
- m-W v.
GIhpw AZzn-Xo-b-hp-am-W.v Hcp L-n-eXp {kjvSm-hmbn
AXmbXp Cuiz-c-\mbn ImW- s-Spp; asm ka-bpw
AXns\ krjvSn-bmbn AXm-bXp lnc-Wy-K`s cq]n ImWp-p. Cu {_m-hp-IqSn {_-n\n-mWp--hn-bvp--Xv. ""AXp-Xs
- -bmWv {_m-hns Dh-m-\w.'' ka-kvX-hn-j-b-{]-]--tbpw Xmn \nevpXv hnj-bn-bm-Wv. B hnj-bn, hyn cq]n-If
- mb hnjbn-I-sfmw hnebw {]m]np Ign-mepw {]]--c-N\
- bpsS k-ev]-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bn-cnbvpp. \mw Bmhpw
\psS ico-chpw Hm-sWp k-e v] n-bv p-tm
{_w hniz-cq]n AXm-bXv hncm-m-bn-o-cp-p. hncmv
ka-kvX-hp-am-Wv. kq-k--ev]-ns kmc-`q-X-am-W.v
An At-l-ns inc-mWv; kqcy-N-{-m Ip-IfmWv; \mep Znp-Ifpw At- l-ns sNhn-I-fm-W.v Atl-n- -\n-p- Xs D`-hn {]kn--f
- mb thZ hmm-Wv. hmbp {]mW-\m-Wv. kakvX hnizhpw
At-l-ns lrZ-b-am-Wv. At-l-ns ]mZ-fn
\nmWv `qan-bp-m-bXv. hncm-ns icocw `uXn-I]
- Zm-fpsS kwln-X-bm-Wv. hncmv {]Xy--\mb Cuizc-\m-Wv. At-l-ns C{n-b- Znp-If
- m-Wv. Atl-ns icocw ]-`q-X
- -fmWv; At-l-ns tNX\-bm-Is ""Rm k-hp-amWv'' F `mh-\-bm {]Imin-b v p- -X p-a m-W v. hncm-S v] p-cp-j s hnIm-k - n\p
apmbn hniz- {]--sbtm lnc-Wy- K`- s\tm ]d-bp
kq{X-m-hns hnIm-k -ap-m-bn- -gn-n-cn-bv p-p.
kqva-i-co-c--fpsS kwln-X-bm-W-tlns hml-\w.
lnc-Wy-K`\p tij-amWv hncv {]mZp`-hn-bvp--Xv.
hncm-ns cq]-n lnc-Wy-K` {]Xy--\m-Ip-p.
]camk k, Nn, B\w AXm-bXv nXn
tNX\ ]c-a-kpJw Fn-h-bpsS cq]-n-emWv hn-bv]-sn-p--Xv. ""m\w, in, {Inb Ch-bm-WX
- ns
kzcq]w.'' AXp kzbw Imc-W -a mWv. {_w-kpw
Nnkz-cq-]hpw A\--hp-am-W.v ]c-am-k Hcp hnNmc-a; Hcp in-b; Xosc A\m-k-a
- mb _mly-hkvXp-hp-a
- . Fm-eXv ka-kvX-km-c`- q-X-amb XXz-ntbpw Pohn- X -k - - b p- t Sbpw BZi- n- t bpw
bmYmy-n-tbpw m\w, t{]aw, kucyw Ch-bptSbpw kPo-ha
- mb sFIy-amWv. AXv \ntj-[m--Ia
- mb
A\n-n-X-X-Xz-a-s-n-cn-bv nepw app ]d--t]mse
"t\Xn t\Xn' Fv \ntj-[n-p-sImt AXns\ hnbvm-s\m-p-I-bp-p.

Pohm- mhv
koan-X-]-Zm--fn Pohm-m-hn\v AXyp-X
- -bmYmy-ap-spw D]- \n-j- p-I m]n-bvp-p. AXv
]c-{_--a-s-nepw ]c-{_-t- m-tS--hp-a-Spp \nevpp. km-amb Pohm-m-hns\ hniz-ns {]Xn-_n-_w_-sa \ne-bn hn-bvp D]-\n-jZ- zm-Iy--fp-apv. kmw A\-a
- m-bn-o-cm thn {]bm-k-s-Sp

11

I {]{In-b-bmWv Cu AJn-e-hn-izw-Xs. Cu {]p-_v[mh Pohm-m-hnepw ImWp-p. ssXn-co-tbm-]\

- n-jn--\p-k-cn hniz-{_-m-WU
v -ns ]e LS-I-fpw
Pohm-m-hn ImWp-p-v. An-bpw Pehpw ]rYznbpw
A\--k--tbm-Sp-tNmWv Pohm-m-hns\ krjvSn-np--sXp ]d-n-cn-bvp-p.
bYm k-bpsS hnhn-[m-h-I Hp-tN-cp
kt-f-\-m-\-amWv am\-h. {]mW hmbp-hn\pw AXmbXv ico-c-nse izmtkm-zmkw PK-n \nc-cw
hoip Imn-\pw, a\v BIm-i-n\pw AXm-bXv am\h
a\v hniz-nse A-co(Cu-X)-n\w A\-cq-]-fm-bncnp-p. qe-i-co-ca
- m-Is hniz-ns `uXnI-hk
- vXp-t- fmSpw B\p-cq]yw hln-p-p. a\p-jym-mhn\v Pohk--bpsS Fm Ah-I
- -tfmSpw ASn-apSn
_-ap-v. AXn-\p-n Hcp Znhy-X-Xz-ap-v. AXp-sImmWv \mw ]c-am-\w \Ip tNX\ Fp hyh-l-cnp B\-m-h
-bp-m-I-X
- v. AXp-hgn A]q-k`--fn \apv (a-\p-jym-m-hn-\v) {_-tmSv Ghp-a-Sp k-ap-m-Ip-p. koan-X-amb "Alw' Asn ico-c-[m-cn-bmb Poh C{n-b--tfmSpw a\-tmSpw
_np \np Bm-hm-Wv.
hn`n- X - z- An-c- a mb kam-\ -X -t bmsS
hn-bvp-p. ""cp ]n-If
- p-v. Htc Xe-n-ep-h, AXy--an-{X-. Htc hrs B{i-bn-n-cn-bvpp. Ah-bn-s emv a[p-c-a mb ^ew Xnp-s Im- n-cnbvpp. Fm atXv X XnmsX AXv t\mnsm-n-cn-p-p. AtX hr-n-t hniz hr-nt a\p-jy Cuiz-c-t\mSp IqsS Xma-kn-p-p. Xs
Npn ]nSn-n-cn-bvp ti-fpw IjvS--fpw ImcWambn aqn-pp; Xs \n-lm-bm-h--bn ZpxJn-pp. Fm AXv at-Xns\- - m-Wp-tm PK{]-`p-hmb
Xs Iqp-Im-cs\ ImWp-tm B Zhy kn-[n-bn
aXn-a-d-m-m-Znp-p. lm Fsmcp tPymXnv! AtXmsS
Ahs ti- Zqsc-b-I-ep-p.'' {]mIr-X\pw Znhy\pw
Xn nc-amb s]mcpw {]m]np Ign-n-n-. Pohmm-hns k \nc-cw ]cn-Wa
- n-p-sIm-n-cnp-p.
Xm\-m Hns\ {]m]n-m ]nXp-Sp {]b-Xv\np-sIm-n-cn-p-p. a\-jy-\n-ep Pohm-mhv A`n-apJo-I-cn- p--{]-i v\ -amWv \m\m-Xzw. AXn GIXzw
m]n-m A\-m-mhv Pohm-m-hns\ Blzm\w
sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p-p. kmhpw A\- hpw Xn-ep
Cu ]nSn-hen hniz-{]-{In-b-bn-ep-S-\o-f-ap--Xm-W.v AXv am\h-tN-X-\-bn-sen aq\yw {]m]np-p. Ahs PohnX-nse _un-Ihpw sshIm-cn-Ihpw ss\Xn-I-hp-amb
Fm hipw Cu kwLjw A\p-` -h -s - Sp- p.
hynXzw \ntjw hne-bn-np-Ibpw, kms A\-amn ]cn-h\w sNp-Ibpw, am\-hX
- sb Znhy-Xbn apgp-Inbpw sNbvXm am{Xta a\p- -jy\v ]qt{]- a-n-tbpw ]q- kzm- X-{n- tbpw \nXy-k-Xy-
hnf-p Cuizckm{am-Py-n-tebvv {]thiw e`npI-bp-p. Fm-eXv am\-h-cq]w [cnv km-ambn hnp-t-S-tmfw AXn\v ^e-{]m-]X
v n-bp-m-hn-. An-aeyw {]m]nm\pw Ign-bn-. Cu kwLj-n-m-[m-

c-ambn ImW-s-Sp k Xn\np Zqc-tbvv

hncNq-pp; AXp-sImv am\-Po-hn-Xt- bpw AXn{I-anp apI-fn-temv t]mtI-X
- mbn hcp-p. km-amb
Pohm-mhv kzbw-]q-amb k-b-. An-s\bmsWn ]c-am-mhv Pohm-m-hn-\m ]cn-an-X-amb asmcp
kz{-hy-n-bm- bntm-Ipw. Bm-hns bYmXbmWv
A\-w. Hgn-hm-t-p Ab-Ym-X-b-mWv kmw.
A-cym-an-bmb Bm-hns\ ths]-Sp-n-bm km\mb Pohm-mhv Xp- n- ep bYm-X-tbbpw ssIhnp-If
- b
- p-p. A\-
- ns kmn[yw Dn-ep-m-Ip-Xp-sIm-mWv a\p-jym-m-hn\v Db ]Zhn e`n-p-Xv. Pohm-mhv Dm-Ip-Xpw \ne-\n-m Ign-bp-Xpw
hniz Pohn-X-n\n-m-Wv. Bmhv ]q-amWv. (Sub
Specie acternitztis) Bm- Hp asm-ns\ AIse
amp-Ibpw At\ym\yw _ln-jvI-cn-p-Ibpw sNpp
F knm-np Hcp a\x-im-kv{X-XX
- z-ap-v. Cu
_ln-jvIr-Xm-h--bpsS {]Xo-Xn-sIm-p-am{Xw Bmhv
kYm thdnp \npp Fp A\p-am-\n-t-X
- n. ChnsS ]rYzw Hcp Xc-n t`Z-{]oXoXn am{X-amWv. CXns\ kmZr-iy-am-bn-mWv Icp-tX-X
- v. Am-]w CXv tIhew \psS a\-p-I-fpsS A]-Ij-Wambv t]mIpw. thdn-p-\n-p Bm--fpsS k]w
kXyw, \, kvt\lw Fo BZi-v m\w
\Ip-I-bn-. C{]-Imcw a\-jy Cp \ne-bn
]q-\-spw Cp bYm-n-ep Bm-hn-t\m Db GtXm Hp-spw AXns\ {]m]n-pXp a\x-im-nv AXym-h-iy-am-sWpw Hcp ap[m-cW-bp-m- Ip-p. Pohm-m-hns kzX- {-k-sb ]cn-tim[n-m AsXmcp shdpw {`aw am{X-am-sWp \app
a\- n-em-Ipw. kap- Zm-b- n\n--I-m a\p-jy ]nssb-sm-mWv? a\p-jy\v Xn Xs-bp kmam-\y-a\-mWv bmYmyw \Ip- -X.v kzw \ne-bn Ah
as-m-bmepw am\-h\
- m-Ip-n-. hnhn-[-cq-]
- -fn-ep
kapZmbtNX-\sb kw_-n-t-S-tmfw CXv kXy-amsW-n, Hpw Ipd-h-, kmap-Zm-bn-I-X-tb-m IqSp-X
DIr-jvS-amb kmam-\y-a-\
- n-s\-w-_-n-pw! km-fmb a\-p-I aX-nepw aX-n-\p-th-nbpw B[ymn- I-amb Hcp ]q-L-S-Is \nn-p- p-v. Fm
bYm-n-eh
- bvv Ah-km\w t\mp-tm ImWmhp aq-cq-]-an-. Hc-Zr-iy-k-ap-Zm-b-nse AwK-
F \nebvmsX Ahbvp Xnsc bmYmy-hp-an. Npcp--n ]d-bmw, A-cym-an-bmb Bm-hns\
Hgn- p-a m- n-bm ]ns aX-n\p thsd Bm-
_mn-bp- m-hn-.
hyn-bmb Pohm-mhv Xmgv Xc-ns] PU{]-Ir-Xn-tbmSv a-cnp temI-n D-X-\mbn \npp-s-nepw A\p-`-h-tbm-Ky--fmb D-X-h-kvXp--fn
kap-X
- -\-. \nc-cw {]b-Xv\np-Xpw Fm kzct-bn-m-p-amb a\p-jym-mhv Xs B-kzm-X{yhpw ka-c-kX km[n-m-ep BmZhpw B\-k
- zcq-]a
- mb {_m-\--ck
- hpw Bn-t-X
- p-v. a\pjys Df-fn-ep Cuiz-c Xs-m Xncn- -dn- bp- tm
am{X-ta, BZiw AXns ^e-{]m-]vXn-bn-se-p-tmtg

12

I a\p-jy\p Xs ]c-ae- -ys ]q-am-m Ign-bq.

a-c-fpw At\ym- \y-hn- tcm-[fpw Pohn-X-nse hntcm[m-`m-k-fpw A]q-amb hnImkns e-W
- fm-Wv. AXn-s-Xn-cmbn ]c-kv]c
- -sm-cp-hpw ktmjhpw imnbpw hnIm-k-{]-{Inb ]q-am-sb-X
- n\p
sXfn- hm-Ip-p. Pohm-m-hp- X-s- bmWv bp-t-{Xw. AhnsS--s-bmWv acw \S-p-X
- v. BZiw ]q-amIp-hm bpw Ah-km-\n-bvWw; hntcm-[--fn\n-pmb thZ\ ian-p-Ibpw thWw. Atmtg ]qn-sbnb a\p-jy-\n Bcw-`n-p Cuiz-cs\ {]m]nm\p {]h-WXbvv XnIpw ^e-{]m-]vXn-bp-m-hq. PKnse asm hkvXp--tf-mfpw Db-h\
- mWv a\pjy. A\--tmSp tN Hm-Ip-tm-gmWv Ahs
]c-a-eyw \nd-th-dp-I. {]Ir-Xn-bn Poh-in Hfn-ncn-p-v. PohnXw hnI-knp-tm {]Ir-Xn-bpsS ]c-aeyw \nd-th-dp-p. Poh-in Xn tNX-\sb Hfnnp kqn-pp; AXp tNX-\sb XnIpw tamNnnp Ign-bp-tm Pohs eyhpw ]q-am-Ipp.
{]bpWp {]XyamhptmgmWv tNX\bpsS
eyw ]qoIcnpXv. DXamb Ai\
nsen apgpIptm {]-bpsS kXyw kwkn-am-Ip-p. B Ai-\-am-Is hnNm-ctam hnIm-ctam
Ctbm A; hnNmc-ns eyhpw C-bpsS {]m]ym-\hpw hnIm-c
- ns ]q-X-bp-am-Wv. km-amb
Pohm-mhv ]c-am-m-hns\ Xms\-p-\n-n-d-n-h-pthm
B ]c-{_-s {]m-]np-tm Bo-b-Po-hn-Xhpw
eyw {]m]n-p-p. ""m\n-bmb Hcp a\p-jy\v Pohmmhv k-kz-hp-am-Ip-p. Cu sFIyw Hcn- IpI-gn Bv ]noSv ZpxJ-sav? IjvS-sav?''

D]-\n-j -p-I-fnse [-i mkv{ Xw

PKv ]pd-s-p-h-cp-Xv ]c-am--m-hn \nm-Wv.
AXp-sImp Ahn- sS- s hn{i-am\w Is- -Ww.
{]]-{]{Inbbnem-Zyw km-\
- -f-\--am-m \Sp ]cn-{iaw \mw ImWp-p. _mn-bp CX-ck
- mwkm-cnI hkvXp--sf- tm-se-s a\p-jy Xn A\-ns k-ap-s--dnv ktm-- X-\mb ]cam
mhns\ {Klnbvm ssI \opp. Fm ]nIfpw
XfpsS Bhmkhrntebv v ]dp t]mIpw
t]mse Cu PKmsI B ]c-am-m-hn-tebvv t]mIp
p ""Rm An-cn-bn-p--t]m-se-s A-bn
{]th-in-bvstbm? {]t`m As-n {]-th-inbvp
Rm ]hn-{X\pw ip-\p-am-Is
- , {]t`m'' ""Av Fs
hn{i-a-m-\a
- m-Wv.'' Cuiz-c-t\mSv sFIyw {]m]n-emWv
a\p-jys BZiw. {]]--nse Fm hkvXp-fpw
A\-s Xnc- bp-I-bmWv; Fm a\p- jy-\p- am-{Xta ]ca-e-y-s-p-dnp [mc-Wb
- p-p CXp Xs-bmWv a\pjy-tN-X-\bpw ap {]m]-n-I-]-Zm--fp-am-bn-p A-cw. bpK-bp-Km--c-f
- mbn \S-p hnIm-k-]c
- n-Wm-ap tij-amWv a\p-jy\v al-mb hnjz-]--Xn-sbp-dnv t_m[-apmbXv. A\-
- ns Blzm-\-sf
Adn-bm Aht\ Ign-bq. Ah Xs-m-n-cn-bvp
kzo- b-]- Z-hn-bn- tebvp t_m[-]qw k-cn-bvp-Ibpw
sNp-p. ]c-{_w km-\mb Pohm-m-hn\p sNs

m\p \nnX-e-y-am-Wv.

CXv A-Xyw D-Xhpw ]q-hp-amWv Ghp-a[

- nIw
Bimkyamb BZi-am-Wv. Cmcyw ]e-hn- [-nepw
{]Xn-]m-Zn--s - n- pv . ""AXv hni-n\npw Zmln\npw k-S-n\npw ]cn-{`-a-n \npw
hm-Iy-n\n-pw arXyp-hn\npw tatebm-Wv.''
""hniz-N- p- mb kqcy AXyw Zqcp nXn
sNpp; Ip-Ip-m-Ip tcmK--sfmpw _m[nbv
- p-an-. AXp t]mse-s AJn-e-{]m-W-nI-fnepw
IpSn-sIm-p Cu GIm-mhv Fm-n\npw AIp
kwkm-c- Zpx-J--sfmpw hym]n-bvmsX \nn-]X
v -\mbn
\ne-sIm-p-p. \m\m-Xz-{]-]--n Pohn-bvp, Hcp
p{Zm-m-hn\v k-kzhpw ]W-b-s-Sp-p-I, tcmKpw IjvSm-\p-`-h-pw hnt[-b-\mbn hnpI, CsXms Xo-bmbpw \n`m-Ky-am-W.v km kbn-tep \bn-p Imc-W-sf Hgn-hm-pI a\p-jys
km[m-c-W-amb Dt-iy-am-Wv. \m\m-Xz-n \np GIXz-n-tep aS-n-hc
- nI Hcm-Zi-e-y-amWv; AXv ]ca-{]-[m-\h
- p-am-Wv. AXp a\p-jymsI kwXr-]vXn-bp-fhm-p- p. ssXn-co-tbm-] -\n-j-n-\
- p-k-c nv AXv
v""{]mWm-cmaw a\ B\w imn-k-arw AarX''amWv.
""Poh\pw a\-n\w ktm-j-hpw, imn-bp-tS-bpw, \nXyX-bp-tSbpw ]q-X-bp-am-W.v \mw sImXnp ]nXp-SpsIm-n-cn-p XmWXcw ey- PohnX ico-ctbpw am\-kn-I-amb B{K-l--sfbpw Xr]vXn-s-Sp-nsbp hcmw. Fm AsXmw CXn-eps-Spp; CXv
Ahsb AXn-ib
- np \np-p. \psS apn PohnX-nse hn`n--\n-e-I-\p-tbm-Py-amb ]e-Xcw kpJ-fp-apv; Poh-\i
- n \Ip kpJw, C{n-bm-\p-`-hP-\y-amb kpJw, am\-kn-I-kp-Jw, _pn-]c
- -amb kpJw
Ans\ ]e-Xpw. Fm Fm-nepw shv D-Xhpw
DIr-jvS-hp-amb kpJw "B\w' X-bm-W.v ''
kZm-Nm-c-Po-hn-X-s-n N XpS-cp--Xn-\p-ap-mbn
D]-\n- -jp-I-fnse Zi-\-]--Xn-bn kZm-Nm-c-\n-b-a-
Dm-Im-sa A`n-{]m-b-n-s-Xn-cmbn D-bn-bvp
Bt-]--sf-p-dnp hnNmcw sNbvXp-t\mmw. Fmw
Hm-sW-n kZm-Nm-c-]c
- -amb _- Fn-s\-bmWp-m-hpI Fsmcp tNmZyw s]mn-hc
- m-dp-v. ]c{_w ]q-am-sW-n ]noSv AXns\ {]m]n-bvm\p {]b-X\
v
- ns Bh-iyw-X-s-bptm? H-s-Sepw
]c-kv]-c-t`-Zhpw a\p-jy-Po-hn-X--fn auen-I-am-bn-p-sn ]ns \tmSv Abm-cs\ kvt\ln-bvm\pw
kvt\l-m kwkm-c-ns sFIyw t\Sm\pw ]d-bp-Xn-\an FmWv D]-\n-j
- p-I Nqn-m-p-Xv. Abm-cs\ kvt\ln-m \tmSv I]n-- -p
psneXv Fmw Xs Hscm bYm-k--bn
nXn-sN-p--Xp-sIm-m-W.v _mlyhpw An-c-hp-amb
hyXy-kvX-XIsf AXnhn-m Rm\pw Fs Ab
m-c\pw A-cm-m-hn Hp Xs-bm-Wv. ]q-ambp
\nXy-ambpw hnip-\pw _e- hm-\p-amb bmm-mhv tZiIm-em- Sn-m-\-n \S-p ]cn-h-\--fn \npw
tZi-Im- e--fn m\w- ]n-Sn-n-cn- p as-m-n \npw
AXo-X-\p-am-Wv. \mw kzw Pohn-X
- nepw A\ycpsS

13

I Pohn-X-nepw GI-`mhw ImWpI FmWv XnI \tbm-Sp-IqSn Pohn-bvpI F-Xns Xm]cyw. km-\mb
Bmhv AXns kp-Nn-X-amb hyn-Xzs AXnhnp ]q-tmSp XmZmyw {]m]n-p-tmtg a\pjys [mn-Ik
- z-`mhw Ftmgpw sImXn-p-sIm- n-cnp Cu BZiw \nd-th-m Ign-bq. tam-amw
Btm--Xn-bpsS amK-amWv; \mw kzw hyn-Xzs
AXn-hnv sNsn hn{iaw sImp bYm-k- bmWv AXyp--k- . B bYm k- sb-bmWv D]\n- j-p-I Dun- -d-bp-- X.v
a\p-jy-\n Cuiz-c-\p-sp ]d-bp--Xp-sImp
am{Xw Fm ]pcp-j-{]-b-Xv\
- pw kam-]vXn-bmbn
Fw hcp-n-. Cuiz-c a\p-jy-\n-ep-sp Xobm-Wv. ]t, a\p-jy\v A\-h-[m-\X
- t- bmSpw ]pcp-j-{]b-Xv\hpw kwLjhpw IqSm-sX-bpw, ssIh-is
- -Spn
\nm ]p hn[w {]Xy--cq-]
- n-e Cuiz-c
a\p-jy-\n kmn[yw sImp-Xv; iIy-X-bpsS AYhm
kw`m-hy- X-bpsS \ne- m-Wv. in-sImpw {Inb-sImpw
Cuiz-cs\ ]nSn-s-Sp-t-Xv a\p-jys I-hy-am-Wv.
AXp sNm Ign-bn-s-n a\p-jy-s\ \nev Ihy-NypXn hcp-p. a\p-jys Dn-ep Cuiz-c Hcp
kXy-kw-`h-sa t]mse-s Hcp Npa-X-e-bp-am-W.v Hcp
{]iv\-hp-amWv; Hcp ssIap-Xe
- p-am-Wv. a\p-jy Xs
Am-\-m `uXn-Ihpw am\-kn-Ih
- p-amb _mlym-hc-W--tfm-Sp-IqSn XmZmyw m]np-p. ]q-Xsb
{]m]nm-\p C Ahs km-X-tbmSv AYhm ]cnan-XntbmSv a-cnp-p. ""Pohm-mhv Znhy kv^penw-K-fm {]Im-inp-p-s-nepw AXv ]q-ambpw Znhya-. At-l-ns ssZho-IX bYm-a-. ]q-Xsb
{]m]n-bvm D-tS-b
- p Hco-iz-cmwiw am{X-am-W-X.v
Cp \ne-bn-eXv aX-cnbpw tZh-X-bp-amWv; ]Xnbpw
(Cu-iz-c) ]iphpw tNp-m-bXm-Wv. A\-oiz-c-XXzs Cmbva sNemWv [-im-kv{X-ns NpaXe; AXns\ \in-n-p-sIm-; ssZhoI in-sIm-Xns\ ]qcn-n-p-sImv.'' {]Ir-XnbpsS km-amb
ss]Xr-I-n-t bpw B-k --bpsS A\---fmb
BZi-f
- p-tSbpw CSbvv \np sshcpyamWv
a\p-jy. Ah\v {]Ir-Xn-bp-sS -hn-irw-J-e- X-Xz-sf Cuizc-k--bn-tebvv Xmgvn-sm-p-hv Xs Pohn-Xeyw km[nm {]b-Xv\n-t--Xm-bn- p- v. Xs eLp
Pohn-Xs aqSnb HmSv s]mnv t{]a-n-ep-cpIn Znhymm-hn-t\mSp tNsm-m-bn-o-cp-I-bmWv a\p-jys
e yw. km - n- t bpw A \- - n- t - b p- a n- S v
kwLj-kz-cq-]a
- mbpw, ssZho Bkpco XXz-n-Sbn kw{Km-ak
- z-cq-]-ambpw hn-p a\pjy PohnXs kw_-n-t-S-tmfw [-im-kv{X-kw-_--amb
{]iv\-v AXyw {]m[m-\y-apv. kwLj-n\p
thn P\n-h
- \
- mWv a\p-jy. FXn-\p-`-h-s-Sp-X
- phsc Ah\v B-Zi\w e`np-Ib
- n-.
B-k m- mm-c -a mWv [-i m-k v{ X- ns
BZiw. B-m-\-]qI-amb kz`m-h-amWv kZm-Nmc-kz-`m-hw. Bm-sh--Xn\v Fm-cw Zu-eyhpw
kwkvm-c-l m-\ n-b p-a p-, kzm-io-e hpw eLp-X z-

hpap, C{n-bm-\p-`-hw-sIm-p "Rm' F Xm]cy-sa-n, hyn-]c

- -amb kzm-ns Fm-Xcw _-\
- -fn \npw ap-\mb a\p-jy-s AKm-[k
- z-cq]-amWv Dn-jvSm-sa-n ap]-d hymJym\w icnbm-W.v arKo-bm-m-hns hmk-\-Ifpw hnIm-c--fpw, Alm-c-ns Pohn-X-hym-]vXnsb Npcp-p-p. AXp-sIm-hsb \ntcm-[np \nt--Xp-v. Bm-hns DXnbvpw AXyp--X-k--bpsS kmmm-c-n\pw
thn XS---tfbpw FXn-cmb kzm[n-\-i-n-I-tfbpw
HXpn \nt- n- b n- cn- p- p. [mnI PohnXw
m\m--Ihpw X-kw-K-X-hp-am-Wv. AXp tIhew
kl-P-hm-k-\-I- fp-tSbpw C{n-bm-\p-`-h--fp-tSbpw PohnX-a
- . ""Bm-hns\ ico-c-am-Ip cY-n nXn-sNp bP-am-\\
- m-b-dn-bp-I, _pnsb tXcm-fn-bmbpw a\ns\ ISn-m-Wm-bpw, C{n-b-sf IpXn-c-I-fm-bpw, C{nb-hn-j-b-sf cY-ho-Yn-I-fmbpw Adn-p-sIm-p-I. C{nb-fpw a\pw tN Pnh-m-hns\ hnth-Ii
- m-en-I
t`mm-shp ]d-bp-p Fm Zp-e\pw hnth-I-iq\y-\p-amb hyn-bpsS C{n-b- Ah-sm-Xp-n-\nevp-n-. Ahs C{n-b- tXcm-fn-bpsS hnd-fn-pXn-c-I-sf-tmse \nb-{Ww hntm-Sp-p. hnth-Inbpw ZrVNn--\p-amb hy-nbpsS C{n-b- tXcm-fn-bpsS A\pk-c-W-i o-e-cmb IpXn-cI
- -sf-tmse kp\n-b -{- -fm-bn-cnbvpp. m\-lo-\\pw hnNm-c-iq-\y\pw A]-hn-{X-\pam-b-h Hcn-epw Aar-XXzw {]m]np-I-bn; A`u-XnIm-h--bnepw Fp-I-bn-. Ah hopw hopw P\\- a - c - W - N - { I- - f n IpSp- n- - d - p- p. Fm
m\nbpw hnth-I-im-enbpw ]cn-ip--\p-am-b-h hopw
P\-\-a-cW
- -N-{I-n-tep aS-n-h-cm kpc-n-Xm-hsb {]m]n-p-p.'' B{K-l
- -fpsS ISn-m-Wn-m
Hms XSp-t--Xp-v. Npm ]nSnp-Xv B{K-l-fm-sW-n Bm-hn I s]mfn-Xv Xo! a\pjy-Po-hn-X-ns [w AX-s-Xp Xs Imc-Ww.
X-bpn \nt-inp BZis \mwkzo-I-cnpn-s-n, IqSp-X Db-X-c-n-ep Hcp [mn-I\n-b-as ssIsm-p-n-s-n, \psS PohnXw
ey-ln-\hpw Dt-iy-c-ln-X-hp-amb arK-Po-hn-X-n\v Xpeyam-bn-tm-Ipw. kvt\lnpw shdp-pw, Dt-iyhpw ImcWhpw IqSmsX ]c-kv]cw Bt-jnpw Ipn-smpw
A\n-b-X-ambn Xncp ]nSn PohnXw \bn-p-sIm-n-cnbv pw. kptJm-]-t`m-K-n-ep cks Fm-n\pw
eyam-bn--W
- m-p--]w \psS PohnXw a\ptjym-Nn-Xa
-
- m hn[-n [-Nyp-Xa
- mbn Zpjnp
t]mIp-p. arK- X-fpsS kl-P-hm-k-\I
- sf D]tbm-Knp coXn-bn Xs-bmWv a\p-jy _pn-bps Imc-W-m am{Xw arK-kz-`m-h-n \np Hpw
Db-cp-n. euIn-I- ]Zm-sf tZh-X-If
- mbn KWnp-Xpw Bcm-[n-p-Xpw Zpcm-Nm-cn-If
- m-Wv. ""Ctm
hntcm-N\
- Xs Nn-bpsS ]cn-Wm-a
- n kwXr-]vX\m-bn. Akp-c-m-cpsS ASp-p tNv Ahp-]-tZiw
\evIm XpS-n. tIhew ico-c[mcn-bmb Bm-hn-s\bmWv ]qPntXv. AXn-s\--s-bmWv tkhnt-Xv. ico-cs ]qPnpw AXns tkh-\
- n apgp-Inbpw

14

I Ign-bp--h\v Cl-tem-Ihpw ]c-tem-Ihpw cpw {]m]vX-

\pw-Xs AXp \app Fn-p-Xc

- m-\m-hn-. \mw kmam-Ip-p. AXp-sImv Zm\w sNm--h\pw Cuiz-c-hn- h-k vXp-sf tXSp-p; Ah \app e`n-p-p-ap-v.
izm-k-an-m--h\pw bw A\-jvTn-bvm--h-\p-amb Fm Ah-bn kr-]vXn-bn-, AJn-e-hn-iz-sbpw
Hcp a\p-jys\ Ah Ctmgpw Akp-c-s\p ]d-bp- \mw B{I-anp Iog-SnFp hcmw; Atmgpw Iog-S-mp. ImcWw CsXmw Akp-c-m-cpsS knm--am-Wv.'' \mbn C\nbpw hniz--fp-m-bn-tm Fv tJZnv s\SpC-s\-bmWv \psS PohnXw \bn-bv-s-Sp-s
- X-n honSpw. ""Ah FhnsS Fn-tmepw Ahn-Spp
AXv \njv^-e--fmb Bi-Ipw `b-pw hnt[- Apdw t]mIm- \ m- { K- l n- p- p. BI- i - p- X s
b-a m- b n- cn- b v pw. ""hnth- I -] q-a mb Pohn- X - n sNsn Fp- shpI Ahn-Sppw At- p-d-tbvv
sFIyhpw kmwK-Xyhpw kv]jvS-ambn ImWm Ign-bpw. t]mIm sImXnpw'' \-fn A[n-I]
- w Bfp-Ifpw
a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-ns hnhn-[-`m-K
- fpw {Ia-_--am-bn-cn- ""[\-k--ns am-n-emWv Ncn-bvp--Xv. Fm-embvpw. Hcp--Xm-Zis A`n-hy-RvPn-n-p--Xp-am-bn-cn- h-gn-bnshv ]ecpw \in-p-t]m-Ip-p.''C{n-b-hn-j-b-bvpw. Xbp-n- bpsS kYm-\v C{n- b- - fmWv \s fpsS Zmkyw hln-p-sImpw _mly-k--p-I-tfmSv Hn\bn-p-I-sb-n hnIm-c
- fpw hmk-\I
- fpw An-ca
- - bn-cppw \mw kXym-m-hns\ ImWmsX t]mIp-p. ""[\t\m-hr-n-Ifpw am{Xw {]Xn-^-en-n-bvp Hcp ImSn m-sem-cp-\pw kpJn-X-\m-Im Ign-bn-.'' ""[\-tam-lam{X-am-bn-cnbvpw \psS Pohn-X w. ]c-kv]c
- -_--an- m aqV-\mb bphm-hns ZrjvSn-bn ]c-temI Nn
m NnX-dnb kw`-h--fpsS Hcp Ne am{X-amb DZn-bvp-t-bn-. "CXp-X-s-bmWv temIw, asmcp temIPohnXw sImv Hcp {]tbm-P\
- h
- p-an-. AXn\v \nln- an' Fh Nnnp- p. C-s \-b -h hopw
bv m Hcp Imcy-hp-an-. t\Sm-s \mcp ey-hp-an- . hopw arXyp-hns ]nSn-bn s]Sp-p.'' ""Aar-XX
- z-sahnthI ]q-amb Hcp Pohn-X
- n- Hmtcm I-]c
- n- s--dn-bp m\n-I Ch-nsS-bp A\n-Xy-h-kvXp]m-Snbpw AwKo-I -cn-s -Sp--X n\p apv BZy-ambn -fn \nXy-h-kvXpsh tXSp-n'' Cuiz-c-\n\n-p-hnXbpnbpsS tImSXn apmsI sIm-p-hcpw; D- tbmKw {]m]n a\p-jy ITn-\-Zpx-J-a-\p-`-hn-p-p, CuizX-eyw {]m]n-bvm AXn\v Ign-hptm Fv ]cn- c- t\m- Sp tN-sIm--msX asmp sImpw Ahs
tim-[npw DNn-X-am-sWv Im Pohm-m-hns\ kzoI- lrZ-b-ns hnip ianp-I-bn-. BZi-kp--chpw
cnbvpw''
If-t- a-im-hn[w ]hn-{Xhpamb Hcp ksb {]m]ntemI-tmSp \nkzm-`-n-bp Pohn-Xw-X-s- m thn-bp Bm-hns AXn-c B{K-l-sf
bmWv hnth-I-]q-amb Pohn-Xw. Pohm-mhv ]c-am-m- tZi-Im-em-h-[n-bp-Xpw C{n-b- _---fp-amb ]Zm-hns Awiw am{X-am-sWpw ]c-am-m-hns Imcy-sam- sf-smp \nd-th-m-\m-hn-, A\y-k-tbmSp t{]agnv Pohm-m-hn\v bmsXmcp kzm-Xm]-cy-hp-an- n-eqsS Hcp ]c-a-tbm-K y-k -sb {]m]n-bv m-\ p
spw X-_pn \s D]-tZ-in-p-p. C{n-bm-\p-`- BZiw Is- m B{K-lnp--h ]e-cp-ap- v.
h-tm-Sp-IqSnb thdn Pohn-Xa
- p-s hnNmcw Ah Fm B A\-\y-k tZi-Im-em-h-[n-I-fp a\p-jymssIsbm- gn-mam-{Xta `mKy-n-tbpw Nm]-ey- ntbpw m- hm-Ip-t- S-tmfw Ah-cpsS BZiw Hcn-epw {]m]n- -p-n kv{Xobm_-\-n \n-h apn t\Sp-Ib
- p-p. Pohm-mhv m Ign-bn-, asmcp am\-hk
Inepw
]pcpj
\
mI
nepw
kucy-n-tbpw t{]a-nkzm-Imcy sNbvXpsNbvXv HSp-hn Xm kzbw
tbpw
]qc
q]w
Xncb
p
Xv
Xs-m hn-e
- mDm-nb IpSp-ns-p-t]m-Ip-p. hopw hym]-I-amb
Ipw.
]qX
b
psS
kmmmcw
\nXy
nte
km[yhnizm--Po-hn-X-n A[n-Imcw Ah-Im-is
- -Sm-dm-Ip-Xp-h sc AtX-] Sn _- -\ n InS-t - n-h -cp- p. am-Iq. CXn-m-It kwkm-c-n \npw kmwkm-cn-I-[Ccw klm-\ p-` q-X n-b psS amw Fm-hp-a mbn \-k--p-I-fn\npw _-apn Bh-iy-am-Wv. {]]Xpdp shn-cn-bvpp; AXv B-hn-kvar-Xn-bn-tev -ssh-cm-Ky-n -Zpx-Jt- am-N\w t\Sn-bn-cp--h BZyImew apXt-bp-v. ]p{X-I-f-{Xm-Zn-I-tfbpw mh-c-Pw\bn-p--Xp-amWv''
K-a-h-kvXp--tf-bp-ap-t]-nv `nmw-tZ-ln-I-fmbn \nkz""A\w B\--a-b-amWv; km-]-Zm--fn B\X-bnepw Pohn-Xip-n-bnepw tamw t\Sm-sa B{K-l-an-.'' bm-hIy k-kzhp-ap-t]-np ImntmsS Krl--fn \nn-d-n-n-cn--h [mcm-fap-mtebvp ]pd-s-Sp ka-bp Xs kp apgph
bn-cp- p. Krl--Po-hn-X-tm-Sp _--f-dp-n-d-nb
]Xv\n-am-cmb ImXym-b-\npw ssat{X-bnpw `mKn-p- sImCu X]-kzn-k-ap-Zm-b-amWv _u-cpsS {ia-W{- ]-m-\Sp-m-s\m-cp-n. ssat{X-bnv Xms\p sN-W-sap
n\v hgn sXfn-bn--Xv. XymK-]q-amb PohnXw tamtXmn-bn-. Ah Xs Kmly kma-{K-ln-In-Sn-\p apJy-am-ambn AwKo-Icnbvs-p.
bn-en-cpp AXy--Zpx-Jt- msS ]pdsa Imn-tebvp
D]-\n-j
- p- kZm-Nm-c-Po-hn-X-ns B`y-c
t\mm XpS-n. A-h Dt-iy-c-ln-X-ambn hn{i-a-anmsX _-sp tPmen-sN-bvXp-sIm-n-cp Hcp km[p- kz`m-h--fn \njvj sNep-m\pw BNm-c-n-s
a-\p-jys\ Ipsd KpW-tZm-jn-p. km-]-Zm-sf D]- t{]cI kz`m-h-n\v AXyw {]m[m\yw Iev]nm-\p- m-bn. ]pdsa ImWp B\p-cq-]y-s-mfpw BI-c-W-am-n-smp \msa-s-n-ep-samv km[nm an-Sb
- p-I "tamn{ian-m AXns hn]-co-X-^e
- -am-Wp-m-hpI, \psS c-amb ]cn-ip-n-bmWv {][m-\w. D]-\n-j
A-cm- mhv bYm-k- r- ]X
v n-p-thn sImXn-p-sIm- -cpXv' "sIm-cpXv' Fp am{X-a ]d-bp--X.v ""Zqsc ]nSn- pXv t{Im[-n\pw Zphnn-cnpp; Fm A\--n\np \yq\-amb Hn- bv-cpXv'' ""Bscbpw shdp-c

15

I Im-c-pw Zpcm-{K-l-pw hio-`q-X-\m-I-cpXv'' Fpw

{]Jym-]n-bvp-p-v. a\-mZyw ]cn-ip-a
- m-Ww; th
An-s\- s\nn hr-ns Ce-I am{Xw apdnp-I-f-b p--X p-sImp t{]mP-\-sam- p-a n-. BN-c-W ns ta \n-bnp-Xv hnj-bnsb kw_-n
(A[n-Im-cn-IX
- ) tbmKy-Xbpw XymK-ns am{Xbpw ]cnK-Wn-m-W.v
ka-kvX-hn-izhpw a\p-jym-m-hn-s\-tm-se-s ]cam- m-h n \nv D-h n-X
- mbn \mw a\- n-em--WsamWv D]-\n-j
- p- A\p-im-kn-p-X
- .v t{]a-kzcq-]-\m-Wo-iz-c. Cuiz-cs\ kvt\ln-pI B\--am-Wv,
Cuiz-c-t\mSp t{]a-an-m-Xn-cn-pI ZpxJ-ImcW-am-Wv. ]cam-m-hn-t\m-Sp t{]a-m m\hpw Aa-c-Xzhpw
knn-bvp-p. Cuiz-c-t\m-Sv t{]a-an-m-Xn-cp-m kwib-{`aw ZpxJw arXyp Ch-bv n-cb
- m-bn-o-cp-p. Fm
bYm-aX-fnepw ktm--X-amb Cu Bibw
ImWmw. ""F\n-s-Xn-cmbn ]m]w sNp-h
- kzw
Bm-hn-s-Xn-cmbn sXp sNp-p. Fs shdpp-h-scmw arXypsh kvt\ln-p-p.'' ]m]n-bmb a\p-jy
B-Lm-Xn-bm-Wv. A-c
- msc ""B-lt\m P\mx''
FmWv D]-\n-j-p-I hnfnp-X
- v.
kzm-amb Fm {]b-X\
v --tfbpw XyPn-m D]\n-j-p-I \s t{]cn-np-p. Fm Fm Xm]cy-fpw Dt]-n-t--Xn-. Alw-`m-h-n \n-Ip
\nm\pw Cuiz-c-t\mSp kwbp-c
- mbn \nm-\pamWv D]-\n-j-p-I Bh-iy-s-Sp-Xv. Hcm-Zi-b-Xnv
B{K-l--fp-mIpw; Ah kzm-]-c-am-hn-s-t-bp-p.
""C-bn-m--h-\pw, C-bn \nv AXo-X-\pw, Cm]qn-h
- h
- \
- pw, Bm-hns\ Cn-p-h
- \pw {_am- bn-cp- p-sIm-p-Xs {_s {]m]np-p.'' \tmSv
Dt]-n-bvm ]d-bp Imaw bYm-n C-b-.
AXv tIhew arK-k-l-P-amb B{K-l-am-Wv, Ima-hm-k-\bmWv; arK-cq-]-\mb a\p-jys C{n-bm-tem-ep-]-X-bm-Wv.
Ima-n \np kzmX{yw t\Sm\pw imkv{X- D]tZ-in-bvp-p. ]t CXp shdpw \njv{In-b-X-bm-hn-.
Ima-n-t-bpw- Zp-cm-{Kln-tbpw \njvTpcim-k-\-n
\npw _mly-h-kv X p- -fpsS BIj-I -tim-` -I -fn
\npw apn t\Sm kl-P-hm-k-\m-P-\y-amb D-Sm`n-em---fpsS kqnbn \npw apn t\Sm
\tm-S-\p-im-kn-p-p-v. bYm-amb Csb \ntcm[n-n-n-. AsXmw hnj-bs B{ibn-n-cn-p-p. Hcp
a\p-jys sImXn amwk-ku--cy-n-se-n Ah hy`nNm-cn-bm-bn-ocpw; kp-c-h-kvXp--fn-em-Wm-{K-l-sa-n
Ah Iem-Im-c-\mbncnpw; Cuiz-c-\n-em-sW-n Ejnbm-bn-o-cpw. tam-nepw m\-n-ep-ap B{K-ln\p {]map Jyw Iev]n-n- cnp-p. C-Isf kXy-sapw
anYysb pw cmbn Xcw-Xn-cn-n-cn-bvp-p. \tmSv
ktXy--If
- n ]p-tN-cm Bh-iy-s-Sp-p. Hcp \NntI-X
- ns ]nXr-`-nbpw [-\n-jvTbpw Hcp kmhn{Xn-bpsS Zr-Vt- {]-ahpw ]Xn `nbpw Zqj-Wa
- -. krjvSnIm-hns "Ima'n\p C-sb-m-Ww. ""Rm
At\-I--fm-bn-o-cs F-h B{K-lnp (A-Im-ab
- X)'' ]c-ta-iz-c\pw Cn-p-p-sh-n \ap-s-p-sIm--

`n-am-\w, tcmjw, Ima-hm-k\ apX-emb hnIm-c

- sf Hgnbvm \tmSv \nt-in-n-p-v. Fm t{]a-ns
tIma-fh
- n-Im-c--fmb ka-kvt\-lhpw A\p-I-bpw Hgnhm--W-sap ]d-n-n-. B-km-mm-c-n- \mbn
X]-p-sN--W-sav D]-\n-j-p--fn-e
- n-mbn \nti- ImWm-sa- Xv icn-bm- W.v Fm X]-n\p Bi-n-bpsS hnIm-kw, ico-c-Zm-ky-n\nv Bm-hns
tamN-\w, a\-ns Kw`o-cN
- n-, a\-ns\ kzbw iam-pI Fsm-am-Ww; ""bmsXm-cm-fpsS X]p
m\-a-b-am-sW- n'' PohnXw Hcp atlm--h-am-Wv. AXntep bn-s--h-cmWv \msa-mw. AhnsS \apv
X]tm B-Xym-Ktam Zm\tam HuZm-cytam Bhtam kXy-amb hyh-lm-ctam Alnw-ktbm ap--hsc
thZ-\n-n-m-Xn-cn-tem kXy-h-N-\tam {]Zin-n-mw.
X]v As-n XymKw-sImv tZymXn-n--s-Sp-Xv
\nc-t]--`m-h-am-Wv. ""Iw sImtm k-Xn-sImtm
k-p-sImtm A XymKw- sIm-mWv Aa- cXzw {]m]nm Ign-bp-Xv'' Omtm-tKym-]-\n-j-n ""{im X]''
{i-XsbmWv X]-sp ]d-n-cn-p-p. _mly-]Zm--fpsS _-tam-N-\-n-\mbn Hcm h\m-c
- nse GIm--X-bn-te-smpw t]mtI--Xn-. kmwkmcn-I-]-Zm--fp-am-bp Ah-in-jvS_w s]s--dpp-I-f-bm thn GIm--hm-k-n\p in-Iq-p-Itbm
X]-p-sN-p-Itbm th-Xn-. ""XymK-tm-Sp-IqSn A\p`-hnpsImpI'' (tX\ Xyt\ `pRvPo-Ymx) Fp
Cutim-]\
- n-j-n ]d-n-p-v. Cu kmwkm-cn-Ia
- mb
[\-k--p-I-fp-tSbpw kma-{K-nI-fp-tSbpw A\-Im-cnbmb `mcw-sImp \mw Ip\n--a-cm-sX-bm-bmte \ap-oP-K-n-se-B-\--am-kz-Zn-m Ign-bq. tem`-n\pw Zpcm{K-l
- n\pw \mw Xotc m\w \Im-Xn-cnp ]w
\apo temI-n cmPm-
- m-sc-tmse hmgmw. \psS- kmw-km-cn-I-amb kpJm-\p-`-hn\p \psS \n\-Xz-hp-ambn {]Xy- -amb A\p-]m-Xa
- p-.v XymK-ns
t`Z-`m-hs
- -D-q-e\w sNpI F A-nepw \nct]- -t{]-a hnI-k n- n-pI F A-nepw,
Fm kXy-a-X--fp-tSbpw kmc-XX
- z-am-W.v

`mc-Xob XXz-hn-Nmcn sshZn-I-Im-e-n-\p-tijw

Hcp ]cn-h-\-ap-m-bn. AY-th-Z
- ne sshcm-KyhmZw Imc-W-ambn cl-ky-hm-Z-{]-m-\-n\p in IqSn.
EtKz-Z
- nse Ep-I-fpsS cN\ \S Imep kpJt`m-K--fpsS Imcy-n kz--X-bp-m-bn-cp-p. a\p-jymm-hns kl-P-amb [mn-I`- m-h\ in-s-p. D]-\njIm-e-am- b-tm C{n-b- -fpsS B{I-a-W- n-s-Xnsc
kv]jvv-S-ambn i_vZa
- p-bp. CSbvnsS B{I-anv D]{Zhw sNp hnj-b-hm-k-\p hg-n-smv Bmhn-n-\nbpw ZpxJnm h Fm-bn. Fm ]nmev icocs Zln-n-pI apX-emb A-k-{-Zm-b tN {`mssh-cm-Ky-n\v hp-s] At[mKXn D]-\n-jIm-ev Cu k-kw-K]
- c
- n-Xym-K
- n\p
t\cn- tS-n-h-n-. _p-a-X-s- tm-se-s `c-Zzm-P\pw
kmwkm-cn-I-Po-hn-X-tbpw sshcm-Ky-tbpw Hcp-t]mse
{]Xn-tj-[n-p-p-v. AXnhn lT-hm-Z-ns ]mc-ayn-se-nb Cu sshcm-Ky-hmZw bYm-Xym-Ks

16

I kqNn-n-p H; AsXmcp {]Im-c-n kzm-]c-Xzw-X-s-bm-sWp \w ]d-bpw. Hcm-fpsS Bhv temInse asm Bm-fpw IqSn-bmepf-f-Xn-t\-
t{ijv T-Xc
- -am-sWp IcpXn GI--tam--n-\p- thn
sNp {ia- Hcn-epw Bm-hns bYm-\-{aX-bpsS {]I-S-\-a-. \mw Iw sNWw; Fm A\mk- - a mbn sNWw FmWv D]- \ n- j - p- I
\njvIjn-p-Xvv. {]]--XymKw sNbvXv hn`P-\
etm k\ym-kn-a-T
- ntem hn{i-an-p--h-\ [mnI kwkm-c-ns Pohnp kmwkm-cn-Ih
- -kvXpsf kvt\ln-p-sImp X\n-bvp-th-n-b-m-sX, Ahbn-e-n-ln-X-amb A\-
- n\p thn, Ah-bn
Kp]vX-am-bn-cnp hn`q-hn-\p-t hn kv t\ln-p-sImv
Ign-bp--h-\mWv [mn-Ia
- \
- p-jy. Abmsf kw_n-t-St- mfw Cuiz-cs alXzw \ncp-]m-[n-I-amWv;
asm ]Zm-pw ]q-X-bn-te-bvp hml-\ AYhm Cuiz-c-\n-te-bvp am- F \nebn kmt]--amb al-Xz-hp-ap-v. A\p-jvTn--s-Sp
Fm I-hy--fpw, hyn-]-c-amb bfpw XymKfpw B-k m- mm- c- n\p klm- b n- p- p.
\app ]nXm-
- m-cm-Imw. Fs-m kp-Nn-X-amb
hyn-Xz-n\np AXo-Xa
- mbn \nm\pw IqSp-X
al-mb Dt-iy-f
- p-ambn kzbw XmZmyw {]m]nm\pap am-am-W-Xv. Znhy t{]a-ns \ng-emWv am\ht{]aw. \app kzw ]Xv\ nsb kvt \ln-b vmw.
Fn\p thn ? Fm hkvXp--fp-tSbpw lrZ-b-n
Pzen-bv p B\- - n\p thn. ""bYm-n
`mhv {]nb-\m-IpXvv `m-hn-\p-th-n-b-. Bmhn-\p-thn BWv `mhv {]nb-\m-Ip--Xv.'' Fp D]\n-jp ]d-bp-p. Cu Imcyw Xs CS-ap-dn-bmsX `mcy,
]p{X-m, cmPy-, {_m-W
- -{Xn-b-Pm-Xn-I, temIhn-`m-K-, tZh-m, kPoh krjvSn-I, hym]-I-amb
hnizw Fo hkvXp-sf Bhn-m-hn-p-Zm-l-cnv
Dd-n-bvp-p. Ah-sbmw Ahbvp thnb \nXyk--bvp-th-n-bmWv Cu kwkm-c-n nXn-sN-p-Xv. kmwkm-cn-I-]-Zm-sf ]m]-n-\p Cc-bm-bn Znhym-\--{]m-]X
v n-p am--fm-bn-mWv krjvSn-np--X v. \psS hoWw bYm-am-bm \app
kp apX-emb sFiz-cy--fp-m-hp-I-bm-bn. ""XtXm
ta {inb-am-hl'' (A-Xn-\p-tijw F\nbvv [\w sImp
hcp). kwkvIm-cl
- o-\\v [\w Hcp Xn-bmWv; Fm
hnth-In-bv-n-s\-b Fp i-c \nt-inp-p.
{]Xy--n AssZ-hn-I-am-b n-tm-p {]m]-nI
hkvXp- [mn-I-\mb Bm-hn\p \nc- -ca
- p
shp-hn-fn-bm-Wv. Bmhv Ah-bpsS kzX-{-\n-et- bmSv
Gp s]mcp-XWw; Ahsb ssZhn-I-i-n-bpsS {]I-S-ambn
amp-Ibpw thWw. Ah Cu A\m-k-`
- m-h-n
Fm I-fpw sNp-p. ""Ak-t\m \nn-]X
v t\m
BhpI F-Xns Xm]cyw Bm-hns\ {]]-tmSp tNp sInb Fm sIp-Ifpw Agnp ap\m-hpI, `qa-WvU-e-nse Hcp ]Zm-tbpw B{ibn-m-Xn-cn-p-I, `uXn-I]
- Z- --fn-tebvp Nmbm-Xn-cnpI Fs-m-amWv. ap--h \s-n Fp-]-d-bpp
Fp hnNm-cnp-p. \s-sm-sp sNn-m-\m-{K-

ln-bvp-p, CXn-sempw {in--cp-Xv. Hcp tbmmhv

]S--f-n apt-dp--t]mse Nntbm `mhn-hn-Nm-ctam
IqSmsX kzw I-hy- \n-ln-p-I. Hcp [mnI-Im-cy-n-\p-thn k-kz-XymKw sNt-n-h-cp-tm
X-fpsS ta, BZ-ch
- v, bi-v, A\p-Iq-e-]cnX-n-Xn,
kpJkuIcy- , a\p-j y-t \m-Sp-f f kvt \l-_ w
Chsb Hpw Imcy-am-m-Xn-cn-p-I.'' Cu Bo-b-kwLj-n\v imco-cn-Ia
- mb Nne Hcp-- sNm D]\n-j
- p-I \s t{]cn-n-p-p-v. iuNw, D]-hm-kw,
C{n-b-\n-{Klw GIm--hmkw apX-em-bh imco-cn-Ii
- pnv AXym-hi
- y-ambn hn[n-s-n-cnp- p. ""Fs
icocw kptbm-Ky-am-Is
- , Fs Pnlz AXyw a[p-c-amI-s. sNhn-sImv Rm Ghpw A[nIw tIp-am-dmIs'' CXns Xm]cyw ico-cs Hc-hj
- vSw-`-amtbm
Bm-hn\p Hcp `mc-amtbm IcpXn Xnc-kv-cn-t-Xn Fm-Wv. ico-c-ns ipo-I-cW
- tam C{n-b-fpsS tamN-\tam a\-ns hnIm-ktam Hpw-Xs B]o-U-tbmSp _-ap--X-. {_-Ncyw ]men-p--ht
{_-tem-I-{]m-]X
v n-bp-mIq Fp hopw Omtm-tKym]-\n-j -n ]d-b -s - n-cnp- p. {_-N cyw Hmtcm
hnZymnbpw Kpcp-h ns ASp- hnZym- [ y-b \w
sNp Ah-k-c-n ]men-bvt-p kz`m-h-\n-b-{W-amWv. AXv kwkm-c-XymKtmSp- Iq- Snb X]tm sshcmKytam A. Fs-m AtX D]-\n-j
- n Viii 5
{_-N-cys bRvPm-\p-jvTm-\-n\p Xpey-ambn ]d-ncn-bvp-p. CXp {_-Nc
- ys kwkm-c-\n-hr-n-sbp
sXmbn hymJym-\n-m-Xn-cn-m-\p Hcp XmoXp \Inbn-cnp-I-bm-sWp tXmpw. icocw Bm-hns tkhI-\m-Wv. Imcm-Kr-la
-
- . PohnXw a\v tNX\ _pn
apX- em-b-hsb \mw XyPn-p- I-f-b-W- sa kqN-\-I-sfmpw
D]-\n-j-p-I-fn-en-. adnp Cuiz-c A-cy-an-bm-sW
knmw CXn-s-Xn-cmb Hcp \n-b-n-te-bvmWv
\s \bn-bvp-X
- v.
bYm-aX
-
- ns `mhm-th-i
- n Dun- \np-Xp-sImp am{Xw D]-\n-j
- p-I Xr]vXn-s-Sp- -n.
Ah \apv Hcp I-hy-kw-lnX IqSn Hcpn shn-cnbvpp; AXn-m-m [mn-Im-Ziw hniz-kn-p-IqSm hgn-Im-n- bm-bn-tm-Ipw. Fm BNm-c{Ia- fpw hnImc--fpsS \nb-{-Whpw _pn-bpsS k-m-[n-]-Xy- hpap,
kzm-]-c-amb hyn- Xz-ns kp-Nn-X- Xz-n \np
apn t\Sn BtmIj-n-tebvp \bnp-, almb Znhy-]--Xn-bn ]m-fn-I-sf \nebvv \msamw
\nc-cw {]hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p Fm BNm-cc
- q-]fpw [mn-I--fmWv; CXn\p hn]-co-X-am-bh A[m
n-I
- -fpw, B-kw-b-ahpw DZm-c-Xbpw Icp-Wb
- p-amWv
kKp-W-. hepssI sNp-Xv CS-pssI Adnb- cpXv F XXzw Cu hmIy- fn {]I- Sn- npp. ""{itbm-Sp-IqSn Zm\w sN-Ww, A{i--tbm-Sp-IqNn Zm\w sNcp-Xv, [mcmfw Zm\w sN-Ww, e-tbm-Sp-IqSn Zm\w
sNWw. `b-tmsS Zm\w sN-Ww, klm- \p-`q-Xn- tbmsS
Zm\w sNWw'' OtmtKym]-\n-j-n (Viii17) X]-v,
Zm\w, B-hw, Alnw-k, kXy-k-X Fn-hb
- mWv
kZm-Nm-c-cq-]- -fmbn ]d-b-s-n- cnp--Xv. GsX- nepw arK-

17

I kr-jvSnsb lnwkn-bvm aSn-p-Xpw, \mbm-Sn-n-Sn

I-k--sb-m-tfsd bmYmyam-Wv. X]-kznsb kw_apbn-Sm-hn-s\-smn hyk\w tXmp--Xpw, Cs n-t-S-tmfw Bm-hn\pw ico-c-n\pw ISn-\-amb ]cnNnm-KX
- n-bn AXn-i-m-ep--fmb kv{XoP-\
- v io-e\w ITn-\-amb km[-\- -hn-[n-n-p-v. AXp knntN hnIm-c-Zu_-ey-am-tbmw. Fm D]-\n-j-p- - ht Ccw BZi- Po- hnXw \bn-bvm-\m-hq. \njvIrI-fn arK-kr-jvSn-Isf kvt\lnp-Xv Hcp-a [- jvS-amb ]cn-ip-nbpw AIn--\-Xzhp-amWv X]-kzn-bpsS
ambn KWn-s-Sp-p. `qap-J
- p `mc-Xob [-im- PohnXs `cn-t-X
- v. Ab a-hkv{Xw [cn-bvkv{X-ns kma-\y-cq-]-am-Wv. \mbm-n-mbn Hcp am\ns\ Ww. incp apWvU\w sNbvXv sXcp-hp-sXn `Ww
sImp-Xpw hnt\m-Z
- n\p am{Xw Hsc-ensb D]-{Z-hn- bmNn-bv-Ww. Bm-hn\p hn\bw hcp-m-\p D]-Ip-Xpw A]-cm-[a
- m-Wv. hnIm-c
- sf Pbn-m Nne c-W--fm-Wn-h. \nXy-\n-bX-fmb {]m-\-Ifpw D]-hmtm khn-ti-j-amb B-\n-b-{Ww hn[n-p-p-v. k-fpw A\p-jvTn-bvpI hgn Bm-hn\v \nXym-\
- ]
- `mc-X ob Nn-I-m a\v ico-cs B{i-bn- n-cn- Z-hn-bn-te-p-b-cp-hm Ign-bp-p. hnip-nbpw hn\-bp-ambvpp F hnizm-k-ap--h-cmWv; AXp-sIm--h a\- sWmcp X]-kznsb alm-\m-n-op-Xv; Ipi-e-\mb
ns ]cn-ipn Bh-iy-am-sWp \nt-in-pp. hmk- Hcn-{-Pm-e
- m-cs ssIb-S
- -n-ep kmaytam
\-I-fpsS \nb-{Ww kztbm \St-Xm-Wv. AXv hmtXm-m-Z
- mcs kz]v\w ImWm-\p Ignthm A.
kw`m-hy-as
- -n \n-a
- mbn \nb-{nepw Nne- Imaw, t{Im[w, hmk-\, C Fnh hnp-bv ip-\mtm ]Xn-hp-v. X]v AYhm \n-a
- mb hk\m bn-cnp--Xp-sIm-mWv X]kzn alzw t\Sp--X.v Pohn\nb-{-Ww, \ymkw AYhm kwK-]-cn-XymKw Ch cpw- n-cns A\p-jvTn-p Cu Bm-lpXn Hcmv BX-n t`Zw I]n-n-cnp-p. X]v Xmgv ]Sn-bn- l-Xy-tb-m ITn-\-am-Wv. acWw Ffp-a
- m-Wv. `mc-sep hm\-{]--p--X mWv; AtX kabw \ymkw Xv Pohn-Xa
- m-Wv. kmaqly _--fn \np c-sk\ym-kn-bvp--Xm-Wv. GIm-{K-X, [ym\w \nZn-[ym-k\w Sm thn hoSpw kap-Zmbhpw Dt]-n-p-X
- p-sImv
apX-em-bh tbmK-N -cy-I fpw A\p-hn-t- -Xp- v. Hcm icn-bmb k\ym-kn-bm-Ip-n; Pohn-X
- n ]cm""{]m hmns\ a\-nepw a\-ns\ _pn-bnepw Pbw ]n-b-Xp-sImp am{Xw k\y-kn-h
- \pw bYmhne-bn-n--Ww.'' [ym\hpw GIm-{K-Nn--\hpw a\x-ip-n- k-\ym-kn-bm-Ip-n-. Cu Ah-km-\s Xc-m k\ymp-]I
- -c-W-ambpw ]d-n-cn-p-p. Fm hnNm-c
- fpw km-{i-a
- n-\msI A]-am\w hcp-p-p. B-kw-baw
Aap-J-amn Cuiz-c-s\-s Nnn-m Pohm-m- sNbvXv [mn-I-ho--W-n-eqsS am\-h-k-aq-l-n\p
-tfmSv I]n-n-cn-p-p. Cuiz-c-\n \nv A\p-{Klw thn IjvS--f-\p-`-hn-p--h-\mWv bYm k\ym-kn.
e`nm-\; Cuiz-c-t\mSv XmZmyw {]m]n-m ! F- Pohn-X]
- -cn-{i-aa
- m-sI-s \psS Al-mcw XpSp
m Cu [ym\m-h-n-Xa
- mb Pohn-X
- ns B-{]- \on \s ]cn-ip--cm-m thn-bp--Xm-W.v B{i-aljm-h t]mepw Xo-bmbpw bYm-X-bn\n- hy-h
-Ifpw apw Btm--Xnv klm-b-I-amIm
p Hscm-gn-p-am-d-e
- . AXv ]Zm--fpsS ]c-a- thn Gs-Sp-nb ]-Xn-I-fpamWv. As\ Krlk-Xys I-dn-bm Ign-hp-m-p D]-I-cWw am{X- m-{i-a-n\p tijw ]cn-{hm-P-IP
- o-hn-X-amWv hn[n-nam-Wv. ""aqbpw kqva-X-bp-ap a\-p-sImp am{Xta cnp--Xv. B-m\n Xs Fm kzm-Xm]-cy- Cuiz-cs\ ImWm Ign-bp.'' {_- -Ncyw, Kml-yw, fpw shSnv ]cn-{hm-PI
- -k-\ym-kn-bm-bn-o-c-W-sav
hm\-{]-w, k\ymkw Fn-ns\ \mem-{i-a- hn[n- D]-\n-j-p-I tLmjn-p-p, ""{_m-W B-mbv-s-n-cn-bvp-p. {Ia-n Ah-bn-eqsS IS-p-t]mbn \n-I-fmbn `mhn-k-m-\-]-c
- c
- -bpsS B{K-l-hpw, hyna\p-jy\v kmwkm-cn-Ia
- ew \on Xs ip-am-mw. ]-c-amb kzp-ssI-h-i-n-\p B{K-lh
- pw, euIn-IAtmtg a\p-jy Xs Bym-n-I-amb hmk-tK-l- amb sFiz-cy-p B{K-lhpw ssIsh-Snv ]cnn tIdm Al-\m-Ip-p-p.
{hm-P-I-cmbn k-cn-bv p-p.'' {]mNo\ `mc-X - n
kap-Zm-b-tm-Sp I-hy--sfmw ]q-ambn k\ymkn \n-\\pw AIn--\-\p-am-sW-n-epw, bmsXm\n-lnp Ign-m Hmtcm-cp-pw kwkm-c-n c-[n-Im-chpw in-bp-an-s-n-cn-n-epw, km{am-Pym-[n-]-m
- --hn[w m\hpw _lp-am\np hnc--\mb hn{iaw tXSm hn[n-bp-v. a\p-jy- IqSn Im Ipn-S
\hpw
hln
nc
p
p.
]cni
p--Po-hn-X-n\v A{Xbpw _lpPn-hn-X-ns Ah-km-\s ]Sn-bm-Wn-Xv. [mn-Ia
- mb
am\
mZ
c

f
p
mb
nc
p
p.
BN-c-Whpw t{]a-a-b-amb Pohn-Xhpw \bn-p X]-kznbmb ]cn-{h-mP-I kmwkm-cn-I{- ]-tem-`-\--fn \np
lnp-a-X-ns apJy-e--W-amb B{i-a-[w Pohnap-\ mbn ]c-t em-I -t bv p ZrjvSn Xncnp- p. X-ns Fm hipw B-in hfn PohnXw
\njvIfhpw `n ]q--fp-amb `mc-X
- nse ap\n-Nn- ]q-am-m {ian-p-p. AXv sshhm-ln-I-Po-hn-X-n\v
- \nXy-ku-c
- y-ns kz]v\
- -fmepw A\-iz-c- Hcp--sa \ne-bn ItTm-c-amb ]cn-ipn AYhm {_kw-Ko-X
- ns {]Xn- -[z-\n-I-fmepw \nc-cw BIr-jvS-- Ncyw thW-sap \njvIjn-p-p-v. D]-\n-jZ- {v ZjvSmfm-bn-cn-bvp-p. Ah B ]c-am-Zi-ns ASp-m- -fpsS A`n-{]m-b
- n hnhmlw Hcp [mnI kwkvImWv. AXns AkvXn-Xz-m-em-Ir-j vS-cm-Ihw c-amWv; Cuiz-ct- k-hm-]
- -Xn-bm-Wv. Kml-y-ns
\s ASp-mWv \n-p--Xv. \ap--sXmcp kz]v\-am- Bm\-amb Krlw Hcp hnjp--th-Zn-bmWv; aX-]-c-amb
Imw. Fm Ah Pohn-p-tX B kz]v\
- n-em-Wv. bmsXmcp NSpw [-]X
- v\nsb ]s-Sp-n-bvmsX
AXp-sIm-h
- Xv X Ah-K-Wnp Xp `uXn- ]qn-bm-hn-. Zm-Xyhpw ]nXr-Xzhpw hgn-bmbn Hcm

18

I a\p-jy-kvt\-l-n-tbpw IpSpw-_-_--n-tbpw
AgIpw B\-hpw XnIpw A\p-`-hn-p-I-gn tijw
hniz-]u-cs Db ]Z-hn-bn-se-m thn {Ia-n
Krl-tmSpw IpSpw-_-tm-Sp-ap _--fn \nv
kzmX{yw t\Sm ]cn-{i-an--W-sapw hn[n-n-cn-p-p.
_p-aXw `mc-Xob lrZb--fn kpn-ca
- mbn m\ap-d -n-b v p--X n ]cm-P -b-s - n-p-s - n AXn\p
ImcWw AXv {_-N- cys Kml-y- t-m AXyp-X-\n-e-bn sImp-sh-Xpw aptbm-Ky-X-Itfm AlXtbm t\mmsX Fm-h-tcbpw Db kXym-km-{i-an-tebvv sNm A\p-hZ- n--Xp-am-Wv. k\ym-kn-I
PmXn, [\w, ]ucXzw CsXm-p-an-m Bo-b-amb Hcp
ktlm-Zc
- y-m-]-\-am-Wv. kvt\l-n-tbpw tkh-\-ntbpw kt-i-sf {]km-Z-`m-h-n {]N-cn-np-I-bmW-Xns Dt-iyw. `qan-bn hnip-n-bpsS ku-cy-n\pw, hn\-b-ns inpw, AIn--\-Xz-ns B\- n-\pw, tkh- \-ns kzmX-{y-n\pw kmn- I-fmbn
k-cn-p Cuiz-c-Zq-X-m-cm-W-h.

KuX-a kXy-Im-at- \mSp ]dp: ""icn-bmb Hcp

{_mW \msX Cs\ kXyw sXfnp ]d-bm-\mhn-. AXp-sImv thKw sNv An Pzen-n-q. Rm
\n\v Zom-Iw \S-mw. \o kXy-am-n \npw
]ng--h-\-.''

hnhn-[-`m-K-se ab-s-Sp-m\pw ASn-Xp-c-p hssh-c--tfbpw sshap-Jy--tfbpw AI-m-\p-amWv D]-\njZv Zi\- Xp\n-bp-X

- .v Cuiz-c Fm-h-cnepw Hcpt]mse hym]n-n-cnp A-cym-an-bmb Bm-hm-Wv.
AXp-sImv Fm-hpw Hcp t]mse kXys {Klnbvm Ignbpw; Fm-hcw Hcp-t]mse kXy-m\w
A[y-b\w sNm A[n-Im-cn-I-fp-am-Wv. {Xn-b-cpsS
{]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn k\Ip-am-c {_-W\
- mb \mc-Zs\
]Zm--fpsS ]c-a-c-lkyw [cn-n-p-p. Db XXzm-\hpw [hpw Hcnepw {_m-Wh
- -n\p
am{Xw HXpn \np--X-. AKm-[a
- mb B[ym-n-I{]-i\
v
- sf hni-Zo-Ic
- np ]Tn-np {Xn-b-cm-Pm-m-sc-n \mw {K- -fn hmbn-p-p. XXz-m-\s
PmXn-bpsS \nb-a- kap-Zm-b-tm-Sp I-hy- kw_-n hmZ- {]-Xn-hm-Z
- mbn [mn-I-k-t-f-\sf hn[n-p-p. a\p-jy X\np hn[n I-hy- \S-n-bn-cp P\-I\pw APm-Xi
- {- Xphpw {Xn-bI- Fm-bmepw A\p-jvTn--Ww. tbmKy-XI
- cm-Pm-
- m-cm-bn-cp-p. Xo{h-amb _un-I-Po-hn-X-n-s
t\mn Ah-bpsS ASn-m-\-n-emWv I-hy-I- Ime-L--am-bn-cpp AXv. km[m-c-W-mIqSn Zmi-\n-I hn[n- n- p- -Xv. {_-W Xzw knnpI Pw {]-iv\--fn Xm]cyw ImWn-p-h-p. PvRm\n-I \mnsIm BN- c-Ww-sIm-m-sWp KWn--s-n-cnp- p. e- tm-p-an-tmpw imkv{X-N-Imbn Dml- ]qw
XpSp ]d-bp IY kXys sXfn-bn-p-p.
k-cn-p-sIm-n-cp-p. D]-\n-j-p-I-fpsS km-ZI
- -mPm_m-e -b psS aI kXy-Im-a Xs Asb cmb {_-Wv {Xn-b-m Kth-j-W--fn {][m-\kwt_m-[\w sNbvXp ]dv : ""At Rm {_-Ncyw amb ]s- Sp- p- p- s p k- X n- - hn[w
- b
- p-mbn-cp-p. kv{XoI
Zon-bv m-\m-{K-lnp-p. Rmt\Xp tKm{X- m-c-\m- Bm-amb kXy-k- X
Pohn-X-n\p thn-bp kwLjs kw_-n-tWt''
S-tmfw Ghpw kpc-n-X-Ifpw B{in-X-I-fp-am-bn-cp-pA aI-t\mSp ]dp: ""Fs Ipo, \ns tKm{Xsh-nepw tam-{]m-]vXn-p Bym-n-I-k-a-c
- n
ta-Xm-sW-s-\n--dnp-IqSm. sNdp--n Hcp ZmknAhv ]pcp-j--tcmSv Xpey-amb A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-bmbn Rm\-p-anpw \S-n-cp Ime-mWv \ns
fpm- bn-cp-p. ssat{X-bnbpw KmKnbpw Bo-b-amb Kw`oK`w [cn-Xv. AXp-sImv \o GXp tKm{X-am-sW-sc-{]-iv\
- -sf-p-dnv imkv{X-hmZw \S-m-dp-m-bn-cp;
\n--dn-bn-. Fs t] Pm_m-e-sb-mWv. \o kXy-ImZi-\--sf-p-dnp \S-p Nm-k-t-f-\--fnepw
a-\m-Wv. AXp-sImv kXy-Im-a-Pm-_m-e-\mWv Rms\p
]s-Sp- m-dp-m-bn-cp-p.
\n\v ]d-bmw.''
D]-\n-j -p-I m\s tamtm-] m-b -ambn
kXy-Im-a lcn-{Zp-ams ]p{X-\mb KuX-as ASpDun ]d-bp- p-s- p-Xv bYm-am-Wv . ""XcXn
sNv ]dp:
timIw Bm- hn'' B-m\n Fm timI--tfbpw
""`K-hm, Rm Ahn-Sps ASp- {_-Ncyw XcWw sNp-p. ""{_-hn {_ssh `hXn'' {_Zonm-\m-{K-lnp-p. Rm Ahn-Sps ASp- hc- m\n {_w Xs Bbn-o-cp-p. D]-\n-j
- p-I
stbm?''
m\-ns al-Xz-n-eqn \np-Ibpw Fm kZmKuX-a tNmZnp : ""tl tkmay, \o GXp tKm{X- Nm-c--tfbpwAXns ]q-hn-I-fmbn Icp-Xp-Ibpw
n s]-h\mWv?''
sNp-Xp sImv D]-\n-j-p-I m\-s-p-dn- nsb AXns
kXy-Im-a ]dp : ""`K-h, F\n-bv-dn-p-IqSm, p AXyp-mlw \nanw Cm-i
m\
p\
nv
Xcw
Xmgv

pp
Fp
]d-bp hnaiRmt\Xp tKm{X-n s]-h-s\v F\n-bv-dn-p-IqSm,
I
mc
p
v
.
m\nI
v
kZmN
mcw
hfsc
Imcy-ap-Rm\--tbmSp tNmZnp t\mn. A-bpsS adp-]Sn CsXm
pa

Fv
Dd
np
]db
p
Ubqk

Am\ns\-bmWv: "Rms\s sNdp-

- n Hcp ]cn-Nm-cn-I-sb
Ipw
AXmh
i
ya
n
Fp
]noSp
]db
pp.
""tam\ne-bn Ap-anpw Aep Xncn-n-cp ImemWv \ns K`w [cn--Xv. \ns tKm{X-ta-sXp ]d- {]m]vXn sImh-cp-p m\w t\Sp--Xn kZm-Nmcw
bp-hm km[y-a-. Fs t] Pm_m- e- sb- mWv; \o kXy- klm-bn-p-Xv {]Xy-ambn; A{]-Xy--ambn am{XIm-a-\mWv' AXp-sImv `K-h Rm kXym-Ima Pm_m- amWv klm-bnp-Xv. Fs-m Cu PvRm\w apnm Hns DNn-Xa
- mb D]-I-c- -W--fm Dm-Item
e-\m-W.v ''

19

I Dm--s-Stem A. Cu m\w A\m-Zn-Im-e-ambn

sXtm AsXmw Cu Bm-hn \np e`n-p-p.''

\nXy-h-kvXp-hmbn \ne-\np hcp Hns A\p-`qXn I- m\-k- l-Ir- X-ambn A\p-jvTn--W-sa-mWv
am{X-am-W.v '' Fm D]-\n-j-p-I m\s i_vZ- Cu kqw \njvIjn-p-X
- .v km-Xn-im-bn-bmb ]cns kp-Nn-X-amb A-n tam-{]m-]vXnv a-k--bn {i-hn-izm-k--tfmSp IqSmsX A\p-jvTnHmtIm-]m-b-ambn kzoI-cn-bv-pn. ""Bm-hns\ thZ- p tIh-e-I- Zp-e--fm-Ip-p. a\p-jys
m\w sImp-am{Xw {]m]n-m Ign-bn-. hnm-\w- bYm-eyw tIhew bm{nI-amb k-
sImpw hfsc A[nIw ]Tn-X
- p-sImpw {]m]nm sImv t\Sm Ign- bp-I-bn-. Fm I--fnepw bmIgn-bn-.'' kXy-amb Pohn-X
- n-emWv Du. m\- \p-jvTm-\-fnepw {Inbm-Ie
- m-]
- -fnepw Btm--Xn-bptm-sSmw [hpw XpSp-m-bn-cn-bv-Ww. {_- m-Ip-p. Fm AhnsS A\-h
- p-ambn XmZmyw
m\w t\Sm-\m-{K-lnp--h\v F{X-Xs
- in-bmb {]m]n- p-s Im- - W -s a- n- . kXy-a mb Bm-h ns
Dm-lhpw Pnm-k-bp-ap-m-bn-cp-mepw kZm-Nm-cw, lnXs ]pjvSn-s-Sp-pI F GI-hn-Nm-c-tmsS
[-\njvT Fo cp tbmKyXI-fp-an-s-n {]thiw Fm Ifpw A\p-j vTn-Ww. Cuizc-\n-msX
e`n-bvp-I-bn-. m\-sa-m tIhew _pn-bp-sS Ign- \psS Pohn-X
- n\p ey-an-. k-bn-, B{i-b-hph Fp \mw hni-Z-am-t-n-bncnpp. B-t_m-[- an. Cl-tem-Ipw ]c-tem-Ipw A[n-I
- -W
- n
am-W-Xv. {_-Pnmkp-hns a\v A[nIw N-e- \ In-W-sa H Dt-iy-tmsS A\p-jvTn-p Iam-bn-qS; ]c-am-k--bn {i sNep-m Ign- I-em-]--tfbpw b-bm-Km-Zn-I-tfbpw D]-\n-j-p-I
bm hn[w kmwkm-cn-I-hn-j-b--fn kwen-]vXh
- p-am-bn- A]-e]
- n-bvp-p-v. ]c-tem-Ip Hmlcn [\w (sjq-Sm. Cuiz-c-`-n-sIm--hs lrZbw ]hn-{Xhpw B\- b) hmt\m Cuiz-c-\p-a mbn Hcp _mp-I -W- m-`-cn-X-hp-am-bn-cn--Ww. Cuiz-c-im-kv{X-n hnZ-K
v -cmb cw`nmt\m D Dt-iy-tmsS BI-cpXv \w I-hyEjn-am injy-msc Xnc-s-Sp--W-sa-n AXn-\p-ap- I--f-\p- jvTnp--Xv. {_m- -W-- fn I-hy-Imbn Nne injy-msc Ipsd-m-et- mfw kZm-Nm-c-Zo- sf kw_- np {]I-Sn- n A_p- n-] q-I-amb
bvpw [mn- I- amb A-S-- n\pw \nb-{- Wn\pw Ccw Bi-b-sf {]Xn-tj-[n-p-sImp D]-\n-j-phnt[-b-cm-tIn h-Xmbn Adn-hm-Ip-p. {]ivt\m-]\
- n- I Hc-\n-hm-cy-k-Xys Dun-bp-d
- n-p-p-v. Fmj-n ]n-em-Za
- l
- jn Bdp {_-Pn-m-kp-sf eh "I-fpw m\hpw Xn _-an; m\w
Hcp hj-tbvp IqSn IqSp-X A-S--n\pw B- am{X-amWv tam-km-[\w' F aXs ]nm-p-n\n-b-{-W
- n\pw hnt[-b-cmbn hn-m aSn Ab- . m\-I--fpsS kap--b-amb Hcm-o-I-Po-hn-Xn-cp-p. Omtm-tKym]\nj-n Kpcp kXyImam P_m- s-bmWv D]-\n-j-p-I \njvIjn-p--Xv.
es\ ]ip-]m-e-\-n-\mbn tLmc-h-\m--c--fn-te-bv-b[mn-I-amb Cu knnbpsS kw`m-hy-X-X-s-bmWv,
-Xmbn ]d-bp-p. GIm--[ym-\hpw {]Ir-Xn-k-hpw Fm kZm-Nm-c--fp-tSbpw ]q-[m-cW. AXn-msX kZmhfp-I-bm-bn-cpp CXn- p-t-iyw. D]-\n-j- p-I Nm-c-]-ca
- mb \psS A`n-em-j
- \nd-th- Ign-bp\njvIjn-bvp m\w B-i-n-bpsS kPo-h\
- n- sa-p-d
- n-. B]-p-Ifpw `b-fpw tcmK-fpw ac-Wb-a-amb {i AYhm hnizm-k-am-Wv. hrw ^en-p-- fpw Fmw \psS apn-ep-v. Fmepw {]I-S-amb
t]m-se-s PvRm\hpw I-n-eqsS A`n-hy--am- Akmw-K-Xy-fpw ]c-kv ]c
- -hn-tcm-[hpw shp-sIm-pw,
I-Ww. m\w \app e`np Ign-m kXyw ssIh- Fm hkvXp-fpw {]hn-p-Xv Ah-km-\-ambn \- Xmbpw AXns\ kzmb-- am-n-b- Xmbpw AXn-\m \mw bvp-th-n-bm-sW-p hnizmkw \apv Dm-lhpw
]cn-h--\w sN-s-X
- mbpw Icp-Xs
- -Sp-p. ""Zpcm-Nm-c- ktm-jhpw \Ip- p. kZm-Nm-c-n\v aX-ns AwKon \np ap-\pw, im-\pw, kam-ln-X\
- p-a-m-, I-cWw Bh-iy-a p-v . hniz- n-e p- -s Xmw icn-b mlrZ-b-n imn hncm-Pn-mHcp hynXv km[y- sWpw a\p-jys hnPbw A\n-hm-cy-am-sWpw Cuizam-hn-. AXm-bXv m\w sImp am{Xw {_-{]m-]vXn- c \ap- p- d - p- X - c p- p. ""a\p- j ys AZr- i yhpw
bp-m-I m h.'' AXp-s Imp cmam-\p-P m\- Aaqhpw Ahm-Nyhpw AKm-[-hp-amb B Hn Xs
ns hyJym-\
- n [ym\w, kam-[n, D]m-k-\, ]qP kam-[m-\hpw hn{i-a-m-\hpw Ip-I-gn-m Ah\p
F-n-hbvpw m\w \In-bn-cn-pp. m\-n kam-[m\w e`n-bvp-p. AXn-sesnepw CS-aptm
\nv kZm- Nm-cs ]pd- -n-sm-p hymJym-\-n\v th]mtSm Dsp AwKo-I-cn-m Ah\p ]ns AkzHcp \ymbo-I -c-Whpw ImWp-n-. Bm-hn-t\m-Sp -X-bmbn; an-hmdpw X\n-s-m-a-dn-bm-sap Icp-Xp
sFIy-`mhw A`n-hy--am-Ip-n-s-n Acw tIh-e- Hcm-fpsS Akz-X!''aX-]c
- -amb Cu Ddp Inn--gnI- A]-cym-]vX--fm-sWv D]-\n-j-p-I-fq-n-- mns ]cn-n-Xn-bpsS k-n\pw a\p-jys
d-bp-p. ""A, Bm-hn-n-hnsS al-mb Nne hnip- A{I-aI
- r-Xypw \s Akz-c
- m-m Ign-bn-.
-I- \nd-th-m-\p-sv Adn-hp--h\
- -s-nepw FXn-cm-fn-Ip \psS a\-n t{Im[hpw -Ddpw DfAbm-fpsS Iw HSp-hn hn\-jvS-am-Ipw. Hcm Xs hmm-\m-hn-. kZm-Nm-c-n\pt{]cW \vIp-Xp aXBmhp am{X-amWv kXy-sav a\-n-em-n, Btm- am- W v. aXns ASn- m-\ - n-e - s - n ]ns
]m-k\ \S-p-p-sh-n Abm-fpsS Iw HSp-hn hn\- \apnm Ftm Hn-s\-p-dnp Fspw {]bjvS-am-Ipw. Hcm Xs Bmhv am{X-amWv kXy-sav Xv\s
- atm , Ah-km-\a
- n-m B{K-l-satm \nc-c
- a\-n-em-n, Btm-]m-k\ \S-p-p-sh-n Abm- amb hf-sbtm Hs Bhpw kZm-Nm-c-n-w.
fpsS Iw hn\n-jvS-am-Ip-n-. Abm B{K-ln-p-- aX-n-em-Is CsXmw A\p-`-hk
- n-am-Ipp; k^-

20

I ehpw

B\--a-b-hp-am-Ip-p. Atm Pohm-m-hns

Zueyw \opp; Pohm-m-hn\p hnti-j-amb alXzhpw \n-ln-bvm-s\m-cp-t-iyhpw Ds-p-h-cpp. Hcnbv-eo-t_m-[-ap-Zn-p-I-gn-m ]ns ico-c-_--a-mepw
icn XpSmepw icn, a\p-jy AXn-s\-p-dnp DZmko-\\
- m-Ip-p. Ah km-c-amw kpK-a-amtWm ITn\-amtWm F Nnbpw Ah-\n-. a\p-jy\v kXym-\p-`qXn- b p- m- I p- - t XmsS Ahs ]m]- AIse
\opp; ]md-bvs-dn ap-cp-f-t]mse Ah kzbw
XIp \in-bvp-p.

aX-Po-hn-Xs kw_-n-p Cu apJy-kXyw \n`mKy-h-im `mc- Xo-b-hn-Nm-c--sf-n ]Tn- bvp ]e anI

]WvUn-X-m t]mepw th-hn[w a\-n-em-p-n-. D]\n-j-p-Isf hnain-h
- c
- n Ghpw B[p-\n-I-\mb
tUmIvS lyqw A`n-{]m-b-s-Spp: ""D]-\n-j
- knmhpw {Kop-Im-cmb Ejn-am-cpsS knm-hpw Xn
m\w t\Sn-b-h kzm`m-hn-I-ambn k-cn-{X-\mIptam
AYhm m\-\-ns ]cn-Wmaw kKp-W-]qamb PohnXw Xs-bmtWm F Imcy-n henb aXt`-Z-ap-v. ChnsS Ipd-m--m\w t\Sn--gn-m
]qmn-X-]m-]-fpw bYm-n- en-m-Xm-Ip-pv!
"henb ]m]-am-sWp tXmp-Xpw' m\-an-m--h
sNbvXm \nyhpw ^e-n B]-c-hp-amb ]m], inm-` bw IqSmsX ktmNw hnp \nc- cw
sNbvXp-sImn-cnm B-m- \n--\p-hm-Z-ap-v.'' D]\n-j m\w B[ym-n-Ia
- mb ]WvUn-Xytam hmZ-{]Xn-hm-Z-]-c-hpw, JWvU-\-a-WvU-\m--I-hp-amb kqva-ss\]p-Wytam Aspw AXv ktm-X
- a
- mb ksb
hniz-lr-Z-b-n ktm-]c
- n-i-nbmbn {]Xy-o-Ic
- nbv-em-sWpw \mw BZyta ]dp Ign--np-v. a\pjy-{]-IrXn sskm-n-I-ambpw {]mtbm-K-nI-ambpw cp
hn[-nepw ]cn-h\w sNbvXp-I-gn-m am{Xta Cu
Bo-bm-\p-`qXn {]m]n-bvm Ign-bq. lyqw ]d-bp
""Ipd-m m\w t\S'' lrZ-b-ipn h-hp
am{Xta km[y-a-Iq. Ahp ]q-kzm-X-{y-ap-v. ""B
Db \ne-bn Hcp I I-\; sIme-bmfn sImebm-fn-b; ]pWy-]m-]
- -f-hs\ ]nXp-Sc
- p-n-. Fsm Abm Atm-tgpw lrZ-b-nse Fm ZpxJhn-Im-c--sfbpw hnP-bnp Ign-n-cnp-p.'' kzX-{\v
bmsXmcp \nb-{-W-hp-an-msX Fpw kzw sNmw;
]t Cu kzmX{yw ""tXmn-bXp sNm-\p {`m
Xm\pw.'' {_-km-mm-c-hmZn X\n-p-Xmt\ \nb-ahn- [m- Xm- hm- Ip- p; Abm X\npw Xm hkn- p temIn\pw {]`p-hm-bn-o-cp-p. \nb-a\
- nm-Whpw \nb-{-Whpw X-fpsS a\x-km- n-bpsS t{]c-W-bvsmv BNcn-bvm--hp thn-bp--Xm-Wv. Fm kzmamb Alw-`m-h--fn \np-b-hv kZm-Nmcw PohnX-ns \nXy-_--\-bm-bn-o-cpp; \nbaw t{]a-n
]q-ambn \nlns-Sp-p. Ah ZpjvIw sNpI-sb-Xv kw`m-hyta A. ]pdsa \np kw
B-co-Ia
- mb kzoIm-ca
- mbn ]cn-Wa
- np-p. [mnI
PohnXw {]m]n-p--Xp-hsc kZm-Nm-c- \n-baw a\p-jy
IjvS-sp sR-cpn A\p-k-cnt-p ]pdsa \np
Hcp-{K-im-k-\-am-bn-tm-pw. shfnw Inn--gn-mtem

]ns-bXv A\m-bm-k-ambn Dm-l]

- q- w Adn-bmsX
{]hnp Bm-hns kl-P-amb B-c-Po-hnXw
Xs-b mbn ]cn-W -a np- p. Hcp Ejn-b psS Iw
Bmhns kv^qn-bn-tebvv Xs-m kmkzmWw sN-emWv; AmsX ]pdsa \nv Npa-s-Sp \nb-a
- sf a\p-a-Sp-tmsS A\p-k-cn-e
- -.
I-n\p ]pc-kvImcw Imwnm-, hogvN bvp
insb `b-an-m-, Hcp \nkzm-nbmb Bm-hns
kzX-{-amb t{]cW \mw ImWp-p. ]c--cm-KX
-
- -fmb
N-fpw NS-p-Ifpw _mly-amb I-hy-fpw kZmNmc \nb-a-fpw Abmsf kw_-ntS-tmfw \ncI-am-Wv. Bmhv B ]c-am-\
-
- n tNv ]cn-Xp-jvS\m-Ipp; kakvX ]Zm--fp-tSbpw sFIys Zinbv pp; \mw hyn-] -c-a mbn \psS Bm-h ns\
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k`m-h\ Cs\ hnjb-\n-jvT-am-b, AXm-bXv kZm-Nmcw- k w-_ - n-b mb \nb-a - -[ o-\ -a mbn {]hnbvt _m[y-X-bp--Xmbn hnNm-cnm Ign-bp-I-bn-.
Fs-m AXns B-\n-jvT-amb kwL-S\ Imc-Wambn kmZm- Nm-c-kz-`mhw sImp Xs AXns \nbw
hcp-m Ign-bpw. AXp-sImv Cuiz-co-b-amb Cbvv
AYhm s]mXp-hn AXy- -ip--amb Cm-i- nv
]noSp Bm-cq-]-n Hcp t{]cW Bh-iy-an-.
"Ahiy Ihyw' ChnsS Am-\-m-Wv. Fs-m
Cm-ivnbpw \nb-ahpw ChnsS Ahiyw GIm-Im-ca
- mbn-gn- n-cnp- p.'' kmZm-N mc \nb-a - AXns
{]Xy {]IS\-amWv; AXp-sIm-X
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kzcm-p-am-W.v AXm-bXv kzbw \nb-ak
- z-cq-]-\m-Wv. hniz-cN-\-bpsS ]-Xn-bn aqp-Xcw kXz--fp-v. (1) kzbw
\ne-\n-ev]npw p-S
- m-\pw thn {]hn-p-h; kz {]m]vXnsb Imwntm \c-I-`bw aqetam
kzmtm-t-iy-tmsS Fs- nepw sNp A[- a-m.
(2) \nb-a--f-dn-bp-h
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BN-cn-m D]-\n-j
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k-i
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21

I A\p-`hw Xsbm-Wv. {InkvXyZmi-\n-I- m-cpsS A`n-

Xmn- I-coXym \njvIjnv ]Tn tijw GIm--n

{]m-b-n a\p-jy-\n Cuiz-c ]q-ambn A`n-hy- ]q-\n--_vZX
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apgpIn [ym\n-emWv \nZn-[ymk\w. Hm-as Ah- HmsI cq]-am- --amWv; D]-\n-j-p-I ]c-{_--ns ]c-bmb {ihWw aX-Po-hn-X
- n ]mc-c
- y-n-\p am-\
- -c-k-amb Ax-t{]-c-W-tbm-sSmw A{]-[m\ tZhm\s kqNn-n-p-p. km-am-{X-\mb Cuiz-c-\n X-I-fpsS Ax-t{]-c-W-sb--nbpw \app ]d-p-X-cphnizm-k-Zo sImm GsX-nepw Xc-n-ep ]c- p-v. Ai-\-ns hnj-b-p hyI-Xn-Xz-cm-KX
- -amb Hcp Znhy-t{]-cW Bh-iy-am-Wv. ""{]Xy-m- ns kp-Nn-X-`m-h-fpw ]cn-an-Xnbpw Dm-bn-cn-p-n\p-`q-Xn-bn-m-sX-Xs Cuiz-c-k--bn hniz-kn-h
- S-tmfw ]c-a-eyw {]m]n-m Ign-bn-. \app {_A\p-Kr-lo-X-cm-Ip-p.'' A[n-I]
- w Bfp-Ifpw ]mc-- am-bn-o-c-W-sa-n {_-hn-j-b-I-amb Ai\w
cy-nepw {]Xo-I--fnepw (hn-{K-lm-Zn-I) Xn-\n-p- Xs thWw.
I-bm-Wv. D]-\n-jkn-m-
- n--\p-k-cn aXw ]mc-P]w, [ym\w, kZm-Nm-cw, kXyhpw `mh-\n`-c-hp-amb
cy-hm-Z-hp-ambn Hcp hn[-nepw sXn-[-cn-bv-s-p-Iq-Sm.
Cuiz-tcm-]m-k\ Fn-h-bn \njvIjn-p D]-\n-j\nc--c-amb _un-I-{]-bXv\w sImv ]mc--cy-ns
p-If
- nse DIr-jvS-amb aX-[w ap aX--fn-ep-apJyms AYhm AXn-e-S-nb kXys \mw a\t]mse ]mc-c
- y--fmb ]nSn-hm-ZfptSbpw am{n-I-amn-em-m {i-an-bv-Ww. cm-as Ah-b
- n-emWv
bm-Pm- e- - fp-tSbpw `mc-m Ip\n-n- n-s Imcyw \mw
bpn-hn-N m-c- ns Bh-i y-I X ]d-b-s - n- p-f-f -X v.
Hmn-bvt--Xp-.v ]c-am-k Ht Dp; AXv
BZys Ah--bn tIh-e-samcp [mc-W-bmbn kzoIhnizw apgps kzbw A`n-hy--am-pp F D]-\ncn-Xv Ctm Xmn-I-\n- b-am-bn-o-cp-p. kXys
j- - ns apJy-X-Xzs Hcp ]g- im-Ty-hm- Z- sap
Adn-bpI bYm-k-sb {]m]n-bv-e-sp Xo]d-p-IqSm. am\h _pns-m Ign-bp Hcp ]cbm-Wv. Db Xc-n-ep aX-t_m-[
- n\v bYma-k- Xy-am-W- X.v imkv{X-n- tbpw Zi-\-n- tbpw ]ptcmk A\p-am-\-hn-j-b-am-bm t]mc, kmm-cn-bvKXn AXn-t\m-Sn-S-bp-I-b-. AXns\ kan-bvp-t-bps-Sp-I-Xs thWw. bYm-k-bpsS CuZr-i-amb
p. ]c-am-m-hn t{]ahpw BZ-c`- m-h-hp-amWv D]-\n-jA\p-`-h-n-\p, A\-s-w-_-n Ccw t_m[p-I-fnse aXw. C-c-n-ep [ym\-amWv B[ym-nn\v X-co-Xn-bn\nv kYm `n-amb Hcp hnNmI-`n hnj-b-hn-j-bn-I Xn-ep t`Z-`mhw [mnc-]-Xn hfp-h-tc-X
- p-v. \nZn-[ym-k\w As-n
Im-thiw \nd lrZ-b-n shp-cpIn ep]vX-ambn
[ym\-a-X Xmn-Ih
- n-Nm-cs [mn-Im-\p-`q-Xn-bmbn
t]mIp-p-shpw AXw-Ko-I-cn-bvp kwkm-c
- ns
amm klm-bn-bvp-p. Hcp ]s AXn-s\--ssFIyhpw ]q-X-bp- amWv D]- \n-j-p- I-fnse aX-ns
bmWv Zi-\s
- ap hnfn-p--Xv. AXns\ kXy-ns
ktmIr-jvS-X-Xzw. aX-]-c-amb A`ym-k-nepw \njvT{Inbm--I-amb kmmm-c-n-\p asmcp t]cmbn
bnepw \mw {Ia-n tatem-p-b-cp-t-S-tmfw D]mapt AwKo-Ic
- n-n-p--Xm-Wv. AXv ""tPymXn-WnXw
kyhpw D]mkI\pw Xn XmZmyw A\p-`-ht- Km-Nc
- -

22

I am-Ipp; Ans\ cpw Hp-Xs Bbn-o-cp-p.

]noSv ]c-c
- m-KX
- a
- mb kt-Xm-n D]m-k-\X
- s-bn-. Atm ]c-{_w kakvX hniz-nepw hym]nbvp-Xpw a\p-jym-m-hns\ Xn apgp-Inbvp-Xpamb Hc-ko-a-ssN-X\
- y-sa \ne-bn A\p-`-th-Zy-am-bno-cp-p. \psS AXnh-c-p-I-sfmw XI-cpp; a\pjys A]q-Xbvv Imc-Wa
- mb tZmj- Xmt\
\op-p. aX-ns eyw aX-ns km-Xn-imbnXzw Xs! BZi-aXw Xtm- sSm-nv Bcw- `n ssZzX`m-hs Iogvs-Sp-p-p. aX-kw-_
- n-bmb D]m-k\
`b-tmSp IqSn Bcw-`n-bvp-p. `n, t{]aw, \nXy-{_-tm-Sp kmbqPyw Ch-bpsS am-n- eqsS aptmp
ISv Cuiz-c\pw Bmhpw At\ym\yw tNcp kam[y-h
-bn-sen hnc-an-bvp-p. ]qm-h {]m]np--Xp-hsc aX-]-c-amb km[-\-I Bh-iy-ambn AwKoI-cn-bv-s-n-cn-bvp-p.

bn--cp-Xp ]w Cuiz-c-\n-te-bvpb-cpI F-Xn\v

iq\y-amb Hc-Km-[-X-bn-tebvp hogpI F-am-Ipw.
Atm a\p-jy Fn-t-cpI k-\m-i-n-em-bn-cnbvpw. Cu ]cn-Wm-as kw_-nv D]\n-j-p-Iv
X-ap- v. Dm-h {]km-Z hpw ltjm-m-Z hpw
\nd Hcp nXn-bmWv; krjvSn-bmb Poh krjvSnsb \ne-hnv {kjvSm-hn-t\mSp tNcp-, IrXy-ambn ]dm Xm {kjvSm-hn-t\mSv sFIyw {]m]np Ign-pshv A\p-` hw hcp Hcm-\ - m-h --bm-Wn-Xv. Cu
]q-Xsb DNn-Xa
- mbn hnh-cnm \ssmm-hn-.
\mw AXn\v {]Xo-I--fp-]t- bm-Kn-bvp-p. imizX PohnX-ns kzcq]w Hcm-\-m-h
-bmWv; ]q-kz-X{- amb Hcp nXn-bmWv; Pohm-m-hns kpJ-a -b-amb
hnkvX m-c-a mWv; AhnsS kzhpw `qanbpw Hnp
tNsm-gp-Ip--Xmbn tXmpw.

Pohm-mhv ]c-am-m-hn-t\mSv GIm-Im-c-ambn tNcpp

Fp ]d-bp `mK- D]-\n-j-p-I-fn ]e-bn-S-pap-v, ""{]Whw hnpw, Bmhv Apw, {_w AXns
ey-hp-am-Wv. A{]-a--\m-b-h AYhm nX-{]-
As--Ww. Av Fp-h
- Ap-t]mse Bbn-ocp-p. ey-amb {_-tmSv sFIyw {]m]n-p-p.''
Bmhv {_w Xs Bbn-o-cp-p. ChnsS Bmtamw
hn\pw {_-n\pw Xn ]q-amb XmZmyw Dd-nD]-\n-j-p-I-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-n m\- ns
p-]-d-n-cn-bvp-p. hopw ""Ahn-\m-in-bmb {_Dm-h--bn Pohm-m- hns Hcp hnt-jWw \S-pp;
n Ch-sbmw Hm-bn-t-cp-p.'' ""Ah A-c-\mb
kzmab-amb GIm-InXzw Hgn-hm-e
- m-WXv. Fm-e]c-am-m-hn kayIv {]Im-c-n nNn-sN-p-p.''
sXm-cn-bvepw iq\y-Xtbm arXypthm A. ""Hgp-Ip
""Ah k-\pw km-m-hp-am-Ip-p.'' ""Ah
\Zn-I \ma-cq-]
- -sfm-gnv kap-{Z-n sNv A{]-XyFmnepw {]th-in-pp'' ap-\mb Bmhv Fm
-am-Ip t]mse m\n-I \a-cq-]fn \np hnaphkvXp--fnepw {]th-in-bvpp; Fm hkvXp-fpw `mh-cmbn ]cm]-c-\mb Znhy-]p-cp-js\ {]m]n-p-p.'' D]cq-]
- n XmZmyw {]m]n-p- p. ""Cu Bm-hns\
\n-j-p-I kp-Nn-X-\mb Pohm-m-hn\v ]c-a-k--bp{]m]nv Ejn-am X t\Snb m\-m kwXrsv Hcn-epw AwKo-I-cn-p-n-. Xv Aa-cXzw
]vX-cm-Ip-p. X-fpsS Ihyw \n-ln- -h-cmbn
e`n-bvm-\mbn {]mn-p-h
- Pohm-m-hns ]c-aFm Ima--fn\npw ap-cm-bn, ]q-i-at- msS
k-sb kzoI-cn-p-p.km-Po-hn-X-nse bYmX-Xzw,
k- K-\mb Bm-hns\ k-`m-K--fn-eq- sSbpw {]m]nv
Pohm-m-hns {]Ir-Xn-bn k-t{i-jvT-am-b-X,v A\-GIm-{K-Nncmbn (bp-m-m--fm-bn) k-cq-]-amb
am-W.v AXv `uXn-I-k--bpsS AXn-cp-Isf ewLnv Ap{_-n {]th-in-bvpp'' ka- kvX-hn- iz- tbpw kdhpw Dd-p-\n-p-p. al-Xz-ns Hcw-ihpw Ipd-bp{Km-ln-bmb GI-k--bn Dd-p-\n-p--Xmbn A\p-`n-. Cl-tem-Is an \ma-t\z-jnp \Sp-Xpw
hn-p--hv ZpxJ-t-im-Zn-I-fp-m-Ip-n-. ""thZm
A]q-cq-]-n Is-p--Xp-amb [mn-Ia
- q-eyhnm-\
- m kwi-b-te-is
- at\y tbmw Ddsf ktm-m-h--bn-se-p-tm ]q-cq-]-n
p [cn--h-cmbn k\ym-k-tbm-K-m ip-k-Xz-m-cm-b]c-am-kz-`m-h-n- ImWm Ign-bp-p. a\p-jy-sc
h {_- tem-I-sf {]m]n-p-p. ico- c-Xym-K-ns ka\ne-bn A]q-cq-]-nte \apv BZi-sf {]m]nb-m-Is ]c-a-amb Aa-c-`mhw {]m]nv kYm apm Ign-bp-pp; AXpw Ai\-ap ka-bv
cm-bn-o-cp-p. apmmhnp Xm {]]ns
Hcp ant]mse am{Xw. Dm-h
-bn-em-Is Ahsb
{kjvSmhmsWp ]db hn[w ]cammhnt\mSv
Ip-av ]q-ambn tijn-sm-p-an-m--hn[w apgp-h-\m{]KmVamb sFIyt_m[apmIpp. ""Rm A- am-Wv.
bn, hnI-]-\h
- nlo\w ]cn-]q-ambn {]m]n-m IgnRm Am-Z- \mWv (`-n-p--h). Rm Im-hmWv;
bp-p. \apo temI-n Inp B\w Znhym-\-Rm I-am-Wv. Rm cpw IqSn-b-Xm-Wv. (A-
- nns \ng-emw am{X-am-sW-v, AXns Xp-amb {]Xntbpw Am- Z-tbpw kwLm-X-Im-hm-Wv) Rm apv
cq-]- am- sWv ssX-co-tbm- ]-\n-jv Nqn- m- Wnp-p.
(k-Xym-k-Xy- cq-]-I-amb PK- n\papv) P\n-N--h-\m- Wv.
Pohn-X-k- ap-{Z-nse Fm IjvS-m-Sp-Ifpw sRcp--fpw
Rm Cu {]]- - ns kwlm-c -I m-h p-a m-W v.
kln--Xn-\p-tijw \mw Ic-Wb
- p-Xv ]nWn InSp
kqcy\p Xpeyw \nXy-{]-Im-ia
- p--XmWv Fs tPymXnNmtI- n-hcp Hcp acp-c-n-e-s p Xo-bm-Wv.
v. Rm Cu kwkm-c-n-tbpw Aacmcmb tZh-mapm-h- sb Bm-hns kq-{]-Im-i -\-ambn
cp-tSbpw tI{-am-Wv.'' Cu kq--fn\nv a\-n-emKWn-bv-Ww. ]c-{_-s tIhew Hc-aq-k--bmD]-\n-j-p-I Hpw AwKo-I-cnp-n-sv km[mc-W-bmbn ]d-p-hc
- m-dp-v. ""t{]a-n hkn-p--h
Cuiz-c-\n hkn-
- p--Cu-iz-c Ah-\n-epw.'' Fm
bYm aXhpw Cuiz-cs\ A-cym-an-bmbn Icp-Xpp;
Ahn-Spp ]c-a-\n-Kp-V-\p-am-Wv.

23

I Ip-Xv B Ah-b- n thdn hyn-t_m-[-ns

[-ZrjvSym t\mp-tm Pohm-mhv Fm-cw t`Z-`m-h{]k-ntb Cs-m-W.v AXp-sImv B Dm-h--bn -tfbpw hnti-j-XI
- -tfbpw Hgnp AXp-an-Xp-an-m
I-ns {]iv\hpw D`-hn-p-n- . CXv icocw A\no-X-amb Hcp a[y--h-kvXp-hmbn \ne-sIm-phnebw {]m]nv , a\v sI-W-v, khpw AXn-cn- p. Ccw Imcy-f
- n Ddw \Snp Ign-bp A{im Ccp-n-emgvp t]mtb-S-v, tNX-\m-iq-\y-amb Hc- -m bYm-n hfsc {Inbm-io-e-cm-Imw. XmXzn-IXn-Po-hn-em-sWp tXmpw. \app thW-sa-n-e-Xns\ ]--n\v _ew sImSp-m apm-mhv ]q-X{- ]mkz]v\
- -fn-m Dd--sa-tm, t_m[-iq-\y-amb imn- ]n Pohm-m-hm-Wp \apv a\-n-emm Ign-bpw.
sbtm ]d-bmw. bm-hIy ssat{X-bnv CXv hnh- XnIpw ]c-am-m-hn-t\mSv Xpey-am-W-Xns \ne. apmcnp sImSp-p-I-bmWv: ""Hcp-p-I sh-n-en-m AXv mhv Xs Fm B{K-l--tfbpw \nd-th-n-smv
Aen-p-tN-cp-p. AXp-]ns Hcp-q-n-sb-Sp-m Ign- temIm--c- -fn k-cn-p--Xmbn {]Jym-]n-p
bn-. Fm B sh-n\nv GXp `mK-sa-Spp kq-nI apn {]m]n Pohm-m-v {Inbm-io-et\mn-bmepw Dp-]p-fn-bp-m-bn-cnbvpw. bYm-n amb Pohn-Xa
- p-sv kqNn-n-pp. ""Cu temI--fn
al-mb Cu Bm-hns nXnbpw CXp-X-s-bm-Wv. k-cn-p-sIm-,v Cm-\p-kmcw `Ww Ign-p-sIm-v.
AXv A\--amWv; A]-cn-an-X-amWv; m\-ns ]q- CjvS-n-\\
- p-k-cv \m\m BIm-c
- kzoI-cnv kamX-bm-Wv. Cu Poh-k-Xz--fn-eqsS CXp {]Xy-- ambn. Ah- K-m\w sNbvXp sImp hncm-Pnp-p.'' Fmepw Xm
tbm-sSmw Am-\hpw sNp-p. arXyp-hn\p tijw ]c-am-m-hn-t\mSv sFIyw {]m]n-n-cnpp F [mctNX-\m-h-k-Y-bn-.'' ssat{Xbn ]d-bpp: ""arXyp-hn\p W-bpapv. Omtm-tKym-]-\n-j-n-\-\p-k-cnp Aa-c-Xz-satijw tNX-\b
- n-sp ]d-bp A-bpsS hmp-I m Xs-m tZh-{]-tZ-i-tbvv Dbn FnF\nbvp ]cn-{`-a-ap-f-hm-p-p.'' bm-h-Iy Dcw -em-Wv. Cuiz-c-t\mSv kmlNcysa-mWv apWvU-tIm-]\Ip-p. ""]cn-{`-an-bvt--Xmb Imcy-sampw Rm `h- \n-jp ]d-bp--Xv. Cuiz-c-t\mSv ]c-ak
- m-Zr-iy-sapw
Xn-tbmSp ]d-n-tm. CXp XnIpw a\-n-em-m-hp ]d-n-cnpp. hyn- ]-c-amb Ccw I- km[ykwK-Xn-bm-Wv. Pohn-X-n ssZzX-`m-ha
- p-m-hp-tm am-m thn-bmWv Pohm-mhv Cuiz-c-Xp-ey-\m-Ipp
Hcmv asm-cm-tfmSv kwkm-cnm Ign-bpw, Hcmv Fp ]d-b-s-n-p--Xv. ]c-tam--X-amb Zi-bpsS kz`masmcmtfmSv kwkmcnm Ignbpw. at-bm ]d-bp- h-s-p-dnv F{X-Xs hyXy-kvXm-`n-{]m-b- -fp-sXp tIm Ign-bpw. Hcmv at-bm-sf-n hnNm- nepw Hcp Imcyw Xo-bm-Wv. AsXmcp k{In-bm-h
cn-bv m Ign-bpw. Hcmv CX-c-s\- n A\p-am-\n- bmWv; ]q kzX-{-X-bmWv; ]nc-]qmh--bp-amWv;
bvm\pw Ign-bpw. Fm Hmtcm ]Zmhpw Abm- IrXy-am-bn--d
m- \ap-m-Zi
- sb hn-smn-bvmfpsS Bm-hm-bn--gn-m]ns Fp-sImv Bsc- \m-hn-. C\n Fs-n-ep-samcp hnh-cWw IqSntb Ignbq
m- W m Ignbpw? F p- s Im v BcpsS Kw Fp-s-n AXns\ Znhy-Po-hn-X-ns Hc-h-m-t`{LmWnpw? Fp-sIm--ht- cmSp kwkm-cnpw? Fp Z-sap ]d-bp--Xmhpw \-Xv. kqcy-c-ivan-I kqcy-\n
hgn-bmbn B ]d-bp- Xp tIpw? Fp-sImv ebn-bvp t]mse-bpw, Ae-I kap-{Z-n-sem-Xp-phnNmcw sNpw? Adnbpw? Cu kwkvX-hn-iz-tbpw Adn- -t]m-sebpw kzc- Km\-e-l-cn-bn CW-p-t- ]mbp Fp-]I
- -cWw sImm-W-hs\ Adn-bpI? k- se-bp-a
- msX AXn-ep-a[
- n-I-ambn B-k hn\m-ia
- S- hp-a-dn-bp Ahs\ Fn-eq-sS-bm-W- dn-bpI?'' CXn \nv bp-n- . Pohm-m- hns kwKoXw kwkm- c-bm-{X- bn hnepHcp Imcyw kv]jvS-am-Wv. \psS _pnv {Kln-m ]vX-\m-Ip-n-,. AsXspw Hp-X-s-bm-W,v Fm
Ign-bm-h
- n[w Hcp {]tXy-Ic
- o-Xb
- n Ihpw {]Xy- H--Xm-\pw. apm-mhv Fm-n-t\mSpw GIm-Im-c-am-bn-m-\hpw Nnbpw t_m[hpw hnp-sIm-mWv Pohm- t-cpp; Cuiz-c-t\mSv sFIyw {]m]nv Pohn- p-p. hn[mmhv apn {]m]n-p--Xv. Ch-sbmw tIhew ssZzXm- b-I -amb hnh-c Ww sshb- n-I -amb t`Z-t _m[s
-I-amb Zi-\-ns e-W
- fmWtm, Cu I- \ntin-p-X
- mbn tXmpw. Cu sshb- -n-I-amb t`Z hnj-bn-I-fpsS hntcm-[`- m-hs B{i-bn-mWv \ne- `mhw GsXmcp hn[-n-ep B-`m-h\
- t- bbpw ASnsm-p--Xv. Ahbvv kmt]--I-tem-I-nte kw`m- m- \-am-n- bp--X-s- nepw AXv Cl-tem-I-n Imhy-Xb
- p-p. ]c-a-tem-I-n-se-n-bm Fm hn[w \m\m- \p-jvTm\w sNp--Xn Pohm-m-hns\ klm-bnp-p.
Xzhpw ssZzX-`m-hhpw AkvXa
- n-bvp-sap ]d-bp-p. Pohm-m-hns A-c-n-ep Poh-p-IX ]c-a-k-AtXm-sSmw Ah aqe-ap-m-Ip {]Xy--m-\hpw tbmSv sFIyw {]m-]n-p-m-Ip B\--a-\p-`-hn-m
I-fpw Cm-Xm-Ip-p. B Ah-b
- n \nXy\pw AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. Bm-`n-hy-n-bpsS Dtiyw \nd-tham-an- m- -h -\p-a mb Bmhp am{X-am-W p- m-hp-I . m th Hcp hynXzw tI{s ssIh-i-s-Sp-nAXns ]qX-bn Fm KXnIfpw \ne-bvpp; sh-n-p-s-nepw Bm-hn\v Xs Kuc-hhpw Aa-cm-hFm \nd-fpw ap-p. Fm i_vZfpw im-am-Ip- -bpsS al-X zhpw \-h - -a-d n-bm-sap ]d-bp-p.
p. apn-bpsS \ntj-[m--I-hi
-
- -fm-Wnh; koan-X_
- p- {_m-WvU-\m-S-I-n Cuiz-c {]hn-p-sIm-n-cnnbvv {Kln-m Ign-bp--hbpw Ch-sbm-s--s- bvp-p-sh-pw, Znhy-tNX\ AXn Xs `mKw A`n-\bm-Wv. hn[m-b-I-amb Hcp hihpw IqSn CXn-\p-v. \psS bn- p-p- spw Pohm-mhv Adn- bp-p- v. apmmhpw
in ]cn-an-Xa
- m-Wv. AXp sImv ]c-am-m-hns ]q- B \mS-I
- n A`n-\-bn-p-pv; kXys ]qXsb hnh-cn-bvm-\m-hn-. Fm-enXp sImp-am{Xw AXv ambpw ssIhiw shp-sIm-p-Xs! Abm-fpsS Dt-iy\ntj-[m--I-amb iq\y-X-bm-bn-sm--W-sa-n-. \ntj- p hg-m-Xmbn Hpw Xs-bn-. ""Ah

24

I Imns\ Xs kt-ihmlIm-cm-p-p. Pzenp

An-Isf a{n-am-cm-p-p.'' hyXykvX-hn-h-c-W-sf
XXz-m-\--fn-eqsS CW-n-tm hopw Ipsdmew IqSn Imn-cn-bvt-n-h-p. Cu Pohn-X-nshp-Xs Alm-cs \on--f-bpI kw`m-hy-am-Wv.
Ans\ Cu Pohn-X
- n ]qX t\Sp--hs\ Pohp--s\p ]d-bp-p. Aar-XX
- z-n-ep B\w Pohps kz--K-Xn-bns {]I-S-am-Ip-p.
Fm `mc-Xo-b-X-Xz-Nn--I-mcpw tamw P\-\a
- c
- -W-fn \np apn-bm-sW Imcy-n tbmPn-bvpp-v. Cuiz-c-t\mSv kmbq-Py-sa-Xv \nXy-\m-IpI FXns asmcp t]cm-Wv. "\nXyX'sb ImW-s-Sp Cu
`uXn-I-{]]--ns kt-X-n-tev Xa sNbvXmeXv P-ar-Xyp-c-ln-X-amb Ah--Xs
- -bm-Wv.

]m]hpw ZpxJm-\p-`hpw
AssZz-X-]--Xn-I-fn-ep-S-\ofw hgn-sX-n-bvp Hcp XS-amWv ]m]-ns {]iv\w. thZ-a-{--fn sshZn-Ihn-[n-bv-\p- Iq-e-ambn {]hn-p-Xp ]pWy-ambpw hnh]co- -Xa
- mbn {]hnp-Xp ]m]-ambpw ]d-n-cn-bvpp. D]-\n-j-p-I-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-n \nXy-Po-hn-Xs
- -n-b p m\w ]pWyhpw Am-\w-]m-]h
- p-am-Wv.
Cu anYym-Zi-\s {]I-Sn-n-p BN-c-Whpw A-Xns\-p-Sp Bm-hns H-s-Sepw ]m]m-Nm-c-am-Wv.
D]-\n-j-p-I-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-n {]]--nse \nJne-]-Zm-- tfbpw Cuiz-c-{]m-]X
v n-p D]-I-c-a--fmbn
ImtW--Xp-v. \ma-hsb \nb-Xc
- q-]-fpwths]--h-bpambn Icp-Xp-Ibpw \mw kzbw thdn LS-I
- -fm-sWp
[cn-p-I-bp-am-sW-n [mn-Ia
- mbn ]m]w sNp-p.
Al-mcw aqew ]q-{_-
- ns ]c-am-[n-Im-cs
\ntj-[n-epw kzbw kmw-K-]qhpw kzbw-]-cym-]X
v hp-am-sWp {]Jym-]n--ep-am-Wn-hn-sS-bp sXv. ]q{_--ns ]c-tam--Xm-h-sb BN-c-W-ns Almcw sImv \n-cm-I-cn-pp F-XmWv ChnsS ]m]-ambn-o-cp-X
- v. kzm-a-b-amb Al-m-cs P\n-nbvp AI--g-n-m AZrjvSn Xs kp-Nn-X`m-hs sIn-n-Snp \npp; Fm-hn[w XymK-fn \npw ]nh-en-bp-p. AXns km-\-amWv ]m]w.
D]-\n-j
- p-I
- ]m]w amb-bm-sWp ]d-bp-n; B
]m]w imiz-Xa
- m-sWpw kqNn-n-bvp-n-. Cu c-hkvXI
- -fnepw AXn\v Iosgm-Xpn hgpI a\-jys
I-hy-am-bn-cnpw. ]pWy-ambn ]cn-h\w sNm
_m[y-X-s- -XmWv F A- n ]m]w Ab-Ymam-Wv. AXns cq]w amm {]bXv\w Bh-iy-am-sWtmp-tm A{X-tmfw AXp bYm-hp-am-W.v
B tNX-\b
- psS m\v ]c-am-tN-X-\sb
IpSn-bn-cp-p-Xv ]pWy-am-sW-n-cns Xs Bmhv
Cuiz-c-t\-m DX\msWp hcp-p-Xv ]m]-am-W.v
D]-\n-j-p-I-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-n kZm-Nmcw hkvXp-fpsS bYm kz`m-hs {]I-Sn-n-p-p. Ah-km-\n- ]pWyw am{Xta hnP-bnp-Ib
- p-p. ""kXyw Pbnpp; AkXyw Pbnp-n.'' ]m]w Hcp \ntj-[m-I-amb hkvXp-hmWv; X\n-p-Xm FXn-cmWv; arXyp-XX
- z-

am-Wv. ]pWy-am-Is \n-bm--Ihpw bYm-hp-amWv;

Pohn-X-X-Xz-hp-am-Wv. ]m]-n\v Fm-ht- cbpw kwXr-]vXcm-m Ign-bn-.

Bo-b-Po- hn-X-np a\p-jym-h--I-fn Ign-tb- nh-cp-t-S-tmfw Imew ZpxJs XpS-p-\o-n--f-bm-\mhn-. Xs kq-k-bpw Cuiz-cm-Wa
- m-bn-ocp--Xp-hsc ZpxJm\p`-h
- f
- psS {Ia-n \S-p DXn-{]-{Inb Ah-km-\n-n-m Ign-bn-. D]-\n-jp ]dbpp: ""a\p-jy bYm-n b-am-Ipp'' \mw
Cuiz-cm-`n-ap-J-cm-bn-o-cp-X
- p-hsc PohnXw \nc--c-amb
arXyp-hm-Wv. a\p-jym-mhv \nXy-k-sb {]m]n-bvm\mbn tinp Xn-n- S-bvp Hcp ]oUm-m- \-amWv PohnXw. adItfmtcmtmtcmmbn \otXpv. Cuizcob
PohnXw ssIh-cp--Xn\p apmbn Pohn-X-n-ep {`mn
kaqew \in-Ww.

Iw
EtKz-Z-nse "EX'n {Ia-k-am-[m-\
- fpw k`c- Whpw {]I-S-am- bn-m-Wmw. I-kn-m- -n--\p-k-cnp
t\mn-bm [mn-IP
- K
-
- n A\n-n-Xtam Anctam Bb bmsXmcp hkvXphpw ImWp-I-bn-. \mw hnXbvp-Xv \mw sImp-p. ]pWy-ns ]pWyns
hnpIrjnsNbvXm ]pWy ^ew sImmw, ]mhns
hnn \np ]m]hpw. Ghpw sNdnb Iw t]mepw
a\p-j y-k z-`m-h - n kzm[o\w sNep-p-p. Imbn Xs Dn-en-c-pv t{]cW \In-sm-n-cnp Nne hmk-\-Is
- fmw XmX-s hnNmcw sNbvXv
t_m[-]qw Xnc-s-Sp ]q-I--fpsS ]cn-Wma-am-s Wp a\p-j y-\ -dn-h p- v. Adn- p-s Imv \mw
sNp I- Ipsd Ign-m AmX ioe-f m-bn-o-cp- p. kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw Cp \ap-p
Am-X-hm-k-\I
- ap]v t_m[-]q-w sNbvXp-h
kzw I--fp-sS-Xs ]cn-Wm-aa
- m-sWv Icp-Xs
- Sp-p. kap-{Z-nse Ae-b-Sn-I-tfbpw \-{X--fpsS KXnI-tfbpw \app XSp-p-hm Ign-bm--t]m-se--s[mn- I-hn-Im- k-ns {]{In-b-tbbpw XS- bm \mw Aka-cm-W v. I-\n-b-a- sf AXn-ew-Ln-b vm \Sp {iaw Hcm Xs \ng-ens\ Hgn-hm-n-tm-Im
{ian-bv p- -t]m-s e- s \njv^ -e-am-Wv. Ime-s smp amp-I-f-bmt\m ac-W-s-smp Npc-n--fbm-t\m, Ign-bm I--fpsS Hcp {]am-W-tcJ a\pjy
Pohn-X- n-ep-s- Xv Hcp a\x-im-kv{X-kn- m--am-Wv. tZhb---f-\p-jvTn-m ]m]-tam-N-\-ap-m-Ip-sa ]gb
sshZn-I-kn-m--n\v {]tXyI {]m[m\yw sImSp-p-ImWp-p-v. ]m]w sNp--h arXypsh {]m]n-bvp-sav
Hcp tLmc-in-m-hn-[nbpw hnfw-_cw sN-s-n-cn-bvpp. Hcp a\p-jy ]pWy-hm-\m-IpI bPvR--fn-eq-sS-b;
k{]-hr-n-If
- n-eq-sS-bmWv: ""Hcp a\p-jy k{]-hrn-IsImv \h\pw No hrn-I sImv Noh\pw Bbn- o-cp-p.'' hopw ""a\p- jy Cm-i- n-bp
Pohn-bm-Wv. Cu temI-n Ah hnNm-cn-p-t- ]mse-s ]c- tem- Ipw Bbn-o-cpw.'' AXp sImmWv
\tmSv \-Xns\ Cn-bvm\pw \-Xp-Xs sNm\pw
hn[n-n-p--Xv. ""Ah Xs a\-p-sImv GXp-tem-I-

25

I sf {]m]n-m sImXn-mepw GXp hkvXp Inm-\m-{Kln-mepw B temI-fpw B hkvXp-fpw ]cn-ip--lrZ-b-\mb Ah\p e`y-am-bn-o-cp-p. AXp-sImp {]I-Si-n-bmb `qXnsb B{K-ln-p--h Bm-hns\ icnbm-b-dn-bp (B--{]--bm-b) D]-ks D]m-kn-bvWw.'' I-ns {]Xn-^-e-am-bn-mWv A\m-Znbpw A\-hp-am-bn-p k P\-\-a-cW
-
- -fp kwkm-c-am-bno-cp--Xv. I-kn-mw a\p-jy tZh-m arK-,
hr-e-Xm-Z-nI Ch-sb-sbmw Xs heb-n ]nSnp
Iqp- p.
bYm-n D]-\n-j-p--fpsS A`n-{]m-b-n
kap-Zm-b-tk-h\w sImt I-n \np apn e`np-I-bp-p. kzm-I- sNbvXp-sIm-n-cnp-tS-tmfw Imew \mw I-_
-
- ns \nb-a-n\p
A[o-\c
- m-bn-cn-pw. \mw Bk-n-cl
- n-Xc
- mbn Im-\pjvTm\w sNp--]w apn {]m]n-p-p. ""\obn-s\
Pohnbvs Iw \ns IpSp-m bmsXmcp Imc-Whp-an-.'' \mw P-ar-Xyp-f
- psS N-eb
- n _-cm-Im
ImcWw I- sNpp F-X kzm-]qamb I--fm-Wv. hyn-I X sNp-X
- ns
D-c-hm-Znw kzbw Gs-Sp-msX B `mcw hn[n-bpsS
Xebvtm \-{X--fp-tStbm as-n-t-sb-n-eptam
tase-Nmcn Hgn-p- amdnsmn- cp Ime- L--n Ikn-mw Cs\ \njvIjn-p. ""Hcp ]n kzbw IqSpmn AXn _-\
-\m-Ip t]mse a\p-jy
kzbw _\m-Ip-p.'' \psS apI-fn an-m-Wp
hkvXp Ccp Zpn-[n-b-. \mw Xs app sNbvXpsh I--fm-Wv, \mw kwkm-c-N-{I-n\v Cc-b-.
ZpxJm-\p-`hw ]m]-n\p Inp thX\amWv. C-c-samcm-ibw kZm-Nm-c-\n-jvTm-\-n\p in-bmb t{]c-W-bmsW Imcy-n kwi-b-an-. a\p-jys I-v
AXn-cn-Sp Nne \n_--\-I-fp-st CXn--ap-p.
\ma \s krjvSn-Xv,. Zpm-[-amb Fs-nepw Imcyw
t\cn-Sp-tm-gmWv \mam-{K-lnvp hn[w apgp-h \app
sNm-\m-hn Fp \mw a\-n-em-p-Xv.v icnbvp a\n-em-nb I-kn-mw kZm-Nmc {]b-Xv\s \ncpm-l-s-Sp-p-n-. a\-n\v hnep hbvp-n-. Cmi-nsb N-ebvn-Sp-n. Fm Icy-fpw ]qm-h- I- fpsS A\n-hm- cy- amb ]cn- Wm-a-am-sWp am{Xta AXp
]d-bp-p-p. Imcy-ambn ]cn-W-anp Hcp kz`m-h-apv
Imc-W-n-\v. {]Ir-Xn-tb-m Db \ne-bn-ep Pohmmhv AXns kzmX{yw {]tbm-Kn-bvp-n-s-n `qXIm-es BN-c-Whpw h-am-\-Im-e]cn-n-Xnbpw a\pjy-s I-v XnIpw hni-Zo-I-cW
- a
- m-bn-o-cpw.
a\p-jy {]Ir-Xn-bpsS shdp-samcp D]--a-. Ah
Xs I-t-m _e-hm-\m-Wv. hn[n-bmWv k-hpsa-n ]ns kzX{yw kw`m-hy-a
- . a\p-jy-Po-hnXw
tIhew bm{n-I-_
-
- -fpsS {]h-\a
-
- . AXn
thsd thsdbmbn ]e \ne-If
- p-apv ss\kn-I-Z-i,
{]mWm-[m-c-\n-e, Pm{K-Z-h
, _un-I-Z-i, [mn-I-\ne
Cs\ Cu Hgp-p-I At\y\yw Atm-p-an-tmpw
apdn-p-I-S- p-Ibpw Dn-tebv p Xf-n-d -p-I bpw
sNpp. a\p-jys \nav\-{]-Ir-Xnsb `cn-bvp I

knm--n\v Ah-\n-ep [mn-I-hi

- hp-ambn bmsXmcn-S-]m-Sp-an-. Pohm-m-hns kmc-XXzw kzmX-{y-am-Wv.
AXns\ D]-tbm-Knv a\p-jy\v Xs {]mIr-Xn-I--fmb
at\m-th-K-sf \ntcm-[np \nb-{n-bvm Ign-bpw.
AXp-sIm-p-X-s-bmWv Ahs PohnXw ss\KnIambn \n-bn-bv-s Ah-I
- -fpsS ]c-c
- -bn
\nv IqSp- X t{ijvT - a mbn \np- - X v . apnbvmbnsmp Ah-s Fm {]h- \-fpw \nXykz-`m-hs B[m-c-am-n-sm-m-I-cpXv; ]cn-n-Xn-IfpsS BLmXw sImp-am-b n- q-S. A-cm-m-hns
kzmX{y t{]cW sImp-Xs Bbn-cn-bv-Ww.

I-n\p cp hi--fpv; Hp hniz-hym-]n- bmWv;

atXp a\x-imkv-{X-]chpw. Hmtcm Ihpw AXns
kzm`m-hn-I-amb ]cn-Wmaw kwkm-c-n-tebvp \evI-pv. AtX kabw AXv a\pjy a\-n Hc-kv]j
- vS-[mcW ]Xn-n-bvpp; Hcp khn-ti-j-{]-hW
- X
- b
- p-f-hm-pp. Cu {]h-WX AYhm kwkvImcw As-n hmk\-b mWv \s Hcn- sNbvX {]hrn hopw
Bhn-bvm t{]cn-n-bvp--Xv. Ans\ t\mnbm Cu kwkm-c-n Hmtcm {]hr-n-bvpw AXnt-Xmb ^e-apv; AXv a\-n {]`m-hhpw sNep-pp. BZyw {]kvXm-hn Xc-n-ep I-^e
- -sf
kw_-n-t-S-tmfw \msa-{X-Xs {ian-mepw \ap-h-bn\np c-s-p-\n-evm Ign-bn-. Fm am\kn-I-{]-hW
- X
- I
- sf thW-sa-n \app \nb-{n-m
Ign-bpw. \psS `mhn-bn-ep BN-c-Ws kw_-nt-St- mfw Fmcw kw`m-hy-XI
- -fp-ap-v. B-kwbaw sImv \app ]qWy-amb at\m-hr-n-Isf ins-Sp-m Ignbpw; Zpn-Im-c-sf Xfm\pw Ignbpw.
I-]-Xn BkvXn-Iy-kn-m-tmSv s]mcp--sSp-n-sp ]e-tmgpw ]ecpw hmZn-bvm-dp-v. AJn-e{]-]
- -nepw A[n-Imcw \S-p Ahpw At_m[-hp-amb Hcp XXz-amWv Iw. AXv Cuiz-cs \nb{-W
- n-\p-t]mepw hnt[-b-a-. ss\kn-I-amb Hcp
\nbaw \S-m-m \ap-smcp \ymbm-[n-]\
- m-h-iy-an-.
]c-am-m-hns bYm-X-tbmSp s]mcp--sSm-X
I-XX
- zw. I-s--n-bp [mn-I-kn-mw ]c{_--ns kzcq-]s {]I-S-am-- em-Wv. Cu {]{In- bsb
\nb-{n-bvp-Xv Hcp Znhy-i
- n-bm-sWp kKp-Wkn-m-s A\p-k-cnv \app ]d-bm Ign-bpw. thZ-fn Cu \nb-a-kw-ln-Xsb EX-sap ]d-bpw. hcp-W\mWv EX-ns A[n-]-Xn. tZh-m-cpsS am-an-m
Imcy-sf Iw FSpp ]d-bp-p. CXv bYm-k-bpsS kzcq-]
- ns GXn-tbpw kzm-]c
- -amb CSs]-S Akm-y-am-n-opp. imkv{Xob \nb-a-fp-tSbpw {]hr-n-I-f-p-tSbpw B[p-\n-I-kn-m-hpw CtX
\n-b-n-em-sW-p--X.v Ah kzhpw An-c-hpamb ssII-S
- -en-t\mSp hntbm-Pn-bvp-p. Cuiz-c-ksb sXfn-bnm Ap-X-Ir-Xy- Bh-iy-am-sWn imkv{X- Cuiz-cs\ Fs-t-bvp-ambn \inn-p-I-gn-n-cn-pw.
Pohn-X-nepw BNm-c
- nepw I-kn-m- -s-

26

I tmse al-Xz-ta-dnb asmcp hnizm-k-{]-am-Wa- n-. PohnX-n \ap-s p kw`-h n- mepw AXn\v H-Xpn
hgn hWn \n-Ww. ImcWw Ah \psS `qXIm-es I-ns ^e-am-Wv. C\nbpw `mhn \psS
ssIbvp-n-emWv; \apv Bi-tbmSpw hnizm-k-tmSpw
IqSn {]hn-bvmw. Iw `qX-Im-e-n\v Iosgm-Xpm\pw `mhn-sb-p-dn-m-in-m\pw t{]cW \evIp-p.
AXv {]]--nse ]Zm--sfmpw AXnse hnP-b]-cm-Pb
- --sfmpw Bm-hns aln-asb kv]in-pn Fv a\p-jysc [cn-n-pp. kZm-Nmcw XsbmWv \. Db ]Z-hntbm sFiz-cytam A; htam
-hw-itam A. \ XmsX thsd \-bn.

`mhn PohnXw
]c-temI Pohn-Xs
- -n CtX-hsc kpkw-K-X-amb
Hcp nc knm-hpw Dm-bn--gn-n-n-s-nepw CXns\-n thZ-Im-e-tbpw {_mW-Im-e-tbpw hnNm-c D]-\n-j
- p-If
- n Ipsd-qSn hnI-kn--Xm-bn-mWmw. CXv ]p\ Nn-bpsS cq]-n D]-\n-j
- pI-fn apJy-amb m\w ]nSn-n-cn-p-p. Cu Bibw
BZy-a mbn iX]Y {_mWnemWv ImWp- - X v.
AXn ac-W-n\p tijw hopw hopw P\n-bvp-I,
hopw hopw acn-bvpI Fo c-h-I
- {Inbm{]-Xn-{Io-bm-cq-]-n-ep Hcp kn-{i-[m-c-Wb
- mbn {]I-Sam-Ip-p. bYm-m\w t\Sn [y-I--f-\p-jT
v np-sImv PohnXw \bn--h ac-W-tijw Aa-cXzw {]m]nbv m-\mbn hopw P\n-bvp-p. AtX kabw B
m\w t\SmsX IhyI- sf Ah-K-Wn- psImp Ime-bm-]\w sNbvX-h hopw hopw P-saSpp arXyp-hn-n-c-bmbn `hn-bvp-p. {_mWw ASp
temI-nte P\-\-ac
- -\W- \S-p--Xmbn kzoIcn-bvp-p-p. D]-\n-j-p-I-fnemb-tm B hnizmkw
Cu temI-mWv ]p\--sa hnizmk {]am-W-ambn
amdn. c-`n-{]m-b--fpw. cRvPn-n-se-n-bn-cnpp Fp
\ap-p ]dbm-\m-hn-. Nne-tm cpw Hcp-an--Xmbn
ImWmw. k-pw ZpjvI-pw Cc-^e A\p-`-h-s-Sp-p-v. Hcn-bv ]c-tem-Ipw
AXn]ns ]\--sa-Spv Cu temIpw. arX-icocw Zlnv `kvaa
- m-bn--gn-m Pohm-mhv Dz-eamb tPymXn- b-cq-]- n ]c-tem- I-bm{X XpS-tijw
DSs\ aqp am-ambn ]pXn-sbmcp Poh-\n-tep aS-pp.
{_-tmSv GIm-Im-c-am-bn-t-cp-I -bmWv Aa-cX
- zns Ghpw Db Ah-. Cu A`n-{]mbw D]-\nj-p-I-fn kv]jvS-ambn {]Xn]mZnnpv. tZhm
]ctamX kIfmbncptm AhtcmSp tNcp
Xnembncpp apn, Ctm {_w ]ZmfpsS
BZnXXzhpw. {]]-ns ]c-aa
- mb B[m-c-hp-am-bn.
AXp-s Imp {_-t m-Sp tN-bmbn imizX
PohnXw ]c-tam--X-amb tam-n-se-s-nepw \yq\X
hv \apv ]X\w `hn-p ]w Ime-ns A[nIm-c-]-cn-[n-bn-tep Xmgm\pw Hc-h
-bn \nv asmn-te-mbn XpSsc HmSn-sm-n-cnm\pw \mw \n-cm-Ipw. apn {]m]nbvm Bmhv P\-\a
- -c-W-\n-b-a-

p hnt[-b-\mWv; CtX kwkm-c-n hopw

hopw P-sa-Spv Xs hn[n \n-ln--Ww. bYmamb Aa-cXzw apm-m-p--XmWv; _p-m-cpsS
PohnXw Imem-[o-\-hp-am-W.v ""shfp-Xpw Z-lo-\-hp-amb
Bn-tbmsS hngp-p m\-tbvv Rms\m-cnbvepw t]mIm-Xn-cn-bvs'' Fsmcp {]m\ \mw
tIm-dp-v. sNbvX I-ns kz`m-h-a-\p-k-cnv
AXn-s\m Xc-n-emWv A\-c
- -Pw e`np-I. Pohmmhv kzbw t{ijvT-Po-hn-X-n-te-bvp-bv Fp
m\-n\v kz-sapw AXp-t]mse Xs-m
Xmtgmv hogp-n-S-tv \c-I-sapw ]d-bp-p. Cu
kwkm-c-P o-h nXw Bm-hns bYm Pohn-X -a;
koanX ]Zm- \-tfmSp ]n-n-Snp \np-tS-tmfw Imew \apo kwkm-c-ns ASn-aw t]dn
\S-t-n-hcpw. koan-X-tm-sSmn \np-sImv \ap-smcn-bvepw ]qs {]m]n-m Ign-bn; \ma-Xn-s\{X-s ASp-s-n-bnpw Imcy-an-. ]ptcm-KXn \nc-c-amb hnIm-k-amWv; As-n kX-Xa
- mb kmao-]yamWv. km-X-Xz-sf Xosc AI-n-bm Cuiz-c-t\mssSIyw km[n-bvpp; ]noSp kwkm-c-n-tev aS-an-. Bm-hns A\p-im-k-\a
- mWv kkmcw sImpt- in-n-p--Xv.

Hcp XXz-im-kv{X-n\pw AXns `qX-Im-e-N-cn-{X-s

Xn--f-bm-\m-hn-. ]c-tem-I-Po-hn-Xs kw_-n-p
D]-\ n-j - n- m- - n\v ]c-t em-I - n k-
v km-\hpw ZpjvI-v inbpw hn[nbvp {]mNo\ sshZnI knm--tmSpw tbmPnp
t]mtI--Xp-m-bn-cp-p. a\p-jys bYm- n-Xn-I- kz-`mhw
]pXnb ]p\- -h m-Z s {]mNo-\-a mb ]c-temI
imkv{X-t mSv tbmPn- nm {ian- p. AXn ba[s `c-W-n-ep arXm-m--fpsS B\--a-b-temI-s--nbpw ZpxJ-]q-amb AImc-t em-I-s-nbpw hn-n-p-m-bn-cpp. CXp Imc-W-ambn D]-\n-jn-m-- n- smcp hnj-aX t\cn-p. Fs- m AXn
ac-W-tijw aqp am-sf kzoI-cnt--Xp-m-bn-cpp. ""\mw Cu As {]Xn-]m-Zn-p Hcp Bjkq-hpw tIn-p-v. "Rm ]nXr-bm-\-amw tZh-bm-\amw Fn-s\ a\p-jyv cp am- tIn-pv. ]nXr-m-\p \np A-co--n-tbpw
amXr-m-\
- p ]rYn-hn-bp-tSbpw a[y-n-ep Fm
PwKa hkvXp-fpw KXn-sN-p-Xv Cu cp am--fneq-sS- - s-bmWv'' arXm- m-hn\v Xm `qan- bn shv PohnX-Im-ep sNbvX I--fpsS ^e-a\
- p-`-hn-bvm-\mbn
D]-\n-j-p-I cp am-s
- f--n-bmWv ]d-n-p-Xv. Hns\ tZh-bm\w AYhm An-mw Fp ]dbpp; {]Im-ia
- bamb amw Fw. cm-a-tXv
]nXr-bm\w AYhm [qa-am-amWv; AXm-bXv A-Imc
amw. BZy-tXv An, tPymXn-v, Alv apX-emb
hn`n am--fn-eqsS {_-temIw AYhm kXy-temI-tv \bnp-p. B temI-s-n-bm ]ns
aS-a
- n-. {_m-hns\ ]pWym-m--sfmw sNs-p, Xs cmP-[m-\n-bn D-Xk
- nw-lm-k-\
- n-en-cp-c
- pfp hnj-bm-{in-X-k--bmbn ImWp-t-S-tm-fta tZh-

27

I bm-\-am-n--ap-p. Fm Pohm-Xav mhpw {_-hp-ambn XmZmyw {]m]n-p-I-gn-m {_m-hns

knwlm-k\w Cf-Ip-I-bm-bn. tZh-bm\w ]c-ak
- --bp-ambn
sFIyw {]m]n-bvm-\p Hcp Nhn-p-hgn am{X-ambn Ahti-jn-bvp-p. ]nXr-bm-\-am-Is [qaw cm{Xn apX-emb
hgn-I -f n-e qsS N-{- t em- I - n-t ep aS- n- h -cp- n- .
Fm ]nXr-bm-\-qsS t]mIp--h X sNbvX
]pWy-I--fpsS kpJ-^- e-- f-\p- `-hn- p-I- gn-m `qanbn-tebvp Xs aS-n-hc
- p-p. hnh-cnp-tm hfsc
hyXym-k- ImWpw. Iujo-X-In-{_m-Wn-\p-kcnv ac-W-tijw Fmhcpw BZy-ambn t]mIp-Xv N{tem-I-n-te-bvm-Wv. hfsc Ip-dp t]tc AhnsS \np
]nXr-bm-\-am-ambn {_-tem-I-n-tep t]mIp-p-p.
_mn-bp- -h \m\m-cq-]--fmb X-fpsS I--fpsS
tabpw m\-ns am{X-bp-a-\p-k-cnp a\p-jy
sXmp ]pgp hsc-bp hnhn-[-cq-]--fmb {]mWn-Po-hn-X-fn-tebvv aSn hcp-p. tZh-bm-\hpw ]nXr-bm-\hpw
A\p-{I-a -ambn {]Im-i-tem-I- n\pw A-Im-c-tem-In\pw AYhm Am-\-tem-I - n\pw Xpey-am-W v.
AXmWv \s kwkm-c-n _np \np-X
- v.
aqm-a-sXmcp am-s--nbpw ]d-bp-p-v. AXv AIm-cm-hr-Xhpw ZpxJ-a-b-hp-amb Hcp temI-n-tebvv \bnbvp-p. ""Ahpw shhpw HSp-nb Id-hv taen
s]dm tijn-bp-an-m NS ]ip-sf Zm\w sNp-h B\-- iq-\y- amb temIs {]m]np-p.'' ]pgp-fpw
{]mWn-Ifpw Cg- Pm-Xn-Ifpw Cg-bp- Xpw Pp- Pohnpw
Npw Ign-bp--Xp-amb aqm-as hgn-bm-Wn-Xv. {_tmSv XmZmyw kmm-cnp Ign kzX-t{mm-hn\v Xs apn-mbn aspw t]mtIn hcp-n. Ah-s\-hn-s S-bm-bmepw {_m-\--a\
- p-`-hn-bv p-p.
""Ahs {]mW- Fpw t]mIp-n-. {_-am-bnsmv {_-kz-cq-]-ns ebn-pp.'' apn
{]m]n--h acp am-n-eq-sSbpw t]mIp-n. apn
{]m]n-bvm Ib- dn-tm- Ip- - h-cmWv tZh-bm-\-qsS bm{X
sNp-X
- v. {Ia-n-ep Btcm-lWw hn-s-n-p-Xp-sImv {Ia-ap-n-bpsS am-sap ]d-bp-p.
ac-W-tm-Sp-I qsS Bmhpw \in-bv pp F
`uXn-I-ho--Ws D]-\n-j- n--I-m A\p-Iq-enpn- . Ahp PohnXw XpSp-\n-p-sa Dd hnizmk-apv. ico-c-\m-i-n\npw AXo-Xa
- mbn kpc-n-Xambn \np Ftm Hp-spw A`n-{]m-b-ap-v.
FhnsS t\mn-bmepw ]c-kv]c
- -hn-cp-
- -fmb kev]--fmWv ImWp-I. aX-Im-cy-n-em-sW-n sshZn-Iamb _lp-tZ-hh
- m-Zhpw b-fpw D]-\n-j-p-I-fnse
GtI-iz-c-hm-Zhpw Bo-bPn-hn-Xhpw Dun-bp-d
- n--Xmbn
ImWmw. kap-Zm-b-X -e
- n PmXn-t`-Za
- pv; AXns
ImTn\yw Ipd-bvm hniz-hym-]-I-amb DZm-c-`m-h-hp-ap-v.
]c-tem-I -hn-j-b -n-em-sW-n \c-I- k-
- ]-tmSp
IqSnb ]p\ knm--ap-v. Fm icnsb sXv
Aan--fp. {_m-Wo-b-aXw AXns Fm Ahyh--I-tfmSpw ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp---fmb \nc-h[n k-]-

-tfmSpw IqSn D]-\n-j

- p-Ip tijhpw _p-Im-en\p app-ap CS-m-ev ]c-a-tIm-Snsb {]m]n-n-cpp. [mn-I-ambn hc _m[n Ime-am-bn-cpp AXv;
Ap kXyw I-]n-Snv ]mc--cy-am-bn-o-ncp-p. kZmNmcw Iv Zn\-k-cn-bm-bn-tm-bn-cp-p. PohnXw A\p-jvTm\-]c
- --cb
- m-bn. am\-ht- N-X\
- sb hnln-Xh
- y-h--I-tfmSpw
I-hy-I- -fp-t Sbpw Ccp-p-I q-n Atm-p-antmpw Npn-n-cn-p. A-cow {Inbm-I-em-]--fm
izmk-wapn GsX-n-ep-samcp a{w sNmm-sXtbm NS-\p-jvSn-m-sX-tbm, Hcmp-W-cmt\m InS--hnp Fgp-tevm-t\m, Ifn-mt\m, ucw sNm-t\m, apJw IgpImt\m {]mX Ign-bvmt\m \nhr-n-bn-m \ne
hp. p{Zhpw \njv{]-tbm-P-\-hp-amb Hcp k{-Zm-b-n
\nm-c
- -fmb anYym-hn-izm-k- \nd-p-In-S-n-cp
Hcp Ime-L- a
- m-bn-cpp AXv. ipjvIhpw lrZ-b-lo-\-hpamb Hcp Zi-\]
-
- -Xn-bp-m-bn-cpp AXn\v; hc-Xpw
]nSn-hm-Z-ap--Xp-amb Hcp aX-ns ka-\hpw AXn\v
e`n-p. AXv Ir{Xn-a-Xzhpw AXn-it- bm-nbpw \nd-Xm-bn-cp-p. Npcpw hnNm-c-io-e-m-sct]mepw Xr]vXn-sSp-m AXn\ Xosc Ign-n-cp-n-, A[nIw hcp
_lp-P-\s ZoL-Im-e-tp Xr-]vXn-s-Sp-m\pw
Ign-n-. D]-\n-j
- p-If
- nse GtIizc-hm-Zhpw thZnse _lp-tZ-h-Xm-hm-Z-hpw, D]-\n-j-p-If
- nse Bob-Po-hn-Xhpw sshZn-I-amb b-{I-a-hpw, D]-\n-j-pIfnse tam--kw-km-c-fpw thK-nse b-{I-a-hpw,
D]-\n-j-nse hniz-hym- ]Xzhpw km[m-c-W-amb PmXn t`Zhpw, Xosc Aim-kv{Xo-b-amb Cu Zz--[n-II
- mew
Hnp tbmPnp Ign-bm h-mXmbn. ]p\\nmWw
Ime-L--ns AXym-hi
- y-am-bn-o--p. a\p-jys
km[m-c-W-Po-hn-X-n-tev Cd-n-h-cm Ign-bp XXzK-l\
- hpw IqSp-X [mn-Ih
- p-amb Hcp aXamWv B
Ime-Lw {]Xo-n-n-cp--Xv. _p-a-X-mcpw ssP\cpw
NmhmI-m AYhm `uXn-Ih
- m-Zn-Ifpw Ap \S-n-encp aX-ns Ir{Xn-a-kz-`mhw Nqn-m-Wn-pIbpmbn. BZyw ]d cp Iq Bm-hns [mn-Im-hiy-sf Dun--d-p-sImp aX-ns ]p\\nmW-n\p {]b-Xv\n-p. Ah D]-\n-j m-\-ns
kZm-Nm-c-]-c-amb k-hym-]n-Xzs \n-ln-m {ianp-I-bp-m-bn. Fm AtX-k-abw X {_m-WPm-Xn-bpsS {]mam-Wy-n \npw b-]-X
- n-If
- n
\npw \S-p aX-n \npw Xosc _-a
- p-t]m-Xmbn Ah Icp-Xn. `K-hKo-Xbpw ]no-Sp-mb D]\n-j-p-Ifpw `qX-Im-es Ah-ew-_n-bvm Aimkv{Xo-b-XX
- z-sf IqSp-X kwc--W-`m-ht- msS ka\z-bn-n-bvp-hm ]cn-{iaw \S-n. D]-\n-j
- p-Iptijw ]no-Sp Ime-L-
- n \mn \S-p-m-bncp aX-n-s-Xn-cmbn AXyw ITn-\-amb bmYm-nXnI {]Xn-tj-Z- cmPy-ns hnhn-[-`m-K--fnepw cq]wsImpshp hcmw; _p-aX
- hpw ssP\-a-Xhpw IngZn-nepw `K-hKoX {]mNo-\-ssh-Zn-I-a-X-ns tImbm-bn-cp ]Sn-m-d {]tZ-i-pw.

28

29

D]-\n-jv kam-lm-c-s-n

1. D]-\n- jv thZ-a-{--fpsS hymJym-\- am-Wv. Cuim-hm-ky-D-]- \n- jv ip- b-Pqth-Z-ns \mXmw

Aym-b-am-Ip-p. ap {][m-\-amb Ztim-]-\n- j-p-I Bc-Wy-I--fpsStbm {_m-W-fpsStbm
`mK-am-Ip-p. thZ-a-{m-Jym-\--fmb D]-\n-j-p-Ip thZmw F t]cp-Iq-Sn-bp-v. ]c-{_-ns kKp-W-\npW kzcq-]-f
- mb XXz-sf D]-\n-j
n Ns-p-p. D]-\n-j-p-Ip
hn`n k{-Zm-b--fn-ep BNm-cy-m Ah- cpsS \X-a-\p-k-cnp `mjyw cNn-n-cn-p-p.
D]-\n-j
p-I 108 Fw Dv. Cu 108 D]-\n-j
n Ztim-]-\n-j
n-\mWv Ghpw IqSpX {]m[m-\yw. Ah Cuiw, tIXw, ITw, {]iv\w, ap-Iw, sFX-tc-bw, OmtmKyw, _rl-Zm-cWyw Chbm-Ip-p. Nne ]n-X- m tizXm-iz-cw, ssIjo-XIn F cp D]-\nj-p-IqSn CtXm-sSmp
tNv ]{-sw Ghpw {][m-\-ambn Icp-Xp-p. _mn-bp D]-\n-j-p-I A]-c-[m-\-am-bnp
BNm-cym Icp-Xp-p. Ztim-]-\n-j-p-Ip {ioi--c XpS-n-bp-h
- `mjyw cNn-n-p-v.
D]-\n-j-p-I 108 IqSp-Xembn 144 Dsp ]d-bp--hcpw Dv. AX 183 BWv F
A`n-{]m-b-mcpw Dv. Fm BNm-cy-m Ch-bvsmpw `mjy- \In-bn-n-.
2. D]-\n-j-ns temI-tbvp R (B. eoem-tZ-hn) IS-p-sN-p-Xv Fgp-ns BZy-Im-emWv. AXm-bXv 19mw Ime-L--n- Inm-hp-n-S-tmfw D]-\n-j
p-I iJ-cnv ]Tn-p. {ioi-cs hymJym- tmsSbp `mjy- ae- bm- f-n Inm- \p- v. {io. F. F. chn- h- sb- tm- ephcpsS
hymJym\w hmbn--tm ae-bm-f-n asmcp hnh-\-n\p m\- an-s-p IcpXn B Nn Ahkm-\n-n-p. R hmnb {K-fn {io. lcn-Ir-jvW-Zmkv tKmb--Im-bpsS hymJym\w hmbn--tm
AXv Fs BIjn-p. Atlw efn-X-ambn XXz-Nn--I Ah- X- cn-n-n-cn-p-p. At-l-ns coXn
Ah-ew-_np ""HXv D]-\n-j-p-I'' FgpXn hnZymn-an{Xw _pp-Un-tmbvp sImSpp. AXn\p
henb klI-c-Whpw e`n-p. {]kn--s-Sp-nb DSXs AXp hnp-Xo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. D]-\n-jns temIp CXn\p thdn-smcp kzc-ap-m-bn-cp-p.
""H]Xv D]-\n-j-n-''s\-n Aev]w-IqSn ]d-bmsX h. B. eoem-tZhn Khsav Aym-]nI-bm-bn-cp-p. Av km Poh-\-m-c ]pkvX-I-sa-gp-X-W-sa-n km A\p-hmZw thW-am-bncp- p. km-cn- tebvp At] Ab-p. AXv \nc-kn- - Xp-sImv ]pkvX-I-n Fs t] am{XamWv
hn-cp--Xv. Cu \ntj[w km- cn-s\-smv \nbaw amm- \p {]tm-]-W-n\p XpS--an- Sp-I-bpm- bn.
"H]Xp D]-\n-jv' kmln-Xy-A-m-Z-anp hnin-jvS-{K--ambn ]cn-K-Wn-m\mbn Ab-bvm
]ecpw ]d-XpsImv Ab-p. 600 cq] klm-bhpw 20 {K- Am-Z-anp \Im\pw D-chmbn. Av kmln-Xy-A-m-Z-an-bn-ep-m-bn-cp {io. kpIp-am Ago-tmSv Cu {K-ns t{]c-W-bm
""XXz-akn'' F {Kw cNn-p-I-bp-m-bn.
ae-bmfn-ep 108 D]-\n-jv Xncp-h-\--]pcw FUyp-tjW ]n-tj-gk
v ns ASpp
hp. Cu Imew 108 D]-\n-j-p-I hnh\w sNbvXn-cn-p-Xv Fkv. B. hn. sslkvIq-fnse
lnn Aym-]-I\
- mb ]mp-f-c `mkvI-c \mb-cm-bn-cp-p. At-lw-X-s A-Sn-n {Kw
hn-\-bvmbn AhnsS Gn--Xm- bn-cp-p. al-mb Hcp {ia-^-e-ambncpp AXv. ""\apv Hv
t\mn-bmtem?'' FUyp-t-j kt-kns DS-a-bmb cma-\m-Y tNmZnp. Rm adp-]Sn ]d-n-. 108
D]-\n-j
ns kwkvIrX-{Kw Atlw Fs Gn-p. hon sImp-h-p-h--X-msX AXntep IS-n-. ""kwkvIr-X- en]n ae-bm-f-n-se-gp-Xn-bm aXn'' ]eXpw Ihn-X-b-, KZy-ams-WmWv Ah
]d-- Xv. Ipdv t\cw-t]m-n-\mbn amn-h--Xm-bn-cp-p.
Imew IS-p-t]mbn. `mcy IS-p-t]m-bn. Fmw amdn-a-dn-p. Fgpp Rm \ndp-nb ambn.
]ns Ah XpS-n-h-Xp ]q-bm-m\p Hcp Nn-h-p. ]eXpw Xnc-s-Sp-v kplr-psf Gn-p.
{]imn ]n-tjgvkns DSa {io. them-bp[ \mb-cmWv Fs kplrv. ]ca`,
Atlw Hcp Znhkw Ztim-]-\n-j-n-tep IS-p. AXp-{]-kn-o-I-cn-m Bh-iy-s-p. Ah B-hnizm-k-tmsS, ktm-j-tmsS \In. ]ns AXns XpS-bmbn 108 XnI-b
v m Atlw Bhiy-s-p. As\ Rm hopw XpSsgpXn.
`K-hms A\p-{K-l-n\p {]mn-p-sIm-v.
hn. _me-Ir-jvW

31

DSw

1.

Cuim-hm-tkym-]\
- n-jv............................ 33

27.

IT- cp-t{Zm-]-\n-jv.......................................... 411

2.

ItTm-]-\n-jv................................................ 39

28.

Ien-k
- -c-tWm-]-\n-jv............................. 115

3.

tIt\m-]-\n-jv............................................ 67

29.

Imem-n-cp-t{Zm-]-\n-jv............................... 416

4.

aptIm]-\n-jv...................................... 75

30.

Ipn-tIm-]\
- n-jv...................................... 418

5.

amq-tIym-]-\n-jv.................................. 91

31.

IrjvtWm-]-\n-jv......................................... 420

6.

IuX-Io-{_m-t- Wm-]-\n-jv.................. 95

32.

ssIh-teym-]\
- n-jv...................................... 423

7.

ssXo-co-tbm-]-\n-jv............................ 112

33.

pcp-tIm-]\
- n-jv......................................... 426

8.

tizXm-iz-X-tcm-]\
- n-jv........................... 141

34.

KW-]-Xyp-]\
- n-jv......................................... 428

9.

sFX-tc-tbm-]-\n-jv................................. 167

35.

Kcp-tUm-]\
- n-jv............................................ 430

10.

{]ivt\m-]-\n-jv......................................... 175

36.

Kt`m-]-\n-jv................................................ 433

11.

Omtm-tKym-]-\n-jv................................. 191

37.

Kmb{Xo D]-\n-jv........................................ 436

12.

_rl-Zm-cW
- y-tIm-]\
- n-jv....................... 277

38.

Kmb-{Xo-c-l-tkym-]-\n-jv.......................... 441

13.

Ayp]-\n-jv............................................. 362

39.

tKm]me-]qh-Xm-]n-\yp-]-\n-jv............... 444

14.

A]q-tPm-]-\n-jv..................................... 366

40.

NXpth-tZm-]\
- n-jv..................................... 448

15.

A[ym-tm-]-\n-jv...................................... 367

41.

Nmp-tjm- ]\
- n-jv...................................... 450

16.

AZz-b-Xm-c-tIm- ]\
- n-jv............................... 374

42.

Pm_m-e-Zi-t\m-]-\n-jv........................... 451

17.

AYh-in-tcm-]\
- n-jv................................. 377

43.

Pm_m-eyp-]\
- n-jv......................................... 467

18.

Aar-X-\m-t Zm-]\
- n-jv................................... 382

44.

Xpco-bm-Xn-tXm-]- \n-jv................................ 469

19.

Ah-[q-tXm-]-\n-jv...................................... 386

45.

Xpf-kyp-]-\n-jv............................................ 470

20.

Btm-]-\n-jv............................................. 389

46.

{XninJn{_m--tWm-]-\n-jv..................... 472

21.

B-{]-t_m-t[m-]- \n-jv........................... 393

47.

[ym\-_n-q-]\
- n-jv...................................... 484

22.

B-t_m-t[m-]-\n-jv................................ 396

48.

Zn-Wm-a qyp-]-\n-jv........................... 493

23.

Bcp-Wn-tIm-]-\n-jv.................................... 400

49.

tZhyp-]-\n-jv................................................. 496

24.

EtKz-Zob kckzXyp-]\
- n-jv.................... 402

50.

Zztbm-]-\n-jv................................................. 499

25.

B{i-tam-]-\n-jv.......................................... 408

51.

\mZ-_n-q-]-\n-jv.......................................... 500

26.

GIm-tcm- ]\
- n-jv.................................... 410

52.

\mc-Z]
- -cn-{hm-P-tIm-]\
- n-jv........................ 504

32

53.

\mcm-b-Wm-Yin-tcm-]\
- n-jv..................... 534

81.

bm-he
- vtIym-]-\n-jv............................ 711

54.

\ncm-e- tm-]-\n-jv....................................... 536

82.

tbmK-IpWvUeyp]-\n-jv........................... 715

55.

\nhm-tWm-]-\n-jv...................................... 539

83.

tbmK-Nq-Um-aWn D]-\n-jv........................ 727

56.

\oe-cp-t{Zm-]-\n-jv........................................ 540

84.

tbmK-X-tXzm-]-\n- jv..................................... 737

57.

\rknw-l-]qh- Xm-]n- \yp-]-\n-jv

...................... 543

85.

tbmK-cm-tPm-]-\n-jv..................................... 747

58.

\rknw-l-jvS -N-t{Im-]-\n-jv...................... 553

86.

cmt[m-]\
- n-jv................................................. 749

59.

]-{_-tm-]-\n-jv................................... 554

87.

cp{Z-lr-Z-tbm-]-\n- jv..................................... 750

60.

ss]wK-tem-]-\n-jv....................................... 558

88.

cp{Zm-Pm-_m-tem-]-\n-jv........................ 755

61.

]c-a -lw-tkm-]-\n-jv.................................... 566

89.

cpt{Zm-]- \n-j v................................................. 759

62.

]c-a-lw-k]
- c
- n-{hm-P-tIm-]\
- n-jv.............. 567

90.

emwKq-tem-]-\n-j v......................................... 760

63.

]c-{_-tm-]-\n-jv....................................... 571

91.

h{P-kq-Nn-tIm-]-\n-jv.................................. 762

64.

]mip-]X
- -{_-tm-]-\n-jv........................... 575

92.

ic-t`m- ]-\n-jv................................................ 764

65.

{]W-thm-]-\n-jv........................................... 580

93.

imSym-b-\o-tbm-]\
- n-jv............................... 768

66.

{]mWm-n-tlm-t{Xm-]-\n-jv..................... 582

94.

imnteym-]-\n-jv..................................... 773

67.

_rlvhy-tNm-]-\n-jv................................... 585

95.

imco-cn-tIm-]-\n-jv....................................... 787

68.

{_-_np]-\n-jv...................................... 586

96.

inh-k-e
- vt]m-]\
- n-jv................................ 789

69.

{_-hn-tZym-]- \n-jv.................................... 588

97.

ipI- c-l-tkym-]\
- n-jv.................................. 790

70.

{_tm-]\
- n-jv............................................. 596

98.

{iocm-a-]qh-Xm-]n-\yp-]-\n-jv................... 795

71.

`np-tIm-]\
- n-jv......................................... 599

99.

kt\ym-tkm-]- \n-jv..................................... 801

72.

aWvU-e-{_m--tWm-]-\n-jv..................... 600

100. kc-kz-Xo-c-l-tkym-]-\n-jv....................... 813

73.

a{n-tIm-]-\n-jv.......................................... 607

101. kmhn-{Xyp-]- \n-jv......................................... 819

74.

alm-\m-cm-b-tWm-]\
- n-jv........................... 609

102. kotXm-]-\n-jv............................................... 820

75.

alm-hm-tIym-]-\n-jv................................... 641

103. kqtcym-]-\n-jv.............................................. 824

76.

atlm-]-\n-j v................................................. 642

104. ku`m-Ky-evao D]-\n-jv........................ 826

77.

apn-tIm-]\
- n-jv......................................... 680

105. kvItm-]\
- n-jv............................................ 831

78.

apZvK-tem-]-\n-jv........................................... 691

106. kzkw-th-tZym-]-\n-jv.................................. 833

79.

ssass{X-b-Wyp-]-\n-jv............................. 695

107. kh-k-tcm-]-\n-jv...................................... 834

80.

ssat{X-p-]\
- n-jv........................................ 705

108. lwtkm-]-\n-jv............................................. 837

33

Cuim-hm-tkym-]-\n-jv

Cuim-hm-tkym-]-\n-jv ip-bP
- -iqthZ ImWz-imJob kwln-X-bpsS \mev]-X m-as A[ym-ba
- m-Ip-p.
a{`m-K-ns Awiw Bb-Xp-sImv CXn\p {]tXy-Iamb alXzw Iev]n- n-cn-p-p. b-P-qthZnse BZys
ap-n-H]Xv Aym-b-- fn I-Im-- s- n {]Xn]m-Zn-p-p. CXv B Im-ns Ah-km-\- `mKamWv.
ChnsS `K-h-XvXzkzcq-]PvRm\Im-s \ncq-]Ww
sNp- p.

]-Xnbpw k-i-n-am\pw kPvR\pw k Ieym-Wkz- cq-]\pw Bb ]c- ta-iz- c-\m hym]vX-am- bn- cn-p- p. Fmm-epw At-l-m ]cn-]q-am-Ip-p. (KoX 9-4).
CXns bmsXmcp `mKhpw Atlm cln-X-am-bn-cn- pn (KoX 10-39, 42). Cs\ Nnnv B Cuiz-cs\ \nccw Xtm-Sp-IqSn A[n-h-kn-n-p-sIm-v, kZm Atls kvacn-p-sIm-v, Cu {]]--n aa-Xbpw Bknbpw XyPnp I-hy-]m-e-\-n-\mbn am{Xw hnj-bsf bYm-hn[n D]-t`mKw sNp-hn, AXm-bXv hniz-cqD]-\n-j-pfn Ghpw BZy-tXv Cuim-hmky]n-bmb Cuiz-cs ]qP-bvp-thn am{Xw I-sf
amWv. Cu D]-\n-j-ns BZy a{w ""Cuim-hm-kyw.''
BN-cn-p-hn. hnj-b--Sn-a-bm-Ip-hm a\-ns\
F hmIyw- sImv Bcw-`n-p-- Xn-\m CXn\v Cu t]cpA\p- h - Z n- - c p- X v . CXn \np \n- b - a mbpw
m-bn.
awKfapm- Ipw. Cu t`mKy hkvXp- Bcp-tS-bp- a-. a\pimn- ] mTw
jy {`aw aqew Ch-bn aa-Xbpw Bk-nbpw Isp- p. Ch ]c-ta-i z-c -tXmIp- p. At-l - ns
Hmw ]q-aZ: ]q-anZw ]q-mXv
{]kX-b
v p-thn Ch-bpsS D]-tbmKw \S--Ww. CXp
]q-apZNytX
a\p-jyp-thn thZ-`-K- hms ]hn-t{Xm-]-tZ-i-am-Ip-p.

]q-y ]q-amZmb ]qtahmhinjytX*!!

Hmw imnx imnx imnx

kn-Zm-\-L
- \ ]c-{_--]p-cp-tjm--a Fm {]Imc-nepw kZm ]cn-]q-\m-Ip-p. Cu temIw B {_m ]cn-]q-am-Ip-p. ]q-Xbpw A]q-Xbpw
B ]c-{_-n \npw D-hn--Xm-W.v ]c-{_--ns
]q-X-sImv Cu PKp ]q-am-Wv. ]q-amb ]c{_-n\npw ]qXsb amp-I-bm-sW-ntmepw
]qXzw Ah-ti-jn-p-p.

1. Cuim -hm-ky-anZw kw -b-XvIn

PKXymw PKXv tX\
Xyt\ `pRvPoYm amKr[: Iky-kznZv[\w.
AJne hniz {_lm- a m- - n ImWp- I bpw
tIp-Ibpw sNp Ncm-N-c-h-kvXp--sf-mw, Ah-sbm-ntbpw km-[m-chpw k-\n-b-mhpw km-[n-

2. Ih-t-thl ImWn PnPo-hntj-Xw kamx

Ghw Xzbn \m\y-tY-tXmkvXn \
I en]ytX \tc.
]q-a-{n ]d-n-cn-p--Xp-t]mse PK-ns
GI-am-{Xm-Imhpw [mhpw lmhpw k- i-nam\pw k-a-b-\p-amb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ kvacn-p-sImv Chsbmw At-l-n- t-sXp IcpXn At-l
- ns ]qPbvmbn imkv{X- \n-b-X-amb I-hy-I- sf BN-cnp-sImv \qdp-kw-h-cw Pohn-p-hm-\m-{K-ln-p-hn.
Cuhn[w Xs PohnXw apgp-h ]c-ta-iz-c-\ p-thn
kaWw sNp-hn. imkvt{Xm--amb kzI-sf
BN-cn-p-sImp PohnXw Ign-p-Iq-p-Xp ]c-ta-iz-cs
]qP-b
v p-thn am{X-am-Ipp; X\n-p-th-n-b-. t`mKw
t`mKn-p-- Xn-\m-bn- -. shdpsX sNp- -Xn-\m B Ip \ns _-\-n AI-s-Sp-m Ign-bp-n-

34

I . I- A\p-jvTn-p-sImv Ah-bn apgp-Im-Xn-cn-

t\-m-f-[nIw Xo{h-KX
- n-tbmSp IqSn-b-h-\t- {X. a\-ns
p--Xn\v Cu Hcp am-ta-bp-q. CXn-\-Xn-cn--ambn ap KXn FhnsS hsc Fp-pthm AXn\pw hfsc A[n-I-abmsXmcp amhpw I- _-- \--fn \npw tamN\w Ise At-l-sa-p--hm-\p-Ip-p. a\-n-\m-Is Ahn-sSt\Sp-hm-\m-bn-n (KoX 250, 51; 510).
h-sc-sb-p-hm Ign-bp-n-. Atlw Fm-n-tbpw
kw_w C{]-Imcw I-_---fn\npw apn- BZnbpw m\-kz-cq-]hpw BIp-p. AYhm F-nt\-Sp--Xn-\p amw \nt-in-n-cn-pp. C\n CXn\p tbpw BZn-Im-c -W-\m-b n-c n-p- -Xp-s Imv Atlw
hncp--amb am--fn IqSn Ncn-p a\p-jy-cpsS Ahsb t\cs Adn-b p- p. Fm tZh-X- I fpw
aljn-K-W-fpw ]q-ambn At-ls Adn-bp-n
KXnsb hn-p-p.
(KoX 10-2). AXn-Xo{h thK-bp--amb _pn, a\-v,
3. Akpcym \ma tX temIm At\
C{nb AYhm hmbp BZn-bmb tZh-X-I AXmXakmhrXmx
Xns in--\p-k-c-W-ambn ]c-ta-iz-cs A\p-k-m-\XmwkvtX t{]Xym-`n-K-n tb tI
n kZm ]mp- sIm-n- cn- p- p. Fm ]c-ta-iz- c
NmXv alt\m P\mx
\nXy\pw AN-e -\p-am-b n-cp-p-s Im-p-X- \s\ Ah-sbsbmw ISp aptmp s]mbvsm-n-cn-p-p. Cham\-h-i-cocw ap Fm ico-c--tfbpw At]-np
bvsmpw At-l-ns ASp-p-hsc Fm Ignt{ijvThpw ]ca Zp-`hpw BIp-p. AXp-t]mse CXv
bp- n-. koam-cm-ln- Xy-s--n-bp hnhcw koa-bn HXpPohn-Ip `K-hms {]tXyI Ir]-sImv P\-\-a-c-W-cqn--gn-bp--h Fs\ A\p-am-\n-pw. hmbp apX-emb
]-amb kwkm-ckmKc-n \op--Xn-\mbn Inn-b-Xm-IptZh-If
- n AS-n-bn-cn-p in Pe-hj-Ww, {]Imp. Cs\ icocw e`n- n- p a\p- jy Xs I- sf
iw, {]mWn-{]m-W-k- m-cWw apX-emb I--fn Ah
Cuiz-c-]q- P-bvmbn kan- m-sX, Imat`mK- - sf-s
hn\n-tbm-Kn-p-p. Ah-sbmw ANny in-bmb ]cPohn-X-ns ]c-a-e
- y-sap IcpXn hnj-bm-k-nta-iz-cs alm-i-n-bpsS tIhew Awiw am{X- am-Ip-p.
bnepw A`n-em-j-p-th-nbpw Hmtcmtcm hn[-n
At-l-ns kl-tbmKw Cs-n Ahsmpw
tIhew hnj-bk
- p-J--fnepw Ah-bpsS btY-jvS-amb
sNm km[y-a-.
D]t`mKfnepw apgp-In--gn-bp- p. C-s\-bp- -h
hmkvX-h- n Bm-hns lXy Xs \S- p-p. Fp kw_w C\n ]c-ta-iz-cs ANny in-tbbpw
sIms-m C{]- Imcw ]X- \-n- tep \op- -h X- hym]-I-X-tbbpw ]n hopw hn-p-p.
fpsS Pohs\ hy-ambn \in-n-pI am{X-a Xsf
5. XtZ-PXn Xss-PXn XZvZptc XZz-n-tI.
Hp-IqSn Bg-n I- _---fn Ipcp-p-I-bmWp
XZ--cky khky XZp kh-kymky
sNp--Xv. Cu Imam-k--cm-b-h Ah Bsc-n-ep-am_mlyXx
I-s, Ah temI-n henb t]cpw bipw ssh`hhpw A[n-Im-c-fpw t\Sn- bn- p- -h-cm-Is ac-Wm- \-cw
]c-ta-iz-c Nenpw Nen-m-sXbpw Ccn-p-p. Htc
I- ^- e- am-bp iqI- c, IqI- c, IoS- ]- Xw-KmZn hn`n- - timI Ime-n ]c-kv]c hncp- -- fmb `mh-fpw KpW-fpw
km] ]q-amb Akp-c- tbm-\n-I-fnepw `b-c \c-I-- {Inb-Ifpw At-l-n-eS- -n-bn-cn-p-p. CXv At-lfnepw Ae-tb-- Xmbn hcpp (KoX 16-16, 19, 20). CXv C{]- ns ANny in-bpsS aln-a-bm- Ip-p. ap Xc-n
Im- c-ap Akpc kz`m- h- tm- Sp-Iq-Snb ZpjvS- mp- thn ]d-m `K-hm Xs Znhy ]c-a-[m-a-nepw eoem-[m-a\n- bn--s- n-p-Xpw `oI-c-amb A- Im-c-m Bm- nepw Xs {]nb-s `-mp kpJw \evIp--XnZn-Xhpw BIp-p. a\p-jy Xs kzbw D-cn--Ww, \mbn B {]mIrX kKp-W-km-Im-c-cq-]
- n {]I-S-ambn
kzw ]X\w Dm--cpXv F KoX-bn `K-hm CXp- eoe \S-p-p. CXp `K-hms Ne-\m-h--bm-Ip-p.
sImp ]d-n-cn-pp (KoX 65).
\np-W-cq]w `K-hms AN-em-h- -bm-Ip-p. CtX coXnkw_w temI-hym-]n-bm-bn-cn-p B ]c-ta-iz-cs\ bns `K-hm t{]c-ln-X-cmb a\p-jyp Zi\w
kZm kvacn-p-sImv At-l-ns ]qP-b
v mbns \Ip-n- . AXm-bXv Ahsc kw_- n-n-Stmfw B
Fm I-fpw sN-Ww. AsX-s\? AtX-n ]d- ]cm-in hf-scb[nIw AI-se-bmbn nXn-sN-pw. adnv, t{]a-ns hnfn tIp kabw t{]an-P-\--fpsS
bpp;
apn {]Xy--s-Sp-p. t{]an-P\sf kw_-np ]c4. At\-P-tZIw a\tkm Photbm
ta-iz-c kZm-k-a-bhpw \nI-S-hn-bmbn nXn-sN-pss\\-thm B]v\p h ]qh-ajXv
p. CXp IqSmsX `K-hm kZm k{X ]cn-]q-\pw.
Xm-h tXm \ym\-tXyXn XnjvT-CXp-sImv Ghpw AI-sebpw AXp-t]mse Ghpw
kvan-t]m amX-cnizm Z[m-Xn. ASppw Ahn-Sps kmnyw {]I-S-am-Ip-p. FpsIm-s-m `K-hms kmn-y-an-m Hcn-Sw- t]mepw
km--cym-anbpw k in-am\pw Bb ]c-ta-izCu PK-n Ahtijn-p-n-. AJn-e-nepw Ac AN-e\pw GI\pw BIp-p. Fn-cp-mepw a\-n-

35

I cym-an-bm-bn-cn-p--Xp-Im-cWw Atlw \tmSv AXyw

ta hnh-cn-n-p--Xp-t]mse ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Fm-hn-[kao-]-m-bn-cn-p-p. Fm Am-\n-I-fm-bn-p--h nepw ImWp-Ibpw Adn-bp-Ibpw sNp alm ]pcpAt-ls Cu cq]-n Xncn--d n-bp-n-. Ahsc j ip`m-ip` I-P-\nX {]mIr-X-kq-va-i-co-c\pw ]kw_-n- n-S-tmfw Atlw hfsc hfsc AI- se-bmbn `u-XnI, An, kncm, amwkm-Zn-ab jUvhn-Im-c-bp
nXn-s N-pp (KoX 13-15). `K-hm Cu ImWp qe- tZ- l- c-ln- X\pw On{Z- c-ln- X\pw Znhy- k-n- Zm- \- -L-\\w
kakvX PK-n\pw ]c-am-[m-chpw ]ca Ic-W\pw BIp- AXp-t]mse {Im-Zinbpw AJn-e-tbpw Xs \nbp. AXn-\m AIpw ]pdpw Fm epw vdW
- -n shbvp km-[n-]-Xnbpw kzm`o-jvSAtlw ]cn-]q-\m-bn-hn-pp (KoX 77).
m {]I-S-am-Ip--h\pw k\m-X-\-Imew apX kI-e-Pokw_w C\n ASp cp a{--fn-embn Cu ]c- h-cm-in-Ipw-thn Ah-bpsS Im\pkc-W -amb
{_-]
- -c-ta-iz-cs\ Adn-bp alm-]p-cp-j-m-cpsS nXn- Fm hkvXp--tfbpw krjvSnp hn`-P\w \S-p--h\pw
Bb B ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ {]m]nsb-n hn-p-p.
p-p.

6. bkvXp khmWn {`Xm-\ym-t\y-hm-\p-]-iyXn

kh-`q-tXjp Nmm\w XtXm \
hnPq-Kp- ] vk-tX.

kw_w ASp aqp a{--fn-embn hnZy-bp-tSbpw

Ahn-Zy-bp-tSbpw XXz- hnh-cn-p-p. Cu {]I-c-Wn ]c- {_-{- ]m-]vXn-p km[-\-bmb m\s
hnZy F t]cnepw kzmZn temI-{]m]vXn AYhm Cu
temI-nse hnhn[ t`mssK-iz-cy-{]m-]vXn-p-th-n-bp
km[m-cW Is AhnZy F t]cnepw hnfn-p-p.

C{]-Imcw bmsXm-cp- kIe {]mWn-h-tbpw

km-[m-c-am-bn-cn-p ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a-\n, ]c{_- - n ImWp-Ibpw AXp-t]mse ]c- {_-s {]mWn9. Aw Xa: {]hn-in tbhnZym-ap-]m-ktX
h-n Zin-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm Ah\v Bsc-sbnepw shdp-p-hmt\m tZzjn-p-hmt\m Fs\ Ignbpw?
XtXm `qb Ch tX Xtam b D
Ah kZm ka-bhpw Xs ]c-am {]`p-hns\ Zin-phnZymbmw cXm:.
sImv (KoX 629, 30) a\-q-ambn AJn-e-tbpw {]WbmsXm-cp-h t`mK--fn Bk--\mbn Ah-bpsS
an-p-I-bpw kI-e-tcbpw tkhn kuJy-ap-m-m
{]m]vXn-p km[-\m-cq-]-amb Ahn-Zysb \m\m-{]-Im-cBin- p-Ibpw sNp-p.
ap I-mbn A\p-jvTn-p-pthm Ah B
7. bkvan khmWn `qXm-\ym-Xvssa-hm
I--fpsS ^e-kz-cq-]-ambn Am-\m--Im-c-m
-`q-Zzn-Pm-\Xx
]cn-]q-amb hnhn[ tbm\n-I-tfbpw t`mK--tfbpw
{]m]n-p-p. Ah a\p-jy-P--ns ]c-a-e-y-amb
X{X tIm tamlx Ix timI
{io]-c- ta-iz-cs\ {]m]n-msX \nc--c-am-bp P\-\-a-c-WGI-Xz-a-\p]iyXx
cq-]-am-Ip {]]--{]-hm-l-nsp hnhn-[--f mb
C{]-Imcw a\p-jy ]c-am-m-hns\ \mbn Xncn-n-dnkm-]- A\p-`h
- np Ign-tb--Xmbn hcp-p. cm-abp-tm, Pohn-I-fn Ah ]c-am-m-sh GI-am{X
Xmbn bmsXm-cp- Ax-Ic
- -W-ip-np thn-b-mXXzs Zin-ptm, Ah\p kZm-k-a- bhpw ]c-am-msXbpw
{kjv
S
ms
h
p
am\yX
AwKo-I-cn-m-sXbpw
hns Zi\w e`n- p-s Im- n-c n- p- p. Cu kabw
Ahs Ax-I-c-W-n timI-tam-lm-Zn-hn-Im-c-v I- A\p- jvTn- p-Ibpw hnthI sshcm- KymZn m\Fs\ m\-ap-m-bn-cnpw? timI-tam-lm-Zn-hn-Im-c-- ns {]mY-anI km[-\-I-fn-msX tkhn-p-Ibpw sNpfpsS Omb-t]mepw Ahs lrZ-ba
- -WvU-e-n Gim- p. Fm tIhew imkv{X- ]mT tInv kzbw hnZy-hn[w Ah B\--a--\m-b n-o-c p-p. a\p-jy bpsS m\-ns anYy-tcm]w sNbvXv m\m-`n-am-\nAhs\ Fmw {]hn-p-- h-\mbn ImWm-dp- s- nepw bm-bn-c n-p-Ibpw C-s\-bp anYym-m\n kzbw
B ka-bpw Ah Xs \mY-t\mSp IqSn Dm-k-ambn m\n-bmbn `mhnv ""Rv bmsXmcp I-hy-hpan'' Fp-]-d- p-sImp I-hy-I--sfmw XyPn{IoUn-p-sIm-n-cn-pp (KoX 631).
p-Ibpw C{n-b
- p hio-`q-X-\mbn imkv{X-hn-[nkw_w C\n C{]-Imcw ]c-ta-iz-cs\ XmXzn-I-ambn
Ip hn]-co-X-ambn tXmn-b-Xp-t]mse I- BNAdn- bp- -Xp- sImpw Zin- p- - Xp- sImpw D ^es
cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Cu Imc-W-m Ch kIm-a-`mhnh-cn-p-p.
h-tm-Sp-IqSn I- A\p-jvTn-p hnj-bm-k-8. k ]cy-Km- p-{I-a-I m-b-ahvd W-a-kv\m-hncw
cmb a\p-jysc At]-nv A[n-I-X-c-amb A-Im-cs
ip- a-]m- ]-h nw ]ip, ]n, iqI-c--Iq-Ic XpSn \oN-ar-K-tbm-\n-Isfbpw cuch Ipw`o-]m-ImZn tLmc \cItfbpw {]m]nIhna-\ojo ]cn`qx kzbw-`qbm-Ym-XYytXmYm hrZ-[m-m-iz-Xo`y: kam`yx p-p.

36

I kw_w imkv{X-ns bYm-Xmcyw a\-nemn m\-tbpw I-tbpw A\p-jvTn-p--XpsIm-p-m-Ip ktm--a-amb ]cn-Wm-as hnp-p.

10. A\y-tZ-hm-l phn-Zy-bm-\y-Zm-lp-c-hn-Zybm

CXn ip{ipa [ocmWmw tb \kvXZv
hnN-N-n-tc.
m\-ns bYm kzcq]w k-t{i-jvT-amb
^ew {]Zm\w sNp-I- bm- Ip- p.-- \n- Xym-\nXy hkvXp--fpsS
hnth-Ihpw W-`w-Kp-chpw hn\mi ioehpw A\n-Xyhpw
Bb sFl-eu-In-Ihpw ]c-eu-In-I-hpw- B-b t`mK-h-kvXp-tfmSpw Ah-bpsS km[-\-tbmSpw D ]q hnh-cnbpw kwb-a-]q-amb ]hn{X Pohn-Xhpw GI-am{X
kn-Zm-\--L-\-amb ]q {_-Nn-- bn AJ--amb
eo\-Xbpw Cu bYm m\-ns A\p-jvTm\w
sImp {]m]vX-am-Ip-. bYm m\-ns Cu
ktm--a-amb ^ew m\m-`n-am-\-n cX-cm-b-bmsXmcp tkzm-Nm-cn-Ip Zp-Xn-cq-]-amb ^ew-In-ptm
AXn\npw Fm- -c - nepw hn`n- -a m-b n-c n- pw.
CXphn[w ktm-a ^e-Zm- b-I-amb I-- fpsS kzcq]w--I-n I-mhns A`n-am-\m-`m-hhpw cmKtZzj-fp-tSbpw A`n-em-j--fp-tSbpw A`m-hhpw AXp-t]mse
kzw hm-{ia ]cn-n-Xn-I-\p-k-c-Wa
- mbn `KhXvtkhm-`m-h-n am{Xw {i-tbm-Sp-tk-h-\-hp-am-Ip-p.
Ah-bpsS A\p-jT
v m-\w-sImp kakvX ZpKp-W-fpw
Zpcm-Nm-cm-fpw \ntjw \in-p-Ibpw lj-tim-ImZn
kakvX hnIm-c--fn \npw cln-X-\mbn km[- I arXypam-b- kw-km-c-n\npw IS-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNp-p.
kIm-a-`m-h-tm-Sp-IqSn \S--s-Sp I-p e`np ]p\--cq- ]-amb ^e-t-m bYm Itk- h-\-n-\p {]Xn-^ew {ijvThpw at\m-l- c-hp- am-Ip-.
kw_- w- -ap-I-fn ]d Xc-n-ep m\hpw
I-hpw--c-n-sbpw XXz-sf Hnp \mbn {Klnp--Xp-sIm-p ^e--fmWv C\n ]d-bp--X.v

11. hnZym NmhnZymw N bkvXZv thtZm-`bw kl

Ahn-Zybm arXypw Xozm
hnZy-bm-a r-X-a-iv\p-tX.
I- n- t bpw AI- n- t bpw bYm
clkyw {Kln-p--Xn henb henb _pn-am-mpt]mepw sXp-]-n-bn-cn-pp (KoX 416). Cu ImcWw
sImp-Xs I-c-l-ky- n A\-`n--m-cm-bp
m\m-`n-am-\n-I Is {_-m-\-np _m[I-ambn IW-m-p-p. Xqew X-fpsS hm-{i-tamNn-X-amb Ah-iy-I-hy-sf XyPn-p-p. Fm
C{]-Im-c-ap XymKw-s Imv Ahp XymK-ns
bYm-^ew I- _---fn\npw tamN\w e`np-n (KoX 18-8). CXp-hn[w m\-ns (A-Im-

hm ss\jvIy) XXzw {Kln-m-Xp ImcWw a\pjy Xs-s m\n-bmbpw {]]-- n-\p-] -cnbmbpw Icp-Xp-p. Ah X-sf-s ]m]- ]p-Wy--fn
\ntm-jn-I-sf-tmse CjvSm-\p-k-c-W-am-bp Im-Nc
- W- -fn hym]r-X-cmbpw I-sf `mc-cq-]-ambpw IcpXn
Dt]-n- p-Ibpw Ae-k-X, \n{Z apX-emb {]tZ-i--fn
Zp-`-amb kzw am\-h-Po-hn-X-nse Aaq-ey-k-a-bs
\jvS-s-Sp-n--f-bp-Ibpw sNp-p.
Cu cp-hn-[-amb A\--fn\npw c-s]-Sp-Xn-\p GtIm-]mbw I-ntbpw m\-ntbpw cl-kys Hcp-t]mse a\-n-emn Ahsb bYmtbmKyw A\p-jvTn-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. bmsXm-cp- Cu
cn-sbpw XXz-sf Htc kabw \mbn a\-n-em-ppthm Ah Xs hm-{i-a-ttbm ]cn-X- n-Xn-\p-cq-]-amb imkv{X-hn-lnX I--tftbm XyPn-p-n- .
]Icw Ah-bn Im-hns A`n-am-\-tmSpw cmK-tZzjmZn ^em-`n-em-jc
- -ln-X-\m-bnpw Ahsb bYm-tbmKyw
BN-cn-p-p. CXp-sImv Ahs Pohn-X-bm{X kpJambn \S-p-p. Cu `mh-tm-Sp-IqSn Im- \p-jT
v m\w \Sp--Xns ]cn-W-X-^-e -ambn Ahs Ax-I -cWw
kIe ZpKp-W--fn\npw hnIm-c--fn\npw clnX-am-bnv AXyw \n-e-am-bn-o-cp-Ibpw `K-hXv Ir]bm Ah arXyp-ab kwkm-c-n\npw kzm`m-hn-Iambn IS-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNpp Fv a{fn ]dn-p-v. Cu I-km-[-\-tbm-Sp-IqSn hnthI sshcmKy-k---ambn \nc-cw {_-hn-Nmc cq]-amb m\m`ymkw A\p-jvTnp IgnbpXn-\m {io]-ct- a-iz-cs
bYm mt\m-Zbw Dm-Ip-Ibpw AXn-thKw ]c-{_-]-c-ta-iz-cs kmm-Xvm-c-ap-m-hp-Ibpw sNp-p.

kw_w C\n-bp ASp aqp a{--fn-embn

Akw-`q-Xn-bp-tSbpw kw`q-Xn-bp-tSbpw XXz--sf-n ]d-bpp. Cu {]I-c-W-n Akw-`q-Xn-i- _vZ-ns Aw
]q-cq-]-n k-bn-m-Xv Fm-bn-cn-pw. Cs\-bp hn\m-i-kz-`m-h-tm- Sp-Iq-Snb tZh-I, ]nXr-,
a\p-jy apX-em-b-h-bpsS tbm\nIfpw Ah-tbm-S-\p-_-np t`mK-km-a-{Kn-Ifpw BIp-p. a{- n Akw-`q-XnbpsS m\v ""hn\mi'' F hmp-]-tbm-Kn-p-p.
kw`q-Xn-i-_vZ-n\v Cs\ A-I-ev]\ sNp-p.
bmsXm-ns k kq-am-bn-cn-p-pthm AXv
kq-P-K-ns D-n, nXn, kwlmcw Ch
sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn- p Ahn-\m-in- bmb ]c-{_- -]p-cp-tjm-a (KoX 76; 7) FmIp-p.

12. Aw Xa: {]hn-in tbkw`q-Xnap-]m-ktX

XtXm `qb Ch Xtam b D kw`qXymw cXmx
bmsXm-cp- hn\mi kz`m-ht- m-Sp-Iq-Snb kv{Xo,
]p{X, [\w, am\w, Ion, A[n-Imcw apX-embn Cu
temI-n-sbpw ]c-tem-I-n-sbpw t`mK-km-a-{Kn-I-fn

37

I Bk--\m-bnv Ah-sb-s kpJ-tl-Xp--fmbn IcpXp-pthm AXp- t]mse Ahsb Bn-p- -Xn\pw tkhnp--Xn\pw apgp- h ka- bhpw hn\n-tbm-Kn-p-pthm Cu
t`mK-hk
- X
v p--fpsS {]m]vXnpw kwc--W-n\pw A`nhr-npw thn tZh-X-It- fbpw ]nXr--tfbpw a\p-jytcbpw D]m-kn-p-pthm Ah kzbw P\\ acW N{I-fn ]Xn-n-cn-p-Xp ImcWw A`m-h-{K-kX
v hpw imcocnI ZrjvSn-bn hn\m-i-I-c-hp-amb Ah-n-bn-em-bn-cn-pIbpw sNp-p. Chsb D]m-kn-p t`mKm-k--cmb
a\p-jy Xmm--fpsS D]m-k\m ^e-ambn hn`n tZh-IfpsS temI-n hn`n--t`m-Ktbm\nIsf {]m]n-p-p.
CXp-Xs Ah-cpsS Am-\-cq-]-am-Ipp; tLmcm-- Imc-n-te-p {]th-i-\-am-Ipp (KoX 720, 23).
cm-a-Xmbn bmsXm-cp- imkv{X-Xm- cy- - tfbpw
`K-hms Znhy-Kp-W- -tfbpw `mh--tfbpw XXz--tfbpw
Ah-bpsS cl-ky--tfbpw {Kln-mbvI aqew `K-h
`P\w sNm-sXbpw t`mKm-k-n-I-fn apgp-Inbpw IgnbpXpIm-cWw temI-tk-h-\-nepw imkv{X-hn-ln-X- fmb tZthm-]m-k-\-bnepw {]hr--cm-bn-cn-p-p. C-s\bp hnj-bm-k--cmb a\p-jy Ir{Xn-a-ambn Xsf
Cuiz-tcm-]m-k-I-cmbn hniz-kn-nv kcf lrZ-b-cmb P\-sf-smv Xsf ]qPn-n-p-p. Ah anYym-`n-am-\m tZh-Isf Xp-amn ]d-bp-Ibpw imkv{Xm-\p-km-cap Ah-iy-I-hy--fmb tZh-]q-P, Kpcp-]qP apX-embh X-f psS hmKv Pme- -f m abn Ah-c psS
lrZbfn tZthm-]m-k\ apX-em-b-hs
- b-n shdppw
hntZz-jhpw krjvSn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. C-s\-bp--h
Xsf-s Cuiz-c-Xp-ey-ambn ImWp-Ibpw ap--h-scsmv AXv AwKo-I-cn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXv Xn-jvS-{]Imcw Zpcm-Nm-c- -fn apgpIn PohnXw \bn-p-p. Cs\
Zw`n-I-fmb a\p-jy X-fpsS ZpjvI--fpsS Xn^ew A\p-`-hn-p--Xn\p _m[y--cm-bnv IqIc iqI-cmZn-I-fmb \oN-tbm-\n-I-fnepw cuc-h-Ipw- `o-]m-ImZn tLmc-\c-I--fnepw sNv Ahn-Sps {Iqc-bm-X-\-Is
- fmw A\p`- hn-t--Xmbn hcp- p. hn\mi kz`m-hn-I-fmb tZh-X-Isf
D]m- kn-p- -hsc At]-nv Chp in AXyw
tLmc kz`m-ht- m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-bn-cnpw (KoX 16-18, 19).
kw_w imkv{X-ns bYm Xmcyw icnp
a\-n-emn kw`q-Xn-bp-tSbpw Akw-`q-Xn-bp-tSbpw D]mk\ \S-p--Xn-\m ktm--a-amb ]cn-Wmaw knnpp Fv ASp--Xn hn-p-p.

13. A\y-tZ-hmlp: kw`-hm-Z-\y-Zm-lp-c-kw-`-hmXv

CXn ip{ipa [ocmWmw tb \kvXZv
hnN-N-n-tc.
]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a-` -K-hms\ k-i- n-a m,
k-, km-[m-cw, k-a-b, AJne PK-nsbpw krjvSn-n-Xn-kw-lm-cI
- m-hv, \nXy, Ahn\min Fn-s\ a\-n-em-p-Ibpw t{]a-]q-amb lrZ-

b-tm-Sp-IqSn \nXyhpw \nc-- chpw Bbn B Znhy- \m-ahpw

cq]hpw [mahpw AXp-t]mse {]mIrX KpW- c-ln- Xhpw ZnhyKp-W- a-bhpw Bb kn-Zm-\ kzcq-]s kvacn-p-Ibpw
{ihn-p-Ibpw Io\w sNp-Ibpw sNp-I. C{]-Imcw
bYm-n-ep D]m-k-\sImv D]m-k-I\v AXn-th-Kn Ahn-\m-in-bmb ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--as\ {]m]np-hm km[n-pp (KoX 934). Cuiztcm-]m-k-\-bpsS
anYym-cq]w [cnp \S-p--hp e`n-p ^e-n\p
hncp--ambn Cu bYm D]m-k-I\p e`n-p ^ew
Ghpw t{ijvT- am-b-Xm-Ip-p. imkv{X- -fp-tSbpw {io`-Khm- tbpw Bm- \p-k-cWw ]nXr- , {_m-W, amXmhv, ]nXm-hv, BNm-cy, m\n-I XpS-n-bh
- p
tkhm-]q-Pm-Zn-I X-fpsS I-hy-ambn Icp-X p-I.
Chsb `K-hms Iev]-\bpw tkh-\h
- p-ambn Icp-Xp-I.
Cu hn[w \njvm-a-`m-ht- mSp IqSn tkhm-]q-Pm-Zn-I
A\p-jT
v n-p--h-cpsS Ax-I-cWw ip-am- bn-o-cp-Ibpw
Ahp `K-hms Ir]bpw {]k--Xbpw e`y-am-hp-Ibpw
sNpw. Xqew Ah arXyp-ab kwkm-c-km-Kcw IS-pt]m-hp-Ibpw sNp-p. hn\mi ioe-cmb tZh-I XpS-nb-hsc kIm-tam-]m-k\ sNp--Xn \npw e`y-am-hp
^e-n\npw CXp kYm hncp--am-Ip-p.
kw_w kw`q-Xn-bp-tSbpw Akw-`q-Xn-bp-tSbpw XXzsf Hmbn {Kln- p--Xp- sIm- p ^ew C\n kv]jvTam-p-p.

14. kw`qXnw N hn\miw N bkvXZv

thtZm-`bw kl
hn\m-ti\ arXypw Xozm kw`q-Xym-arX-a-iv\p-tX.
bmsXmcp a\p-jy, ]c-{_--]p-cp-tjm--a \nXy\pw
Ahn-\m-inbpw k-hym-]nbpw k-i-n-am\pw km[m- chpw km-[n-]-Xnbpw km-mhpw k-t{i-jT
v \pw
\nXy \np-W\pw ({]m-Ir-X-Kp-W-c-ln-X) \nXy kKp-W\pw (kz-cq-] -`qX Znhy-I -eym-W -Kp-W -K -W -h n-` q-j n-X )
BIpp Fp a\-n-em-p-p-thm, AtXm-Sp-IqSn tZhI, ]nXr-, a\p-jy XpSn F{Xtbm tbm\n-Ifpw
t`mK hkvXp-fpw Dtm Ah- sbmw hn\m-i-kz-`m-h-tmSp-Iq-Sn-bXpw W-`w-Kp-c
- fpw BsWpw P\-\a
- -cW
kz`m-h-tmSp IqSn-b-Xp-Im-cWw AXn-ZpxJ Imc-W--fmIpp Fp {Kln-p-p-thm, Ah-bn \nlnXambn-cp
km-kv^qnbpw in- bp- samw `K-h- --am-sWpw
At-l-ns PK--{I-ns kpNm-cp-cq-]-tmSp IqSnb
Ne-\-n\p thn `K-hXv {]oXn-p-thn Ahsb bYmm-\--fn bYm-tbmKyw `K-hms hmp-If
- m-Ip
imkv{Xw Bm-]n-n-cn-p-p-thm, B a\p-jy sFlnI-]-c-eu-InI tZh-]n-X- cmZn temIfnse t`mK-kp-J--fmk- - c m- I msX B {K- l - fpw aa- X - I fpw lrZ- b n\npw \njvm-k\w sNbvXp bYm-tbmKyw imkv{Xhn-[n-{]- Imcw tkhm-]q- P-I \S-p-p. CXp ImcWw Ah-

38

I cpsS Pohn-X-bm{X kpJ-]qw \S-p-Ibpw B`y--c--

Cu kqcy-a- WU
v -e-nseX]vX-c- ivan- I-sfbpw AXns D{Kfmb hnIm-c- \inv Ax-I-cWw ip-am-hp-Ibpw `K- c-i va n-I-s fbpw Xn-tev Bhm-l n-s m-X p- n-bm-e pw.
hIr-]-sImv Ah kzm`m-hn-I-ambn arXyp-ab kwkm- Cs\ Ahn-Sps Znhy kzcq-]-ns {]Xy--Zi\w
c-km-K-cs IS-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNp-p. hn\m-i-kz-`m- \I- tW. Ctm Rm A- bpsS Ir]m- Xn-tc-Iw-sImv
hn-If
- mb tZh-Xm-Zn-Ip \njvm-tam-]m-k-\-tbm-Sp-Iq- A-bpsS kucy am[p-cy-\n-[nbpw Znhy-]c
- a Ieym-WSn-bp Ahn-\m-in-bmb ]cm-Xv]-c-{]-`p-hns D]m-k-\- hp-amb kn-Zm-\ kzcq-]s [ym\- Zr- jSv n- bnqSn ZinsImv Ah AXn-thKw Aa-c-kz-cq-]-\mb PK-Zo-iz-cs\ p-sIm-n-cn-pp; _pn-bn IqSn {Kln-p-sIm-n-cn-p{]Xy-- ambn {]m]n-p-p.
p. Imc-Ww, Av ]ca ]pcp-j\pw Cu kqcy-sbpw
kw_w ]c-ta-iz-cs\ D]m-kn-p--hv Ah-cpsS AJne {_m-WvU-n-tbpw Bm-hm-Ip-p. Fs
Ay-I m-e -n ]c-ta-i zc {]m]vX n- mbn Fs\ Bmhpw CXp-X-s- bm-Ipp; AXm-bXv Rm\pw AXp-Xs.
{]mn--W-sav C\n ]d-bp-p.

15. lnc-Wva-tb\ ]mt{XW kXy-kym-]n

-lnXw apJw
XXzw ]qj--]m-hrWp kXy-[mb
ZrjvS-t b.
`-m Cs\ {]mn-Ww: Atbm `K-hm-t\,
Ahn-Spv AJne {_m-WvU-n- tbpw kwc-- I-\m-Ipp. A-b n\npw Fmw ]pjvS n {]m]n- p- p.
kXyhpw [hpw A-tbm-Sp `n-bm-hp-p. Rm
CXn apgp-In--gn-bp-p. AXm-bXv Fs ]pjvSn Fs
at\m-c-Y-]qn, Ahn-Spp sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p--Xm-Ipp. kn-Zm-\ kzcq] {]Im-i-a-b-amb kqcy-a-WU
v -e-n\p-Xpeyw ann-n-f-n-sm-n-cn-p tPymXnab bh\n-Ib
- m Ahn-Sps apJw Bhr-X-am-bn-cn-p-p. Rm
Ahn-Sps Bh-c-W-c-ln-X-\mbn Zin-m-\m-{K-ln-p-p.
AXm-bXv A-bpsS kn- [m- \-n hv Asb \ncmh-c-W-\mbn Zi\w \S-p--Xn\p XS---fm-bn-p
kIe Bh-c-W--tfbpw F\n-p-thn amn--tc-W-ta.
A-bpsS kn- Zm-\ kzcq-]s {]I-S-am- n--tc-W-ta.

16. ]pj-t-Itj ba kqcy {]mPm-]Xy

hyql civao kaql
tXtPm bt cq]w Ieym-W-Xaw
Xt ]iyman
tbmkmhku ]pcpjx tkmla-k van.
`K-hm-t\, Ahn-Spv Ahn-Sps kzm`m-hn-Ia
- mb Ir]sImp `-m-cpsS `n-km-[-\--fn XpjvSn {]Zm\w
sNbvXp Ahsc t]mjn-n-p--h-\m-Ip- p. Ahn-Spp
kakvX m\n-I-fnepw A{K-KWy\pw ]ca m\-kz-cq]\pw kzw `-mp Xs kzcq-]-ns bYmm\w {]Zm\w sNp- -hcpw BIpp (KoX 10-11). AhnSpv AJn-e-tbpw bYm-tbmKyw krjvSn- v, \nb{n-v,
kwc- np sImn-cn-p--h-\m-Ip-p. `-m-cp-tSbpw
m\n-I-fp-tSbpw ]c-a-amb eyw Ahn-Sp-m-Ip-p.
Ahn-t-b-\m-bn-cp-npw Xs `-hm--ey-kz-`mhw
tlXp-hmbn `n-am-nqSn `-mv Ahn-Sp-pXs shfn-s- Sp- n-sm-Sp- p- sIm-n-cn- p- p. Ahn- Spv
{]Pm-]-Xn-Ip hfsc {]nb-s--h\
- m-Ip-p. tl {]t`m,

kw_w [ym\-am-nqSn `K-hms kzcq-]Zi\w \S-n-bnv km[-I `K-hms kmm kn[m-\

- n Fp--X n-\p-thn shsIm-p-Ibpw
icocw XyPn-p kabw qe-kq-va-i-co-c--fpsS
hnL-S-\-sb-n Nnn-p-sImp `K-hm-t\m-Sp-IqSn {]mnp-Ibpw sNp-p.

17. hmbp-c-\n-e-a-ar-X-a-tYZw `kvamw icocw

Hmw {ItXm kvac IrXw kvac {ItXm
kvac IrXw kvac.
]c-a-[m-a-n-te-p bm{Xn-I\
- mb km[-I Xs
{]mtW-{n-b - -s fbpw ico-c -s bpw Xn\npw
kYm `n-am-bn--cpXn Ah-sbmw AXm-XpIfpsS D]mZm-\-X-Xz--fn-tev Ft-p-ambn hne-bn-n-p--Xn\pw
qe-kq-va-i-co-cs ]q-ambpw hnL-S n-n-p-Xn\pw B{K-ln-p-p. AXp-sImv Cs\ ]d-bm-dpv;
{]mWmZn ka-jvSn-hmbp BZn-bn ebn--s, qe-i-cocw
In Nm-em-I-s. ]ns Ah Xs Bcm-[y-tZ-h-Xbmb ]c- {_-- ]p-cp-tjm--a- \mb `K-hm-t\mSp {]mn- pp. Atbm b-a-b\
- mb alm hnjvtWm, kn-Zm-\
hnm-\-kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cm, Ahn-Spv kzw P\amb Ftbpw Fs I--tf-bpw-]n Nnn-t-W-ta.
Av kzm`m-hn-Ia
- mbn Ftbpw Fm Dm--s-np `n-kz-cq-]-Im-cy--tfbpw kvacn-t-W-ta. `K-hm-t\,
Av Ftbpw Fs I--tfbpw kvacn-t-W-ta.
Ay-Im-e
- n Rm A-bpsS kvarXn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bncn-p-sa-n Xo-bmbpw AXn-thKw F\nv A-bpsS
kn-[m-\-n Fp-hm Ign-bpw.
kw_w Cs\ Xs Bcm-[-\m-aqn-bmb ]c{_ ]pcp-tjm--a-\mb `K-hm-t\mSp {]mn-nv km[I ]c-a-[m-a-n-tep t]mIp kabw B am-nep An-tZ-h-t\mSp {]mn-p-p.

18. AKvt\ \b kp]Ym cmtb

Akvam hnizm\n tZh hbp-\m\n hnZzm
bptbm-[y-k va-p-lp-cm-W -tat\m `qbnjvTmw
tX \a Dnw hnt[m.

39

Atbm AKv\n-`-K-hm-t\, Rm\n-tm Fs ]c-a-{]`p-hmb `K-hms kn-[m-\- n-se-n-tn-cn-p- p.

Fm-m-ehpw Cu `K-hXv kn-[n-bn hkn-p-hm
B{K-ln-p-p. Av AXn-thKw Xs Fs ]c-a-kp-chpw awK-ea
- -b-hp-amb D-cm-b\ am-nqSn `Khms ]c-a-[m-a-n Fn-m-epw. Av Fs Isf Adn- bp-- h-\m- Ip-p. Rm Bbp-jvmew apgp-h
`K-h`-n-bn Ign-p-Iq-Sn. `K-hms Ir]-bm Cu
ka-bpw [ym\-t\-{X-m B Znhy-kz-cq-]s Zinp-I bpw B ]hn-{X-\ maw D-c n-p-Ibpw sNp- p.
Fmepw Cu am-n Fs-nepw hnLv\
- -fmb
I- Ft-Xm-bn--h-ti-jn-p-p-s-n Ap
Ir]-tbmsS \in-n-t-W-ta.

imn- ] mTw
Hmw ]q-aZx ]q-anZw ]qmXv
]q-ap- Z-NytX
]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]q-ta-hm-h
-i n-jy-t X.
Hmw imnx imnx Hmw imnx
CXns hymJym\w BZyw sImSp-n-p--Xm-Ip-p.

{in- pI: CXnse ]Xn- \pw ]Xn-\mdpw a{- IqSpX {iml--fm-sWp alm-]-WU
v n-X-m ]d-n-pv. Fm-hcpw `K-h-i-\-n-\mbn {]mn-Ww Fv

CXn ]d-bs
- Sp-p.

]Xn-t\-gv, ]Xn-s\v a{- Ay-Im-e-Kp-W-n\v D]I-cn-p--Xm-Ip-p. Cu a{-a-\p-k-cnv Ay-Im-ep

{]m\ \S-p a\p-jyp apn-bp-m-hpw. AXn\m Ch-bpsS `mhmw Hp-IqSn sImSp-p-p.
17. tl ]c-am-m-th, Fs Cu C{n- bw, {]mW XpS-nb
AXm-Xp-I-fpsS Imc-W--X- Xz--fn eo\-ambnocp-Ibpw
Fs qe-i-cocw `kva-am-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sN-s. CXp
kw_-nv Fs a\-n Aev]-am-{X-amb Bk-nt]mepw Dm- I- cp-tX. tl b- a-b-\mb hnjvtWm, Ap
Zb-hp-mbn Ftbpw Fs I--tfbpw kvacn-tW. Ahn-Sps kvacn-p--Xn-\m Rm\pw Fs Ifpw ]hn-{X-am-bn-o-cpw. Rm \n-b-ambpw AhnSps ]mZ-tkh sNm Fn-t-cpw.
18. tl An-kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cm, Ahn-Spv Fs [\am-Ipp k-kz-am-Ip-p. AXx Ahn-Sps {]m]n-m\mbn Ahn-Spv Fs D- a-amfn kzw Nc-Wk-ao]w Fn--tW. Fs F{X-sb{X ip`m-ip-I- M-fpv; Ahbvv Ahn-Sps ad-bvm-\m-hn; Ahn-Spv
Fm-a-dn-bp--h\
- m-Ipp; Rm Cu I--fpsS _en Ahn-Sps {]m]n-m Ign-bp--h-\-. kzbw Zbhp-tXmn Ahn-Spv Fs Ahn-Sp-t-Xm-t-W-ta. AhnSps {]m]vXn-mbn bmsXmcp ]m]w {]Xn-_--am-bn-cnptm AXns\ Ahn-Sps AIp-Xn-\mbn Rm
hopw hopw Ahn-Sps \a-kv-cn-p-p.

ItTm-]-\n-jv

D]-\n-j-p--fn hfsc {]kn-n-tb-dn-b-XmWv ITnt\m- ]-\n- j- v. CXv IrjvW-b-Ppth- Z-ns IT- im-J- bpsS
A`m-K-am-Ip-p. CXn \Nn-tI-X-n-tbpw ba-tbpw
kwhm-Z-cq-]-n ]c-am- m-hns cl-ky-a-bX
- -X zs
hfsc D]-tbm-K-{]-Z-ambpw hni-Z-ambpw hn-n-cn-p-p.
CXn c- ym-b-fpw Hmtcm Aym-b-nepw apqp
hn-I- fp-a p-v .

imn- ] mTw
Hmw kl \mh-h-Xp. kl \u `q\-p. kl
hocyw Ic-hm-h-ssl. tXPkzn \mh-[o-X-a-kvXp. am
hnZzn-jm-l-ssh.

Hmw imnx imnx imnx

Atbm ]c- am-m- th, Av R Kpcp- in-jy- mv
Fm {]Im-c-n-ep-ap c sN-tW. R cp-t]tcbpw Ahn-Spp kap-Nn-X-amb coXn-bn ]cn-]m-e\w
sNt-W-ta. R cp-t]cpw A-bn\npw IqsSqsS Fm {]Im- c--fnepw _ew {]m]n-t-W-ta. R
cp-t]cpw IqSn Ay-b\w \S-p hnZy tXPx-]qam- bn-o- c-tW. Hcn-epw Bcn\npw hnZy-bn R
]cm-Pn-X-cmbnocm-sX-bn-cn-t-W-ta. R- cp-t]cpw
PohnXw apgp-h ]c-kv]cw kvt\l-kq-{X--fm _nX-cm-bn-cn-t-W-ta. R-fpS Dn Hcn-epw ]c-kv]c
- -

40

I tZzjw Dm-Im-Xn-cn-t-W-ta. tl ]c-am-! {Xn]m-Zp \nhrn Dm--tW.

Aymbw Hv

3. ]otXm-ZIm PKv[-XrWm ZpKv[-tZmlm

\ncn-{nbm:
A\m \ma tX temIm-kvXm k KXn
XmZ-Z-X v.

]nXmhv F-s\-bp tKm-sf-bmWp Zn- W-bmbn

sImSp-p-Xv? Ctm Chbvp I\np shw IpSnp- - Xn-\p intbm ]pp Nhp Xnp- - Xn\p ]pItfm C-sm. Ch-bpsS kvX\--fn ]mens Awiw{Km-cw- `
- n ]c-am-m-hns\ kvacn-p-Xv AXy t]mepw Ah-ti-jn-n-n--tm. Fn-\n-[nIw ]d-bp-p. Chw awK-f-I-c-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m ChnsS k {]Y-a-ambn bpsS C{n-b - t]mepw \nt-j vS - a m-b n-c n- p- p.
Chbvv K`-[m-c-W-ti-jn-t]mepw Hp-an--sm. sImmw,
HmwIm-tcm-m-c-W-tm-Sp-IqSn D]-\n-j-m-cw-`np-p.
C{]-Imcw \nc-Ihpw ac-W-tm-S-Sp-n-cn-p--Xp-amb
bmsXm-cp- Imew `mc- X-hj-ns ]hn- {Xm- Imiw btKm Ahsb sImp-t]m-Ip {_m-W-cpsS hoSp-I[q-a--fmepw Ah-bpsS ]hn-{X-ku-c-`y-mepw ]cn-]qfn ZpxJ- a-msX asp kw`m-h\ sNpw? \app kzam-bn-cp-pthm XymK-aqn-If
- mb Ejn-ap-\n-am-cm ]mSambn kpJw e`n-p-Xpw em`-Ic
- -am-bXpw {]nb-s-Xpw
s thZ-a-{--fpsS Znhy-[z-\n-If
- m Fm Znp-Ifpw
Bb hkvXp-sf thWw Zm\w sNp-hm. AXp-t]mse
apJ-cn- X-am- bn-cp-pthm B Ime- p-mb {]kn-- amb Hcp
Zm\w Bp \I-s-Sp-pthm Ahpw em`hpw KpWCXn-lm-k-am-Wn-Xv. KuXa hwio-b-\mb hmP-{i-hm-- P-aI-chpw {]nb-s--Xp-am-bn-cn--Ww. ZpxJ-Zm-bnbpw D]-tbmljn Acp-Ws ]p{X As-n A-Zm-\w-sImp
K-iq-\y-hp-amb hkvXp- Zm\w sNp-Xv Zm\-ns
alm-Ion km-Zn (hm-P--A-w. {ih-- A-Xns Zm\t]cn \S--s-Sp h-\-bm-Ip-p. AXp kzoI-cn-pm km-Zn bi-)v aljn-bmb Acp-Ws ]p{X-h-tcbpw hn-p-I-bmWp sNp- -Xv. C{]-Im-c-ap
\mb Dm-eI aljn ^em-`n-em-j-tm-Sp-IqSn "hnizPvXv'
Zm\w-sImv ZmXm-hn\p kpJw teiwt]m-ep-an-m \oNFp-t]-cp Hcp alm-bw \S-n. Cu b-n
tbm-\n-Ifpw \c-ImZn temI--fp-a-msX asmpw e`n-pXs k-kzhpw At-l-n\p Zm\w sNt--Xmbn
n-. ]nXmhv Cu Zm\w-sImv Fp-kpJw km-Znpw?
hp. AXn-\m Dm-eI
- Xs k kpw EXznCh k-kz-Zm-\-cq-]n-bmb bw \S-n-bnpw D]-Imp-Ipw kZ-kypw Zn-W-bmbn \evIn. Dm-e-I\
c-{]-Z--fmb tKmsf F\n-p-thn kqn-n-cn-p-p.
\Nn-tI-Xv F t]cn {]kn--\mb Hcp ]p{X-\p-m-bnAXv XnIpw sXp-X-s- bm-W-sm. Rm\m-Wsm At-lcp-p.
ns k-kz-hpw. Fs Zm\-am-bn--tlw sImSp-p2. Xwl Ipamcw kw Zn-Wmkp
an-. Fm Rm At-l-ns ]p{X-\m-W.v AXp-sIm\ob-am-\ pkp
p-Xs Rm ]nXm-hns\ Cu A\n-jvS-Im-cn-bmb ]cn{imhnth-i. tkma\y-X .
Wm-a-n\npw cn-p--Xn\p kzbw _en-bn-pw.
Fs ISa CXp-X- s- bm-Ip-p.
B Imep {][m-\-[-\-ambn IW-m-n-bn-cp-Xp
tKm[-\a
- m-bn-cp-p. Dm-e-I\v AXp [mcm-f-ap-m-bn-cp-p.
4. k tlmhmN ]nXcw XX Ikvssa amw
tlmXm- hv, A[z- cyp, {_m- hv, DZvKm- Xmhv Ch \mepw {][m\
Zmky-k o-Xn.
EXzn-p-I-fm-bn-cp-p. Chv Ghpw IqSp-X tKmsf
ZznXobw XrXobw Xw tlmhmN arXyth
Zn- W-bmbn \I-W-sa--Xm-bn-cpp As Xocp-amXzm ZZm-ao-Xn.
\w. {]im-kvXm, {]Xn-{]- -Xm, {_-Wm-w- kn, {]kvtXmXm
C{]-Imcw \n-bn-p-sImv Ah ]nXm-hn-t\mSp
Cu \mev A{]-[m\ EXzn-p-Iv {][m-\n-Ip sImSp-Xns ]Ip-Xn-ho-Xhpw Am-hm-I, t\jvSm, Ao-[vd, ]dp ""]nXmth! Rm\t A-bpsS [\w, Av
{]Xn-lm Cu \mev A{]-[m-\n-Iv apJy-mp- Fs Bp sImSp-pp?'' ]nXmhv bmsXmcp adp-]sIm-Sp-- Xns aqn- sempw {Kmh-kvXp-X, t\Xm, tlmXm, Snbpw ]d-n-. Atm \Nn-tI-X-v, hopw ]dp
kp{_-Wy Cu \mev A{]-[m-\-mv apJy-mp ""]nXm- th, Fs Bp-sIm- Sp- pp?'' ]n#m- Xhv Cu {]mhsImSp--Xns \men-semp hoXhpw tKmsf Zn- W- iyhpw au\-am-bn-cp--tX-bp-q. ]s A[- `o-cphpw
bmbn sImSp--Ww. \nb-a-{]-Imcw Chsmw ZnW ]p{X-[w Fs--dn-n-cp--h-\p-amb \Nn-tI-X-n\v
\evIp- - Xn\p tKmsf sImp-h--tm _me- \mb \Nn- Hpw kln- m Ign- n- . Ah aqmw-h -hpw
tI-Xv Ahsb Ip. Ah-bpsS Zb-\o-b-amb \ne I- tNmZnp ""]nXmth! Av Fs Bp-sIm-Sp-pp?''
tms Ahs lrZ-b-n `nbpw BkvXn-Iy- Cu {]mhiyw aljn t{Im[m-hn-jvS-\mbn ]dp
""\ns arXyp-hn\p sImSp-pw.''
`m-hhpw Dm-bn. Ah Nnn-p-hm XpS-n.

1. Hmw Di l ssh hmP-{i-hkx

k-th-Zkw ZZu
Xky l \Nn-tIXm \ma ]p{X Bk.

41

I kw_w CXp-tIv \Nn-tI-Xv am\-kn-I-ambn Nnnp-hm XpSn

5. _lq-\m-taan {]Ytam _lq-\m-taan a[y-ax

Inw kznZy-aky Ihyw b-amZy
Icn-jy-Xn.
]p{X-mcpw injymcpw aqn-\-ns-Spp; Da, a[y-a, A[- a. bmsXm- cp- Kpcp-hn-ttbm ]nXmhn- ttbm at\m-cYw Adnv Ah-cpsS \ntiw IqSmsX
Xs Ah-cpsS at\m-cYw km[n-p-sIm-Sp-p- pthm
Ah Da h- ns- S p- p. B e`n- Xn\ptijw {]hn-p--h a[y-a-h-nepw Adnnpw \nt- in- npw {]hn- p- hm Xm-dn-m-- h
A[-a-h-n-epw-s]-Sp-p. Rm hf-sc-b-[nIw injymcp- -X n {]Y-a-t{i-Wn-bns-Spp; AtX-c o-Xn-b n
{]hn- p-p. hf-s c-b-[nIw injy-m a[y-hnsSpp; AXn{]-Im-chpw Rm BN-cn-p-h-cp-p.
A[-a-h-n Rms\m-cn-epw s]Sp-n-. B e`nnv AX-\p-k-cnp Rms\m-cn-epw {]hn-m-Xn-cp-nn-. ]ns ]nXmhv C{]-Imcw Ftm-Sp-]-d-bp-hm Imc-Wsav? Hcp hnh-chpw Inp-n-. arXyp-tZ-h\v Cv Fs
Zm\w sNbvXv, Fp {]tbm-P\w Dm-p-hm-\mWv ]nXmhm-{K-ln-p-Xv?

t Bh-iy-an-. Av timIs XyPnv A-bpsS

kXys ]men-p- -Xn\v A\p- h-Zn-m- epw. ]p{Xs hmpI tI-tm Dm-e- I\v AXyw ZpxJ-ap-m- bn. Fm
\Nn-tI-X-ns kXy-]-cm-b-WX Iv Atlw Ahs\
ba-cm-Ps ASp--te-bv-b-p. ba-k-Z-\-n-se-n-bX
- n\p-ti-jta \Nn-tI-X- n\v ba Fhn-tStbm t]mbn-cn-pI-bm-sWp a\-n-em-bp-q. AXn-\m aqp- Zn-hkw hsc
\Nn-tI-Xv Ahpw Pehpw Ign-msX ba-cm-Pm-hns\
{]Xo-n- n-cp-p. ba-cm-P aS-n-h
- -tm At-lns ]Xv\n ]dp

7. sshizm\c: {]hn-i-Xy-Xn-Yn
{_mtWm Krlm
XsskyXmw imnw Iphn lc
sshh-kz-tXm-Z-Iw.

kmm An-X-stbm Fp tXmp-amcp tXPkvkn-\m t{]mz- en-X- \mb {_m- W AXn-Yn- bpsS cq]n Krln Fgp-nbncn-p-p. km[p-lr-Z-b\mb Krl- Xs \-bvp-thn B AXn-Yn-cq-]nbmbn Ansb im- am-p--Xn\v Ah\p Pew (ALy]m-ZymZn) sImSp-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. AXn-\m, Atbm
kqcy-] p{X Av B {_mW _mes ]mZ-
IgpIpXn\v AXn-thKw Pew sImph-m-epw. Fsm AXnYn XpS-bmbn aqp-Zn-hkw Asb {]Xokw_w Hcp ]t ]nXmhv t{Im[m-th-i-m ]dnp \ncm-lm-c-\m-bn--gn-bp-p. Av Ahs\ ip{iq-jnp- t]m-b- Xm-bn- cn-mw. Fs-n-ep-am-I-s. At-l-ns
p-sa- n Ah im-\m-Ipw.
hmp ]men-t-n-bn-cn-p-p. ChnsS ]nXmhv ]m-]n-p- -Xmbpw ImWp-p. AXp-sImv At-l s
8. Bim-{]-Xot kwKXw kq\rXmw N
kmz- \-s-Sp-t-- Xm-h-iy-am-W.v C{]-Imcw Nnnv \NnCjvSm]qt ]p{X-]-iqw khm
tI-Xv GIm--X-bn-en-cn-p ]nXm-hns kao-]
- pGXZv hrMvt ]cp-j-kym-ev]-ta-[tkm
sNv At-l
- ns timI-\n-hr-n-p-thn C{]-Im-cbkym-\-iv\ hkn {_mlvatWm Krtl.
ap Bizmk hN-\- ]dp
bmsXm-cp- cp- s `h-\- n AXn-Yn-{_-lva-W hni6. A\p]iy bYm ]qt {]Xn-]iy XYm-]tc
tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-p-pthm a-_p-n-bmb B a\p-jy
kky-anh aXy: ]NytX kkyAh ]q-am-bm-in-n-cn-p bmsXm-pw-Xs e`y-aman-hm-Pm-btX ]p\:
Ip-n-. Hcp ]s Fs- nepw In-I-bm-sW-ns
]nXmth! \psS ]nXm-a-l-m-cmb ]q-m-cpsS BN- AXn\npw bmsXmcp KpWhpw knn- p- I -b n- .
c-W- t\mn-bm-epw. A{X-t]m-se-Xs Cm- e-p Ahs hmp-If
- n\npw ku-cyhpw kXyhpw am[pap t{ijvT ]cp-j-m-cpsS {]h-\--tfbpw {in-p- cyhpw AI- p-t ]m-Ip-p. AXm-X -b Xv at\m-l camb
I. Ah-cpsS Ncn-{X--fn ]pw Ctmgpw AkXyw `mjW-fn\n-p kpJ-t]mepw Ah\p e`y-am-Ip-nFXv Hcn-epw kw`-hn-n-t-bn-. Atbm-Ky-m-cmb a\p- . Ahs bPvR-Zm-\mZn CjvSI-fpw InW-dv, Ipfw,
jy am{Xta Ak-Xym-N- c- W- - fn Ign-bp- p- q. Fm [- ime apXm-e-b- hbpw Ah-bpsS ^e-fpw \jvSspB A[-sImv Bpw AP-c\pw Aa-c\pw t]m-Ip-p. AXp-am-{X-a, AXn-Ynsb k- cn-m-Xn-cn-pBIp-hm Ign-bp-I-bn-. a\p-jy ac-W-kz-`m-h-tm-Sp- -Xp-sImv Ahs ]q-]p-Wy-{]m-]vX--fmb ]p{XIq-Sn-b-h-\-t{X. a\p-jy [ym\--sf-tmse Pcm-Po- mcpw tKmfpw [\hpw \in--t]m-hp-Ibpw sNp-p.
ambn \in-p-Ibpw [m\y--sf-tm-se-Xs I-h-im
kw_-w- -]-Xv\n-bpsS hmp-I tI-bp-SXs []p\w FSp-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
cm-P AXn-thKw \Nn-tI-X-ns ASpp sNp-Ibpw
kw_w Cu A\nXy Pohn-X-n-\p-thn a\p-jy ALy-]m-Zym-Zn-I-fm bYm-hn[n Ahs\ ]qPn-p-Ibpw
Hcn- epw I-hy-sf XyPn- nv anYymN-cWw A\p-jvTn- sNbvXp-sImv ]d-p-Xp-S-n.

42

9. Xnkvtdm cm{Xob-Z-hm-oKrtl ta
A\-iv\ {_- -Xn-Yn\-aky:
\akvtX kvXp{_- kzkvXnta kvXp
mXv {]Xn {Xo hcm hrWo-jz.

12. kz temI \ `bw InwN-\mkvXn

\ X{Xw Xzw \ Pcbm _nt`-Xn.
Dt` Xozm-i-\m-bm-]n-]mtk
timIm-XntKm tamZtX kz-tem-tI.

{_-W- tZh! Ap \akvmcmZn km-c-p13. k Xzanw kzy-a-t[yjn artXym

tbmKy-\mb Fs AXn-Yn-bm-Ipp. Fm km[n-p{]{_q ln Xzw {i-[m-\mb alyw.
n-S-tmfw Asb k-cnp ktm- jn-n-p- - Xn\p
kz-temIm AarXvXzw `P
Rm\m- in- p- p. Fs t\m-p-d- hp- sImv aqp-Zn-h-k- GXZv ZznXo-tb\ hrtW htc-W.
tfmfw Av A\-i-\m-\mbn Ign-tb-n-h
- n-cn-p-p. `Khmt\, Fs sXp-I an-pv F\nv awKfcptfkz-temIw hfsc kpJ-Ic
- hpw bmsXmcp `b-m-SpWta. Av Hmtcm cm{Xnp ]I-c-am-bnv Fn\npw I-fn-m--Xp-am-sWp Rm\-dn-bp-p. kz-tem-I-n
At-b-n-jvS-ap aqp hc- tNmZn--epw.
Bcpw hrm-h- -sb {]m]n-p-n-. ay-tem-I-n
kw_- w- -X-t]m-aqn-bmb {_-W- _m-es A\-i-\- A-bm Bfp-I acn-p--Xp-t]mse Bcpw acn-p-nm `oX-\m-bnv [-PvR-\mb ba-cm-P C{]Imcw ]d- , AhnsS ac-W-Im-e-th-Z-\-I-sfm-pw-X-s-bn-. ChnsS
-tm Xs ]nXm-hn\v awK-f-ap-m-I- W-sa-p Bi- Pnhn-I hnipw Zml-hpw-sImv Ip--Xp-t]mse
AhnsS kw`-hn-p-n. Ahn-Ss \nhm-kn-I timItbm-Sp-IqSn \Nn-tI-Xv ]d-p
sf XcWw sNbvXp \nXy ku`mKyw A\p-`hnpp.
10. im-k-ev]x kpa\m bYm kym
Fm B kzw AKv\n-hn-PvRm\w t\SmsX e`n-pZzoX-a-\ypKu-X tam am`n-a rtXym
n-. Atbm arXyp-tZ-h, Av B kzns km[\m-`q-X-amb AKv\nsb bYm-cq-]-n Adn-bp-p.
XzXv{]-krjvSw am`n-h-tZXv {]XoX
F\nv B An-hn-Zy-bnepw Abnepw Aan-X-amb
GX-vd-bmWmw {]Yaw hcw hrtW.
hnizm-khpw `nbpw Dv. ` XXz-ns Ah-ImarXyp-tZ-h, aqp hc--fn BZy-tXp Rm tNmZn- in-bm-Ip-p-hsm. AXn-\m Av Ir]-tXmn F\nv
p-p. KuXa hwio-b-\mb Fs ]nXmhv Dm-eI
- B An-hn-Zy-bpsS D]-tZiw \In-bm-epw. AXp {Klnt{Im[m-hn-jSv -\mbn Fs A-bpsS ASp--te--bnv nv Bfp-I kz-tem-I-n hknv Aar-X-Xz-s-Ctm Aim-\pw ZpxJn- X-\p- am-bn-on- cn- p-p. F\n- A-a-c-Xz-s--{]-]n--s. CXv Fs cm-as hc-ambn
p-thn Atlw t{Im[-c-ln-X\pw im- Nn-\pw kZm A-tbmSp bmNn-p-p.
kp-jvS-\p-am-bn-o-c-Ww. IqSmsX A-bpsS A\p-a-Xnkw_- w- - At ba-cm-P ]d-p
e-`nv Rm Krl-n Xncn-p-sN-p-tm Atlw
Fs kzw ]p{X- \mb \Nn-tI-Xv F cq]-n Xncn14. {] tX {_hoan XZp ta \nt_m[
-dnv FtmSp ]q-hXv kvt\l-tm-Sp-IqSn kwkmkzKym-anw \Nn-tIXx {]-Pm-\
cn-p-Ibpw sN-Ww.
kw_- w- -b-a-cm-P ]d-p

11. bYm ]pc-kvXmZv `hnXm {]XoX

Hume- In-cm-cp-W na-Xv {]-k rjvS :
kpJw cm{Xo: ibn-Xm hoX-a\yp
kvXzmw ZZr-in-hm-r-Xyp-ap-JmXv {]ap-w.
arXyp-h-Iv{X-n\np tamN\w t\Sn Krl-n aSn-sb-p \nsf ImWp-tm, Fs t{]c-W-bm
\n-fpsS ]nXm-hmb Acp-W- ]p-{X Dm-e-I hfsc {]k-\m-Ip-Ibpw \nsf kzw ]p{X-\m-sWp Xncn--dn-bpIbpw ]q-h Xv kvt \ln- p-I bpw At-l - ns
t{Im[hpw ZpxJhpw im- am- hp-Ibpw sNpw. \nsf e`np--Xp-sImp taen Atlw kpJ-ambn \n{Z-sN-pw.
kw_- w- -Cu hcw e`n--tm \Nn-tI-Xv ]d-p,tl
ba-cmP!

A\--tem-Im-]XnatYm {]XnjvTmw
hnn Xztahw \nlnXw Kplmbmw

Atbm \Nn-tI-Xt Rm B kz-ns km[\m-cq-]n-bmb AKv\n-hn-Zysb \-Xp-t]mse Adn-bp-p.

AXns\ AXns bYmcq]-n \n\-p-]-tZ-in-X- cpp. \o CXns\ \mbn {Kln-p-sIm-p-I. Cu AKv\nhnZy A\-hpw hn\m-i-cl
- n-X-tem-Is {]]n-p--Xn\pXIp-Xp-am-Ip-p. AXns kzcq]w Akm[mc-W-am-Ipp. Fm AXv AXyw Kp]vX-am-sWp \o [cn-psIm-p-I. hnZzm-m-cpsS _pn-cq-]-am-Ip Kpl-bn AXv
Hfnp hkn-p-p.
kw_- w- -C{Xbpw ]d-nv ba-cm-P

15. temIm-Zn-anw Xap-hmN Xkvssa

bm CjvSIm bmh-Xohm bYm hm
k Nm]n XXv{]-Xy-h-Z-Zy-tYm-

43

aYmky arXypx ]p\-tc-hml XpjvSx

ta{]-Imcw An-hn-Zy-bpsS almXvayhpw tKm]-\o-bXbpw ]d- -sIm-Sp-nv AKv\ntZ- h kz-tem-I-ns
Imc-W-kz-cq-]-amb AKv\nhn-Zy-bp-sS- clkyw \Nn-tI-Xns\ {Kln-n-p. AKv\np Ip-\nm-W-n,
BImcw F{]-Im-c-am-bn-cn--Ww, CjvSnI F{X-sbw
thWw, AXp-t]mse An-bpsS Nb\w F{]-Imcw \SWw Fn-h-sbmw hfsc X-bX
- z-tmsS {Kln-np. XZ-\ -cw \Nn-tI-X- ns _pn-tbbpw kvarXntbbpw ]co-n-p- -Xn-\ p-thn ba-c m-P ]dp
""\n {Kln-n-S-tmfw Fs Hcp {]mhiyw tInp.'' XovW-_p-n-bmb \Nn-tI-Xv AXp-tI-n-v, Ah
F{]-Imcw bYmw {Kln-n-cp-pthm AtX-{]-Imcw
Xs ]d-p-tIn-p. ba-cm-P\v Ah-s Akm-[m-c-Wamb kvarXnbpw {]Xn-`bpw Iv AXyw ktm-j-ap-mbn. A\-cw ]dp:

16. Xa-{_-hoXv {]ob-amtWm almm

hcw Xth-lmZy ZZman `qbx
Xsshh \mav\m `hn-Xm-b-an:
krmw tNam-a-t\-I-cq]mw Krlm-W.
alm-m-hmb ba-cm-P AXyw {]k--\mbn \NntI-X-n-t\mSp ]dp \n-fpsS A{]-Xn-a-amb tbmKyX
Inv F\nv AXy-[nIw ktmjw tXmp-p. CXp
ImcWw Hcp hcw \n Bh-iy-s-SmsX Xs Rm
Xcp-p. AXv CXm-Ip-p. ""Rm \n\-p-]-tZ-inp Xn-cnp Cu An \ns t]tcm-Sp-IqSns {]kn--am-bno-c pw.'' AtXm-S p-I qSn CXpw kzoI-c n- p-s Im- p-I .
\np kzw tZh-Xz-{]m-]vXn-p-th-n-bp At\-Icq-]--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb hnhn-[-b
-hn-m-\-cq-]n-bmb Cu
cXv\-ame Rm Xcp-p. CXp kzoI-cn-m-epw.

18. {XnWm-Nn-tI-X-kv{X-b-ta-X-Zzn-ZnXzm
b Ghw hnZzmw-n-\ptX \mNn-tIXw
k arXyp]mim ]qcX: {]tWmZy
timIm-XntKm tamZtX kz-tem-tI.

GXm-Ir-Xn-b n F-s\-bp CjvSn-I-I , F{Xsbw thWw, F{]-Imcw Ansb Nb\w sNWw

Cu aqp kwK-Xn- Ifpw icnp a\-n- em-n-bn-v, bmsXmcp
hnZzm aqp-hw \mNn-tI-Xm-n-hn-Zysb \njvIm-a-`m-htm-Sp-IqSn A\p-jvTm\w sNp-pthm Ansb kaml-cn-p-pthm Ah tZlm-- n\p apt-Xs arXyp]m-is XInv timI-c-ln-X-\mbn Ah-km\w kztem-I-nse B\-s A\p-`-hn-p-p.

19. Gj tXKv\n\-Nn-tIXx kztKym

ba-hr-WoYm ZznXo-tb\ htcW
GX-aKv\nw Xsshh {]h-yn P\m-k
kvXrXobw hcw \Nn-tItXm hrWo-jz.
ba-cm-P ]d-bp-p. tl \Nn-tI-Xp \o cm-as
hc-n Bh-iy-s--X-\p-k-cnv B kz-{]m-]vXnp
km[\m-cq-]-amb An-hn-Zysb D]-tZ-inp Xn-cn-p-p.
Cp-ap-X Bfp-I \ns t]cns Cu Ansb
hnfn-pw. \Nn-tI-Xt C\n aqm-as hcw Bh-iy-sp-s Im-p-I.
kw_w \Nn-tI-Xv aqm-as hcw bmNn-p-p.

20. tbbw t{]tX hnNn-Inm a\ptjy

kvXotXytI \mb-a-kvXoXn ssNtI
GX- Zzn-Zym-a\pinjvS -kvX z-bmlw
hcm-Wm-taj hc-kvX r-Xobx

Cu temI-kp-J-p-thn ]nXm-hns\ ktm-jnn- p--Xn- \p hchpw ]c-tem-I-n- \p-thn kz km[\m-cq-]-amb An-hn-m-\-h-chpw {]m]n-n-v, \Nn-tI-Xv
Bm-hns bYm kzcq-]hpw AXns\ {]m]n-p-17. {XnWm-Nn-tI-X-kv{Xn-`n-tcXy knw
Xn-\p D]m-bhpw {Kln-p--Xn-\p-thn ba-cm-Ps
{XnI-IrXv XcXn P-arX
apn ap-- h-cp-tS-Xmb c- `n-{]m-b- Ah-X-cn-n-nv
{_-Pw tZh-aoUyw hnZnXzm
At-l-ns A\p- `q-X-hn-Nmcw Adn- bp-hm- \m-{K- ln-p- p.
AXn-\m \Nn-tI-Xv ]d-bpp: `K-h, acn a\p-jysc
\nNmt amw imn-a-Xy--ta-Xn.
kw_-nv Hcp henb ktlw \ne-hn-ep- v. ac-W-tijw
Cu Ansb aqp {]mhiyw A\p-jvTn- p- - h Ev,
Bm-hns AkvXnXzw Dsp Nnecpw Csp apbPp-v, kmaw Cu aqp-th-Z--fp-ambn _-s-nv aqpNn-ecpw hmZn-p-p. CXp kw_- n- p AbpsS A\pth-Z--fp-tSbpw XXz-c- l-ky--fn \njvIm-X-\m-bn, \njvIm`-h -m\w Acp-f n-s -b vX m-e pw. A-bpsS D]-tZ-i a-`m-h-tm-Sp-IqSn bw, Zm\w, X]w Fo aqp In\npw CXns clkyw Rm icn-bmbpw {Kln-p-tfbpw A\p-jvTn-p-sImp P\-\-a-c-W-km-K-c-n\v
sIm-mw. aqp hc--fn F\n--`o-jvS-amb hcw Cu
Asc IS-p-p. {_m-hn\nv D-gn krjvSn-Isf
aqm-a-t-Xm-Ip-p.
Adn- bp kvXh-\o-b-\mb Cu An-tZ-hs\ \-Xp-t]mse
Adn-nv Ansb \njvm-a`- m-h-tm-S-bp-IqSn Nb\w kw_w \Nn-tI-X-ns al-Xz-]q-amb tNmZyw
sNbvXv F\np e`y-amb A\--imn bmsXm-mtWm tIv ba- cm-P Bcm Ahs\ {]iw- kn- p. Atlw Nnnp. Ejn-Ip-am-c-\m-sW-nepw henb {]Xn-`m-imen Xs.
AXns\ {]m]n-p-p.

kw_w B An-hn-Zy-bpsS ^es ba-cm-P

hn-p-sImp ]d-bp-p:

44

I Fsmw tKm]-\ob hnj-b--fmWv Adn-bp-hm-\m-{K-lnp-Xv? ]s B-XXzw AXp-]-tbm-Kn-p-hm Ign-hp-hp thWw D]-tZ-in-p-hm. A\-[n-Im-cn-If
- m-bhv B-XXzw D]tZinp-Xv AXyw lm\n-I-c-hpam-W-tm. AXn-\m BZyw ]m{X-]-co--W-ns Bhiy-apv C{]-Imcw Nnnp ba-cm-P Cu XXz-ns
ITn-\X
- -Isf hn-p-sImv \Nn-tI-X-ns\ AXn
\npw ]nn-cn-n-p-hm {ian-p-sImp ]dp

21. t`ssh-c{- Xm]n hnNn-In-nXw ]pcm

\ ln kphn-t-b-a-Wp-tcj [x
A\yw hcw \Nn-tItXm hrWojz
am tam]-tcm-o-cXn am krssP-\w.

kw_w hnj-b-ns ImTn\yw Ip \Nn-tI-Xp

`b-s- n-. Ah Xs \n- b-n ]g-b- Xp- t]m- se-Xs
Dd-p-\n-p. Cu ]co--bn Ah hnP-bm-bn-op.
Atm ba-cm-P asmcp ]co-- b psS cq]-n
AbmfpsS apn hn`n---fmb {]tem-`-\- \nc-nsh-b
v p--Xn-s\-n Nnnp ]dp XpSn

23. iXm-bpjx ]p{X-]u-{Xm hrWojz

_lq ]iq lkvXn-ln-c-Wym-a-izm
`qtaa-l-Zm-b-X\w hrWojz
kzwb N Poh ictZm bmh-Zn-k
- n.

\Nn-tI-X-t, \o hfsc \njvI-f--\m-Ip-p. Cu hcw

sImv Fp t\-amWp \n\-p-m-Ip-Xv? ZoL-Po-hn\Nn-tI-X-t, Cu B-XXzw AXyw kqva-hn-j- X-n-\p-X-Ip kpJ-t`mK hkvXp-sf kzoI-cn-q. \qdp
b- am-Ip-p. CXp a\- n-em-pI Ffp- -ap Imcy-a- . ]p \qdp kwhvX-{k- Pohn-n-cn-p ]p{X-]u-{Xm-ZnIfStZh-Ip-t]mepw Cu hnj-b-n kt-l-ap-m-bn-cp- p henb ]cn-hm-c-s- tNm-Zn-p-sIm-q. tKm apXp. Ah-cnepw CXp hfsc hnhm-Z-hn-j-b-am-bn-cp-n-p-v, embn D]-tbm-K -{]-Z- - f mb arKtfbpw B\-I ,
kzw, IpXn-c-I Ch-bS- -p hn]p-e-amb km{am-PyFm Ahpw CXp {Kln-p-hm km[n-n-n-. AXpt--sbpw tNmZn-q. Ch-sbmw A\p-`-hn-p--Xn\v
sImp \n asmcp hcw tNmZn-p-sIm-p-I. Rm
F{X Imew Pohn--Wtam A{Xbpw Imew CjvSw- t]mse
aqp-hcw Xcm-sap hmp-X-n-n- - tm. AXn-\m Rm
Pohn-n-cp- p-sIm-q.
\np IS-m-c-\p-am-Ip-p. Fm \n Cu hc24. GX-peyw bZn a\ytk hcw
n-\p-th-n, am\y-\mb Hcp IS-m-c-\n kw sNepp--Xp-t]mse Fs hnj-an-n--cp-Xv. Cu B-X-Xz-hnhrWojz hnw Nnc-Po-hnImw N
jbw F\np Xncnp Xcq; CXv F\n-p-thn Dt]alm`qau \Nn-tI-Xk
- vXz-ta[n
n-q.

Imam\mw Xzm Ima`mPw Itcm-an.

kw_w \Nn-tI-Xv B-X-Xz-ns ITn-\X

- -I
tInv Aev]w-t]mepw ]cn-{`-an-n; Ahs Dmlw ao`-hn-n-. adn-v, Ah Hp-IqSn ZrV-Xm-]qw ]dp

22. tZssh-c-{Xm]n hnNn-In-nXw Ine

Xzw N artXym b khn-t-b-am
hm Nmky XzmZr-Kt\ym \ et`ym
\mt\ym hc-kvXpey GXky In-Xv.
tl artXym! Ap-Xs CXp ]d-p-h-tm. ]pcm-X-\Im-ep tZh-I Cu hnj-bs kw_-nv Btem-N\-I \S-n- bn-cp-spw Ahv AXp {Kln-p-hm
Ign-n-spw Cu hnjbw Ffp--ap--X AXyw
kqva-am-sW-pw. Atm AXp-sIm-p-Xs a\-n-emp-hm km[n-p--Xv, CXp hfsc al-Xz-ta-dnb hnj-bam-sW-m-Wv. A-s\-bp alXz ]q-amb hnjbs {Kln-n-p--Xn\v A-sb-tmse A\p-`-h-m\- ap Hcp hm-hns\ hf- scb[nIw At\z- jn-npw IpIn-p-hm F\np Ign-n-spw Ahn-Spp [cn--Ww.
Ahn-Spp ]d-bpp: CXp-t]-n-nv asmp tNmZn- p-sImp-hm. Fm CXn-\p-Xp-ey-amb asmcp hcw Cs-pXs Rm hniz-kn-p-p. AXn-\m Ir]m-]qw CXv
F\n- p-]-tZ-in-p-X-m-epw.

""\Nn-tI- X-t, \o {]Np-c- [\ k- v, ZoL-Po-hn-X- n\p-th-n-bp kpJ-km-a-{Kn-I, As-n a\p-jyv

B-X-Xz-hn-j-b
- n\p ka-ambn F{X-am{Xw t`mK--
t`mKn-p-hm km[n-ptam Ah-sbmw tNmZn-p-sIm-pI. \o Cu hnim-e`- a
- -WvU-e-ns N{I-hn-bm-bns Ign- p- sIm- p-I. Rm \ns kI- e-kp- J- fpw
CjvSm-\p-k- cWw A\p-`-hn-p--h-\m-n-op-sIm- f-Afmw.'' C{]-Imcw ba-cm-P Xs hmIvNm-Xp-cy- m BX-Xz-ns alXzw Dbn-smpw \Nn-tI-X-ns\
hnim-e-t`mK ImWnp {]tem-`n-np-sIm-p-an-cp-p.
kw_w C{X-bp-am-bnpw \Nn-tI-Xp Xs \n-bn Dd-pXs \np. Atm kz-nse ssZhn-It`mKsf-m-Wnp {]tem-`n-n-p-sImv ba-cm-P ]dp.

25. tb tb Imam Zp`m aXy-temtI

km Imamw-ivO-X: {]m-bkz
Cam cmam: kcYm: kXqcym
\ loZrim ew`-\obm a\pssjy:
B`na-Xv{]-m`n: ]cn-Nm-c-bkz
\Nn-tItXm acWw am\p-{]mo:

45

cpsS Pohn-Xhpw Aev]-Im-e-tp am{X-ta-bp-q. Hcn Ahcpw acn-t-n-hc

- pw. Fn ap-h
- c
- psS
nXn Fm-bn- cnpw? AXp- Im-cWw Rm\n-sXmpw B{Kln-p-n-. A-bpsS cY-, B\, IpXn-c, ca- Wn-am,
Ah-cpS \r- Fmw Ap-Xs ssIhiw shpsIm-q.

kw_w ba-cm-P injy-s-ta kzm`m-hn- I-ambn Zbhp alm\p`mhn-bmb BNm-cy-\m-Ip-p. Atlw ]co- W-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-s `bhpw ]Sn-]-Sn-bm- bp kpJ-t`mK--fpsS {]tem-`\
- hpw sImv, Ipn Cfn Dd-n-p-Xp-t]mse \Nn-tI-X-ns sshcm-Ky-k---amb ZrV-\n-bs hopw IqSp-X Dd-n-p. BZyw ImTn-\y- ns
`bw ImWn-p. ]noSv Cu temI-nse kpJt`mK-km-a{KnIsf Hsm-m-bp-bn-m-Wn-p. Ah-km\w kztem-It- mSpw Ah-\p sshcmKyw Dm-Ip--Xn\v kzob-kp-J-t`mKfpsS Nn{Xhpw Ahs apn Dbnm-Wn-p. A\-cw ]dp: "\o Ch-sbmw B B-XXz-kw-_-n-bmb hc-n\p Xpeyw IW-m-p-p-sn Ahsb tNmZn-p-sIm-q. Fm \Nn-tI-Xv ZrV\n--b\pw kXy-hm-\p-am-bn- cp-p. Cu temI-n- tebpw ]ctem-I-n-tebpw Ghpw henb t`mK-kp-J--sf, Bm\ kpJ- ns Hcp p{Zmw-i-tm-Sp-t]mepw Xpe\w
sNp-hm kmy-a-sv Ah-\-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-p. AXp-ImcWw Ah Xs \n-bs bpn-]qw kanp-sImv ]q-ssh-cm-Ky-bp--amb hmpIfn ba-cmP- t\mSp ]dp

a\p-jy [\w sImv Hcn-epw Xr]vX-\m-Ip-n-sv

A-dn-bp-p. An-bn s\pw hndIpw CSp--XpsImv AXv Hn- s\mp in- bmbn Bfn- - p- p. A{]Imcw Xs [\-n-tbpw t`mK-n-tbpw {]m]vXnsImp t`mKm-`n-em-j-Ml
v Hp-IqSn hnim-e-am-bn-o-cpp. AhnsS Xr]vXn F-s\-bp-mIpw? AhnsS cmhpw
]Iepw A]q-X-bp-tSbpw AXr-]vXn-bp-tSbpw An
Pzen-p-sIm-t-bn-cn- pw. C{]-Im-c-ap ZpxJ-Zm- bn-bmb [\tbpw t`mK-tbpw _pn-bp Bpw Bh-iy-sSp-hm km[y-a-. F\nv Fs Pohn-Xm-h-iy-mbn
F{X-am{Xw [\w Bh- iy- aptm A{Xbpw [\w A-bpsS
Zi-\w-sImv kzbw {]m]vXa
- m-bn-o-cpw. ]ns-bp-Xv
ZoL Pohn-X-ns Imcy-am-Ip-p. AXp ac-Wm-h-bn A-bpsS Iev]\ hcp-- Xp-hsc F\np ac-Ws
`b-s-tS Bh-iy-an-sm! Xm-c-W--fm ap hcw
tNmZn-p-Xv DNn-X-am-sW-s-\np tXmn-bn-. AXn\m Fs {]m\ AtX B-XXz hnj-b- I-amb hcw
Xs- bm-Wv. F\n-Xp ]nh-en-p-hm km[y-a-.

26. tizm`mhm ayky bZ--ssI-XXv

kth-{n-bmWmw Pc-bn tXP:
A]n khw Pohn-X-a-ev]-tah
Xsshh hmlm-kvXh \rXy-Ko-tX.
Atbm km--I-\mb ba-cm-Pm-th, Av Fs
apn Dbn-m-Wn kpJ-t`mK hkvXp--fpsS alna- I-sfmw tIhew W-`w-Kp-c--fm-Ip- p. \msf-hsc \ne\nptam Fp-t]mepw Rm kwi-bn-p-p. Ch-bpsS
kwtbm- K-n \np-m-Ip kpJ- hmkvX-h-n
kpJta A, Ah ZpxJ-a-t{X. Cu t`mKy-h-kvXp-
bmsXmcp em`hpw kw`m-h\ sNp-n-. adnp a\p-jys
C{n-b--fpsS tXPpw [hpw lcn-p-I-bt{X sNp-Xv.
Av F\np \Ip-hm-\m-{K-ln ZoL-Po-hn-Xs
A\-- Ime Pohn-X-tmSp Xpe\w sNp-tm tIhew
Aev]w am{Xta BIp-p-q. {_mhp apX-emb tZh-m-

\Nn- tI- X-t, Fsmw kpJ- ay-tem- I-n

Zp-`--fm-bn-cn-p-pthm Ahsb Fmw \o CjvSm-\pk-cWw tNmZn-p-sIm-p-I. Cu cY--tfbpw hnhn[ Xcn-ep hmZy- -tfm-Sp-IqSn kz-nse kp-c -c -aWnItfbpw kzoI-cn-q. A-s\-bp kp-cn-Isf a\pjyn-S-bn Hcn-Spw ImWpI km[y-a-, henb henb
aljn-amt]mepw Ahp-thn {]tem-`\ hi-K-cm-bnon-p- v. Ch-sbmw \n\p Rm AXn-thKw
\Imw. \o Chsb kzoI-cnp aS-n-tm-Iq. Ah-scsmv \ns Bh-iy- \n-lnp Ign-p-sIm-q.
Fm B-hn-Zy-sb-n am{Xw \o tNmZn--cp-Xv.

27. \ hnt\ X-Wotbm a\ptjym

e]vkym-atl hn-a-{Zmva tNXv Xzm
Pohn-jymtam bmh-Zo-in-jykn Xzw
hc-kvXpta hc-Wobx k Gh.

kw_w C{]-Imcw t`mK--fpsS Xp-X-sb-n hnnp \Nn-tI-Xv Xs hc-ns al-Xz-s-n ]d-tijw AXp {]Zm\w sN-W-ta-sbv ZrV-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn
A`yn-p-p

28. APo-cy-Xm-a-ar-Xm-\m-ap-t]Xy
Pocy ay: Iz[x: {]Pm-\
A`n-[ym-b h-c-Xn-{]-tam-Zm
\Xn-ZotL PohntX tIm cta-X.
Atbm ba-cm-Pm-th, Ap-Xs Acp-fn-s-bvXm-epw.
A-sb-tmse AP-c\pw Aa-c\pw Bb alm-m-hns
Zp-`hpw Atam-L-hp-amb Iqp e`n-n-v, Pcm-a-cW kz`mh- ap kv{XoI-fpsS ku-cy-nepw {IoU-I-fnepw BtamZ
{]tam-Z--fnepw Bk--cmbn AXp-If
- psS t\sc GsXnepw _pn-am t\m-an-Sptam? Cu temI-n ZoLImew Pohn-p--Xn Bcv B\w ImWpw?

29. bkvan-nZw hnNn-In-n artXym

bm-\z-cmtb alXn {_pln \kvXXv

46

tbmbw htcm KqV-a-\p-{]-hnjvtSm

\m\yw Xkvam--Nn-tIXm hrWo-tX.
\Nn- tI- Xv ]d-bpp ""tl ba-cm-P, GsXmcp BX-X z-kw-_ -n-bmb alm-m-\-s--n, ac- Wm-\- cw
Bm-hns BkvXnIyw Dtm Ctbm Fv Bfp-I
kwibw {]I-Sn-n-p-p-thm, AXns\ kw_-nv \nbm-- I-ambn Atbv v A\p-` q-X-amb m\s
F\nv Ir]m-]qw D]-tZ-in-p-XctW. Cu B-kw-_n-bmb hcw AXyw KqV-am-Ip-p, kXy-am-Ip-p.
Fm A-bpsS injy-\mb \Nn-tI-Xv CsXm-gnp
asmcp hchpw B{K- ln-p-n- .''
kw_w C{]-Imcw ]co--I \S-n--gn--tm
\Nn-tI-Xv ZrV-\n-b
- \pw ]c-a-ssh-cm-Ky-hm\pw \n`oI\pw {_-hn-Zybvv Al-\p-am-sWp ba-cm-P\p \nb-am-bn. AXn-\m {_-hn-tZym-]-tZiw Bcw-`n-p--Xn-\papv AXns al-Xzs {]I-S-am-n-smv ba-cm-P
]dp

1. A\y--tdtbm\yZp-ssXh t{]b
kvtX Dt` \m\mt ]pcpjw kn\oX:
Xtbm: t{ib BZ-Zm-\ky km[p
`hXn lobtXmZy D t{]tbm hrWotX!!
a\p-jy-i-cocw A\y tbm\n-I-sf-tmse I-^ew
A\p-`-hn-m-\m-bn-am{Xw Inn-bn-p--X-. CXp-sImp a\pjyp `mhn-bn kpJ-k-m-Z-\-n-\p km[-\-fpw
A\p-jT
v n-p-hm km[n-p-p. thZ--fn kpJ-km-[-\ cmbn \nh-Nn-n-cn-p-p. 1. t{ib--v-A-Xm-bXp
kZm- Im-ehpw Fm ZpxJ--fn\npw thZ-\-I-fn\npw
c-sv \nXym-\--kz-cq-]-amb ]c-{_--]p-cp-tjm--as\
{]m]n-p--Xn-\p D]m-bw. 2. t{]b--v-A-Xm-bXv kv{Xo,
]p{X, [\w, amfnI _lp-am-\w, biv apX-embn Cu
temI-n- tbpw kz-tem-I-n-t-bp-ambn F{X- am{Xw
{]mIr-X-t`m-K-h-kvXp- - fptm Ahsb {]m]n-p- - Xn-\p
D]m-bw. C{]-Imcw AXm-Xn-t-Xmb coXn-bn a\p-jyp
kpJw Zm\w sNp--Xn\p Ign-hp Cu cp km[-\Ifpw a\p-jysc _-\--cm-p-p. Ahsc AXm-Xp-IfpsS t\tc BIjn-p-p. A[nIw Bfp-Ifpw t`mK-fn {]Xy-hpw Xmm-en-Ih
- p-amb kpJw Is-pp. Cu {]oXn Imc-Ww, AXns Ay-s-n NnnmsX t{]b-ns t\sc BIjn--s-Sp-p. Fm
GXm\pw `mKy- hm- m `K- hXv Ir]-bm t`mK- -fpsS B]mX-c-a-Wo-b-Xbpw ]cn-Wma ZpxJ-ns cl-ky-fpw {Klnnv Ah-bn\npw hnc--cmbn t{ib-m-[-\I
- f
- psS
t\tc BIjn--s-Sp-p. Cu cn-\-n- epw-s] a\p-jycn Bcp `K-hms Ir]m-]m-{X-ambn t{ib-ns\ X\n-pthn Xnc-s-Sp-p-p-thm, X]-c-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn AXnt- Xmb km[-\-I-fn hym]r-X-\mbn Ign-bp-pthm Ah\v
Fm {]Im-c-nepw D awKfw DmIpw. Ah Fs-

t-p-ambn Fm ZpxJ--fn\npw ap-\mbn A\-hpw, Ako-a-hp-amb B\-k

- z-cq] ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]np-p. Fm bmsXm-cp- kmwkm-cnI kpJ-km-[\-If
- n apgp-In--gn-bp-pthm Ah Xs am\h PohnX- ns ]ca ey-a mb ]c-a m- - {]m-] vX n-c q-] -a mb
bYm {]tbm-P\w t\Sp-n-. AXn-\m Ah\v BXyn-Ihpw \nXy-hp-amb B\w e`n-p-n-. Ah-\m-Is
{`a-h-im kpJ-cq-]- F tXm-ep-m-p A\nXy-t`m-K- e`n-p-p. Ah hmkvX-h
- n ZpxJ-Zm-bnIXs Bbn- c n- p- s a- nepw Ah \nXym- \ - n\npw {`jvS-\m-bn-o-cp-p.

2. t{ib t{]b a\p-jy-ta-X

kvXu kw]-coXy hnhn-\n [oc:
t{itbm ln [otcm`n t{]btkm hrWotX
t{]tbm atm tbmK-t-amZv hrWo-tX.
A[n-I-am-fp-Ifpw ]p\- -n hnizm-k-an-m--hcm-b-Xp-sImv Cu hnj-b--sf-n A[nIw Nnn-m-dn. Ah t`mK--fn Bk--cmbn X-fpsS tZh-Zp`-amb a\p-jy-Po-hn-X s arK-Xpeyw t`mK-kp-Jm-\p-`h
- fn Ah-km-\n-n-p-p. Fm Ghp ]p\-nepw ]c-tem-I-nepw hnizm-k-aptm B Nnm-ioe-cmb a\p-jy-cpsS apn t{ibx t{]bx-{]iv\w hcptm Ah Ch cn-t\-bpw-]n icnp Nnn-p-Ibpw
Ch cn-t\bpw ]n {]tXyIw {Kln-p--Xn\p {ian-pIbpw sNp-p. Ch-cn t{ijvT\pw _pn-k---\p-amb-h cn-tbpw XXzs ]q-ambn a\-n-emn \oco-c-hn-th-In-bmb Ac-b--s- tmse t{]b-ns\ Dt]n-nv t{ib-ns\ kzoI-cn-p-p. Fm Aev]-_pn-bmb a\p-jy Xs hnthI in-bpsS A`mhw aqew
t{ib-ns ^e-sf Ahn-iz-kn-p-Ibpw {]Xy-- ambn
ImW-s-Sp euIn-I-tbm-K-t-a
- n-\p-th-n, AXns
knn-p-th-n, t{]b-ns\ kz-am-p-Ibpw e`y-amb
t`mK-h-kvXp- kpc-n-X-ambn kqn-p-Ibpw A{]m]vX-am-b-hsb {]Np-c- amb am{X-bn Inp-sap hnNm-cn-pIbpw CXp-Xs tbmK-t-a-sap Icp-Xp-Ibpw sNpp.
kw_w ]c-am {]m]vXn-p km[-\m-cq-]-amb
t{ib-ns\ {]iw-kn-nv ba-cm-P km[m-cW a\p- jycn
\npw \Nn-tI-X-n-\p hnti-j-Xsb FSp-p-Im-Wn-nv
Ahs sshcm-Kys {]iw-kn-p-sImp ]d-bpp

3. k Xzw {]nbm {]nb-cq-]mw Imam

\`n-[ym-b- -Nn-tItXmXy kvdmox
ss\Xmw krMvImw hn-a-bo-a-hm]vtXm
bkymw-a-n _lthm a\p-jym.
ba-cm-P ]d-bpp ""tl \Nn-tI-X-t, \ns ]con-nv \o henb _pn-am\pw hnth-Inbpw sshcm-Ky-k-

47

I --\p-am-sWp Rm \-Xp-t]mse a\-n-em-n-bn-cn-pp. kzbw henb ka\pw hnth-Inbpw Xmn-I\pw

Fsms IcpXn \S-p Bfp-I t]mepw shn-n-fp k-p-I-fpsS ambm-tam-l-h-e-b-n AI-s-pt]m-Ip-p. Ah-tbbpw \o \ncm-I-cn-n-cn-p-p. Rm
BIj-W-amb `mj-bn XpS-bmbn ]p{X, ]u{X,
B\, IpXn-c, tKm, [w, k- v, `qan apX-embn Zpjv{]m]y-fpw tem`-\o-b--fp-amb t`mK-sf ImWnp \ns
{]tem-`n-n-p. am{X-a-, kznse Znhy-t`m-K-fpw
A\p]- a-kp--cn-If
- mb kzob Xcp-WnIsfsm-p
Nnc-t`mK kpJ-ns {]tem-`-\hpw Dbn-m-Wn-p.
Fm \o Ah-sbmw kzm`m-hn-Ia
- mbn Dt]-n-p-I-fp. AXp- Im- cWw \o Xo- bmbpw ]c-am--X-Xzs {ihnp--Xn\p XnIpw A[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cn-p-p.''

4. Zqc-tatX hn]-cotX hnjq No

Ahn-Zymb bm N hntZyXn mXm
hnZym-`o-]vkn\w \Nn-tI-Xkw at\y
\ Xzm Imam _lthmtemep-]-.
Cu Ahn-Zy, hnZy F t]cp-I-fn {]kn--amb cp
km[-\-I {]tXyIw {]tXyIw ^e-sf {]Zm\w sNp-hbpw ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp---fp-am-Ip-p. bmsXm-cp-\p
t`mK--fn Bk-n-bp-m-Ip-pthm Ah\p awK-f-km[-\-I-fn ]ptcm-K-a n-p-hm km[n-p-n-. bmsXm-cp awK-f-am-nse ]Yn-I-\m-bn-o-cp-pthm Ah
t`mK--fpsS t\tc ZrjvSn Dbp-n-. Ah \m\m-{]Im-c--fn-ep t`mK--tfbpw ZpxJ-Zm-b-I
- -fmbn ImWpIbpw Ahsb ]cn-Xy-Pn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. \Nn-tI-X-t,
\o hnZy-sb-s A`n-ej
- n-pp Fp Rm hniz-knp-p. Fp-sIm-s-m A\---fmb kpJ-t`m-Kp \ns lrZ-b-n teiw- t]mepw {]`mhw krjvSnp-hm Ign-n-.

5. Ahn-Zym-bm-a-tc h-am\m:
kzbw [ocm: ]WvUn-X--\y-am\m:
Z{-ay-amWm: ]cn-bn aqVm
At-ss\h \ob-am\m bYmm:
Ftm A-\mb a\p-jy\p am-Zin-bmbn As\-s e`n-ptm Atm Ah\v A`o-jvS-m-\s- p-hm Ign-bm-Xm-hp-Ibpw CSbvp ImXn hogpIbpw, app-I Xdpw Ipp-Ip- gn- I-fn hoWpw Dbp
\nevp ]md-I-fnepw `nn-If
- nepw arK--fp-sS-taepw
Xn-ap-nbpw \m\m-hn-[-n-ep IjvS-X- I A\p-`-hn-t- Xmbn hcn-Ibpw sNp-p. AXp-t]mse Xs B aqVmp arK--fp-tSbpw ]n-I-fp-tSbpw ]pgp-p-fp-tSbpw
bmX-\m-]q-amb tbm\n- I-fn-epw, {Iqc-\-c-I--fnepw {]thinv A\--P--hsc Ah-km-\-an-m bmX-\I
-
A\p-`-hn-t--Xmbn hcn-Ibpw Ah _pn-a m-mcpw

hnZzm-m-cp-ambn kzbw Al--cn-p-Ibpw hnZy-bp-tSbpw

_pn-bp-tSbpw anYym-l-m-c-m imkv{X-tbpw alm]p-c p-j-m-cpsS hN-\--tfbpw Aev]w-t]mepw hI-hbvmsX Ahsb Ah-tl-fn-p-Ibpw {]Xy kpJ-cq-] Fp tXmnb t`mK-sf A\p-`-hn-p--Xnepw
D]mn-p--Xnepw \nc-cw hym]r-X-cmbn a\p-jy-Po-hnX-nse Aaq-ey-amb ka-bs hy-ambn \jvS-s-Spp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p-p.

6. \ km-cmb: {]Xn-`mXn _mew

{]am-Zyw hn-tam-tl\ aqVw
Abw temtIm \mkvXn ]c CXn am\o
]p\x-]p-\-i-am-]-ZytX ta.
C{]-Imcw a\p-jy-Po- hn-X-ns al-zs Adn- pIq-Sm Al-m-cn-bmb a\p-jy {]] kpJ-t`m-K-k-p-If
- psS {]m]vXn-p-thn [\m-Zn-I-fn tamlnp
Pohn-p-p. AXm-bXv t`mK--fn Bk--\m-bn. {]am-Z]qw tXmn-b-Xp-t]m-ep BN-c-W- A\p-jvTn-phm XpS-p-p. Ahs lrZ-b-n ]c-temIw tXms-Sp-n-. ac-Wm-\-- cw, X\np Xs kakvX I-fp-tSbpw ^e-a-\p-`h
- n-p--Xn\p hnhn-[-tbm-\n-I-fn Psa- Sp-t-- Xmbn hcp-sa-p hnNmcw Ahs a\-n
DZn-p--tX-bn-. ChnsS {]Xy--n Fsmw ImWs-Sp-pthm AXp-Xs temIw Fv B _pn-lo-\
Icp-Xp-p. ChnsS F{X-am{Xw hnj-bk
- pJw A\p-`-hnmtam A{Xbpw _pn- bm-bn-cn-pw. CXn- \-p-dspv?
]c-tem-Is Bcp In- cn- pp? ]c- temIw Bfp-I-fpsS
`mh-\-am-{Xw. Ch-sbmw am\y-am-bn--cp-Xp a\p-jy
XpS-bmbn ba-cm-Ps ]nSn-bn-e-Is
- -Sp-Ibpw Atlw
Ahs I--\p-k-cnv Ahs\ hnhn-[-tbm-\n-I-fntep Xn-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p. P\-\a
- -cW N{In
\npw Ah\p tamN-\ta e`n-p-n-.
kw_w C{]-Imcw hnj-bm-k
- cpw {]Xy--hm-ZnIfpw Bb aqV-msc \nn--tijw B-X-Xz-n-tbpw
AXns\ Adn-bp-Ibpw {Kln-p-Ibpw hn-p-Ibpw
sNp--h-cp-tSbpw Zp-`-Xsb hn-p-p.

7. {ih-Wm-bm]n _lp-`ntbm \ e`y:

irWztm]n _lthm bw \ hnZyp:
Btcym hm Ipitemky e_v[m
tcym mXm Ipi-em-\p-injvSx
B- X -X z- ns Zp- ` -X sb {Kln-n-p--X n\p
thn ba-cm-P ]d-p--\-Nn-tI-X-kvtk, B-XXzw
km[m-c-Wt- ]m-ep Hcp Imcy-a-. temI-n A[n-I-amfp-Ipw BXva -I-eym-W-]-c-amb Imcy--sf--n-bp
N-I tIp-Xn-\p-t]mepw km[n-p-n- . {]`m-Xn DW- cp- Xp apX cm{Xn Dd-p-- Xp- sIm- n- cn- t
Np-]m-Sn Ah Pohn-p-p. AXn-\m Ah-cpsS a\v

48

I Fp-bm-a--fnepw hnj-b-Nn--I-fn apgp-In--gn-bp-p.

\Nn-tI-X-ns\ {]iw-kn-p-sImp ba-cm-P hopw

Ah-cpsS lrZ-b
- -fn B-XXzw tIp--Xn\pw ]d-bp-p. Fs {]nb-s--ht- \. \ns Cu ]hn-{X-amb
{Kln-p- - Xn\pw D Nn Hcn- epw DZn- p-n; AYhm _pnbpw \n- ea
- mb \njvTbpw Ip Rm AXyw
As\ Hcp k`w Dm-Ip-I-b m-s W-ns {]k- -\m-b n-c n- p- p. C{]-Im-c-ap \njvT- X - Ahp hnj-bt- k-h-\
- n\npw Hcn-epw Hgn-hp- fn\nv Hcn-epw e`y-am-Ip-hm kmy-a-. AXm-Is
Inpp-an-. Nne-bm-fp-I tIp {Kln-p-Xp \-sXp `K- hXv Ir]- bm GsX-nepw alm-m- hns Iqp-sImpw
IcpXn tIp-p. Fm Ahs hnj-b-{K-kX
v -amb Atlw apJm-n-c-am-bp XpS-bmb ]c-am-m-a-l-XzlrZ-b
- n\v AXp-hl
- n-p-hm km[n-msX hcpp. ns hni-Z-hn-th-N\w {ihn-p--Xn-\p ku`m-KywAs-n a-_p-n-bm-b-Xp-Im-cWw AXp {Kln-m Ign- sImpw kwkn--a m-Ip-p. C{]-Im-c-ap \njvT-X -sbp-n-. bmsXm-cp- XovW-_p-n-bmbn Icp-X-s-Sp- bmWp a\p-jys\ B-m-\-n-\p-thn {]b-Xv\n-ppthm As\ D-h -c ns A-X -X zs -Xn\p t{]cn-n-p--Xv. \ns Rm C{X- b-[nIw {]tembYm-cq-]-n hn-p-hm Ign-hp alm-]p-cp- `n-n-npw kzw Xocp-am-\-n \o ZrV-ambn \np.
jam hfsc hnc-f-amtb ImW-s-Sp-p-p. A-X- AXn \npw hmkvX-h-n bYm [mc-W-bn \o
Xzs {]]n-nv PohnXw k^-e-am-n-bn-pXpw Htc Hcp k--\m-sWpw hy-am-bn-cn-p-p. \Nn-tI-X-t ,
]pcp-j am{X-ta-bp-p. \-Xp-t]mse {Kln-v, PnhnXw \app \ns- tmse tNmZnp hmp Pnm-kp- -sfk^-e-am-n-b-hcpw PohnXm\p`hfp--hcpw, B- Zin- bm-Wm-h- iyw.
I-fp-amb BNm-cy-m-cn\npw D]-tZiw e`n-n-v, AXn-\kw_w Atm ba-cm-P DZm-l-c -W -k-lnXw
\p-k-c-a-ambn a\-\-\n-Zn-[ym-k-\-m XXz-ns kmm\njvIm-a-`m-hs {]iw-kn-p-sImp ]dp:
Xvmcw t\Sp ]pcp-j-mcpw temI-n hfsc hnc-f10. Pm\m-aylw tih-[n-cn-Xy-\nXyw
amtb D-Ip-p-p.
kw_- w- C\n AXv a-P vRm-\-ns Zpe-` -X -bpsS
ImcWw ]d- bp-p

8. \ \tc-Wm-h-tcW t{]m Gj
kphn-PvtRtbm _lp[m Nny-am-\x
A\-\y-t{]mt KXn-c{X \mkvXn
AWo-bm lyX-ya-W p-{]-am-Wm-Xv.

\ lyp[vdpssh: {]m]ytX ln [vdphw XXv

XtXm abm \mNn-tI-X-ntXmn
c\n-ssXy{Zsshy: {]m]vXh
- m-\kvan \nXyw.

\Nn-tI-Xt! I--fpsS ^e-kz-cq-]-amb Cu temIn- tebpw ]c-tem-I-n-tebpw t`mK-k-aq-l--fmbn e`yam-Ip \n[n- I, Ah F{X- am{Xw Aaq- ey- - fm-bn- cp-mepw
Hcp Znhkw Ah \in- pw. AXm-bXv Ah A\n-Xy- am- Ipp
{]Ir-Xn-]-cy--ap kq-a-X-Xz--tf-m Cu A- Fp- Imcyw Rm \m-b-dn-bp-p. AXp-t]mse
XXzw kq-a-am-Ip-p. CXns bYm cq]w {Kln-n- A\nXy km[-\-I-fn\npw \nXy hkvXp-sf {]m]n-pp--Xn\p Ign-hp alm-msc e`n-p--Xp-hsc a\p- hm Hcn-epw kmy-a-. Cu cl-kys Adn-p-sImjyv AXn {]thi\w e`n-pI AXyw Zpjv-c-am- p-Xs Rm \Nn-tI-Xm-n-bpsS Nb-\mZn cq]-n
Wv. AXv A{Xbvp Kl-\-am-W.v Aev]-PvRm\w km[m-cW Nne bmZn I-hy-I- A\nXy hkvXp-
Adn-hp-Im-cWw CXn-s\-n D]-tZ-in-p-Ibpw AXn-\-\p-k- hgn-bmbn Fm A`nemj-tfmSpw Bk-n-tbmSpw clncnv hnhn-[-co-Xn-bn Nnn-p-Ibpw A`y-kn-p-Ibpw X-ambn I-_p-n-tbm-Sp-IqSn am{Xw sNbvXn-cn-p-p.
sNp-IbmsWn AXns A-PvRm\ cq]-amb ]ew A\n-Xy-]-Zm--sf-smp I-hy-]m-e\ kzcq-]-Dm-Ip-n-. BXva-XXzw Aev]w-t]mepw a\-n-em-p- fmb Cuiz-c-]q-P-I sNbvXv Rm \nXy-kpJ cq]-\mb
hm km[n-p-I-bn-. ap--h-cn \npw {ihn-msX ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-n-cn-p-p. CXp \njvIma `mhkzbw X-hn-X-bp--amb hni-I-e-\w-sImpw Cu ns aln-a-X-s-bm-Ip-p.
B-XXzw {Kln-p-hm km[n-p-I-bn-. Fm {ihnkw_w \Nn-tI- X- n Cu \njvIm- a- `mhw ]q- ambn
pI Bh-iy-am-Wv. ]s CtX-kw-_-n-p- \ ]cnI-Xp-sImv Ahs\ {]iw-kn-p-sIm-p-Xp-S-cp-p.
PvRm\w knn-n-p alm-m-cn\npw thWw XXz-{i11. Ima-kym]vXnw PKX: {]XnjvTmw
hWw \S- p-hm. Atm X- n\pw AXo- X- amb Cu
Kl-\-hn-j-b-n ]cn-m\w knn-p-p.
{ItXm-c-\ -ya-` -bky ]mcw

9. ss\jm XtW aXn-cm-]-t\bm

t{]mm-t\y-ss\h km-\mb t{]jvT
bmw Xzam]: kXy-[r-Xn_-Xmkn
XzmZrMv t\m `qbm--Nn-tIX: {]jvSm.

kvtXma-a-l-Zp-cq-Kmbw {]XnjvTmw
ZrjvSzm [rXym [mtcm \Nn-tItXmXy{km-o.
\Nn-tI-X-t, \n Fm-hn-[-nepw t{ijvT\pw
_pn-k--\pw \njvIm-a\pw BIp-p. Rm hc-Zm-\-

49

I ambn \ns apn hn-cn-p kzw Fm {]Im-c-n-

]qw {ihn-Ww; A\-cw AXns\ a\\w sNWw;

ep- ap t`mK--fm ]cn-]qhpw PK-ns B[m-c- kz- XZ-\-cw GIm--X-bn AtX-n Nnnv _pn-bn
cq-] hpw bm-Zn-i p-` -I - -fpsS A-c -l n-X -a mb nc-s- Sp-- Ww. C{]-Imcw km[\ sNbvX-Xn-\p-ta a\p^ehpw Fm ZpxJ--fn \npw `b--fn\npw cln- jyv B-kz-cq-]-{]m-]vX n-bp-m-Ip-tm AXm-bXv
Xhpw kvXpXn--s-Sp-hm tbmKyhpw AXyw al-Xz- Ah Bm-hns\ XXz-tm-Sp-IqSn {Kln-p-tm B\- mb ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p-p. B
]q-hp-am-Ip-p. thZ--fn AXns At\I hn[-n- -kz-cq-]\
ep KpW-sf Km\w sNbvXn-cn-p-p. AXv A\-- B\ alm-k-ap-{Zs {]m]n-nv Ah AXn \na-Imew \ne-\np--Xm-Ip-p. \o AXns al-Xzs \m-bn-o-cp-p. tl \Nn-tI-Xt! \n\-p-thn B ]c-aicnp {Kln-n-cp-npw ss[cy-tm-Sp-IqSn AXns\ ]cn- [m-a-ns hmXn Xpd-n- n-cn-p-p. Atmp {]th-inXy-Pn-n-cn-p- p. \ns a\v AXn Aev]w- t]mepw Bk- p--Xn\nv Bpw \nsf XS-bp-hm km[y-a-.
- m-in-bm-bn-cn-p--am-bn-cp-n-. \o kzw Xocp-am-\-n ZrV-ambn \n {_ {]m]vXn-p D-am-hI
Ddp\np. CXp km[m-c-Wa
- mb Hcp kwK-Xn-b
- . AXn- Xmbn Rm Icp-Xp-p.
\m \o henb _pn-am-\pw, A\m- k- \pw B- X-Xzs
kw_w ba-cm-Ps apJ-p-\npw ]c-{_-]
- p-cpAdn-bp--Xn\p tbmKy\pw BsWv Rm Icp-Xp-p.
tjm--as aln-am-tIp-Ibpw Xm AXn-\-h- Im-in-bmkw_w C{]-Imcw \Nn-tI-X-ns \njvm-a-`m-hw- sWv Adn-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-tm \Nn-tI-X-ns a\- -am-bn.
sImv Ch ]c-am-m-hns XXz-m-\-n\v bYm- n ]c-am--X-Xz-a-dn-bm-\p Xmcyw Dev]
amb Ah-Im-in-bm-sWp ba-cm-P \n-bn-p-p. AXn- AtXm-Sp-IqSn ba-cm-P Xs {]iw-kn-p--Xp-IqSn tI\m Ahs Ax-Ic
- -W-n ]c-{_--]p-cp-tjm-- tm AXyw ktm-N-tm-Sp-IqSn tNmZnp
as XXz-s-n Pnmk hfp--Xn\v C\n-bp
14. A\y{X [m-Z-\y-{Xm-[m-Z-\y
cp a{--fn-embn ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns aln-asb
-{Xm-kvam-X vIr-X m-I r-XmXv
hn-p-p.

12. Xw ZpZiw KqV-a-\p-{]-hnjvSw

Kplm-lnXw Klz-tcjvTw ]pcmWw
Aym--tbm-Km[n Kta\ tZhw
aXzm [otcm lj-timIu Plm-Xn.
Cu kq PKv AXyw Zp-ahpw Kl-\h
- pamb Hcp h\- n\p kZr-i-am-Ip-p. Fm Cu ]c- {_
]c-ta-iz-c ]cn-] q-\ m-I p-p. AXv Ch-bn-semw
k{X {]hn-jT
v -am-bn-cn-p-p. AXv Fm-h-cp-tSbpw lrZb-am-Ip Kpl-bn nXn-sN-p-p. C{]-Imcw \nXyhpw
Hn-n-cp-npw Bfp-Ip kzm`m-hn-I-ambn Adn-bp-hm
Ign-bp-n: Fp-sIm-s-m AXp kzw tbmK-amb-bpsS hmp-I-fn Hfn-n-cn-p-p. AXyw Kp]vXam-bn-cn-p-p. AXns Zi\w AXyw Zpe-`a
- m-Ip-p.
bmsXmcp ip-_pn k--\mb km[-I, Xs a\-nt\bpw _pn-tbbpw \nXyhpw \nc-- chpw AXns Nnbn a-am-p-pthm Ah\v B k\m-X-\-ssZ-hs
{]m]np kZm-Imew lj- tim-I-c-ln-X-\m-bn-o- cm km[npw. Ahs Ax-Ic
- -W-n \npw lj-tim-ImZn
hnImc kaqew \in-p-t]m-Ip-p.

13. GX-rXzm k-cn-Krly aXyx

{]hrly [y-a-Wp-ta-X-am]y
k tamZtX tamZ\obw ln e_v[zm
hnhrXw kZva \Nn-tI-Xkw at\y.

A\y{X `qXm `hym b-Xv]-iykn XZz-Z.

\Nn-tI-Xv tNmZnp: `K-h, Av Fn {]k-\m-bn-cn-pp Fn A[ kw_- - c-ln-Xhpw ImcyIm-c-W{- ]-Ir-Xn-bn\npw hyXy-kvX-ambpw `qXw. ham-\w, `mhn Ch-sb-m-n\npw `nhpw Bbn Adn-n-cn-p ]c-am--X-Xzs F\n-p-]t- Z-in tXcW-ta.

15. kt thZm bXv ]Z-am-a-\n

X]mwkn kmWn N bZv hZn
bZn-tm {_-Ncyw Ncn
Xt ]Zw kw{K-tlW {_ho-taym-an-tXy-X-Xv.
ba-cm-P ChnsS ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--as\ ]c-a{]m]yw Fp ]d-p-sImp AXns hmN-Ia
- mb Hmw
Imcs kzcq-]-ambn D]-tZ-in-p-p. Atlw ]d-bp-p,
ka-kvX-th-Z-fpw \m\m-{]-Im-c-n-ep O-p-Is
- fsmp bmsXm-ns\ {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-pthm kq
X]w apX-emb km[-\-I-fpsS GI-am-{Xhpw ]c-a-hp-amb
eyw GsXm-mtWm GXns\ {]m]n-p--Xn-\p-th-nbp C- bm km[-I \njvm-a-]qw {_-N-cys
A\p- jvTn-p- pthm B ]pcp-tjm-a `K-hms ]c- a- XXzw
Rm \n\p kwt-]-ambn D]-tZ-in- pp; AXm-Ipp
Hmw F Cu GIm--cw.

kw_w \ma-c-ln-X-\m-sW- nepw ]c-am-mhv At\Iw

t]cp-If
- m hnfn--s-Sp-p. At-l-ns Fm t]cpCu Aym hnj-b-I-amb [tm-]-tZ-is BZy- I-fnepw Hmw k-t{ijvTw Fp KWn--s-Sp-p. AXnambn A\p- `- h- m-\-ap alm- ]p-cp- j- m-cn\npw {im- \m ChnsS \ma-n-tbpw \man- bp-tSbpw At`Zs ]cn-

50

I K-Wnv "{]Wh's ]c-{ _ ]pcp-tjm- -a s

AXns \nXy-X-tbbpw hn-n-cn-p-p. Fp-sIm-sm\p hn-p-sImp ba-cm-P ]d-bpp

m, km[-I\v Xs \nXy-X-bp-sSbpw \nn-Im-c-X-bptSbpw A\p-`hw Dm-Ip-n-tbm AXp- t]mse Xs ico16. GX-ty-hm-cw {_ GX-ty-hm
cm-ZnIfmb A\y-h-kvXp--fn \npw `n-ambn Icp-Xm-cw ]cw
Xn-cn-p--Xp-hsc Cu A\n-Xy-h-kvXp--tfmSp sshcm-KyGX-ty-hm-cw mXzm tbm
ap- mbn Ahs Ax-I-c-W- n \nXy-X-Xz-ns A`nbZn--Xn-X-ky-XX
- v.
emjw D-hn-p-n-. Pohm-mhp \nXy-tN-X\m m\
Cu Ahn-\m-in- bmb {]Whw HmwImcw Xs- bm-Ip-p. kzcq-]-am-Ip-p. A\n-Xyhpw hn\m-in-bp-amb PUicoc(]-c-am-m-hns kzcq-]w). {_hpw AXp-X-s- bm-Ip-p. pw t`mKpw hmkvX -h - n CXp-a mbn
AXm-bXv B {_-n-tbpw ]c-{_--n-tbpw \maw bmsXmcp kw_--hp-an-spap ZrV-amb A\p-`qXn
- w. CXv A\m-Znbpw A\--hp-am-Ip-p.
HmwIm-c-sa-p-X-s- bm- Ip- p. AXn-\m Cu XXzs {Kln- Ah-\p-m-IW
nv km[-I\v CXp-hg- n-bmbn cnq-Snbpw GsX-nepw bmsXmcp Imcy- Im-c-W-fpw CXn- \n-. AXn-\m CXp P\\-acW cln-Xhpw kZm GIhpw kYm \nn-Im-chpw
A`o-jvS-cq-]s {]m]n-p-hm Ign-bp-p.
BIp-p. ico-c-ns \miw-sImv CXn\p \miw kw`17. GX-Zm-ew-_\w t{ijvT-ta-XZ- m-ew-_\w ]cw
hn-p-n-. CXv acn-p-sapw acn-n-p-sapw BscGX-Zm-ew-_\w mXzm {_-temtI
nepw Icp-Xp--h-cp-s- n Ah hmkvX-h-n Balo-btX
kz-cq-]s Adn-bp-n-. Ah kYm {`a-n Ign]c-am {]m]vXn-p-thn kzoI-cn-p ]e-co-Xn-bn- p-Iq-Sp-p. Ah ]d-bp-Xv Bcpw {in- t Bhep Bew-_-\--fn ]c-a-t{i-jT
v hpw ]c-am-h-ew-_hpw iy-an- . bYm-n Bmhv Bscbpw sImp-p-an;
Cu HmwImcw Xs- bm-Ip-p. CX-msX ap bmsXm-c-h-ew- Bpw AXns\ sImp-hm\pw km[n-p-n-.
_-\hpw C. AXm-bXp ]c-am-m-hns t{ijvT-amb \makm[-I\p icoc-n-tbpw t`mK--fp-tSbpw A\n-Xys- s icWw {]m]n- pI FXv A Xns X-tbbpw Xs Bm-hns \nXy-X-tbbpw Nnn-nv Cu
{]m]vXnp ktm- -ahpw Atam-L-hp-amb km[-\-bm- A\nXy t`mK--fn-ep kpJ-ns Bi-bs XyPnIp-p. Cu cl-kys {Kln-np bmsXmcp km[-I v, kZm Xtm-Sp-IqSn hkn-p \nXy-kpJ kzcq-]-\mb
`nbpw t{]ahpw CXn An-p-pthm Ah Xo- ]c-{_--]p-cp-tjm--as\ {]m]n-p--Xn\v A`n-em-j-ap-bmbpw ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p-p.
h-\m- bn-o-c -Ww.

kw_w C{]-Imcw HmwIm-cs {_w, ]c-{_-w

Ch cn-tbpw {]Xo-I-ambn ]d-n-v, \Nn-tI-X- ns
{]iv\-n-\-\p-k-c-W-ambn ba-cm-P Bm-hns kzcq]s hn-pp:

18. \ PmbtX {anbtX hm hn]-n

mbw IpX-n _`qh InXv
AtPm \nXy: imiztXmbw ]pcmtWm
\ l\ytX l\y-amt\ ico-tc.
\nXy-m-\-cq-]-amb Bmhp acn-p-Itbm P\n-pItbm sNp-n-, AXp kzbw Hn \npm-btXm
Hn\p Imc-Wtam A. AXm-bXv AXv Hns Imcy-Imc-W-am-Ip-n-. AXv AP-mhpw \nXyhpw kZm GI-c-kap-Xpw ]pcm-X-\-hp-am-Ip-p. AXp hrn--b-cl
- n-X-hpam-Ip- p. ico-c- n\p \mi- ap-m-bmepw Ah\p \mi- ap-mIp-n-.

19. lm tN-\ytX lpw

lX-t-\
- ytX lXw
D`u Xu \ hnPm-\otXm \mbw ln
\ l\y-tX.
ba-cm-P ChnsS Bm-hns ip-kz-cq-]t- bpw

kw_w C{]-Imcw B- X-Xz-ns h\ hgn \NntI-X-ns Ax-Ic

- -W-n ]c-{_--]p-cp-tjm--as
XXz-s- -n- bp Pnm-k-bp- Wn- bnp ba-cm-P ]cam-m-hns kzcq-]s hn-p-p.

20. AtWm-cW
- o-bm--ltXm alo-bm
\mmky Ptm\n-lntXm Kplm-bmw.
Xa-{IXp: ]iyXn hoX-timtIm
[mXp-{]-km-Zm lnam-\-am-\mx
CXn\p ap]p-Xs Pohmmhns ip-amb kzcq]s hn-n- p- v. Cu a{-n AXn\p "Pp' Fp
t]cp sImSp-nv AXns hrm-h
sb hy-am-n-bncn-p-p. AXm-bXv ]c- {_--]p-cp-tjm-- a B Pohm-mhns AXyw \nI-S-h-bmbn nXn-sN-p-s-nepw
AXns t\tc Hcn- t]mepw ZrjvSn-bp-bn {inm-dn-. AXv taml--fn apgpIn Fmw adp Ign-bpp. Cu ImcWw sImp-Xs "Pp' a\p-jy-i-cocw e`nnpw IoS ]Xw-K--fmb Xp-{]m-WnIsftmse Xs
Zpe-` -amb Pohn-Xw-hy-a mbn \in-np If-bp- p.
bmsXmcp km[-I ]qtm--amb hnth-N-\a\pk-cnv
kzbw \nXy-tN-X-\m- kz-cq]w Fp IcpXn Fm {]Im-c-nep-ap t`mKm-`n-em-j--fn \np cln-X- \mbpw timI-c-

51

I ln-X-\mbpw Xocp-pthm Ah ]c-am Ir]-bm ]c-

Hcn-epw bmsXmcp Imc-W-h- imepw tei-am-{X-am-bn-tmepw

{_ ]pcp-tjm--a AWp-hn AWphpw al-n timIw {]I-Sn-n-p-n-. CXp Xs- bmWv A-s\-bp
alpw k-hym-]nbpw BsW-p ]c-{_-- a-ln-asb Bfns e-Ww.
{Kln-nv kmm-Xvmcw {]m]n-p-p-shv A\p-`h
- n-kw_w C\n B ]c-am-m- hns\ kzw ]pcp- jmwdn-bp-p. ChnsS "[mXp {]km-ZmXv' F-Xns Aw
sImv Bcpw {]m]n-p-n- . adnv AXv Bsc kzoI-cnp"]c-ta-iz-cs Ir]' Fpw "[mXp' F hmn-\w
pthm Ah\p am{Xw e`n-p-p. AXn-s\-n ]d-bpp
"km-[mc ]c-am-mhv' Fpw AwKo-Ic
- n-p-p.

21. Bkot\m Zpcw {hPXn

ibmt\m bmXn khX:!
IkvXw aZm-aZw tZhw
aZt\ym mXp-al-Xn.
]c-{_ ]c-am-mhv ANny inbpw hncp--[m{i-bnbpw BIp-p. Htc kabw Xs At-l-n
hncp [--fpsS eoe-I kw`-hn-p-tam. AXn-\m
Atlw Htc ka-bv kqvam kqvahpw al-n
alpw Bbn Adn-b-s-Sp-p. B ]c- ta-iz-c Xs \nXy
]ca [ma-n hncm-Pn-p-sImv `m-[n-\-\mbn `-mcpsS hnfn-tIv _lp-Zqcw k-cn-p-p. ]ca [ma-n
A[n-h-kn-p ]mj-Z-`--m-cpsS ZrjvSn-bn Atlw
ibn-p-sImv Fm Znp-I-fnepw k-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-pp. As-n B ]c-am-mhv kZm k{X nXnsN-p-p. Ccn-p-n-S-pw, Zqsc t]mbm Ahn-S-bpw,
Dd-p-tm Ahn-sSbpw At-lw-D-v. At-l-ns
k-hym-]-IX CXm-Ip-p. Atlw k{X Fm-cq-]-fnepw \nXyhpw Xt-Xmb aln-a-bnepw nXn-sN-p-p.
C{]-Imcw Aeu-In-I- ]-c- ssa- iz- cy-kz-cq-]-\m-bn-cp- npw Atl-n\p Xs sFiz-cy-n teiw-t]mepw Almc-an. B ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Adn-bp--Xn-\p Ah-Imiw (B-X-Xz- - \mb ba- cm- P\p Xpeyw) F\n--msX ammWp
km[n-p--Xv.
kw_w C\n C{]-Im-c-ap B ]c-ta-iz-cs alnasb Adn-bn-p ]pcp-js\ Xncn-d- n-bp Imcyw ]dbpp

22. Ai-cocw ico-tcjp

A\-h tjzh- nXw
almw hn`p-am-m\w
aXzm [otcm \ timN-Xn.

23. \mb-amm {]h-Nt- \\ et`ym

\ta-[bm \ _lp\m {iptX\!
bta-sshj, hrWptX tX\ e`y
kvXsskyj Bm hnhr-WptX X\qw-kzmw.
Rm GsXmcp ]c-ta-iz-c-s\-n hn-p-I-gn-n-cnp-p-thm, At-l-s, imkv{X- ]Tn-nv at\m-l-c-fmb `mj-W--fn ]am--X-Xz-ns \m\m{]Im-c-fn-ep h-\-I \S-p--ht\m X-io-e-m-cmb
_pn-Po-hn-Itm _pn-am-\m-sW-p Al-mc {]a-X-bn \np`q-X-amb Xw apJm-ncw hnth-Nn-nv
At-ls {]m]n-p--Xn\p {ian-p--ht\m ]c-am-mhns\ kw_-np hf-sc-b-[nIw tIn-p--ht\m {]m]np-hm km[n-p--X-. bmsXm-cp-s\ Atlw kzbw
kzoI-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cp-\v At-l-s- n DS-amb A`n-\n-th-i- aptm bmsXm-cp-\v At-l-s-qSmsX Pohn-p-hm km[n-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cp Xs _pn-i-n-bnepw km[-\-I-fnepw B{i-bwsh-bvmsX At-l-ns Ir]sb am{Xw {]Xo-n-psIm-n-cn-p-pthm C{]-Imcw Ir]m-\n`-c-m-cmb km[I-m-cp-sS-ta ]c-am-mhv Ir] ImWn-p-Ibpw tbmK-amb-bpsS ad amn-bnv Ahs apn kz-cq]w {]I-S-amn-m-Wn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
kw_w C\n ]c-am {]m]vXn Bp-m-Ipp
Fp ]d-bpp

24. \mhn-ctXm Zp-cn-Xm

mimtm \mk-am-lnX:
\mim am\tkm hm]n
{]m-t\-s s\-\-am- ]v\p-b mXv

hymJym\w bmsXm- cp- Zpcm-N-c-W- - fn hnc- -\mbn

Ahsb ]cn-Xy-Pn-p-n-tbm bmsXm-cp-s a\v ]cam-m-hns\ Dt]-nv Zn\-cm-{X--fn t`mK-kp-J--fn
Pohn-I-fpsS icocw A\n-Xyhpw hn\mi kz`m-h-tm- Ae-p-Xn-cn-bp-pthm ]c-am-m-hn hnizm-k-an-msX
Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw BIp-p. AXn\v {]Xn-Ww ]cn-h\w bmsXm- cp- kZm Aim--\mbn Pohn-p-pthm bmsXmkw`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-pw. AXn-semw ka-`m-h-tm-Sp-IqSn cp-s a\-,v _pn, C{n-b- Ch \nb-{W hnt[nXn-sN-p ]c- {_- - ]p- cp- tjm--a Cu ico- c- -fm b-am-bn- cn-p-n- tbm A-s\-bp a\p- jy kqva- _pkhYm cln-X\pw Ai-co-c\pw BIp-p. Cu ImcWw n-tbm-S p-IqSn B-h n-N mcw sNbvX p-s Im- n-c p-m
sImp- Xs Atlw \nXy\pw AN- e-\p- am- Ip- p. {]mIrX t]mepw ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p-hm km[n-p-n-.
tZi-Ime KpWm-ZnIfm A]-cn-n--\mb B alm\pw Fp-sIm-s-m Ah ]c-am-m-hns Ako-a-amb
k-hym-]nbpw Fm-n-tbpw B kzcq-]-hp-amb ]c- BZ-c-hn\p ]m{X-am-bn-o-cp-n; AXns\ Ah-tl-fn-pta-iz- cs\ Adn-- Xn- \p- tijw m\n- bmb alm-]p-cp- j sImp Pohn-p-p. AXn-\m Ah ]c-am-m-hns

52

I Ir]n-bv-h-Im-in-bmbnocp-n-.

Ombm-X]u {_-hntZm hZn

]m-tbm tb N {XnWm-Nn-tIXmx

kw_w ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs XXz-sf {ihn-npw

_pn-bp- ]- tbm-Knp a\\w sNbvXnpw a\p-jy\v AXp {Klnba-cm-P ChnsS Pohm-m-hn-tbpw ]c-am-m-hn-tp-hm Fp-sImp km[n-p-n? AtX-kw- _-np bpw. \nXy-kw-_-s ]cn-N-bs
- -Sp-n-smp ]dbpp {_-th-m--fmb alm-m-\n-Ifpw bm-Zn]d-bpp
aw-K-f-I- A\p-jvTn-p BkvXn-I-a-lm-P-\-fpw
25. bky {_ N {Xw N
Fm-hcpw Htc kzc- n ]d-bp-p. ""Cu a\p-jy-i-cocw
Dt` `hX HmZ\:
hfsc Zp-`-amb Hm- W.v ]q-P-mn- X-amb At\Iw
arXypb- tkym-]-tk-N\w
]pWy-I- \nan--ambn ]c-a-Ir-]m-ep-hmb ]c-ammhp Ir]m-]-c-hi
- -\mbn Pohn-Iv Ah-bpsS awK- f-kI Cm thZ b{X k.
m- Z-\-n-\mbn Cu t{ijvT-amb ico-cs {]Zm\w sNpa\p-j y-i -c o-c --f n [-k z-`m-h -ap {_m-W Ibpw ]ns Cu Pohm-m-hn-t\m-sSm-p-Xs kzbw
tbpw [-c- m-kz-`m-h-ap {Xn-b-tbpw ico-c-
AXns Xs lrZ-bm- `m- Kv ]c- {_--ns \nhm]c- am-m-hns {]m]vXn-p-thn AXy-[nIw Daw Fp
k-cq-]-amb t{ijvT-m-\v A-cym-an-bmbn {]Xn-jT
v nIcp-Xp-p. Fm Ahbpw B Ime-kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-ta- X-am-bn-cn-p-I-bpw, sN-pp. am{X-a-, Ah cpw AhnsS
iz-c\p t`mP-\-am-bn-o-cp-p. ]ns ap km[m-cW a\p- Htm-sSm-nv kXys ]m\w sNp-p. ip`-Ijy-i-co-c--fpsS IY Fm-bn-cnpw? Fm-n-t\bpw m-h-iy-amb kXv ^es A\p-`-hn-p-Ibpw sNpkwl-cn-p arXyp-tZ-ht]mepw B ]c-ta-iz-cs t`mP- p. Xo-bmbpw cn-tbpw A\p-`-h--fn hep-Xmb
\-tm-Sp-IqSn tN-s-Sp Nv\nbpw ]--dn-Ifpw Acw Dv. (]-c-am-mhv Akw-Khpw At`m-mhpw
t]mse-bm-Ip-p. Cs\ {_mW {Xn-bmZn kakvX BIp-p.) Hmtcm Pohn-bp-tSbpw lrZ-b
- n hkn-pPohn-I-fp-tSbpw kzbw arXyp-hn-tbpw kwlm-c-I\pw sImv AXns ip`-I--fpsS ^ew A\p-`-hn-p-Xv
B{i-b-Zm-Xmhpw Bb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ GsX-nepw a\p-jy\v AP-m-hm-bn-cp-npw Pw kzoI-cn-p--Xp-t]m-se-bp
Cu A\nXy a\-v, _pn, C{n-b
- hgn-bmbn AXy- At-l-ns eoem-hn-emkw am{X-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m
t-b-h-kvXp--tf-tmse Fs\ Xncn-d- n-bp-hm Ign- Atlw Bkz-Zn-p-p-s- nepw hmkvX- h
- n Bkzbp-p. AJn-et- bpw Adn-bp--hs\ Xncn-d- n-bp--Xn- Zn-p-n-. As-n, Hp-IqSn ]d-m ]c-am-mhp
\p kmayw Bpv? AXm-bXv (]qtm--amb kXys ]m\w sNn-p-p. ip`-I--fpsS ^ew
23-mw a{-a-\p-k-cn-v) ]c-am-mhv Bsc Xs Ir]m-]m-{X- A\p-`-hn-n-p-p. Pohm-mhp ]m\w sNp-p. Fm
amn kzX-X z- {Kln-n- p-hm-\ m-{K-l n-p- pthm ^e-t`mK ka-bp Pohm-mhv Ak-MK
v -am-bn-cn-p-n-.
Ah\p am{Xta At-ls Adn-bp-hm km[n-p-I-bp- AXv Al-m-c- tm-Sp-IqSn kpJs D]-t`mKw sNp-p.
q. GsX- nepw kzw in-s Imv At-l s C{]-Imcw Hn-n-cp-n- p-IqSn Pohm-mhpw ]c-am-mhpw
bYm-cq-]-n lrZn--am-p-hm km[y-a; Fp- shbnepw \ng-epw-t]mse ]c-kv]cw `n-am-bn-cn-p-p.
sIm-s-m Atlw euIn-IPvtRb hkvXp--sf- Pohm-mhp \ngt]mse Aev] {]Im-i-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn- bXpw
tmse _pnbp]tbm-Knp Xncn--dn-bp--Xn Fp-s]- Aev]-hpw BIp-p. ]c-am-mhp shbnt]mse
Sp- -Xm-bn-cn-p-n-.
]q-{]-Im-i-bp-hpw k-bpw BIp-p. \ng-en
kw_w cmw `mK-n Pohm-m-hn-tbpw ]c-am- ImWp Aev]-{]-Imiw F{]-Imcw ]q-{]- Im-i- cq-]- amb
Xvam-hn-tbpw kzcq-]-sf {]tXyIw {]tXyIw hn-p- shbn-en-t-Xm-bn-cn-p-pthm AXp-t]mse Pohm-m-hn
Ibpw AXp {Kln-np {_s {]m]n-p--Xp-sImp \ne-\np Aev]-m\w t]mepw ]c-am-m-hn-tXp
kn-am-Ip ^e-s-n ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. Xs-bm-Ip-p.
Npcp--n bmsXm-cp-s\ ]c-am-mhp kzoI-cn-ppthm Ah\p am{Xta At-ls Adn-bp-hm Ign-bpp-q. Fm ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p- -Xn-\p km[\-Isf AXn kv]jvS-ambn hnh-cn-n-n-. AXn-\m km[\-Isf hni-Zo-Ic
- n-p--Xn-\p-thn aqmw `mKw Bcw-`np-sImv ba-cm-P BZy a{-n Pohm-m-hn-tbpw
]c-am-m-hn-tbpw \nXy-kw-_-hpw \nhm-k-m-\hpw
]d- n-cn-p- p.

1. EXw ]n_u kpIr-Xky temtI

Kplmw {]hnjvSu ]cta ]cmt

Cu clkyw {Kln-n-v, a\p-jy X-fp-tS-Xmb inbn Hcp {]Im-c-nepw Al--cn-msX A-cym-ao-cq-]n kZm X-fpsS lrZ-b-- fn \nh-kn-p- p. ]cam-ob ]ca Ir]m-ep-hmb ]c-am-m-hns\ \nXyhpw \nc- chpw Nnn-p-sImp Ign-b-Ww.
kw_w ]c-am-m-hns\ {Kln-p--Xn\pw {]m]n-p-Xn-\p ktm--a-amb km[\ ""At-ls {Klnp--Xn\pw {]m]n-p--Xn-\p-ap in {]Zm\w sNtWta'' Fv At-lt- mSp {]mn-pI am{X-am-Ip-p.
Cu kwKXn ba-cm-P kzbw {]mn-p-sImp hyam-p-p.

53

2. bx tkXp-co-Pm-\m-\m-a-cw {_ bXv ]cw

A`bw XnXojXmw ]mcw \mNn-tIXw
itI-a-ln.
ba-cm-P ]d-bp-p. ""Atbm ]c-am-m-th, Rv
\njvm-a-`m-h-tm-Sp-IqSn bm-Zn-ip` I- \S-p-Xn-\p hn[n-I \mbn {Kln-p--Xn\pw A- bpsS
Bm- ]m- e-\mw Ahsb A\p- jvTnv A-bpsS {]kX {]m]n-p--Xn\pw AXn{]-Imcw bmsXmp kwkmc-km-Kc
- -ns A-sc-sb-p--Xn\v Cm-ep-hmb hnc-]p- cp-j-mp thn-bp \n`-b-]- Z-am-Ip-pthm B
]c-ahpw Ahn-\m-in-bp-amb Am-Ip ]c-{_--]p-cp-tjm-a-`-K- hms\ Adn-bp--Xn\pw {]m]n-p--Xn\pw tbmKyam-Ip--Xn-\p Ignhpw kmayhpw Zm\w sN-tW.''
Cu a{- n ba-cm-P ]c-am-m-hn-t\mSv Atls {]m]n-p--Xn-\p in {]Zm\w sNp--Xn-\pth-n, ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--as\ Adn-bp--Xn\pw {]m]np--Xn-\p-ap Ghpw D-ahpw kc-f-hp-amb km[-\bvp-thn At-l-tmSp {]mn-p-I-bm-W.v
kw_w C\n B ]c-{_--]p-cp-tjm--as ]c-a-[m-an GsXmw ]c-a-km-[-Im-k---mp {]th-in-phm Ignbpw? Cu Imcyw cYhpw cYnbpw F cq]Iw
hgn-bmbn hy-am-pp

3. Bm\w cYn\w hnn icocw cY-tah Xp

_pnw Xp kmcYnw hnn a\x
{]{K-l-tah N.

]c-am-m-hns [ma-n Fn-t-cWw Fp \ntihpw \In-bn-cn-p-p.

Pohm-mhv C{]- Imcw sNp- I- bm- sW-n AXn-io{Lw

]c-am-m-hn- Fn-t-cpw. Fm AXp kzw ]cam-\--a-b-`K
- -h-X{v ]m]vXn kzcq-]-amb Cu eys tamlh-i m ad-p-t]m-Ip-p. AXp _pn-p t{]cW
\np--Xp-Im-cWw _pn-cq-]n-bm-Ip kmcYn A{i-\m-bn-o-cp-p. AXp a\-m-Ip ISn-m-Wns\ C{nb-am-Ip ZpjvSm-iz--fpsS Cm-\p-k-cWw hnp-sIm-Sp-pp. X]-cn-Wmaw Pohm-mhp hnj-b{- ]-h-W-amb C{nb--fpsS A[o-\-am-bn-v, kwkmc N{I-n hogn-p
euIn-I-i- _vZ-k]
v imZn hnj-b-kp-J--fn Ae-bp-hm
XpS-p-p. AXm-bXv `K-hXv {]m]vXn-p-thn D]-I-cn-s- tS ico- cw, a\-v, C{nbw Ch-bpsS kl-I-c-W-tmSp-IqsS hnj-bh
- n-j
- -fpsS D]-t`m-K--fn apgp-In--gnbp-p.
kw_w ]c-am-m-hn--tebvp t]mImsX AXns
C{n-b- euInI hnj-b--fn-tev Fp-sImp Xncnbpp Fp--Xns\ hnh-cn-pp

5. bkvXz-hn-m-\h
- m `h-X y-bp-t\
a\km kZm
Xtky-{n-bm-Wy-h -iym\n ZpjvSmizm
Ch kmctY:

cYs Aiz-Xs \bn-p-p. Fm B

IpXn-c-Isf Ftm-smw \bn-Ww? AsXmw ISnm ]nSn-n-cn-p _pn-am-\mb kmc-Yn-bpsS tPmenbm-Ip-p. C{n-b-cq-]n-Ifpw Icp--mcpw Zp[j-m-cp4. C{n-bmWn lbm-\m-lphn-jbmw
amb IpXn-c-I kzm`m-hn- I-am-bn-s B]m-X-c-a-Wo- b-kvtXjp tKmN-cm
fmb hnj-b
- -fm \nd-b-s kwkm-cc
- q-]-am-Ip ]Bt-{n-b-a-t\m-bpw t`mt-Xym
ph\

ns
t\sc
IpXn
p]
mb
ph
m
CjvS-s-Sp-p.
-l pa-\o-j nW:
Fm _pn-bm-Ip kmcYn a\-m-Ip ISn-m
Pohm-mhv ]c-am-m-hn \npw ths]-n-cn-p-p. in-bmbn hen-nv B IpXn-c-Isf Xs \nb-{- W-nA\--Im-e-ambn AXv A\-h-cXw kwkm-c-cq-]a
- m-Ip \-[o-\m-p-I-bm-sW-n ]noSp IpXn-c-Ip a\-mtLmc-h-\
- n Anp kpJs At\z-jnv Ae- Ip ISn- m- Wns klm-b-tm- Sp- IqSn Nnn- msX Hcp
p-Xn-cn-bp-p. kpJ-sap IcpXn FhnsS sNp-pthm `mK-tbvp t]mIp-hm km[n-p-n-. a\ C{n-b-Ahn-sS-sbmw h]n coXn-bn hn--s-Sp-p. ]ca fp-ambn kl-I-cn-p-tm am{Xta AXn\v hnj-b-kp-J-{KkpJ-kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-am-m-hns kao]w Ah-s\-m-n- l- W- n\v km[n- -bpp; CXv Fm-hpw Adn-bm-hp
S-tmfw Imew kpJhpw imnbpw Hcn-epw e`y-am-Ip- kwK-Xn-bm-W.v ISn-m-Wns klmbw e`n-p Znnn- . Cu Zb-\o-bm-h Ip Zbm-a-b-\mb ]c-am-mhv tebvp IpXnc ]mp- sIm-n-cn-p-p. Fm Cu ISnAh\p am\-h-i-coc cq]-am-Ip kp-chpw k-km-[\m m icnp \nb-{np sImn-cn-t-Xv kmc-Ynk--hp-amb cYw sImSp- n- cn-p-p. C{nb cq]n-I-fmb bpsS XovW_p-nsb B{i-bn-n-cn-p-p. _pn-cq-]ni-m-cmb Aiz- -tfbpw sImSp-n-cn-p-p. Ahs bm-Ip kmcYn hnth-I-bp--ambn kzman-bpsS Bma\-m-Ip kmc-Yn-bpsS ssIhiw Gev]n-p-sIm-Sp-p- \p-hn-bmbn eyn-tebvp nchpw Dd-p-Xpw
Ibpw Pohm-m-hns\ B cY-n {]Xn-jT
v nv AXns m\ k-hpw C{n-b-cq-]n-bm-Ip IpXn-c-Isf \bnkzman-bm-n-bnv \nc-cw _pn-bpsS t{]c-Wb\pk-cnp p--Xn ka-\p-am-bn-cn-p-n-s-n \nm-sX,
]c-am- m- hn--te-m- \-bn-p `K-hms \maw, cq]w, eoe, ISn-m-Wns klm-b-tm-Sq-IpSn cYs apgp-h\pw
[maw apX-em-b-h-bpsS Io-\-{i-hWw a\\w apX-embn AXns kzm[o-\ - n-e m- p-I bpw kmc-Y n-b pssS
{]i-kX
v hpw kl-P-hp-amb am--fnqSn k-cnp cYs HmsI hen- p- sIm-p-t]mbn AKm-[- amb K-

54

I n-tebvp ]Xn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. _pn-bpsS \nb{-W - n \nm C{n-b - (A-{i- -\ mb

kmcYntbbpw ZpjvSmw-i--tfbpw t]mse) D-tcm-cw
AtX- {]-Imcw Xs Drw- J-ea- mbn s]mbvsm-n-cn-pw.

8. bkvXp hnm-\-hm `hXn

ka-\kvI: kZm ipNn:
k Xp XXv]-Z-am-]vt\mXn bkvamZv `qtbm
\ Pmb-tX.

kw_w C\n kzbw {im-ep-hmbn Xs _pnsb

CXn\p hn]-co-X-ambn Bdm- as a{-a-\p- k-cnv kzbw
hnth-I-io-e-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-p--Xp-sIm-p {]tbm-P- {im-ep-hmbn Xs _pnsb \nc-cw hnth-Ikz`mh\s hnh-cn-pp
tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-nbpw Xzmcm a\-ns\ \nb-{np
]hn{X `mh-n nc-s-Sp-nbpw C{n-b- amw
6. bkvXp hnm-\-hm `hXn
`K-hms B-b-\p-k-cnv ]hn-{X- I-sf \njvmbpt\ a\km kZm
a-` m-h -t m-S p-I qSn BN-c npw AXp-t]mse `K-h m\v
Xtky-{n-bmWn hiym\n kZizm
AWw sN-s t`mKsf; cmK-tZz-j-cl
- n-X-ambn
Ch kmctYx
\njvm-a-`m-h-tm-Sp-IqSn ico-c-c-\n-l-W-n-\ mbn
bmsXmcp Pohm-mhv Xs _pnsb hnth-I-k--- am{Xw D]-t`mKw sNbvXp-sImpw Ign-bp-pthm Ah
am- p- pthm bmsXm- ns _p n Xs e y- `K-hms ]c-a-[m-as {]m]n-p-p. ]no-sSm-cn-epw
ns AXyw {i-tbm-Sp-IqSn \nXyhpw \nc-- c- Ahn-sS-\npw Xncnp t]mtc--Xmbpw hcp-n-.
hp-amb ss\]p-Wy-tm-Sp-IqSn C{n-b-sf kmkw_w Fm-as a{- n ]d-b-s Imcy-sf
nqSn \bn- p--Xn\p a\- ns\ _m[y- - am-n- smhopw Hp-IqSn kv]jvS-hp-am-n-smp cY-ns
n-cn-p-pthm AXns a\pw ey-ns
cq]Iw D]-kw-l-cn-p-p.
tI{o-I-cn-n-cn-p-Ibpw Xzmcm AXns C{n-b
-
\n-bm-- Ia
- mb _pn--[o-\-ambn `K-h-w-_-n-bmb
9. hnm-\-km-c-YnbkvXp a\:-{]-{Khnj-b-tk- h-\-- fn, t{ijvTmiz- {im-ep-hmb kmcl-hm \cx
Yn-bpsS \nb-{-W-n AXns \nnjvT am-tkm[z\: ]mc-am-]vt\mXn XZzn-jvtWm:fnqSn \bn- p--Xp-t]m-se-Xs kwe--am-bn-o]-caw ]Zw.
cp-p.
XrXob a{w apX H]Xmw a{w hsc Ggp-a-{kw_w Am-as a{-a-\p-k-cnv Hcp-s -fn-embn cY-ns cq]-I-n Cu Imcyw hy-am_pnbpw a\pw hnth-Ihpw kwb-a-hpw-Iq-Sm-sX-bm-Ip- n-b n-c n- p- p. Cu AXn-Zp-` -a mb a\p-j y-i -c ocw
tm AXns Ah Fm-Ipp AXns\ hnh-cn- bmsXmcp Pohm-m-hn\p ]c-am-m-hns Ir]-bm e`yp-p.
amtbm AXns\ AXn-thKw Poh-mn `L-hXv {]m]vXnbpsS am-nqSn \bn--Ww. icocw A\n-Xy-am-Ip7. bkvXz-hn- m-\-hm `h-Xy-a-\kvIx
p. \nan-jw-tXmdpw AXp bn-p-sIm-n-cn-p- p. kzw
kZm-ipNn:
Pohn-X-nse Cu Aaqey ka-bs arK--sf-tmse
\ k XXv]-Z-am-]-t\mXn kwkmcw
tIhew kmwkm-cnI t`mK- A\p- `-hn- p--Xn- \p-thn
Nm[n-K--Xn.
\in-n--s-Sp-I-bm-sW-n ]noSp XpS-bmbn P\\
bmsXm-cp-s _pn kZm hnth-I-n\npw acW cq]-amb kwkm-c-N-{I-n AI-sp Id-p-I-hym-I-hy--fpsS m\-n\npw cln- Xn\p _my- -am-bn-o-cp-p. GsXmcp al-mb ImcyXhpw a\-ns\ \nb-{n-p--Xn Ak-a-hp-am-bn-cn- kn-n-p-thn Cu Zp-`-amb a\p-jy-i-cocw e`yam-bnp-pthm bmsXm-cp-s a\v \n{K- l-c- ln- X-hpw Akw- cn-p-pthm AXp ]q-am-bn-cn-p-n-. AXm-bXv a\pb-X-hpw, hnNmc ZpjnXfp-am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw AXp- jyp `K-hXv Ir]-bm e`y-am-bn-cn-p hnth-I-it]m-se-Xs C{n-b- \nc-cw Zpcm-Nm-c--fn apgp- nsb icn-bmb coXn-bn ssIImcyw sN-Ww. kwkmIn-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm A- s\-bp _pn-i-n- c-ns A\n-Xy-X-bp-tSbpw Cu B]m-X-c-a- Wo-b- amb hnjbn-m a\v C{n-b--fpsS kzm[o-\-h-e-b
- n- eI
- -s- b-Po-hn-X-kp-J--fp-tSbpw bYm-amb ZpxJ-kz-`m-hs
n-cn-p-p. Ahs PohnXw Hcn-epw ]hn-{X-ambnocp- a\-n-emn Ch-sb-n Nnnpw D]-t`mKfn \np
n-. AXn- \m Ah am\- h-i- co-c-tm-Sp- IqSn {]m]y-tbm- hnc--cmbpw Xoc-Ww. tIhew ico-c-ns \ne-\n-ev]nKy-amb ]c-a-]-Zs Hcn-epw {]m]n-p-n- . adnv Xs \m-h-iy-amb I- hy-I-sf \njvm-a-`m-h-tm-SpZpjv--fpsS ]cn-Wm-a-kz-cq-]a
- mb Cu kwkm-c-N-{I- IqSn `K-hms B Fp hnNm- cnv A\p-jvTn- p-sImv
n- eI
- -sv Ae-tb-- Xm-bn-hc
- p-p. IqI-c-iq-I-cmZn \oN- kz_p- n- bn At-l-ns \maw, cq]w, eoe, [maw XYm
tbm-\n-I-fn P\n-p-Ibpw acn-p-Ibpw sNt--Xmbn At-l-ns AeuInI in Assl-Xp-I-{Inb Chhcp-p.
bn ZrV-hn-izmkw kwPm-X-am-p-Ibpw k-`m-h--

55

I tfmSpw IqSn `K-hm-\ns tNn-cn-p-Ibpw thWw.

s-n- cn-p-p. Cu Imc-W--sfmw sImpw AXp-t]mse

Xs a\-ns\ `K-hms XXz-Nn-- I-fnepw hmWnsb At- {_-k q-{X- Im-cs kmwJy-a-Xm-\p-k -c Ww al-Xzhpw
l-ns KpW-h-\-I-fnepw t\{X-sf At-l- ns Ahy {]Ir-Xn-cq-]hpw F Ahpw kzoI-cn-m-XnZi-\-nepw I-sf At-l-ns aln-am-{i-h-W- cn-p--Xn\npw ChnsS almhn-ti-j-W-tm-Sp-IqSn
nepw hym]r-X-am--Ww. C{]-Imcw Fm C{n-b
- -fp- B-]Z- -ns Bibw Pohm-mhp Xs-bm-Ipp
tSbpw kw_w `K-hm-\p-ambn kwL-Sn-n--Ww. Pohn- Fpw AwKo-I-cn--Ww. CXn-\m a{- ns kmcmwiw
X-ns Hcp Ww t]mepw `K-hms a[p-c-kva-cW C{n-b-ns Aw (hn-j-bw) _e-hm Fm-Ip-p.
v m-c-ambn Xn-teIqSmsX \on-tm-Ip-hm A\p-h-Zn--cp-X.v CXn-s- Ah km[-Is C{n-b-sf _em-e
bm-Ipp a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-ns km-IX \ne-sIm-p- bvm-Ijn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. AXn-\m C{n-b-sf
- -fn\npw AIn \np-Xp km[-I\v DNn-Xv. C{]-Im-c-samw A\p-jvTnp Pohn-p ]pcp-j hnj-b
\n-b-ambpw ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--as ANny ]c-a-]- X-am-bn-cn-pw. hnj-b--fn a\v _e-hm-\m-Ip-p. hnjZs {]m]n-np kZm-Im-e-tmfw IrX-Ir-Xy-\m-bn-o- b--fn a\v A\m-k--am-sW-n C{n-bhpw hnjbhpw cn\pw km[-I\p bmsXmcp lm\nbpw kw`-hncp-p.
n-p-hm Ign-bp--X-. a\-n-t\-m _pn _e-h-mkw_w D]-cyp--amb h-\-I-fn cY-ns cq]Ip-p. AXn-\m _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knp Nnnv a\-ns\
I-n `K-h-X{v ]m-]vXn-p-th-n-bp km[-\-Isf \ntcmK tZzjc-ln-X- amn Xs \nb-{- W-n-em-n-oin-n-cn-p-p. B km[-\Ifn hnth-I-_p-n-tbm-Sp-IqSn
Ww. AXp-t]mse _pn-tb-m Ch-sb-m-n-tbpw
a\-ns\ \nb-{W hnt[-b-amn C{n-b-sf hn]-co-Xkzman-bmb alm "Bmhv' _e-hm-\m-Ip-p. AXns
am-n \npw AIn `K-hXv {]m]vXn-p am-B ]men-p--Xn\v Ch-sbmw _my--am-W.v AXnfn-tebvp \bn-t Imcyw hy-am-n-bn-cn-p-p.
\m a\p-jyv B-i-n-bpsS A\p-`-h-a-dnv AXpCXn asmcp {]iv\w D-hn-p-p. kzm`m-hn-I-ambn
h-gn-bmbn _pn apX- emb Fm-h-sbpw \nb-{-W-hn-t[ZpjvShpw _e-h-p-amb C{n-b-sf AXp-In-jSv -sb-am-n-o-Ww.
Xpw Ak-p-amb am--fn \npw F{]-Imcw amnhn-Smw. AXn-\m Cu Imcys XmXzn-I-ambn hnth-Nn-nv
11. alXx ]c-a-hy--a-hy-mXv ]pcpj: ]c:
C{n-b-sf Ak-m--fn \npw XSp `K-hm-\n]pcp-jm ]cw Inw Nnm ImjvTm km
tev Xncn-p-hn-Sp--Xn-\p D]m-b-sf \nt-in-p-p.

]cm KXm:

10. C{n-tb`yx ]cm lym At-`y

]cw a\:
a\-kkvXp ]cm _pn_p-t-cmm
alm]cx

Cu a{-n "Ahy' ]Zs `K-hms {XnKp-Wa-bn-bmb ssZhn-I-am-bm-i-n-p-thn {]bp--am-n-bncn-p- p. AXp-t]mse bmsXm- n-\m tamln- X- amb Poh
`K-hms\ Adn-bp-n-tbm AXp-X-s- bm-Ipp Pohm-mv p ad. Xm-cCu a{-n "]c' F hmIv {]tbmKw _e-hm hn-tbpw ]c-am-m-hntdbpw CS-b
Wws
Imp
Pohm
mh
n\p
kh
ym]nbpw A-cym-an-bpF-n-em-Ip-p. Cu Imcyw {]tXyIw a\-n-em-amb
]ct
ai
zc
s\
\nXyhpw
kao]

- \m- bn- cp- npw ImWpWw. Fp-sIm-s - m Imcy-I m-c -W -` m-h -tmtSm
hm\pw
{Kln
ph
m\pw
km[n
p
n
. CXn-s\-bmWv Cu
kqva-X-bpsS ZrjvSn-bntem C{n-b
- sf At]-np
i_vZmZn hnj-b
- sf t{ijvTw Fp ]d-bp-Xv bpn- {]I-c-W-n Pohm-m-hn-s\-m _e-hm-s\p ]d-bpbp--am-bn-cn-p-I-bn-. CXp-t]m-se-Xs "alm' F - Xv. Pohm-m-hn\p kzw in- sImv Cu ambsb amphnti-j-Wt- m-Sp-IqSn Bm F ]Zw Pohm-m-hns\ -Xn\p Ignbp-n-. `K-hms\ icWw {]m]n- pIgnm
Dt-in-p--Xm-Ipp; al-Xz- n-s-bm-Ip-n-. Pohm-mhv s At-l-ns Ir]m-_-e-m AXn\v CXn
Ch-s b- m- n-tbpw A[n-I m-c n-b m-I p- p. AXn-\m \npw Ic-I- b-dp- hm km[n-p-p. ChnsS "Ahy' ]Zw- psS "{][m-\-XXzw' kzoI-cnAXns\ kw_-nv "alm' F hnti-jWw kYm sImp kmwJy-a-Xm-h-ew-_n-If
W
s
a
n;
Fps
Ims

m Ah-cpsS A`n-{]m-bDNn-X-hp-am-Ip-p. B-X- Xz-ns Bi-b-n CXns

n
"{][m\w'
kzX{
a
mI
p
p. AXv Bm-hn-\p-]-cn-bm{]tbmKw Dm-Ip-Ib
- m-sW-n B-]-Z-{]-tbm-K- ns
bmsXm-cm-hi
- y-I-Xbpw Dm-Ip-am-bn-cp-n- . _pn-XXzw bn-cn-p-n-. AXp- t]mse Bm-hn\p t`mKhpw apnbpw
AXyw al-Xz-ap-X
- p-X-s. AXp asmcp Imcyw. XXz- cp-h-kvXp-fpw \In-b-Xns Xmcyw C{n-bhn-Nm-cm-hk
- -c-n CXn bmsXmcp t`Zhpw AwKo-I-cn- , a\-v, _pn Ch-sb-m-n-sbpw ta Bm-hn\v
-s-Sp-n-. CXp IqSmsX aptm-p-h-cp-tm \ntcm-[-\- A[n-Im-c-ap-s-m-Ip-p. AXn-\m AXp kzbw Ahsb
ns (Hcp XXzs asmn eo\-am-p-tm) hni- \nb-{nv `K-hm-\n-tebvv B\-bn-p-p. Fm Cu
Zo-Ic
- -W-ap-m-Ip-tm Ahn-sSbpw _pn-bpsS \ntcm- Bm-hn-s\-m _e-h-mb asmcp XXzw IqSn-bp-v.
[\w al-mb Bm-hn tNp--Xn-\p-thn ]d-b- AXns \ma-amWv "Ahy- -X'. Nne amb-sbpw hnh-

56

I n-p-p. CXn-t\mSp Poh-k-ap-Zmbw taml-_- -cmbn

CXns he-bn Ipcp-p-p. CXns\ amn--f-bp-hm
Pohn-Ip km[n-p-n-. AXn-\m CXn-s\-m _ehm-\mbn AXns kzman-bm-bn-cn-p-Xp ]c-a-]p-cp-j-\mb
]c-ta-iz-c-\m-Ip-p. Atlw _ew, {Inb, m\w BZnbmb Fm in-I-fp-tSbpw An-am-h[
- nbpw {][m-\m-[mchpw BWv. At- l- s- s icWw {]m]n- Ww. Atlw. Zbm-hm-\mbn Cu ambm-cq-]a
- m-Ip adsb kzbw
henp amp-tm AtX Ww Xs `K-hXv {]m]vXn-bpm-Ipw. Fsm Atlw kZm k{X nX-\mIp-p.

hntij-n Fn-t-c-Ww. XZ-\-cw kzbw ap\n-b-a-\p-k-cnp im-ambn B-cq-]-amb ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm-a-\n hneo-\- am-bn-o-cpw.
kw_w C{]-Imcw ]c-am--kz-cq-]s hn-nv
AXp-t]mse AXns\ {]m]n-p--Xp-sIm-p al-Xzhpw
km[-\bpw \nt-in-p. C\n {ipXn a\p-jysc {im-ep-fm-n-smv ]d-bpp

14. Dn-jvTX Pm{KX {]m]y hcm-n-t_m-[X

pcky [mcm \ninXm Zpc-Xybm Zpw
]YkvX XvIhtbm hZ-n.

kw_w Cu Bibw Xs ASp a{- n HpIqSn kv]jvS-am-p-p.

Atbm a\p-jy-tc, \n P- P- m- -c- -fmbn

Am\ \n{Z-bn ebn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Ctm ]cam- m-hns Ir]- bm \nv Cu Zp` a\p- jy-i-cocw
12. Gj ktjp `qtXjp KqtVmm
e`n-n-cn-p-p. CXp e`n-X
- p-sImv C\n Hcp \nanjw
\ {]Im-itX
t]mepw {]am-Z-n \jvS-s-Sp--cp-X.v AXn-thKw {imZriytX Xz{Kybm _pym kqvabm
ep--fm-bn-o-cp-hn. t{ijvT-m-cmb alm-]p-cp-j-m-cpsS
kqva Zin`n:
kao]w sNv Ah- cpsS D]-tZiw hgn-bmbn X-fpsS awKCu ]c-{_--]p-cp-tjm- -a`Khm Fm-n-t bpw f-amhpw ]c-am-m-hns\ kw_-n-p cl-ky-fpw
- m-Ipp;
A-cym-an-bm-Ip-p. AXn-\m Fm Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw lrZ- {Kln-p-sIm-p-I. ]c-am--XXzw hfsc Kl-\a
b--fn hncm-Pn-p-sIm-p-an-cn-p-p. Fm kzw AXns kzcq-]-m-\w, X {]m]vXn-p amw Ch
ambm-a-d-bn Hfn-n-cn-p-Xp ImcWw Bpw At- alm-m--fpsS klm-bw-sImpw ]c-am--Ir-]-sIm-p- psS [mcls Adn-bp-hm Ign-bp-n-. bmsXm-cp- `K-hm- a-msX km[n-p--Xv, XovW-amb ITm-cb
\n B{i-bnv Xs _pnsb XovW-am-p-pthm bnqSn \S-p--Xp-t]mse AXyw ZpkvX- c-am-Ip-p.
kqva-Zin-bmb Ah-\p-am{Xw `K-hXv Ir]-bm At- C{]-Imcw Zp-a-amb am--fnqSn kpK-a-ambn Ac-bs
v -p--Xn-\p kc-f-amb D]mbw kzbw A-scls Zin-p-hm Ign-bp-p.
sb-n--gn A\p-`-h
m-\n-I-fmb alm-m-p
kw_w hnth-I-io-e-cmb Bfp-I `K-h--cWcmbn
am{Xta ]d-p-X-cp-hm km[n--bp-q.
F{]-Imcw `K-hXv {]m]vXn-p-thn km[\ A\p-jvTnkw_w {_ {]m]vXn-p amw C{Xbvp ZpkvXWw CXp hnNm-cn-p-sImp ]d-bpp
c-am-b-sX- -p-sImv? Cu Pnm-km-]qnv ]c-am
13. bt-ZzmMv a\ko {]mkzcq-]s hn-p-sImv AXns\ {Kln-p--Xp-sImkvXZ- y-tPv m\ B\n
p ^es ]d-bp-p.

m\-am-\n alXn \nbtZy-m B\n

_pn-am-m BZy-am-bnv hmv apX-emb C{n-b-sf

_mly-hn-j-b--fn\npw ]nh-enp a\-nXs
HXp--Ww. AXm-bXv AXns\ bmsXmcp I-fpw
sNp-hm Ign-hn-m Ah--bn-em--Ww. a\-n
hnjbfpsS Apcw Dm-Im-Xn-cn--Ww. Cu km[\
icn-bmbn hcp-tm a\-ns\ m\-kz-cq-]-amb _pnbn hneo-\-am--Ww. AXm-bXv GI-am-{Xhpw hnm-\kz-cq-]hpw \n-bmXv aI-hp-am-b _pn-bpsS {]h-\ IqSmsX a\- ns `n- k amdp- n-. ap bmsXmcp
hn[-amb NnIpw CS-am-I-cp-Xv. ChnSw hsc ZrV-amb
A`ymkw sNbvXp-I-gn-bp-tm m\-kz-cq-]-amb _pnsbbpw Pohm-m-hns ip-amb kzcq-]-n hneo-\-amWw; AXm-bXv Xn\npw `n-am-bn, GI-am-{X-amb
B-X-Xz-an-msX ap bmsXmcp hkvXp-hnttbm kvarXnbp-tStbm IWnI-t]mepw Ahtijn-m Ah-m-

15. Ai-_vZ-a-kv] i-a-cq-] -a-h ybw

XYm-ckw \nXy-a-K--h bXv
A\m-Zy-\w alX: ]cw {[phw
\nNm Xr-Xyp-ap-JmXv {]ap-Ny-tX.
Cu a{-n B ]c-{_-]
- -c-am-m-hns\ {]mIr-X- i_vZ, kv]i, cq], ck, K-c-ln-X- s\p ]d-p-sImv
kmwkm-c n-I -hnjbsf {Kln- p C{n-b -v
AhnsS hsc Fp-hm Ign-bp-n-sp shfn-hm-p- p.
Atlw \nXy\pw Ahn-\m-inbpw A\m-Znbpw koam-c-lnX\pw BIp-p. Pohm-m-hnepw t{ijvThpw k-Ym-kXyhpw BIp-p. At-ls Adn-np a\pjy \nXyambn P\-\-a-c-W--fn\np tamN\w t\Sp-p.
kw_w D]-tZ-is ]qn-bm-n-bnv C\n Cu
BJym- \s {ihn-p-Xpw hn-p-Xpw sImp
amlm- ys ]d-bpp

57

16. \mNn-tI-X-ap-]m-Jym\w arXyp-t{]mw

k\m-X\w
Dzm {ipXzm N ta[mho {_-temtI
alo-b-tX.

k^-e-am-p--Xn-\p-thn Ah am-ambn \ho\ ip`I-sf A\p-jT

v n-p-hm\pw km[n-p-p. a\p-jy
C{n-b
- aqew kzmy-{]-Zhpw kp_p-n-Zm-b-Ihpw
hnip-hpw Bb hnj-b
- sf kzoI-cn-np kpJ-amb
PohnXw \bn-p-sImp ]c-am-m-hn--tebvv Fn-tCu Aym-b-n \Nn-tI-X-n\v ba-cm-P \Inb cp- -Xn-\p D]m-[n-bm-bnv C{n-b-sf \nn-n- cn-p- p.
D]- tZiw Hcp ]pXnb Imcy- sam- p-a-, CXp ]c--cm- K-X- amb AXn-\m kzbw-`q-hmb `K-hm C{n-b
- -fpsS apJw
k\m-X-\-amb D]m-Jym-\-am-Ip-p. _pn-bp a\p-jy shfn-bn-te-mbn LSn-n-n-cn-p-p. Fm hnthI
CXns\ hnpw {ihnpw {_-tem-I-n {]XnjvT iq\y-X-bm A[n-I- am-fpIfpw Cmcyw {Kln-msX hnjt\Sp- p.
bm-k - cpw D- -c p-a mbn B]mX ca-W o-b - -fmb
]cnWm-a--fn `K-hm-\n\npw AIv ZpxJ-tim-Ia
- b
17. b Caw ]caw Kplyw {imh-tbZv
\c-I--f n Fn- p- -h-bmb Aip- -h n-j bt`mK
{_-kw-kZn
{]bX: {im-Imte hm XZm-\-ymb Iev]-tX. fn Xs apgp-In--gn-bp-p. Ah A-cym-an-bmb
]c-am-m-hns t\v t\mp-n Xs. Npcpw Nne
XZm-\-ymb Iev]X CXn.
_pn-a m- m am{Xw kw-K w-s Impw kzmymbw
bmsXm-cp- hnip--\m-bnv {i-tbm-Sp-IqSn Cu ]c- sImpw `K-hXv Ir]-bm Aip--hn-jbt`mKfpsS
a-c-l-ky-amb {]`m-j-Ws XXz-hn-th-N-\m-]qw `K-hXv ]cn-Wm-a-Zpx-J-sf Adnv Aar-X- kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-am-mt{]an-Ifpw ip-lr-Zb
- -cp-amb {_m-W-cpsS kZ-n hns\ {]m]n-p--Xn-\p C-bm t{]cn-X- cmbn _mly
tIn-p-pthm AYhm {im-Im-e- -fn t`mP\w Ign- hnj-b-kpJfn\npw ]nn-cnv Ahsb `K-h-wp {_-Wsc tIn-p-pthm Ahs Cu h- _-n-bmb hnj-b--fn {]th-in-nv A-cm-m-hns\
\-cq-]-amb Iw A\--amb ^es {]Zm\w sNp-- A-cym-an-bm-b, ]c-am-am-m-hns\ Zin-p-p.
Xm-Ip-p. A\--am-Ip--Xn\p ka-hp-am-Ip-p. Hp2. ]cmN: Imam-\-\p-bn _mem
IqSn ]d-p-sImv Cu knm--ns \nn-X-Xzhpw
kvtX artXymbn hnX-Xky ]miw
Aym-b-ns kam-]X
v n-bpsS eyhpw Ipdn-p-p.

Aymbw 2.

AY [ocm Aar-XXzw hnZnXzm

[vdph-a-[vdp-th-jznl \ {]m-b-t.

bmsXm-cp- hnj-b--fpsS shn-n-f-epw B]mX-cm-a-Wo-b-Ihpw Inv Ah-bn Bk--\mbn Ahsb

{]m]n-p- - Xn\pw t`mKn-p- -Xn\pw thn Zp- `hpw Aaqey-hp-amb a\p-jy-Po-hn-Xs \in-n-p-pthm Ah
AXyw _pn-lo-\-\m-Ip-p. \n-b-ambpw Ah kIm- e- hym- ]n-bmb arXyp-hns ]mim _n--s- Sp-p.
ZoL-Imew hsc \m\m-{]-Im-c--fn-ep tbm\n-I-fn
P\\w kzoI-cn-p- sImpw IqsS-qsS acn-p-sImpw Ccnp- p. Fm _pn-am-m-cm-bn-p--h Cu hnj-b-sn Kl-\-ambn Cs\ Nnn-p-p. Cu C{n-b--fpsS
t`mKsfmw PohnIp ap tbm\n-Iam{Xw km-Zn1. ]cmn Jm\n hyXr-WXv kzbw-`q
p-sIm-Sp-p- hmt\ ]cym- ]vX- am- I- bp-q. a\p-jy- i- cocw FmkvXkvamXv ]cm-Mv]-iyXn \m-cm-
nepw hne-- W-am- W.v AXns hmkvX-hn- tIm-tiw hnjIn-o-c x-{]-Xy-Km- m-\-ssa
tbm- ]- t`m-K-n- \m- bn-sm- - . C{]- Imcw Nnn-nv CXns
Zmhr Npc-ar-XXz an.
Dtiw Aar-X- kz-cq-]\pw \nXy-\p-amb ]c-{_ ]c-am-mi_vZw, kv]iw, cq]w, ckw, Kw Cu C{n-b
- - hns\ {]m]n-p-I-bm-sWpw AXv Cu ico- c-ns
fpsS Fm qe-hn-jb
- -fpw ]pd-ta-bp-h
- b
- m-Ip-p. e`y-am-Ip-sapw D Imcyw Ah\p a\-n-em-Ip-tm
CXns bYm-amb Adn-hn-\p-th-n-bm-Ipp C{n-b- Ah k-tXm-`m-h-n At-l-n-tebvp Xncn-bpsf cNn-n-cn-p--Xv. Fp-sIm-s-m Ch-bpsS Ibpw sNp-p. ]ns Ah Cu hn\mi kz`mh-tmm\- an- msX a\p- jyv GsX- nepw hnj- b- ns cq]- Sp-Iq-Snb PK-n W-`w-Kp-c--fmb t`mKsf {]m]nttbm KpW-ttbm Adn-bp-hm km[n-p-n-. AXp- p--Xn-\p A`n-em-j-tm-Sp-IqSn Ncn-p-n-. Aht]mse Xs Ahsb bYm-tbmKyw {Kln-p-Ibpw XyPn- bn \npw kYm hnc--\m-bnv AXyw {im-epp-Ibpw sNbvXp. `K-hms C{n-b-\nm-tWm-t-is hmbn ]c-am-km-[-\-I-fn hym]r-X- \m-bn--gn-bp-p.
kw_w ]c-{_ ]c-am-mhv Fm Pohn-I-fnepw
nXn-sN-p-p. Fm Hcp-pw ImW-s-Sp-n-.
hfsc hnc- f - a m- b nt Bs- nepw kqva -_ p- nbnqSn At-ls Zin-p-hm Ign-bp-p-q. B
{_ Xs Xs lrZ-b-n nXn-sN-ptm Fmhpw Xmm--fpsS _pn-bm-Ip t\{X- hgn
Fp-sImp ImWp-hm Ign-bp-n? Npcpw Nnev
Fp- sImp ImWp- hm Ign- bpp? As\ Hcp {]iv\w
DZn-p-p. CXn\p adp-]Sn ]d-bpp

58

3. tb\ cq]w ckw Kw i_vZm

kv]imw ssaYp-\m
GtX-ss\h hnPm-\mXn Ina{X ]cn-in-jy-tX.
GXssZz XXv.
i_vZw, kv]iw, ckw, Kw apX-emb Fm hn[n-ep hnj-b--fn\npw kv{Xok-lh
- m-k-n
\npw e`y-am-Ip kpJ-fpw a\p-jy\v GsXmcp ]c-atZ-h-\n\npw e`y-am-bn-p m\-i-n-Zzmcm A\p-`h-ap-m-Ip-pthm At-l
- m \I-s-n-p insIm-p-Xs Ch-bpsS W-`w-Kp-c-XIsf a\-n-em-pp. Cu kpJ--fn ChnsS Ahtijn-p-Xv Fv
Fv Nnn-m Ch-sbmw {]Xn-Ww amdn-sm-n-cnp-Xpw hn\mi kz`m- h- tm-Sp- Iq-Sn- bXpw BsWpw a\n-em-p-hm Ign-bp-p. Ch-sb-m-n- tbpw ]c-am-Imc-W-\mb GI-am{X ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c am{Xw \nXy-\mIp-p. Atlw BZyw Dm-bn-cp-p, Ah-km\w Dmbn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. AXn-\m Atbm \Nn-tI-X-t,
\nm tNmZn- - s {_- XXzw CXp- X-s- bm- Ipp; AXv
Fm-n-tbpw _mnbpw Fm-ntdbpw Ayhpw
AJn- e
- n-tbpw A[n-]-Xnbpw AJn-e-ntbpw ]ca
KXnbpw BIp-p.

Fn Ah\v ]noSv B aln-am- ab kzcq-]s Hcn- epw

ad-p-hm Ign-bp--X-. AXn-\m Ah Hcn-epw
Btcbpw \nn-p-n-, BtcmSpw shdppw hntZz-jhpw
{]I-Sn-n-p-n- . \Nn-tI- X-t, \o GsXmcp {_- s- n
tNmZn- n-cn-p-pthm AXv CXp-X-s-bm-Ip-p. AXn-s\- s-bmWp Rm apI-fn hnp Ign-n-cn-p--Xv.
kw_w {_lvaw XpS-n mh-c-]-cyw kI-e-Po-hnIfpw B ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c-\m D--am-bn-cn-p-p.
AXm-bXv Fs- m- aptm Ah- sbmw At-l-ns cq]hn-ti-j--fm-Ip-p. At-l-n\npw `n-ambn ChnsS bmsXmpw Xsbn- . Fp-sIm-s - m Cu
kq PK-ns A`n-- \n-an-tm-]m-Zm-\- Im-cWw GIam-{X-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c Xs- bm-Ipp; Atlw GI-\m-bns AJn-e-nepw IpSn-sIm-p-p. C\n Xw-_-ambn ]d-bpp

6. bx ]qw X]tkm PmX-aZv`y:

]qh-a- P m-b X
Kplmw {]hniy XnjvTw tbm
`qtX-`nhy-]-iy-X. GXssZz XXv.

bmsXmp Pe-n \npw D]-e-n-X-amb ]-a-lm`q-X-pw apv lnc-Wy-K` {_m-hns cq]-n

4. kz]v\m-w-Pm-K-cn-Xmw tNm`u
{]Xy--am-bn-cp-pthm Atlw Xt-Xs k-ev]-cq-]tb\m-\ p- ]-i yXn
amb X]-n-\m {]I-S-am-Ip--h\pw AJn- eP
- o-h-Pm-e-almw hn`p-am-m\w aXzm [otcm
fp-tSbpw lrZ-b-Kp-lIfn {]hn-jSv -\mbn Ah-tbm-Sp-IqSn
\ timN-Xn.
kl-h-kn-p ]c-ta-iz-c-s\, bmsXm-cp- Atlw
- -f nepw A[n-hk
- n- p--h\pw
GsXmcp ]c-am-m- hns kl- tbm-Kw- sImv Cu Pohm- Fm-h-cp-tSbpw lrZ-b
mhp kz]v\m-h--bnepw Pm{K-Z-h--bnepw kw`-hn- Fm-n-tbpw A-cym-an-bp-S-amb ]c-ta-iz-c Xs- bmp Fm kw`hfp-tSbpw A\p-`hw IqsS-qsS Ip-p-shpw Cu kq PKv At-l-ns aln{]m]n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-pthm Ch-sbmw Adn-bp--X n- a-bm {]Im-in-p-p-shpw {Kln-p-pthm Ah
\p in CXn\v GsXmcp ]c-{_ ]c- ta-iz-c-\n\npw bmYmy-s- s {Kln-p-p. AJn-e- lr-Z-b--fn
e`y-am-b n-c n- p- pthm bmsXm- ns Ir]-bm Cu A[n-h-kn-p--h-\mb kmm ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c-s\Pohnv AXns (]-c-am-m) hnm-\inbpsS Hcwiw -s-bmWp \o Adn-hm B{K-ln--Xv.
{]m]vX -a m-b n-c n- p- p-thm, Ah-b vs - m-a p- ] -c n-b mbn kw_w AtX ]c-{_- s C\n AZn-Xn-tZ-hn-bpsS
alpw kZm k{X hym]vXhpw Bb ]c-{_ ]c- cq]-n hn-pp
ta- iz-cs\ Adn-bp [oc-]pcpj Hcn- epw bmsXmcp Imc7. bm {]mtW\ kw`-h-Xy-Zn-XntZ-h-Xm-abo
W-hi
- mepw tei-am{Xw t]mepw timIw A\p-`-hn-p-n-.

5. b Caw a[zZw thZ Bm\w Poh-a-n-ImXv

Cuim\w `qX-`h
- yky \ XtXm hnPq-Kp-]vktX. GXssZz XXv.
bmsXmcp km[-I AJne Poh {]Zm-b-I\pw Pohn-IfpsS ]c-a-Po-h\pw Ahsb kzw I-^ew A\p-`-hnn-p--h\pw `qXw, h-am-\w, `mhn Fo PK-p-fpsS GI-am{X `c-Wm-[n-Im-cnbpw Bb ]c-{_ ]c-ta-izcs\ ""A-cym-an-bmbn \nc-cw Xs kao-]-nepw lrZb-nepw nXn-sN-pp Fp {Kln-p-p-thm, AXpt]m-se-Xs Atlw Fm-h-cp-tSbpw lrZ-b
- -fnepw
hkn-pp Fpw kzm`m-hn-I-ambn A\p-am-\n-pp

Kplmw {]hniy XnjvTow bm

`qtX-`nhy-Pm-b-X. GXssZz XXv.
k tZh-Xm-a-bn-bmb `K-hXn AZn-Xn-tZhn Ghpw
BZyw B ]c-{_-- ns k-ev]-n\npw Fm PKn-tbpw Poh\ in-tbm-Sp-IqSn D-hnpw Fm PohnI-tfbpw _oP-cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSn Xtm-Sp-tNpw {]Xy-am-bn-cp-p. lrZ-bq-c-]-am-Ip Kpl-bn {]hn-jvS-bmbn
Ahn- sS-s hkn-p B `K-h-Xn, `K-hms ANny
alm-i- n, `K-hm-\n\npw kYm A`n--am-Ipp; `Khm-sbpw Ah-fp-sSbpw in- bn bmsXmcp hyXym-khp-an-. `K-hm Xs in-cq-]
- n Fm-h-cp-tSbpw
lrZ- b - - f n {]th- i n- n- c n- p- p. \Nn- t I- X - t ,

59

I GsXmns\-n \o Pnm-kp-hm-bn-cp-pthm AXp Xs

B ]c-{_--am-Ip-p.

AYhm P\-\o-cq-]-n kakvX tZh-It- fbpw krjvSn-Xp-I m-cWw Ah k-tZ-h-Xm-a -bn-bmbn; i_vZmZn
kakvX t`mK kaq-l
- sf `n-p--h-fm-bX
- p-sImv
Ah-fpsS \maw AZnXn Fmbn. Ah lnc-Wy-K` cq]amb {]mW-t\m-Sp-IqSn {]I-S- am-Ip-Ibpw kakvX `qX-{]m-WnI-tfmSp IqSn-s bmsXm-ns {]mZp`mhw Dm-IpIbpw AXp-t]m-se-Xs bmsXmv Fm `qX-{]m-Wn-I-fptSbpw lrZ-bK
- p-l-I-fn {]hn-jvS-bmbn AhnsS nXnsN-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm B ]c-ta-iz-cs alm-in
hmkvX-h-n At-l-ns {]XoIw Xs-bm-Ip-p.
kzbw ]c-ta-iz-cXs Cu cq]- n Xs- s {]IS-am-n-bn-cn-p-p. \Nn-tI-X-t, \o Adn-bp-hm-\m-{K-lnp {_w CXp-X-s-bm-Ip-p.

8. Ac-tWym\n-lntXm PmX-thZm K`
Ch kp`rtXm K`n-Wo`n:
Znth Znh CutUym PmKr-h-Zv`nl-hn-jva-Zv`n
a\p-tjy-`n-c-n:. GXssZz XXv.

10. btZ-thl XZ-ap{X bZ-ap{X XZ-\znl

artXym: k arXyp-am-]vt\mXn b Cl
\mt\h ]iy-Xn.

bmsXmv k-i-n-am-\m-bn, km--cym-an-bm- bn,

AJn- e
- n-tbpw ]c-a-Im-c-W-\mbn nXn-sN-p ]c{_-- ]p-cp-tjm--a ChnsS Cu ]rYznbn-s- bpv;
AXp-Xs AhnsS ]c-tem-I-n-epw, AXm-bXv tZh-KmZn hn`n--tem-I --fn-epw, ImW-s-Sp-p. XYm
bmsXmv Ahn-sS-bptm AXp-Xs Chn- sS-bp-ap- v. Htc
]c-am-m-hp-Xs AJne {_m-WU
v --fnepw hym]vX-\mbn-cn-p-p. bmsXmcp- B Htc ]c-{_-s eoebn\npw \m\m \ma--fnepw cq]--fnepw {]Im-in-p- Xp- Iv taml- hn- h-i-\mbn AXn \m\m- Xzs hn`m- h\w
sNp-p-sh-n Ah\p hopw arXyp-hn\v A[o-\-\m-tI- Xmbn hcp-p. Ah kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw P-a-c-W-N{- In\npw tamN\w t\Sp-n-. AXm-bXv GI-\mb ]c{_--]-c-ta-iz-c Xs ANn-y-i-n-tbm-Sp-IqSn \m\m
cq]--fn {]I-S-am-Ip--Xn\pw Cu {]]w apgp-h
AIpw ]pdpw B Htc ]c-am-m-hn-\ms
hym]vX-am-Ip--Xn-\p-ap Imc-Whpw At-l-ns kzcq]-hn-tijw Xs- sbv ZrV-Xm-]qw a\-n-em--Ww.

K`n-Wn-bmb kv{Xobn\npw ip-amb A- ]m-\mZn-I kzoI-cnv ]cn-]p-jvS-\mb _me F{]-Imcw K`11. a\-ssk-th-Z-am-]vXhyw t\l
n Hfn-n- cn-p- pthm AtX- {]-Im- cw-Xs k-\m\mkvXn InwN\
\mb An-`K
- -hm Ac-Wn--SnIfpsS CS-bn Hfn-nartXymx k arXypw KXn b Cl \mt\h
cn-p-p. AXp-t]mse An-hn-Zysb {Kln-n-p ]cn-{i]iy-X n.
an-Ifpw {im-ep-fpw Fm Ah- iy-km-a{Ko k--cp-amb
]c-am-m-hns ]c-a-XXzw ip-lr-Z-b -tm-Sp-IqSn
a\p-jy-K-W- {]Xn-Zn\w Bsc kvXpXn-p-Ibpw BZ-cns
C{]-Imcw {Kln-p-hm Ignbp-p. Cu PK-n
p-Ibpw sNp-pthm B An-tZ-h k--\mb
]c-ta-iz- cs {]Xo-Iw-X-s-bm-Ip-p. \Nn-tI-Xt! \o GI-am{X ]c-am-m-hp-Xs ]cn-]q-\m-Ip-p. Fmw
At-l-ns cq]w-X-s-bm-Ip-p. ChnsS ]c-am-mtNmZn-X
- mb kmm ]c-{_w CXp-X-s- bm-Ip-p.
hn\npw `n-ambn bmsXm-p-an-. bmsXm-cp-
9. bX-tm-tZXn kqtcymkvXw b{X N KXn ChnsS hn`n--Xsb Zin-pp Fn B a\p-jy
XwtZhm: kth An-Xm-kvXZp \mtXyXn
arXyp-hn\npw arXyp-hn-s\-s {]m]n-pp; IqsSI\. GXssZz XXv.
qsS P\n-p-Ibpw acn-p-Ibpw sNt-- Xmbn hcp-p.
GsXmcp ]c-ta-iz-c-\n \npw kqcy-tZ-h {]Xy-\m-Ip-Ibpw Fhn-sS-sv hne-b\w {]m]n-p-Ibpw sNppthm bmsXm-cp-s aln-a-bn \np-Xs kqcy-tZhs DZ-bm- kvX- a- b-eo- eI \nb- a- ]qw \S- p-pthm B
]c-{_--ns kq-tZ-h {]hn-jSv -\m-Ipp;
Fmw AXns nXn-sN-p-p. Bpw B
km--Ihpw k-a-bhpw Fm-n-sbpw BZnbpw
Ahpw B{i-b- m-\-hp- amb ]c-ta-iz-cs aln-a-tbbpw
hyh--tbbpw Dw-Ln-p-hm kmy-a-. k-tXm-`mh-tm-Sp-IqSn Fmw Ftmgpw At-l-ns A[o-\n At-l-n- s-X-s `c-W- n Ign-p-Iq-Sp-p.
Bpw Xs At-l-ns aln-asb IS- p- t]m- Ip- hm
km[n-p-n-. \o tNmZn--Xmb kmm {_w B inam-\mb ]c-{_-]
- p-cp-tjm--a-\m-Ip-p.

12. AwKp-jvT-am{X: ]pcptjm a[y

B\n XnjvTXn
Cuimt\m `qX-`h
- yky \ XtXm
hnPp-Kp-]vk-tX. GXssZz XXv.
A-cym-an-bmb ]c-ta-iz-c `qX h-am\ `mhn-Im-e-en kw`-hn-p Fm Pohn-If
- p-Sbpw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cnbm-Ip-p, kam-\-`m-h-m kZm k{X ]cn-]q\m-Ip-p. Fn-cp-mepw lrZ-b
- n At-l-ns
m\w alXztadn-b-sXp Icp-X-s-Sp-p. ]c-ta-iz-c
bmsXmcp qe-kq-vam-Im-c-hn-ti-j-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-bncn-p-n-. Fm nXn--\p-k-cW
- -ambn Atlw
Fm BIm-c-pw AXo-X-\m- Ip-p. p{Z- - fmb Fdpp-I-fpsS lrZ-b-n AXns lrZ-bm-Im-c-ns ]cn-

60

I Wm-a-n hncm-Pn-p-p. a\p-jy-lr-Zbw AwKp-jvT-]-cnWm-a- n- ep- -Xm-Ip-p. a\p-jy ]c- am- m- hns\ {]m]n-phm Ah-Im-in-bm-bn-s Icp-Xp-p. AXn-\m a\pjy- lr-Zbw ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz- cs D]-e-_[
v n- p m\ambn IW-m--s-Sp-p. AXn-\m ChnsS a\p-jy-cpsS
lrZ-b-]-cn-am-W-a-\p-k-cnv ]c-ta-iz-cs\ AwKp-jvS-am-{X-amb
Af- hn hn`m- h\w sNp- p. C{]-Imcw ]ctaizcs\ Xs
lrZ-b-n nXn- sN- p- -Xm-bn-m-Wp-- h, C{]-Imcw
Fm-h-cp-tSbpw lrZ-b
- n Atlw hncm-Pn-pp
Fp kzm`m-hn-I-ambn [cn-p-p. Xm-cWw Ah
]noSv Btcbpw \nn-p-Ibpw shdp-p-Ibpw sNp-n. \Nn-tI-Xt! GsXm-n-s\-n \o tNmZn-pthm AXv
Cu ]c-{_--am-Ip-p.

13. AwKp-jvT-am{X: ]pcptjm

tPymXn-cn-hm[q aI:
Cuimt\m `qX-`h
- yky k GhmZy k D iz:
GXssZz XXv.
a\p-jys lr-Z-b-Kp-l-bn nXn-sN-p Cu AwKpjvT-am{X ]pcp-j `qXw, `mhn, h-am\w CXp-Isf \nb{n- p kzX- {- ` -c -W m-[ n- I m- c n- b m- I p- p. Ctlw
tPymXna-b \pw BIp-p. kqcy-t\bpw An-tbbpw
t]mse DjvW-{]-Im- in-bm-bn-cn-p- p-an-. Fm Znhyhpw
im-hp-a mb {]Im-i-tm-Sp-IqSnbh-\m-Ip-p. euInI
tPymXn-p-I-fn [qa-cq]w tZmj-I-c-am-Ip-p. CXv [qa-cln-Xhpw tZmj-cl
- n-Xhpw kYm hnip--m-\-kz-cq]hpw BIp-p. ap tPymXn-p-I hf-cp-Ibpw Xf- cp-Ibpw
bYm-k-abw AW-bp-Ibpw sNp-p. Fm CXv Cs- s\tbm AX-t]m-se \msfbpw nXn-sN-p- p. CXns
GI-c-kX \nXyhpw Ap--hp-am-Ip-p. CXv Hcn-epw
Ipd-bp-n-, Hcn-epw hf-cp-n-. Hcn-epw \in-p-n. \Nn-tI-Xt! Cu ]cn-h-\-c-ln-X\pw Ahn-\m-in-bpamb ]c-ta-iz-c-s\--n-s \o tNmZn-p-p.

14. btYm-ZIw ZptK hrjvSw ]-tXjp

hn[m-h Xn
Ghw [m ]rYIv ]iyw-kvXm-t\-hm-\p-hn-[ m- h -Xn.

{_-temIw {]m]n-p-hm km[y-a-.

15. btYm-ZIw ipt ip-am-knw

XmZr-tKh `hXn
Ghw apt\hn-Pm-\X Bm `hXn KuX-a.
Fm ag-bpsS \n-e-Pew \n-e-am-bn-s
hjn-p-I-bm-sW-n AXv AtX-Ww Xs ]hn-{Xam- bn-o-cp-am-bn- cp-p. AXn bmsXmcp hnIm- c--fp-ap- mI-bn-, Hcn-S-tbvpw NnX-dn-tm-Ip-Ib
- n-m-bn-cp-p. CXpt]m-se-Xs Atbm KuX-a-hw-io-b-\mb \Nn-tI-X-t,
Cu ImWp--sXmw ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a Xs
Fp XXzw \mbn {Kln-p a\-\-io-e {]]-ns _mly-c q-] - p-] -] -c - X -\ mb ]pcp-j - s ,
Bmhp ]c-{_--n ebnv AXn- t\m- Sp-IqSn XmZmyw
{]m]n-p-p.

1. ]pc-ta-Im-Z-i -Zzm-c-a-P-kym-h -{I-tN-Xk:

A\p-jvTmb \ timNXn hnap-
hnap-Ny-tX. GXssZz XXv.
a\pjyi-co-c- am-Ip \Kcw cp- I-p- I, cp sNhnI, cp \mkm-Zzm-c-, Hcp apJw, {_-c-{w, \m`n,
KpZw, iniv\w Fo ]Xn-s\mp hmXn-ep-I-tfmSp IqSn-bXm-Ip-p. CXv k-hym-]nbpw Ahn-\m-inbpw AP-mhpw
\nXy-\pw, \nhn-Im-c-\pw, GI-c-k\
- pw, hnip m\-kzcq-]-\p-amb ]c-ta-iz-cs \K-c-am-Ip-p. Atlw k-{X
ka- `m-h-\-tbm-Sp- IqSn Fmfpw ]cn-]q- \m-bn- cp-p- sImv
Xs cmP-[m-\n-bmb Cu a\p-jy-i-co-c-ns lrZb
{]mkm-Z-tmsS cmPm-hn-\p-Xpeyw hnti-j-cq-]-n hncmPn-p- sIm-n-cn- p-p. Cu cl-kys {Klnp Pohn-p
bmsXm- cp- `P-\-ka
v -c- Wm- Zn-km-[-\-I A\p-jvTnp \Kc-ns alm-[n-Im-cn-bmb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ \nc-cw Nnnpw [ym\npw Ign-bp-pthm Ah Hcn-epw timIw
A\p-`-hn-p-n; Ah timI-Im-c-W--fmb kwkm-c_\--fn\npw tamN\w t\Sn Poh- p--\m- Ip-Ibpw
ico-c-Xym-K-n\ptijw hntZ-l-bp--\mbn `hn-bpw
sNpp; ]c-am-m-hn hnebw {]m]nv P\-\-a-cW N{In\npw Fs- t-p- ambn tamN\w t\Sp-p. \o Adnbp-hm thn tNmZn-Xv Cu k-hym-]-I-\mb ]c-{_-s--n-bm-Ip- p.

ag- shw Hp-am-{X- ta-bp-p. Fm AXv AXyp-X--fmb ]-X--fnepw sImSp-ap-Sn-I-fnepw hjn-ptm AhnsS AXp Xn- \np- n- . AXn-thKw Xmgv- kw_w C\n B ]c- ta- iz-cs k- cq- ]s kv]jvSo`m-K--fn-tep HgpIn hn`n h--fnepw BIm-c-n- I-cn-p- p.
epw, K-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw \mep `mK--fn-tebvpw NnX2. lwkx ipNn-jZv hkp-c--cn--k
dn-tm-Ip-p. CtX {]Im-cw-Xs Htc ]c-am-m-hn\npw
tmXm thZn-j-Z-Xn-YnZp-tcm-Wk
- Xv
D-hn hn`n kz`m-h-- tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb tZhm-kpc a\p-jym\rjZv hc-k-Zr-Xk
- Zv thyma-k-Z_vPm
Zn-I ]c-am-m- hns\ {]tXyIw {]tXyIw hn`m-h\w sNbvXv
tKmPm-EX
- Pm A{ZnPm EXw-_r-l-Xv.
At-l-n\v D]m-k-\-Ifpw ]qPm-Zn-Ifpw sNbvXv Ahcpw
NnX-dn-tmb Pe-n\p Xpeyw hn`n tZhm-kp-cm-Zn-I-fpsS
{]mIrX KpW--Xo-Xhpw Znhy-hn-ip--hp-amb ]ctemI--fnepw AXp-t]m-se-Xs \m\m-{]-Im-c--fn-ep
a-[m-a-n hncm-Pn-p kzbw {]Im-in-bmb ]c-{_-tbm\n-I-fnepw Aep Xncn-tb--Xm-bn-h-cp-p. Ah\v

61

I ]p-cp-tjm--a Xs A-co--n k-cn-p

hkp Fp t]cp tZh-\m-Ipp; Atlw Xs AXnYn-bpsS cq]-n Krl-s `h-\
- n BK-X-\mIpp; Atlw Xs b-th-Zn-bn {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bncn-p tPymXnab Anbpw AXp-t]mse Xs AXn
BlqXn \S-p tlmXmhpw BIp-p. Atlw Xs
Fm a\p-jy-cpsS cq]-nepw nXn-sN-p-p. a\p-jysc
At]-nv t{ijvT-m-cmb tZh-m-cp-tSbpw ]nXr--fptSbpw cq]-n nXn-sN-p-Ibpw kXy-n A[n-jT
v nX-am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Atlw Xs Pe-n
ay-ambpw iwJmbpw ipn-bmbpw {]I-S-am-Ip-p. ]rYznb n h r - a m bp w A p - c - a m bp w A - a mb p w
Huj[nbmbpw bmZn k--fn \m\m-hn-[-fn-ep-ap b ^e--fpsS cq]-nepw ]-X--fn
\Zn apX-em-b-h-bpsS cq]-nepw {]I-S-am-Ip-p. Atlw
Fm ho-W-nepw Fm-nepw t{ijvThpw alpw
]ca kXy-X-Xzhpw BIp-p.

kw_w C\n Xmsg--d-bp cp a{--fn-embn bacm-P \Nn-tI-X-n-\m tNmZn--s XXzs hopw

asmcp {]Im-c- n hn-m-sap {]Xn sNp- p.

5. \ {]mtW\ \m]m-t\\ atXym

PohXn I\
CX-tcW Xp Pohn bkvan-t-Xm-hp-]m-{in-Xu.
6. l X CZw {]h-yman Kplyw {_
k\m- X \w
bYm N acWw {]m]y Bm `hXn KuX-a.
ba-cm-P ]dp ""\Nn-tI-Xt Hcp Znhkw \nb-ambpw arXyp-ap-J-n Ft--h-cmb Cu a\p-jym-ZnPo-hm-I {]mW-tbpw A]m-\-tbpw in-sImp Pohnn-cn-p-n-. Chsb Pohn-n-p-Xv asmcp tNX-\m-X-Xzam-W.v Pohm-mhv AXm-Ip-p. Cu {]mW\pw A]m-\\pw
cpw B Pohm-m-hns\ B{i-bnp Ign-bp-p.''

Pohm-m-hns\ IqSmsX Ahbvv Hcp Ww t]mepw

\ne-\np-hm Ign-bp-n-. Pohm-mhp IS-p-t]m-Iptm Ch am{X-a Ch-tbm-sSmv Fm C{n-b-fpw
ico-c-n \nb-am-\p-kr-X-ambn A\-h-cXw {]mWm-]m- AXns\ A\p-k-cnp IS-p-t]m-Ip-p. C\n ac-Wm-\-cw
\m-Zn-I-fpsS {Inb \S-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Cu PU-hk
- X
v p- Cu Pohm-m-hn-s\-p-kw-`h
- n-pp? AXv Ftm-p-t]m-fn ImW-s-Sp {Inbm-io-eX B ]c-am-m-hns Ip XYm F{]-Imcw hkn-pp Fpw Rm ]d-pinbpw t{]c-W-bpw-sImp kw`-hn-p-p. Atlw X-cmw. AtXm-Sp-IqSn ]ca cl-kyhpw k-hym-]nbpw
Xs am\-h-lr-Z-b--fn cmPm-hn\p Xpeyw hncm-Pn-p- km-[m-chpw km-[n-]-Xnbpw Bb ]c-{_ ]c-ta-izsImv {]mWs\ apIfntebvpw A]m-\s\ Xmtgbvpw cs kzcq]w Fm-sWpw ]d-p-X-cmw.
Xnsm-n-cn-p-p. C{]-Imcw Atlw ico-c
- n- \p7. tbm\n-at\y {]]-Zyt ico-c-Xzmb tZln\x
n kw`-hn-p Fm hym]m-c--tfbpw kpNm-cp-cq-]mWp-at\y\pkw-bn bYm-I
n {Iao-I-cn-p-p. lrZ-b- n-X-\mb B ]c-a-`-P-\ob
bYm-{ip-Xw.
]c- {_-- ]p-cp-tjm--as\ Fm tZh-X- Ifpw D]m-kn-p-sImn-cn-p-p. ico-c-n-X-amb {]mW, a\-,v _pn apXba-cm-P ]d-bpp ""Ah-\-hs ip`m-ip-`-Iemb Fm C{n-b--fp-tSbpw A[n-jvTm-\-tZ-h-X-I B
- \p-k-cnpw imkv{Xw, Kpcp, kwKw, ]Tnv apX-em]c-ta-iz-cs\ {]km-Zn-n-p--Xn-\p-thn Ah-bpsS t{]cb-h-bv-\p-k-c-Wa
- mbn Ipw tIpw Dmb `mh-W-b-\p-k-cnv \nXyhpw {i-tbm-Sp-IqSn ka-kvXI
- m-cy-fn\npw \nn-X-amb Ay-Ime hmk-\-b\
- p-k-cnp
tfbpw bYm-hn[n {Iao-I-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
ac-Wm-\-cw F{Xtbm Pohm-fmIs ap icocw [cnp--Xn-\p-thn hocy-tm-Sp-IqSn amXm-hns tbm\n4. Aky hn{kw kam-\ky
bn {]th-in-p-p. Ch-cn BcpsS ]pWy-]m-]
-
ico-c-ky tZln\x
Xpeya
mb
nc
n
p
pthm
Ah
a\pj
yc
pt
Sbpw
Bp
tZlm-Zzn-ap-Ny-am-\ky Ina{X ]cn-in-jy-tX.
]pWyw Ipd-hm- bn-cn-p- Ibpw ]m]w A[n-I-am- bn-cn-p-Ibpw
GXssZz XXv.
sNp-pthm Ah ]n-ar-Km- Zn-I-fpsS icocw kzoI-cnp
Hcp ico-c-n\npw asm-n-te-b
v p Ka-\-kz-`mP\n-p-Ibpw ]m]w AXy-[n-I-am-bp At\Iw t]
h-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb tZln (Po-hm-m-hv) Cu h-am-\-i-cocw
mh-c-`m-h-tbpw (hr-w, eX, XrWw, ]-Xw apXhnp-t]m- Ip-tm AXn-t\m-Sp-IqSn C{n-b-fpw {]mW\pw
em-bh) {]m]np P\n-p-p.''
IS-p- t]m-Ip-p. Atm Cu arX-i-co-c-n Fhti
jn-pp? ImgvN-smpw Ahtijn-p--Xm-bn-m-W- kw_w ba-cm-P Pohm-m-hns KXnbpw ]c-am-ms-Sp-n- . Fm kZm kam-\-`m-h -tm-Sp-IqSn hns kzcq-]hpw Cu cp kwK-Xn-Ifpw ]d-bm-sap
- cw Pohm-mk{X ]cn-]q-\m-bn-cn- p B ]c-{_ ]c- ta-iz-c {]Xn sNbvXn-cp-p. CXn ac-Wm-\
tNX-\-bnepw Pohn-X-nepw PU-nepw Fm-nepw hns KXn Fm-bn-o-cpp? AXp ]d-nv Imcy-
kZm hym]vX- \m-Ip-p, AXv Ah-ti-jn-p-p. \o Adn-b- ]d-bpp
W-sa-m-{K-ln-p ]c-{_w CXp-X-s- bm-Ip-p.

3. Du[zw{]m-Wa
- p--b -Xy-]m\w {]Xy-K-kyXn
at[y hma-\-am-ko\w hntiz tZhm D]m-kt- X.

62

8. b Gj kp]vtXjp PmKn Imaw Imaw

]pcptjm \nn-amWx
XtZhip{Iw XZv {_ XtZ-hm-arXapNy-tX.
Xkvanw-tmImx {inXmx kt XZp \mtXyXn
I-\. GXZv ssh XXv.
Pohm-m-hnsd I--f-\p-k-cnv \m\m-{]-Im-c--fnep t`mK-sf \nn-p-- h\pw Ahsb bYm-tbmKyw
hyh sNp- -h-\p-amb Cu ]c-a-]p-cp-j]
- -c-ta-iz-c
kakvX Pohn-Ifpw \n{Z-bn-em--Xn\p taepw {]f-b-Im-en Fm-n-t-bpw, m\w ep]vX-am-bn-o-cp-tm)
kz-amb aln-a-bn \nXyw Pm{K-m-bn-cn-p-p. At
lw kzbw m\ kzcq-]-\m-Ip-p. bmsXm-cp-s
m\w kZm GI-c-ka
- m-bn-cn-p-p-thm, Hcn-epw IqSpItbm Ipd-bp-Itbm ep]vX-am-Ip-I tbm sNm-Xn-cn-ppthm AXp-Xs ]c-a-ip--Zn-hy-X- Xzw BIpp; AXpXs ]c-{_--am-Ip-p. AXn-s\-s m\n-I-fmb
alm-m- hgn-bmbn {]m]y-amb ]c-am-ar-X-kz-cq-]-]-c-am\w Fp ]d-b-s-Spp. Cu kq-temIw AXns\
B{i-bnp \ne-\np-p. AXn-\-sc Bpw Fphm Ign-bp--X Bpw AXns \nb-a-sf AXn{I-an-p-hm Ign-bp-n-. Fmw kZm GI-am-{X-amb
AXns `c-W-n Iogn Ign-bp-Ibpw AXn-\-[o-\-ambn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Bpw AXns aln-a-bpsS
A-c - -S - p-hm kmy-a- . GsXm- n-s \-n \o
FtmSp tNmZn- pthm B {_- XXzw AXp-XsbmIp-p.
kw_w C\n An-bpsS ZrjvSm--m B ]c-{_-]-c-ta-iz-cs hym]-I-X-tbbpw \nte-]-X-tbbpw hnp-p.

{]-Im-c-n-ep B-cy-a-b--fmb in-bm k--ambn-cn-p-p.

kw_w Cu Imcyw Xs hmbp-hns\ ZrjvSm-o-I-cnp-sImp ]d-bpp

10. hmbpb-ssYtIm `ph\w {]hnjvtSm

cq]w cq]w {]Xn-cqt]m _`qh
GI-kvXYm k-`q-X m--c mm
cq]w cq]w {]Xn-cqt]m _ln
Htc hmbp-Xs Ahy--cq-]-n {_mWvUw apgph hym]n-n-cn-p-p. Fn-cp-mepw hnhn[ hkvXp
fpsS kwtbm-K- n\npw AtX hkvXp\p-cq]-amb KXnbpw inbpw {]I-Sn-n-p-p. AtX-{]-Imcw
Xs Pohn-I-fnse A-cym-an-bmb ]c-ta-iz-c GI-\m-bncp-npw AtX Pohn-Isf kw_- n-n-S-tmfw {]tXyIw
{]tXy-I-amb inbpw KXnbpw {]I-S-am-p-p. Fm
A{Xsmp-a-, Ah-bvs-m-n\pw _mly-am-bnpw
A\- hpw Ako-ahpw Akm-[m-c- W-hp-am-b-cq-] -n
nXn-sN-p-p.
kw_w Cu a{- n kqcys ZrjvSmw sImp
]c-am-m-hns \nte-]-Xsb ImWn-pp

11. kqtcym bYm kh-tem-Iky Np

\ en]ytX Nmp-ssj_m-ly-tZmssjx
GI-kvXYm k-`q-X m--c mm
\ en]ytX temI-Zpx-tJ\ _mlyx

Htc kqcyXs {_m-WU

v s apgp-h {]Im-inn-p-p. AXns {]Imiw Pohn-I-fpsS Ip-Ip
klm-b-I-c-am-Ip-p. B {]Im-i-ns klm-b-tm-Sp9. Anb-ssYtIm `ph\w {]hnjvtSm
IqSns BfpI \m\m {]Im-c-n-ep KpW-tZm-j-acq]w cq]w {]Xn-cqt]m _`qh
b--fmb I- A\p-jT
v n-p-p. Fm Ah-cpsS
GI-kvXYm k-`q-X m--c mm
t\{X- hgn sN-s-Sp hnhn-[-cq-]
- n-ep Icq]w cq]w {]Xn-cqt]m _ln-.
tZm-j--fp-ambn kqcy Aev]w-t]mepw _-s-Sp-n-.
Htc An-Xs \ncm-Im-c-cq-]-n {_mWvUw apgp- C{]-Imcw Xs Fm-nepw A-cym-an-bmb hnh hym]n-n-cn-p-p. AXn\v bmsXmcp t`Z`mh--fp-an- p `K-hm ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a GI am{X-am. Fm kmIm-c-cq-]-n Pzen-ptm B[m-c-`q-X- Ip-p, At-l-ns in-bn\npw in-bp--am- Ch hgn-bmbn a\p-jy
amb hkvXp-hn-s\-tmse BIm-c-tm-Sp-IqSn ImW-s-Sp- bnv a\-v, _pn, C{n-b
v n-pp. C{]-Imcw Xs kakvX {]mWn-I-fnepw \nd-p- \m\m-{]-Im-c-n-ep-ap ip`m-ip-`-I- A\p-jT
\np ]c-ta-iz-c GI-\-s{X. AJn-e-nepw ka-`m- p. AXp-t]mse AXp-I-fpsS ^e-kz-cq-]--fmb kpJ-Zpx- n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Fm B ]c-tah-n hym]n-n-cn-p-p. AXn bmsXmcp {]Im-c-n- Jm-Zn-I A\p-`h
izc

Ahc
psS
I--fnepw en]vX-am-Ip-n- . Fp- sImep- ap t`Z- `m-h-an-. Fn- cp- mepw Atlw `n-`n PohnI-fn AtX Pohn-I-\p-cq-]a
- mbn \m\m-cq-]
- -fn s- m Atlw AJn- e-nepw hkn-p-p-s- nepw
{]Im-in-p-p. B[m-c-h-kX
v p--\p-cq-]-ambn At-l- Fm-n\npw ths]pw kYm Akw-K-ambpw
ns alna {]I-S-am-Ip-p. hmkvX-h-n B ]c-ta-iz- \ne-sIm- p-p.
cs alna CsXm-p-a-. CXn-s\-m hf-sc-b-[nIw al12. GtIm hio k-`q-Xm cmm
-c-am- Ip-p, At-l-nsd A\-- amb in-bpsS Hcp
GIw cq]w _lp[m bx ItcmXn
IWn-I-sIm-p-am{Xw Cu kq {_mWvUw \m\m-

63

Xam-w tb\p]-iyn [ocm

kvtXjmw kpJw imizXw t\X-tc-jmw.
GsXmcp ]c-am-mhp kZm AJn-e-ntbpw Acm-m-cq-]
- n nXn-sN-p-pthm bmsXmv AZzn-Xobhpw kYm kzX-{-hp-am-bn-cn-p-pthm AJne PKnepw tZh-a-\p-jymZn Fm-n-t\bpw kZm Xs \nb{- W-n shp-sIm-n-cn-p-pthm B k-i-In-Xmam-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c Xs Htc cq]s Xs eoe-bmbn
\m\m-{]-Im-c-n-em-n-op- p. B ]c-am-m-hns\
bmsXmcp m\n-bmb alm-]p-cp-j \nc-cw Xs
Dn nXn-sN-p--Xm-bn-m-Wp-pthm Ah\p am{Xw
kZm nc-am-bn-cn-p-Xpw k\m-X-\hpw Bb ]c-am-\w
e`n-p-p. asm-cp-pw e`n-p-n-.

13. \ntXym \nXym\mw tNX-\-t-X-\m-\m

tatIm-_-lq\mw tbm hnZ-[mXn Imam
Xam-w tb\]-iyn [ocm
kvtXjmw imnx imizXo t\X-tc-jmw.
bmsXmcp kakvX \nXy-ssN-X\yw Bm--fp-tSbpw
\nXy-tN- X-\- bmb Bm-hm-bn-cn-p- Ibpw bmsXmv kzbw
GI-am-bn-s AJne Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw t`mK--fpsS
AXm-Xns Im-\p-kr-X-ambn hn[m\w sNbvXp-sIm-ncn-p- pthm kzw Dn \nh- kn-p B k inam-\mb ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm- -as\ bmsXmcp alm-m-\n]p- cp-j \nc- cw Zin-p- sIm-n- cn-p- pthm At- l- n\p- am{Xw kZm nc-am- bn-cn-p k\m-X-\-amb ]c-a-imn
e`n-pp ampw e`n-p-n- .

B kz{]-Im-i-]-c-am-\--kz-cq] ]c-{_--]c
- -ta-iz-cs
kao]w Cu kqcy {]Im-in-p-n-. kqcy {]Im-in-ptm anm-an- \p-ns {]Imiw Cm-Xm- bn-o- cp--Xp- t]mse, kqcys tXPpw B Ako-a-tX-P-ns apn
ep]vX -am-bn- o-cq- p. N{, \{X- , hnZypv
Chbpw AhnsS {]Im-in-p-n-. ]ns Cu An-bpsS
Imcyw Fv? Fp- sIm- s- m {]mIr- X-P-K- n {]Imi-kz-`m-ht- m-Sp-Iq-Snb XXz--sfmw Xs B ]c-{_
]c-ta-iz-cs {]Im-i-i-n-bpsS Awis {]m]n-np ]cta-iz-cs {]Im-i-i-n-bpsS Awis {]m]n-n-p {]Imin-p-p. Ahbvv X-fpsS {]Im-i-Is kao]w F{]Imcw {]Imiw ]c-p-hm Ignbpw? Cu ]q-{]-]w
PK-Zm-m-hmb ]pcp-tjm- -as {]Imiw sImtm
AYhm B {]Im-i-ns p{Z-amb Awiw-sImtm
{]Im-in-p-sIm-n-cn-pp Fp kmcw.

1. Du[z-aqtemhmIvimJ Gtjmizx
k\m-X \x
XtZh ip{Iw XZv {_ XtZ-hm-ar-X-ap-Ny-tX.
Xkvanw-tmIm: {ioXm: kt XZp-\m-tXyXn
I-\. GXssZz XXv.

bmsXm-ns aqe-`q-X-amb ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a

Ghpw D]-cn-bm-Ip-pthm AXm-b-Xv, AXn-kq-v ahpw
k-i-n-am\pw BIp- p- thm, bmsXm- ns {][m- \- imJ
{_mhpw Ahm--c-im-J-I tZh- I ]nXr-, a\p-jy,
]n-ar-Km-Zn-I Ch {Ia-{]-Imcw Xmsgbpw BIpp; C{]Imcw Cu {_m-WvU-am-Ip Aiz--hrw A\m-ZnImew apX \nXy-am-bn-cn-p-p. Nnetm {]I-S-ambpw
kw_w Pnm-kp-hmb \Nn-tI-Xv C{]-Imcw B Nne-tm A{]-I-S-ambpw Xs Imc-W-cq-]-amb ]c-{_-]c-{_ {]m]vXn-bpsS B\-hpw imn-bpsS aln-abpw n \nXyhpw nXn-sN-pp; AXm-bXv k\m-X-\-am-Ip p. bmsXm v CXns aqe- I m- c - W - a m- I p- pthm
tInv Bcm Nnn-p-hm XpSn
AXn\nv Ch-sbmw D-hn-p-p, AXp-sIm-p- Xs
14. XtZ-X-ZnXn a\yt \ntZiyw ]caw kpJw kpc-n-Xa- m-bn-cn-bpw AXn-tebvp Xs hne-bn-pIYw \p XZzn-Pm-\obmw Inap `mXn hn`mXn hm. Ibpw sNp- p, AXp- X s hnip Znhy-X - X zhpw
{_hpw BIp-p. AXn-s\-s Aa-c-Xz-sap ]d-bpB k\m-X-\-]-c-am-\-hpw ]c-a-im-nbpw {]m]n-n-p
p. AJn-e-temIfpw AXns\ B{i-bnp \nevp-p.
m\n-I-fmb alm-m Cs\ Icp- Xp-p. bmsXm-ns\
Bpw AXns\ AXn-ew-Ln-p-hm Ignbp-n-. \Nnhn- p- hm a\-n\pw hmn\pw Ign- bm- Xn- cn- p- pthm
tI- X-t, \o Adn-bp-hm B{K- ln {_-XXzw CXp-X-sB Aeu-In-Ihpw ktm-]-cn-bp-amb B\w \Ip-Xv
bm-Ip-p.
]c- {_ ]pcp-tjm--a-\m- Ip-p. B ]c- am-\ ]c-ta- iz-cs\
Rm A]- tcm cq]-n F{]-Imcw Adnbpw AXns
2. bZnZw Inw N PKXv kw {]mW
m\w GXp-co-Xn-bn kw`-hn-pp?
GPXn \nxkrXw
kw_w \Nn-tI-X-ns B-cn-I-`mhw {Kln-nv bacm-P ]dp

15. \ X{X kqtcym `mXn \ N{-Xm-cIw

t\am hnZyptXm `mn ItXmbanx
Xtah `m-a-\p-`mXn khw
Xky `mkm kh-anZw hn`m-Xn.

al-Zv`bw hPvda
- p-ZyXw b GX-Zzn-Zp-c-ar-Xm-ktv X,
`h-n.
C{n-bw, a\-v, _pn Ch-s Imp ImWp-I bpw
tIp-Ibpw {Kln-p-Ibpw sNp--hb
- mb kqN-cm-N-c-P-K-smw Xs ]ca Imc-W-cq-]a
- mb GsXmcp
]pcp-tjm--a-\n \npw {]I-S-amtbm AtX {]mW-kz-cq]- amb ]c-ta-iz-c- \n hym]-cn-p- sIm-n- cn-p-p. AXm-bXv

64

I CXns tNj-Sv -I-fpsS B[m-chpw \nb-{-I\pw B ]c-taiz-cX-s- bm-Ip-p. B ]c-ta-iz-c ]c-a-Z-bm-ep-hm-bn-cnp--Xp-t]m-se-X s AXyw `b-kz-cq-]\
- p-am-Ip-p.
sNdpXpw hepXpw Fmw At-ls `b-s-Sp-p. Atlw, Dbn-n-Sn-n-cn-p h{Pm-bp-[-n-\p-Xp-ey-hp-am-Ipp. Ic-- fn h{Pm- bp[w Dbn-n-Snp \np {]`phn-s\-v Fm tkh-Icpw \nc-cw Bm ]me-\n Xev]-c-cm-bn-cn-p--X p-t]mse ka-kX
v -tZ-h
- mcpw
kZm ka-b hpw \nb-am-\p-k-c Ww Cu ]c-ta-i z-cs
Bm-]m-e\
- -n hy{K-X-tbm-S p-IqSn hn- p-p.
bmsXm-cp- Cu ]c-{_- s Adn- bp-pthm XXz-m\n-bmb B ]pcp-j Aa-c-\m-bn-o-cpp; P\\ ac-W-fn \npw ap-\m-Ip-p.

5. bYmZti XYm \n bYm

kz]vt\ XYm ]nXr-temtI
bYm]vkp ]coh ZZrti XYm K-temtI
Ombm-X]
- -tbm-cnh {_-tem-tI.

F{]-Imcw If--c-ln-X-amb Z-W

- n AXns
apn hp-\np hkvXp Z-W-t-m hne-Whpw kv]jvS-hp-ambn ImW-s-Sp-pthm AtX-{]-Im-cwXs PvRm\n-I-fm-b-hc
- psS Ax-Ic
- -W-n B ]c-taiz-c AXn-s\m hne--Whpw kv]jvS-hp-ambn ImWs-Sp-p. F{]- Imcw kz]v\-n hkvXp-k-aqlw bYcq-]-n ImW-s-SmsX kz]v\-{Z-jvSm-hmb a\p-jys
hmk-\bpw kwkvIm-c-hp-a-\p-k-c nv Fhn-sStbm D
hkvXp Fhn-sStbm hnirwJ-e-cq-]
- n Akv]jvSambn
3. `bm-Z-kym-n-kvX-]Xn `bmXv X]Xn kqcyx
ImW-s-Sp-pthm A{]-Imcw Xs ]nXr-tem-I-n ]c`bm-Zn-{ hmbp arXyp[m-hXn ]ax
ta-iz-cs kzcq]w bYm-hXv kv]jvS-ambn ImW-s-SmsX
Fm-n-t\bpw `cnpw AJn-e-tbpw \nb-{npw Akv]-jvS-a m-bn-s ImWp- p. Fp-sIm-s-m
\nb-am-\p-k-cWw Nen-n-pw-sIm-n-cn-p Cu ]c-ta-iz- ]nXr-temIw {]m]n-n-p Pohn-Iv ]q-P--nse
- vmc-t\m-Sp `bw ImcWw An X]n- p- p. AtX `b- m kvarXn-Ifpw Ahn-sS-bp _p--fpsS ]q-hX
- mb hmk-\-Ikqcy X]n-p-p. AtX `b-ms C{\pw \hpw D-Xp-Im-cWw Ah XZ-\p-k-c-Wa
hmbphpw ]ar-Xyp-fpw sh-tem-Sp-IqSn ]mp-\-Sv fn B_--cmbngn-bp-p. K-temIw ]nXr-tem-Iag s]n-p-I, Pohn-Ip {]mW-in \Ip-I, Pohn- s-m Ipdp t{ijvT- am-Ip-p. Pe-n- \p-n t\mnI- fpsS ico-c-sf \in-n- pI XpSn Ah-c-h-cpsS tPmen- bm {]Xn-_nw_w icnp ImWp-nsnepw GXmv
I {im-]qw sNbvXp-s Im-n-cn- p-p. Npcpw icn-bmb cq]-n ImW-s-Sp-p. Fm Pe-ns
Fs- m, Cu {]]--n ssZh-I aqe-ambn \nb- Hmf- ImcWw Cf- In-sm- n-cn-p {]Xo-Xn- bp- m-panX cq]-n \S--s-p-sIm-n-cn-p Fm Imcy- p, kv]jvS-ambn ImW-s-Sp-n-. AXp-t]m-se-bmWv
fpw k-i-n-k--\pw AJn-e
- ntbpw \nb-m- kz]v\s At]-nv Pm{K-Z-h--bpsS nXnbpw
hp-amb ]c-ta-iz-cs AtamL imk-\-m kw`hn-p- A-s\- Xs K-tem-I-nepw t`mK-e-l-cn-bn Aeb- Sn-p lrZ-b-tm- Sp-Iq-Snb Ahn-Sps \nhm- kn- Iv
sIm- n-cn-p- p.
`K-hms Zi\w kv]jvS-ambn e`np-n-. Fm
4. Cl tNZ-iI
- Zv t_myw {]mIv
{_-tem-I-n Pohn-p--hv \ngepw shbn-epwico-cky hn{kkx
t]mse kz-ambpw B ]c-{_-]
- -c-ta-iz-c-s\--n-bp
XX: ktKjp temtIjp ico-c-Xzmb Iev]-tX. m\w {]Xy--ambpw kpkv]-jvS-ambpw e`n-p-p.
k-i-n-am\pw AJn- entbpw t{]c-I-i- nbpw AhnsS bmsXmcp hn[-amb {`ahpw \ne-\np-n-. {]YAJn-e-tbpw `cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-h\pamb ]c-ta-iz- am-ym-b-ns aqmw `mK-n BZy-a-{- n ]d-bcs\ GsX-nepw km[-I Cu Zp`a\pjy-i- co-c-ns s-n-cn-pp Cu a\p-jy-i-cocw Hcp temI-am-Ip-p,
\miw kw`-hn- p-- Xn\p apm-bn-s Adn-b- Ww. AXm- CXn ]c-{_-hpw Pohm-mhpw shbnepw \ng-epw-t]mse
bXv Cu ico-c-n `P-\-ka
v -c-Wm-Zn-km-[-\-I A\pjvTn lrZ-b- cq-]n-bmb Kpl-bn hkn-p-p. AXm-bXv a\p-jy
p--Xn-\p in Ftmhsc \ne-\n-evp-I bpw ap temIsf A`nejnmsX Cu a\p-jy-i-cocw \neFtm hsc acWw `hn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm \nptms ]c-{_--] -c- ta-i z-c -s\-- n-b p
AXn\p apmbn {i-tbmsS {]b-Xv\np ]c-am-m-X-Xz- m\w km-Zn--Ww.
m\w t\tS--Xm-Ipp; Atm am{Xta Ahs
6. C{n-bmWmw ]rY-Kv`m-h-ap-Z-bm-kvXa
- bu
PohnXw k^-e-am-Ip-p-q. A\m-Zn-Imew apX P\-\a
- N bXv
cW {]hm-l-n ]Xn-p-sIm-n-cn-p Cu PohnXw
]rY-Kp-Xv]-Zy-am-\m\mw aXzm [otcm \ timN-Xn.
AXp-sImp tamN\w t\Sp-p. As-n ]noSv AXpwi_vZ kv]imZn hnj-b--fpsS A\p-`-h-kz-cq-]-ambn
sImv At\Iw Iev]w hsc hn`n temIfnepw tbm\n{]tXyIw
{]tXy-I-amb Imcy-p-thn `n-`n cq]I-fnepw \nv icocw kzoI-cn-t--Xn\p _my--am-bn- -am-bn-cn-p C{n-b
- -fp-sS, bmsXmv
o-cp-p. AXn-\m a\p-jy ac- W-n\p hfsc apm- -fn Dev]
{]tXyIw
{]tXyIw
`mh
t
fmS
pI
qS
nb
-Xm-bncnpp-thm,
bn-s ]c-am-m-hns\ Xncn--dn-b-Ww.

65

I AXp-t]mse Pm{K-Z-h--bn {]h\ ioe-tm-Sp-Iq-

Znhy-cq-]s bmsXmcp a\p-jy\pw {]mIrX N-N-pSn-b-Xm-bn-cn-p-Ibpw kpjp-]X

v n-Im-e-n eb-ambnocp- p-IsImp Zin-p-hm km[y-a-. bmsXmcp `mKyIbpw sNp cq]w AXns ]cn-h-\-kz-`m-h-am-Ip- hm-\mb km[-I \nc-cw t{]a-`-cn-X-amb a\-tm-Sp-IqSn
p. Ch-sb--n-sbmw Nnn-n-v, _pn-am-m-cm-b-h Cu At-ls Nnn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-pthm Ahs lrZ-bclkyw AXm-bXv Cu C{n-b- a\-,v _pn AYhm n `K-hms B Znhy- kz- cq]w kw_- np [ym\w {]KmCh-bpsS kwLm-X-cq-]a
- mb icocw Rmt\m BIp-n; V-am-bn-o-cp-tm B kabw km[-Is lrZbw `KRm Ch-sb-m kYm hne--Whpw \nXy-ssN-X- hms [ym\- P-\n- X-amb kzcq-]- n \n- e-am- bn- ocpp.
\yhpw ktm-]cn hnip-hpw GI-c-khpw BIpp C-s\-bp \n-e-lr-Z-b-tm-Sp-IqSns B km[Fp a\-n-em-p-tm Ah bmsXm-cp-hn-[-n- ep I hnip _pn-cq-]- amb t\{X- hgn ]c-am-m-hns
timIw A\p-`-hn-p-n-. Fs-t-p-ambn ZpxJ-tim-Im- B Znhy-kz-cq-]-ns Zi\w t\Sp-p. bmsXm-cp-
Cu ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Adn-bp-pthm Ah Aa-c-\m-bn-oZn-I-fn\npw ap-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
cpp; ]c-am-\--kz-cq-]-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
kw_w ASp cp a{- -fn-embn XXz-Nn-- I
kw_w tbmK-[m-c-W-amw a\-n-t\bpw C{n-b-hn-p-p.
tfbpw \nb-{nv ]c-ta-iz-cs\ {]m]n-p--Xn-\p ap
7. C{n-tb`y: ]cw at\m a\k: kz-ap-aw
km[\ hnh-cn-pp

kzm-Z[n alm-\mm altXmhy-ap--aw.

C{n-b--fn a\v t{ijvT- am-Ip-p. a\-ns\m

_pn D-a- am-Ip-p. _pn- tb-m AXns kzman-bmb
Pohm- mhv Db- Xm- Ipp; Fp-sIm-s- m Ah-sbm-n-tbpw ta CXn-\ -[ n-Im-c -a p- v. Ah-sbmw
CXns Bm-]m-e-I-cmWv; CXv Ah-bpsS `cWm[n-Imcn-bm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv Ah-tb-m Pohm-mhv AXyw
hne--W-am-Ip-p. Cu Pohm-m-hnepw CXns Ahy-(Im-c-Ww) icocw {]_-e-am-W.v bmsXmv CXns\ _n-nn-cn-p-pthm AXp `K-hms B {]Ir-Xn-bpsS Awi-amIp-p.

8. Ahy-mp ]cx ]pcptjm hym]tIm

enwK GhN
bw mXzm-ap-tNytX Pp-c-ar-XXzw N K-Xn.
Cu {]Ir-Xn-sb-m AXn-s-kzm-an-bmb ]c-a-]p-cpj
]c-am-mhv t{ijvT-\m-Ip-p. Atlw \ncm-Im-c-cq-]-n
k{X hym]n-n-cn- p- p. (KoX 94) Cu Pohm- mhv {]IrXn-bpsS _-\
- -fn\npw kYm ap-am-hp-Ibpw
Aar-X-kz-cq-]-amb ]c-am-\-s t\Sp-Ibpw sNp-p.
AXp-sImv a\p-j y Cu {]Ir-Xn-bpsS _- \ - fn\npw apn-t\-Sp--Xn-\p-thn CXns kzman-bmb
]c- {_ ]pcp- tjm- - as\ icWw {]m]n- Ww ]c- am-mhv
Cu Pohn-I-fn Icp-W-tXmn ambm-a-dsb henp amptm At-l
- ns Zi\w Chbvp kn-am-Ip-p.
As-n Cu aqV-m, kZm X-tfm-sSmp hknn-cp-npw B ]c-ta-iz-c-s\-s Xncn--dn-bp-n-.

9. \ kwZrti XnjvTXn cq-]-aky \

Npjm ]iy Xn I-ss\\w
lrZm a\ojm a\-km`n p]vtXm b
GXZvhn Zpc-ar-XmkvtX `h-n.
Cu ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs Znhy-kz-cq]w {]Xy--hnj-b-cq-]-n \psS apn hcp-n-, ]c-am-m-hns

10. bZm ]m-h-Xn-jvTt m\m\n

a\km kl
_pn \ hntN-jvSXn Xmam-lp:]-camw KXnw.
tbmKm-`ymkw sNbvXp-sNbvXv Ftm a\-tm-Sp-IqSn
]t-{n-b- \-Xp-t]mse nc-am-Iptm _pn
GI\mb ]c-am-m-hn ]c-am-m-hn-s\-b-msX asm-ntbpw teiw-t]mepw m\-ap-m-Im--co-Xn-bn ncam-bn-o-cptm B Ah-sb tbmKn-I ]c-a-KXn
tbmK-ns ktm--a-KXn Fp ]d-bp-p.

11. Xmw tbmK-anXn a\yt ncman- {n-b -[m-c Wmw

A{]-a--kvXZm `hXn tbmtKm ln
{]`- hm-]y- bu.
C{n-bw, a\-v, _pn Ch-bpsS \n-em-h--bpsS
\maw tbmKw Fm-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw A\p-`- h- m-\-ap
tbmKnsb alm-\p-`m-h-\mbn Icp-Xp-p. Fp-sIm-sm B kabw km[- I hnj-b-Zi\ cq]- - fmb Fm
{]am-Z--fn \npw cln-X-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Fm Cu
tbmKw DZ-bhpw AkvX-a-bhpw t]mse-bm-Ip-p. AXp-ImcWw ]c-am-m- hns\ {]m]n- - W- sav A`n- e- jn- p Cmep--fmb km[-I \nc-cw tbmK-bp--cm-bn-cn-p--Xn\p ZrVm-`ymkw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn--Ww.

12. ss\h hmNm \ a\km {]m]vXpw itIym

\ Npjm
AkvXoXn {_phtXm\y{X IYw XZp-]-e-`y-tX.
B ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ hmWn apX-emb It{n-b-sImpw Npv BZn-bmb mt\-{n-bsImpw a\- v, _pn BZn-b mb Ax-I-c -W sImpw {]m]n- p- hm km[n-p- n- . Fp- sIm- sm AXv Ch-bs
v mw Fm-hp-n-S-p-\npw hfsc
Zqsc nXn-sN-p-p. Fm At-ls {]m]n-p--

66

I Xn\p Xo{h-ambn Cn-p--h\v At-ls {]m]n-p-hm

km[n-p-p. Cu kwKXn bmsXm-cp- ]d-bp-n-tbm
kzoI-cn-p-n-tbm AXm-bXv CXp-kw-_-nv bmsXm-cp\v ZrV-amb hnizmkw DmIpntbm Ah\v Atls Fs\ {]m]n- p-hm Ignbpw? AXn-\m ]q
a{-n ]d-n-p coXn-b-\p-k-cnv C{nbw a\v
apX- embn Fmw tbmKm- `ymkw apJm- ncw XS-nv ""AXymhiyhpw km[-I\p e`yhpw BIpp'' Fp ZrV-\n-b-tm-Sp-IqSn \nc-cw AXns {]m]vXn-p-thn ]ca-amb D-WvTt- bm-Sp-IqSn {]b-Xv\-io-e-cm-bn-cn--Ww.

13. AkvXo-tXy-thm-]-e_v[ hykvXz

`mth\ tNm`tbm:
AkvXo-tXy-thm-]-e-_v[ky XXz-`mh: {]ko-Z-Xn.
""]c-ta-iz-c Bh-iyhpw Atlw km[-I\p \n-bambpw e`yhpw BIpp'' F Imcy-t--n-bp ZrVhn-izmkw km[-I\v Ftmgpw Dm-bn-cn--Ww. ]noSv
CtX \n-b-tm-Sp-IqSns At-ls kzoI-cn-pIbpw XZ-\-cw XmXznI hnth-N-\m-]qw \nc-cw Atls [ym\n-p-Ibpw sNbvXnv B ]cm-i-nsb {]m]nmw. ""Atlw Bh-iy-am-Wpw Xs Xs lrZ-bn hncm-Pn-pp Fpw AXns {]m]vXn BhiyamIpp'' Fpw Ftm km[-I hnizm-k- tm- Sp- IqSn `Khms\ kzoI-cn-p-pthm Atm ]c-am-m-hns B
XmXznI Znhy-kz-cq]w Ahs hnip lrZ-b-n kzbambn {]I-S-am-hp-Ibpw `K-hms {]Xyw A\p-`-h-am-IpIbpw sNp-p.
kw_w C\n \njvma`mh-ns aln-a-sb-n ]dbpp

14. bZm kt {]apNyt Imam tbky

lrZn-{inXm:
AY atXymartXm `h-Xy{X {_
ka-iv\p-tX.
a\p-jys lrZbw \nXyhpw \nc-- chpw \m\m-{]-Im-c-fn-ep-ap sFln-Ihpw ]mc-eu-In-Ihpw Bb A`n-emj-sImp \nd-b-s-n-cn-p-p, Cu ImcWw sImv
Cu ]c-am-\ kzcq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ F{]-Imcw {]m]np-hm km[npw Fv Ah Hcn-epw Nnn-p-n. Imay-hn-j-b--fpsS Bk-n-bm Ah ]c-am-mhns\ {]m]n-p--Xn\v A`nejnp-p-an-. Cu Fm A`nemjfpw km[-Is lrZ-b-n \npw kaqew \inp-t]m-Ip-tm Ah Aa-c-\mbnocp-Ibpw Cu a\pjy- i- co- c-ns B ]c- {_ ]c- ta- iz- cs kmm
A\p-`hw \-Xp-t]mse kwPm-X- am-Ip-Ibpw sNp-p.
kw_w kwib cln-X-amb ZrV- \n--b-ns alnasb ]d-bpp

15. bZm kth {]`n-Zyt

lrZ-b-tkyl {Kb:
AY atXymartXm `h-tXy-Xm-h-y\p
imk-\w.

km[-Is lrZ-b-n-ep Al-bpw aa-Xm-cq-]-nep kakvX Am\ {Kn-Ifpw \-Xp-t]mse Apt]m-Ip-Ibpw Ahs Fm-hn-[-n-ep-ap kwi- b-
kYm \in-p-Ibpw D]-cyp--amb D]-tZ-i-a-\p-k-cnv
""]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c Bh-iy-amWv; At-ls \n-bambpw e_npw'' Fp ZrV-\n--bhpw Ah-\p-mIp-tm Ah Cu ico-c-n Pohn-p-sIm-p-Xs
]c-ta-iz-cs\ kmm-XvI-cnv Aa-c-\m-bn-o-cp-p. thZm- ns k\m-X-t\m-]-tZiw CXp am{X-am-Ip-p.
kw_w C\n ac-Wm-\--c-ap Pohm-m-hns KXn
hn--s-Sp- p.

16. iXw ssNIm N lrZ-bky \mUy-kvXmkmw

aq[m\ a`n\n: krssXIm
Xtbm[z-am-b--ar-X-Xz-taXn hnjz-\ym
DXv{I-atW `h-n.
lrZ-b-n \qn-sbmp {][m\ \mUnI Dv. Ah
Ahn-sS-\npw Fm `mK-tbvpw hym]n-p-In-S-p-p.
AXn kpjp-a v\-s b- p-] -d-b p Hcp \mUn lrZ-b n\npw akvX-I-n-te-bvp t]mbn-cn-p-p. `Khms ]c-a-[m-a-n-tebvp t]mtI Ah-Imin B
\mUn-b nqSn ico- c - n\npw shfn- b nhv
Ghpw Db temI- n `K-h ms ]c-a-[ m-a nsNv Aar-X-kz-cq-]\pw ]c-am-\--a-b-\p-amb ]c-taiz-cs\ {]m]n- p- p. ap Pohn- I ac- W- Im- ev ap \mUnI-fnqSn ico-c
- n \npw shfn-bnhv Ah-c-hcpsS I-pw hmk-\-Ipw A\p-k-cW
- -ambn
\m\m-tbm-\n-Isf {]m]n-p-p.

17. BwKp-jvT-am-{X:-]p-cptjmcmm
kZm P\m\mw lrZtb kn-hnjvSx
Xw kzm-co-cm-Xv{]-hr-tl-p-RvP m-Zn-th-joImw
ss[tcyW Xw hnZyp-p-{I-a-arXw
hnZym- p-{I-a-ar-X -an-Xn.
AJn- e-n-tbpw A-cym-an-bmb ]ca ]pcpj ]c-taiz-c lrZ-b
- n-\-\p-cq-]-ambn AwKpjvSam-{X-cq-]-n
kZm Fm a\p- jy-cp- tSbpw Dn \nh- kn-p- p, Fnepw
a\p-jy At-l -ns t\tc t\mp-p-t]m-ep-an-.
bmsXm-cp- {]am-Z-c-ln-X-\mbn At-ls {]m]n-p-Xn-\p km[-\-bn apgp-Ip-pthm Ah ico-c--\mb
B ]c- ta-iz-cs\ Cu ico- c-tm- sSmp Xs kzb- ambpw
AXp-t]m-se-Xs {]tXy-I-ambpw hne-- W-ambpw km[mcW Bfp-I ap- p- n\npw AXns \mcns\ {]tXyI-am-bn-m-Wp--Xp-t]mse ImWp-Ibpw thWw. AXm-bXv

67

I F{]-Imcw ap-p-n-ep \mcv ap-p-n-t\-m hne-

hn[n-Ifpw {]m]n-nv P\-\a

- -c-W--fn\np ap\pw
- Whpw {]tXy-I-X -bp-X
- p-am-bn-cn-p-pthm AtX Fm hnIm- c--fn\np cln-X\pw AXp-t]mse kYm
{]Imcw Xs B ico-c-hpw. Bm-hns Dn A[n-h- hnip--\p-ambn ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs\ {]m]n-p. am-sckn-p ]c-ta-iz-c B cn-t\-mfpw kYm Akm- nepw Cu Bym-nI hnZysb Cu hn[-n \Nn-tI[m-c- W-am-Ip- p. AXp- Xs hnip Aar-X-a-Ip-p. ChnsS X- n\p Xpeyw icn-p-icn a\-n-em-p-Ibpw {im-]qw
Cu hmIys ]p\- cm- hn-p- Xv D]- tZ-i-ns kam- AXns\ [cn-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm Ah\pw \Nn-tI-X-n]vX n-tbbpw AXp-t ]mse knm- -ns \nn-X- Xz- t\-tmse Fm hnIm-c--fn\npw cln-X\pw P\-\a
- -ctbpw kqNn-n-p-p.
W--fn\np ap-\p-am-bnv ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\
{]m]n-p-hm km[n-p-p.

18. arXyp-t{]mmw \Nn-tItXmY e_v[zm

hnZym-taXmw tbmK-hn[nw N Ir\w
{_ {]m]vtXm hnctPm`qZzn-ar-Xyp
ct\ymt]y hw tbm hnZ-[ym--ta-h.

C{]-Imcw ba-cm-P-\m D]-Zn-jSv -amb kakvX hnth-N\--tfbpw {im-]qmw tI-Xn-\p-tijw \Nn-tI-Xv

At-l-m ]d-b-s kq-hn-Zybpw tbmK-ns

imn- ] mTw
Hmw kl \mh-h-Xp. kl \u `q\-p. kl
hocyw Ic-hm-h-ssl. tXPkzn \mh-[o-X-a-kvXp. am
hnZznjm hssl. imnx imx imnx
CXns Aw D]-\n-j-ns Bcw-`-n sImSpn- p- v.

tIt\m-]-\n-jv

Cu D]-\n-jv kma-th-Z-nse ""Xe-h-Imc {_m

W''ns Hcp `mK-am-Ip-p. Xe-h-Im-cs ssPan-\o-tbm]-\n-jv Fp-IqSn ]d-bm-dp-v. Cu D]-\n-jv BZyw
""tI\'' F hmp-sImv Bcw-`n-p--Xn-\m CXn\v
tIt\m-]-\n-jv Fp t]mcp-h-p. CXns\ Xe-h-Im-tcm]-\n-jv ({_m--tWm-]-\n-j-v) Fp IqSn Nne hnfnp-p.

Hmw imnx imnx imnx

tl ]c-am-m-th, Fs Fm AwK-fpw hmWn,

t\{Xw, t{im{Xw apX-e mb Fm It-{n-b - fpw
mt\-{n-b-fpw {]mW-k-aq-lhpw imco-cn-Ihpw am\kn-I-hp-amb in-Ifpw HmPpw Fm ]pjvSnbpw AXpt]mse hrnbpw {]m]n--s. D]-\n-j-p--fn hn-s- n- cn-p k- cq-]-{_-s Rm Hcn- epw kzoItIt\m- ]- \n-j-n {_- X- Xz- s-n {]Xn-]m- Zn-pp. cn-m-Xn-cn--bn-. AXp-t]mse B {_hpw Fs HcnCu XXzw hni-Z-am-p--Xn\v Kpcp-injy kwhm-Z-cq-]-n epw ]cn-Xy-Pn-m-Xn-cn--s. Fs kZm-Im-ehpw kzXXz-sf hnh-cn-p-p.
am-n-o-s. Ftm-Sp-IqSn {_-n-tbpw {_tm-Sp-IqSn Ftbpw \nXy-k-w \ne-\n-s. D]imn- ] mTw
\n-j-p--fn GtXXp [--sf-n {]Xn-]m-Z\w sNHmw A]ym-bp aamw-Km\n hmIv {]mW--px- s-n-cn-p-pthm Ah-sbmw D]-\n-j
- ns GI-am{X
t{im-{X-atYm _e-an-{n-bmWn N khmWn; khw ey-amb ]c-{_--]-c-am-m-hn \nc-cw hym]r-X-ambn
{_u-]-\n-jZw amlw {_ \ncm-Ipcymw am am Fttm-ep km[-I
- m-cn kZm-Im-ehpw {]Iminp{_ \ncm-I-tcm-Xv, A\n-cm-I-c-Wa
- -kvXz-\n-cm-I-cWw sIm-n-cn-s; Fn \nXyhpw \nc--chpw Dm-bntakvXp; XZm\ n \nctX b D ]- \ n- j p sm-n-cn--s. Fs {Xnhn-[-Xm-]-pw imn- bp-m[mkvtX abn kp tX abn kp.
I-s.

68

I {]Y-a-JWvUw
kw_w injy Kpcp-tZ-h-t\mSp tNmZn-pp:

1. Hmw tIt\-jnXw ]XXn t{]jnXw a\:

tI\ {]mW: {]Y-ax-ss{]Xn bp:
tIt\-jnXmw hmN-anamw hZn
Npx t{im{Xw I D tZthm bp\-n.
Cu a{-n \mep tNmZy- AS-n-bn-cn-p-p.
PU-cq-]-amb Ax-Ic
- -Ww, {]mW, hmWn XpS-nb
It-{n-b
- pw Npv BZn-bmb mt\-{n-bpw AXm-Xn-t-Xmb Imcy- \S-p--Xn-\p
Ign-hp-I {]Zm\w sNbvXn-cn-p-Xpw AXp-Isf AXmXn-t-Xmb I--fn {]h\ \nc-X-am-n-sm-ncn-p-Xpw Bb GtXm k-i-n-a-mb tNX-\-bp-tm, AXv GXmWv? F-s\-bp--XmWv?
kw_w CXn\p adp-]-Sn-bmbn Kpcp ]d-bp-p.

2. t{im{Xky t{im{Xw a\tkm at\m b

ZzmtNm l hmNw k D {]mWky {]mW:
Np-j--p-c-Xn-apNy [ocm:
t{]Xymkvamtm-Im-Z-ar-Xm-`-h- n.
Cu a{- n Kpcp injys tNmZy-p kv]jvSamb adp-]Sn ]d-bmsX hmp-IsImp Imcyw {Kln-nm {ian--bm-W.v bmsXm-cp- a\-ntbpw {]mWtbpw kqt-{n-b- -fp-s Sbpw kakvX PK- ntbpw ]c-a-Im-c-W-\m-Ip-pthm bmsXm-cp--\n \npw
in {]m]n-nv Ch-sbmw AXm-Xn-t-Xmb {]h-\ \S- p- hm {]m]vX-cm- bn- cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cp-
Ch-sbmw Adn-bp--h\
- m-bn-cn-p-pthm Ah B ]c{_-]
- p-cp-tjm--a Xs CXn-s-sbmw t{]c-Ii
- -nbm-bn-cn-p-p. Ahs\ Adn-nv m\n-I- fm-bn-p--h
Poh-p--cmbn Cu temI-n \npw {]bmWw sNbvXtijw Aa-c-kz-cq-]-am-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNp-p. AXm-bXv
P\- \-a- c-W- -fn \npw \nXy- ambn tamN\w {]m]n-p- p.

Aeu-InI Znhy XXz--fn-tebvv Ah-bpsS {]th-i\w

Hcp Imepw kw`-hy-a-. ]nstbm Ah-bn IpSn-sImp tNX-\bpw {Inbm-i-nbpw AtX {_-ns
Xs t{]c-Wbpw inbpw BIp-p. C{]- Im-c-ap Ah- bn a\x--C-{n-b- apJm-ncw B {_w "Cs\'
D-Xm-sWv Bv Fs\ ]d-bp-hm Ignbpw? C{]Imcw {_-X-tXzm-]-tZ-i-ns kzcq]w \mw Bcn
\npw ]Tn-n-p-an; \mw kzbw kz_p-n-bpsS a\\w hgnbmbn {Kln-n-p-an-. GsXmcp alm-]p-cp-j-\n\npw Cu
KqV-X-Xz--fpsS D]-tZiw \app e`n-n-cn-p-pthm
Ah B ]c-{_--]-c-ta-iz-c PU-tN-X-\-Ip `n\m-sWp \mw {Kln-n-cn-p-p. Adn-b-s-Sp-n- S-tmfw
kw]q-P-U-h--fn\npw kYm `nhpw Cu
PU-hs Adn-bp-Ibpw Fm kzbw Adn-b-s-SmXn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp Pohm-m-hn-s\-m AXy-[nIw
D-ahpw BIp-p. C{]-Im-c-ap nXnv AXns
kzcq- ]-X-Xzs hmp-Ihgn hy-am-p-hm Hcn-epw
km[y-a-. CXp-sImp AXns\ {Kln-p--Xn\p kqN-\Isf B[m-c-am-t-- Xmbn hcpp (KoX 15-18).
kw_- w C\n AtX {_- s, {]iv\--fpsS ASn- m\-n hopw Ap a{- aqew a\-n-em-p-p.

4. bZzm-Nm-\`- yp-ZnXw tb\ hmK-`yp-ZytX

XtZh {_ Xzw hnn t\Zw bZn-Z-ap-]m-k-tX.
bmsXmv hmp-I-fm hy-am-p-hm km[n-ppthm AXp-t]mse {]mIr-X-hm-Wn- bn ]d-s-n-p XXz-fm D]m-kn--s-Sp-pthm AXv {_-ns hmkvXhnI cq]w BIp-n-. {_-XXzw hmp-Ipw AXo-Xam-Ip-p. bmsXmcp in-bpsS Awiw-sImv hmWn-bn
kwkm-c-in {]I-S-am-Ip- p-thm, bmsXmv hmWn-bptSbpw mXmhpw t{]c-Wbpw {]h-\hpw Bbn-cn- ppthm AXp {_-am-Ip-p. B hnj-b
- n tIhew
C{Xbpw am{Xta ]d-bp-hm km[n-p-I-bp-q.

5. b-\km \ a\ptX tb\m-lpt\m aXw

XtZh {_ Xzw hnn t\Zw bZn-Z-ap-]m-k-tX.

kw_w B a\-nepw {]mW-\nepw C{n-b

- -fnepw
t{]c-Ws
- N-ep-p {_w C-s\-bpXmIp-p. C{]Imcw Akv]-jSv - cq]w Fp-sIm-mWv? CtX-n Kpcp ]dbp-p.

_pn-bp-tSbpw a\-n-tbpw hnj-b-n Fsmw

Adn-bp-hm Ign- bp-pthm AXp-t]mse {]mIrX at\m-_pn-bn \npw Adn-n-p-- Xmb GsXmcp XXzs D]mkn-p-pthm AXp {_-ns hmkvX-hn-I-kz-cq-]-am-Ipn-. ]c-{_--]-c-ta-iz-c a\-n\pw _pnpw kYm
3. \ X{X NpK-Xn \ hm-Xn t\m a\x
AXo-X-\m-Ip-p. bmsXmp a\-n-tbpw _pn-bp-tSbpw
\ hnZvtam \ hnPm-\otam bssY-XZ- -\p-in-jymXv mXm-hm-Ip-pthm Ahbvp a\\w sNp--Xn\pw
A\y-tZh XZzn-Zn-Xm-ZtYm Ahn-Zn-Xm-Z[n
\nbw sNp--Xn-\p-ap in \Ip-pthm AXpt]mse a\-\hpw \n-bhpw sNp--Xn \nbp--am-bnCXn ip{ipa ]qtjmw
tb\-k vX-Zvh ym-N-N- n-t c. cn- p- pthm bmsXm- ns in-b psS Aev] mw-i B kn-Zm- \ ]c- a-L\ ]c-{_-s {]mIr-X--fmb n\npw _pn-bn \nbw sNp--Xn\pw a\-n
Ax-Ic
- -W-pw C{n-b-pw Adn-bp-hm Ign- a\\w sNp--Xn-\p-ap Ign-hp-m-Ip-pthm AXt{X
- n C{X-am-{Xta ]d-bp-hm-\p-q.
bp-n-. Ahbvv Ahn-Sw-hsc Fp-hm Ign-hn-. B {_w. B hnj-b

69

6. b-pjm \ ]iyXn tb\ Npwjn ]iyXn

XtZh {_ Xzw hnn t\Zw bZn-Z-ap-]m-k-tX.

kmt-Xn-I-`m-j-bn {Kln-p--Xn-\p-thn ChnsS Kpcp,

AJn-e-n-tbpw mXm-hv, in-{]-Zm-b-I, kzman,
t{]c- I , {]h- I , k- i - n- a m, \nXy
Ip-I-fpsS hnjbw Ip-I apJm-ncw ImWp- Fsmw A{]m-Ir-X-]-c-a-X-Xz-amb {_-s-n ]d-pIbpw Adn-bp- Ibpw sNp-Xpw D]m- k\ \S-p--Xp-amb X-n-cn-p- p.
{]mIrX ]Zm-k
- -bw. AXp {_-ns hmkvX-hnI-cq-]w BIp-n-. ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c Np-cmZn C{n- ZznXob JWvUw
b-pw AXo- X- \m-Ip- p. bmsXm-ns inbpw t{]c1. bZn a\ytk kpth-tZXn Z{`-ta-hm]n
W-bpw-sImp Npv BZn-bmb mt\- {n- b- X\q\w Xzw th {_tWm cq]w
fpsS hnj-b - -fn kmayw {]I-Sn- n- p-pthm
bZky Xzw bZky tZth-jzY \p
bmsXmv Ahsb Adn-bp-Ibpw Ahsb AXm-Xp-I-fpsS
aoamwkytah tX at\y hnZo-Xw.
hnj- b- Adn-bp--Xn t{]cW sNep-p- Ibpw sNppthm AXp-t]mse bmsXm-ns in- bpsS Awi-amCu a{- n Kpcp Xs injys\ {i-tbm-Sp-IqSn
Ip-pthm B {]`mhw {_-am-Ip-p. Cu hnj-b
- n hon- p-sImp ]d-bp-p. \mw apJm-ncw a\-n-em-nC{X-am-{Xta ]d-p-X-cp-hm kmy-am-Ib
- p-q.
{_-X-Xzs {ihn-n- v. B {_s ]q-ambpw

{Kln-p-I-gnp Fp \o Xocp-am-\n-p-I-bm-sW-n \o
{_- kz-cq-]s Ghpw Aev]-ambn am{Xta {Kln- n- pq
FXp Xo- bmb kwK- Xn-bm-Ip-p. Fp-sIm-s- m
B ]c-{_-
- ns Awi-`q-X-am-bn-cn-p Pohm-m-hv,
bmsXmv {ih-W-]p-S--fp eo-`-hn-p-pthm AXn-s\--sbpw AYhm Fm tZh-X-I-fnepw AXmbmsXmcp {]mIr-X-hk
- X
v p-k-aq-l-m D]m-k\ sN-s- bXv a\-v, _pn, {]mW apX-em-b-hb
- n Aeo-\-amSp-pthm AXv hmkvX-h-n {_-kz-cq-]-am-Ip-n-. ]c- bn-cn-p {_-ns Awiw-sImv AXm-Xp-Ip
{_--]-c-ta-iz-c t{imt{X-{n-b--fpsS mXmhpw t{]c- {]hnp--Xn-\p Ign-hp-I Dm-bn-sm-n-cn-pI\pw AXn {ih-Wi
- n kzoI-cn-p--Xn-\p Ign- p. AXns\ \o {_w Fp Icp-Xp-I-bmsWn \ns
hns \nt- ]-I\pam-bn-cn-p-pthm AXp kmm ]c- Adnhp bYm-am-Ip-n-. {_lvaw C{X-bn HXp-n{_-a
- m-Ip-p. Cu hnj-bs kw_-nv CXn IqSp- \np-n-. Cu Pohm- m- hnepw kakvX hniz-{_-m- X-embn Hpw ]d-bp-hm-\n-.
nepw hym]n-p-I n-S-p in-sbmw GtIm-]np
t\mp-I-bm-sW-n AXv B {_-ns tIhew
8. bXv {]mtW\ \ {]mWnXn tb\ {]mW:
Hcwiw am{Xta BIp-p-q. AXn-\m \o a\-n-em-n{]Wo-btX
bn-cn-p Cu {_-XXzw \ns kw_- n-n-S-tmfw
XtZh {_ Xzw hnn t\Zw bZn-Z-ap-]m-k-tX.
]p\hn-Nm-cW sNt-Xp Bh-iy-amWv Fp Rm
{]mW aqew tNjvSm-bp--amb hkvXp--tfbpw Icp-Xp- p.
{]mIr-X- {]m-W-\m A\p-{]m-Wn-X- amb XXz--tfbpw D]mkw_- w Kpcp-tZ-hs D]-tZ-is ASn-m-\-amn
k\ sNp-Xp hmkvX-h-n {_-ns kzcq-]-a-.
Nnn-nv injy At- l-ns apn Xs A`n-{]mbw
]c- {_ ]c-ta-i z- c Ah-b vs mw AXo-X -\ -t {X.
{]I- S-am-p-p.
bmsXmp {]mWs mXmhpw t{]c-I\pw AXn\p
in \Ip--h\pw BIp-pthm bmsXm-ns in2. \mlw at\y kpth-tZXn
bpsS Aev]mwiw e`n-n-,v bmsXm-ns t{]c-W-sImv
t\m \ thtZXn thZ N
Cu {][m\ {]mW AJn-e -tbpw tNjvS m-b p- tbm \ kvXtZzZ XtZzZ
amnop-pthm AXp k-i--\mb ]c-ta-izc
t\m \ thtZXn thZ N.
{_-am-Ip-p. AXns\ kw_-nv C{Xbpw am{Xta ]dbp-hm Ign-I-bp- q.
Cu a{-n injy Xs Kpcp-tZ-hs D]-tZ-in\npw
kzw A\p-`hw C{]-Imcw {]I-S-am-p-p.
kmcmwiw Fs-m {]mIr-X--fmb a\- n\pw C{nb-pw e`y-am-Ip hnj-b--sfmw {]mIr-X--fm-Ip- ""B {_s Rm \mbn Adn-bpp Fv Ah-Im-ip. AXm-bXv Ahsb ]c-{_ ]c-ta-izc ]cm-Xv]-c-]p-cp- s-Sp-n; Fm AXns\ Rm\-dn-bp-n-spw AwKotjm--as hmkvX-hn-I-kz-cq-]--fmbn AwKo-Ic
- n-p- I- c n- p- n- . Fp- s Im- s - m Rm\-d n-b p-I bpw
hm km[y- ta- b-. AXn-\m Ahsb D]m-kn-p-Xp ]c- sNpp Fn- cp- mepw Fs Cu Adnhv Hcp mXmhv
{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs D]m-k-\bpw BIp-n-. a\-v, _pn GsX-nepw tb-h-kvXp-hns\ Adn-bp--Xp-t]m-ep--XapX- em-bh
- -bv-Xo-X- amb ]c-{_ ]c-ta-izc kzcq-]s . CXv AXn- t\-m kYm A]qhpw Aeu- In-Ihpw

7. b-tdm-t{XW \ irtWmXn tb\

t{im{X-anZw {ipXw
XtZh {_ Xzw hnn t\Zw bZnZ ap]m-ktX

70

I BIp-p. AXp-sIm-mWp Rm BZyw ""Rm\-Xns\ Adnbpp Fpw Adn-bp-n Fpw Fnepw Rm\-dn-bpp''
Fpw ]d--Xv. Fs Cu hmp-I-fpsS clkyw injym-cmb R-fn B {_s Adn- n-p--h \p
icnp a\-n-em-p-hm km[n-p-p.
kw_w C\n {ipXn apIfn ]d Kpcp-in-jy-kwhm-Z-ns Bibw kzbw hymJym-\n-p-p.

kw_w C\n B {_-X-Xzs CtX P-n Adnn-cn- t-Xv AXyw Bh- iy- am-Ipp Fp ]d-psImv Cu {]I-c-Ws D]-kw-l-cn-p-p.

5. Cl tNZ-thZo ZY-kX
- yakvXn
\ tNZn-lm-th-Zo--lXo hn\jvSn:
`qtXjp `qtXjp hnNnXr [ocm:
t{]Xym-k vam-tm-Im-Z-arXm `h-n.

3. bkym aXw Xky aXw aXw bky

\ thZ k:
Ahn-mXw hnPm-\Xmw hnm-Xa-hn-Pm-\ -X mw.

am\-h-Po- hnXw AXyw Zp- `- am-Ip- p. AXp e`n- p

a\p- jy ]c- am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p--Xn\p km[-\-I-fn
X-c-\m-bn-o-cp-n-s-n Ah Ghpw hep-Xmb
sXp {]hn- p-p. AXp-sIm-mWp {ipXn-bn ]d-bpbmsXmcp alm-]p-cp-j ]c- {_--]- c-ta-iz-cs kmm- -Xv, "Cu Zp-`-amb a\p-jy-i-cocw \ne-\np--Xp-hsc
Xvmcw {]m]n-n-cn-p-pthm Ah-\n "Rm ]c-ta-iz- `K-h-XvIr]m ISm--m {]m]vX-am-bn-cn-p km[\
cs\ Adn-n-cn-pp Fp Al-mcw Aev]-am{Xw kma-{Kn- I D]-e-_v[-am- bn-cn- p-tm F{Xbpw thKw ]ct]mepw Dm-Ip-n-. Ah ]c-am-m-hns A\-hpw am-m-hns\ Adn-bp-Xp Fm {]Im-c-nepw t{ijvT-am- bpw AXp-XAko-ahpw Bb aln-am-h-n \na--\mbn "]c-am- bn-cn-pw. am\-h-P--ns ]c-a-km-IX
sb
mI
p
p.
Hcp
]t
Cu
kphmh
k
cw ssIhn-pmhp kzb-tah Xs Adn-b-s-Spp' Fp a\-n-emt]mI
b
ms
W
n
]noSp
kw`h
n
p
Xp
alm\m-i-am-bnp-p. AmsX ampw Xs B alm-h
- ns
cnpw XpS-bmbpw arXyp-a-b-kw-km-c-ns {]hml
Ac IS-p-hm km[y-a-. Ako-a-bpsS koasb koamfn HgpIn \S-t-- Xmbpw hcp-p. Atm Icp
_--am-b-Xn\v Fs\ {]m]n-m Ignbpw? AXm-bXv
]mm]w {]I- S n- n- p-I -b - msX ap bmsXmcp
Rm {_s Adn-n-cn-p-p. Rm m\n-bm-Ipt]mwhgnIfpw Ahtijn-pn. {]]ns {Xnhn[
p, ]c-ta-iz-c F\ndnb-sp Ignp Fv BscXm]--fnepw {Xnhn[ thZ-\Ifnepw \np c- -Sp--Xnnepw Icp-Xp-p-s- n Ah kYm {`a-n AI\p Hcp Hcp t]mwhgn Pohn-I am\-h-P--n Z-Xs-pIgnncn-p-p. Fp-sIm-s-m {_w C{]tbm-Sp-IqSn km[\ ]cm-b-Wc
- mbn X-fpsS Pohs\ \nXyIm-c-ap m\-hn-j-b-a-. F{Xtbm m\ km[-\-I
X-bn-tep thn k^e-am-n- opI F-Xm-Wv. a\pDv. Ah-bn Hn\p-t]mepw {_-ns kao-]v
jy-Pw IqSmsX ap A\-h[n tbm\nIsfmw-Xs
Fp--Xn\v km[n-p-n-. AXp-sImv C{]-Imcw
I- ^-e- A\p-`h
- n-p--Xn-\mbn am{Xw {]m]vX- am-IpAdnhp km-Zn--hsc kw_-n-n-Stmfw ]c-am-mhp
p. Ah-bn Pohn-Ip ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p--XnkZm Am-X-am-Ip-p. Adn- b-W-sa-p A`n-am\w \ne- \p bmsXmcp km[-\-Ifpw A\p-jvTn-p-hm km[y-a\np--Xp-hsc ]c-ta-iz-cs kmmXvImcw e`yam-Ip- . _pn-am-m-cmbh Cu kwKXn a\-n-em-p-Ibpw
n-. Adn-bW
- -sa-p A`n-am\w Aev]-am{Xw t]mep-an- Ah AXnqSn ]c- am-m- hns kmm-XvImcw {]m]nv
m `mKy-hm-m-cmb alm-]pcpjmp ]c-ta-iz-cs Fs-t-p-ambn P\\ acW N{I-n\npw tamN\w
kmm-Xvmcw e`yam-Ip-p.
t\Sn Aa-c-m-cm-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNp-p.

4. {]Xn-t_m-[-hn-ZnXw aX-a-ar-XXzw ln hntX

B\m hntX hocyw hnZybm hn-tX-arXw.
D]-cyp--amb h-\-n ]c-am-m-hns GXp
kzcq-] s ey-a m- n-b m-b n-c n- p- pthm AXns\
Ghpw \mbn a\-n-em-p--Xm-Ipp hmkvX-hn-I-amb
m\w. Xzmcm ]c-am--{]m-]X
v nbpw e`y-am-Ip-p. ]c-am-m\ {]Zm- bn- \n-bmb m\-cq- ]-in A- cym- an- bmb
]c-am-m-hn-\m a\p-jyp e`n-p-p. a{--fnepw
hnZy-I-fnepw \nv Aar-X-cq-]a
- m-Ip ]c-{_--ns
{]m]vX n e`n- p- p. Xqew a\p-j y- c n ]c-{ _
]pcptjm-as bYm kzcq-]s Adn-bp- -Xn- \p
A`n-cp-Nnbpw Dm-lhpw hn-p-sIm-n-cnpw Fp
]d-b-s-n- cn-p- p.

XrXo-b -JWvU w
kw_w {]Ya JWvU-n {_-ns kzcq-]XXzw a\-n-em-p--Xn-\p-thn AXns in-bpsS
kmt-XnI `mj-bn hn`n {]Im- c-n ZnKvZi\w sNs-n-cn-p-p. cm-as JWvU-n {_-m-\ns t{ijvT- X- sb-n ]d-bp--Xn-\p-thn {]Y-a-{]-I-cW-ns h-\-I-tfmSv H-t\m-
- n {_-ns
kzcq]w Fns\ tXm-s-Sp-pthm hmkvX-h-n
AXns ]q-cq]w A{X-bvsmpw Bbn-cn-p-n;
AXm-Is AXns aln-a-bpsS Awiw am{Xta BIp-pq. Pohm-m-hv, a\-v, {]mW, C{n-b
- apX-em-bhbpw Ah-bpsS tZh-X-Ifpw Fmw-Xs {_-n

71

I \npw A\p-{]m-Wn-Xhpw t{]cn-Xhpw in-apw Bbn

Imcy-am{X {]k---fmbn hn-p-p.
aqm-as JWvU-n hniz-n GtXXp PohnItfm ]Zm-tfm in-apw kp-chpw {]nb-s-Xp-ambn tXmp-p-thm, Ah-bpsS Pohn-X-n ImW-sSp k^-e-X-Is
- fmw Xs aln-X-s-bm-Ip-p-shp
ZrjvSm-- aqew {Kln-n-p-p.

1. {_l tZtht`ym hnPntKy Xky l {_

tWm hnPtb tZhm Aa-lo-b X
sF- mkvam
Ita-hmbw hnPtbm kvamIta-hmbw
aln-ta-Xn.

Cu Imcy-km-y-n\v An Ign-hp--h-\m-sWp Iv
At- l- tmSp ]dp: "Atbm PmX- th- Zm, Ap t]mbn
B bw Bcm-sW-p hnhcw Adn-p-sIm-p-h-mepw.'' Anp Xs _pn-i-n-bn A]m-c-amb Kpm-bn-cp-p. AXp-Im-cWw Atlw ]d-p, "\-Im-cyw,
Rm\p-S Xs hnhcw Adn-p-h-cmw.'

4. XZ-`y-{Z-hXv Xa-`y-h-ZXv tImkoXy-nhm

Al-a-kvao-Xy-{_-ho-m-X-thZm hm
Al-k va o-Xn.
CXn FmWp {]bm-k-ap--sXv An-tZ-h
Nnn-p. AXn-\m Atlw AXn-thKw b-ns
kao-]p sNp-tNp. At-ls Xs kao]w
Inp bw tNmZn-p. ""Am-cm- Ipp?'' Atm An
hnNm-cnp; Fs tXtPm-a-b-cq-]s Fm-hcpw Adn-bp-Xm-Wsm? Ch-\-s\ Fs Adn-bp-hm Ign-n-n. Atlw sNmSn-p-sIm-p-cw ]d-p. ""Rm {]kn-\mb An-bm-Ip-p. Fs ]Z-hn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw clky-]q-hp-amb \maw PmX-th-Z Fm-Ip-p.

]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a tZh-m-cn Ir]-bp--h-\mbnv Ahp in {]Zm\w sNbvXp. AXp ImcWw Ah

Akp-c- m-cpsS ta hnPbw hcn-p. Cu hnPbw hmkvXh-n `K-hm-t-Xp-X-s-bm-bn-cp-p. tZh-X-I tIhew
\nanw am{Xta Bbn-cp-p-q. Fm B hkvXpX
tZh-m AwKo-I-cn-n-. Ah `K-hms Ir]sb AwKoI-cn-msX B aln-asb X-fpsS Ignhpw aln-abpw kw_w Atm b- cq-]-amb {_w An-tbmSp
Fp Icp-Xnbpw AXyw Al-m-c-tm-Sp-IqSn X tNmZnp
henb _e- im-en- I-fm- sWpw X-fp-tS- Xmb _e-]u-cpjw
5. Xkvan-kvXzbn Inw hocy-an-Xn. A]oZw kw
sImmWv Akp-c -msc ]cm-P-b -s-Sp- n-b -sXpw
Ztl-bw, bZnZw ]rYn-hym-an-Xn.
`mhn-p.
An-bpsS Ktmn tInp {_w Hpw Adn-p2. Xssjw hnPvu tXt`ym l
Iq-Sm--X- h-s\-tmse ]dp "\-Xv. Av An-tZ-h{]mZp_-`qh
Xbpw PmX-th-Z\pw BW-tm. hfsc \ Imcyw. Fm
X hyPm-\X InanZw b-an-Xn.
F\np Nne-sXmw Adn-b-W-sa-p-v. Zb-hp-sNbvXp ]dtZh- X-I-fpsS Al-m- cs Icp- Wm-\n-[n-bmb `K-hm p-X-m sImmw.'. ""\n-fn Fp in-bm-Wpa\-n-em-n. Cu Almcw hf-cp-I-bm-sW-n Ah-cpsS Xv? \nsp sNm Ignbpw?'' CXn\v An-tZ]X\w Xo-bmbpw kw`-hnpw F `-Ie
- ym-W-Im-cn- h Ktm-Sp-IqSn adp-]Sn ]dp F\n-s-p-sN-pbmb `K-hm hnNm-cn-p. `-h--e-\mb `K-hm\p `- hm Ign-bp-satm? CX-dn-bp-hm \n-fm-{K-ln-p-p,
m-cpsS ]X\w Fs\ kln- p-hm Ignbpw? AXn-\m As? tl' Rm a\p hbvp-I-bm-sW-n Cu `qa`K-hm tZh-m-cn Icp-W-bp--h\
- mbn Ah-cpsS Zw WvU-e-tbpw AXn-ep Fm hkvXp--tfbpw Icnp
ian-n-p--Xn-\p-thn Ah-cpsS apn Znhy-km-Im-c-b- Nmq-m-c-ambn amp-hm Ign-bpw.
- cq-]-n {]Xy--\m-bn. tZh-m B-cy-N-In-X-cm-bn.
B ApX hnim-e-cq-]s ImWp-Ibpw Cu Znhy-bw
Fv Fp Nnn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fm Ahv
AXns\ Xncn--dn-bp-hm Ign-n-.

3. tXna{_p-h-RvPm-Xt- hZ GXZv hnPm-\oln

InanZw b-anXn XtY-Xn.

6. Xkvssa XrWw \nZ-[m-th-X--tl-Xn.

XZp-] -t{]- b m-b -k
Pth-\, X iimI ZKv[pw kXX Gh \nhr
tX, ss\X-Z-iIw hnmXpw btZ-XZv
b-an-X n.

An-tZ-h-X-bpsS hop-ap Ktm-n-I tItZh- m B AXn-hn-N n{X alm-Im-b-amb Znhy-b - tm b-cq-]-[m-cn-bmb ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c At-ls Inv B-cn-I-ambn `b-s-Sp-Ibpw AXns\ ns apn-tebvv Hcp DW--pv Cp-sIm-Sp-pAdn-bp--Xn\p hy{K-cm-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. An-tZ- sImp ]dp ""Atbvv Fm-n-t\bpw Zln-nhX ]c-a-tX-P-kznbpw thZm-- fpsS mXmhpw Fm p- h m Ign- b p- a - s m. \nm- c - a mb Hcp _e- { ]PmX-]-Zm-fp- tSbpw hnhc Adn-bp- -h\pw k- tbmKwsImv Cu XrWs Pzen-n-m-epw.'' An-tZ-h
-cn k-\pw BWv. AXn-\m At-l
- ns CXp X\n-sm-c-]- am-\-am-bn- -cp- Xn-sb-nepw km[m-cW coXn]Z-hn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb \maw "PmX- th- Z' Fm-Ip-p. tZh- I bn B ]pns kao]w Fn AXns\ `kva-am-p--

72

I Xn-\m-{K-ln-p. Bcw-`-n AXp `kva-am-Im-Xn-cp--Xp-Iv X-s-bt? hfsc \ Imcyw. Fm A-bn FpK

Atlw Xs kIe inbpw hn\n-tbm-Kn-p. ]s
AXn\v Aev]w-t]mepw NqSv Gev]n-p-hm-\-t-l-n\p Ignn-. AsX-s\ NqSp-]n-Snpw? An-bn-ep AnXzhpw Zml-I-Xzhpw AXns in-bpsS aqe-`W
- vUm-Km-camb ]c-am-m-hn\npw e`y-am-bn-p--Xm-W-sm. AhnSpv B in-t{km-X-ns\ XS-bp-I-bm-sW-n ]ns
FhnsS \np in-hcpw? An-tZ-h CsXmpw {KlnmsX hon-f- p-I-bm-bn-cpp sNbvX-Xv. Fm {_w
Xs insb XS-p-Ig- n--tm Anv Hcp DW-p-n-s\-tmepw Icn-p-hm km[n-n-. Atm ebm Ip\n inc- p-ambn lX- {]-\pw lX- {]- `- \p-ambn
An tZh-I-fpsS ASp- sNnp ]d-p. ""B bw
Bcm-sWv F\n--dn-bp-hm Ign-n-.''

in-bpv? Atbvv Fp sNp-hm Ignbpw?

Fp ]dp tIn-m sImmw. CXn\v hmbphpw
An-tb-tmse hopw Al-m-c-tm-Sp-IqSn adp-]Sn
]dp ""Rm hnNm-cn-m Cu `qa-WvU-esbpw
AXn-ep kI-e-tbpw bmsXm-cm-[m-chpw IqSmsX
Dbp-Ibpw ]d-p-Ibpw sNmw.''

10. Xkvssa XrWw \nZ-[m-th-X-Zm-Z-tz-Xn. XZp]t{]bmb k-P-th\ X iim-Im-Zm-Xpw, k

XX Gh \nh-hr-tX, ss\XZiIw hnPvRmXpw
btZ-XZv b an-Xn.

hmbp-tZ-hs hop-ap Ktm-n-I tIv Fmn\pw kmb in \In-sm-n-cn-p ]c-{_

]c- ta-iz-c At- l-ns ap]nepw Hcp DW--pv Cp7. AY hmbp-a-{_p-h hmb-th-XZv
sIm-Sp-p-sImp ]d-p. ""Atbvv Fm-n-t\bpw
hnPm-\oln Inta
]d-n--f-bp-hm Ign-bp-a-tm. Aev]w _ew {]tbm-Knv
XZv b-anXn XtY-Xn.
Cu DW--p-ns\ Aev]w ]d-X-n-m-Wn-m \m-bnAn-tZ-h ]cm-P-bs
- p aS-n-h--tm tZh-I cp-p.''hmbp-tZ-h\v Cu hmp-I Xs A]-am-\n-p-ICu Imcy-km-y-n-\mbn A{]-Xn-a-i-n-bmb hmbp-`-K- bm-sWp tXmn. Fnepw km[m-c-W-co-Xn-bn B
hms\ Xnc- s-Sp- nv At-l- tmSp ]d-p. ""Atbm ]pns kao]w sNv AXns\ ]d-p--Xn\v B{K-lnhmbp-tZh! Ap-t]mbn Cu bw Bcm-sW-p Fm- p. ]pp ]d- m-Xn-cp- -tm Xs ]q-amb in hn\nhn-h-c-fpw Adnp hm-epw. ""hmbp `K-hm\pw Xs tbm-Knp ]cn-{i-an-p-t\mn. Fm k-i-n-am-\mb
_pn-ssh-`-h-n Aan-X-amb Al-m-c-ap-m-bn-cp-p. ]c-am-m-hn-\m in XS-b-s--Xp-Im-cWw hmbp-hn\v
AXn-\m Atlw ]dp ""\ Imcyw. DS Xs Aev] w-t]mepw AXp Nen- n- p- -X n\p Ign- n- .
Rm hnh-c-a-dn-bmw.''
hmbphpw An-sb-tmse Xs lX-{]-`\
- m-bn, esImv
apJw
Xmgv

n,
ap
tZhX
I
f
psS
kao]-sa-n-bnp
8. XZ-`y-{Z-hXv Xa-`y-h-ZXv tImkoXn. hmbphm
]d-p. ""Cu b-am- cm-sWp a\- n-em- p-hm F\np
Al-a-kvao-Xy-{_-ho- m-Xc
- nizm hm
Ign-n-.''

Al-a -k va o- Xn.

hmbp-tZ-h Nnn-p, ""An, Adn-bmsX FhnsSsb

nepw t]mbn-cn-pw. As-n Cu bs a\-n-emp-Xv A{X-h-enb kwK- Xn-bm-bn-cptm? icn, Cu hnPb-ns am\yX F\np Xs e`n-pw.'' Cs\ Nnnp-sImp b- ns kao- ]-sa- n- tp. At-ls
kao- ]p I-tm bw tNmZnp ""Xm BcmWv?''
hmbp Xs KpW-Ku-ch
-
- -fpsS Ktm-Sp-IqSn adp-]Sn
]dp: ""Rm {]kn--\mb hmbp BIp-p, Fs ]Zhn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw cl-ky-]q-hp-amb t]cv amX-cnizm
Fm-W.v

11. AtY-{-a-{_p-h aL-h -t-X Zv hnPm-\ oln

Inta-XZv b-an-Xn. XtYXn XZ-`y-{Z-h-Xv. XkvamXv
XntcmZt[.

An, hmbp apX-emb A{]-Xn-a-i-n-Ifpw _pn-k--m-cp-amb tZh-m Ak-^-e-cmbn aS-n-h-cn-Ibpw

bmsXmcp Imc-Whpw ]d-bm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvX -tm
tZh-X-I Nnn- nv tZh-cm- P-\mb C{s\ Cu Imcy-ns
\n-l -W - n-\mbn sXcsSp-p. Ah At-ltmSp ]d-p ""Atbm alm-_-eh
- m-\mb tZh-cmPm!
C\n Av t]mbn Cu bw Bcm-sW-p kIe hnhc-fpw Adnp hm-epw. At-b
v -msX ampw
kw_w b-c q-] n-b mb {_w hmbp-h n-t\mSp
Cu Imcy-n hnP-bw-h-cn-p-hm km[y-a-.'' C{
tNmZnp
""hfsc \Xv'' Fp ]dv AXn-thKw b- ns kao9. Xkvanw-kvXzbn Inw hocy-anXn? A]oZw k ]-t-bvp-t]m-bn. C{ AhnsS Fn-b-tm-tgbvpw
bw At-l-ns apn \np ad-p-I- gn- n-cp-p.
amZ-Zo-bw, bZnZw ]rYn-hym-an-Xn.
C{-t\mSp ap tZh-X-I-tfm-Sp--Xnepw _lp-am-\-ap-m-bnhmbp-hns ta{]-Im-c-ap Ktmn tInv {_w cp--Xp-sImv At-l-tmSp kwkm-cn-p-hm-\p AhCt- l- tmSpw AXp- t]m-se- Xs Hpw Adn-p- Iq-Sm kcw t]mepw bw sImSp-n-. Fm C{ Cu
`mh-n ]d- p. sImmw, Av hmbp-tZ-h-\m-Wsm? Hcp tZmjw Hgn-m asm hn[- nepw {_- m-\-n\v
A-co--n B[m-c-an-msX k-cn-p--h Ap- A[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp-p. AXn-\m At-l-n\p {_-X-Xz-

73

I m-t\m-]tZiw \evtI-Xv Hcp Bh-iy-amWv Fp IcpXn, AXn-\p hyh--I sNp--Xn-\mbn Atlw

kzbw A[m\w sNbvXp.

12. k Xkv a n- t - h mImti kv { Xnbam PKm- a _plptim`am \mapamw ssla- h Xow Xmw
tlmhmN Inta-XZv b-an-Xn.
bw Am\w sNbvXp Ignnpw C{ AhnsS-s \np-I-bm-bn-cp-p. An-tbtbm hmbp-hnt\tbm t]mse Ahn- s S- \ npw aS- n-t m- I p- n- .
XWw bw \nn-cp AtX m\v AXyw
tim`m-a-bn-bmb lnam-Ne Ipamcn Dam-tZhn {]Xy--s-p.
\np--Xmbn C{ Ip. Dam-tZ-hnsb I-tm
C{ tZhn-bpsS kao-]-tbvp sNp. C{-t\mSp IcpW-tXm- n, Icp-Wm- a-b-\mb ]c-{_ ]pcp- tjm- -a Xs
Dam-cq-]-n-ep kmm {_-hn-Zysb {]Xy--s-Spn- b-Xm-bn-cp-p. C{ `n- ]p-c-cw Ah- tcmSp ]dp
""`K-hXn! Av k intcm-a-Wn-bmb Cuiz-c
{ioics kzcq-]-i-n-bm-Ip-p. AXn-\m Fm kwKXn-I-tfbpw Xo-bmbpw Adn-bp-hm Ign-bpw. Ap
Ir]m- ]qw FtmSv Acp-fn- s- bX
v m-epw. ""F\nv Zi\w
\In-bnv Av DS ad-p-t]mb B Znhy-bw BcmsWpw Fp-t-i-tm-Sp-IqSn {]Xy-- s-p-shpw ]db- tW.''

am-\zn-Xcpw in-am-m-cp-ambn `hn-pthm B ]cm-i-nbpsS aln-asb Adn-p-sIm-p-hn. {_-ns inbm-e

- m-sX, X-fp-tS-Xmb kzX{ in-bm Fsnepw sNp-hm Ignbpw Fp kz]v\-nt]mepw
Nnn-p-t]m-I -c pXv! Dam-tZ-h n-b psS adp-] -Sn-bn\np
kmm ]c-{_--]-c- ta-iz- cX-s- bm-bn-cpp X- fpsS
apn b-cq-]-n {]Xys--sXp tZh-m-cn
{]Y-a-\mb C{\p a\-n-em-bn.

2. XkvamZzm GtX tZhm AXn-X -c m-an-h m-\ ym-

tZhm bZKv\ nhm-b p-c n-{ kv tX tly\-t ZnjvTw ]kv]ipkvtX tly\Xv {]Ytam hnZm-Imc {_t-Xn.
tZh-X-I-fn An, hmbp, C{ Chsc ]c-a-t{i-jvTm-cmbn IW-m-- Ww. Fp-sIm- s- m Ah aqpt]cpw {_s kv]inp Ign-n-cn-p-p. ]c-{_
]c-am-m-hn Zi-\-n-tbpw At-ls ]cn-Nb
- -sSp--Xn-\p ]cn-{i-a-n apgp-In-bn-cp--Xntdbpw Atl- tmSp hmm-em]w sNbvXXntbpw ]ca ku`mKyw
Ahp am{Xw e`y-am-bn. X bmsXm1-ns\ Zinpthm bmsXm- n- t\mSp hmm- em]w \S- ntbm bmsXmns in-bm Xkp-cp-m-cp-sS-ta hnPbw ssIh-cnpthm AXp-Xs kmm ]c-{_-]
- -c-am-mhv F
kXyw Ah BZyw {Kln-p.

kmcmwisas-m ku`m-Ky-im-en-If
- mb alm-]p-cpj-m GsX- nepw Imc-W-h-i m `K-h ms Znhy-k1. km {_tXn tlmhm-N. {_tWm hm GX w e`y-am-p-p. At-l-ns Zi-\w, kv]i-\w,
ZznPtb alo-b-[z-an-Xn, XtXm sslh hnZzm-- At-l-tmSp hmm-em]w sNp--Xn-\p Ah-kcw
Imc {_t-Xn.
Ch-sbmw Ahp Inp-p. Cu a{-n At-ltZh- cm-Ps tNmZy- n-\p--c-am- bnv Dam- tZhn C{]- Imcw ns alna C{m-Zn-tZ-h-m-cpsS DZm-l-c-Ww-sImp
adp-]Sn ]d-p. ""\n IXpw Ctm Am\w hy-am- n-bn-cn-p- p.
sNbvXX
- p-amb B Znhy-bw kmm ]c-{_ ]c-ta- kw_w Cu aqp-tZ-h-X-If
- n An-tbbpw hmbpiz-c Xs Bbn-cp-p. \n Akp-c-m-cpsS ta hn-t\bpw At]-np tZh-cm-P-\mb C{ t{ijvT-\mhcn hnPbw B {_-ns in-sImp kw`-hn-- sWp ]d-bpp
Xm-b n-cp-p. AXm-bXv hmkvX -h-n AXv ]c-{_-3. XkvamZv hm Ct{mXnX-cm-an-hm-\ym tZhm
ns hnPbw Xs-bm-bn-cp-p. \n AXn-s\mcp
k tly\-t-Znjv Tw ]kv] i, k tly\Xv
ImcWw am{Xta Bbn- cp-p-q. \n-fm-Is {_-ns
{]Ytam hnZm--Imc {_t-Xn.
Cu hnP-bs kzw hnP-ba
- mbn Icp-Xp-Ibpw AXns
aln-asb X-fpsS aln-a-sbp Icp-Xp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Anpw hmbp-hn\pw b-cq-]-n {]Xy--s
CXp \nfp Zpclmc-am-bn-cp-p. ]ca Imcp-Wn-I\
- mb {_-ns Zi-\hpw hmm-em] ku`m-Kyhpw Inn]c-am-mhv \n-fp-sS-ta IcpW tXmn Akp-c- m-cp-sS- bn-cp-p. Fm Ahv AXns kzcq-]-m\w e`nta \np hnPbw \In. B ]c-am-m-hp-Xs n-. `K-hXn Dam-tZ-hn-bn\nv Ghpw BZyw C{\v
\n-fpsS \-b
v p-thn \n-fpsS Zpc-l-m-cs ian- k-i-n-am-\mb ]c-{_--]p-cp-tjm--as XXz-s-n-p--Xn\p bs cq]w [cnp {]Xy--s-Sp-Ibpw n-bp m\-ap-m-bn. XZ-\-cw C{ ]d--Xp-sImAn-bp-sSbpw hmbp-hn-tbpw Kw ian-n-p-Ibpw mWv Ahpw B m\w Dm-b-Xv. AXn\p tijw
AXp- t]mse \np hmkvX- hn-I-m\w \Ip- - Xn\v Ch-cn\npw ap tZh-I B bw kmm ]cFs t{]cn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvX n-cn-p-p. AXn-\m {_--]-c-ta-iz-c Xs- bm-bn-cp-p. F kXyw a\-n-em\n kzw hmkvX-hnI in-sb-p Al-mcw n. Ans\ Hmtcm-cp--cn\npw tIp-tI-mWv HmtcmssIsh-Snv GsXmcp {_- ns aln- a-bn\np aln- cp-cpw bmYmyw a\-n-em-n-b-Xv. Ahp ]c-ta-

NXp-JWvU w

74

I iz-c-t\mSv kwkm-cn-p--Xnt\m At-l-ns XXzs

{Kln-p--Xnt\m Ign-n-. AXp-Im-cWw AJn-e-tZ-h-XI-fnepw Anbpw hmbphpw C{\pw kt{ijvT-mcmbn KWn--s-Sp-p. ImcWw Cu aqp-t]pw {_Zi-\hpw XXz-m-\-]X
v nbpw e`y-am-bn. Fm Ghpw
BZyw C{ At-l-ns XXzs {Kln-X
- n-\m
C{ k-t{i-jT
v -\mbn am\n--s-Sp-p.
kw_w C\n apI-fn ]d {_-X-Xzs B[nssZ-hn-IZ- r-jSv m-w-aqew a\-n-em-p-p.

4. Xsskyj BtZtim btZ-XZv hnZyptXm hyZypXZm CXo-y-ao-an-jZm CXy-[n-ssZ-h-Xw.

km[-Is lrZ-b-n {_w kmm-XvI-cn--s-Sp-Xn-\p Xo{hm-`n-emjw In-z-en-ptm `K-hm
Ahs DXv- WT
v sb Hp-IqSn Xo{hhpw D-S-hp- am-p-Xn-\p-thn hnZypXv {]Imiw t]msebpw Ip Nnp-Xp-t]m-sebpw Xs kzcq-]
- ns Wn-I-amb Hcp
Zi\w \In-bnv Hfn- p-I-f-bp- p. ]qtm--amb
BJym-\-n C{]-Imcw Xs C{s apn \npw
Znhy-b-- ns Am-\s CXp kqNn-n-p-p.
km[-Is Iap]ntem AY- hm, lrZ-b-tZ-i- ntem
BZy-ambn `K-hms kmIm-ctam \ncm-Im-ctam Bb cq]Zi\w As- n A\p-`hw Dm-Ip-tm Ah
B\mcy--fm NIn-X-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Xm-c-Wm Ahs lrZ-b-n Xs Bcm-y-tZ-hs\ \nccw Ip-sIm- n-cn-p--Xn\pw A\p-`- hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Xn\pw A\n-hm-cyhpw D-S-hp-amb A`n-emjw Dev]-am-Ip-p. ]ns Ah\p W-t\-c-t-p-t]mepw
CjvSkmmXvmcw IqSmsX imn e`n-p-n-. Cu
kwKXn Xs Cu a{-n B[n-ssZ-hn-I-amb DZm-lcWw sImp hy-am-n-bn-cn-p-p.
kw_w C\n Cu kwKXn Xs Bym-nI `mhn shfn-s-Sp-pp

5. AYm-ymw btZ-X-ZvK--Xoh N at\mt\\

ssNX-Zp-]-kva-c-Xy-`ovW w kev]x
bmsXmcp km[-I\p Xs a\v Bcm-y-tZ-h-X-bmb
{io`-K-hms kao]w hsc Fn-t-Xmbn A\p-`-h-sSp-pthm Ah Xs a\-nqSn `K-hms \nKpWtam kKp-Wtam Bb GXp kzcq-]s Nnn-p-Ibpw
AXns {]Xy-m-\p-`qXn Dm-hp-Ibpw sNp-pthm
Atm kzm`m-hn-Ia
- m-bn-s Ah AXn eo\-\mbn-o-cp-p. ]ns Ah\p Xs CjvS-ssZ-h-ns
W-t\- c-t- p- t]m- ep- ap hnkvarXn kln- p-hm Ignbp--X-. B kabw Ah AXyw hymIp-eX
- -tbmSp
IqSn-b-h- \m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah \ntXy-\, \nc--c-ambn t{]a]qw AXns\ kvacn-p-Ibpw kzlr-Z-b
- n Xs
CjvS-ssZ-hs {]m]n-p- -Xn\v A\n-hm-cyhpw D- S-hpamb A`n-e mjw D-h -\ m-b n- o-c p-I bpw sNp- p.

Ign a{-n B[n-ssZhnI ZrjvSn-tbm-Sp-IqSn ]d-bs Imcyw Xs CXn Bym-nI ZrjvSn-bn ]d-bs- n-cn-p- p.

kw_w C\n B {_- ns D]m- k\m {]Im- c- fpw

AXns ^e-fpw ]d-bpp:

6. X XZz\w \ma XZz-\-an-Xyp-]m-kn-Xhyw k b

GXtZhw thZm-Zn-ssl\w kmWn `qXm\n
kw hmRvO-n.
B\--kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c Fm-hpw
AXyw {]nb--c-\m- Ip- p. Fm Pohn- Ifpw Hmtcmtcm coXnbn At-ls B{K- ln-p-p. Fm Xncn--dn-bp-n. AXp-Im-cWw kpJ-ns cq]-n At-ls
At\z-jn-p-sIm-WavSv ZpxJ-kz-cq-]--fmb hnj-b--fn
Ae-p-Xn-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. At-ls {]m]n-phm Ign-bp-n-. Cu clkyw a\-n-emn km[-I B
]c-{_--]c
- -am-m-hns\ Poh\p Xpeyw {]nb-am-bn--cpXn
AXns\ \nXyhpw AN-ehpw Aa-ehpw A\-hpw Bb
]c-am-\ kzcq-]s Nnnp Ign-bW
- w. C{]-Imcw
sNbvXp- sNbvXv B\ kzcq- ]- \mb ]c-am- m-hns kmmXvmcw {]m]n- p-tm Ah kzbw B\- - a- b-\m- bn-ocp-p. AXm-bXv PK-nse Fm {]mWn-Ifpw Ahs\
X-fpsS Bo-b-am-bn--cpXn Ahs\ lrZ-bw-K-a-ambn
kvt\ln-m XpS-p-p.

7.

D]-\n-jZw t`m {_qlo-X yp- mX D]-\n-jZv

{_mow hmh X D]-\n-j-Z-{_qta-Xn.

Kpcp-tZ-h- \n \npw kmt-XnI `mj-bn {_-hnZym

kw_-n-bmb t{ijvtTm-]-tZ-i- {ihn-npw injy\v
AXp ]q-cq-]
- n lrZn--am-p-hm Ign-n-.
AXn-\m Ah C{]-Imcw {]mn-p. ""`K-h mt\!
F\nv D]-\n-jZv cl-ky-a-bn-bmb {_-hnZy D]-tZ-in-pX-m-epw.'' AXn\p Kpcp-tZ-h ]d-p, ""h! \mw
\n\p {_-hnZy D]-tZ-inp XpI-gn-p. \ns tNmZyns D-c-ambn "t{im{Xky t{im{Xw' apX XpSn
apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p a{- hsc bmsXm-p-]-tZin-n-cn-p-pthm AXp \o ZrV-ambn {Kln-p-sIm-p-I.
AXp \n-b -ambpw cl-ky-a-bn-bmb {_-h n-Zy-bpsS
D]tZiw Xs- bm-Ip-p.
kw_w {_-hn-Zy-bpsS {ih-W-am-{X- bns
{_-kz-cq-]-ns clkyw a\-n-em-p-hm km[n-pn-. AXn\p {]tXyI km[-\-I-fpsS Bhiyw Dm-Ipp. AXn-\m C\n B {][m\ km[-\- Isf hn-pp

8. Xssky Xt]m Za: ItXn {]XnjvTm thZm:

kmwKm\n kXy-am-b-X -\w.
hmbnp ]Tn-v, Dcp-hnv {_-m-\n-bm-bn-op;
CXv {_-hn-Zysb ]cn-lk
- n-epw kzbw h-\b
- n-e-Is-S-ep-am-Ip-p. {_-hn-Zy-bm-Ip {]mkm-Z-ns ASnd Xm]w, Zaw, Iw apX-emb km[-\-If
- m-Ip-p. Ch-

75

I bpsS ta cl-ky-a-bn-bmb {_-hnZy A[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-

apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p {]Im-c-n bmsXm-cp-

cn-pw. bmsXmcp km[-I kz[-]c
- n-]m-e-\
- n-\p- D]-\n-jZv cq]-amb {_-hn-Zy-bpsS cl-ky-s {Kln-pthn AXn-I-Tn-\--fmb IjvS-X-Isf kljw kzmKXw pthm AXm-bXp XZ\pk-c-W-amb km[-\-I-fn hym]rsNn-n--tbm, bmsXm-cp- a\-n-t\bpw C{n-b
- - X- \m-bn-cn-p-pthm Ah kakvX ]m]sf ]c-am-tfbpw \mbn kzm[o- \n- s-Sp-p- n- - tbm, bmsXm-cp- kmmXvm-c- n\v {]Xn-_---fmbn \np kIe
\njvIm- a- `m-h-tm-Sp- IqSn A\m- k- - \mbn hm{ia-[- ip`m-ip` I--tfbpw \ntjw \in-nv \nXyhpw
sf A\p-jvTn- p-n- tbm Ah\p {_-hn-Zy-b psS k-t{i-jvT-hp-amb ]c-a-[m-a-n nXn-sN-pw. HcnbYm-c-lkyw Adn-bp-hm km[n-p-n; Fp-sIm- epw Ah\v AhnsS \np aS-t--Xmbn hcp-n-.
s-m Ahsb {Kln- pXn\p {][m\ B[m- c- Ah Fs-t-b
v p-ambn AhnsS {]Xn-jT
v n--s-Sp-p.
Ch-bm-Ip-p. Iq-n thZw B {_-hn-Zy-bpsS Fm ChnsS "{]Xn-jT
v Xn' F ]Z- ns ]p\-cp-m-cWw {KAwK-- fp-am-sWpw Adn-n- cn--Ww. thZ-n-s- k-am-]vXn-bpsS kqN\ Xs-bm-Ip-p. AtXm-sSmw D]bm-Ip-p, {_-hn-Zy-bpsS AwK-{]-Xyw-K--fpsS hymJym- tZ-i-ns \nn-X- Xz-tbpw {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-p.
\w. AXp- sImp thZs AXn- hn-i-Z-amb coXn- bn Ayb\w sNp-Ibpw kXy-kz-cq-]- ]-c-ta-iz-c AXm-bXv {XnIme-_m-[n-X-\mb kn-Zm-\--L\ ]ctaiz-c, B {_-hn- imn- ] mTw
Zy-bpsS ]c-a-amb A[n-jvTm-\hpw B{i-b-a-m-\-hpw, ]cHmw B]ym-bp aam-MvKm\n hmIv {]mW-px
a-e-yhpw BIp-p. AXn-\m B {_s eyamn bmsXm-cp- thZm-\p-k-c-W-ambn X]w, Zaw, t{im{X-atYm _e-an-{n-bmWn N km-Wn, kw
\njvIm-a-Iw CXp-I sNp-pthm Ah\p am{Xta {_u ]\n-jZw amlw {_ \ncmIpcymw am aw
{_-hn-Zy-bpsS k-kz-amb ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--as\ {_-\n-cm-I-tcm-Xv, A\n-cm-I-c-W-a-kvXz-\n-cm-I-cWw
takvXp. XZm- \n \nc tX b D ]- \ n- j p
{]m]n-p-hm kmy-am-Ip-I-bp-q.

9. tbm hm GXm-tahw thZm-]-lXy

]m]vam-\ -a-\ t
kztK temtI tPytb {]Xn-Xn-jvTXn
{]Xn-X n-j vT -X n.

[mkvtX abn kp tX abn kp.

Hmw imnx imnx imnx

(CXns Aw Cu D]-\n-j-ns Bcw-`-n

sImSp-n-p- v.)

aptIm]-\n-jv

Cu D]-\ n-jv AY-th-Z

- nse iu\-I o-im-Jbns--Xm- W.v

imn- ] mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx {iWp-bma tZhm `{Zw
]tiyam- `n-b-P{Xmx
nssc-c-MvssK-k vXp-j vSphmw kkvX-\q`nhytia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx
kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \x
]pjm hniz-thZmx

kzkvXn \kvXmtym Acn-jvS-t\anx

kzkvXn t\m _rl-kvX-]nZ-[m-Xp.
Hmw imnx ! imnx ! imnx !!!
Kpcp-Ip-e-n Ay-b\w \S-p injy kzw
Kpcp, kl-]m-Tn-I am\-h-k-ap-Zmbw Fn-h-cpsS \sb
Nnn- p-sImp tZh- I- tfmSp {]mn-p- p. Atbm tZhK-W--tf, R kzw ImXp-If
- nqSn awK-f-I-c-fmb hN-\
- tI-tW. \n, apJ-kX
v p-Xn, AkXyw
AYhm ap ]m]-I-c--fmb Imcy- Fnh R-fpsS
I--fn ]Xn-msX R-fpsS kzw PohnXw bmK-

76

I ]-cm-b-W-ambn `hn--tW. R kZm `K-hms Bcm-[\-b n hym]r-X -c m-b n-c n- -W -ta. I- sImp
tIpI am{X-a-msX t\{X-sImp kZm awKfw
Zin-p-Ibpw sN-W-ta. GsX-nepw Aaw-K-e-Im-cntbm
AYhm \mi-n- tebvp \on-sm-n-cnptXm Bb
ImgvN-I-fn-tev R-fpsS ZrjvSn-I Hcn-epw BIjn-s-Sm-Xn-cn--tW. R-fpsS ico-chpw Hmtcmtcm Ahb-h-fpw kpZr-Vhpw kp]p-jvShpw Bbn- o-c-tW.
AXpw `K-hms\ kvXpXn-p--Xn-\p-thn am{X-am-tI-W-ta.
R-fpsS Bbpv t`mK-hn-emkfnepw {]am-Z--fnepw
IqSn ISp t]mIm- Xn-cn--tW. `K-hXv Imcy-- fn {]tbmP-\-s-Sp--Xn-\p-th-n-bp Bbpv Rp e`n-tW. (tZ-h-I R-fpsS Fm C{n-b--fnepw {]th-inv
Ahsb kwc-n-p-Ibpw \bn- p-I bpw sNp-p.
Ah-\p-Iq-ea
- mbn hn- p--Xp-sImv R-fpsS
C{n-b
- p kpK-a-ambn km-nIqSn Nen-phm Ign-bp-p. AXn-\m Ah-tcmSpw {]mn-p-Xv
DNn-X-am-Ip-p) Fm-Zn-nepw Ion- ]-c-n- p tZh-cmP C{, k--\mb ]qjm, Acn-jSv -\n-hm-c-I-\mb
Xmy (K-cp-U) _pn-cm-Pm-hmb _rl-k]
v Xn Cu
Fm tZh-X-Ifpw `K-hms Znhy-hn-`q-Xn-If
- m-Ip-p. Ch
kZm Rv awKfw hn-n--tW. Ch-cpsS Ir]bm R-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp Fm Poh-Pm-e -pw
awKfw Dm-bn-sm-n-cn--tW. Bym-n-Ihpw B[nssZ-hn-I-hpw, B[n-`u-Xn-I-hp-ambn Fm Xm]-pw
imn-bp-m-tW!

{]Y- a- ap-W vU Iw
{]Y-a-J Wv Uw
1. Hmw {_m tZhm\mw {]Y-ax-kw-_`- qh
hnizky Im `ph-\ky tKm]vXm
k {_-hnZymw k-hn-Zym-{]-Xn-jvTm
aYhmb tPyjvT-]p-{Xmb {]ml.
("Hmw' Cu ]c-ta-izc \mas kvacn-p-sImv D]-\nj-m-cw-`n-p-p. CXp-h-gn-bmbn Hmtcm Imcyhpw Bcw-`np-tm a\p-jy Cuiz-cs\ kvacn-p-Ibpw At-lns \mtam-m-cWw Ahiyw sNp-Ibpw thW-sap
kqNn-n--s-Sp- p.)

"]c' hpw "A]-chp' amb cp kzcq-]--fp-tSbpw ]qamb m\w e`n-pthm AXns\ {_-hn-Zy-sbp ]d-bpp. CXv Fm hnZy-I-fp-tSbpw B{i-ba
- m-Ip-p.

2. AYtW bmw {]h-tZX {_m

Yhm Xmw ]ptcm-hm-Nm-MvKntc {_-hnZymw
k `mc-Zzm-Pmb kXy-h-lmb
{]ml `mc-Zzm-tPmMvKnctk ]cm-h-cmw.
AY aljnp {_m-hn\np e`y-amb {_hn-Zysb Atlw AwKnc pa-ljnp ]d-p-sIm-Spp. AwKn-c-p-a-ljn `c-Zzm-P-tKm-{X- n ]nd kXyh-l Fp t]cp aljnp ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p. `mcZzm-P-a-ljn ]mc--cy-ambn \ne-\n-n-cp {_-ns
]c, A]- c- kz- cq-]-ns m\w ]Ip-sIm- Sp-p Cu
{_-hn-tZym-]t- Ziw aljn AwKn-c-n\p \In.

3. iu\tIm l ssh alm-imtem MvKnckw hn[nh- Z p- ] - k x ] {] - . Ik van p ` Kthm

hnmtX k-anZw hnmXw `h-Xo-Xn.
iu\-I F t]cn {]kn- - \mb Hcp aljn Dmbn- cp-p. Atlw Hcp henb hniz-hn-Zym-e- b-ns m]I\pw Bbn-cp-p. ]pcm-W-a-\p-k-cnv At-l-ns EjnIp-e-n F]-s- m-bncw aljn- am hkn-n-cp-p.
Atlw D]-cyp {_-hnZy ]Tn-p--Xn-\mbn imkv{Xhn-[n-b-\p-k- cnp Ic--fn kanv FSp- p-sImv `n]qw aljn AwKn-c-ns ASp- hp. Atlw
AXyw hn\-b-]qw aljn-tbmSp tNmZn-p. "`K-h,
bmsXmp \mbn Xncn--dn--Xn-\p-tijw ImWp-Xpw
tIp-Xpw A\p-am-\n-p-X
- p-amb Fmw Xncn--dn-bp-Xn\p Ign-bp-tm, B ]c-a-XXzw Fm-Ipp? AXns\
Fs\ Xncn-d- n-bp-hm Ignbpw Fp Zb-hmbn Acp-fns- bX
v mepw!

4. Xkvssa k tlmhm-N. tZz hntZy thZn-Xthy

CXn l kva bZv{_--hntZm hZn ]cm ssNhm
]cm-N.
C{]-Imcw aljn iu\-Is tNmZy-n\v aljn
AwKn-cv ]dp ""iu\-I, {_s {Kln-n-p
aljn-am ]d-bp-Xv a\p-jyp-thn Adn-bp--Xn\v
cp-hn-Zy-I Dv Fm-W.v H ]c, aXv A]-c.

k in- am-\mb ]c- {_ ]c-ta- iz-c-\n\npw tZh5. X{Xm-] cm EtKztZm bPpthZx kma-thtZm
I-fn {][m-\n-bmb {_mhv D-hn-p. ]noSv Ctlw
Yh thZx inm Iev t ]m hymI- c Ww
Xs Fm tZh-I- tfbpw aljn- am-tcbpw acoNn apX-emb
\ncpw Otm tPymXn jan-Xn. AY ]cm bbm
{]Pm-]-Xn-I-tfbpw krjvSn-p. AtXm-Sp-IqSn kakvX temIXZ- -c a-[n-K-ay-tX.
-tfbpw krjvSnv AXns c-bvp-thn kpZr-VB cp hnZy-I-fn bmsXm-p-hgn Cu temI-namb \nb-a- apX-em-bh
- bpw \nn-p. At-l
- ns
Ghpw aq-]p-{X AY aljn-bm-bn-cp-p. Ghpw tebpw ]c-tem-I-n-tebpw t`mK--fp-tSbpw Ah-bp-sS
BZyw {_mhv {_-hnZy D]-tZ-in-p-sIm-Sp-Xv At-l- {]m]vXn- km[-\IfptSbpw m\w e`y- am-Ip-p-thm,
n- \m-bn-cp-p. bmsXm-cp-hn-Zy-bn\npw {_-ns bmsXm-n t`mK--fpsS nXn, t`mK-sf A\p-`-hn-

77

I p--Xn\p {]Im-c-, t`mK-h-kvXp--fpsS cN-\,

Ahsb D]-e-_v[-am-p--Xn-\p ]e-hn-[-km-[-\-I
Fmw AS-n-bn-cn-p-pthm AXv A]-c-hn-Zy-bm-Ipp;
EtKz-Zw, bPpth-Zw, kma-th-Zw, AY-thZw Cu \mep
thZ--fn \m\m hn[-n-ep bmK-hn-Zy- Ifpw Ah-bpsS
^e-fpw hnkvXm-c-]qw hn-n-cn-p-p. PK-nse
Fm hkvXp--fp-tSbpw hnj-b--fp-tSbpw h\w thZ-fn \-Xp-t]mse sNbvXn-cn-p-p. Cm-ev thZns Fm imJ-Ifpw e`y-am-Ip-n-. AXn hn-np hnhn[ hnm-\-I-c--fmb Imcy-sf Adn-bm-hp- hcpw Cs- p- Xp icn-bm-Ip-p. thZ-- fpsS ]mZ-
AXm-bXv icn-bmb D-cn-p--Xn-\p hn[n-Isf kw_n D]-tZ-i- ""in'' BIp-p. bw, bmKw apXem-b-h-b psS hn[n-I ]d-b -s-n-cn-p hn`m-K s
"Iev]w' Fp ]d-bp-p. sshZn-Ihpw euIn-Ihpw Bb
i_vZ--fpsS A\p-im-k-\-ns {]Ir-Xn-{]-Xyb hn`mK-]q-ambp i_vZ-km-[-\-bpsS {]{In-b. i_vZmt_m-[--fpsS {]Imcw {]tbmKw apX-em-b-h-bpsS \nb-a kw_-n D]-tZ- i--fpsS \maw "hymI-cWw' FmIp-p. sshZn-I-i- _vZ-tIm-i--fn C ]Zw C hkvXphns\ kqNn-n-pp F kwKXn Imc-W-k-lnXw ]d-bs-n-cn-pXp "\ncpw' F hn`m-K-n-em-W.v sshZnI-O -
- p-I-fpsS PmXnbpw t`Zhpw ]d-bp hnZysb
"Nkv' Fp ]d-bp-p. {Kl--fp-tSbpw \-{X--fptSbpw nXn-K-Xn-Ifpw Ah-tbmSp \p-p _fpw Fm-Ipp Fpw apw hnh-cn-p hnZysb
"tPymXnj' sap ]d-bp-p. C{]-Imcw \mep thZ-fpw
Bdp thZmw-K-fpw Cu ]n-sbpw \maw "A]cm'
hnZy Fm- Ip- p. bmsXm-p-h-gn- bmb ]c-{_ Ahn-\min
]c-am-m-hns XXz-m\w Dm-Ip-pthm AXv "]cm'
hnZy-bm-Ip-p. AXns h-\I
- epw thZ--fn Xsbp-v. AXn-\m A{Xbpw Awis hnnv _mn Fm
thZ-fpw thZmw-K-fpw A]-cm-hn-Zy-bn AS-n-bn-cnp--Xmbn Icp-X- Ww.

ssIbv apX-emb It-{n-b

- fpw Cm--h\
- m-Ip-p.
AXp-t]mse Atlw AXn-kq-vahpw hym]-Ihpw Acm--cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSn Fm-nepw hym]npw Hcn-epw
\miw kw`-hn-m--h\pw kYm \nXy\pw BIp-p.
Fm Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw B ]c-a-Im-c-Ws\ m\n-I
k{X ]cn-]q-ambn ImWp-p.

kw_w PK-Zm-m-hmb ]c-ta-iz-c kakvX krjvSnI- fp- tSbpw ]c-a- Im-c- W BIp-sXs\? kq-amb
Cu {]]w At-l-n \npw Fs\ D-hnp? Cu
Bi-bs hy-am-pp

7. btYm-\m`nx krPtX KrlvWtX N

bYm ]rYn-hym-tam-j-[bx kw`-hn
bYm kXx ]pcp-jm--tI-i-tem-am\n
XYm--cmXv kw`-h-Xol hnizw.

]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c Xs Cu PU-tN-X-\m--I-amb

PK-ns \nan-hpw D]m-Zm-\-Im-c-W-hp-am-Ipp Fv
aqp ZrjvSm hgn a\-n-em-p-p. BZyw Fp-Imen-bpsS ZrjvSm--n\npw Cu kwKXn ]d-bp- p. F{]Imcw Fp-Imen Xs hb-n-\p-n-ep hesb shfn-bnse-Spp hncn-p-Ibpw ]ns AXns\ hngp-p-Ibpw
sNp-pthm AtX- {]-Imcw Xs Cu ]c-{_ ]c-ta-izc Xs Dn kqva-cq-]t- m-Sp-IqSn eo\-am-bn-cnp PU-tN-X-\m-cq-]-amb PK-ns\ krjvSn-bpsS Bcw`-n \m\m-{]-Im-c-n krjvSnp hym]n-n-p-Ibpw
{]f-b-Im-e-n hopw Xn- te-bvp-Xs ]nh-en-pIbpw sNp-p. cm-as DZm-l-c-Ww-sImpw Cu
Imcyw hy-am-p-p. F{]-Imcw `qan-bn hnhn-[--fmb
[m\y-, XrWw, hrw, eX apX-emb Huj-[n-I-fpsS
_oP- ]Xn-p-pthm A{]-Imcw Xs- bp `n-fmb t`Z--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Huj-[n-I AhnsS apf-b
v p-p.
AXn `qanp bmsXmcp ]-]m-Xhpw C. AXp-t]m-seXs Pohn-I-fpsS hn`n---fmb I-cq-]_
- o-P-\p-k-c-W-ambn `K-hm Ahsb hnhn[ tbm\n-I-fn Dkw_w apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p ]cm-hn-Zy-hgnbmbn
hn- n-p-p. AXn-\m At-l-n bmsXmcp {]Im-c- nbmsXm- ns m\w Dm-Ip- pthm B Ahn- \m- in- bmb
ep-ap hnj-a-X-bp-tStbm \n- b- X-bp- tStbm tZmjw Btcm{_w F-s\-bp--XmWv? AXn-s\-n ]d-bpp
]n-p-hm km[y-a-. aqm-aXp a\p-jy-i-co-c-ns DZm6. b-Z -t{Z- i y-a- {Km- l y-a- tKm- {X-a- h -a -N - px- l-c-W-n\npw Cmcyw hy-am-p-p. F{]-Imcw
t{im{Xw XZ-]m-Wn-]m-Zw. \nXyw hn`pw k-KXw a\p-j ys Pohn-X -i -c o-c - n\npw at\m-l - c -a mb
kpkqvaw XZ-hybw bZv` q-X -tbm\nw ]cn-] - tIihpw tcma-fpw \Jhpw kzb-ambn D-hn-p-Ibpw
iyn [ocm.
hf-cp-Ibpw sNp-pthm Ahs\ kw_-n-n-S-tmfw
Cu a{-n ]c-{_-]
- -c-ta-iz-cs \ncm-Im-c-kz-cq- AXv bmsXm-n\pw {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp-n-. AtX {]Imcw
- -ta-iz-c-\n\npw Cu {]]w kzb]s hn-n-cn- p-p. B ]c-{_--]-c-ta- iz- c mt\- Xs ]c-{_--]c
ambn
Dh
n
pI
bpw hnI-kn-p-Ibpw sNpp; CXn{nbw hgn Adn-b-s-Sp-hm Ign-bp-n; It-{nb
\pt
hn
`Kh
m\v
bmsXmcp {]b-X\
v hpw sNt--Xmbn
hgnbpw {Kln--s-Sp-n-. Atlw tKm{Xw apX-emb D]mhcp
n
.
[n-If
- n-m--h\pw {_m-WmZn h-K-X-t`-Z-tfm AXpt]mse \ndw, BIrXn Chtbm Cm--h\pw BIp-p. kw_w C\n kwt- ] -ambn {]]tmn
Atlw Iv, sNhn apX- emb mt\-{n-b-fpw Imev, {Ias hnh-cn-p-p.

78

8. X]km NobtX {_ XtXm a`n-Pm-btX

Am-Xv{]mtWm a\x kXyw temImx
I-k p-N m-ar-X w.

ZznXo- b -J WvU w

kw_w BZy-J-WvU-nse \memw a{- n ]cm,

A]cm Cu cp hnZy-Ifpw {Kmly-tbm-Ky-am-sWp ]dPK-ns krjvSn- Im-e-a-Sp--tm ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz- bp-p. C\n Cu JWvU-n AXn\nv A]-cm-hn-Zyc Xs kev]-cq-]-amb X]-n\npw hf {]m]n- bpsS kzcq-] hpw ^ehpw ]d- nv ]cm-hn-Zy-s b- n
p- p, AXm- bXv At- l-n hnhn[ cq]- -tfm-Sp-Iq- Snb Pnmk Df- hm-pp
krjvSn-bpsS \nm-W-n-\p kev]w Db-cp-p. Pohn1. XtZ- X - Xyw at{jp ImWn Ihtbm
I- fpsS Im- \p- kr- X-ambn B ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm-- a-\n
bm\y-]iyw kvXm\n t{XXmbmw _lp[m kwXbmsXmcp kv^pcWw krjvSn-bpsS Bcw-`-n-ep-m-bn-cpXm-\n. Xm\ym-N-cY \nbXw kXy-Imam Gj hx
]mx kpIr-X -ky-tem-tI.
pthm AXp-Xs At-l-ns X]w Bbn-cp-p. B
kv^pcWw Dmb am{X-bns AXyw kqva-cq_pn-am-m-cmb aljn-I bmsXmcp D-X n-bpsS
]-n-em-bn-cp `K-hm AXns\ At]-np qe-am- km[-\m-`q-X-amb bmKmZn \m\m-hn-[-n-ep I- sf
bn-o- cp-Ibpw Atlw krjvSn-Im-hmb {_m-hns thZ-a-{- -fn ]t In-cp-pthm B I-a-{-
cq]w [cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. {_m-hn\npw Fm Ev, bPp-v, kmaw Cu aqp thZ--fnepw ]e-co-Xn-IPohnIfptSbpw D-nbpw hfbpw kw`-hn-n-p fn hnkvXm-c-]qw hn-n-cn-p-p. AXn-\m {]XyAw D- -am- Ip-p. ]ns A- n\npw {ItaW - amb DXn B{K-ln- p Bfp- I Ahsb icn-bmbn
{]mW, a\-,v Imcy-cq]fmb BIm-imZn ]a-lm-`q- {Klnv \nb-a-{]-Imcw B I-sf A\p-jT
v npsImnX- Fm Pohn-Ifpw Ah- bpsS hmk-efpw, Ah- cn--Ww. Cu a\pjy-i-co-c-n CXp-Xs D-Xn-p
bpsS hn`n- I--fn\npw Ahbvv Ahiyw kw`- kp-c-amb amw. Ae-k-X-bnepw {]am-Z-nepw t`mK-hn-t kpJ-Zpx-J-cq-]-^-e-fpw Cs\ Cu kq f-\p-`-hn-p--Xnepw arK--sf-tmse Pohn-p- Xv a\p-jyi-co-c- n- \p-]b
- p--a-.
PKv D-hn-p-p.
kw_w C\n ]c-ta-iz-cs aln-asb hn-p- sImv
Cu {]I-c-Ws D]-kw-l-cn-p-p.

9. bx kx k-hn-Zyky
m\-abw X]x
Xkvam-tZ-X-Zv{_ \ma cq]-aw N Pmb-tX.
kw]q PK-ns Imc-W-`q-X-\mb B ]c-a-]p-cp-j]-c-ta-iz-cs\ km[m-cW cq]-nepw hnti-j-cq-]-nepw
Fm-hcpw \m-bn--dn-bp-p. B ]c-{_--ns GI-am{X- amb m\w- Xs X]- am- Ip- p. At- l- n\v km[m-cW
a\p-jy-sc-tmse PK-ns\ krjvSn- p--Xn-\p-thn
IjvS-k-l-\c
- q-]-amb X]--\p-jT
v n-t--Xmbn hcp-n-.
B k-i-n-am-\mb ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs k-e]
v -am{X-bns {]Xy-- ambn ImW-s-Sp Cu hncmSv cq]amb PKv (A- Xns\ A]- c- {_w Fp ]d-bp-p) kzbw
{]I-S-am-Ip-Ibpw kakvX Pohn-Ifpw temI-fpw AhbpsS \maw, cq]w, Blmcw apX-em-b-hbpw D-hn-pIbpw sNp-p.

({]-[m\ cq]-n-ep thZ--fpsS Fw aqp-Xs

Fv AwKo-I-cn-p-p. An-mbn "thZ-{Xbn' apX-emb
\ma--tfm-Sp-IqSn EtKz-Zw, kma-th-Zw, bPpthZw Fo
aqn-sbpw DtJ\w e`n-p-p. A-s\-bp m\-f n \mem-a s AY thZs tad
aqnepw Aeo-\-am-sWp Icp-Xp-p.)
kw_w thtZm---fmb At\Iw {]Im-c--fn-ep
I--fn\npw {]tXyI e- W- tm- Sp-Iq-Snb {][m\
An-tlm-{X- Is hn-p-hm-\m-cw-`n-p-p.

2. bZm teem-btX lyNnx kant

lhy-h m-l t\
XZm-Py-`m-Km-h--tc-Wm-lpXnx {]Xn-]m-Z-tb-Xv.

A[n-Im-cn-I-fm-bn-p--h \nXyhpw An-tlm{Xw \S-Ww. tZh-Iv lhnv Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p An

b mK - t h - Z n - b n \ n m bn I n - P z - e n - p - t m ,
AXn\npw Pzme-I Db-cp-tm, BPy-`m-K-m\w
hnp a[y-n BlpXn kan--Ww. An Bfn-p--Xn\p aptm AXn\npw Pzme-I Db-cp--Xn-\p"Bsc Adn-bp--Xn\npw CsXmw {Kln-p-hm aptm AYhm In-bX
- n-\p-ti-jtam im-am-b-Xn\p
Ign-bpp' Fv iu\-Ia
- -ljn tNmZn-n-cp-p. CXns tijtam AXn BlpXn kan-p-hm ]mSn F
D-c-ambn kakvX PK-ns ]c-a-Im-c-W-\mb ]c-am-m- Imcyw AXp-sImp hy-am--s-Sp-p. Ansb \hn\npw PK-ns D]-n-hn-hc
- Ww ]d-nv Npcp- Xp-t]mse Pzen-n-nv An-tlm{Xw \S--Ww.
-n B kin-am\pw k-\pw Fm-nkw_w \nXyhpw An-tlm{Xw \S-p a\p-jy
sbpw Imhpw [m-hp-amb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Adn- pAtXm-Sp-IqSn Fsmw sNWw F hnj-bsn
I-gn-m Fmw a\-n-em-Ipp F Imcyw [cn-n-p.
]d-bpp

79

3. bkym- n-tlm-{X-a-Zi-\-] u-am-k

aNm-Xpm kya-\m-{K-b-W-a-Xn-Yn-hnXw N.
Alp-X-a-ssh-iz-tZ-h-a-hn-[ n\m lpX
amk-]vX-amw-kvXky temIm ln\-kvXn.
\nXyhpw An-tlm{Xw \S-p a\p-jy Zi-bhpw ]u-am-k-b-hpw sNm-X n-cn-p-pthm
AYhm NmXpm-ky-b-hpw \S-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm
AXp-t]mse icZv hk-pp--fn \S-- s-Sp \ho\m--ns (]p-Xp-[m-\y) bmK-cq-]-amb B{K-b-W-bw
\S--s-Sm-Xn-cn- p-pthm Ahs b-im- e-bn AXnYn-I bYm-hn[n k-cn--s-Sm-Xn-cn-p-pthm Asn Ah \nXyw An-bm-K-n IrXy-k-a-bpw
imkv{X- hn-[n-b-\p-k-cnpw lh\w \S-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm
AXp-t]mse _en sshiz-tZ-hI
- w \S-m-X n-cn-ppthm BsW-n B An-tlm{Xw \S-pp a\pjys k]vX-tem-I- sf B AwK-lo- \-amb An- tlm{Xw
\in-n-p If-bp-p. AXm-bXv B bw aqew e`n-pam-bn-cp ]rYzn-temIw apX kXy-temIw hsc-bp
temI--fn\np e`y-am-Ip tbmKy t`mK- Ah\n\npw AXv Xn amn--f-bp-p.

5. GtXjp b-ctX {`mP-am-t\jp

bYm-Imew Nmlp-Xtbm lymZ-Zm-b.
Xw \b-tyXmx kqcyky civatbm
b{X tZh\mw ]Xn-tc-tIm[nhmkx.

bmsXmcp km[- I ]q-a-{-n ]d-n-p Ggp{]-Im-c-n- ep Pzmem-bp--am-bn, \mbn t{]mz-en-psIm-n-cn-p An-bn IrXy-k-abw imkv{X-hn-[n-b\p-k-cnp \nXyhpw Blp-Xn-\In An-bmKw \S-ppthm Ahs\ ac- W-Im- e- n XtmSp Iqn- tv Cu
Blp-Xn-I kqcy-In-c-W--fm-bn, tZh-cm-Pm-hmb C{s
temI-n Fn- p-p. An-tlm{Xw kz-kp-J-{]m]vXn-p Atam-L-amb D]m-b-am-sWp Xmev]-cyw.
kw_w F{]-Imcw Cu Blp-Xn-I kqcy-In-c-Wam-ambn bP-am-\s\ C{-tem-I-n Iqn-sm-p-t]mIpp Amcyw hnh-cn- p-p.

6. Gtly-loXn Xam-lp-Xbx kphkx

kqcyky civan-`nb-P-am\w hln
{]nbmw hmN-a-`n-h-Z -tymby
Gj hx ]pWyx kpIrtXm {_-tem-Ix.

kw_w An-bn\npw Pzme-I \mbn Db-cptm BlpXn kan-Ww Fp kwKXn ap a{-fn ]dp Ignn-cn-p-p. C\n B Pzme-I-fpsS
{]Imct`Z-fpw \mahpw ]d-p-X-cp-p.

B {]Zo- ]vX-amb Pzme-I- fn An--s Blp-Xn- I

kqcy-In-c-W--fpsS cq]-n ]cn-W-anv ac-W-Im-e-n
B km[-I-t\mSp ]d-bpp ""hcp, hcp \ns k-fpsS ^e-kz-cq-]-amb {_-temIw AXm-bXv t`mK-cq-]4. Imeo Icmeo N at\m-P-hmN
kp-J-sf A\p-`h
- n-p--Xn-\p ew kz-tem-I-amIpp''
Cs
\b
p
{]nb-hm-p-I IqsS-qsS ]d-pkptem-lnXm bm N kp[q-{a-hm
sImv
BZc
k
mc-]qw Ahs\ kpcys Inc-Wkv^penw-K\o hniz-cpNo N tZho
am- -fnqSn sImp-t ]mbn kz-tem-I -n
teem-b-am\m CXn k]vX Pnlzmx.
Fn-p-p. ChnsS kzs {_-temIw Fp ]dImeo Idp \nd-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h, Icm-eo--A-Xyp-{K- bp- -Xn Xmev]cyw kzm-[n- ]-Xn- bmb C{\pw `K-hms
amb (An _m[n-p-sa `bw P\n-n-p--h), at\m- Xs A]-c-kz-cq-]-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m {]Im-cm--tcW
Phm a\-p-t]mse AXyw N-e-am-b-h, kptem-ln- {_w Xs-bm-Ip-p.
Xm-- kp-c
- -amb Nph-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h, kp[p-{a-hm-- kp- kw_w C\n kmwkm-cnI t`mK--tfm-Sp sshcm-c-amb ]pI-bpsS \nd-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bh
- , kv^penw-Kn\o Ky-m ]c-am-\--kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ {]m]n-p-Xosm-cn-I s]mn- n-dp--h, hniz-cp-No-tZhn Fm Xn- \p A`n- emjw Dev]--am-Ip- -Xn-\p-thn ap]-d
Znnepw {]Im-in-p--h C{]-Imcw Ggp coXn-bn-ep kz-tem-I-ns km[-\m-cq-]-amb bmZn kIm-aPzme-I An-tZ-hs lhn-ns\ {Kln-p--Xn\v Cf-In- Ihpw AXns ^e-cq-]-amb euIn-Ihpw ]mc-eu-In-Ism-n-cn-p Ggp \mhp-It]mse BIp-p. AXn- hp-amb t`mK--fpsS Xp-Xbpw ]d-p-X-cpp
\m Ftm An-tZ-hX C{]-Imcw Blq-Xn-cq- ]-am-Ip
7. hm tlytX AZrVm b-cq]m
t`mP\w {Kln-p--Xn\p Xm-dm-bn-cn-p-pthm AtX
AjvSmZtim-a-hcw tbjp I
kabw Xs t`mP-\-cq-]-amb BlpXn {]Zm\w sN-Ww.
As-n A{]- z-e n-Xhpw AW- p-t]m-b -X p-amb
GX-vtdtbm tb`n\n aqVm
An-bn \I-s-Sp BlpXn Nmc-tmSp Iev
Pcm-arXypw tX ]p\-tc-hm]n bn.
\in-p-t]m-Ip-p.
Cu a{-n bs \uIm-cq-]
- nepw Ahkw_w ta {]Imcw {]Zo-]X
v -amb An-bn \nb-a- bpsS kwJy ]Xn-s\v Fpw ]d-b-s-Sp-p. \nXy, Zi,
{]-Imcw {]Xn-Zn\w lh\w sNp--Xp-sIm-p ^e-s- ]u-am-k, NXpam-k-t`-Z-- tfm-Sp- IqSn b- n\p ]Xnn ]d-bp-p.
s\p {][m\ cq]- Dsv A\p- am- \n- - s- Sp- p. Ah-

80

I bn D]m-k-\m-c-ln-X-amb kIm-a-I-sf hn-n-cnp-p. Cs\ b cq]--fm-Ip ]Xn-s\p \uIIfpw Dd- p--X-s p ]d-b-s -Sp-p. Ch hgn-bmbn
kwkm-c-km-K-c-ns Ac IS-pI km[y-a-. Cu
temI-ns h-am\ ZpxJ kzcq-]-am-Ip Ghpw
sNdnb \Zn-tb-tmepw XcWw sNbvXv kzw-h sc
Fptam Fp-t]mepw kt-la
- m-Wv. Fp-sIm-sm aqm-as a{-nse h-\-b-\p-k-cnv GsXnepw AwK-ns Ipd-hp-m-Ip-p Fn km[-I\p
kz-n Fp-hm km[n-p--X; CS-b
v p-sh-pXs NnX-dn-tm-Ip-p. AXn-\m CXv AZr-Vhpw Anc-hp-am-Ip-p. Cu clkyw a\-n-em-msX aT-b-m-cmb
Bfp-I Cu kIm-a-I--sf-s ]c-ta-iz-c-{]m-]vXnp D]mbw Fp IcpXn CXns ^e-s-s
]c-a-kp-J-sap IcpXn CXns\ kvXpXn-p-sImp Pohnp-p. Ahv kt-lc
- -ln-X-ambn IqsS-q-sS-bp
hrm-h--tbbpw ac- W-Zpx-J-tbpw A\p-`h
- n-t-Xmbn hcp-p.
kw_w Ah F{]-Imcw ZpxJa\p`-hn-pp? CXn\p
kv]jvSo-I-cWw \Ipp

8. Ahn-Zym-bm-a-tc h-am\mx
kzbw-[ocmx ]WvUnXw a\y-am\mx
PMvL\
- y-am\mx ]cn-bn aqVm
At-ss\h \ob-am\m bYmmx
A\p hgn-Im-n-bmbn As\s Inp-tm
Ah-s \- s\ A`o-j vS - - e -s - p-h m Ignbpw?
CSbvv Imep-ap-nbpw apnepw Np-N-h-dnepw ImhgpXn
hoWpw ]md-If
- nepw `nn- If
- nepw arK--fp-sS-taepw Xnapn \m\m hn[--fn-ep-ap IjvS-X-I A\p-`-hn-t-Xmbn hp-Iq-Sp-p-thm AXp-t]mse Xs Cu aqV-mcmb Bfp-Ifpw ]n-ar-Km-Zn-I-fp-tSbpw IoS--fp-tSbpw
hnhn[ ZpxJ-]q--fmb tbm\n-I-fnepw AXp-t]mse \cIm-Zn-I-fnepw {]th-inv A\--P-w-hsc A\-h[n IjvSmcn-jSv -X-I A\p-`-hn-t-- Xmbn hcp-p. bmsXm-cp-
kzbw _pn-am\pw hnZzm\pw Fp \Sn-p-pthm hnZym_p- n-bpsS anYym-l-m-c-m imkv{X-tbpw alm- m\n-I-fpsS hN-\--tfbpw Aev]w-t]mepw hI-h-bvmsX
Ahsb Ah-tl-fn-p-Ibpw {]Xy---fmb kpJ-t`m-Ksf A\p-`-hn-p--Xnepw Ah-bpsS D]mb `qXfmb
Ahn-Zym-ab kIm-a-I--fn \nc-cw apgpIn hkn-pIbpw sNp-pthm Pohn-X-ns Aaq-ey-amb ka-bs
hrYm \jvS-am-n--f-bp-p.
kw_w B Bfp-I XpS-bmbn ZpxJ--fn ]Xnp-sIm-n-cp-npw Fp-sIm-p-W-cp-n? \-bvpthn Fp-sImp {]hn- p-n? Cu B{K-ls
kw_-np ]d-bpp

9. Ahn-Zymbmw _lp[m h-am\m

hbw IrXmYm CXn-`n-a-\yn _memx
bXvIntWm \ {]th-Z-bn cmKmXv
tX\m-Xpcmx oW-tem-Im-y-h-t.

]q-a-{- n ]d-n-c n- p coXn-tbm-Sp-I qSn

bmsXm-cp- Cl-tem-I-]-c- tem-I- t`mK {]m]vXn-p-thn
kmwkm-cn-tIm--Xn-bpsS km[-\m-cq-]--fmb kIm-a-I- fns ]e- co- Xn-I- fn apgpIn hkn-p- pthm AhnZy-bn apgp-In--gn-bp Am-\n-I-fmb B a\p-jy
"R R-fpsS I-hy-sf ]menp Ign-n-cnpp'Fp Icp-Xp-p. B kmwkm-cnI I- -fn
apgp-In-bn-cn-p Bfp-Ip t`mK--fn AXyw
Bk-n-bp-m-Ip-p. CXp-Im-cWw Ah kmkm-cn-tIm-Xn-bn-te--msX \-bpsS t\tc ZrjvSn ]Xn-n-p-n. ]c-am-\--ns kap{Zw GtXm ]c-am-m-hm-sWpw
a\p-jy\v AXp {]m]n-p-hm Ign-bp-sa-p-ap hnhcw
Ahv Adn-bp-hm Ign-bp-n-. AXn-\m Ah ]cam-m-hns\ {]m]n-p-hm ]cn-{i-an- msX kZm ZpxJn-Xcmbnocp-Ibpw ]pWy-I--fpsS ^ew Ah-km-\np
Ign-bptm Ah kzm-Zn-tem-I
- -fn \npw Xmsg
]Xn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
kw_w apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p kwKXn Hp-IqSn
kv]jvS-ambn ]d-bpp

10. CjvSm-]qt a\y-am\m hcnjvTw

\m\y-vtdtbm thZ-bt {]aqVmx
\mIky ]rjvtT tX kpIrtX \p`qtXzaw
temIw lo\-Xcw hm hni-n.
AXyw aqV-mcpw t`mKm-k--cpamb B a\p-jy
thZw, kvarXn apX-emb imkv{X--fn kmwkm-cnI kpJ{]m-]vXn-mbn F{X-am{Xw km[-\-I-tf-n ]d-n-ptm
Ahsb k-t{ijvT Ieym-W-km[\I-fm-bn--cp-Xp-p.
A Xn- \ m A h- b n\n pw `n - a mbn A Xm- b Xv
]ctaizcs `P-\w, [ym\w, \njvma`mh-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb
I-hy-]m-e\
- w, ]c-a-]p-cp-j vXm-am-hns\ Adn-bp--Xn-\pthn Xo{hXtbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp {]h\w apX-embn
F{Xtbm ]c-a-aw-K-f-{]-Z--fmb km[-\-I-fptm Ah-sbsbmpw Ah Adn-bp-t-bn; B Ieym-W-km-[- \-I-fpsS
t\sc eyta hbvp-n- . AXn-\m Ah X-fpsS
]pWy-I--fpsS ^e-kz-cq-]--fmb kztm-Iw- hs
- cbp kpJ-sf t`mKn-nv ]pWy-ns bw kw`-hnp kabw hopw Cu a\p-jy-tem-I
- n-tebvtm
AYhm CXnepw tami-amb iqI-cI
- q-Ic
- m-Zn-tbm-\n-I-fntem
As-n cuc-hmZn tLmc-\-c-I--fntem ]Xn-p-p.
kw_w apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p kmwkm-cnI t`mK-tfmSp hnc--cmb a\p-jy-cpsS BNm-c-\-S-]-Sn-Ifpw AhbpsS ^e-fpw hn-pp

81

11. X]x-{it tb lyp]-h-k-y-ctWy

imm hnZzmwtkm ss`y-]cymw Ncx
kqcy-Zzm-tcW tX hncPmx {]bmn
b{Xm-arXx k ]pcptjm lyhy-bm-m.
D]-cyp--amb t`mKm-k
- -cmb a\p-jy-cn \npw
bmsXm-cp- `n-\m-bn-cn-p-pthm a\p- jy- i-co-c-ns
alXzw {Kln-n-p--Xp-Im-cWw bmsXm-cp-s Ax-Ic-W-n ]c-am--XXzw Adn-bp--Xn\pw ]c-ta-iz-cs\
{]m]n-p--Xn\pw D C DWs-gp-tp-pthm
Ah Hcp ]t h\-n hkn-p hm\-{]-t\m
im- kz- `m-h- tm-Sp- Iq- Snb hnZzm\pw kZm- Nm- cn-bp-amb Krlt\m AYhm `n-hmn Pohn-p {_-Nm-cntbm
kym-kntbm Bbnsms, Ah \nc-- c-amb X]p-sImpw `n-sImpw tkh\w A\p-jT
v n-p-sIm-ncn- p-p. AXm-bXv Ah-c- h-cpsS hhpw B{i-ahpw ]cnX- n-Xnbpw A#p-k-cnv bmsXmcp kabw bmsXmcp
Ihyw Dm-I p- pthm Ahsb imkv{X- ns
B-b-\p-k-cnp bmsXmcp hn[-amb A`n-em-j-fpw
IqSmsX ]men-p-sImp Pohn-p-Ibpw kwb-a-\-tm-SpIqSn ia-Z-am-Zn-km-[-\-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb k--m-cm-bnv ]c-a`-n-tbm-Sp-IqSn ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Adn-bp--Xn\pw {]m]n-p-Xn\pw D km[-\-I-fn hym]r-X-cmbn Pohn-p-p. AXpsImv Xtam- c- tPm- Kp-W--fpsS hnIm-c--fn\npw kYm-iq-\yhpw \n-e-hp-amb kXz-Kp-W- n nXn-sN-p-Xp-amb kqcy-tem-I-nqSn Ah-cpsS ]c-a-{]m]y
Aar-X-kz-cq-]\pw \nXy\pw Ahn-\m-in-bp-amb ]c-a-]p-cpj
]pcp-tjm--as \nhm-k--e-tbvp t]mIp-p.
kw_- w- B ]c-{_--]c
- -ta-iz-cs\ Adn-bp- -Xn\pw
{]m]n-p--Xn-\pw-thn a\p-jy Fp-sN-Ww? AtXn hnh-cn-pp

12. ]coy temIm I-Nn-Xm {_mtWm

\nth-Z-am-bm-m-kvXy-IrXx IrtX\
XZzn-m-\mw k Kpcp-ta-hm-`n-K-tOXv
kan-Xv]m-Wnx t{im{Xnbw {_-\n-jvTw.
kzw ku`mKyw Bin-p- a\p-jy BZyw ]d-ncn-p I--fpsS ^e-kz-cq-]-amb Cu temI-ntebpw ]c-tem-I-n-tebpw ka-kX
v -kpJtfbpw \-Xpt]mse ]co-n-nv AXm-bXv hnth-I-]qw Ah-bpsS
A\n-Xy-Xbpw ZpxJ-kz-cq-]hpw {Klnv Fm-hn-[--fn-epap t`mKfn\npw kYm hnc--\m-bn-o-c-Ww.
Im-hns Al-m-c-]q-amb kIm-a-`m-h-tm-Sp-IqSn
sN-s-Sp Iw A\nXy ^es sNp-Xpw XYm
kzbw A\n-Xyhpw BIp-p. AXn-\m bmsXm-cp-
{Inbm-km-[y- \-m-Xn- cn-p-pthm A-s\- bp \nXy- ]-c- taiz-cs\ Ahp {]m]n-phm km[n-p-n-. CXp-hn-Nmcnv B Pnmkp ]c-am-m-hns hmkvX-hnI XXz-

m\w {]m]n-p--Xn-\p-thn Ic--fn kanpw

FSpv `n-hn-\-b-`m-h--tfm-S p-IqSn thZ-c-l-ky-sf
\m-bn--dn-bp--h\pw ]c-am-m-hn nXn-sN-p--h-h\p-amb kZvKp-cp-hns\ icWw {]m]n--Ww.
kw_w apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p e-W--tfm-SpIq-Snb GsX-nepw injy Kpcp-hns ASp- hcn-Ibm-sW-n Kpcp Fp-sN-Ww? CXp-kw-_-np ]dbpp

13. Xkvssa k hnZzm-\p-]-k-mb kayIv

{]im--Nn-mb iam-\zn-Xm-b.
tb\m-cw ]pcpjw thZ-kXyw
t{]mhmN Xmw XztXm {_-hn-Zymw.
thZ-\pw {_-\n-jT
v - \p-amb B alm-mhv Xs
icWw {]m]n-n-cn-p Nnw ]q-ambn imhpw
\nn--hp-am-bn--gn-n-cn-p injy\v kmwkm-cn-It`mKfn XnIpw hnc--\m-bn-o-X p-Im-c-Ww,
bmsXm-cp-s lrZ-b
- n bmsXm-cp-hn-[-amb NnIfpw hymIp-eX
- - Ifpw hnIm-c-fpw Ah-ti-jn-n-n-tbm
bmsXm- cp- ia-Z-amZn km[-\m-k- -- \m-bn-cn-p-pthm
bmsXm-cp- Xs a\-,v _pn, C{n-b
- Chsb
\mbn \nb-{nv kzm[o- \-am-n-bn-cn-p- pthm B {_hn-Zysb XXz-hn-th-N-\m-]qw a\-n-emn Ah\v D]-tZin- p-sIm-Sp- - Ww. Xm- cWw B injy\v \nXy\pw Ahn\m- in-bp- amb ]c-{_--]p-cp-tjm- -as m\w {]m]n- phm Ign-bpw.

ZznXo-b -ap-W vU Iw
{]Y-a-J Wv Uw
kw_w {]Y-a-ap-WvU-I
- nse ZznXo-b-J-WU
v -n
A]-c-hn-Zy-bpsS cq]hpw ^e-fpw ]d-X
- n-\p-tijw
AXns Xp-Xsb ImWn-p-sImv AXn\np hnc-cm-bn-cn--W-sa Imcyw ]d-nv ]c-hnZy ]Tn-p--Xn\v
kZvKp- cp-hns\ icWw {]m]n--W-sapw ]d-p. C\n ]chn-Zysb hn-p--Xn-\p {]I-cWw Bcw-`n-p-p.

1. XtZ-X-Xyw bYm kpZo-]vXm-Xv]m-h-ImZv

hnkv^p-enwKmx
kl-kvdix {]`-ht kcq]mx
XYm--cmZv hnhn[mx tkmay `mhmx
{]Pm-bt X{X ssNhm-]n-b-n.
AwKn-c-p-a-ljn ]d- bp- p. {]nb-s iu\-Im, Rm
\nv BZyta ]c-{_--]c
- -ta-iz-cs kzcq-]s
hn-p- sImp bmsXmcp clkyw ]d- p-X-n- cp-pthm
AXp kYm kXy-am-Ip-p. C\n AXn-s\s hopw
{Kln-n-p-p. {im-]qw {ihn-p-sIm-p-I. F{]-Imcw
Bfn--n-sm-n-cn-p An-bn\npw AXp-t]m-

82

I se-Xs cq]-h--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb

Bbn-c-W
- -n\p
kv^penwK \mep-]mSpw NnX-dp-pthm AXp-t]m-seXs ]c-a-]p-cpj Ahn-\m-in-{_--n \npw krjvSnIm- e
- n \m\m-{]-Im-c -n-ep `mh--tfm-Sp-Iq-S nb
aqhpw Aaq-hp-amb hkvXp- D-hn-p-Ibpw
{]f-bm-I-me-n hopw At-l-ns eo\-am-IpIbpw sNp-p. ChnsS `mhs {]I-S-am-p--Xn-\p
Imcyw {Kln-n-p--Xn-\mbn An-bp-tSbpw kv^penw-K-fp-tSbpw ZrjvSmw \I-s-n-cn-p-p.
kw_w bmsXmcp ]c-{_ ]c-ta- iz-c-\n\npw Cu
PKv D-hn-nv hopw At-l-ns hneo-\-ambn-o- cp-p. Ah kzbw Fs\ Fp hnh-cn- pp

2. Znthym lyaqx ]pcpjx

k_m-lym-`y-tcm lyPx
A{]mtWm lya\mx ipt{`m ly-cmXv
]cXx ]cx

4. An-aq[m Npjo N{-kqcyu

Znix t{imt{X hmKv hnhr-Xm thZmx
hmbpx {]mtWm lrZbw hniz-aky
]Zv`ymw ]rYnho tlyj k-`q-Xm--cm-m.

ap a{--fn bmsXmcp ]c-ta-iz-c \ncm-Im-c-kz-cq]-\mbn hn--s-n- cn-p- pthm At-l-n-t-Xp-X- sbmWv Cu {]Xy--ambn ImW-s-Sp PK-ns hncmSv
kzcq-]w. Cu hncmSv kzcq]w At-l-ns An AXmbXv ZyptemIw akvX- Ihpw N{\pw kqcy\pw cp-t\-{Xfpw kakvX Znp-I I-fpw \m\m-hn-[--fmb
O-p-I a{- - fpsS cq]- n hnkvXr-X-am-bn-cn-p
\mep thZ-hm-Wn-Ifpw hmbp-{]m-W\pw kq-Nc
- m-N-cP-Kv lrZ-bhpw ]rYzn At-l-ns ]mZfpw BIpp. Cu ]c- {_ ]c-ta-iz-c kIe Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw Acym-an-bmb ]c-am-m-hm-Ip-p.

kw_w B ]c-am-m-hn\npw Cu Ncm-Nc

- -P-KB Znhy-]p-cp-j-\mb ]c-am-mhv \n-t-l-amb BIm- ns Dn GsXmw {Ia--fn kw`-hn-pp?
v -n-bpsS {Iaw
c-c-ln-X\pw AJn-eP
- -K-n-tbpw AIpw ]pdpw ]cn- Cu {]iv\-n\v {]Im-cm-- c-ambn PK-Zp-X]
hnhc
n
p
p.
]q\pw BIp-p. Atlw Pm-Zn-c-ln-X\pw hnip-\pw
BWv; Fp-sIm-s- m At-l-n-\m-Is {]mW-\p-an5. Xkvam-Z-nx kant[m bky kqcyx
, C{n-b--fp-an-, a\-p-an-. At-l-n\v Ch-sbm-pwtkmamXv ]\y Hmj-[bx ]rYnhymw
Iq-SmsX Fmw sNp--Xn\p Ign-bp-p. AXn-\m k]qam tcXx knpXn tbmjn-Xmbmw
i-n-am-\mb B ]c-ta-iz-c Ahn-\m-in-bmb Pohm-m-hn_lzox {]Pmx ]pcp-jmXv kw{]-kqXmx
s\-mfpw AXyw t{ijvT\m-Ip-p. kYm D-a-\mIp-p.
]c-ta- iz-c Cu PK-ns\ krjvSn--tm-sgms kZm
Htc
coXn-bn-em-bn-cp-n-. As\ \nb-a-hp-an Atlw
kw_w tad e-W--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb \ncm-ImFtm
Fs\ k-ev]n-p- pthm AtX-{]-Imcw AtX
c-\mb ]c- ta- iz- c-\n\npw Cu kmIm-c-Pv Fs\ D{Ia
n
PKv D-hn-p-p. Cu `mhss
hn-pp? Cu Pnm-kbvv At-l-ns k inkv]jvS-am-p--Xn\p ChnsS {]Imc hyXym-k-tm-Sp-IqXzs hn-pp
Snb krjvSn-bpsS D-nsb hnh-cn-p-p. ]c-{_
3. GX-kvam-m-btX {]mtWm a\x
]pcp-tjm-- a-\n \npw k-{]-Y-a-ambn At-l- ns
kt-{n-bmWn N
ANn-y-i-n-bpsS Hcw- i-amb Ap-XmKv\nXXzw DmJw hmbptPym-Xn-cm]x ]rYnho
bn. AXns kanp (C\v[\w) kqcy-\m-Ipp; AXm-bXv
hniz-ky-[m-cn-Wo.
kqcy-_nw-_-ns cq]-n AXp Pzen-p-sIm-n-cn-pp. AKv\nbn\npw N{- \p-m-bn, N{- \n\npw (kqB ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a \ncm-Im-c\pw a\v C{ncy-c-ivan-bn\npw kqva-cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSn nXn-sN-bvXnb- apX-emb Ic-W-ka
- p-Zm-b--fn\npw kYm
cp Pe-n Aev]w ioXfX-bp-m-bXp Imc- Ww) taLcln-X\pw Bbn-cn-pp Fn-cp-mepw Fmw {]hnap-m-bn. taL-n\npw hjw-aqew `qan-bn \m\mp--Xn\p ka\pw BWv. Cu k in-am-\mb
{]-Im- c-n- ep Huj- [nI Dm- bn. B Huj- [nIsf `n]c-{_--]pcptjm-a-\n\n-p-X- s krjvSnIme-
-Xn\n-p-mb hocys ]pcp- j Xs h- n- ep
{]mW, a\v (A-x-Ic
- -Ww), kq C{n-b
-
kv{Xobn Xfn--tm Ah-fn\npw km\w Dm-bn.
Chbpw BIm-iw, hmbp, tXP-,v Pew Fm Poh-Pm-e-Cs\ ]c-a-]p-cp-j-\mb ]c- ta-iz-c-\n \npw Cu \m\mtfbpw hln-p ]rYzn Cu ]-a-lm-`q-X-fpw Fmw
{]-Im-c-n-ep-ap Ncm-N-c-Po-hn-I D-hn-p.
D-hn-p-p.
kw_- w- -C-{]-Imcw Fm Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw D-n- {Ikw_w C{]-Imcw Npcp--n ]c-ta-iz-c-\n as hnh-cn-nv C\n Ah-bpsS Fm c- b
v pw-thn
\npw kqva-X- Xz--fpsS D-n-sb- n ]d-nv C\n sN-s-tS bm-ZnIfpw Ah-bpsS km[-\-Ifpw ^ePK-n `K-hms hncmSv kzcq]w Zin-p--Xn-\p fpw AtX ]c-ta-iz-c-\n\npw {]I-S-am-Ipp F
{]Im- c- ]d-bpp
Imcyhpw ]d-b-s-Sp-p.

83

6. Xkvam-ZrNx kma bPpwjn Zom

bm kth {IXthm Zn-Wm
kwh--c bP-am-\ temIm
tkmtam b{X ]htX b{X. kqcyx

b--fpsS hnj-bc
- q-]--fmb Ggp kan-p-Ifpw Ggp-{]Im-c-a--fn-ep lh-\hpw AXm-bXv _mly-hn-jb cq]-fmb kan-p-If
- psS C{nb cq]-am-Ip An-bn
\nt-]-cq-]{- In-bbpw Cu C{n-b
- -fpsS hmk-m-\-cq]-amb k]vX- tem-I
- fpw AXn hkn-nv Cu C{n-bc
- qB ]c-ta-iz-c-\n\n-p-Xs EtKz- Z-nse a{- fpw ]-am-Ip k]vX- {]m-W AXm-Xn-t-Xmb Imcy- \nhkma-th-Z- nse a{- fpw bPpth-Z-nse {ipXn-Ifpw ln-p-p. \n{Zm-k-abw a\-n-t\m-Sp-IqSn Hm-bnv lrZ-bAXp-t]mse bm-Zn-I--fpsS Zobpw Fm-hn-[- cq-]-am-Ip Kpl-bn ibn-p-sIm-n-cn-p Cu Ggnn- ep-ap b-fpw {IXp-fpw Ahbvp \evI-s- t-Xmb kap-Zmbw ]c-ta-iz-c-Zzmcm AJne Pohn-I-fnepw
Sp Zn-W-Ifpw Atlw sNbvXn-cnp Cu kwh- m]n--s-n-cn-p-p.
-c-cq-]-am-Ip Imes Ahsb sNp--Xn-\p A[n- kw_- w- -C-{]-Imcw Bym-nI hkvXp--fpsS DevIm-cn-bmb bP-am-\t- \bpw Ah-bpsS ^e-kz-cq-]--fmb nbpw nXnbpw ]c-ta-iz-c-\n\n-p-Xs Fp {Klnkqcy\pw N{\pw {]Im-in-p-sIm-n-cn-p temI- fpw n-nv ]noSv PK-ns D-nbpw At-l-n\nCh-sbmw Dm-bn-cn-p-p.
p-Xs Fp ]d-p-sImv {]I-c-Ws D]-kw-l-cnkw_-w-- C\n tZhm- ZnIfpsS hyXym-k-fpw Fm kZmNm-c-fpw AtX-{_--n\npw D-hn-p. AXns\
hnh-cn-p-p.

7. Xkvam tZhm _lp[m kw{]-kqXmx

km[ym a\pjymx ]ithm hbmwkn
{]mWm-]m\u {holn-bhu X]
{im kXyw {_-Ncyw hn[n-.

p-p.

9. AXx kap{Zm Knc-b kth

kvamy-t knhx kh-cq]mx
AX khm Hmj-[tbm ck
tbss\j `qssX-kvXn-jvTtX ly-cm-m.

Cu ]c-ta-iz-c-\n \npw kakvX kap-{Z-fpw ]X- fpw D-hn-p. CXn\npw ]pd-s-v. At\-Im-Ir-XnB ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c-\n \np-Xs hkp, cp{Z I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb \Zn-I {]h-ln-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Ct-lBZn-bmbn At\Iw {]Im-c--fn-ep tZh-K-W- D- n\n-p-Xs ka-kvX-Hu-j-[n-Ifpw ck-fpw D- hn-p. At-l-n\n-p-Xs km[y-K-W-fpw ]e-hn- -am-bn-cn-p-p. Xm-c-W-m ]pjvS-amb ico-c
[-n-ep a\p-jycpw hn`n PmXn arK-fpw \m\m-Xcw fn AJn-e-n-tbpw A\-- cm- m-hmb B ]c- ta-iz- c,
]n-Ifpw AXp-t]mse ap-Po-h-Pm- e-fpw Dm-bn. Fm- B Fm Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw Bm--tfm-Spw-IqSn AXm-Xp-In- tbpw Poh-cq-]-amb {]mW\pw A]m- \\pw AXp-t]mse fpsS lrZ-b--fn hkn-p-p.
kIe Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw Blm-c-cq-]
- -fmb ]e-hn[ [ym\- kw_- w- B ]c-ta-iz-c-\n \npw Fm D-hn--Xpfpw Dm-bn. At-l-n \np Xs X]w, `n, Im-cWw Ah-sbmw Xs At-l-ns kzcq-]-am-IpkXyw, {_-Ncyw Ch {]I-S-am-bn. bmZn I- p. C{Xbpw ]dv At- ls Adn-bp-- Xp-sIm- p-m\S-p- -Xn-\p hn[n-Ifpw B ]c-ta- iz- c-\n \np-Xs Ip ^es {Kln-n-p-sImv Cu JWvUs kam{]I- S- am-bn. Fmw At- l- n \npw D- hn-p. Atlw ]n-n-pp
Xs AJn-e
- n-tbpw ImcWw Fp Xmev]-cyw.

8. k]vX {]mWmx {]`-hn XkvamXv

k]vXmnjx kan[x k]vX tlmamx
k]vX Cta temIm tbjp Ncn {]mWm
Kplm-ibm \nlnXmx k]vX k]vX.

10. ]pcpj GthZw hnizw-I Xt]m-{_ ]cmar-X w. GXtZym thZ-\n-l nXw Kplmbmw tkm
hnZym{Knw hnIn-cn-Xol tkmay.

X]v AXm-bXv kwb-a-cq] km[-\, Iw AXm-bXv

_mly km[-\-hg- n-bmbn \S--s-Sp IrXyw, ]c-am-arX
AtX ]c- ta-iz-c-\n\npw Ggp {]mW\pw AXm- bXv {_w Ch-sbmw ]c-a-]p-cpj ]pcp-tjm--a Xshnj-b-sf {]Im- in-n- p--Xn\p hntijin-bp Ggv bm-Ip-p. {]nb-iu-\-I, lrZ-b-cq-]-am-Ip Kpl-bn HfnC{n-b
- I-, Xzv, t\{Xw, ck-\, {]mW n-cn-p A-cym-an-bmb Cu ]c-ta-iz-cs\ bmsXm-cpAXp-t]mse hmWnbpw a\pw a\-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp C{n- Xncn- -d n-b p- pthm Ah Cu a\p-j y- i -c o-c b--fpsS tI, kv]in-, izkn-, kwkm-cn- ns Ahn- Zym- P-\n-X-amb Ax-I-c-W-ns sIp, a\\w sN C{]-Im-c-ap Ggp hrn-Ifpw AXm- Isf XIp-I-f-bp- p. AXm- bXv Fm {]Im-c-n- ep-ap
bXv hnj- bs {Kln- n- p--Xn- \p in-Ifpw B C{n- kwi-b--fnepw {`afn-epw-\np cln-X-\mbn ]c-{_-b--fpsS hnj-b-cq-]--fmb Ggp kvanp-Ifpw B C{n- ]p-cp-tjm--as\ {]m]n-p-p.

84

I ZznXob Jw
1. Bhnx kw\n-lnXw Kplm-Ncw \ma al-Xv]-Za
- ss{X-X--anXw GP-Xv{]m-W -n-an-j btZX-m-\Y kZ-k-Zz-tcWyw ]cw hnPvRm-\m-Zy-ZzcnjvTw {]Pm-\mw.
k-i-n-am\pw k-\pw k-hym-]n-bp-amb
]c-ta-iz-c {]Im-i-cq-]-\m-Ip-p. AJne Poh-Pm-e--fpsS
AXyw kao-]v Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-cq- ]-am-Ip Kpl-bn
Hfn-n-cn-p Imc-Ww-sIm-p-Xs Atlw Kp]vXN
- c F-t]-cn {]kn--\m-bn-on-cn-p-p. F{Xam{Xw Cf-Ip-Xpw Nen-p-Xpw izkn-p-Xpw I-Sbvp-Xpw Xpd-p--Xp-amb Pohn-I-fptm Ah-sb-mn-tbpw kap-Zmbw Cu ]c-ta-iz-c-\ns nXnsN-p-p. AJn- e-n-tbpw A{i-b-m\w Cu ]c-mhm-Ip-p. \n Ct-l s Adn-b p-hn. Ctlw
kpw Akpw AXm-bXv Imcyhpw Imc-ahpw AXpt]mse {]I-Shpw A{]-I-Shpw Fm-am-Ip-p. Fm hn[nepw hc-W-tbm-Kyhpw AXyw t{ijvThpw XYm kakvX-Po-hn-I-fp-tSbpw _pnv Apdhpw BIp-p; AXmbXv _pn-Zzm-cm-A-PvtR-b-am-Ip-p.
kw_- w- -AtX ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-csc XXzs a\n-em-p--Xn-\p-thn hopw At-l-ns kzcq]s ap hmp-If
- nqSn hn-p-p

2. bZn- a - Z y- W pt`ymWp N bkv a nw- t mIm

\nlnXm temIn-\- . XtZ-X -Z- cw {_ k
{]mW-k vX -Zp-h m-Mva\x XtZ-X - Xyw XZ-arXw
XtZz-hyw tkmay-hn-n.
bmsXmcp ]c-{_-]
- -c-ta-iz-c AXyw tZZo]yam\
{]Im-i-cq-]-am-Ip-pthm bmsXmp kqva-nepw AXnkq- va -am-bn-cn-p- p-thm-am\ {]mIm-i-cq-]-am- Ip-pthm
bmsXmp kqva-nepw AXn-kq-- a-am-bn-cn-p-pthm
bmsXm-n ka-kX
v -tem-I-fpw AXp-I-fnse Fm PohPm-e
- fpw nXn-sN-p-pthm AXm-XXv Ch-sbmw
bmsXm-ns\ B{i- bn-n- cn- p- pshm AXp-Xs Fm- ntbpw Poh ZmXm-hmb {]mW, AXp-Xs Fm-ntbpw hmWnbpw a\kvkpw AXm-bXv AJn-e-P-K-ntbpw C{n-b-fpw Ax-I-c-W-cq-]-n {]I-S-am-bn-cnp--Xpw. AXp-Xs ]c-a-c-k-Xy-hpw--A-ar-Xhpw Ahn-\min-bmb XXzhpw BIp-p. {]nb-s iu\-I, t`Zn--sSp-hm tbmKy-amb B eys \o t`Zn-p,-A-Xm-bXv
C\n ]d-b-s-Sp {]Im-c--fnqSn km[-\-sNbvXv Xb- am-bn-o-cp.
kw_- w- -e-ys t`Zn-p--Xn\v Apw hnpw
thWw. AXn-\m Cu cq]-I- ns ]q-X-b
v p-thn
Fm kma-{Kn-I-tfbpw hn-p-p.

3. [\p-Kr--lo-Xzu-]-\n-jZw alm{kw
icw lyp]m-km-\n-inXw kw[-boX
Bbay XZv `mhKtX\ tNXkm
eyw XtZ-hm-cw tkmay hnn.

F{]-Imcw Hcp _mWs ey-n-te--b

- p--Xn\p-ap-mbn AXns ap\sb NmW-bn Dcp aq-Iq-pIbpw AXn-tep Xpcp-p-I Fmw Ifv DPvPzebpw Xnf-hpw D-Xm-n-op-Ibpw sNp-pthm
AtX-{]-Imcw Xs B-cq-]-am-Ip ics D]m-k-\Zzmcm \n- ehpw ip-hp- amn AXns\ {]W-h-cq- ]- am-Ip
[\p-kk
v n \mbn sXmSp-p-hn-SWw; AXm-bXv Bmhns\ {]Whns Dm-cWnepw AXns A-cq]-amb ]c-am-Xva-Nn--bnepw kay-m-b-hn-[-n hym]rX-am--Ww. AXn-\ p-tijw bmsXm-cp-h n-[ - n [\pkvkns\ k- i-n-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn henp _mWs eyn-t e- p- h n- S p- pthm Xm- c -W - m AXn\p
eys ]q-ambpw t`Zn-p-hm Ign-bp-p. AtX{]-Im-cw-Xs ChnsS `mh-]qNn-tm-Sp-IqSn HmwImc- ns Dm- c Ww AXy- [ nIw \onbpw AXns
As {]Km-V-ambn kpZoL-Imew Nnn-p-Xn\pw ]d-bs
- -n-cn-p-p. AXp-sImv Bmhv \nn-Xcq-]-tm- Sp- IqSn Ahn-\m-in-bmb ]c-am-m-hn {]th- in-pIbpw AXp-ambn XmZmyw {]m]nv Ahn-N- e- nXn {]m]np-Ibpw sNpw. HmwIm-c
- ns t{]a-]q-a m-bp
Dm-c-Whpw AXp-t]mse AXns A-cq-]a
- mb ]c-amm-hns {]Km-V-amb Nnbpw At-ls {]m]n-p-Xn-\p ktm--a-amb D]m-b-am-Ip-p.
kw_w ]q-a-{-n]-d cq]-Is ChnsS
kv]jvS-am-p-p.

4. {]Wthm [\px itcm lymm {_

X- y-a p-NytX
A{]-a-t\ thhyw ic-h--tbm `th-Xv.
apI-fn ]d cq]-I-n ]c-ta-iz-cs hmN-I-amb
{]Whw (Hmw-Im-cw) [\ppw Cu Pohm-mhp icochpw
]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c eyhpw BIp-p. X]-c-X-tbmSp-IqSn At-ls D]m-kn-p km[-I hgn-bmbn
am{Xta B eyw t`Zn- - s- Sp-hm km[n- p-p- q. AXn\m tl tkmay, \n\p ]qtm--amb cq]-n B
eys t`Znp _mW-t-tm-se-Xs AXn X-bam-bn-o-c-Ww.
kw_- w- -hopw ]c-ta-iz-cs kzcq-]s hn-psImv {]am-Z-c-ln-X\pw hnc--\p-ambn AXns\ {Kln-p-Xn-\p-thn {ipXn ]d-bp-p.

5. bkvan Zyux ]rYnho Nm-cn

tamXw a\x kl {]mssW kssx

85

Xta-sshIw Pm\Y Bm-\-a\ym

hmtNm hnapYm-ar-Xsskyj tkXpx.
bmsXmcp ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hn kzhpw ]rYznbpw
Ah-bpsS CS-bvp kq BIm-ihpw AXp-t]mse
kakvX {]mW\pw C{n-bb
- p--amb a\pw _pn-cq-]amb Ax-I-c- Whpw Fmw DuSpw-]mhpw t]mse- bm- Ip-p,
AtX GI km-m-hmb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ \o ]qtm-amb D]m-b-Zzmcm Adn-bq. asm Imcy--tf-bpw, {KmayN-I-sf, kYm Dt]-np If-bq. Ch-sbmw \ns
km[-\-Ip XS---fm-Ip-p. AXn-\m Ah-tbmSp
kYm hnc--\mbn km[-\-I-fn X-c-\m-bn-o-cp-I.
CXp-Xs Aar-X- ns ]mew AXm-b-Xv, kwkm-c-k-ap-{ZnqSn A-sc-I-Sv Aar-X-kz-cq-]a
- mb ]c-am-mhns\ {]m]n-p--Xn-\p ]mew.
kw_w hopw ]c-ta-iz-cs kzcq-]s hn-psImv AXns {]m]vXn-m-bp km[-\-I-sf-n ]d-bpp.

6. Acm Ch cY-\m`u kwlXm b{X \mUyx

k GtjmctX _lp[m Pmb-am\x
Hman-tXyhw [ymbY Bm\w
kzkvXn hx ]mcmb Xakx ]c-kvXm-Xv.
F{]-Imcw cY-N-{I-ns tI{-n IW-m-ep-I
LSn-n-n-cn-p-pthm AtX-{]-Im-c-n ico-c-ns
Fm \mUn-Ifpw bmsXmcp lrZ-b-n GI{X nX-ambn-cn-p-pthm AtX lrZ-b-n \m\m cq]--fn {]IS-am-p ]c-{_--]-c-am-mhv A-cym-an-cq-]-n hknp-p. Ch-sb-m-n-tbpw Bmhv ]pcp-tjm--as
"Hmw' Imc-ns Dm-c-W-tm- Sp-IqSn \nc-- c-ambn [ym\np-sImp hkn-q. C{]-Imcw ]c-am-m-hns HmwIm-c-P]hpw AXns A-`q-X-amb ]c-am-m-hns\ [ym\n-psImv hkn-p--Xn\npw \n B ]c-am-m-hns\
{]m]n-p-h m ka-c m-b n- o-c pw. bmsXm-c p-
Am-\m- -Im-c-n\npw kYm AXo-X-\mbpw
kwkm- c - k m- K - c - ns A - s cbpw Bbn- c n- pw.
"\np awK-f-ap-m-Is' C{]-Imcw BNm-cy D]cyp hn[n-If
- m km[\ A\p-jvTn-p injymsc
Bio-Zn-p-p.
kw_w hopw ]c-ta-iz-cs kzcq-]ss
hn-p-p.

7. bx kx kh-hnZv bsskyj
aln-am-`qhn
Znthy {_-]ptc tlyj thymav\ymm
{]Xn-j vT nXx
at\m-abx {]mW-i-co-c-t\Xm
{]XnjvTn tXmt lrZbw kw\n-[n-bmb

XZzn-m-t\\ ]cn-]-iyn [ocm

B\--cq-]-a-arXw bZv hn`m-Xn.

bmsXmcp ]c-{_w ]c-ta-iz- c k-\pw Fma-dn-bp--h\pw Fm-`m-K-p-ap Fm-n-t\bpw \mbn--dn-bp--h\pw BIp-p, AXm-bXv tZi-Im-e
- Atl-ns m\- i-nsb _m[n-p-n-. At-l- ns
B-cy-a-lna PK-n {]Xy-- am-W.v AJn-e-n- tbpw
Bm-hmb ]c-ta-iz-c ]c-a-thymaw F \ma-m
{]kn--amb Znhym-Im-i-cq-]-amb {_-tem-I-n kzcq]- h m- \ mbn nXn-s N- p- p. Fm Pohn-I - f p- tSbpw
{]mW\pw ico-chpw \nb-{n-p-sIm-n-cn-p Cu ]c-taiz-c a\-n hym]n-n-cn-p--Xp-sImv at\m-a-b
Fp hnfn--s-Sp-p. Fm PohnIfptSbpw lrZ-b-I-a-en\m{ibw \In-smv A-a-b-amb qe-i-co-cn {]Xn-jT
v n-X-\m-bn-cn-p-p. B\--a-b-\mbn Ahn-\min-bmbn k{X {]Im-in-p-sIm-n-cn-p B ]c-{_s _pn-am-m-cmb BfpI hnm\w hgn-bmbn
{]XysSp-n-sm-n-cn-p-p.
kw_- w- -C\n ]c-am-m-hns m\-^ew ]d-bp-p.

8. `nZytX lrZ-b-{Kn ivOnZyt

k-kw-i bmx
obt Nmky ImWn XkvanZrjvtS
]cm-h -tc.
Imcy- Im-cW kzcq-]-\mb B ]c-am ]pcp- tjm- - as
XXzs {KlnpXn-\p-ta, Cu PU-i-co-css
X-fpsS kzcq-]-sap hniz-kn-p PohnIfpsS lrZb-nse Ahn-Zym-cq-]-amb sI-gnp t]mIp-p. am{X- a, Ah-cpsS Fm kwi-b-fpw Ap-t]m-Ibpw kakvX
ip`m-ip-`-I-fpw \in-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXm-bXv
B Pohn Fm _-\
- -fn \npw ap-\m-bnv ]c-am\--kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ {]m]n-p-p.
kw_w B ]c-{_--ns m\w, kzcq-]w, alna
Chsb hn-p-p.

9. lncatb ]tc tImti hncPw

{_ \njvIew
Xvip{`w tPymXnjmw tPymXn-kvX-Zy-Zm-hntZm-h nZpx
\n-e\pw \nn-Im-c\pw Ah-b-h-c-ln-X\pw Bb
AJ-WU
v -]-c-am-mhv {]Im-i-a-b-amb ]c-am-[-a-n hncmPn-p-p. Atlw kYm hnip-\pw Fm {]Im-i-bp--fmb ]Zm--fp-Sbpw {]Im-ihpw BIp- p. Atls B- m- \n- I- fmb alm-m- am{Xw Adn- bp-
.p

10. \ X{X kqtcym `mXn \ N{-Xm-cIw

t\am hnZyptXm `mn ItXmbanx
Xtah `m-a-\p-`mXn khw
Xky `mkm k-anZw hn`m-Xn.

86

B kzbw-{]-Imiw ]c-am-\ kzcq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs

kao]w kqcy {]Im-in-p-n-. kqcy-{]-Im-k-n
anm-an-\p-ns {]Imkw ep]vXa
- m-bn-o-cp--Xp-t]mse
kqcy-tX- Ppw B Ako-a-tX-P-kk
v ns apn \njv{]-`am-bn- o-c p-p. N{\pw Xmcm-K-W - fpw hnZyppw
AhnsS {]Im-i n- p- n- , ]ns Cu temI- nse
AnbpsS Imcyw Fn\p ]d- bp-p. Fp-sIm-s- m
{]Ir-X-P-K-n {]Imi kz`m-h-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bX
- - Xz--sfmw-X s ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs {]Im-i -i-n-bpsS
Awis e`n- n- p- {]- Im- in- p- p. Ahbvv X- fpsS {]Imi- Isc kao]w X-fpsS {]Imiw Fs\ hym]n-n- phm Ignbpw? Cu kq-P-Kv PK-Zm-Xm-am-hmb ]pcptjm--as {]Im-i-n\npw AYhm {]Im-i-ns
Hcp p{ZmwkwsImp {]Im-inp sImn-cn-p-p.

""{_ss-th-Z-a-arZw ]pc-kvXm-Zv{_ ]m
Zv{_lva ZnW-X-tm-t- cW
A[tm[zw N {]krXw {_lvssa-thZw
hniz-anZw hcn-jvTw.
Cu a{-n ]c-am-m-hns k-hym-]I
- X
- bpw
k-cq-]-Xbpw {]Xn-]m-Zn--s-n-cn-p-p. Cu Aa-c-cq-]\mb ]c-{_ ]c-amm-hp-Xs apnepw ]nnepw
CSpw hepw Dnepw ]pdpw apI-fnepw Xmsgbpw
k{X hym]n-n-cn-p-p. Cu hniz-{_-la
v m--ns
cq]-n Cu k-t{ijvT {_lvaw ImW-s-p-sIm-ncn- p- p.

XrXo-b -ap-W vU Iw
{]Y-a-ImWvUw

1. Zzm kp]m kbpPm kJmbm

kam\w hrw ]cn-j-kz-PmtX
Xtbm-c-\ymx-]n-ew kzmZz-y
\iv\-t\ym A`n-Nm-I -io-Xn.
KoX-bn F{]-Imcw PK-ns\ Aiz--hr--ambn
hn--s-n-cn-p-pthm AtX- {]-Imcw Xs Cu a{n ico-cs hS-hr--ambpw Pohm-m-hn-t\bpw ]cam-m-hn-t\bpw ]n-bpsS cq]-ambpw hn-n-cn-p-p.
CXp- t]mse Xs-bp h\w ItTm- ]- \n-j-nepw Kplbn {]hn-jvS-amb {]Im-ihpw Ombbpw F t]cn
hn-p-v. Bibw cp--epw {]mtbW Hp-X-s.
Cu a\pjyicocw hrwt]m-se-bm-Ip-p. Cuiz-c \pw
Pohm-mhpw kZm Hn- p-hk
- n-p- cp Iqp-]-n-Ifm-Ip-p. Ah ico-c-cq-]-am-Ip Cu hr-n Hnp-X-s lrZ-b-cq-]-am-Ip s]mn \nh-kn-p-p. Cu
cn Hmb Pohm-mhv B hr- ns ^e-cq-]-amb
kzw I-^-e-sf AXm-bXv {]mc-_v[m-\p-k-c-W-ambn
{]m]vX--fm-Ip kpJ-Zpx-J-sf Bk-n-tbmSpw hntZz-

j-tm-Spw-IqSn A\p-`-hn-p-p.ASp-Xp Cuiz-c B

I-^-e--tfm-Spw-IqSn A\p-`-hn- p-p. ASp- Xp Cuizc B I-^-e
- -tfmSv bmsXmcp {]Im-c-nepw teiam-{X-am-bn-tmepw _w-]p-emsX tIhew Ip-sImp-am- {X-an-cn-p-p.

2. kamt\ hrt ]pcptjm \natm

\oibm timNXn aply-am\x
PqjvSw bZm ]iy-Xy-\y-ao-i
aky aln-am-\-anXn hoXtimIx.
t\cs hn--s-n-cp ico-c-cq-]-am-Ip Htc-hr-n lrZ-bm-Ip amf-n hkn-p Cu Pohmmhv XtmSp-IqSn hkn-p ]c-a-kp-lr-mb ]c-taiz-cs\ t\mm-sXbpw ico-c-ns Bk--\mbn
AXns \na--\mbn AXm-bXv ico-c-tmSv At`Zyamb aa-X-]p-en AXp-hgn e`y-am-Ip t`mK-kp-J-sf
A\p-`- hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p- -Xp-hsc Ak-a-cq- ]-amb Zo\X-bn tamln-X-ambn \m\m {]Im-c-n-ep ZpxJ-sf
A\p-`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. `K-h Ir]-bm Xn
\npw `nhpw \nXyhpw Xs kao-]-p-Xs hkn-p-h\pw ]c-a-k-lr-Zb
- \pw ]c-a-{]n-b\pw `-m-cm
tkhn-X-\p-amb Cuiz-c-t\bpw PK-n `n-`n--co-Xn-Ifn {]I-S-am-bn-sm-n-cn-p At-l
- ns B-cya-bn-b mb aln-a-tbbpw {]Xy--am-b -\ p-`-hn- ptm
Ah XWw Xs timI-c-ln-X-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
kw_w Cuiz-c-kz-cq-]s hn-p-sImv Atls Xncn--dn-bp--Xp-sIm-p-m-Ip ^es hnp-p.

3. bZm ]iyx ]iytX cpIva-hw

Im-caoiw ]pcpjw {_-tbm-\nw.
XZm hnZzm ]pWy-]mt] hn[qb
\ncRvP\x ]caw kmay-ap-ss]-Xn.
ap ]d coXn-bn ]c-ta-iz-c-s B-cy-a-bn-bmb
aln-ab
- psS t\tc ZrjvSn-]-Xn-n-p-sImv At-l-n- \-`nap-J-am-bn-tm-Ip Pohm-mhv AJn-e-n-tbpw \nbmhpw {_m-hns t]mepw BZn-Im-c-W\pw kq
PK-ns\ krjvSn--h\pw Bb Znhy-{]-Imi kzcq] ]c-a]pcpj]-c- ta-iz-cs\ kmmXv- cn-ptm Ah Xs
]pWy-]m-]-I- sf kaqew \in-nv Ah-bn\npw
kYm _-c-ln-X-\mbn ]c-a-\ne\mbn ]c-a-]p-cpjs\ {]m]n-p-p.

4. {]mtWm tlyj bx k-`q-ssXhn-`mXn

hnPm-\ hnZzm `htX \mXn-hmZo
B-{IoU B-cXnx {Inbmhm
t\j {_-hnZzmw hcnjvTx

87

kXyw hnP-bn-pp; Iw hnP-bn-p-n-. ]c-ammhv kXy-kz-cq-]-\m-Ip-p. AXn-\m At-ls {]m]np--Xn\v a\p-jy-cn kXys {]Xn-jvTn-Ww Fp
Xm-cyw. ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p--Xn\v kXyw A\nhm-cy-amb Hcp km[-\-bm-Wv. AXp-t]mse temI-n ap
Imcy--fnepw kXyw al-mbn hnP-bn-p-p. anYym-`mj-Ww, Zw`v, Im]Syw Ch sImv D-Xnsb B{K-ln-p-h Ahkm\w \ncm-i-cm-bn-o-cp-p. anYym-`m-j-Ww,
anYym- N-cWw Ch kXy-ns ad- hn \S- p--Xp-sImv
Nne Ah-bn GXmp kXy-ns Awi-ap-sp
hniz-kn-p-p. AXn\npw Ahv Wn-I-amb
Aev]-kzev]w em`w Dm-Ip-Ibpw sNp-p. Fm
AXns ]cn-Wmaw ip`-am-bn-cn-p-n-. Ah-km\w kXyw
kXy-ambpw Ifhp If-hmbpw Xs Ah-ti-jn-p-p.
AXn-\m _pn-am-m kXy`mj-Wt- bpw kZm-Nm-ctbpw kzmb--am-p-p. Fp-sIm- s- m t`mK- hmk-\-I \jvS-s aljn-K-W- IS-p-t]mb amw
FhnsS Ah-km-\n-n-cn-p-pthm AhnsS ]ca [ma-amb
kw_w B ]c- am- m- hns {]m]vXn-p km[-\-Isf ]c-am- mhv nXn-sN- p-p. AXv ]ca tZh ]c- am-m- hns\
{]m]n-p--Xn-\p km[-\m-cq-]hpw kXy-m ]cnhnh-cn-pp
]q-hp-amb tZh-bm-\-am-am-Ip-p. AXn Ak-Xy-`m5. ktXy\ e`y-kvX-]km tlyj Bm
j-Wh
- pw, Zw`pw Im]-Syhpw Bb Ak-Zm-NW
- -p
kayKv mt\\ {_-N-tcy-W-\nXyw
m\-a n-.

Ax-i-cotc tPymXntbm ln ipt{`m

bw ]iy-n-b-Xbx oW-tZm-jmx.
AJn- e
- n-tbpw ico-cm-`m-K-p, lrZ-b
- n,
hncm-Pn-p-sIm-n-cn-p ]c-a-hn-ip-\pw {]Im-i-a mb
m\-kz-cq-]- \p-amb ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ Fm tZmj-fn\npw cln-X-\mb {]b-Xv\-io-e-\mb km[-I\p
am{Xta Adn-bp-hm km[n-q. kZm kXy-`m-jWw X]-cy, kwb-aw, kzm-Xym-Kw, {_-N-cy-]m-e\w Ch-bn
\np-- am-Ip bYm m\w hgn- am-{Xta B ]cam- m-hns\ {]m]n-p- hm Ignbp-p-q. CXn- s\mw hncp-ambn bmsXm-cp- t`mK--fn Bk--\mbpw t`mK-fpsS {]m]vXn-p-thn \m\m-hn-[-n-ep anYym-`m-jW- \S-nbpw Bk-n-h-im \nb-a-{]-Im-c-ap
Xs hocys cn-p-hm Ign-hn-m-sXbpw Ign-bp
kzm-]-cm-b-W-\mb Ahn-thIn a\p-jy B ]c-am-mhns\ A\p- `-hn-p-n- . Fp-sIm- s- m Ah Atls Bin-p--tX-bn-.
kw_- w- -]q-av\-tm---fmb km[-\-I-fn kXyns alna hnh-cn-p-p.

6. kXy-tah PbXn \m\rXw

ktXy\ ]m hnXtXm tZh-bm\x
tb\m-{I-a- r-jtbm lym]vX-Imam
b{X XXv kXyky ]caw \n[m-\w.

k-hym-]n-bmb Cu ]c-ta-iz-cXs AJn-e-ntbpw {]mW-\m-Ipp; ico-c

- ns Fm tNjvS-Ifpw
{]mW aqew kw`-hn-p--Xp-t]m-se-Xs hniz-n
Fmw Cu ]c-am-m-hns in-sImp kw`-hn-p-sImn-cn-p-p. Fm Pohn-I-fnepw At-l-ns {]Imiw
Dv. At-lhpw B Pohn-If
- nIqSn {]Im-in-p-sIm-ncn-p-p. Cu kwKXn {Kln-np m\nIfmb `m Hcn-epw Al- m-c-tm-Sp-IqSn s]cp- am- dp-n-. FpsIm-s- m Ahs Dn k-hym-]-I-\mb B ]cta-iz-cs in nXn-sN-pp F-h-\-dn-bp-p. ]ns
Ah-s\-n-\l
- --cn-pp? Ah-\m-Is temI-\--bvpthn `K-h-Zm-m-\p-k-cWw Xs hm-{i-a-n--\pIq-e-am-bn-p I-sf A\p-jvTn-p-sImv Fm-ntbpw Bm-hmb A-cyman `K-hm-\n {IoUn-p-p.
Ah kZm `K-hm-\p-ambn can-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Cs\-bp `K-h- Zv`- {_-m-\nIfn AXn-t{i-jvT\mIp-p. KoX-bnepw hmkp-tZ-h-cq-]s Zin-p m\nI-fmb `-msc alm-m- Fp ]d-b-s-Sp-p.

kw_-w-- D-]-cyp---fmb km[-\IfnqSn {]m]yam

-Ip ]c-am-m-hns kzcq-]s hopw hn-pp

7. _rl XZv Znhy-a-Nn-y-cq]w

kqvam Xq-va-Xcw hn`mXn
ZpcmXv kpZqtc XZn-lm-ntI N
]iyzn sslh \nlnXw Kplm-bmw.
]c-{_--]-c-am- mhv Fm- n-t\mfpw alm\pw
Znhy\pw Aeu-In-I\pw ANny kzcq-]\pw BIpp;
AXm-bXv At-l-ns kzcq]w a\-p-hgn Nnn--sSp-hm Ign-bp--X-. AXn-\m ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p- Xn\v a\p-jy {i- tbmSpw `n-tbm-Spw-IqSn ]qIYnXamb km[-\-I-fn hym]r-X- cm-bn-cn--Ww. B ]c-am-mhv
ANn-y\pw AXp-t]mse kqvan-Xm-kq-vahpw Bbn-cpnpw km[-Is lrZ-b
- n Xs kzcq-]s kzbw
{]Im-in-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. ]c-am-mhv k{X ]cn]q-\m- Ip-p. Atlw Cm Hcp-m-\hpw Hcn- Spw
Ah-ti-jn-p-n-. AXn- \m \mw Fhn-Sw-hsc Zqcs
Adn-bp-pthm Atlw AXn-\-p-dhpw \psS Ghpw
kao-]pw Dnsbpw hncm-Pn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
Fn-\-[n-Iw, ImWp-hcnsemw Xs Ah-cpsS lrZ-bkz-cq-]-am-Ip Kpl-If
- n Atlw Hfnn-cn-p-p.
AXp-sImv At-ls At\z- jnp asm-cn-Sp t]mtI
Bh-iy-an-.

88

8. \ Np-jm-Kr-lytX \m]n hmNm

\mss\ytZ sshkvX-]km IWm hm
m\-{]-k m-tZ\ hnip--k-Xz
kvXXkvXp Xw ]iytX \njvIew [ymbam\x

Xw Xw temIw PbtX Xmw Imamw

kvXkvam-Zm- w lytbZv `qXn-Imax

hnip--amb Ax-I-c-W-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb a\p-jy t`mK-fn\npw kYm hnc--\mbn \n-e-amb AxI-c-W-tmsS \nc--c-ambn ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs\ [ym\nB ]c-{_-s a\pjyv Ip-I-fm Zin-pp-p-s h- n Atm At-l s {]m]n- p-h m
hm km[y-a; am{X-a-, hmWn apX-emb an-{n-b-
Ah\p Ign-bp-p. Fm Ah kYm \njvm-a-\maqehpw Atlw {Kln--s-Sp-n-. AXp-t]mse \m\m-hnbn-cn-p-n-s- n Fsmw temIm-`n-em-j--sf-n
[-n- ep-ap X]--cy-If
- mtem I- -fmtem AtNnn- p-pthm A{]-Imcw GsXmw t`mK-sf Cn-pls {]m]n-p-hm km[n-p--X-. Ah-b-h-c-ln-X\pw
pthm AXm-Xn-t-Xmb temI-sf Pbn--S-p-p, B
]c-a-hn-ip--\p-amb B ]c-am-m-hn-s\-bm-Is a\pjy
temI--fn t]mhp- Ibpw Ahn-Sp t`mK- sf {]m]n-pFm t`mK-kp-J--fnepw \np apJw Xncn-,v B{K-l-c-lnIbpw sNp-p. AXn-\m sFiz-cys A`n-e-jn-p
X-\mbn hnip--amb Ax-I-cWw hgn-bmbn \nc--c-ap
a\p-jy ico-c-n\npw `n-ambn Bm-hns\ Adn[ym\w-sImv m\- ns \n-e- X-bn IqSn Zin-pbp Ax-I-c-W-bp--amb hnthI ]pcp-js\ tkhn-phm Ign-bp-p. AXn-\m B ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-pIbpw kev-cn-p-Ibpw sN-s. Fp-sIm-s-m
hm Bsc-nepw B{K-ln-pp Fn Ah kwkmAh X\n- p- th- nbpw ap- - hp- th- nbpw Fsmw
c- t`m- K - -f n\npw kYm hnc- - \ m-b n, Fm
B{K-ln- p-p- hthm AXv ]q-ambn `hn- p-
p.
A`nemjfpw XyPnv GI-am-{X-\mb ]c-{_ ]c-am-mhns {]m]n- p- -X n\v At-l - ns NnZznXo- b -J WvU w
bns \na--cm-bn-cn--Ww.
kw_w ]q-{]-I-c-W-n hnip-m-x-I-cW-tmkw_w C\n B ]cn-ip ]c-am-mhv Fm lrZ-bSp-Iq-Snb km[-Is Ign-hns\ hn-p--Xn-\p-thn
-fnepw hkn-p-p. Fm Fm Pohn-If
- nepw AtkwK-Xn-h-im A`n-em-j-]qn-bpsS Imcyw ]d-tb-ls Fp-sIm- - dn- bp- n? ip- amb Ax- I-c-W- tmXmbn hp. AXp-sImp \njvm- a-`m-hs {]iw-knpw
Sp-Iq-Snb a\p-jy F-dn-bpp? CtX-n hnh-cn-p-.p
kIm-a-`m-hs \nn-pw-sImv hopw {]I-cWw Bcw`n-p-p.
9. GtjmWpcmm tN-Xkm thZn-Xthym

bkvan {]mWmx ][m kwhn-thi

{]mssW-nw k-tamXw {]Pm\mw
bkvan hnipt hn`-h-tXyj Bm.
bmsXmcp ico-c
- n {]mW, A]m-\, hym\,
kam-\, DZm-\ Cu Ap-co-Xn-I-fn-ep {]mW {]thinp {]hn- p-sIm- n- cn-p-pthm AtX ico- c-ns
Dn lrZ-b-ns ay`mK-mbn mXr-cq-]-n
Adn-b- s-Sp Cu kqva-amb Pohm-mhpw hkn- p-p.
Fm Fm Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw Fm Ax Ic-W-fpw
{]mW-t\m-Sp-IqSn tbmPnp hn-pp; AXm-bXv Cu
{]mW-t\bpw C{n-b--tfbpw Xr]vXn-s-Sp-p-- Xn-\p-mbn-p \m\m- {]- Im-c-n- ep t`mK- hm-k-\-I- fm aen- \hpw
p_v[-hp-am-bn-sm-n-cn-p-p. Cm-c-W-m Fm
a\p-jypw ]c-am-m-hns\ Adn-bp-hm km[n-p-n-.
Ax-Ic
- Ww hnip--am-bn--gn-m Pohm-mhv Fm
{]Im-c-nepw ka-am-bn-o-cp-p. AXn-\m t`mK-fn\npw hnc--\mbn ]c-am Nn-bn apgp-In-bn-cnpp Fn Atm At- ls {]m]n-p-hm km[np-p. adnv t`mKm-`n-emjfn Bk--am-bn-cn-pp
Fn B{K-ln-p t`mK-sf {]m]n-p-p.

10. bw bw temIw a\km kwhn-`mXn

hnip--kzx Ima-btX bmw Imam

1. k sshssZ-XXv ]caw {_-[m-a

b{X hnizw \nlnXw `mXn ip{`w
D]m-ktX ]pcpjw tb lyIm-a
kvtX ip{I-taX ZXn-hn [ocmx
Cs\ bmsXm-cp--\n Cu kq-amb PKv
nXn-sN-pp F {]Xo-Xn-bp-m-Ip-pthm B ]c-ahn-ip-\pw {]Im-k-a-b-[m-a-kz-cq-] -\p-amb ]c-{_--]-c -amm-hns\ ka-kX
v -t`m-K--fn-ep-ap A`n-em-j-sf shdpp-t]-nv \nc-cw At-ls [ym\np Ign-bp
km[-I a\-n-em-p-p. bmsXm-cp- B ]c-am-mhns\ D]m- knp Ign-bp-pthm G{I-am-{X\mb At-l-ss B{K-ln-p-pthm Ah ]q-\n-j
v m-a-\m-bn-gn-bpp F Imcyw \n-b-am-Ip-p. bmsXm-cp-hn-[-nep-ap A`n-emjfnepw Ahs a\v Ipcp-p-n-.
AXn-\m Ah Cu ctPm-abico-cs XyPnp Ign-bpp. Ah\p ]p\w Dm- Ip-n- . AXn-\m Ahs\
_pn-am-s\p ]d-bp-p. Fp-sIm-s- m bmsXm-cp kmc-h-kX
v p-hn-\p-thn Akm-c-h-kvXp-sf XyPnp-pthm Ah _pn-am-\m-Ip-p.
kw_w C\n kIma ]pcp-js\ \nn-p-sImv apIfn ]d-np kwKXn kv]jvS-am-p-p.

89

2. Imam bxIm-a-btX a\y-am\x

k Ima-`n PmbtX X{X X{X
]cym-]vXI
- m-aky IrXm--\ -kvX zn
sslh kth {]hn-eo-bn Imamx.
bmsXm- c p- t`mKsf BZ- c n- p- p-h thm
bmsXmcps ZrjvSn-bn Cu temI-n-tebpw ]c-temI-n-tebpw t`mK- kpJ-tl-X p-I-f--fm-b n-cn- ppthm Ah t`mK-sf A`nejnp-Ibpw \m\m-{]-Imc-nep B{K-l- Imc-W-am-bn- s Fhn-s Ssbmw t`mK e`y-am-Ip-hm km[n-ptam Ahn-sSsbmw Im-\p-k-cWw P\n- p-Ibpw sNp-p. Fm
bmsXm-cp- `K-hm-s\-s B{K-ln-p-pthm Cu
PK-ns kpJ-t`mKsf shdp-tm-Sp-IqSn hon- p-Ign-bp-pthm B hnip--amb Ax-Ic
- -W-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb
`s Fm A`n-em-j-fpw Cu ico- c-nXs hneo\- am-bn- o-cp-p. kz]v\-ntmepw Ahs ZrjvSn t`mK-fpsS t\tc Db-cp-n- . X^-e-ambn Ah\p ac-Wm-\cw \ho\ Pw kzoI-cn-t--Xmbn hcp-n-. Ah
`K-hms\ {]m]np P\-\-a- cW _-\--fn \npw kZm
ap-\m-bn-o-cp- p.
kw_w Ign cp a{fn-embn `K-hms ]c-a{]n-b-cmb bmsXmcp `-m-sc-n hn-n-cn-p-pthm
Ahv ]c- am-m- hmb ]c-{_ ]pcptjm-a Zi\w
\Ip Imcyw C\n hnh-cn-p-p.

3. \mb-amm {]h-Nt- \\ et`ym

\ ta[bm \ _lp\m {iptX\
btasshj hrWptX tX\ e`y
kvXsskyj Bm hnhr-WptX X\pw kzmw.

bmsXm-cp- imkv{X-se ]Tn-nv Bth-i-]qamb {]`m-j-W- -fnqSn ]c-am-- X- Xzs \m\m-{]-Imc-n hn-p-pthm B X-io-e-\mb _pn-am\v
At-ls e`n-p-n-. bmsXm-cp- _pn-am-\msW Al- m-c- m {]a--\mbn X- hgn hnthN\w \Sn At-ls a\-n-em-p--Xn\p {ian-ppthm Ah\pw At-ls a\-n-em-p-hm Ign-bp-n. AXp-t]mse Xs ]c-am-- hn-j-b-n hf-sc-b-[nIw
tIp-Ibpw {in-p-Ibpw sNbvXnph\pw Atls {]m]n- p-h m Ign-b p- n- . bmsXm-c p-s\
Atlw kzbw kzoI-cn-p-pthm Ah\v At-ls
{]m]n-p-hm Ign-bp-p. bmsXm-cp- At-ls
{]m]n-p--Xn\v DXv- S-amb C-tbm-Sp-Iq- Sn-bn-cn- p-pthm
bmsXm-cp-\v At-l-s-Iq-SmsX Pohn-p-hm km[ya-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm Atlw Ah-sc-s kzoI-cn-pp. bmsXm-cp- Xs _pn-tbbpw km[-\Itfbpw
B{i-bn-msX At-l-ns Ir]sb am{Xw {]Xo-np
Ign- bp-pthm A-s\-bp Ir]m-\n`-c-\mb km[-Is
ta ]c-am-mhv Ir]-bp--h-\mbn Xs tbmK-am-b-bpsS

ad-h-en-p-amn Ahs apn Xs kzcq]w {]Xy--sSp-n-m-Wn-p-p.

4. \mb-amm _e-lo-t\\ et`y

\ N {]am-Zm--]tkm hm]y-en-MvKm-Xv.
GssX-cp-]m-ssbb-XtX bkvXp hnZzmw
kvXsskyj Bm hnitX {_-[m-a.
Cu {]I-c-W-n ]d-n-cn-p AJn-e-n-tbpw
B-cq- ]- amb ]c-{_ ]c- ta-iz-cs\ D]m-k-\m- _- e- an-m
a\p-jy\p {]m]n- p-hm Ign- bp-n- . kakvX t`mK--tfmSp-ap Bi-bp-t]-nv GI-am-{X-\mb ]c-am-m-hns
D-Sa
- mb A`n-em-j-tm-Sp-IqSn \nc-cw hnip--`m-htm-Sp-IqSn Xs CjvS-tZ-hs\ Nnn-p-Xv D]m-k-\m_-es k-bn--em-Ip-p. C{]-Im-c-ap _e-m
cln-X-\m-b- h\v At- ls e`n- p-n-. CXp-t]m-se- Xs
Ihy XymK-cq-]a
- m-Ip {]am-Zw-sImpw Atlw
{]m]y- \-m-Xm-bn- o-cp-p. AXp-t]mse kmXzn- I-e- - W- fm cln-X- amb kwbacq-]-X-]-p-sImv Hcp km[-I\p
{]m]n- p- h m Ign-b p- n- . Fm _pn-a m- \ mb
km[I ]qtm---fmb D]m-b--fnIqSn ]cn-{i-anv, AXm-bXv {]am-Z-c-ln-X-\mbn D- S-amb A`n- em-j-tmSp-I qSn \nc-cw B ]c-ta-iz-cs\ D]m-k n-p- pthm
Ahs Bmhv ]c-{_-]-c-am-m-hn {]th-in-p-p.
kw_w ap]-d coXn-bn ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]nn-p alm-]p-cp-j-m-cpsS al-Xzs hn-p-p.

5. kw{]m-ss]y-\-ar-jtbm m\-Xr]vXmx
IrXm-mt\m hoX-cmKmx {]immx
tX kKw kh-Xx {]m]y [ocm
bpm-m\x k-ta-hm-hn-i-n.
hnip--amb Ax-I-c-W-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hcpw kYm
Bk-n-c-ln-X-cp-amb aljn-KWw apsNm coXn-bn
Cu ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs\ \mbn {]m]n-nv m\m Xr]vX-cm-bn-o-cp-p. Ahp bmsXmcphn[-nep-ap A`m-h
- ntbpw t_m[w Dm-Ip-n-. Ch
]q-Im-a-mcpw ]caim- m-cp-ambn Pohn-p-p. Ah
X- ms\ ]c- am-m-hp- ambn _- sv At-ls Fm
`mK- p- \npw {]m]np \nXy- {_- - n ]q-ambn {]hnjvS-am-Ip-p.
kw_w C{]-Imcw ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n alm-]p-cpj- m-c psS aln-asb hn- -tijw {_-t em-I-ntebvp t]mbn-p alm-]p- cp-j-m-cpsS apnsb hnp-p.

6. thZm hnm\ kp\n-n-Xmmx

kym-k-tbm-KmZv bXbx ip-kzmx
tX {_-tem-tIjp ]cm--Imte
]cm-arXmx ]cn-ap-Nyn kth.

90

bmsXm-cp- thZm imkv{Xs kayIv m\Zzmcm AXns A-k z-c q-] -a mb ]c-a m- m-h ns\
\mbpw ZrV- ambpw a\-n-em-p-pthm XYm I-^-en- tbpw Im-k-n-bp-tSbpw XymK-cq-]-tbm-K-cq-]tm-Sp-IqSn bmsXm-cp-s Ax-Ic
- Ww XnIpw ipam-bn-o-cp-pthm A-s\-bp {]b-X\
v -io-ec
- mb km[I ac-W-Im-e-n ico-cs XyPnp ]c-{_ ]c-amm-hns Znhy-k-t- X-n {]th-in-p-Ibpw AhnsS ]cam-ar-X-kz-cq-]-\mbn kmwkm-c-_--\-n \npw \nXyambn apn {]m]n-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
kw_- w- -bm-sXm-cp-s ]c-am {]m]vXn CtX ico-cns Dm-Ip-p. Ay-Im-ev Ah-s nXn
F-s\-bp--Xm-bn-cnpw? Cu B{K- l-n\p adp-]Sn ]dbpp

7. KXmx Ipemx ]-Zi

- -{]-XnjvTm
tZhm kth {]Xn-tZ-h-Xmkp!
ImWn hnm-\-ab Bm
]tchytb kh GIo-`-h-n.
B alm ]pcp-js tZlmy ka-bv ]Xn-\p IeIfpw a\-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp Fm tZh-X-Ifpw Ch-sbmw
AXm-Xp-I-fpsS tI{-i-n-I-fntmbn nXn-sN-p-p.
Athm- Sp-IqSn B Poh-p-\p bmsXmcp _- fpw Ahti-jn-p-n-. A\-cw Ahs kakvX I-fpw
hnm-\-a-b-amb Pohm-mhpw Fmw ]ca Ahn-\m-inbmb ]c-{_--n eo\-am-bn-o-cp-p.
kw_w Pohm-mhp ]c- {_- - n F{]-Imcw eo\amIpp? Cmcyw hnh-cn-p-p.

8. bYm \Zyx ky-am\mx kapt{Z

kvXw Kn \ma-cqt] hnlmb

kYm AIp Pohn-p-p. Fm ]m]-k--b-fn\npw ]q-ambpw IS- p- t]m- Ip- p. lrZ-b- n-ep
Fm kwib-fpw Al-mcfpw hnj-bm-k-n-Ifpw
thtcmsS \in-nv Aa-c-\m-bn-o-cpp; P\\ ac-W-c-lnX-\m- bn-o-cp- p.
kw_- w- Cu {_-hn-Zy-bpsS Ah-Im-insb hnp-p.

XtZ-X-Zr-Nm-`yp-w
10. {Inbm-hx t{im{Xnbm {_-\njvTmx
kzbw PplzX GIjnw {i-bx
tXjm tasshXmw {_-hnZymw htZX
intcm-{hXw hn[n-h-ssZykvXp Now.
bmsXm-ns\ Cu D]-\n-j-n hn-n-cn-p- pthm
B {_-hn-Zysb kw_-nv Hcp Imcyw a{- Zzmcm hyam- n-bn- cn-p- p. bmsXm-cp- Xs h-n\pw B{ia-n\pw ]cn-X-n-Xnpw A\p-k-c-Wa
- mbn \njvIm-a-`mh-tmsS bYm-tbmKyw I- A\pjvTnp-pthm
thZ-nse bYm cl-ky-sf Adn- bp-Ibpw ]c- {_
]c-am-m-hns\ D]m-kn-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm AXns
Pnm-kp-hp-am-bn-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cp- kzbw
""GIjn'' F \ma-m {]kn--amb t{]mz-en-Xm-nbn imkv{X-hn-[n-b\
- p-k-cnv {i-tbm-Sp-IqSn lh\w
sNp-pthm bmsXm-cp- hn[n-{]-Imcw {_-Ncyw
]men-n-cn-p-pthm Ah-\p-am{Xw Cu {_-hnZy D]-tZin-p- sIm- Sp- -Ww.

11. XtZ-X Xv kXy-ar-j n-c -Mv Kn-c mxh ]ptcm-hmN

ss\X-Z-No-{htXm[otX. \ax ]c-a-Ej
- nt`ym
\ax ]c-a-Ej
- n-`yx.

XYm hnZzm \ma-cq-]mZv hnapx

]cm-Xv]cw ]pcp-j-ap-ss]Xn Znhyw.

{_-hn-Zym-cq-]a
- m-Ip Cu kXys BZyw AwKncp aljn apI-fn ]d-n-cnpw {]Imcw iu\-Ia
- ljnv D]-tZ-in-p-sIm-Sp-p. bmsXm-cp- hn[nHgp-In-sm-n-cn-p \Zn- I Ah-bpsS \ma-cq-]-
]qw {_-N-cys ]men-p-n-tbm Ah\v CXp ]TnFmw XyPnv F{]- Imcw kap-{Z- n ebn-p-tN-cp-pthm
p-hm km[n-p-n-. AXm-bXv CXns KqVmw
A-s\- Xs m\n- I \ma- cq-]-c-ln- X-cmbn ]cm-]c Znhy
{Kln-p-hm Ign-bp-n-. alm-ap-\n-amp \a-k
v mcw,
]pcp-j- \mb ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hn eo\-cm-bn-o-cp-p.
alm-ap-\n-amp \a-kvm-cw. C{]-Imcw c-p{]m-hiyw
9. k tbm l ssh XXv]-caw {_ thZ {_ss ap\n-amsc \a-k
v -cn-p-sImv {K-ns Ays
h `hXn \mkym-{_--hn-XvIpte `h-Xn. XcXn kqNn-n-p-p.

timIw XcXn ]m]v a m\w Kplm- { K- nt`ym

hnaptmartXm `h-Xn.
bmsXm-cp- B ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ Adn-bppthm Ah {_w Xs Bbn-o-cp-p. Ahs
hwi- n, AXm-bXv Ahs km- \- - fn Bcpw-Xs
{_s Adn-bm--h-cmbn ImWp-Ib
- n-. Ah Fm
{]Im-c-n-ep-ap timI--fn\npw Nn- I-fn\npw

imn- ] mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx {iWp-bma tZhm `{Zw
]tiy amm-` n-cy-P{Xmx
nssc-c-MvssK-k vXp-j vSphmw kkvX-\q`nhytia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx

91

kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \x

]pjm hniz-thZmx
kzkvXn \kvXmtym Acn-jvS-t\anx
kzkvXn t\m _rl-kX
v ]
- nZ-[m-Xp.

Hmw imnx ! imnx ! imnx !!!

CXns Aw Cu D]-\n-j-ns Bcw-`-n

sImSp-n-p-v.

3
amqtIym]
\
nj
v
1
imn- ] mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx {iWp-bma tZhm `{Zw
]tiy amm-` n-cy-P{Xmx
nssc-c-MvssK-kvX p-j vS phmw
kkvX\
- q-`nhytia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx
kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \x
]pjm hniz-thZmx
kzkvXn \kvXmtym Acn-jvS-t\anx
kzkvXn t\m _rl-kX
v ]
- nZ-[m-Xp.
Hmw imnx ! imnx ! imnx !!!

fnqSn Ncn-p- hm km[n- p-p. AXn- \m Ah- tcmSpw

{]mn-p-Xv DNn-X-am-bn- cn-pw). AJne temI--fnepw
kpb-it- m-Sp-Iq-Snb tZh-cm-P C{, k--\mb
]pjm, Acn-jSv -\n-hm-c-I-\mb Xmy, (K-cp-U) _pncm-P-\mb _rl-k]
v Xn Cu Fm tZh-X-Ifpw `K-hms
Znhy-hn- `q-Xn-I BIp- p. Ch Ftmgpw \psS sFizcy
s hn-n--tW. Ch-cpsS Ir]- bm \apv Ftmgpw
awKfw Dm-bn-sm-n-cn--tW. Bym-n-Ihpw B[nssZ- hn- Ihpw B[n`uXn- Ihpw Bbp Fm Xm]-pw
imn Dm-I-tW.

1. Hman-tXy-Z
- -c-anZw kw Xtkym-]h
- ym-Jym\w
`qXw `h-Zv`h
- n-jy-ZnXn k-tam-mc Gh. bm\yXv {XnIm-em-XoXw XZ-t]ym-mc Gh.

Kpcp-Ip- e- n hnZy A`y-kn-p injy Xs Kpcp,

kl-]m-Tn, am\-h-Ipew Chp awK-f-ap-m- Ip- -Xn-\p tZhX-I-tfmSp {]mn-p-p. tl tZh-K-W-tf! R
Cu D]- \n- j-n ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns ka{K cq]kzw I- -f nqSn awK-f -I -c -a mb hN-\ - X- Xzs {Kln- n- p-- Xn\v At-ls \mep ]mZ-- fmbn
tI- tW. \n, apJ- kX
v p-Xn, Ak`yw AXp- t]m-ep ap k-ev]n-n-cn-p-p. \ma-n-tbpw \man-bp-tSbpw GI]m]-I-c--fmb kwK-Xn-I Ch R-fpsS I--fn Xsb {]Xn-]m-Zn-p--Xn\p {]W-h-ns A, D, av Cu
]Xn-m-Xn-cn--tW. R-fpsS kzw PohnXw bmK-]-cm- aqp am{X-I-tfmSpw am{Xm- c-ln-X-amb At-l- ns Ahyb-Wa
- mbn `hn--tW. R kZm `K-hZ- m-cm-[-\-I-fn -cq-]-tmSpw IqSn ]c-{_ ]ctaizcs Hmtcm ]mZhym]r-X-cm-bn-cn--tW. I-sImp {ihn--am{Xw n\p XpeyX ImWn--s-n-cn-p-p. C{]Imcw Cu a{sNmsX t\{X-sImpw kZm awK-f-I- sf n ]c-{_--]-c-am-m-hns HmwIm-c-am-Ip \mas
Zi\w sN-tW. GsX-nepw Aaw-K-f-Im-cn-tbm \mi-n- ka-{K-]p-cp-tjm--a-\n \npw A`n--am-bn--cpXn "Hmw'
tep ]Xn-p-sIm-n-cn- p- tXm Bb ImgvN-I R F Cu Acw Xs ]q-{_-hpw Ahn-\m- in-bmb
Zin-m-Xn-cn-- tW. R- fpsS Fm Ah-b-h-fpw kpZr- ]c- am-mhpw Fp ]d- b- s-n-cn- p-p. {]Xy-- ambn ImWVhpw AXy-[nIw ]pjvS-hp-am-bn-o-c-tW. R-fpsS s-S p Cu PU-tN-X -\ -I-fpsS kap-Zm-b -cq-]-am-Ip
PohnXw t`mK-hn-em-k--fnepw {]am-Z--fnepw IqSn IS-p- kq-P-Kv At-l-ns \nI-S-X- a-amb aln-a-bpsS
t]m-Im- Xn-cn- - tW. `K- hm\p {]tbm-P-\-I-c- am-I---hn- [- n- \nZi-\-am-Ip-p. bmsXmcp qehpw kqva-hp-amb
ep Bbpp Rp e`n--tW. (tZ-h-I \psS PKv D-hn-nv At-l-ns hneo-\-am-bn--gnFm C{n-b
- -fnepw hym]nv AXns kwc--Whpw p-thm-bm-sXmv Cu kabw h-am-\-am-bn-c n-pkwNm-e-\hpw \S-p-p. Ah-\p-Iq-e-am-bn-cn-p--Xp- pthm bmsXmv At- l-n\npw Dm- Ip-hm-\n-cn-psImv \psS C{n-b
- v kpK-a-ambn km-- pthm Ah-sbmw HmwIm-cw Xs-bm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv

92

I ]c-{_--]-c-am- mhp Xs-bm-Ip- p. AXp-t]mse

bmsXmv {XnIm-e-pw AXo-X-ambn CXn\npw
`n-am-bn-cn-p-pthm AXpw HmwImcw Xs-bm-Ip-p.
AXm-bXv Imc-Ww, kqvaw, qew Cu aqp t`Z-tfmSpw IqSnb PKpw CXns\ hln-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
]c-{_-
- ns bmsXm-cwiw CXns B-cq-]-nepw
B[m-c-cq-]-nepw {]Im-in-p-sIm-n-cn-p-pthm ]c-amm-hns B kzcq]w A{X Xs-b; Atlw AXnt\m thdn-n-cn-p-p. AXp-sImv At-l-ns
k]vj-S-am-bn-cn-p Awihpw AXn--Xo-X- ambn as-sm-aptm AsXmw IqSn-bm am{Xta ]c-{_--]-c-am-mhns ka-{K-amb cq]-am-Ip-p-q.
bmsXm-cp- ]c-{_-s kmIm-c-amtbm \ncm-Im-catbm AYhm kYm \nhn-ti-j-amtbm am{Xw Icp-Xppthm At-ls k--X, km-[m-c-X, k-Imc-W-X, B\-w, hnm\w apX-emb kKp-W--fm
ks\p {Kln- m-Xn-cn-p-pthm Ahscmw B ]c{_-
- ns Hmtcmtcm Awi-s-am{Xw ]c-am-m-hmbn
{Kln-p-p. ]q-{_ ]c-am-mhp kmIm-c\pw \ncmIm- c\pw BIp-p. AXp-t]m- se-Xs kmImc \cm-Imc cq] cn\npw cln-X\pw BIp-p. ]q-cq-]-tmSp-Iq-Snb Cu PKv At-l-ns Xs kzcq-]-am-Ipp. Fm Atlw CXn\npw kYm `n\pw
BIp-p. Atlw k-Kp-W-cl
- n-X\pw \nhn-ti-j\pw
k-Kp-W-k--\pw Bbn-cp-n-p-IqSn At-ls
kmw-K-]q-s\p KWn-p-p.
kw_w Fmw HmwIm-c-am-Ip--sX- s\? AtX-n
]d-bp-p.

2. kw tlyXZv {_m-b-amm {_tkm

bamm NXp-jv]m-Xv.
Cu kq-amb PKv {_-n\npw HpwXs `n-amb H- . Fmw {_hpw HmwImcw AXns
\mahpw Bb-Xp-Im-cWw \man-b n\npw A`n-hpw
BIp-p. Cmcyw BZy- a-{- nXs ]d-p-I- gn-ncn-pp; Fp-sIm-s- m Cu ]q-{]-]w B ]c{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs ico-chpw Atlw CXns A-cyman-bmb Bmhpw BIp-p. AXn-\m B km-m-hpXs {_-am-Ip-p. B ]c-am-mhp apt ]d-- t]mse
\mep ]mZ--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\m-Ip-p. hmkvX-h-n AJWvU\pw \nc- h-b-h- \p- amb B ]c-{_--]- c- am- m- hns\ \mep
]mZ--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bh
- Fp ]d-bpXp icn-b
- . Fncp-mepw At-ls ka-{K-cq-]-n hymJym-\n-p-Xv
At-l-ns kv]jvS-X-bpsS {]Im-c-t`-Z-sf {ipXnI
fn ]e m\pw \mep ]mZ--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h Fp
hn`m-h\w sNbvXn-p-v. AtX ho-W-ns ChnsSbpw {ipXn ]dbp-p.

3. PmK-cn-X
mt\m _ln-jv{]x k]vXmMvK
GtIm-\ - h nw-i -X n-apJx qe-` p-Kvs sh- i zm-\ cx
{]Yax ]mZx

]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hn\v B \mep ]mZ- Fs\

F{]-Imcw Dmbn? Cu Imcyw {Kln-n-p--Xn\p Pohmm-hn-sbpw AXns qe-kq-va-Im-cW ico-c--fptSbpw DZm-l-cWw hgn B ]c-am-m-hns ]mZ--fpsS
h\ {Ia-ambn sNp-p. Ah-bn BZy-]m-Zs Cu
a{- n hn-n-cn-p-p. F{]-Imcw Pm{K-Z-h- -bn
Cu qeicoc-ns Alw-Im-cn-bmb Pohm-mhv incp-ap-X ]mZw hsc Ggv AwK--fm bp-ambn qehn- j-b-sf D]-t`m-Kn-p- -Xn- \p Zzmc-cq-]-- fmb ]n{n- b- fpw Ap-{]m-W\pw \mev AxIcW-fpw C{]Imcw B ]sm]Xp apJfnqSn hnjbsf
A\p-`-hn- p-I bpw AXns Adnhp _mly-P-K- n
hym]n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm AtX-{]-Imcw
Xs k]vX- temI cq]fm-Ip k]vXmwKfpw C{nb
kaq- l hpw {]mW\pw A x- I - c - W hpw Cs\
]sm]Xp apJ--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu qe-P-K-{Zp-]-amIp ico-c- ns Bmhv bmsXm-cp- Fm tZh- XIfpw ]nXrfpw a\p-jycpw Bb kakvX Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw
t{]c-I\pw kzman-bp-am-b-Xp-Im-cWw Cu qe PK-ns
mXmhpw t`mm-hp-am-bn-cn- p-pthm bmsXm-cp- s
{]Im-i\w Cu {_m-WU
v -n kw`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-ppthm AXv k-cq] sshizm-\-c-\mb B ]c-{_ ]cta-iz-cs Hm-as ]mZ-am-Ip-p.
Cu hniz-tbpw AXnse a\p-jy-tcbpw Iqn sshizm\-cy Fp ]d-bp-p. Cu hypev]n A\p-k- cnv qeP-{Zp] ico-ct- m-Sp-Iq-Snb k-cq-]\
- mb PK-Zo-iz-cs\
ChnsS sshizm-\-c Fp hnfn-p-p.

4. kz]v\-mt\mx {]x k]vXmwK GtIm\- h nw- i - X n- a pJx {]hn- h n- - ` pIv ssXPtkm

ZznXobx ]mZx
Cu a{-n ]q-{_ ]c-am-m-hns cmas ]mZs hn-p-p. F{]-Imcw kz]v\m-h-bn kqv a-i-co-c-ns A`n-am-\n-bmb Pohm-mhv
t\ct ]d--Xp-t]mse kqva--fmb Ggw-K--tfmSv
]sm]Xp apJ--tfm-Spw-IqSn kqva hnj-b
- sf
D]t`mKw sNp-Ibpw AXns AXns m\w
hym]n-n-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm AtX {]Imcw Xs
bmsXmv qem-h- -bn \np `n-ambn kqva-cq-]n ]cn-W-anp k]vX-tem-I-cq-]a
- b k]vXmw-K-fpw
XYm C{n- b w, {]mW , A - I x- I - c - W - c q- ] - a mb
]sm]Xp apJ--fm bp-amb kqva PK-{Zp-]-amIp ico-c-n nXn-sN-p AXns Bmhv lncWy-K`-am-Ip-p. AXv kakvX PU-tN-X-\m--I
- -fmb
kqva-P-K-ns ka-kvX-X-Xz--fp-tSbpw \nb-mhpw
mXmhpw AJn-e-tbpw Xn-tebvv {]thinn-p-

93

I sIm-n-cn-p--h-\p-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m AXns t`mm

hpw ]cn-N-b
- m-c\pw Fp ]d-bs
- -Sp-p. Cu tXPv
AXm-b-Xv kqva-{]-Im-i-amb lncWy K`w B ]q
{_ ]c-am-m-hns cm-as ]mZ-am-Ip-p.

5. b{X-kp]vtXm \ I\ Imaw Ima-btX

\ I\
kz]v\w ]iyXn Xpjp]vXw.
kpjp-] vX - m\ GIo
`qXx {]m-\-L\ Ghm-\--atbm
lym\ `pIv
tNtXm-apJx {]m-kvXr-Xobx ]mZx.
Cu a{- n Pm{K-Z-h--bpsS Imc-Ww, ebm-h
cq]-amb kpjp]vXn Ch-tbm-Sp-IqSn {]f-b-Im-e-n nXamb PK- ns kam-\-Xsb ImWn- p--Xn\p thn BZyambn kp{]-kn--amb kpjp-]X
v y-h- -bpsS eWw ]dnp ]noSp ]q-{_ ]c-am-m-hns aqm-as
]mZw hn--s-Sp-p. bmsXm-c-h--bn Dd-n-smn-cn-p a\p-jy bmsXm-cp-hn[ t`mK-tfm B{K-ltfm A\p- `- h- tfm {]m]n-m-cn- Xn-cn- p-pthm AXp-t]mse-Xs bmsXm-cp-X-c-n-epap kz]v\-fpw ImWm-Xncn-p-pthm A-s\-bp B Ah-sb kpjp-]vXnsbp ]d-bp-p. Cu kpjp-]X
v np kZr-i-ambn bmsXm
pw {]f-b-Im-e
- n PK-ns Imc-Wm-h--bm-bn-cppthm bmsXm- n \m\m "cq]' fpsS {]kv]-jvSX CmXn-cn-p-pthm A-s\-bp Ahy {]Ir-Xn-Xs
bmsXm-ns ico-c-am- bn-cp-pthm AXp-t]mse bmsXmv
AZzn-Xob cq]-n nX-am-bn-cp-pthm D]-\n-j-p-Ifn bmsXm-ns h\w Nne-bn-Sv "kXv' F
t]cnepw ap-Nn-eb
- n-Sv Bm-sh t]cnepw {]I-S-am-Ippthm bmsXm-ns GI-am-{X-tN-X\ ({]-Im-iw) Xs
apJ-am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw B\w Xs t`mP- \-am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw
sNp-pthm B hnm-\m-a
- mb {]m Xs B
]q {_-ns aqm-as ]mZ-am-Ip--X.v
kw_w apIfn ]d-n-cn-p {_-ns ]mZ-fmb sshizm-\-cw, ssXP-kw, {]mw Ch BcpsS
t]cm-Ip-p. CXns\ hnh-cn- p-p.

6. Gj kth-izc Gj k Gtjmcymtayj tbm\nx kky {]`m- h m-] ybu ln

`qXm-\mw.
bmsXmcp ]c-ta-iz-c aqp ]mZ--fpsS cq]-n
hn--s-n-cn-p-pthm Atlw kq Cuiz-ctbpw Cuiz-c BIp-p. Atlw Xs k-\pw
Fm-n-tbpw A-cym-an-bp-am-bn-cn-p-p. Atlw Xs
AJne PK-n-tbpw Imc-W-\m-bn-cn-p-p. Fp-sIms- m Fm Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw D-nbpw nXnbpw
ebhpw Bb m\w Atlw Xs-bm-Ip-p. A]qhn-X--fmb sshizm-\-cw, ssXP-kw, {]mw Ch-

sbmw ]c-ta-iz-cs \ma- Xs-bm-Ip-p. {]tXyIw

{]tXyIw nXn- I-fn At-l-ns h\w `n `n
\ma--fm sN-s-n-cn-p-p.

kw_w C\n ]q-{_ ]c- am-m-hns \mem-as

]mZs hn-p-p.

7. \mx-{]w \ _ln-j v {]w t\m`-b Xx

{]w \ {]m-\-L \w \ {]w \m{]w. AZr-jvS-a-hy-h-lm-cy-a-{Km-lya e-Wa
- Nn- y-a-hy-] -tZ-i yta Im-{]-X y-bkmcw {]]tm- ] - i aw imw inh- a- s sZzXw NXpYw
a\yt k Bm k hnt-b:
Cu a{-n \nKpW \ncm-Im-c-\nhn-tij kzcq]s ]q- {_- - ]- c- am- m-hns \mem- as ]mZw Fp
]d- n-cn-p-p. bmsXm- ns m\w shfn- bn\npw
AI-p-\npw cp-h-i--fn \npw e`y-a-m-Xn-cn-ppthm bmsXmv m\-kz-cq-]-ambncnp-n-tbm Adnb-s-Sm-Xn-cn-p-pthm bmsXmv ZrjvSn-tKm-N-c-am-bn-cn-pn-tbm bmsXm-n-s\-n Nnn-p--Xn\pw ]d-bp-Xn\pw km[y-a-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-n\v bmsXmcp
e-W-hp-an-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-n Fm {]]-n-sbpw A`mhw Dm-bn-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-n
GI-am{X ]c-{_ k-bpsS {]XoXn {]am-W-am-bn-cn-pp-thm--C-s\ kYm imhpw Ieym-W-a-b-hp-amb
AZzn-Xo-b-XXzw ]q- {_- -ns \mem- as ]mZw Fp
Icp-Xp-p. C{]- Imcw bmsXm-ns\ \mep ]mZ--fmbn hn`Pnv hn-n-cn-p-pthm Atlw ]q-]-c-{_--am-Ipp. At-l-s- s Adn-b-Ww.
hmkvX-h-n Ah-b -h-c-l n-X-\mb ]c-am-m-h n\v
bmsXmcp `mK-hp-an-sp kv]jvS-am-Ip-p. bmsXmcp
]q-{_-]
- -c-am-mhv qe-P-K-n ]cn-]q-\m-bncn-p-pthm Atlw Xs kqvahpw Imc-W-P-Kns A-cym-anbpw A[n-jvTm-Xmhpw BIp-p. AXpt]mse Atlw Xs Ch-sb-m-n\npw thdnv
\nhn-tij ]c-am-m-hmbpw Ccn-p-p. Atlw ki-n-am\pw Fm in-I-fn\npw cln-X\pw BIp-p.
Atlw kKp-W\pw \nKp-W-\p-amWv; kmIm-c\pw \ncmIm-c-\p-am-Wv. hmkvX-h
- n Atlw \psS _pnpw
Nnbvpw kYm AXo-X-\m-Ip-p.
kw_w ap]-d ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ hmN-Iamb {]W-h-tm-Sp-IqSn GIo-I-cn-p-sImp ]d-bpp

8. tkmbam-m-y--c-tamw-Imtcm[nam{Xw ]mZmam{Xm am{Xm ]mZm AImc DImtcm aImc

CXn.
\mep ]mZ--tfm-Sp-IqSn hn--s-n-cn-p B ]c{_ ]c-am-m-hv, ChnsS A-c-ns {]I-c-W-n
Xs \ma-n\npw A`n--am-b-Xp-Im-cWw aqp-am-{XI-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb HmwIm-c-am-Ip-p. A, D, av Cu aqp-am-{X-

94

I I Xs At-l-ns D]-cyp--amb aqp-]m-Z-fpw

At-l-ns aqp ]mZ- Xs HmwIm- c- ns aqpam-{X-Ifpw BIp- p. F{]-Imcw HmwIm-c-n\p kzw am{XI-fn\np thdn-n-cn-p-hm km[n-p-n-tbm AtX- {]Imcw Xs Xs ]mZ--fn\npw ]c-am-mhv thdnp
\np-n-. ChnsS ]mZ-n-tbpw am{X-bp-tSbpw GIX
Hmmcw hgn-bmbn ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ D]m-kn-p-Xn-\p-thn sN-s-n-cn-pp Cs\ tXmp-p.
kw_w HmwIm-c-ns GXp-am-{Xbpw {_-ns
GXp-]m-Zhpw GI-cq-]-am-bn-cn-p-Xv Fp-sImv? CXn\p-ta aqp- am-{X-I-fpsS clkyw a\-n-em-p--Xn\v {]Ya-ambn BZy-]m-Z- n- tbpw BZy-am-{X-bp-tSbpw GI-Xsb
{]Xn-]m-Zn-p-p.

9. PmK-cn-X
mt\m sshizm-\tcmImcx {]Yam am
{Xm]v t Xcm- Z n- a - zmZzm]v t \mXn l ssh
khm Imam\m Zn-`-hXn b Ghw thZ.
]c- {_ ]c-am- m-hns \mam- - I- amb HmwImc-ns
BZy- am-{X-bmb "A' CXv temI-nep Fm t]cp- I-fnepw
AXm-bXv GsX-nepw As [z\n-n-p Fm
hmp-I-fnepw hym]n-p-In-S-p-p. kzcw AYhm hy
\w bmsXmcp hhpw AIm-c-c-ln-X-am-bn-cn-p-n. Fm h--fnepw "A' Xs BZy-h-am-Ip-p.
CXp-t]m-se-Xs Cu qe PK-Zvcq-]-hn-cmSv ico-c-n
B sshizm- \-c-cq-]m--cyman ]c-ta-iz-c hym]vX-am- bn-cn- pIbpw hncmSv cq]-tm-Sp-IqSn BZyw kzbw {]I-S-am-IpIbpw sNbvX- Xp- Im- cWw Cu PK- ns BZnbpw Atlw
Xs- bm- Ipp. C{]-Imcw "A' bpw "PKpw' t]mse {]Xy-ambn ImW-s-Sp Cu qe PK-{Zp-]i
- -co-c-n
hym]n-n-cn-p sshizm-\-c Fp-t]-cp {]Ya ]mZns GIX Dm-b-Xp-Im-cWw "A' Xs ]q-{_-]-c-ta-iz-cs BZy-]m-Z-am-Ip-p. bmsXmcp a\pjy C{]Imcw AIm-c-tbpw hncmSv ico-c-ns Bm-hmb ]cta-iz-c s GI-X- tbbpw {Kln- p-pthm D]m-kn- ppthm Ah Fm A`n-em-j--tfbpw AXm-bXv Cn-Xh-kvXp--tfbpw {]m]n-p-Ibpw temI-n k-am-\y\m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNp-p.

CXpt]mse Xs sshizm- \- c-t\- m ssXPkw (ln-c-WyK`w) DXvIr-jSv hpw XYm sshiz-t\-c-tbpw {]m-bptSbpw a[y-K- X- am- b- Xn- \m AXv D`b kw_-- Cbpw BIpp. Cu kam-\X ImcWw Xs "D' "ssXPkw' F
t]cn ZzXob ]mZ-ambn ]d-bs
- -Sp-p. Cu qe-P-Kns {]Xy--Xbvp ap]p ]ctaizcs BZn- k--ev]Zzmcm bmsXmcp kqv akrjvSn D--am-bn-cp-pthm
bmsXm-ns h\w am\-k-krjvSn F t]cn hcppthm bmsXm-n kakvX XXz-fpw Xm-{X-If
- psS
cq]-n hkn-p-pthm qe-cq-]- ]cn-W-an-mXn-cn-p-p-thm, B kqva PK-{Zq-]-i-co-c-n tNX-\m{]-Im-i-kz-cq-]-ln-c-Wy-K` ]c-ta-iz-c CXns A[n-jT
v mXm-hmbn hkn-p-Ibpw Imc-W-P-Kpw qe-P-Kpw
Ch-c-nepw \np-Xs kqva PK-p-ambn L\n-jvSkw-_ w Dm-I p- p. AXn-\m Ah Imc-W hpw
kvYqehpw cp-cq]tfmSpw IqSn-b-h-bm-Ip-p. CXpt]mse "D' hntbpw am\-kn-I-kr-jSv n-bpsS A[n-jvTm-Xmhmb ssXP- k-cq]w cm-as ]mZ-ns kam-\X hlnp-Xp ImcWw "D' Xs ]q-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs
cm-as ]mZw BIpp. bmsXm-cp- C{]-Imcw "D'
hnsbpw tXtPm-a- b-amb lnc-Wy-K`-cq-]-n-tbpw kam\-X- bpsS cl-kys a\-n-em-p-pthm Ah kzbw
Cu PK-ns kqva-X- Xz-sf \-Xp-t]mse {]Xy-s-Sp-p-p. CXp-Im-cWw Cu m\-ns ]c--csb
D-X-amn AXns\ hfn k{X ka-`m-h-tm-Sp-IqSn- b-h-\m-bn-o-cpp; Fp-sIm-s-m PK-ns
kqva -X -X z-sf a\- n-em- n-b-Xp-I m-cWw AXns
bYm-c-lkyw _pn-bn hcp--Xn-\m AXns
sshj-ay- \in- p- t]m-Ip-p. CXn-\m Ah- \n \npw
P\n km-\--fn lnc-Wy-K`-cq-]-\mb ]a-tc-iz-cs
D]-cyp--amb cl-ky--f psS m\w Cm--h-cmbn
Bcpw Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bn-.

11. kpjp-]vX-m\x {]mtm aIm-c-kvXr-Xobm

am{Xm antX-c -]o-tXhm ant\mXn l hm CZw
k-a-]o-Xn `hXn b Ghw thZ.

]c-am-m-hns \ma--Ia
- mb HmwIm-c-ns aqmas am{X-bmb "a' FXv "am' [mXp-hn\n-p--hn-kw_w C\n cm-as ]mZ-tbpw cmw-am-{X- Xm-W.v "am' F [mXp-hns Aw Af-pI AXm-bXv
tbbpw Ah-bpsS GIo-I-c-W-tbpw {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-p.
C hkvXp C{X-bpv Fp a\-n-em-p-Ib
- m-Wv. Cu
10. kz]v\ - m-\ -k v s sX- P k DImtcm ZznXobm "a' HmwIm-c-ns An-a-am-{X-bmWv; "A' "D' Ch-bpsS
amt{Xm-XvIjm-Zp-`b
- -Xzm-tZzm-XvIjXn l ssh ]nmse D-cn--s-Sp-p. Cm-c-W-m cn-sbpw
m\ kXnw kam-\ `hXn \mkym-{_- Afhv CXn hcp-p. AXn-\m CXv Ahsb \-Xpt]mse Adn-bp- p. AXp- t]mse "a' bpsS Dm- cWw sImv
-hn-XvIpte `hXn b Ghw thZ.
apJw AS-bp-Ibpw sNp-p. "A' bpw "D' hpw cpw
]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns \mam--I-amb Hmw Imc- AXn hneo-\-ambpw Xocpp; AXn-\m CXv B cp-amns cm-as am{X-bmb "D' "A' sbm DXvIr-jSv - {X-I-tfbpw Ah-km\w hneo-\-am-p-Xpw BIp-p. CtXam-b-Xp-Im-cWw t{ijvThpw "A' bptSbpw "a' bptSbpw {]-Imcw Xs kpjp-]X
v -m-\ob Imc-W- P-K- ns A[nCS-b
v m-b- Xp- Im-cWw Ah cn-t\mSpw At`-Zy-amb kw_- jvTn-X m-hmb {]mbpw k--\m-Ip-p. qew,
- ap-X
- m-Wv. AXn-\ m CXv D`b kzcq-] -am-Ip- p. kqvaw, ImcWw Cu aq-h-I
- f
- nepw nXn-sN-

95

I p PK-ns\ Adn-bp--h\pw BIp-p. Imc-W-P-Kn\n-p-Xs qehpw kqva-hp-amb PK-p-

D-hn-p-Ibpw AXns Ah-bpsS eb\w kw`-hnp-Ibpw sNp-p. C{]-Imcw "a' bpsSbpw Imc-W-P-Kns A[n-jvTm-Xm-hmb {]mPvR Fp-t]-cp aqmas ]mZ-n-sbpw kaXzw D-Xp-sImp "a' bpw
"{]m' kzcq-]-]c
- -ta-iz-cs GI-X-sbbpw Adn-bppthm Cu cl-kys {Kln-nv HmwIm-c-ns kvacWm-Zzmcm ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Nnn-p-pthm Ah aqe-k-lnX-amb kq-P-K-ns\ \-Xp-t]mse Adn-bp-Ibpw
Fm-n-t\bpw hneo-\-am-p-Ibpw sNpp; AXm-bXv
Ahs _mly ZrjvSn Ah-km-\n-p- p. AXn-\ m
Ah k{X GI-]-c- {_ ]c-ta-iz-c-s\-s t\mnsm-n-cn-p--h- \m-bn-o-cp-p.
kw_- w- -am-{Xm-c-ln-X-amb HmwIm-c- ns \memw-]m-Ztm-Sp GIo-I-c-Ws {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-sImv Cu D]-\nj-ns\ D]-kw-l-cn-p-p.

12. Aam-{X- XptYmhyh-l mcyx {]]-tm-] iax inthmssZzX Gh-tam- mc Bssh

kwhn-i-XymXv a\mm\w b Ghw thZ b
Ghw thZ.

cl-kyhpw {Kln-nv ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p- Xn-\p-thn At- l- ns \ma-P-]s Ah- ew-_- amn
X]-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb km[\ \S-p-pthm Ah \n-tl- ambpw Bm-hn\npw Bm-hn AXm-bXv ]cm-Xv]c-]-c- {_-]
- -c-am-m-hn {]th-in-p-p. bmsXm-cp-
C{]- Imcw {Kln- pp Fp hmIys cp {]mhiyw
D-cn-nv D]-\n-j-ns kam-]X
v nsb kqNn-n-p-p.

]c-{_--]-c-am-m-hntbpw At-l-ns \ma-ntbpw alna A]m-c-am-Ip- p. CXns Ac IS-p-hm

Bpw km[y-a-. Cu {]I-c-W-n B Ako-a-]q
{_ ]c-am-m-hns \mep ]mZ--fpsS Iev]\ At-lns qe, kqva, Imc-W--fmb aqp kKpW cq]-fp-tSbpw \nKp-W-\n-cm-Imc kzcq-]-ns GI-tXbpw
ImWn-p--Xn-\p-th-nbpw AXp-t]mse \ma-n- tbpw
\man-bp-tSbpw Fm-{]-Im-c--fn-epap GI-tXbpw ImWnp- -Xn\pw AXp-t]mse At-l- n\n-pw A`n- amb
ANn-y-i-n-tbbpw k- am\ kmay-tbpw ImWnp- - Xn- \pw- thn sN- s- n- cn- pp Fv A\p- am- \n- p- p.

imn- ] mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx {iWp-bma tZhm `{Zw
]tiy amm-` n-cy-P{Xmx

]c-{_ ]c- am-m- hns \mam- - I- amb HmwIm- c- ns

am{Xm-c-ln-X- amb kwkm-c-n hcm--Xm-b, \ncm-Im-cnssc-c-MvssK-k vXp-j vSphmw kkvX-\qkz-cq]w AXp a\-n\pw hmWnpw Ahn-j-ba
- m-b-Xp`nhytia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx
sImp hyh-lm-c-n sImp- h- cp-hm k[y- a- m-Xpw
kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \x
{]]--n\n-p- a-Xo-Xhpw Ieym-W- a-bhpw AZzn- Xo-bhpw
]pjm hniz-thZmx
B \np-W-\n-cm-Im-c-cq-]-amb \mem-as ]mZ-am-Ip-p.
kzkvXn \kvXmtym Acn-jvS-t\anx
F{]-Imcw aqp-am-{X-I-fpsS t\c-t]dn-p aqpkzkvXn t\m _rl-kX
v ]
- nZ-[m-Xp.
]m-Z--tfm- sSm-p kam- \-X-bp-m-bn-cn-p-pthm AtX{]-Imcw Xs HmwIm-c- \n-cm-Im-c-kz-cq-]-ns ]c-{_--]Hmw imnx ! imnx ! imnx !!!
c- am-m-hns \nKp- W-\n-cm-Imc \nhn- ti- j-cq-]- amb \memCXns Aw Cu D]-\n-j-ns Bcw-`-n
as ]mZ-tm-Sp kaXzw Fp `mhw. bmsXmcp a\pjy Cu hn[w HmwIm-chpw ]c-am-m-hns GI-X-bpsS sImSp-n-p-v.

Q
3
IujoX
In
{_t
Wm]
\
nj
v
1
imn-]mTw

Hmw. hmMv ta a\kn {]Xn-jvTn-Xm. at\m ta

hmNn {]Xn- j v T n- X - a m- h n- c m- a . G[n thZky a
AWox {ipXw ta am {]lm-ko-c-t\-\m-[otX

\mtlm-cm-{XmXv kwZ-[m-an. EXw hZn-jyman kXyw

hZn-jym-an. Xm-a-hX
- p. XZv hm-ca
- -hX
- p. AhXp
amw. AhXp hmcw Hmw. imnx imnx imnx

96

Hmw. Fs hmv a\-n nc-am-bn-cn--s. hmn

a\v nc-am-bn-cn--s. kzbw {]Im-im-m-th, Av
Fs apn {]Xy--am-Ip-I. tl hmWn, tl a\-t,
\n cp-t]cpw Fs thZ-m-\
- n\v B[m-c-amIp-p. AXn-\m Fs thZm-[ym-b-\s XS-b-cp-tX.
Cu thZm-[y-b\s XS-b-cp-tX. Cu thZm-[y-b-\-n
Rm cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw Nne-h-gn- p- p. Rm EXw ]dbpw
kXyw ]dbpw Fs cn-mepw hm-hns\ cnmepw Fs cn-m-epw.

Hmw A[ymbw
1. Nnt{Xm l ssh KmKym-b-Wn by-amW
BcpWnw ht{h. k l ]p{Xw tizX-tIXpw {]Pn{Lm-b. bmP-tb-Xn. Xm lmko\w ]{]- . KuXaky ]p{Xm-kvXn. kwhrXw temtI bkvan am
[mky tlm thmN-Z[zm temtI bmky-ko-Xn. kl
]nX-c-am-kmZy ]{]-t-Xo-Xn. am {]moXv IYw
{]Xn-{_-hm-Wo-Xn. k tlm hmN. Al-a -t]y-XXv
\ thZ. k Z tky h hbw kzm[ym-b-a-[oXy lcm
atl b ]tc-Z-ltXy ln D`u Kan-jymh CXn.
k l kanX ]mWnx Nn{Xw KmKym-bWow {]Xn
N{Ia D]m-bm-\ o-X n. Xw tlmhm-N -{_- mtLm
kn KuX-atbm \ am\-ap-]mtKm Ghn thyh Xzm
m]-bn-jym-ao-X n.
aljn-bmb Nn{X Ks ]p{Xs ]p{X-\m-bn-cpp. Atlw bw sN-W-sa-p-t-inv AcpW ]p{X\mb Dm-e-Is\ {][m\ EXzn-m-n. Fm Dm-e-I
B b-n\p t]mImsX ]p{X-\mb tizX-tI-Xp-hn\v
thn Nn{X-ns b-n\p t]mbn. AXv thhn[w ]cy-h-km-\n-n-m \ntiw sImSp-p. \ntim-\p-k-cWw tizX-tI-Xp-b--n ]p-sImv Hcp
Db ]oT-n-en-cp-p. At-ls Iv alm-m-hmb
Nn{X Cs\ tNmZnp: ""Fs {]Xn-jvTn-m Cu
temI-n Bh-c-W-tmSp IqSnb Hcp m\-aptm?
AtXm `n-amb Bh-c-W-cl
- n-X-amb m\-m-bn-cnptam Fs {]Xn-jvTn-pI?'' CXp-tIv tizX-tIXp ]dp.
""F\nv CXn-s\-n Hcp Adn-hp-an-. Fs ]nXmhv
imkv{X-c- l -k y- Adn-b p- -h \pw AX- \ p- k -cnv
{]hn- p--h-\p-am-W v. A-bpsS tNmZy-s- n
Rm At-lt- mSv ]dbmw.'' ]ns tizX-tIXp ]nXmhns ASpp sNv Nn{X tNmZn kwibw hy-amn. Dm-e-I ]dp: ""F\npw Cu tNmZy-n-\pcw \n-b-an-. alm-m-hmb Nn{Xs b imebn-sen XXzm- [ym- b-\-m m\w t\Smw. A\ys-t]mse \appw Nn{X-\n\nv [\w e`n-pw. AXn\m Atm-p-t]m-hp-I.'' As\ kanXn ]mWn-bmbn

Dm-e-I m\-Xr-jW
v -tbmsS Nn{Xs ASp-p-sNv
]dp: "m\mP-\-n-\mWv Rm\n- hnsS hXv'. Dme-Is Dtiyw AXm-sW-X
- n Nn{X\v kwi-b-ap-mbn-cp-n-.

2. ktlm-hmN tb ssh tI N Akvamtm

ImXv {]bn N{-a-k-tah tX kth K-n.
tXjmw {]mssWx ]qh ] B]ym-b-tX. Xm\]-c -] -tW {]P-\ -b-Xn. GX-ssZz-kz-ky-temIky Zzmcw b-{-amkvXw bXv {]Xym-lX aXn
{kP-tX. b G\w {]Xym-l-X-anl hyjvSn `qXzm
hjXn X Cl IotSm hm ]XwtKm hm iIp-\n
hm imZqtem hm knwtlm hm atym hm ]cizm
hm ]pcptjm hm t\ym ssh tXjp mt\jp
{]Xym-Pm-btX bYm Ia bYm hnZypx Xam-KXm
]rXn tIm koXw Xw {]Xn {_qbmXv hnNWm ZrXthm tcX A`qXw ]-Z-imXv {]kqXmXv l{Xy-hk
- vXmam-]pwkn I-tcy-cb [zw.
]pwkm I{Xm amX-cn-am-\n-j-IXm kPmb D]-Pmb-amt\m ZzmZ-i{- X-tbm-Zi D]-amtkm ZzmZi {Xtbm
Zti\ l{Xm kw ZtZztZ {]Xn ZZzntZ lw Xa
EXthm AaXyh B`c [zw. tX\ ktXy\ tX\
X]km EXp-c-kvaymthm kvan tIm kvan XzakvaoXn Xa-Xnkva PtX.
]ns Atlw ]dp: "tl Dm-e-I, Fs-tmse
\nm-c-\mb Hcp hyn-bpsS ASp- Cs\ hcm
Imc-Ws
- av? kzw alXzw icn--dn-n--tm. Av
Fm {_m-W-cnepw shv ]qP-\o-b\pw {_-hn-Zym-[nIm-cn-bp-am-Wv. Rm tNmZn tNmZys kw_-nv
Atbvv bYm m\w \Imw.
b-Im-hmb Nn{X ]dp: "apt\, bmZn-I-fmb Da If\p-jvTn-n-p hnZzm-m Cu
temIw hnv t]mIp-tm kzw {]m]n-p-p. Fm
IrjvW-]
- -n N{\v Pohn-Iv Xr]vXn sImSpm Ign-hn-.
kz-n-te-bvp IhmSw N{ F t]cn-\m
{]kn--am-W.v kz-n-\[
- n-Im-cn-I-fm-b-h Nnn-p-Xv
kz-n\nv Ipsd Ign-bp-tm Xmsg ]Xn-t-nh-cp-sapw A-s\-bp kzw \nc-am-sW-p-amWv. \njvIm-a-InIfmbn N{-temIw shSn-bp--h ip`I-mepw ZrV-\n--b-mepw kz-tem-I-n\pw
apI- fn- ep {_-tem- Is {]m]n- p-p. kpJw sImXnv
kz-nse kpJ-n Xs apgpIn Ign-bp- -h
]pWy--b-tmsS Xmtgmp ]Xn-p-p.
Cs\ temI-nse kz-\-cI {]m]vXn-I- c-amb KXn
a\-n-em-p injy hnc-\
- mbn Pnm-k-tbmsS
kZvKp-cp-hns\ icWw {]m]n-p-tm Kpcp injy-t\mSv
tNmZn--Ww. "\o BcmWv?'

97

B tNmZy-n\v injy C-s\-bmWv Dcw ]dtb-Xv: "tZh-m-sc, ]Xn-\p Ie-It- fmSp IqSn-bXpw
ip- Ir-jvW- ]- - v Imc- W-`q- Xhpw {i- tbmsS {]Xy-s-Sp ]nXr-temIw \Ip--h\pw hn`n t`mK-Zmb-I\pw Bb N{s kao-]p \npw Dmbn {i,
tkma, hjw Aw Fn-hb
- psS {]`m-h-m kwPmX-am-b-h\pw hocy-ns cq]-n ]cn-h\w sNs-h
- \pw Poh Dsm-p--Xp-amb Fs Av
kwtbm-K -I may aptJ\ ]pcp-j -\n m]n-p-Ibpw
]noSv B ]pcp-j aptJ\ Fs K`-n [mcWw
sNn- n-p- Ibpw Dm-bn. Gsd hj--fmbn Rm anYymm\w {]m]-nI {`aw hnIm-c- Fn- h-bnepw {_m\ Pnm-k-bnepw Ign-p-Iq-Sp-p. C\n F\nv
Av Aa-cXzw ssI hcp-p-hm t]m {_-m\w
e`n-m DX-I-
- -hn[w Btcm-Kyhpw ZoLm-bppw
Xcp-I. Fs-m {_-km-m-Xvmcw e`n-p-X
- phsc Pohn-n-cn-t-X
- p-v. Rm kqNn-n kXyhpw
X]-kybpw \nanw Rm EX-am-Ip-p. Ap XsbmtWm Rms\pw bYm-n Rm Bcm-sWpw
F\nv ]dp Xc-Ww.' Ahs hmp tIv kZvKpcp
B injys\ kwkm-cs `b-s-Sp--h-\m-sWp Iv.
{_-hnZy D]-tZ-in-p. Ahs\ kwkm-c-_
- \
-
- n
\npw hnSn kIe ]m]--fn\npw hnap-\
- mt--Xp-.v

3. k Xw tZh-bm\w ]m\w B]Zy An

temI-am-K
- X
- n. hmbp-temIw k hcp-W-temIw k
BZnXy temIw k C{-t emIw k {]Pm-] Xn
temIw k {_ temIw. Xky lhm GXky
{_ - t e m- I k y B tc m- { l tZ m ap l q t m
tbjv Snlm hnPcm \Zoteym hrx kmePyw
kwm-\-a-]-cm-Pn-X-amb X\-an{ {]Pm-]Xo Zzmc
tKm]u. hn`q-{]-anXw hnN--Wm. Bk-a
- n-XuPmx
]cyx {]nbm N am\ko {]Xn-cq]m NNm-jo
]pjv]m-Wym-h-bXu ssh N PKmXyw _mmw-_mh-b-ho-m-]vk-ckx Aw_bm \Zyx Xnanw hnZm
KXn Xw {_m lm`n-[m-hX aa bikm hnPcmw
hm Abw \Zow {]m]-hm Abw Pc-bn-jy-Xo-Xn.

A\-cw "Cf' Fp t]cp Cey hrw ImWmw.

]noSv ]e tZh-mcpw Xma-kn-p \K-c-am-Wv. AhnsS
]qtm-
- , \Zn-I, ktcm-hc
- -, InW-dp-I Chbp-v. \K-c
- ns Hcp `mKv [\p-ns BIr-Xn-bnep Hcp {]tIm-jvT-ap-v. AXpw IS-p-t]m-bm "A]cm-PnX' Fp hnim-e-amb m\-am-W.v AhnsS {_mhv
Xma-kn-p-p. kqcy-tX-Ppw Bpw XIm Ignbm--Xp-am-I-bm A]-cm-PnX F t]cv AXn\p Inn.
{_m-hns B `h-\-ns Zzmc-]m-e-I-m taL-fpw
b-ns {]Xo-I--fmb hmbphpw BIm-i-cq-]n-bmb
C{-\p-sa-t{X.
"hn`q-{]-aXn' F Hcp k`m-aW
- vU]w AhnsSbpv.
AXns a[y-n "hnN-W' F thZn A`p-X-I-cam-Wv. in-tb-dn-bXpw "Aan-XuPm' Fp t]cp--Xpamb {]mW Xs-bmWv {_m-hns knwlm-k-\w.
{]IrXn cq]n-Wn-bmb At-l-ns {]nb a\-ns\ lcnp-h
- f
- m-I-bm "am\kn' F t]cn Adn-b-s-Sp-p.
AXns Ombm-aqn "Npjn' bmWv tXP-t-dnb
AXns Ae-m-cm-Zn-I tXtPm-a-b--fm-Ip-p.
{]]w \mep-hn-[-n-ep Pohn-I-fm ]q-amWv
Pcm-bp-Pw, AWvU-Pw, tkzZ-Pw, DZv`n-Pw, {]]--nse
kIe PU-tN-X \ hkvXp-fpw {_m-hns DZym-\nse ]pjv]--fm-Wv. Ah-bpsS [uXw D-co-bmZn
hkv{X--fm-Wv. Ahn-sS-bp A]vk-c-p-Isf "Aw_m'
Fpw "Aw_m-bhn' Fpw ]d-bp-p. Aw_-bn P\\o-`m-hhpw Aw_m-b-hn-bn _pn-`m-h-hp-am-Ip-p. {_m\w \Ip Aw_bm F \Zn AhnsS Hgp-Ipp. m\n-bmb ]pcp-j\v AhnsS sNs-m Ignbp- p. hnPcm F \Zn-b p-s S kao-] -p-Iq-Sn-b mWv
Atmp t]mtI--X.v AhnsS Fp--hv hmIy
_m[-bp-m-hp-I-bn- .

4. Xmw ]-i-Xm\n A]vk-ckmw {]Xn-bn

iXw ]q lkvXmx iXw iXw hmtkm-lkvXmx
iXw ^e-k-lkvXm iX-am-RvP\ lkvXm iXw
amey lkvXmx Xw {_mew ImtcW Aew Iphn. k {_m-e-m-tc-Wm-ew-IrtXm {_ hnZzm
{_m-`n-ss{]Xn k AK--Xzmcw {lZw Xw a\-kmCuiz-tcm- ]m- k\ sNp- -h tZh- bm- \-am-nIqSn
tXyXn XanXzm k{kXn hntZm a-n. k BKBZyw An-tem-I-n-se-p-p. ]ns hmbp-temIw;
Xn alqm tkyjvSn lmw kvtX kvamZv {]ZAhnsS \nv kqcy-temIw; ]ns hcp-W-temIw; A\hn k BK-Xn hnPcmw \Zow Xmw a\ssk
cw C{-temIw; A\-cw {]Pm-]-Xn-temIw; XpSv
hmtXy-Xn. XXv kpIrX ZpjvIrtX [p\p-tX. Xky{_-temIw; {_-tem-I-n {]th-in-p- hm-\p am{] nbm mX bx k p I r - X - a p - ] - b p {] nbm
n "Bc' Fp t]cp hen-sbmcp Pem-i-b-apv
ZpjvIrXw XZyYm ctY\ [mh-b cY Nt{I ]cyAXp ISv Ima-t{Im-[m-Zn-If
- m {_-temI {]m]vXnth- -X, Gh atlm-cmt{X ]cy-th- -X. Ghw
p km[-\-b-m-Zn-I-fm {_-temI {]m]vXn-p
kpIrX ZpjvIrtX khmWn N Zzzm\n k Gj
km[-\b
- -m-Zn-]pWy I- Ch \in-n-p
hnkp-IrtXm hnZp-jvIrtXm {_ hnZzm {_ss
"tbjvSn l' F `mKw ISv "hncPm' \Zn-bn-se-mw.
hm`n-ss{]-X n.
AXns Zi-\
- m Xs hmIyw \jvS-am-Ip-p.

98

s]sp Xs {_m-h ns \nt-i m-\p-k-cWw

Aqdp A]vk-c
- p-I Ahn-sS-sb-nb {_-m\nsb kzmKXw sNm HmSn-h-cpw. Ah-cn Aq-dpt] tIkcw Ippaw a Fn-hb
- psS Nqw
ssIbn-se-Sp-n-cn-pw. Aq-dp-t]v hnhn[ hkv{X Dv. \qdp A]vk-c-p- I ssIbn ]e-hn[w AwKcm-K
- hln-n-cn-pw. Fm-hcpw IqSn B alm-mhns\ Ae--cnv {_-kz-cq-]n-bm-n-opw. AtXmsS
Abm "Ac' Fp t]cp Pem-i-b-n-\-Spv \bn-sSpw; AhnsS Ba-\w sN-s-Spw. kev]w
aptJ\ AXns\ XcWw sNp {_-m\n ]ns
"tbjvSnl' bpsS kao-]-sapw tZh-m Ahs {_
tXP-ns apn Dd-p-\nm-\m-ImsX HmSn- tm-tIn
hcp-p. m\n "hncmPm' \Zn-bpsS Xoc-sn ]m]
]pWy- AhnsS Dt]-nv Xs am\-knI k-ev]m Xs AXns Ac IS-p-p. B m\nsb
tZzjn- p- -h v Ah ssIhn ]m]w e`npw;
Fm Ahs\ kvt\ln-p IpSpw-_n-I Ahs
]pWymw-i-n ]m-fn-I-fm-Ip-p. tXcn k-cn-p
hyn cYw \nb-{n-p-tm AXnse N{I--fpsS
]rYzn-bp-am-bp kwtbm-K-hn-tbm-K
- -f-dn-bp-n-. AXpt]mse {_-m-\n-bmb hyn cm-I ]m]-]p-Wya-b--fmb ]e Zriy-fpw ImWp-p-s-nepw Ah-bpambn _n-p-n-. ]m]-]p-Wy- Ahs\ _m[n-pn- . {_-m-\-m Ah {_-s-s {]m]np- p.

5. k BK- -X oeyw hrw Xw {_-K x

{]hniXn. k BK-Xn kmePyw kwm-\w. Xw
{_-c kx {]hn-i-Xn, k BK- Xn A]-cm-P nXw
Bb X\w Xw {_-tXPx {]hn-iXn B K-Xn.
C{-{]-Pm-]Xo Zzmc-tKm]u Xmh-kvam-Z-]-{Z-hXx k
BK-Xn hn`q-{]-anXw Xw {_ tXPx {]hn-iXn
k BK-Xn hne--Wm-am-kow _rl-{ZYw Xtc
kma\n ]qhu-]mZu ssyX \u[tk Nm]-cuh-ssh-cq] sshcmtP A\q-NytX imIz-c-ssc-htX
Xoco km{]m {]bm ln hn]-iyXn k
BK-Xn AanXu Pkw ]cyw k {]mW-kvXky
`qXw N `hnjyw N ]qhu ]mZu-{io-t-cm-Nm-]c, {_lv{ZY w Xtc B \qtNy `{Z- b - mb
botb iojtWy EN kmam\n N {]mNo\m-Xm-\m\n bpwjn Xnc-o-\m\n tkmamw-ihx
D]-kvX-cW apZvKoYx D]{iox {iocp]_lWw
Xkvan {_mkvtX Xanw hnXv]m-tZ-ss\-hm{K
Btcm-lX
- n. Xw {_m ]rXn tImkoXn. Xw
{]Xn {_qbm-Xv.
{_-m-\n-bpsS \mkn-Ib
- n Cey hr-ns
ASp-s-nb DS-s\-Xs {_-Kw {]th-in-p-p.
]ns Ah "kmePy' sap t]cp \K-c-n-\-Sp-spw. AhnsS Ahs\ Znhy-amb {_-ckw {]m]n-p-

p. CXn\p apv Ah\v C{Xbpw B\w Dm-bn-p-mhn-. AXn-\p-tijw Ah {_m-hns "A]-cm-PnX'

F `h-\-n-\S- p-s-pw. AtXmsS Ah-\n {_tX-Pv \nd-bp-p. ]ns `h-\-Zzm-c-kw-c--I-m-cmb C{sbpw {]Pm-]X
- n-bp-sSbpw kao]w {]m]n-p-p. amw
ImWn- -s v aptmp t]mbn "hn`p- {]-a nX' F
k`maWvU]-n-se-pw. {_-b-ip tNv Ah
_rl-spw cY--c-km- a-sapw t]cp cp-apIm
tNXpw ssiyXw, \u[-k-kmaw F ]nIm-ep-I
tNXpw sshcq]w sshcm-P-kmaw Cu Zn-tWm-c
]mZ- tNXpw imIz-cw, ssch-Xk
- maw F ]qh
]na ]mZ- tNXpw Bb hnN- -W-s bp
thZnp kao]w Fpw. _pn-cq-]n-Wnbpw al-Xz
cq]n-Wn-bp-ambn B thZn {_-m-\nv Znhy ZrjvSn
\Ipw. ]ns {]mW-kz-cq-]a
- mb "AanXu Pm' F
knwlm-k-\-n-\-Spv Fpw. AXns aph-i-p
cp Imep-I `qX-`-hn-jy-p--fm-Wv. ]nn-ep ImepI {iotZ-hnbpw `qao-tZ-hn-bpw. A\qNy F cp ZoL
JSzmw-K
- AXns D-c-Z-nW ]mZ--fm-Wv. Ah
_rlpw cY-c kma-hp-sa-t{X. `{Z-sapw bm-bo-b-sapw t]cp kma-cq-]-n-ep cp sNdnb
JSzmw-K- ]qh-]-na `mKs ]mZ--fm-Ip-p. Ahbn incpw ]mZhpw hbvp-p. Ingp ]Sn-m-dmb
hmSn-I EtKz-Z-km-a-th-Z--fpsS kzc-`q-X-am-Wv. hS-p-sXmbn hfp ]pf-p-ap hmSn-I bPpth-Z{- ]-XoI--fm-Ip-p. N{-c-ivan-I AhnsS tIma-f-i--t]mse
hncn-n-cn-p-p. DZvKoYw AXn hncn-n-p ]pX-mWv
evan-bm-Ip Xe-bW Ahn-sS-bp-v. An-s\-bp
B Znhy-knw-lm-k\w {_m-hn\v hncm-Pn-m thnbp--Xm-Wv. Cu XXzw {Kln-n-p {_-m\n B
knwlm- k-\-n Imep-shv tIdp-p. Atm {_mhv
Ah-t\mSv tNmZn-pw. "\o Bcv?' At-l-ns tNmZyn\v C{]-Imcw adp-]Sn sImSp-W
- w.

6. EXp-c -kvaymthm kva ymImim-tZymt\x

kw`qtXm `mcym GXXv kwh--c ky tXtPm-`qXky `qX-kymm Xzam-mkn bkvXz-akn tkm
lakva oXn Xam-l tIm la- k va oXn kXy-a nXn
{_qbmXv Iow XZyXv kXy-anXn bZ-\yXv tZth-`y
{]mtW-`y XXv kZY bZv tZhm {]mWm-XXzw XtZ-Xbm hmNm `nhym{ln-btX kXy-antXy
Xmh- Z nZw kh- a nZw ka- k n. CssXy- s sh\w
XZman XtZ-XZ- yIv tmtI-\m-`yp-w.
bPq-Zcx kma-incm Akm-hy-Mvaqn chybx k{_tXn k hnP-ob Ejn {_-atbm alm-\n-Xn. Xaml
tI\ ta ]uwkym\n \mam\n B]vt\mjn CXn {]mtWt\Xn {_qbm-Xv.

tI\ kv{Xo\m-am-\oXn hmtNXn tI\ \]pw-kIm-\oXn a\-tkXn tI\ Kmm-\nXn {]mW-t\-

99

I tXyh {_qbmXv tI\ cq]m-WoXn Np-tjXn

-I. a\v ZqX-\m-Ip-p. kth-{n-b-fpw Ah-bpsS

tI\ i_vZm \nXn Pnlz-tbXn tI\ A ckm A`n-am-\n-I-fmb tZh-X-am aptJ\ Bh-iy-s-SmsX Xs
\nXn Pnlz-tbXn tI\ Iam-WoXn lkvXm-`ym- {]mW-\m-Ip {_-n\v D]-lmc cq]-n \I-sanXn tI\ kpJ-ZpxJ CXn icn-tc-tW-Xn-tI-\\
- w n-cn-p-p. Cu clkyw Adn-bp-- h\v bmNn-msX Xs
cXnw {]Pm-Zn-an-Xy-]-t-t\-Xn. tIt\Xzm CXn ]mZm- kh-Nc- m-Nc- -fpw D]-lmcw kan-p-p. Hcp bmN`ym-an-Xn, tI\-[ntbm hnw Xhyw Imam-\nXn I Hcp {Kma-n t]mbn `n bmNnv Hpw InmsX
{]-tbXn {_qbm-a
- m-l. Bt]m ssh Jep \ncm-i-\mbn B {Kma-hm-kn-I sImSp-mepw Am-Zntaly-km-hbw tX temI-C -Xn-kmbm {_tWm I kzoI-cn- p-I -b n-s p \n-b n- p- -X p-t]mse
PnXn bm hyjvSn kvXmw PnXn PbXn Xmw hyjvSnw {]mWs\ D]m-kn-p km[-I BtcmSpw bmsXmpw
hyiv\ ptX b Ghw thZ b Ghw thZ. CXn bmNn-m ]mSn-s-Xv Xs ]mh-\-I-hy-sav IcpXp-p. Ah Xs \n-b-n ZrV-Nn--\m-bn-cn-p{]Ytam [ymbx
p. Fs-m bmN-I-\n ssZ\y-`mhw kzm`m-hn-I-am""Rm kzbw-`qhpw kzbw {]Im-ihpw hniz-n-s\mw
Wv. Cu ssZ\y-`mhw sImmWv Ah\v `n-In-p--Xv.
ImcW `qX\pw Bb Cuiz-c-\n \npw D-hn--h-\mIqSmsX Bfp-I Ahs\ hnfnv "\n\v `n-Xcmw'
Wv. Rm `qX-s- m-a-Xo- X\pw `qX-smw ImcFp ]d-bpp AXpw Ah-\nsb Zo\-`mhw \nan-a
- mW-am-bn-p--h\pw PU-tN-X-\-b-amb `qX-cq-]a
- mb kwhW-tm.
-c-ns tXPx-kz-cq-]n-bm-Wv. Rm EXs kw_n-p--h-\mWv; EX-hp-am- W.v Rm Bm-hm-Wv. Apw
2. {]mtWm {_tXn l kv a ml ss]wKyBm-hm-Wv. Av FmtWm AXp-X-s-bmWv Rm\pw. kv X ky l hm GXky {]mWky {_tWm
Cu hn[- n- e p Dcw tIv {_mhv hopw hmIv ]c-k vX- -p-c m-c pt Npx ]c-k vXmXv
tNmZnpw "Rm BcmWv?' AXn\v {_-m\n t{im{X-am-cpt t{im{Xw ]c-kX
v mXv a\ Bcpt
Cs\ Dcw sImSp--Ww. "Av kmmXv kXy- -am- a\x ]c-k vX mXv {]mW Bcpt Xkvs sa hm
Wv.' CXp-tI {_mhv hopw tNmZnpw "kXy-sap GXkvssa {]mWmb {_W GXmx khm-tZ]d-bp-Xp bYm-n FmWv?' AXn\v C{]-Im-c- h X m A bm- N - a m- \ mb _e nw lc n XtY m
amWv adp-]Sn sImSp-t--Xv. "GsXm-mtWm Znhy-Xz- Ghmkvssa khmWn `qXm\n Bbm-Na
- m\mssbh
n \npw {]mW-\n \npw `nhpw Ap-Xhpw _enw-l - c n b Ghw thZ Xtkym-] \n j
Bbn-p-Xv AXp Xs-bmWv kXyw. Znhyhpw A\-iz- bmtN-ZnXn XZyYm {Kmaw `nnXzm Ae-_vt[zm-]chpw GsXm-mtWm AXpXsbmWv kXyw. A-bn hn-ti- m-l-a -t Xm-Z - -a-i v\ o-bm-a n-X nb Gssh\w
khhpw AS-n-bn-cn-p-p. AXn-\m Av kXy- ]pc-kvX mZv {]Xym No-c mkvX Gssh\ ap]-aam-Wv.'
{-bt ZZma CtXyj [tm-bm-NntXm `h-Xy-

\y-XkvXp Gssh\ ap]-a-{-bt ZZma X CXn.

cmw Aymbw

1. {]mtWm {_tXn l kvaml Iujo-XI

- nkv X ky l hm GXky {]mWky {_tWm
at\m`qXw hmIv] -c n-t h- j v S o. Np tKm]v X rt{im{Xw {imh- b nXp Xkv s sa hm GXkv s sa
{]mWmb {_tW GXmx khm tZhXm BbmN-am-\mb _enw lcn XtYm Ghmkvssa khmWn `qXm\n AbmN am\m-ssbh _enw lcn b
Ghw thZ Xtkym-] -\ n-j - -bm-tN- Z nXn XZyYm
{Kmaw `nnXzm Ae-_vt [zm-]hn tim-la
- tXm
Z-a-iv\o-bm-an-Xn. b Gssh\w ]pc-kvXmXv {]XymN-ocw kvX Gssh-\a
- p-]-a-{-bt ZZm-aX CXn.
Gj [tm bmNntXm `h-Xn. A\y-X-kvtXz-ssh\-ap-]-a-{-bt ZZma X CXn.

{]mW Xs-bmWv {_-sav ss]wKy-a-ljnbpw

]d-bp-p. {_w \nanw hmn\pw AXo-X-ambn t\t{X{nbw `hn-p-p. {_w t\t{X-{n-bs Fm-`m-Kp
\npw Bh-cWw sNbvXn-pv t{imt{X-{n-b- n\pw AXoX-ambn a\-pv a\-p-ap-tJ\ t{imt{X-{nbw Fm `mKp-\npw Bh-cWw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. {]mW XsbmWv {_w kh-tZ-h-X-Ifpw B {]mW-\m-Ip {_n\v bmNn-msX Xs D]-lmcw \Ip-p. AXv
BtcmSpw Hpw bmNn-p-I-bn-. Hcn- Hcp bmN-I
Hcp {Kma-n t]mbn `n bmNn-p-p. `n Inm
]w \ncm-i-\mbn Ah C\n Rm Hcm-tfmSpw `n
tNmZn-p-I-bn-sv i]Yw sNp-p. Ahs B ZrV
\nbw Iv apv `n sImSp-p-I-bn-sv ]d-h Xs hnfnp hcpn \n\v `n-Xcmw Fv ]dbp-p.

Iujo-XIn aljn ]d-bp-Xv {]mW XsbmWv

{_-sa-m-Wv. Cu {]mW-\m-Ip {_s cmPm-hns\-tmse Icp-X-Ww. hmv AXns cmn-bm- W.v sNhn
ktiw tIn-p Zzmc-]m-e-I\
- m-Wv. t\{Xw AwK-c-

3. AYm-XI GI [\m-ht- cm-[\w btZ-I-[\w

A`n-[ym-bmXv ]u-amkyw hm Aam-hm-kymbmw
hm ip-]t hm ]ptWy \t{X Anw D]-

100

I k-am-[mb ]cn kaqly ]cn-kvXocy ]cyp-tymXv

]qbb ZnWw PmmNy {kpthW hm Na-tk\
hm Iwtk\ sshXm BPym- l p- X n PptlmXn
hmMv\ma tZhXm Ah-tcm-[n\o kmta Aap-jvamZnZw Ah-cpmw Xssky kzmlm. {]mtWm \ma
tZhXm Ah-tcm-[n-\okm ta Aap-jvam-ZnZw Ahcpmw Xssky kzmlm. Np \ma tZhXm Ahtcm-[n\o km ta Aap-jvam-ZnZw Ahp-cmw Xssky
kzmlm. t{imXw \ma tZhXm Ah-tcm[n \o kmta
Aap-jvam-ZnZw Ah-cpmw Xssky kzmlm. at\m
\ma tZhXm Ah-tcm-[n\o km ta Aap-jvam-ZnZw
Ah-cpmw Xssky kzmlm. {]m \ma tZhXm
Ah-tcm-[n\o kmta Aap-jv a m-ZnZw Ah-c pmw
Xssky kzmlm CXyY [qa-K w {]Pn-{Lmb
BPy-te-t]\ AwKm\n A\p-hn-arPy hmNw btam
A`n {]{hPy Aw {_hoX `qXw hm {]lnWp-bmXv e`tX sslh.
A\-cw [\ \ntcm-[\
- s
- -n ]d-bp-p. ]qam-kn-bntem Aam-hm-kn-bntem at-sX-nepw ]pWy-XnYnbpw \-{Xhpw hcp Znh-ktam [\w B{K-ln-p
hyn An m]nv Ipi-hn-cnv a{w sImv hnip-amb Pew Xfnv ]m{X-n shp-s\pw ipo-Ic
- nv
bYm-hn[n BlpXn kan--Ww. "hmWo tZhn' B{Kl--sfmw km[n-n-p--h-fm-W.v tZhn {]mtWm-]m-k\
sNp-h
- \v CXn-\m Cn [\w ssI hcp-s'
Cs\ sNmn BlpXn sNp-I. {]mW-tZ-hX A`ojvT-knn \Ip-X
- m-Wv. {]mtWm-]m-k-I-\mb F\nv
[\w ssI hcp--s. Fp sNmn BlpXn An-pI. Np-mb tZhn Ima\ km[n-n-p--h-fm-Wv. tZhn{]m-tWm-]m-k-I-\mb F\nv Cn--[\w ssI hcp-s. t{im{Xw F tZhn A`ojvS ^f-Zm-bn-\n-bm-Wv. {]mW
{_tm-]m-k-I-\mb F\nv tZhn Cn [\w ssIh-cp-s. Ahmbn BlpXn kan-p-p. a\-m-Ip
C{nbw A`o-jvS-^ew \Ip--Xm-Wv. {]mtWm-]m-k-I\mb F\nv AXv Cn [\w ssI hcp--s. Cs\
Blp-Xn-I sImSp--Xn\p tijw [qKw {LmWn-pIbpw lh-\m-in-jvS-amb LrXw ]pc-p-Ibpw au\w hcnv
[\m-[n-]s\ kao-]nv [\w Bh-iy-sav ]d-bp-Ibpw
sNp-I. B hyn Zqsc-sb-h n-sS-sb-n-ep-am-sW-n
ZqX aptJ\ kt-i-a-b-bvmw. Cu Iw B{K-ln
^ew \Ipw.

4. AYmtXm ssZhx kvatcm bky {]ntbm-_p`q- t j- Z yssky hm Gjmw ssh tXjm- a ssh
Ikva n ]hWn Anw D]-k-a m-[ mb GXbm
Gh BhrssXy Xm BPym-l p- X n PqtlmXn
hmNw tX abn Pqtlm-a yku kzmlm. {]mWw
tXabn Pqtlm-a yku kzmlm. Np-k vtX- a bn
Pqtlm-ayku kzmlm. t{im{XwtX abn Pqtlm
ayku kzml. a\kv t X abn Pqtlm- a yku

kzmlm. {]mw tX abn Pqtlm-ayku kzmlm.

CXyY [qa- K w {]Xn- { Lmb B Py- t e- t ]\
AwKm\n A\p-hn-arPy hmNw-btam A`n-{]-{h-Py-kwkv]iw PnK-antj ]nhmXm Zzm kw`m-j-W-amWx
XnjvtTXv {]ntbm-sslh `hXn kvacn sslhmkvam-X v.

A\-cw hmMvaqew kn-am-Ip A`o-jvS-]qn-sbn ]d-bp-p. D]m-k-I Bs-nepw {]nbw-Ic

- -\m-IW-sav B{K-ln-p ]w Ah hmKmZn tZh-XIv {]nb-\m-I-Ww. AXn\v GsX-nepw ]pWy-Xn-Ynbn bYm-hn[n tlmam-Nm-c--sfmw \nh-lnv LrXmlpXn kan--Ww. "Rm \ns hmm-Ip C{nbs Fn lh\w sNp-I. Fs Imcyw km[n-pam-dm-I-Ww. Cu BlpXn An-s Rm Fs
{]mWs\ Fn lh\w sNp-p. F\nv Imcy knnbp-m-I-s. Cu BlpXn kan-p-p. Rm \ns
t\{Xsf Fn lh\w sNp-p. "Fs Imcyw
km[n--s. Cu BlpXn kzoI-cn-p-I. Rm \ns
t{im{Xsf Fn lh\w sNp-p. Fs Imcyw
km[n-p-am-dm-I-s. Cu BlpXn ssIsm-p-I. Rm
\ns a\-ns\ Fn lh\w sNp-p. Fs Imcyw
km[n-s
- . Cu BlpXn kzoI-cn-pI; Blp-Xn-Ip
tijw [qa-Kw Gv tlmamnX LrXw AwK--fn
]pcn au\-a-h-ew-_nv B{K-ln hynsb kao-]n-Ww. ]ns hmbv i_vZw CnX hyn hsc Fn-p-Xn klm-b-I-amb m\v \np-sImv ]d-bWw
AtXmsS B hyn {]nbw-Ic
- -\m-bn-o-cpw. IqSmsX
m\w hn-Xn-\p-ti-jhpw Abm Hmn-pw.

5. AYmXx kmwb-a \w {]mXZ-\ -a m- -c -a n

tlm{Xw CXn N BN-tX bmhssZz ]pcp-tjm`mjtX \ XmhXv {]mWnXyw iIvt\mXn {]mWw
XZm hmNn PqtlmXn bmhssZz ]pcptjm {]mWnXn
\ XmhXv `mjnXpw iIvt\mXn hmNw XZm {]mtW
Pptlm-Xn. GtX A\t Aar-Xm-lpXo Pm{K
kz]v\w k-Xa
- -hy-h-n\w Pqtlm-Xy-Ybm A\ym
Blp-Xtbm A-hXv bkvXmx Ia atm ln
`hn GX ssh ]qth hnZzmwtkm Antlm{Xw \ Pplphmw N{Ipx
A\-cw Znthm-Zmk ]p{X-\mb {]X-\ A\p
jvTn kmwb-a\w F An-tlm-{X-s-n ]d-bp-p.
a\p-jy\v kwkm-cn-p-sIm-n-cns ]q-co-Xn-bn izknm km[y-a-. B Ln {]mWs\ hmWn-bm-Ip
An-bn lh\w sN-Ww. hmpw {]mWm-lp-Xn-Ifpw
Hcn-epw Ah-km-\n-m--Xm-W.v Ah Aa-c--fm-Ip-p.
DWn-cn-ptmgpw Dd-p-tmgpw Pohn-I Cu BlpXn-I tlmanp sImp Xs-bn-cn--Ww. hmn\pw
{]mWm-lp-Xn-Ipw `n-amb Ah-m-hn-ti-j--fm-Wv.
{Zhy- sImp Blp-Xn-I ]q-sav ]d-bm

101

I \nhr-n-bn-. {]mNo-\I- m-es m\n-I AX-dn-ncp-p. Ah tIhew I ab-amb Blp-Xn-Iv Gsd

{]m[m\yw sImSp-n-cp-n-.

6. Dw {_tXn l kvaml ipjvI `rwKmcx

XZr-K n-Xyp-]m-koX khmWn lmkvssa `qXm\n
t{ijvTym bm`yNyt XXv bp-cn-Xyp-]m-koX
k h mW n l m k vs s a `qX m\ n s s {i jvT y m
bpPyt XXv k{io-c n- a -X yp-] m-k oX khmWn
lmkvssa `qXm\n ss{ijvTymb kw\-at XXv
{iocn-Xyp-] m-koX XZyi CXyp-]m-koX XtP
CXyp-]m-ko-X. XZyssY XXv imkv{XmWmw {ioa- a w. bi-k zn-X aw tXP- k zn\w XtYm Gssh
hnZzm kthjmw `qXm\mw {iotam bikzo
Xax tXPkzo Xtam `h-X n. XtaX ssajvSIw
I abmXv am\w A[zcypx kwkv I - t cmXn
Xkvan, bp abw {]h-bXn bPpab EIv abw
tlmXm EIv a tb kma- a - b - a p- Z v K mXm k Gj
khssky {Xb hnZymbm Bssj D Ghm
kymm GX Zmm `hXn b Ghw thZ.

kma-th-Zm-\p-kr-X--fmb A\p-jvTm-\- kap-Nn-X-ambn

tbmPn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-tm ]q-amb ^e-kn-n-bpm-Ip-p. aqp thZ-hn-Zy-bp-sSbpw Bmhv A[z-cy-amIp {]mW-\m-Wv. {]mW Xs-bmWv Cu hnZy-bpsS
Bm-h.v {]mW-s\-n Cs\ Adn-bp hyn kzbw
{]mW-am-\-\m-Ip-p.

5. AYmXx kh-PnXx Iujo-X-tIxkv {XoWn

D]m-k-\m\n `h-n. btm]-hoXw IrXzm A]
BNay {XncpZ ]m{Xw {]knNy DZy-a
- m-Zn-Xy-ap-]Xn-jvT-tX. htmkn ]m]-am\w ta hrMv[otXy
Xss b- h m- h rXm at[y k- a p- Z ztm Akn
]m]v a m\w a DZv h rMv [ o tXyX ssbhm- h rXm
AkvX w bw kwhtm kn ]m]va m\w ta
kwhrMv [oXn bZ-tlm-cm-{Xm`ymw ]m]w ItcmXn
k XZv h rMv tX AY amkn- a m-k y-a m- h m-k ymbmw
]m- - { - a kw Zriy am\- a p- ] - X n- j v t T- s sXX
ssbhm-hrtXm lcnX XrWm`ymw hmIv {]Xy-bky-Xn-bt kpkoaw lrZ-b-a[n {inXw tX\ arXXztky imt\ am lw ]u{X-a Lw cpZ-a nXn \
lmkvamXv ]qhmx {]Pmx ss{]XoXn \p PmX-]p{]mW-s \- -s -b mWv alm- m-h mb ipjvI `rw
{Xky AY APmX ]p{Xky A]ym-b-kz-k-taXp
Kmc\pw {_-sap ]d-bp--Xv. DIvY cq]- n-e p
tX kw tX ]bmwkn kap-bp hmPm bam-ZnXym
{]mWs\ EIv Fv IcpXn D]m-kn-p-I. {]mW cq]Awip-am-]y-bn tXyXmkvXn {k EtNm P]nXzm
n-ep DIvYs EIv Fv Adn-bp m\nsb
am AkvamIw {]mtW\ {]Pbm ]ip`n cm]ym-btemI-nse alXzw B{K-ln-p kIe Pohn-Ifpw
bnjvTm tbm Akvam tZzjvSn bw N hbw Zznjva
]qPn-p-p. D-n bPp _pn-tN D]m-k-Is\
kvXky-{]m-tW\ {]Pbm ]ip`n cm]ymb tkzXn
al-Xz-Imw-n-I klm-bn-pp DIvY-n kma-_pn
ssZho-a m-h rX amh BZn-X y-k ym-h rX a\zmtN km[-Is\ DXvItj-p- \a-kvI-cn-p-p.
h CXn ZnWw _mlp-a-\zm-h-tX.
DIvYs {io`m-th\ D]m-kn-mw. AXn btim-`mhw
Dv. tXPv F \ne-bnepw AXv D]m-kn-mw. t{ijvTamb [\pv in khpw Gsd tXtPm-a-bhpw Bbncn-p-X
- p-t]mse Cu cl-ky-a-dn-bp-h
- t{ijvT\pw
bi-kznbpw {iok---\p-am-Ip-p.

Iujo-XIn aljnv aqp Xh-W-bp-mb A\p`qX D]m-k-\s

- b-
- n-bmWv C\n ]d-bp--Xv. CS-p-`m-Kn-cpv BN-an-pI; ]ns ]m{Xw hnip \ne
Pew sImv aqp-{]m-hiyw \nd-bvp-I. ]ns DZb
kqcy\v ALyw sImSpv ]d-bWw "{]]-s XrW
CjvSn-Im-c-Nn-X- amb thZn-bn knX I- bp- -amb
Xpeyw XyPn-p-Ib
- m Asb hw Fv ]d-bp-p.
{]mWm-nsb B kzcq-]
- n kzoI-cn-p. EXznv
Fs ]m]w \in-n-p-I. ]ns a[ym--n kqcys\
B-kw- kvImcw sN-Ww. bpth-Z-hn-[n- {]- Imcw kn\a-kvI-cnv ]d-bpI' "Asb DZzw Fv ]d-bp-p.
amb I- A\p-jvTn--Ww. bpth-Zob IFs ]m]w \in-np. kym-Im-epw Cs\ ]d-fn EtKz-Zk
- n--I-sf tbmPn-n-p-Ibpw kmabWw: Asb kwhw Fp ]d-bp-p. Fs ]m]th-Zm-\p-kr-X --fmb A\p-j vTm-\- kap-N n-X -ambn
sf AI-p-I, Cu D]m-k-\b
- psS ]cn-Wn-X^
- -ea
- mbn
tbmPn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-tm ]q-amb ^e-kn-n-bpa\p-jy-a\
- v ]cn-ip--am-Ip-p. Ah cm{Xntbm ]Item
m-Ip-p. aqp thZ-hn-Zy-bp-tSbpw Bmhv A[z-cy-amHcn-epw ]m]w sNp-n-. cm-as D]m-k\ ]dIp {]mW-\m-Wv. {]mW Xs-bmWv Cu hnZy-bpsS
bmw. Hmtcm amk-nepw Aam-hmky Znh-kw kqcy-a-WvUBm-h.v {]mW-s\-n Cs\ Adn-bp hyn kzbw
e-ns ]Sn-mdv `mKv nXn-sN-p kpjpav\m
{]mW-k-am-\-\m- Ip-p.
civan-bn N{ nXn- sN-p-Xv ImWmw. B L-n
CjvSn-Im-c-Nn-X- amb thZn-bn knX I- bp- -amb kqcys\ ]qPn-W
- w. ALy-n-\p Pe-]m-{X-n
{]mWm-nsb B-kz-cq-]-n kzoI-cn-p. EXznv cp-]--]p-ns apf-shp {]mn--Ww. "N{-a-WvUB-kw-kvImcw sN-Ww. bpthZ hn[n-{]-Imcw e-ns A[n-jvTm-{Xn-bmb tZhn kpc `mh\ Ie
kn-amb I- A\p-jvTn--Ww. bpth-Zob `h-Xn-bpsS lrZbw N{-aW
- vU-e-n hncm-Pn-p-p.
I--fn EtKz-Z-kn-I
- -sf tbmPn-n-p-Ibpw AXp aptJ\ tZhn Ah-\m-i-]-Zm-[n-Im-cn-Wn-bm-Wv. Rm

102

I ]p{X-tim-I-m Hcn-epw ZpxJnv Ic-bm-Xn-cn-m

Fn Zb sNp-I.' Cs\ D]m-kn-p--h ]p{Xhm-\m-sW-n Ahs ]p{X Abm-fpsS ac-W
- n\p
apv acn-n-. ]p{X-lo-\-\m-sW-n apn-e-s-tmse
Xmsg kqNn-n-p a{w P]n-W
- w. "tl \mco-cq-]bmb tkma, \o ]pcpj cq]n-bmb kqcys tXPv kzoIcnv {]hr-a
- m-p-I. DXv]-nv Imc-W`- q-X-amb hocyamb tXPv \nn nXn sN-s . \o A-{]m]vXnpw tlXp-hm-Ip-I. tkma, \o kuay-Kp-Wh
- m-\m-Wv.
\ns t{ijvT ckw ]pcp-jv D]-Imcw sNp-Xpw
in-Zm-b-Ihpw i{Xp-sf ]cm-Pb
- -s-Sp-m kahp-am-Wv. B ckw Pohn-Iv A\m-bm-k-ambn e`n-pam-dm-I-s. \o tXtPm-ab\mbn Rv Aa-cXzw ssIhcp-p-I. kz-n t{ijvT-amb biv {]Xn-jvTn-p-I.

{]Xy--s-Sp-tm N{s\ \a-kvI-cnv Xmsg sImSpp a{w D-cn-W

- w. "Atbm tkma, Av temInse {]IrXn cq]n-Wn-bmb Da-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb tkma-s\p
t]cp cmPm-hm-Wv. Av kh-Im-cy-Ip-i-e\pw ]-apJ-\p-amb {]Pm-]-Xn-bm-Wv. {_m-W A-bpsS Hcp
apJ-am-W.v B apJw sImv Av {Xnb cmPm--msc
`n-p-p. B apJw sImp-Xs Fs Aw `np--Xn\pw Zl-\-n\pw i-\m-pw. {Xn-b AbpsS Hcp apJ-am-Wv. AXp-sImv Av sshiy-msc
`n-p-p. AtX-apJw sImv Av Fs A `W-n\pw Zl-\-n\pw i-\m-p-I. tiy\w A-bpsS
Hcp apJ-am-Wv. AXp-sImv Av ]n-Isf `n-pp. B apJw sImv Ap Fs A `-Wn\pw Zl-\-n\pw ka-\m-p-I. An A-bpsS
Hcp apJ-am-W.v AXp-sImv Av Cu {]]-s `np-p. B apJw sImv Av Fs A `-I\
- mp-I. A-bpsS Am-as apJw sImv Av kh{]m-Wn-I-sfbpw `n-p-p. AXp-sImv Av Fs
A-t`m-Pn-bm-p-I. Av Fs {]mW {]P arK-
Fnh Hn-s\bpw \in-n-c
- p-Xv. R-fpsS i{Xp-fpsS {]mW-s\bpw {]P-I-sfbpw arK--sfbpw \in-n-pI. Rm a{m- [n- ]- Xn- bmb tZh-X- sbbpw A-bpsS kc- W -{ In- b - s bbpw A\p-h n- p Iq- n- e m-W v .'
Cs\ at{m-m-c-W-tmsS hes `pPw A\zmh\w sNp-I.

kv{Xo cq]-amb tkmas Zzm-Zi

- m-Zn-Xy-m-cmb ]pcpj-m X-fpsS hocy-am-Ip tXP-p-sImv B\-nn-p-p. Ab _e-ap tkmaw ]m\w sNp-p.
tkma-Xw-cw-K
- -fm ss{XtemIy kwc--I\
- mb hcpW\pw _rl-kv]X
- nbpw Rv _ehpw B\-hpw
\Ip-am-cm-I-s. tl tkma, \o R-fpsS Poh {]PI arK- Fn-h-bn \ns hniv ian-n-c
- p-Xv.
Fm R-tfmSv sshc-ap--htcm Rv sshc-ap-htcm Bb-h-cpsS Poh kXn arK- Fn-hbn \o kwXr-]X
v \
- m-I-Ww. Rm Cu a{-ns A[n]-\mb tZh-X-sbbpw \ns k-b-\-{In-bsbbpw A\phn- p-- h-\m-Wv.' Cs\ Ens ]mT- klnXw
Cs\ tkmas\ ]qPn--Xn-\p-tijw ]Xv\n-bpsS
he-Xp-`pPw A\zm-h\w sNp-I.
amhnSw kv]inv Ah-fpsS ASp-n-cpv Cs\ ]d6. AY ]q-amkymw ]pc-kvXmXv N{-a kw bWw: "t{ijvT-Im-a-\-It- fmSp IqSn-b-h-sf, \o tkma-cq-]nZriy-am\w D]-Xn-jvtTX GX-ssb-hm-hrXm tkmtam Wn-bm-Wv. \ns lrZbw {]P-Isf t]mjn-n-p--Xm-Wv.
cmPm kn hnN-Wx ]-aptJm kn {]Pm-]Xn AXn nXn sNp tkma-a-WvUe k-Zr-i-amb
{_m-WkvX GIw apJw tX\ aptJ\ cmtm AarXw F\n--dn-bmw. Cu kXy-I-Y-\-m ]p{X-timkvan tX\ aptJ\ amw AmZw Ipcp. cmPm X I- m F\n-s m-cn- epw ZpxJn- m-\ n- S-b m- I -cp- X v.
- Ah-\pGIw apJw tX\ aptJ\ hntimXv kntX\ aptJ\ Cs\ sNmn-bm km[-Is km-\
apv
arXnb
S
b
pI
b
n
.
amw AmZw Ipcp. tiy\kvXp GIw tX\ aptJ\

]n-tWmn tX\ aptJ\ am AmZw IphnjvS GIw apJw tX\ aptJ\ Caw temI-an
tX\ aptJ\ ama-mZw Ipcp Xzbn ]aw apJw
tX\ aptJ\ khmWn `qXm-\ykvXn tX\ aptJ\
ama-mZw Ipcp. am kvamcw {]mtW\ {]Pbm ]ip`n-ch
- t- -]jvSm tbm kvam tZzjvSn bw Nhbw
Zznjva-kvX ky {]mtW\ {]Pbm ]ip-`n-c]
-
- ob
tkzXn ssZho-am-hrXm amhr BZn-Xykym hrXa-\zm-h CXn `nWw _lp-am-\zm-h - -tX.
AY kwth-iy Pmbssb lrZ-b-a-`n-ar-ti-Zyt
kpkota lrZtb lnX ax {]Pm-]Xu at\ylw
amw XZv hnZzmwkw tX\ am lw ]u{X-alw cpZanXn \lm-kvamXv ]qhmx {]Pmx ss{]Xo-Xn.
A\-cw hyXy-kvXa
- mb Hcp D]m-k-\s
- bnbmWv
]d-bp--Xv. ]uan Znhkw kybvv Ingp Znn

7. AY t{]mjym-b ]p{Xky aq[m-\a

- -`n-arti-Xv. AwKm-Zw-KmXv kw`-hkn lrZ-bm-Z-[n-Pm-btk
Bm Xzw ]p{X-am-hn[ k Poh icZx iX-a-kmhnXn \mamky KrlvWm-Xn. Aivam `h ]c-ip
`h. lnc-Wy-a-kvXyXw `h. tXtPm ssh]p-{X-\mamkn k Poh icZx iX- a m-k m-h nXn \mamky
KrlvWmXn tb\ {]Pm-]Xnx {]Pmx ]cy-Kr-lvWmXv
AcnjvssSy tX\ Xzm ]cn-Kr-lvW may kmhn{Xn
\mamky KrlvWmXn AYmky ZntW It
P]Xy kvssa {]bn aL-hp Pohn-jn-n-Xo{
t{ijvTm\n {Zhn-Wm\n tZloXn kthy amnm
am hyYnjvSm iXw icZ Bbptjm Poh-]p{X tX
\mav\m ap[m \a-h-Pn-{Lm-hy-km-hn-X n-{Xnap[m\-a-hP
- n-t{LXv Khmw Xzm lnm-tc-Wm-`nlnw ItcmaoXn {Xn aq[m\ a`n lnw Ipcym-Xv.

103

A\y tZi-p-\npw Xncn-s-nb ]nXmhv Xs

]p{Xs inc-n {LmWnv Cs\ ]d-bWw: AwKn\npw lrZ-b-n \npw Dm-b-h\
- m-Wv. \o
Fs \c-I-n \nv cn-p. \o \qdp-hjw Pohnn-cn-p-I. \o hwi-]c
- --csb hnn--am-n-o-cp-Xv.
a\km hmNm ico-tcW \o Hcn-epw ]oUn-X\
- mbn Xoccp-Xv. ]ip AXns InSm-hns\ hnfn-m i_vZa
- p-mp-X
- p-t]mse Rm\pw \ns kvt\l-]qhw hnfn-pI-bm-Wv. Cs\ ]dv kqNn-n--s-n-p a{-
bYm-hn[n sNm-Ww.

8. AYmtXm tZhx ]cn-kcx GXssZz {_m-Zn]ytX bZ- n PzeXn X{n-btX b PzeXn

Xkym-ZnXy tah tXmtPm KXn hmbpw {]mWx
GXssZz {_ Zo]ytX bZm- Z ntXy ZriytX
AssY-X-{n-btX X Zriy tX Xky N{-amk
tah tXtPm KXn hmbpw {]mWx GXssZz {_Zo-]ytX XZv hnZyp-tZym-XtX AssYX {nbXv b
hntZym-XtX Xky hmbp-tah tXtPm KXn hmbpw
{]mWx Xm hmw GXmx khmx tZhXm hmbp-tah
{]hniy hmbu arXm-\-NvOt Xkvam-ssh ]p\cp-`o-cX CXyZn ssZh-Xw. AYm-[ymw GXssZz
{_ Zo]ytX bZzm-Nm-b-ZXy ssYX-{an-btX b
hZXn Xky {_-Z o-]ytX b- pjm ]iyXn
GX-Xvv#n-btX b ]iyXn Xky t{im{X tah
tXmtPm KXn {]mWw {]mWx GXssZz {_-Zo]ytX b-\ km [ymbXy ssYX-{n-btX b
[ymbXn Xky {]mW-tah tXtPm-K
- X
- n. {]mWx
Xm Gh GXm khmx tZhXmx {]mW-tah {]hniy
{]mW-n]vXm \ aqOt Xkvam ssZzh ]p\-cpZo-c-tX. ZXy-Znl hm Ghw hnZzmw k D`u ]h-Xmh`n {]ht-bmXmw XpkvXqj-amWm `n-Wtm--c \ssl-ssh\w kvXrWzo-bmXmw AY
b G\w Zznjn bmw kzbw tZzjvSn X G\w
kth ]cn- {an-b - t. irWz a\km [ymb
inipx Gh AssY-\Xv at\m {]hn-thi XZv hm
Nmh- Z pjm. ]iyXv t{imt{XW irWz
a\km [ymb inipx Ghm-ssY-\Xv {]mW.

{]mW--fn-se-p-p. hopw {]mW--fn \npw Cu

kh in-Ifpw Bhn`-hn-p-p. Cu hn]-cn-Wm-a-s-n-bp m\w knn hyn-bpsS B ]h-Xn- \ p- t ]mepw A\m- Z - cn- m km[y- a - . Ahs\
FXnp-- hv \mi-amWv ]cn- Wm-aw. Cu hn[w ImWpIbpw Nnn-p-Ibpw tIp-Ibpw apw sNp inip
Xs-bmWv {]mW.

9. AYmtXm \nx t{ib-km-Zm\w khm l ssh

tZhXm Alw t{ibtk hnh-Z-am\mx AkvamZv icocmXv D-{Iapx Xm-cp-`qXw intcm ssY\Xv hmv
{]hn-thi XZzmNm hZ-nipx Gh AssY-\-px
{]hn-thi XZzmNm Ah-Z - p jm ]iy-nipx
Ghm ssY\Xv {]mWx {]hn-thi XZzm-N m-h-Z -pjm ]iyXv t{imt{XW irWz a\-km-[ymb inip Ghm ssY\Xv {]mWx {]hn-th-iX
-
- X
Gh kap-u tXtZhm {]mtW \nt{i-bkw
hnZnXzw {]mW-tah {]m-m\w A`nkw `qb
ksslssXx kssh-c-kvamXv temImXv D-{Iapx
tX hmbp {]XnjvT m BIm-i m- m\x kzco- bpkvXYm Gsshhw hnZzm kthjmw `qXm\mw
{]mW-tah {]m-m\ a`n kw`qb ksslXx
kssh-c-kvamXv ico-cmXv DXv{Im-aXn k hmbp
{]Xnjv T BIm- i m- m- k z- t cXn k XZv `hXn
Xss{XtX tZhmk XXv {]m]y XZ-artXm `hXn
bZ-arXmx tZhmx

Hcn- hmv Npv t{im{Xw a\v FnhbpsS

tZh-X-am Al-m-cn-I-fmbn X-fpsS t{ijvTXzw m]np--Xn-\mbn {]mW-t\m-sSmw ico-c-n \npw ]pdp-t]m-bn. AXn-\p-tijw Cu C{n-b--fpsS tZh-X-am
Hmtcm-cp--cmbn ico-c-n {]th-in-p. As\ {]thin--tXmsS icocw kwkm-cn-p--Xn\pw ImWp--Xn\pw
tIp--Xn\pw Nnn-p--Xn\pw B-cw-`-am-bn. Fm
{]mW Cm-Xn-cp--Xp-sImv th hn[-n Imcy-aX {]Zin-n-m Ahv Ign-n-. AtXmsS
kIe C{n-b-pw {]mWs alXzw AwKo-Ic
- nmsX Xc-an-sp hp. {]mW-\mWv kthm-]cn alXz-sa-Xv Ah-scmw k-Xn-p. BImi kzcq-]
- -fmbn
tZh-]-cn-k-c-s--n-bmWv C\n ]d-bp--Xv. Cu euIn- Ah kz-n-senx Aar-X-Xzhpw ssI hcn-p.
Imn ian-p-tm AXm-bXv acn-p-tm AXns
10. AYmXx ]nXm ]p{Xobw kw {]Zm-\a
- nXn N
tXPv kqcy-\n-tebvv t]mIp-p. kqcy ad-bp-tm
BN
t
X.
]nXm
]p{Xw
t{]jv
T

ml
zb
Xn \
AXns tXPv N{-\n-tebvv t]mIp-p. AXp-t]mse
sshXrs
sWc
wK
mcw
kwkv
X
ocy
Anw
D]mk-amN{s tXPv hnZyp-nepw hnZyp-n-sXv hmbp-hnepw
[mb
DZI
pw`w
k{]m{
Xa
p]
\
n[
mb
Blt
X\
{]th-i n-p-p. AtX {]Im-c-n Xs a\p-j y
hmp aptJ\ FmtWm? kwkm-cn-p-Xv AXv {_- hmkkm kw{]-x kzbw tiyX GXy ]p{X\
cq]w Xs-bm-Wv. hmv Ah-km-\n-p-tm AXns D]-cn-jvSm-Z-`n-\ n-] -Zy-tX. C{n-s sb-c -tky-{n-bmWn
tXPv Np- n {]th-in- p-p. Npv AS- bp-tm kwkv ] r- i y m]n hm A`n- a p- J X Gh m k oX
AXns in ImXp-If
- n {]th-in-p-p. ImXns AYmkvssa kw{]-b-Xn hmNw ta Xzbn Z[m-\oXn
in Ah-km-\n-p-tm AXv a\-n sNs-p- ]nXm hmNw tX abn Z[ CXn ]p{Xx {]mWw
p. a\v \njv{In-b-am-bn-o-cp-tm AXns tXPv taXzbn Z[m-\oXn ]nXm {]mWw tX abn Z[ CXn

104

I ]p{Xx Np ta Xzbn Z[m-\oXn ]nXm. NpkvtX-abn Z[ CXn ]p{Xx t{im{Xw ta Xzbn Z[m\oXn ]nXm t{km{Xw ta abn Z[ CXn ]p{Xx
Am-c-kmXv ta Xzbn Z[m-\o-Xn. ]nXm A ckmw
kvtX abn Z[ CXn ]p{Xx ImWn ta Xzbn
Z[m-\o-Xn. ]nXm ImWn ta abn Z[ CXn. ]p{Xx
kpJ ZpxtJ ta Xzbn Z[m-\ o- X n. ]nXm kpJ
ZpxJtX abn Z[ CXn. ]p{Xx B\w cXnw
{]PmXow tX abn Z[ CXn. ]p{X CXymta Xzbn
Z[m-\oXn ]nXm CXymkvtX abn Z[ CXn ]p{Xx
[ntbm hnm-Xhyw Imam ta Xzbn ZnZm-\oXn
]nXm [ntbm hnm-Xhyw Imamw kvtX abn Z[
CXn ]p{Xx AY ZnWm hpXv {]mMp ]\n jv{IaXnXw ]nXm \p a{-btX btim {_ h
ka-mZyw Ion kvXzmpj Xman-XytY Xcx
khyw ka-\z-t]-tX ]mWn\m A [mb hk\m-t\ hm{]-mZy kzmXv temImXv I Imam
\m]v\ p loXn kbcy KZx kymXv ]p{XssWy
iztcy ]nXm- k - h - t kXv ]cn- h m- t P- Z yZyp ssh
t{]bmZy tZssh\w kam-]-bmXn XYm. kam-]bn
Xthym `hXn XYm kam-]-bn-Xthym `h-Xn. CXn
ZznXo-tbm-[ym-bx

b. kXyw lo{x ktlm-hm-N. am tah hnPm-\oln

GX-tZ-h mlw a\p-jymb lnX-Xaw at\y-bamw
hnPm-\o-bm-Xv. {Xn{io-iojmWmw Xzmjv{S-a-l-\-acpap-Jm-\y-Xo kmem-hr-tI`yx {]mbw hox
kw[m AXn-{Iay Znhn {]mZo bm\-XrW al-a-cot ]utem-am ]rYnhymw Ime-Jm-\-Pm.
Xky ta X{X \ tema N am aob-tX. ktbm amw
hnPm-\o-bm-mky tI\ N IWm temtIm aobtX. \ amXr-ht- [\ \ ]nXr-h-t[\ \ kvtXtb\
\ {`qW-lX
- ybm \mky ]m]w N\-N-Irtjm apJmoew th XoXn.

Znthm-Zm-ks ]p{X-\mb {]X-\ Hcn- kzn t]mbn. At-l-ns bp NmXp-cyhpw ]pcpjmhpw Iv C{ hfsc kp-jvS-\mbn Cs\
]dp: "Rm Abvv Fp hcw XcWw?' {]X\ ]dp: "tZh-cm-P, Av GsXmcp hkvXp-hmtWm
a\pjy PmXnv awK-f-Im-cn-sbp a\-n-em-p-Xv AXv
Xcq. hcw Ap-Xs Xnc-s-Sp- p- I.'AXp- tIv C{
]dp: "hcw Bcpw A\yp-thn tNmZn-m-dn-.'
AXn- \m A-bvs-m- h-iytam AXv tNmZn-mw. {]Z\ ]d-p. A-s\-sb-n F\nv Hcp hchpw tNmZnm-\n-. C{ GXm-bmepw hmn \nv ]nam-dn-bn- mb C{ ]dp: "{]X-\, Av
Xs Ay-Imew kao-]n-p-shv t_m[yw hm . kXy-kz-cq-]\
]nXm-hn\v ]p{Xs\ hnfnv Xs {]mW-i-nsb Ah- Fs a\-n-em-p-I. a\p-jy-Pm-Xnv Fs \-t]mse
- mWv awK-fI
- -cw.'
\n {]Xn-jvTn- m-hp-- Xm-Wv. AXn-\mbn Abm ]p{Xs a\-n-em-p-X
khmw-K-fpw kv]inv Xs hmv, {]mW {LmWw
{]Pm- ]-Xn-bpsS ]p{X-\mb hniz-cq-]-s\ {Xnin-c-ns\
Npv t{im{Xw A-ckw Iw kpJ ZpxJ-
Rm h{Pm-bp-[-m l\n-p. B{i-a{- `-jvS-cmb k\ymkm-t\m-Xv]m-Z\ in km-c-in _pn apX-emkn-amsc AwK-`wKw hcpn Ipdp-\c
- n-Iv sImSp-p.
bh Ah\v {]Zm\w sNmw. ]p{X\v Ah kzoI-cn-m-hp{]mZ ]cn-Nm-c-Ic
- mb cm-kamsc sImpw {]tem- Xm-W.v AXn- \p- tijw ]nXmhv Pohn-n-cn- p- I-bm-sW-n
am-kp-cs ]cn-Nm-I-scbpw Ime-Im-iy-sc ssZXy-scbpw
]p{Xs\ B{i-bnv Ign-p-Iq-Sp-Itbm k\ymkw kzoIsImsm-Sp-n. AXp-sIm-smpw F\nv oWw `hncnv Krlw ssI shSn-bp-Itbm Bhmw. As\ ]p{X\v
n-. Cs\ Fs a\-n-em-n-bm Abm-fpsS ]pWy]nXm-hns kh inIfpw ssI hcn-m Ignbpw
temIw Ap-a
- m-bn-cn-pw. Fs bYm kzcq]w
AtXmsS ]p{X ]nXm-hns bYm A\-c
- m-hI
- m{Kln--hs\ Hcp ]m]hpw D]-{Z-hn-n-. Ah Hcp ]m]in-bmbn `hn-p-p.
nepw ]m-fn-bm-In-. ]m]-{]-hrn Pm{K-m-bmepw
]p{X-t\mSv ]nXmhv ]d-bp-Xpw ]p{X {]Xyp--c- Ahs apJv \oe-a-bp-m-hn-.
ambn ]d-bp-X
- p-amb hmIy--fmWv aqe-n Dsm2. k tlm hmN {]mtWm kvan {]m-mXw
p- -Xv.

aqmw Aymbw
1. {]XZt\m l ssZthm-Zm-kn-cn-{ky {]nbw
[mtam-] -P -K m-a . bpt\ N ]ucp-tjW N Xw
tl{x DhmNx {]XZ-\ , hcw tX ZZm \nXn.
ktlm-hmN {]XZ\x Xztah hrWojz bw Xzw
a\p-jymb lnX-Xaw a\yk CXn Xw tl{ DhmNb \ ssh htcm Ah-ckvssa hrWo-tX. Xztah
hrWo-tjy-tXyh ahtcm ssh Ine CXn tlm
hmN. {]ZZ\x AY Jep C{x kXym-tZh t\\m-

amam-bp-c-ar-Xa
- n-Xyp-]m-kzm. Bbpx {]mWx {]mtWm
hm Bbpx {]mW Ghm arXw bmhXv ln Akan icotc {]mtWm hkXn Xmh Zmbpx {]mtW\
ln Gh Akvan temtI AarX Xzam-]vt\m-Xn.
{]tbm kXyw kev]w k tbm aam-bp-car-X-an-Xyp-]mkvtX kh-am-bp-c-kvan temI bGXn. B]vt \mXn Aar-X Xzw AnXnw kzttemtI XssI Blp-tcI `qbw ssh {]mWm
K-o-Xn. \ ln I\ iIv\p bmXv kIr-ZzmNm
\ma-{]-m-]b
- nXpw Npjm cq]w t{imt{XW
i_vZw a\-km-[ymXpw CXn GI-`qbw ssh{]mWmx

105

I GssI-I-ta-Xm-\n. khm-tWym-h-{]-m-]-bn
hmNw hZn kth {]mWm A\p-h-Z-n. Npx
]iyXv kth {]mWmx A\p-] -i yn t{im{Xw
irWzXv kth {]mWm A\p-ir-W z-n. {]mWw
{]mWmw kth {]mWmx A\p- {]m- W - o-X n.
Gh apssl-X-Z nXn tl{ DhmN AkvX n-tXzh
{]mWm\mw \nx t{ib-k-an-Xn.
hopw C{ ]d-p. "Rm {]- bpsS kmmXv
cq]-amb {]mW-\m-Wv. B {]mW\pw {]m-cq-]a
- mb
Bm-thmSp IqSn-b-hs
- \pw Adn-n-p C{-\mb
Fs Bbp-m-sWpw Aar-X-am-sWpw IcpXn D]mkn-p-I. {]mW Aar-X-am-Ip-p. AXp-Xs Bbp-pw.
Bbp-p-Xs {]mW. Cu tZl-n {]mW Dn-Stmfw am{Xta Bbp-p-q. Fm {]mW-cq-]n-bmb
Pohn ]c-tem-Ip t]mbn Aar-X-ns B\w A\p`-hn-p-p. {] aptJ-\ -bmWv kXym-k -Xy--fpsS
\n-bw. C{-\mb Fs Bbp-spw Aar-X-sapw
IcpXn D]m-kn-p--h temI-n ]qm-bp-p-hsc
Pohn-n-cpv kz {]m]vXn-p-tijw Hcn-epw \jvSam-I m Aar- X - X z- ns B\w A\p-` - h n- pw.
{]mWs\ kw_-n-n-S-tmfw Nne ]WvUn-X
- m ]dbp-Xv Fm {]mW-fpw Htc `mhw tN-Xm-sW-mWv. Hcmpw ImXp-sImv tIm\pw a\-p-sIm-v
Nnn-m\pw Ip-sImv ImWm\pw hmp-sImv ]dbm\pw Hcp-anv km[y-a-. Ah-sb-sm-p A\p-`hw
{]tXyIw {]tXyIw ka- b-m-Wv. a\p Nnn-p Ln asm {]mW-fpw AXp-ambn kl-Ic
- nv Nnma-b-am-Ip-p. t\{Xw Fs-nepw ImWp-tm ap {]mW AXns\ A\p-k-cn-p-p. hmv Fs-nepw ]dbp-tm ap {]mW- AXns klm-bn-I-fm-Ip-p.
ImXp tIp- tmgpw A-s\--s. {][m\ {]mWs
Imcy-n ap {]mW- kl-I-cn- p- p. C{
]dp: ""Fm {]mW-fpw Hp-Xs
- . Cu ]-{]mW-fpw IeymW kzcq-]n-I-fmWv F Imcyw bYma-s{X.''

3. PohXn hmK-t]tXm aqIm ln ]iymtam

Pohn-Xn. Np ct] tXm Am ln ]iymtam
PohXn t{im{Xm t]tXm _[n-cm ln ]iymtam
Poh-Xn. at\m t]tXm _mem ln ]iymtam PohXn. _mlp-ntm Poh-Xyp-cp-n CXnx Ghw ln
]iyma CXn. AY Jep {]mW Gh {]mXv
taZw icocw ]cn-Kr-tlym-m-]-b-Xn.
hmv Cs-nepw a\p-jy Pohn-n-cn-p-p. aqI-\mb
hyn CXn-p-Zm-l-cW
- a
- m-W-tm. A\pw Pohn-n-cnpp. _[n-c\pw acn-p-n-. a\-
- n-bn-s-nepw
inip- Pohn-n-cn-p-p. ssIIm-ep-Itfm av AwKtfm \jvS-s--hcpw Pohn-n-cn-p-pv Fm {]mW\n- m ]w bmsXm-cmpw Hcn-epw Pohn-n-cn- m
Ign-bp-n-.

Xkvam-t Z-X-tZh D]m-ko-X . tbm ssh {]mWx

km {]m bm hm {]m k {]mWx k ln
GXm-h -k va n icotc hkXx ktlmXv {Ima-X kvXssky Gjm Gh ZrjvSnx GXXv hnm-\w.
b{X GXXv ]pcpjx kp]vXx kz]v\w \ I\
]iy- X yYmkv a n {]mW Gh GIYm `h- n.
XssZ\w hmIv kssh\m- a `nx klm- t ]yXn
t{im{Xw ksshx i_vssZx ktlm-]ytX a\x
ksshx [ymss\x klm-t]yXn k kZm {]Xn_p-[ytX bYm-t Pze\x khm-Zntim hniv]penwKm hn{]-Xn-jvtT-c-th ta Ghw Xkvam Zm\x
{]mWm bYm bX\w hn{]-Xn-jvTt {]mtWt`ym
tZhm tZtht`ym temIm. Xky Gjm Gh knnx
GXZv hnm\w. bss{X-XXv ]pcpj Btm
acn-j y- m-_ eyw t\yXy ktmlw t\yX-a-X `
lpx DZ-{I-a o- nw \ irtWmXn \ ]iyXn \
hmNm hZXn \ [ymb-Xy-Ym-kvan {]mW Gssh
IYm `hXn XssZ\w hmIv kssh \ma`nx klmt]yXn t{im{Xw ksshx i_vssZx ktlm-t]yXn
a\x ksshx [ymss\x klm-t]yXn bZm {]Xn_p-[ytX bYm-t PzetXm hnkv^p-enwKm hn{]Xn-jvtT-c-t-h-ta-sshX kvamZm-\x {]mWm bYmb-X \w hn{]-Xn-jvTt {]mtWt`ym tZhm tZth
t`ym temImx

AXn-\m AXn-s\-s D]m-kn-p-I. {Inbm-i-nbpsS t_m[-ap-m-p {]mW Xs-bmWv m\n {]hn-p {]m--I-amb Bm-hv. AXpX-s-bmWv tZls Fm `mK- p-\ npw {Klnv
hyXykvX I- sNn- p-- Xv. AXn-\m Cu {]mWs\-s DIvY-sap IcpXn D]m-kn--Ww. {]mW-cq-]n {]kn-a
- m-bn-pXpXs {]. {]bpw
{]mW\pw ico-c- n Hcp-anv Ign-bp- p. {]mW-ab
{_s kw_-n m\w CXm-Wv. Pohn-I apJy
{]mW-\n GIo-`-hn-p-tm kz]v\w ImWp-I-bn-. B
nXn-bn Pohn-I Xs \ma--tfmSpw t\{XmZn C{nb-- a\v Fnh-tbm-Sp-samv apJy {]mW-\n ebnp-p. Fcn-bp Xobn \nv Xosm-cn-I \mep-]mSpw
NnX-dp-p. AXp-t]mse a\p-jy m\w t\Snb tijw
{]mW-\m-Ip Bm-hn \npw hmv apX-emb Fm
{]mW-fpw ]pd-sv AXm-Xns m\--fn {Klnp-p. ]noSv Ah-bn \npw An XpS-nb tZhm {]Xy-s
- v hn`n {]h-\
- \S-m-\p
Imc-W-ambnocp-p.
{]mW-cq-]a
- mb Bm-hns knn-sb--n-bm-sW-n
a\p- jy tcmKn-bmbn acn-m XpS- p- tm Ah in
lo\\pw sslX\y cln-X\
- p-am-Ip-p. Atm Ah\v
]cn-N-b- m-sctbm {]nb P\--sftbm Xncn- -dn- bm inbn-. B Ah-bvv {]mtWm-Xv{I-aWw Fp ]d-bpp. B L-n Ah Fs-nepw ]d-bp-Itbm

106

I tIp-Itbm a\-n-em-p-Itbm sNp-n-. tIhew

{]mW--fn ebn-n-cn-p-p. Atm \ma, cq], i_vZ
Nnm-Zn-I {]mW-\n ebn-p-p. Fm ac-Wm-\cw Ah ]p\Pw kzoI-cn-ptm Pzen-p
An-bn Xosm-cn-I ]pd-s-Sp--Xp-t]mse {]mW-cq]n-bmb Bm-hn \npw ]-{]m-W-fpw ]pd-sv
Ah-cpsS m\w kzoI-cn-p-p. Ah-bpsS A[n-jvTmXm-hmb An apX-emb tZh-X-I {]Xy--sv temIw
\maw XpS-n-b-hsb bYm-tbmKyw ssIsm-p-p.

4. k bZm Akv a mXv ico- c mXv DXv{ Im-a Xn

kssl ssh ssXx kssh- c p-X v{ Im- a Xn hmKkvamXv khmWn \mam\n A`n-hn-kr-P-tX. hmNm
khmWn \mam\n B]vt\m-Xn. {]mtWm kvam
khm Km B]v t \m- X n. Np- c - k v a mXv
khmWn cq]mWn A`n- h n- k r- P - tX. Npjm
khmWn cq]mWn B]vt \m-Xn. t{imX-a-kva mXv
khm i_vZ m A`n-hn-kr-P-tX. at\m-kvamXv
khmWn [ym\m\n A`n- h n- k r- P - t X. a\km
khmWn [ym\m\n B]vt\m-Xn. sskjm {]mtW
khm]vXnx tbm ssh {]mWx km {]m bm
hm {]m k {]mWx kl- t ]yXm hkv a n
icotc hkXx ktlmXv {Ima-Xx. AY Jep bYm
Assky {]mssb khmWn `qXm\n GIw
`h-Xn. XZv hymJym kymax
icocw hnp-t]m-Ip Pohn DXv{I-an-p L-n
AXv Fm C{n-b-fpw tNmWv DXv{I-an-p--Xv.
Atm hmv kIe \ma- - sfbpw XyPn-p-p. {LmtW{nbw K-c-ln-X-am-bn-o-cp-p. t\{X- bmsXmpw
ImWm in-bn-m--h-bmbn `hn-p-p. sNhn khi-_vZ
- -sfbpw shSn-bp-p. a\v Nnn-m-\p-X-Ip
kIe hnj-b--sfbpw ]cn-Xy-Pn-p-p. Cs\ {]mWcq-]n-bmb Bm-hn kIe C{n-b-fpw kan--sSp-p. Ah X-fpsS hnj-b-sf ]q-ambpw ]cn-XyPn-p-I- bm-W.v
{] Fv ]d-b p- Xp Xs-b mWv {]mW.
{]mW Xs {]. cpw tZl-n tNv Ign-bpp. Hcp-anp Xs cpw DXv{I-an-p-p. {]-bn
C-s\-bmWv kh-`q-X-fpw GIo-`-hn-p-Xv Fv hniZo-I-cn-mw.

5. hmtK hmkym GI-aw-K-ap-ZrVw Xky \ma

]c-k vX mXv {]Xn-h n- l n-X m-` q- X - a m-{ Xm. {LmWta
hmkym GI-aw-K-ap-ZqVw Xky Kx ]c-kvXmXv
{]Xn-hn-lnXm `qX-am-{Xm. Np-tc-hmkym GIaw
Kap-ZqVw Xky cq]w ]c-kvXmXv {]Xn-hn-lnXm `qXam{Xm t{km{X-ta-hmkym GI-awKw kpZrVw Xky
i_vZx ]c-kvXmXv {]Xn-hn-lnXm `qX-am{Xm Pnsslhmkym GI-a w- K w. apZqUw Xkym- - c kx ]ck v X mXv {] Xn- h n- l n- X m. `qX - a m{Xm l k v X m

thhmkym GI-a m-{X-a p-Z q-V w. Xtbm I ]ckvXmXv {]Xn-hn-lnXm `qX-am-{Xm. ico-c-ta-hmkym
GI awK-ap-ZqVw Xky kpJ ZpxtJ ]c-kvXmXv
{]Xn hnlnXm `qX-am-{Xm. D] Ghmkym GI
awK-ap-ZqVw Xkym-\tm cXnx {]PmXnx ]c-kvXmXv
{]Xn-h n-lnXm `qX-am-{Xm. ]mZm-th-hmkym GIaw
Kap-Zq-Vw. Xtbm-c nXym ]c-kvXmXv {]Xn-hn-ln-Xm`qX am{Xm {]t - h mky GI - a w- K - a p - Z qVw
Xssky [ntbm. hnm-Xmhyw Imam ]c-kvXmXv
{]Xn-hn-lnXw `qX-am-{Xm.

hmv {]-bpsS Hcw-K-ns ]qo-I-cWw \nhln-p-p. B C{nbw AXns hnj-b-n-\\

- p-cq-]-ambn
]pd-tbvv Bi-b- hnSp-p. AXp-t]mse {]bpsS Hcp AwK-ns ]qo-Ic
- Ww {LmtW-{nbw
\nh-ln-p-p. AXns hnj-b-n-\-\p-k-c-Wa
- mbn K I-dn-bp-p. t\{Xw {]-bpsS asmcp AwKs
]pjv Sn-s-Sp-p-p. AXns hnj-b-n-\-\p-cq-]-am-bn-pXv cq]-am-Wv. t{imt{X-{nbw {]-bpsS asm-cw-Ks
]q-am-p-p. AXn-\-\p-cq-]a
- mb hnjbw i_vZa
- m-Wv.
\mpw {]-bpsS Hcw-Ks ]q-am-p-p. AXns
kz`mhw kzmZv Xncn--dn-bp-I-bm-Wv. ssIIfpw {]-bpsS
asm-cw-Ks ]pjvSn-s-Sp-p-p. AXns {]h\
aWvUew I-am-Wv. tZlhpw {]-bpsS Hcw-Ks
]pjvSn-s-Sp-p-p. AXns {]h\ aWvUew Iam-Wv. tZlhpw {]-bpsS Hcw-Ks ]pjvSn-s-Sp-pp. AXns hnj-b-n-\\
- p-cq-]-am-bn-p-Xv kpJ-Zpx-J-fm-Wv. D]-hpw {]-bpsS Hcw-Ks ]cn-]p-jvSam-p-p. AXns {]h\ aWvUew I-am-Wv.
tZlhpw {]-bpsS Hcw-Ks ]pjvSn-s-Sp- p-p.
AXns hnj-b-n-\-\p-cq-]-am-bn-p-Xv kpJ-Zpx-J--fmWv. D]-hpw {]-bpsS Hcw-Ks ]cn-]p-jvS-am-pp. AXns _mly-hn-j-b- cXnbpw km-t\m-ev]mZ-\h
- p-amWv. Imep-Ifpw {]-bpsS cwKs ]q-amp-p. AXns _mly-hn-jbw \S-p-Ibpw k-cn-pI-bp-am-Wv. {]-bpsS Hcw-Ks {] Xs ]qam-pp. AXns _mly-h n-j -b- _pn-ap-tJ\
A\p-`-hn-m Ign hkvXp-fpw a\p-jys Hmtcm
B{K-l--fp-am-Ip-p.

6. {]bm hmNw kam-cply hmNm khmWn

\mam-\ ym-] vt\m-X n. {]bm {]Ww kam-c q]y
{]mtW\ khm Km B]vt\m-Xn. {]bm
Npx kam-cply Npjm khmWn cq]mWn
B ]v t \ m- X n. {] bm t{im{Xw kam- c ply
t{imt{XW k hm i _v Z m B ]v t \m- X n.
{]bm Pnlzmw kam-cp]y Pnlzbm lnkhm
A-c-km B]vt\m-Xn. {]bm lkvXu kamcply lkvXm`ymw khmWn IamWn B]vt\mXn. {]bm icocw kam-cply ico-tcW kpJ
ZpxtJ B]vt\m-Xn. {]bm D]w kam-cply

107

I D]-t\ B\w cXnw {]PmZnw B]vt\m-Xn.

{]m t]Xm lkvXu In\ {]m ]tb\

{]bm ]mZu kam-c ply ]mZm`ymw khm- \m a\y-{Xta at\m `qZn-Xym-l. \ml-ta-XXv I
CXym B]vt\m-Xn. {]-ssb-h[
- nbw kam-cply {]m- k n- j - a nXn \ln {]m- t]Xw icocw
{]-ssbh [ntbm hnm-Xhyw Imam-\m-]vt\m- kpJw ZpxJw In\ {]m-] tb Z\y{X ta
Xn.
at\m `qZnXym l. \ml taXXv kpJ- Z pxtJ
{]m-kn-j -a n-Xn. \ ln {]m-t]Xu ]mZma\p-jy hmv hiw hZ-amn {]-ap-tJ\ XshnXym Im\ {]m-]t- b-Xm-a-\y{X ta at\m
bmWv \ma-sf {Kln-p-- X.v {]- ap-tJ\ Xs-bmWv
`qZn-X ym-l . \ml-ta-X m-anXmw {]m-k n-j -a n-Xn.
{]mW-\n A[n-Imcw sNepn Fm-hn-[-n-ep-ap
\ln {]m-t]-X[ox ImN\ knty {]mK--sfbpw {Kl-p--Xv. {] aptJ\ XsbmWv
Xhyw {]m-b-tX.
t{im{X- i_vZ-sf {Kln-p--Xv. As\ {ihW
{Inb kw`-hn-p-p. {] aptJ\ Xs-bmWv \mv
A-ckw {Klnv hn`n {]Im-c-n-ep kzmZv Adnbp--Xv. ssII hnhn[ I-mbn {]hn-pXpw {Inbm-io-e-am- Ip-Xpw {] aptJ-\-bm-Wv. icocw
hnhn-[--fmb kpJ ZpxJ--f-\p-`-hn-p-Xpw {]bm Xs. D]w t`mKm--I-amb {]P-\\
- -{Inb sNpXpw {]-bm Xs. Imep-I Ka-\m-Ka
- \ I sNp- Xpw {]-b m Xs. {]-bm
{]-bn A[n-Imcw m]n-mWv a\p-jy ]e hn[n-ep B{K-l
- km[n-p--Xv.

7. \ln {] m- t ]Xm hmMv \ ma In \

{] m- ] - t bXv A\y{X ta at\m A]- ` q- Z nXyml\ml- t a- X - ma {]m- k n- j -a n-X n. \ln
{]m-\m-t]Xx {]mtWm Kw I\ {]m]tb Z\y{X ta at\m `qZnXym l \ml-taXw
Kw {]m knj anXn. \ln {]m t]Xw
Np-cq]w In\ {]m-]tb Z\y-{X. ta at\m
`qZnXym-l. \ml-ta-XZv cq]w {]mkn j anXn.
\ln {]m t]Xw Np-cq]w In\ {]m]tb Z\y-{X. ta at\m `qZn Xyml. \ml-ta-XZv
cq]w {]mkn j anXn. \ {] m- t ]Xw
t{im{Xw i_vZw I\ {]m ]tb-Z\
- y{X ta
at\m-`q-Zn-Xyml \ml-taXw i_vZw {]m knj
anXn. \ln {]m t]Xm Pnlzm A ckw
I\ {]m-]tb Z\y{X ta at\m`qZnXym-l.
\ml- t aXw A- c kw {] m- k n- j - a n- X n, \
{]m t]Xm lkvXu In\ {]m ]tb\
\m a\y-{Xta at\m `qZn- X ym- l \mltaX- ma
{]m-kn-j-an-Xn. \ln {]m-\m-t]Xx {]mtWm
Kw I\ {]m- ] tb Z\y{X ta at\m
`qZnXym l \ml-taXw Kw {]m knj anXn.
\ln {]m t]Xw Np-cq]w In\ {]m]tb Z\y-{X. ta at\m `qZnXym-l. \ml-ta-X Zv
cq]w {]mkn j anXn. \ {] m- t ]Xw
t{im{Xw i_vZ w I\ {]m-]-tb-Z-\y{X ta
at\m-`q-Zn-Xyml \ml-taXw i_vZw {]m knj
anXn. \ln {]m t]Xm Pnlzm A ckw
I\ {]m-]tb Z\y{X ta at\m `qZnXyml. \ml-taXw A-ckw {]m-knj anXn, \

{]-tbmSp IqSm--Xm-sW-n Hcp hmpw Hcp

\ma-n-sbpw t_m[w Df-hm-p-Ib
- n-. Cu Ah-bn Fs a\v C `mK-m-bn-cp-p. "F\nv B
Imcyw a\-n-em-m Ign-n' Fsmw ]d-bp-tm
{]m- lo-\-amb C{nb {]h-\-sa- n Imcy- t_m[w
Dm-hp-n-. {]m-lo- \-amb C{nb {]h-\-sa- n
Imcy-t_m[w Dm-hp-n-. {]m-lo-\-amb t\{X-n\v
cq]w I-dn-bm km[y-a-. {]m lo\-amb t{im{Xw
bmsXmcp i_vZs
- bpw tIm i-a
- . {]m
lo\-amb \mhn\v A ckm-kzm-Z\w km[y-a-. {]bn-m ]w ssIIv Hcp {]hr-n-sb--n-bp-ap
m\w e`n-n-. {]m-lo-\-amb tZlw Hcp hn[n-ep kpJ-Zpx-J-fpw Adn-bp-I-bn-. {]m-lo-\amb D]w {]P-\\
- {- Inbm ka-a-. {]m-c-ln-Xamb ]mZ-v t]mImt\m ]cmt\m Hpw th hn[n km[y-a-. _un-I -amb bmsXmcp Imcyhpw
{]-bn-s-n th-hn[w \S-p-I-bn-.

8. \ Nmbw hnPnm koX hmcw hnZym. \

Kw hnPn- m- k oX cq]- h nZym hnZym- X v . \
i_vZw hnPn-m-koX Imcw hnZym kpJ
ZpxtJ hnPn-m-koX kpJ-Zpx-Jt- bm hnPn-mXmcw hnZym-Xv. \m\w cXow \ {]PmXow hnPnm-koX B\-ky ctXx {]Pm tX hnmXmcw hnZym-Xv. t\Xymw hnPn-mko ssXXmcw
hnZym-X v. Xm hm GXm-Z -ssih `qX-a m{Xm A[n]w Zi {]m-am{Xm A[n `qXw. bn `qXam- { Xm- \ - k yp \ {]m am{Xm kyq bZzm
{]m am{Xm \ kyp \`qX am{Xm kypx
hmv Adn-bp-X
- p-sIm-p-am{Xw Hcp {]tbm-P-\h
- p-an. hmns\ t{]cn-n-p Bm-hns\ a\-n-em-Ww. Ks am{Xw Adn-bm {ian--Xp-sIm-m-bn-.
Ks {Kln- p Bm-h ns\ Adn-b-Ww. cq]w
am{Xw Adn-bp-hm-\p {kaw shdp-sX-bm- W.v cq]--\mb
Bm-hn-s\-bmWv Adn-tb--Xv. i_vZw Adn-bm am{Xw
{ian--Xp-sIm-m-bn-. i_vZw {ihn-p Bm-hns\
Adn-tb-X
- p-v. A-ck
- -s-
- n-bp m\w e`np-sa B{Klw shdp-sX-bm-Wv. AXm-Xns Imhmb Bm-hns\ Adn-tb--Xp-.v kpJ ZpxJ-s-n
Adn-bp--h\pw A\p-`-hn-p--h\
- p-amb Bm-h n-s \-

108

I bmWv a\-n-em-t--X.v {]P-\\ Ihpw AXns B\hpw Adn-X

- p-sIm-p-am-{X-am-bn-. {]tPm-ev]-n-sbn Adn-hp Bm-hns\ a\-n-em--Ww. Kam-\K
- a\ {Inb-I-sf-n am{Xw Adn-X
- p-sIm-m-bn-. Kam-\K-a\
-
- v kmn-bm-bn-cn-p Bm-hns\ a\-nem--Ww. a\-n-s\-n Adn-m am{Xw t]mcm a\\
ioe-amb Bm-hns\ Adn-b-Ww. {]-bn nXnsN-p \mamZn hnj-b- Cu ]p `qX-am-{X-Ifpw
`qX--fn nXn-sN-p hmv apX-emb C{n-b-
Dsmp ]v {]m am{X-I-fp-am-Ip-p. `qX-am{X-I-fn-s-n {]m-am-{X-I-fpsS AnXzw km[y-a
- .
Ch cn Hn-s\bpw X\nsb Xs GsX- nepw
hnjb hntij knnv ka-ambn Icp-Xm ]mSn-.
AXp-sIm-v, `qX-am-{X-Ifpw {]m-am-{X-Ifpw Bh-iyam-Ip-p.

9. \ln A\y-X-ctXm cq]w In\ knty-Xv,

t\m GX- m- \ m, XZy- Y m- c - Y - k ym- t cjp t\an
cntXm \m`m-hcm An-Xm. Gh-ta-ssh-Xmx-`qX-am{Xmx {]m-a m-{X-k znXm {]m-am-{Xmx{]mtW nXmx k Gj {]mW Gh {]mm-\m-\t Ptcm arXw \ km[p\m IaWm
`qbmtm Ghm km[p\m I\o-bm. Gjtly
ssh\w km[p Ia Imc-bXn Xw b tat`ym temtI
`yx Dn-\o-jX Gj D Gssh\ a km[p Ia
Imc-bXn Xta-t`ym-tem-tI`yx Dn-\o-jk
- t- X. Gj
temI-]mex Gj temIm-[n-]Xn tcY kthix k
a BtXn hnZymXv k a BtXn hnZym-Xv. CXn
XrXo-tbm-ymbx
bYm-n {]m-am-{X-bp-sSbpw `qX-am-{X-bpsSbpw kzcq-]-n am-an-. cY-t\an Ac--fnepw Ac cY-\ m-` n- b nepw kam-{i-b n- n-cn- p- -X p-t ]mse
`qX {]m-am-{X-I-fnepw {]m-am-{X-I {]mW\nepw nXn-sN-p-p. Cu {]mW AP-chpw Aa-chpw
kpJ-a-bhpw {]m-m-hp-am-Wv. Cu {]mW Da
I--fm Db {]m]n-p-Ibpw \oN-I--fm
Db {]m]n-p-Ibpw \oN-I--fm bw {]m]np-Ibpw sNp-n-. apI-fn-se-m B{K-ln-p a\pjy-s\-smv ip`-I- sNn-p-Xpw A[x-]X
- nm-\m-{K-ln-p--h-s\-smv ZpjvI- sNn-pXpw {]m-cq-]
- nepw {]mW-cq-]-nepw Cuiz-c
Xs-bm-Wv. Cu Bmhv kh-tem-I
- pw A[oi\pw temI kwc--I\pw kI-e-n\pw A[n-]-Xn-bpam-Ip-p. Cu KpW- tN {]mW Xs-bmWv
Bm-shv a\-n-em-p-I.

\memw A[ymbw
1. AY KmtKym l ssh _mem Inc-\q-Nn\x
kwkv]rjv S Bk. tkm hZZp-io-\-tcjp kh-

k atyjp Ipcp ]mm-tejp Imio-h n-tZtljp CX k l APmX i{Xpx Imiy taXy

Dhm- N . {_tX {_hm- W oXn Xw tlmhmN
APmX i{Xpx kl{kw XZva kvX CtXy-Xkymw
hmNn P\tIm P\I CXn hm D P\m [mh-o-Xn.

K-hw-i-n ]nd KmKy Fsmcp {_-W

Dm-bn. At-l-ns ]nXm-hns t]cv _emI Fmbn-cp-p. thZw \-hw A`y-kn--h-\m-Wv. IqSmsX thZsf A[n-I-cnv {]h-N-\-fpw \S-n-bn-cp-p. As\
Ion t\Snb Dio-\c
- -tZ-k-hm-kn-bm-bn-cpp At-lw.
Xs hk-Xn-bn Xs nc-ambn Xma-kn-msX ]etZ-ipw ]cy-S\w \S-n. As\ Nne Znhkw Iminbnepw Nne Znhkw Ipcp-t-{X-nepw ]ns ]mme
tZi-nepw Nne-tm ay-tZ-i - nepw Nne-tm
anYnem cmPypw Xma-kn-p. Hcp Znhkw Atlw Imiocm-Pm-hmb APmX i{Xp-hn-t\mSn KmKy Al-m-ctmsS ]d-p. "Rm \nv {_- m-t\m- ]- tZiw
sNmw.' AXp-t Iv cmPmhv ]dp: "{_, Cu
Ir]bvv Rm Abvv Bbncw ]ip- sf Xcmw. Cmev B {]P-I P\-I P\-I Fp ]d-p-sImv
P\-Is ASp-tbvv HmSn-s-p-I-bm-Wv.

2. ktlm hmN _emInx b Gsshj BZntXy

]pcpj- k vX -ta-h m- l -a p-] mk CX. Xw tlmhmN
APm-X-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan kwhm-Zb
- njvTmx
_rlXv ]m-c - h mkm AXnjvT x kthjmw
`qXm\mw aqt[Xn hm Al-t a- X - a p-] mk CXn
k tbm s s l X tah ap ] mk vtX X nj v T mx
kthjmw `qXm \mw aq[m `hXn
B KmKy ]d-p kqcy-a--e
- n hncm-Pnp Cuiz-cs
- \-bmWv Rm {_m-_p-[ym-km-[\w
sNp-Xv? APm-X-i{Xp ]d-p Av Cu hnj-b-sn Hpw ]d-b-cpXv B ip`-hk
- v{X-[m-cn-bmWv Ghpw
henb alm. AXv Fm-n-s\bpw AXn-{I-anv Fmn\pw apI-fn \ne-sIm-p-p. AXp Xs Fm-nsbpw inc-v. Rm AXns\ AtX-{]-Imcw D]m-kn-pp. kqcy-a-WvU-eh
- n-bmb B ]pcp-js\ Cs\
D]m-kn-p a\p-jy Fm-n-s\bpw ISv Ghpw
Db m\-s-p-p. Ah kh-Po-hn-If
- p-sSbpw
incv t]mse `hn-p-p.

3. k tlmhmN _memInx b Gsshj N{akn ]pcp- j - Y - k v X - t a- h mlw D]mk CXn Xw

tlmhmNm PmX-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan kwhm-ZbnjvT mx tkmtam-c mPm A-k y. BtXn hm
Al-ta-X-ap-]mtk CXn k tbm tah-ap-] m-ktX
Aky Bm `hXn
KmKy ]d-p. Rm N{-a-WU
v -e-n {]Xn-jvTnn--s-n-cn-p A-cym-an-bmb Cuiz-cs\bmWv D]mkn-p-X
- v. AXp Xs {_w AXp-tIv APm-X-i{Xp

109

I ]d-p ""Av Am-cysn Hpw ]d-b-cp-Xv. Cu

N{ kI-e-n\pw cmPm-hm-Wv. A- ns {]mW-\mb
AXns\ Rm CtX-hn[w D]m-kn-p-p. N{a--en {]Xn-j vTn--s -n-cn-p ]pcp-js\ {_-cq-]n D]m-kn-p a\p-jy Xo-bmbpw A-ns
Bm-hmbn `hn-p-p.

4. ktlm- h mN _memI nx tbm Gs shj

hnZypXn ]pcpjx GXta hmlw {_tm-]mk CXn
Xw tlmhmN APm-X-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan kahm-Z -bnjvT mx tXP-k ym- tXn hml-ta-X -a p-] mk
CX k tbm sslX-ta-h-ap-]mkvtX tXPkx Bm`hXn
KmKy ]d-p hnZyp--WvU-e-n AK-Xambn A-cm-an-bm-bn-cn-p {_s Rm D]m-knp-p. AXp-tIv APm-X-i{Xp ]d-p. Av CXn-s\n Hpw ]d-b-. Rm tXP-ns Bm-shp IcpXn-bmWv CXns\ D]m-kn-p--Xv. hnZyp--e
- -n
{]Xn-jvTn-Xa
- m-bn-cn-p {_s Cu \ne-bn D]mkn-p--h tXP-ns Bm-hm-bn-o-cpw.

5. ktlm-hmN _memInx b Gsshj kvX\bn\vXu ]pcp-j-kvXt- ahm l ap]mk CXn XwtlmhmN APm-X - i {Xpx am am GX-k va n kwhm-Z bnjvTm i_vZ-kym-tXn hm Al-ta-X-ap-]mk CXn
k tbm sslX-ta-hm-ap]m kvtX i_vZ-kymm
`hXn
XpSv KmKy ]d-p taL-a
e
- -n {]XnjvTn--s-n-cn-p A-cym-an-bmb Cuiz-cs\ Rm
{_-sap IcpXn D]m-kn-p-p. APm-X-i{Xp ]d-p-Av AXn-s\-n Hpw ]d-b-cp-Xv. Rm AXns\
i_vZ
- ns Bmhv Fp Icp-Xn-bmWv D]m-kn-p- X v . As\ taL-a - -e - n nXn- s N- p
{_s i_vZ
- ns Bm-hm-sWp IcpXn D]mkn-p-h
- i_vZ
- ns Bm-hmbn `hn-p-p.

6. ktlm-hmN _mem-Inxb Gsshj BIm-ti]p- c p-j - k vX -t a-h m- l -a p-] mk CXn Xw tlmhmN

APm-X-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan kwhm-Zb
- njvTmx
]qW-a-{]-hrn {_tXn hm Al-ta-Xa
- p-]mk
CXn k tbm sslX- t a- h - a p- ] mkvt X ]qcytX
{]Pbm ]ip`nx t\m Gh kzbw \mky {]Pm-]pcm
ImemXv {]h-tX.
A\-cw KmKy ]d-p BIm-ia
-
e
- -n
nXn-sN-p A-cym-an-bmb ]pcp-js\ Rm {_cq-]-n D]m-kn-p-p. Atm APm-X-i{Xp ]d-p-Av AXn-s\-n Hpw ]d-b-. CXv {]hr-n-iq\yhpw {_-hp-am-Wv. B \ne-bn Rm\-Xns\ D]m-knp- p. BIm- i - a - - e - n nXn- s N- p B
{_s Cu `mh-\-tbmsS D]m-kn-p hyn km-

\--fmepw arK--fmepw k--\m-Ip-p. Ahs km\- AIm-e-ar-Xyp-hn\v Cc-bm-In-.

7. ktlm-hmN _memInx b Gsshj hmbu]p- c p-j - k vX -t a-h m- l -a p-] mk CXn Xw tlmhmN

i{Xp am am GX-kva n kwhm-Z-bnjv T m Ct{m
sshIpWvTx A]-cm-Pn-X m-tk-t\Xn hm Al-taX
ap]mk CXn k tbm sslX- t a- h - a p- ] mkv t X
PnjvW pl-hm-] -cm-Pn-jv Wp-c-\p-kvXym-Pmb `hXn
XpSv KmKy ]d-p hmbp aWvU-e-n
nXn-sN-p A-cym- an- bmb ]pcp-js\ Rm {_s\
\ne-bn D]m-kn-p-p. Atm APm-X-i{Xp ]d-p
Av CXn-s\-n Hpw ]d-b-cp-Xv. CXv C{-\m-Wv. CXp
Xs sshIp-WT
v w. CXp Xs Hcn-epw tXmm
hoc-tk-\. Rm AXns\ CtX \ne-bn D]m-kn-pp. AXns\ Cs\ D]m-kn-p hyn Hcn-epw
]cm-P- b-s-Sp-n-. Ah kZm-i-{Xp-hn hnPbw t\Sp-p.

8. k tlmhmN _mem-Inxb Gsshj Au

]pcp,-kvX-ta-hm-la
- p-]mk CXn Xw tlmhmN APmX-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan ka-hm-Z-bnjvTm hnjmk-ln-cnXn hm Al-ta-X-ap-]mk CXn ktbm-sslX-ta-h-ap-]mkvtX hnjm-k-lnhm Gj `hXn
]ns KmKy ]d-p An a-e-n nXnsN-p A-cym-an-bmb ]pcp-js\ Rm {_-sa
\ne-bn D]m-kn-p-p. Atm APm-X-i{Xp ]d-p.
Av Cu hnj-b-s-n Hpw ]d-b-. CXv hnjm-kln-bmWv Rm AXns\ AtX `mh-n D]m-knp-p.
An a-e
- n nXn-sN-p ]pcp-js\ Cu
`mh-n D]m-kn-p--h A\y-cpsS B{I-aWw sNdpm ka-\m-Ip-p.

9. k tlmhmN _memInx bx Gssh-j-a]vkp

]pcp-j - k vX - ta-h m-l -a p-] mk CXn Xw tlmhmN
APm-X-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan kwhm-Zb
- njvTmx
\mav \ m AtXn hm Al- t a- X p- a p- ] mk CXn
tbmssl-X - ta-h -a p-] mkvtX \mav\ Bm-`-h Xn
CXn A[n-ssZ-hXw AYm [ymw
XpSv KmKy ]d-p. Rm Pe-n nXnsN-p A-cym-an-bmb ]pcp-js\ {_-sa \ne-bn
D]m-kn-p-p. APm-Xi
- {Xp ]d-p. Av CXn-s\-n
Hpw ]d-b-cp-Xv. CXv \ma-[m-cn-I-fmb Pohn-I-fpsS BmhmWv Fp a\-n-emn Rm D]m-kn-p-p. Cs\
D]m-kn-p--h \ma-[m-cn-I-fmb Pohn-I-fpsS Bm-hmbn- o-cp- p. C{Xbpw A[n-ssZ-hn-Ia
- mb D]m-k -\sb
kw_-n-X
- .v C\n B[ym-n-tIm-]m-k-\s
- b-n ]d-bmw.

10. k tl mhmN _memInx b G ss hj

BZti ]pcp-j -kvXt- ahm l ap]mk CXn Xw
tlmhmN APm-X-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan kwhm-

110

I Z-bnjvTm {]Xn-cq] CXn hm Al-ta-X-ap-]mk CXn

k tbm s sl X- t a- h - a p- ] mk v t X {]X n- c qt]m
sslhmky {]Pm-bm-am-Pm-btX \m{]-Xn-cq]x
XpSv KmKy ]d-p Z-W
- nXn-sNp Cu ]pcp-js\ Rm {_-sa \ne-bn D]mkn-p-p. Atm APm-Xi
- {Xp ]d-p Av CXns\-n Hpw ]d-tb-. Rm CXns\ {]Xn-cq-]`- m-th\
D]m-kn-p-p. Z-W
- n nXn-sN-pp ]pcp-js\
Cu `mh-\t- bmsS D]m-kn-ph {]Xn-cq-]K
- p-hm-\m-bno-cp Ahs km-\- Ahv Xpey-cm-Ip-p.

11. ktlm-hmN _memInx b Gsshj {]Xn{ip-XvImbmw ]pcp-j-kvXt- a-hm-l-ap-]mk CXn Xw

tlmhmN APm-X-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan kwhmZ-bnjvTm ZzoXn tbm\-]K CXn hm Al-ta-Xa
- p-]mk
CXn k tbm sslX-ta-\a
- p-]mkvtX hntX AZznXo-b-hm `hXn
]nsbpw KmKy ]d-p Rm {]Xn-[z\n \nlnX-\m-bn-cn-p ]pcp-js\ {_-sap IcpXn D]m-knp-p. CXp-tIv AXm-P-i{Xp ]dp Av CXn-s\n Hpw ]d-tb-. Rm AXns\ ZznXo-b-sbpw A\p]-Ks
- bpw IcpXn D]m-kn-p-p. [z\n-bn nXn-sNp ]pcp-js\ Cu `mh-\-tbmSp IqSn D]m-kn-p a\pjy AZzn-Xo-b-\mbn `hn-p-p.

12. k tlmhmN _memInx b Gsshj i_vZx

]pcp-j-a-t\zXn Xta-hm-l-ap-]mk CXn Xw tlmhmN
APm-X-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan kw hmZ bnjvTmx
Akp- c nXn hm Al- t a- X - a p- ] mk CXn- k tbm
sslX-ap-]mkvtX t\m Gh kzbw \mky {]Pm]p-cm-Im-emXv kwtam-l-taXn
]ns KmKy ]d-p Ka-\-io-e-\mb hynbpsS
]pdsI [z\n-tbmSp IqSn ]mZ-[z\n tIp-p. AXnep {_-s-bmWv Rm D]m-kn-p--Xv. Atm
APm-Xi
- {Xp ]d-p Av CXns\ kw_-nv Hpw
]d-b-cp-Xv. Rm AXns\ {]mW-cq-]-n-emWv D]m-knp--X.v Atm AXns\ A{]-Imcw D]m-kn-p a\pjy ]qm-bp-p--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ahs km\-fpw ]qm-bp-n-se-msX arXn-b-S-bp-n-.

13. ktlm-hmN _memInx b Gsshj Ombm

]pcpj k Xta-hm-la
- p-]mk CXn Xw tlmhmN
APm-X-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan kwhm-Z-bnjvT m
arXyp-c nXn hm Al-ta-X -a p-] mk CXn k tbm
sslX- ta-h -a p-] mkvtX t\m Gh kzbw \mky
{]Pm-]p-cm-Im- emXv {]ao-btX
XpSv KmKy ]dp Hcp hyn-tbm-sSmw
ImWp Ahs Ombsb AXm-bXv Ombm-]p-cp-js\
Rm {_-cq-]
- n D]m-kn-p-p. Atm APm-X-

i{Xp ]d-p. Av Cu hnj-b-s-n Hpw ]d-b-cpXv. Cu Omb arXyp-cq-]n-bm-Wv. Rm AXns\ CtX `mh\-tbmsS D]m-kn-p-p. AXns\ Cu cq]-n D]m-knp-h
- AIm-eN
- c
- -a
- n\v ]m{X-am-Ip-n-. Ahs
km-\-pw AIm-eN
- -caw Dm-hn.

14. k tlmhmN _memInx b Gsshj icocx

]pcp-j -kvX-t a-h ml ap]mk CXn Xw tlmhmN
APm-X-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan kwhm-Z-bnjvT m
{]Pm- ] - X n- c nXn hm Al- t a- X - a p- ] mk CXn k
tbmssl-Xa
- p-]mkvtX {]Pm-btX {]Pbm ]ip`nx
A\-cw KmKy ]d-p ]pcp-j-i-co-c-n D
]pcp-js\ Rm {_-s ap IcpXn D]m-kn-p- p.
Atm APm-Xi
- {Xp ]d-p Av Cu hnj-b-sn Hpw ]d-b-. CXv {]Pm-]-Xn-bmWv Rm CXns\
CtX cq]-n-emWv D]m-kn-p--X.v ico-c-n \nh-knp ]pcp-js\ {]Pm-]Xn F `mth\ D]m-kn-p-h km-\--fmepw arK--fmepw karn t\Sp-p.

15. ktlm-hmN _memInx b Gsshj {]m

Bm tb\ GXXv ]pcpjx kp]vXx kz]v\-bm-NcXn Xtahm lap-]mk CXn Xw tlmhmN APmX-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan kwhm-Z-bnjvTm btamcm-tPXn hm Al-ta-X-ap-]mk CXn k tbm sslXap- ] mkv t X khw {]Pm- b tX lmkv a m CZw
t{ijvTymb baytX
]ns KmKy ]d-p {]-hm\pw {]mW-cq-]nbp-amb Bm-hn-t\mSv kwbp-\
- mb ]pcp-j kpjp]vXm-h
-bn kz]v\a
- m-n IqSn k-cn-p-p.
Rm AXn-s\--s-bmWv {_-sap IcpXn D]m-knp--X.v CXp-tIv APm-X-i{Xp ]d-p Av AXns\
kw_-nv Hpw ]d-b-cp-Xv. Rm CXns\ ba-cq-]-nemWv D]m-kn-p--Xv. AXns\ C{]-Imcw D]m-kn-p
a\p- jys\ t{ijvT-\mbn IcpXn am\n- m Fm temIhpw
Ahs apn \a-kvI-cn-p-p.

16. ktlm-hmN _memInx bx Gsshj ZntW- ]pcp-jkvX tahmlw D]mk CXn Xw

tlmhmN APm-X-i{Xp am am GX-kvan kwhm-ZbnjvT m \mav\ Bm At-c mm tPymXnj
Bt- X nhm Al- t a- X - a p- ] mk CXn k tbm
sslX-tah ap]mkvtX GtXjmw kth-jm-amm
`hXn
A\-cw KmKy ]d-p Rm Cu he-Xp-I-n
nXn-sN-p ]pcp-js\ {_-sa \ne-bn D]m-knp-p. CXp-tIv APm-X-i{Xp ]d-p Av Cu hnjbs kw_-nv Hpw ]d-b-cp-X.v Rm CXns\ \maw
An tPymXnv Fn-hsb Bm-shp Icp-Xn-bmWv
D]m-kn-p--Xv. AXns\ B \ne-bn D]m-kn-p
hyn Fm-n-sbpw B-cq-]a
- mbn Xocp-p.

111

17. k tl mhmN _memInx b G ss hj

kthy ]pcp-j-kvtXta hml-ap-] mk CXn
Xw tlmhmN APm-X -i {Xpx am am GX-k v a n
kwhm- Z - b njv T mx kXy- k ymm hnZyp- X - B m
tXPk BtXn hm Al-ta-X-ap-]mk CXn k
tbm sslX-tah ap]mkvtX GtXjmw kthjm
amm `hXn
KmKy hopw ]d-p Cu CSXp In nXnsN-p ]pcp-js\ {_-cq-]
- n Rm D]m-kn-pp. AXp-tIv APm-X-i{Xp ]d-p Av Cu hnj-bs-n kwkm-cn-t-. CXv kXy-n-sbpw tXP-nsbpw hnZyp-n-sbpw Bm-hm-Wv. AXns\ Rm
AtX amXr-I-bn D]m-kn-p-p. Cs\ D]m-kn-p
a\p-jy Fm-hc
- p-sSbpw Bm-hm-bn-o-cp-p.

18. XX Dl _memInx Xpjv W o- a mk Xw

tlmhm N APm-X-i{Xp GXm-]p _memIm Cu
CtXy XmhXv [oXn tlmhmN _memInx Xw
tlmhmN APm-X-i{Xpx arjm ssh Ine am kwhmZ-bnjvTm {_ tX {_hm-WoXn k tlmhmN tbm
ssh_m- e mI GtXjmw ]pcp- j mWmw Im
bky ssh kvXXv Ia k ssh thZn-Xhy CXn
XX Dl _memInx kanXv ]mWnx {]Xn-N{Iw D]mbm-\oXn Xw tlmhmN APm-X-i{Xpx {]Xn-tema
cq]-ta-hh XXv kymXv {Xntbm {_m-W-ap-]\-tbXv Gln thyh Xzm m]-bn-jym-aoXn Xw
l ]mWm-hm-`n-]Zy {]h-{hmP Xu l kp]vXw ]pcpj- a m- P - - X pkv X w l APm- X - i - { Xp-c m- a - { bmw
Nt{I-_r-l _m-c-hmkx tkma-cm-P
- nXn k
D l XpjvWo-tah intiy XX Dssl\w bjvSymhnNn t] k XX Gh kap-u Xw tlm
hmN APm-X-i{Xpx ssIzj GX-Zv_m-emtI ]pcptjmibnjvS Iz GXXv A`qXv IpX GX ZmKm
CXn XX D l _memIn \ hnPt
AsX-p-Sv KmKy bmsXmpw ]d-n-. AXpIv APm-Xi
- {Xp ]d-p A-bpsS {_-m\w
C{Xtb Dtm? KmKy ]d- p C{Xtb Dq.
Atm APm-Xi
- {Xp ]d-p B \ne-bn Av
{_tm-]-tZiw Xcm-sap ]d-Xv shdp- sX-bm-bn. Ap
]d Cu Fm hyn-I-fp-sSbpw Im-hn-s\-bmWv
Adn-tb--X.v AXv tI-Xn-s\-p-Sv KmKy kan-X]
v mWn-bmbn Pnm-k-tbmsS APm-X-i{- Xp-hns\ kao-]nv
Cs\ ]d-p Asb Kpcp-hmbn kzoI-cn-m-\mWv
Rm h-Xv. AXp-tIv cmPmhv ]d-p. {Xn-b
{_m-Ws\ injy-\mbn kzoI-cn-p-Xv temIm-Nm-c-hncp--amWv AXn-\m Av Fs IqsS hcp-I. Rm
Abvv {_-m\w ssIh-cp-n--cmw. AXn-s\p-Sv cmPmhv KmKys ssIbvp ]nSnv Ipsd \Sv
Dd-p Hcp hyn-bpsS hon sNv Abmsf hnfn-

p. tl, cmPm-hmb tkma, tl _rl, tl ip{`-h-kv{X[mco Cs\ At\Iw {]mhiyw hnfn-npw B hyn
DWn-. AXn-\p-tijw cmPmhv Ahs ta Nqc
sImv \ ASn sImSp-p. ASn-sIm DS Xs B
a\p-jy DWs-gp-t-p. Atm APm-X-i{Xp KmKyt\mSv ]d-p Cu ]pcp-j ssNX-\y-lo-\\
- mbn FhnsS-bmWv Dd-n-sm-n-cp-Xv? GXv tZi-mWv Dd-nsm-n-cp-Xv? Ctm DWv Fhn-sS-\npw hn-cnpp?

19. Xw tlmhmN APm-X-i{Xpx bss{Xj GXZv

_memtI ]pcptjm Ai-bnjvS bss{X-XZ- `- q-ZyX
GX-Zm-Km-ZnXn lnXm \ma lrZ-bky \mtUym lrZbmXv ]pco-X-X-a-`n-{h-X-\zn XZv bYm kl-{k[m
tItim hn]m-SnX kvXmh-ZWzx ]nwK-eky AWnav \ m- X n- j v T n ipky Irjv W ky ]oXky
temln-X-tkyXn Xmkp XZm `hXn bZm kp]vXx
kz]v\w \ IwN\ ]iyXn AY Akvan {]mW
Gssh-IYm `hXn XssZ\w hmIv ksshx \ma`nx
klm-t]yXn Npx ksshx cqss]x klm-t]yXn
t{im{Xw ksshx i_vs sZx klm-thyXn a\x
ksshx [ymss\x klm-thyXn k bZm {]Xn-_p[ytX bYm AtPz-eX khm Zntim hnkv^penwKm hn{]- X n-j vtT-c -s s-h -tah Xkva m-Z m- \
{]mWm bYm-b-X\w hn{]-Xn-jvTt {]mtW-t`ymtZhm tZtht`ym temImx XZyYm pc pc [mtc
h lnXx kymXv hnizw-`tcm hm hnizw-`c
- -Ip-emb
Gh tasshj {]m BtZw ico-c-am-m-\-a\p-{]-hnjvS Btem-a`yx B\-tJ`yx
KmKy B tNmZy-v Dcw ]d-bm i-\mbn-. Atlw Cu cl-ky-a-dn-bm Ai-\
- m-bn-cp-p.
Atm APm-Xi
- {Xp hopw ]dp Ch Fhn-sSbmWv Dd-n-sm-n-cn-p--sXpw Fhn-sS-bmWv InSn-cp--sXpw FhnsS \npw DWp-shpw m\ta-sXpw Rm ]d-p-X-cmw. lrZ-b-Ia
- e
- s kw_n-p lnX Fp t]cp At\Iw \mUn-I Dv.
Ah lrZ-b-n \npw ]pd-sv icocw apgp-h hym]nn-cn-p-p. Ah-bpsS henw Hcp Xe-apSn \mcns Aw
Bbncambn Awin-m-ep--Xnepw kqva-am-W.v B \mUnI ]e-hn-[-n-ep kqvak
- m-c-m ]cn-]q-amWv. Ah-bn shfp-v, a, Nph-v, Idpv Fo Fm
\nd-fpw Dv. Ddp Ah--bn hyn Cu \mUnI-fn ebn-n-cn-p-p. kpjp-]vXn-bpsS Ah-b
- nepw
a\p-jy kz]v\w ImWm-Xn-cn-p-tm {]mW-\n ebnn-cn-pw. Atm hmv AXns kh-\m-a
- klnXhpw t\{X- kh-cq-]
- kln-Xhpw sNhn khi-_vZ- kln-Xhpw a\v kh-Nn--\o-b-hn-j-b-
kln- Xhpw {]mW-\n Xs-bmWv nXn-sN-p--X.v a\pjy DW-cp-tm In-sb-cn-bp Xobn \npw Fmbn-Spw Xosm-cn-I ]c-p--Xp-t]mse {]mW-\m-Ip

112

I Bm-hn \npw kth-{n-b-fpw Ah-b-h-bpsS

m\--fn-tebvv Kan-p-p. Atm Ah-bpsS A[njvTm- Xm- hmb An apX- emb tZh-X-I {]mW--fn\np
{]Xy--sv \mamZn kh hnj-b--sfbpw {]I-S-am-pp. pc-I Xs In Xs s]n-bn AS-p-sh-ncn-p--Xp-t]mse tZl-n nXn-sN-p lrZ-b-n
s]cp-hn-c hen--n ]pcp-jm-Ir-Xn-bn Cuiz-c \nhkn-p-p. Ac-Wn-bn An \nKqVw hkn-p-X
- pt]mse Cu ico-c-n Bm-hp \J-in-Jmw kh{X
A{]-Xy--cq-]-n \ne-sIm-p-p.

20. Xta- X -a m- m- \ - t a- X - a m- -t \m\z]iyn

bYm N t{ijvTn\w kzmx XZyYm t{ijvTo-kz`pMv
t bYm hm kzmx t{ijvTn\w `pRvPt- y-h-tasshj {]m-ssX-cm-`
- n `pMvt Ghw ssh
Xam-m-\t- aX Bm-t\m-`p-RvP-nk bmh-hm
C{ GX-am-m\w \ hnP-t-Xm-h-tZ-\a
- -kpcm
A `n- _ - ` p h p x k bZ m h nP t Y l X zm
kpcm hnPnXy kthjmw tZhm\mw ss{ijvTyw
kzcm-Pn-am-[n-]Xyw ]cn-bmb XtYm Gsshw hnZzm
k h m ] m] vat\ m A ] - l X y k th j mw
`qXm\mw ss{ijvTyw kzcm-Py-am-[n-]Xyw ]tcyXn

b Ghw thZ b Ghw thZ CXn Nptm [ymbx

hf-sc-tbsd KpW-ap Hcp [\-hms B{in-X

- m
Abmsf A\p-k -cn- p- -X p-t ]mse hmv apX-e mb
kth-{n-b - -f m-I p {]mW tZl- n nXn
sNp Bm-hns\ A\p-Ka
- n-p-p. Hcp-[-\n-I Xs
]cn-P-\--tfm-sSmw kpJ- A\p-`-hn-p-Ibpw ]cn-P\- B [\n-Is [\s A\p-`-hn-p-Ibpw sNptm Ah [\n-I-s\--s-bm-W-\p-`-hn-p--Xv. AXpt]mse Bmhv hmv apX-em-b-h-tbm-sSmw Ah-bpsS
{]h-\- A\p-`-hn-p-Ibpw AXp-t]mse hmp
apX-em-bh Bm-hns\ A\p-`-hn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. tZhcm-Pm-hmb C{ Bm-hns\ Adn-bp-Xp hsc ssZXym-cn \np ]cm-Pb
- -n-\n-c-bm-bn-cp-p. Fm
Bm-hns\ Adn-- tXmsS Atlw ssZXy-msc kwlcn- p- I bpw kz-c mPyw hos- S pv tZh- m- cn
t{ijvTXzw t\Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXp-t]mse Bm-hns\-n Adn-bp m\n Xs kh-]m-]
- fpw \innv kIe Pohn-I-fnepw t{ijvT-\mbn khm-[n-]-Xn-bmbn
`hn-p- p. Cs\ Adn-bphv apv kqNn-n
Fm ^e-fpw e`n-m-\n-S-bm-Ip-p.
Iujo-X{- Io-{_m-t- Wm-]-\n-jv Ah-km-\n-p.

ssXn-cotbm]-\n-jv

Cu D]-\n-jv IrjvW-b-Pq thZo-bs

- sX-o-cnb
imJbpsS AK-X -amb ssXo-cn-bm-c-Wy-I-ns
AwK-am-I p-p. ssXn-c o-b m-c-Wy-I-n\v ]-Zv[ ymfpv. Ah-bn Ggv, Fv, H]Xv Cu Aym-b-sf
ssXn-co-bp-]-\n-jv Fp ]d-bp-p.

Hmw imnx! imnx!! imnx!!!

imn- ] mTw

{]Yam\phmIw

Hmw iw t\m an{Xx iw hcpWx iw t\m `hXzcy amw iw \ Ct{m _rl-k v] Xnx iw t\m
hnjv W p-c pcp{Iax \tam {_lva m- tW. \akv tX
hmtbm. Xzta- h - { ]- X yw {_lv amkn. Xzmtah
{]Xyw {_ hZn-jym-an. EXw hZn-jym-an. kXyw
hZn-jym-an. Xm-h-Xp. XZz-m-c-a-h-Xp. AhXp amw.
AhXp hm-cw.

Hmw iw t\m an{Xx iw hcpWx iw t\m `h-Xzcy

amw iw \ Ct{m _rl-k]
v Xnx iw t\m hnjvWp-cpc p- { Iax \ tam {_ - t W. \ akvtX hmtbm.
Xzmtah{]Xyw {_lvam-kn. Xzmtah {]Xyw
{_lva hZn-jym-an. EXw hZn-jym-an. kXyw hZn-jyman. Xm-h-Xp. XZz-m-c-a-h-Xp. Ah-Xpamw AhXp
hm- cw. Hmw imnx! imnx!! imnx!!!

CXns Aw {]Y-am-\p-hm-I-n-BZyw sImSp-ncn- p- p.

inm- h n

113

Cu {]Y-am-\p-hm-I-n `n-`n in- I-fpsS A[njvTm-Xm-hmb ]c-{_lva ]c-ta-iz-cs\`n--fmb \ma-fnepw cq]--fnepw kvXpXn-p-s Imv At-l-tmSp
{]mn-ppx B[n-ssZ-hn-Ihpw Bym- n-Ihpw Bymn-Ihpw B[n-`u-Xn-I-hp-amb in-bpsS cq]-nepw
AtX- t]mse Ah-bpsS A[n-jvTm-Xm--fmb an{X, hcpW apX-emb tZh-X-If
- psS cq]-nepw bmsXmv AJne- n- t bpw Bmhv A- c ym- a n-b mb ]c- ta- i z- c \mbncnppthm Atlw Fm {]Im-c-nepw \app
Iym-W-a-b\
- m-bn-cn--tW. \psS D-Xn-bpsS am-fn bmsXmcp hn[-n-ep hnLv\ fpw kw`-hn-phm A\p-h-Zn-m-Xn-cn--tW. Fm-n- tbpw A-cyman-bmb B {_s \a-kv-cn-p-p.

Cu a{- n thtZm-m-c -W -ns \nb-a- sf

hn-p--Xn\p {]Xn sNbvXp-sImv Ah-bpsS
ktX am{Xsb Ipdn-p-p. Am-ev GsX-nepw
injy ]c-am-m-hns cl-ky-hn-Zy-bpsS Pnm-kp-hmbn-o-cp-I-bm-sW-n Ah Cu \nb-a-sf t\c-tXs ]q-ambpw {Kln-n-cn-p--h-\m-bn-cn--Ww. AXn\m Ahs\ {im-ep-hm-p--Xn\v AS-bmf {]I-S-\-
Xs Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-p. a\p-jyv Hmtcm hmp-If
- ptSbpw Dm-c-W-n {i-tbm-Sp-IqSn kwkm-cn-p--Xn\p A`ymkw knn-Ww Fp--XmWv Cu kt-X-fpsS `mhw Fp {]Xo-X-am-Ip-p. Fm euIn-I-i_vZ--fn \nb-a-sf ]men-p-hm Ign-bp-n-s-n
Ipd--]w thZ-a-{- -fpsS Dm-c-W-sa-nepw Ahiyw
in-W-a-\p-k-cn-m-bn-cn--Ww. I, J apX-emb hyRvP-\C{]-Imcw ]c-am-m-hn-t\mSp imn-mbn {]mn-nv
h--fnepw A, B apX-emb kzc-h-fpw kv]jvSkq{Xm-mhv {]mWs cq]-n ka-kvX-Po-hn-I-fnepw
am-bn-s D- cn- -Ww. Zy-amb "k' bpsS m\-n
hym]n-n-cn-p B ]c-ta-iz-cs\ hmbp-hns \ma-tmXme-hy-amb "i' AYhm "j' bpsS Dm-cWw \S-p-hm
Sp-IqSn kvXpXn-p-p. tlk-i-n-am\pw AJn-e-n]mSn-. "h' bpsS m\v "_' Fpw D-cn- p- hm ]mSntbpw {]mW-kz-cq-]\pw hmbp-a-b-\p-amb ]ctaizcm,
. C{]-Imcw Xs ap h--fpsS Dm-c-W-nepw
Asb \a-k
v -cn-p-p. ApXs Fm-{]m-Wn-I-fp{]tXy-Ia
- mb {i ]Xn-n-n-cn--Ww. CXp-t]m-seXs
tSbpw {]mW-kz-cq-]-amb {]Xy--{_ BIp-p. AXnkwkm-cn-p ka-bw, GXp-hs GXp m\v
\m Rm Asb {]Xy--{_--ns \ma-n
Fp `mhw {]I-Sn-n- p- - Xn\v D-kz-c-n D- cn-p-Xv
hnfnpw; "EX' \ma-nepw Rm\-sb kwt_m-[\
DNn-X-am-bn-cn-ptam GXns\ a[y-kz-c
- nepw GXns\
sNpw. Fp-sIm-s-m Fm {]mWn-I-tfbpw kw_\nav\-kz-c-nepw D-cn-p-Xv DNn-X-am-bn-cn-ptam
nv AXv awK-f-Im-cn-bmb \nb-a-am-Ip-p. As\-bp
AsXmw ]q-ambn {inv btYmNn-X-amb kzc-n
\nb-a-cq-]-amb EX-ns A[n-jvTm\w Ap X-bm-Wkwkm-cn--Ww. thZ-a-{--fpsS Dm-c-W-n DZm-tm. AXp-t]mse Rm Asb "kXy' a-t]-cnepw
-fmb kzc-sf {]tXyIw {in- p-Ibpw FhnsS GXpkwt_m-[\ sNpw. Fp-sIm- s- m kXy (b-Ymkzcw thWtam AXn- s\--n-bp bYm- m\w Dm`m-j-Ww) ns A[n-jT
v m\ tZh-Xbpw Ap-X-s-bmbn-cn-p-Ibpw sNt-Xpw Bhiyam-W.v Fp-sIm-sW-sm. k-hym- ]nbpw A-cym-an-bp-amb B ]c-ta-iz-c
m a{- -fn kzc-hy-Xymkw Dm-Ip--Xn\npw
F\np kZm-N-c-Whpw AXp-t]mse kXv `mj-Whpw kZv
Ah-bpsS Aw amdn-h-cpw. AXp-t]mse Aip--kz-chnZy {Kln-p--Xn-\p inbpw {]Zm\w sNbvXv Cu
sf D-cn-p--h\v A\n-jvS-Xsb kzoI-cn-t-- Xmbpw
P\-\a
- -c-Wc
- q-]-am-Ip kwkm-cN
- {- I-n \npw Fshcp-p. {lkzw, ZoLw, ]vfpXw C{]-Imcw am{X-I-fpsS
c-n--s. IqSm-sX, Fs BNm-cy\v Ch-sbmw D]-tZhyXymkw a\-n-emn btYm-NnXw Dm-cWw \S--Ww.
in-p-sIm-Spv Fm-bn-Spw B kXys {]N-cn-n-pFp-sIm-s- m {lkz-ns m\v ZoLhpw
-Xn-\p in {]Zm\w sNbvXv At-ls cn-ZoL- ns m\p {lkz-hp-amn D-cn-p--Xps. "ChnsS Fs cn-s' "hm-hns\ cn-s'
sImv A-n hep-Xmb Acw kw`-hn-p-p.
Fo hmIy-sf Bhnp ]d-bp-Xv imn-]m-T"knX' bpw "koX' bpw t]mse-X-s. _e-ns Aw
ns kam-]X
v nsb kqNn-n-p-p.
{]b-Xv\w, h-sf D-cn-ptm AXns [z\nsb
Hmw imnx, imnx, imnx C{]-Imcw aqp-hw ]d- hy-am-p--Xn Dm-Ip {]bm-ks {]bXv\w
bp--Xn-\p ImcWw B[n-`u-XnIw, B[n-s sZ-hnIw Fp ]d-bp- p. {]bXv\w cp- hn-[-n- epv; B`y- - chpw
Bym-nIw Fo aqp {]Im-c-nepw kw`-hn-m- _mly-hpw. B`y--c-n\v Apw _mly-n\v ]Xnhp Fm hnLv\--fp-tSbpw k-\miw kw`-hn-s s\mpw t`Z--fp-s v AwKo-I-cn--s -n-c n- p- p.
FpXmWv. `K-hm imn-kz- cq-]-\m-Ip-p. AXn-\m kv]rjvSw, Cuj-v]r-jvSw, hnhr-Xw, CujXv hnhr-Xw,
At-l-ns kvac-W-am-{X-bns Fm {]Im-c-n- kwhrXw Ch B`y--c--fmb {]b- Xv\- - fm-Ip- p. hnhmep-ap imn \nn-X-am-Ip-p.
c, kwhm-c, izmk, \mZ, tLmj, AtLm-j, Aev]-{]m-W,
alm-{]m-W, DZm-, A\p-Zm-, kzcn-X- _mly-{]-bZznXo-b m-\ p- h mIw
Xv\-fpw BIp-p. DZm-l-c-W-n\p "I' apX "a' hscinmw hymJym-kym-ax, hx kzcx. am{Xm bp A-c--fpsS B`y--c-{]-bXv\w kv]rjvSw BIp_ew. kma kwXm-\x. CXypx inm-[ym-bx.
p. Fp-sIm-s- m IWvTw BZn-bmb m\--fn

114

I {]mW-hm-bp-hns kv]i-\w-sImpw Ch-bpsS Dm-cWw

kw`- hn-p- p. "I' bpsS _mly-{]-bXv\w hnhm- cw, izmkw,
AtLm-jw, Aev]-{]mWw Ch-bm-Wv. Cu hnj-b-ns
hni-Z-m-\-n\v hymI-cWw t\m-Ww. h--fpsS
ka-hr- n-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb Dm-cWw AYhm kma-Km-\ ns coXn-Xs kmaw BIp-p. AXn-s\--n-bp
Adnhpw XZ-\p-k-c-W-amb Dm-c-Whpw AXyw Bh-iyam-Ip-p. kwXm-\-ns Aw kwlnX Fm-Wv.
kn, kzcw, hy-\w, hnkw, A\p-kzmcw apX-embh AXm-Xns ]c-hn-I-fmb h--fpsS kwtbmKw- sImv ]e-bn-S--fnepw \qX-\-cq]w {]m]n-p-p. Cu
kwtbm-K-P-\n-X--fmb hnIr-Xn-`m-h
- sf "kn' Fp
]d-bp-p. GsX- nepw {]tXyI m\- n kn {]tbmKn- n-p-s-n AhnsS h-h n-Imcw Dm-Ip- n-.
Fn AXns\ {]Ir-Xn-`m-hw Fp ]d-bp-p. Npcp-n h--fp- sS Dm- c- W- n ta- d Bdp \nba--tfbpw ]men--Ww.

XrXo- b m- \ p-hmIw
kw_w C\n BNm-cy Xsbpw injy-sbpw A`ypZ-bs {]I-S-am-n-smv kwlnXm hnj-b-I-amb D]mk-\m-hn[n Bcw-`n-pp

kl \u bix. kl \u {_- h - k w.
AYmXx kwln-Xmbm D]-\n-jZw hymJym-kym-ax.
]-kz- [n-I-c-tW-jp. A[n-tem-I -a-[n-tPym-X nja[nhn-Zy-a[n {]P-a-ym-w. Xm alm-kw-lnXm CXymN- -t X. AYm[n-t em-I w. ]rYnho ]q-c q- ] w.
Zyucp--c-cq-]w. BImix knx. hmbpx km\w. CXy-[n-tem-Iw.

fn kn Zin--Sp-pthm A-s\-Xs Cu temImZn-I- fnepw kwln-Xm-ZrjvSn shbv-W-sap Xmev]-cyw. AXv

F{]-Im-c- amtWm A{]-Imcw Cmcyw a\-n-em--s-S- Ww.
Hmtcm knpw \mep- `m- K- hoX-apv ]q- hw,
]c- hw, cn-sbpw IqSn- bp cq]w XYm cn-sbpw
kwtbm-P-I\nb-aw. CXp-t]m-se-Xs bmsXmcp temIw
BZn-b n kwln-X m-Zr-j vS n-sb- n ImWn- p-X - pthm
AXn\pw \mep hn`m-K- DmIpw; ]q-cq-]w, D-ccq-]w, kn (c-pw-IqSn tNcp-tm-gp-m-Ip cq]w)
kw[m\w (kw-tbm-P-Iw).
Cu a{-n temI-hn-j-b-I-amb kwln-Xm-Zr-jvSnbpsS \ncq-]Ww \S--s-n-cn-p-p. ]rYzn AXm-bXv Cu
temIw Xs ]q-cq-]-am-Ip-p. temI-hn-j-b-I-amb almkw-ln-X-bn ]q h-ns m\v ]rYznsb
ImWWw Fp-X m-ev]-cyw. CXp-t]m-se-Xs khpw
kwln-X-bpsS D-c-cq]w (]-c-hw) BIp-p. BImiw
(A--co-w) Xs. Cu cn-sbpw knbpw hmbp
Ch-bpsS km-\hpw (kw- tbm-P-Iw) BIp-p. Fs\
]qhpw D-c-hp-amb h- kn-bn tNv
Hmbn-o-cp-pthm A-s\-Xs {]mW-hm-bp-aqew
]q-h-m-\o-b-amb Cu `qX- e-nse {]mWn D-ch-m-\o-b-amb kz-tem-I-hp-ambn tN-s-Spp
(kw-_-- s-Sp-p-p).

C u h - \ - b n C jv S - a p t em I - n s
{]m]vXnsbn ]d-n-cn-p-p. Fp-sIm- s- m ^e{ip-Xn-bn Cu hnZy Adn-bp--Xp-sIm-p ^ew kztem-I-hp-ambn _-s-p-t]m-hpI Fp ]d-n-cn-p-p.
Fm Cu hnZy-b psS ]c- c \jvS -s -p-t]m-bXp
ImcWw BwKy-cq-]-n-ep h-\-I-fn\npw F{]Cu Aym-b-n BZy-ambn ka-Zin-bmb BNm- Imcw GXp-tem-Is {]m]n-p-hm Ignbpw Fp a\cy hgn X\np thnbpw injy-\p-th-nbpw bi-n- n-em-p-hm km[y-a Fv Hc-\p-am\w ChnsS Dm-Iptbpw tXP-n-tbpw hrn-p Dt-i-tm-Sp-IqSn p. temI--fpsS {]m]vXn-bn {]mW\p {]m[m-\y-apip`m- Imw {]I- Sn- n- p- p. \appw \psS {im- ephpw sp am{Xw a\-n-em-Ip-p. {]mW hgn-bm-bn-s
hn\-bh
- m-\p-amb injy\pw m\-n\npw D]m-k-\- a\-tmSpw C{nbtfm-Spw-IqSn Pohm-m-hns {]tXy-Ibn \npw e`y-am-Ip bipw {_-tX- Px-{]m-]vXnbpw temIfn-te-p Ka\w \S-p-p. Cmcyw D]-\n-jDm-I-s. AXn-\p-tijw kwln-Xm-hn-j-b-Ia
- mbn D]-\n-j- p-I-fn ]e-bn-Spw ]d-n-cn-p-p. Fm ]rYzn
ns\ hymJym-\n-p--Xn\p {]Xn sNbvXp-sImv BZy h-sapw ZyptemIw cm-as h-sapw
AXns\ \ncq-]Ww sNp- p. h- -fn-ep- m-Ip AXp-t]mse BImiw kn (C-hb
- psS kwbp--cq-]w)
knsb "kwlnX' Fp ]d-bp-p. B kwln-X-Xs Fpw ChnsS ]d-b-s-n-cn-p-p. (Cu IY-\-ns icnhym]-I-cq]w [cnv temIw apX-em-b-hsb kzw hnj-b- bmb Bibw Fm-sWp a\-n-em-Ip-n-.)
-fm-ptm AXns\ "alm-kw-lnX' Fp ]d-bp-p.
AYm-[n-Pyu-Xn-jw. Anx ]q-cq-]w. BZnXy
kwlnX AYhm kn Ap-{]-Im-c-n-epv kzcw,
D-c-cq-] w. B]x knx sshZypXx km\w.
hyRvP-\w, kzmZn, hnkw, A\p-kzm-cw. Ch-Xs knCXy-[n-Pyu-X n-jw.
bpsS A[n-jvTm-\- am-Ip--X p-sImv ]-k-n-sb- -t]cn {]kn--am-bn-on-cn-p-p. Cu kn-Iv
An Cu `qX-e-n kpe-`-am-Wv. AXn-\m AXns\
Av B{i-b--fp-s-Xv Hcp hkvXp-X- bm-Wv. CXp-t]m- kwln-X- bpsS ]q-h-sap Icp-Xp-p. kqcy
se- Xs ]qtm--amb alm- kw- ln-Xbvpw AYhm alm- Zyptem-I-n {]Im-in-p-p. AXn-\m AXns\ D-cknpw Av B{i-b--fpv AXv temIw, tPymXn- cq] (]-c-h) sap ]d-bp-p. Ch cn \npw Dv, hnZy, {]Pm, Bmhv Ch-bm-Ip-p. Fs\ h-- hn-X
- p-Im-cWw taLw Xs knbpw AXp-t]mse

115

I sshZyp-X-i-n-Xs tlXphpw (k-m-\w) Bbn ]d-b-sSp-p.

Cu a{-n tPymXnhn-j-bI kwln-Xsb hnnv tPymXn-p-I-fpsS kwtbm-K-n\npw \m\m-{]-Imc-n-ep `uXnI hkvXp--fpsS {]Im-i-\
- fpw AhbpsS hnm\ cl-kyhpw a\-n-em-p-p. B tPymXnp-I-fpsS kw_--n \npw D-hn-n-p t`mKy-]Zm-v Pe-ns \maw sImSp--s-Sp-Ibpw Ahsb-m-n-tbpw D-n- bn hnZyp-ns\ kwtbm-PI-sap ]d-b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p. Fp-sImsm
Cm-e-p sshm-\n-I sshZypXn kw_- - n
\npw \m\m- hn-[- n- ep `uXn- I-hn-Im-k- {]I- S-am-nm-Wn-p-p. thZ--fn Cu `uXn-tIm--Xn-m-bp
km[-\bpw \m-bp-]t- Z-in--s-n-cn-pp Fv CXn
\npw hy-am-Ipp; Fm ]c-c \in-p-t]m-b-XpIm-cWw AXns\ {Kln-n-p--h-cpw, {Kln-n-p-hm Ignhp--hcpw Zp-`-am-bn-on-cn-p-p.

Im-e-n imkv{X-hn-[n- b-\p-k-cnp btYm-NnXw \nb-a-]c- ambn amXm-]n-Xm- km- t\m-ev]m- Z-t\m- t-i- tm-Sp-IqSn
\S-- s-Sp kl-hmkw Xs km\w (k-m-t\mn-bpsS Imc-Ww) BIp-p. bmsXm-cp- Cu clkyw
a\- n- emn km- t\m- n-bpsS Dt- i- tm-Sp-IqSn EXpIm-e-n [-bp--ambn kv{Xok-l-hmkw \S-ppthm Ah \n-b-ambpw Xs Cm-\p-k-c-Wa
- p
t{ijvT km-\s {]m]n-p-p.

AYm-ym-w. A[cm l\px ]qh-cq-]w. D-cml-\ p-cp--c-cq-]w. hmIvk- nx. Pnlzm km-\w.
CXy-[ ym-w.

Cu a{-n ico-ch
- n-j-b-I-amb kwlnXm hoWs D]-tZ-in-n-cn-p-p. ico-c
- ns {][m-\-amb
AwKw apJ-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m apJ-ns Ah-b-h
- fnXs kwln-X-bpsS hn`m-K- ImWn--s-Sp-p.
apIfnse XpS-sbp ]c-hhpw Xmgs XmSn-sbp
kwln-X-bpsS ]q-hhpw BIp-p. Cu cn-sbpw
AYm-[n-hn-Zyw. BNmcyx ]q-cq-]w. At- hm-kyp-- kwtbm-K-n\nv Ch-bpsS ay-`m-K-n A`n-hy-c-cq-]w. hnZymx knx. {]h-N\w km-\w. CXy[n hnZyw. am-Ip hmWn-Xs knbpw Pnlzm km-\hpw (hmWo- c p-] - a m-I kn-b psS {]I-S - a m-I p Imc- W w)
Cu a{-n hnZysb kw_-np kwlnXm hoXsbmIp-p. Fp- sIm- s- m Pnlz-sb- q- SmsX a\pW-n-ep D]-tZiw sImSp--s-n-cn-p-p. CXp-h-gnjyp bmsXmcp hmpw D- cn-p-hm kmy- a-. hmWnbmbn hnZym-{]m-]X
v n-p clkyw a\-n-em--s-Sp-p.
bn Akm- [m-c-W-amb in nXn-sN- p- p. hmWo-Zzmcm
F{]-Imcw h-k-n-bn Hv ]q-hhpw asmv
{]m\ \Sn a\p-jyp ico-c-ns t]mj-Whpw
]c-h-hp-am-bn-cn-p-pthm AXp-t]mse Xs ChnsS
AXns\ t{ijvT-am-p- -Xn-\p Fm kma-{KnIfpw {]m]nhnZym-cq-]-kw-ln-X-bn Kpcp-hm-Is ]q hhpw `np-hm km[n-p-p. HmwIm-c-kz-cq-]a
- mb ]c-ta-iz-cs
hn-\b
- -tm-Sp-IqSn Kpcp-hns\ tkhn-p hnZym-`n-em-jn\ma-P-]-n\npw ]c-am-m-hn-t\bpw {]m]n-p-hm
bmb injy ]c-h-hp-am-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse knkm[n-p-p. C{]-Imcw hmWn-bn imco-cn-Ihpw Bbn cp- h- - fpsS kwtbm-Kw- sImv Fns\ aqmhn-jb
- -I-hp-amb cp-X-c-n-ep DXn kwPm-X-am-pa-Xmbn Hcp ]pXnb h-ap-m-Ip-pthm AtX-{]-Imcw
-Xn-\p Ignhp \nd-p-\np-p. Cu cl-kys
Kpcp-hn-tbpw injy-tbpw kw_--n \np--hna\-n-emn bmsXmcp a\p-jy Xs hmWnsb bYmp hnZy m\w-Xs ChnsS kn- bm-Ip-p. Cu
tbmKyw D]-tbm-Kn- p-pthm Ah hmIvin {]m]n-nv
hnZym-cq-]-kn {]I-S-am-Ip--Xn-\p Imc-W-amWp {]h-NAXp-h-gn-bmbn A`o-jSv - ^-es {]m]n-p--Xn ka\w. Kpcp-hns D]-tZ- ihpw injys {im-]q- ap {ih\mbn `hn-p-p.
Whpw {Kl-Whpw Xs km\w BIp-p. bmsXm-cp Cu clkyw a\-n-emn hnZzm-\mb Kpcp-hns\
CXoam alm kwlnXm b Gh-taXm alm-kwtkhn-p-pthm Ah Xo-bmbpw hnZysb {]m]n-nv lnXm hymJymXm thZ. kw[o-btX {]Pbm ]ipm\n-bm-bn- o-cp-p.
`nx. {_-h-tk-\m-m-tZy\ kphtW temtI-

AYm-[n-{]-Pw. amXm ]q-cq-]w, ]ntXm--c-cq-]w.

{]Pm knx. {]P-\\w km-\w. CXy-[n-{]-Pw.

\.

Cu a{-n Ap-{]-Im-c-n ]d-n-cn-p

alm- kw-ln- X-I-fpsS bYm-m-\-^ew ]d-b-s-n-cn-pCu a{- n kwln-Xm-cq-]-n {]Pm-h\w \Sp. Chsb Adn-bp--h\p Xs C--\p-Iq-e- amb kmn-bnv km-\-{]m-]vXn-p clkyw a\-n-em-p-p.
\s {]m]n-p-hm Ignbp-Ibpw hnZy-h-gn-bmbn {_
Cu {]Pm-hn-j- b- kw- ln- X-bn amXm- hm- Is ]q-hhpw
tXP----\mbn `hn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Xs Cm-\p]nXmhv ]c-h-hp-am-Ip-p. cp h--fpsS knk-c-Wa
- mbn \m\m-{]-Im-c-n-ep arK--tfbpw Aw
bn\npw Hcp ]pXnb hw Dm-Ip--Xp-t]mse amXmapX-emb t`mKy-]-Zmtfbpw km-Zn-p-hm Ign-bphn-sbpw ]nXm-hn-sbpw kwtbm-K-n \npw D-hnp. C{X-am-{X-a-, Ah\p kz-tem-I-{]m-]X
v nbpw Dm-Ipp km-\w-Xs Cu kwln-X-bn cn-sbpw
p. Ch-aqew temI-hn-j-b-amb kwln-X-bpsS m\kn (kw-bp kzcq-]w) BIp-p. AXp-t]mse EXp-

116

I m kzmZn D-a-temIfpw tPymXnhn-j-b-I-amb

awK-e-a-b-amb hf-sc-b-[nIw hmp-Isf {ihn-p-sIm-nm\-m \m\mhn-[-n-ep `uXn-Ih

- -kvXp-fpw cn--tW. AXm-bXv Fs I--fn BNm-cy-\m
{]Pm-hn-j-b-Ik
- -n-bpsS m\-m km-\-fpw hn--s cl-kys ]q-ambn {ihn-p--Xn-\p
hnZym- hn-j-b-I-kw- ln-X-bpsS m\-m hnZybpw {_- in-bp-m--tW. F\nv A-bpsS awK-f-a-b-amb
tX- Pv Bym-nI kwlnX Ch-bpsS hnm-\-m bip {ihn-p--Xn-\p Ah-kcw e`y-am-tW. tl
HmwIm-cta! \o ]c-ta-iz-cs \n[n-bm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv B
hmIvi-n-{]m-]vXnbpw DmIpw Fp a\-n-em--Ww.
]q-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c \nn \nd-n-cn-pp; Fp{ipXn-bn Fm kwln-X-I-fp-tSbpw m\-ns
sIm-s-m \man-\m-a-s-s B{i-bn-n-cn-p-p.
kmaq-ln-I-amb ^esf ]d-n-cn-p-p. {ipXn CuizCs\ Bbn-cp-npw \o a\pjycpsS euInI _pncs hmWn-bm-Ip-p. AXn-\m CXns clkyw a\-nbm s]mXn-b-spw Ccn-p-p. euIn-Ia
- mb X-emn {i-tbmSpw hnizm-k-tm-Spw-IqSn D]-cyp--amb
fm A\p- km\w sN-s-Sp-- h-cpsS _pn- bn \ns
D]m-k-\-Isf A\p-jT
v n-m \n-t-la
- mbpw Fm ^e{]`mhw hy-am-bn-cn-p-n-. tl tZhm, \o tI-s
-tfbpw {]m]n-p-hm km[yam-Ip-p.
D]-tZ-is cn-q. AXm-bXv F\nv bmsXm-cp-]-tZiw
{ihn-p--Xn-\p km[n-pthm AXns\ Rm kvacn-pNXpm-\ p-hmIw
sImv AX-\p-k-cnv Fs PohnXw Bhn-jv-cn-p-bivO--km-ar-j-t`m-hn-iz-cq-]x. Otmt`ym[yarXn\p Ir]-sN-p.

Xm-X vkw-_-`q-h. k tat{m-ta-[bm kv]rtWm-X p.

Aar-X ky tZh [mctWm `qbm-k w. icocw ta
hnNjWw. Pnlzm ta a[p-a-am. Im`ymw `qcn
hn{ip-hw. {_Wx tImtimkn ta[bm ]nln-Xx.
{ipXw ta tKm]m-b.

Cu \mem-a-\p-hm-I-n ta{ipXw tKm]mb Cu

hmIyw hsc ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns {]m]n-m-h-iy-amb
_pn-_-ehpw imco-cn-I-_-ehpw {]m]n-p--Xn-\p Dtiy-tm-Sp-IqSn ]c-ta-iz-c-t\mSv At-l-ns \ma-amb
HmwIm-c- ]mcm {]mn-p--Xn-\p {]I-c-W- \ntin--s-n-cn-p-p. Hmw F-Xv, thtZm---fmbn ]c-taiz-c-\p \ma--fn-semw t{ijvThpw k-cq-]-hp-am-Ipp. Fp-sImsm Hmtcm a{- n-tbpw BZn- bn
HmwImcw D-cn--s-Sp-Ibpw HmwIm-c-ns Dm-cWw
kq thZ--fpsS Dm-c-W-^ew {]m]vXa
- m-p-Ibpw
sNp- p. AXp-t]mse Ahn-\m-in-bmb thZ--tfmSpw Cu
HmwImcw {][m-\-cq-]
- n {]I-S-am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpp. HmwImcw \mahpw ]c- ta- iz-c \manbpw BIp-p. AXn\m cpw ]c-kv]cw A`n--am-Wv. {]W-h-cq-]a
- mb B
]c-a m- mhv AJn-e - n-tbpw ]c-ta-i z-c BbXp
ImcWw ""C{'' F t]cn {]kn--\m-bn-cn-p-p. B
C{ Fs ta[min-bm k--am--s. "[o[m-cWm-hXo ta[m' F tImi-hm-Iy-a-\p-k-cnv [mcWm inbm k--amb _pn-bpsS \maw "ta[m' Fm-W.v ]cam-mhv Fs ]Tn-Xpw {Kln--Xp-amb `mh-sf hlnp--Xn-\p in-bm k--\m-tW Fp Xmcyw. tl tZh, Rm A-bpsS Assl-XpIo Ir]-bm
B Aar-X- amb kzcq-]s kzw lrZ-b-n hln-p-h-\m-bn-o-c-s. A-bpsS D]m-k-\-bn bmsXm-cp-hn[-amb hnLv\
- fpw kw`-hn-m-Xn-cn-p--Xn\v Fs
icocw tcmK-c-ln-X- am-n-o-tW. Fs Pnlz ApX-I-c-amb a[p-c-hm-Wn-bm A-bpsS a[p-c-\m-a--tfbpw
KpW--tfbpw Ionv Ah-bpsS a[p-c-ckw Bkz-Znp- -Xmbn `hn--tW. Rm Fs cp I- hgn

kw _ w C\n sFi z- c ys A`n- e - j n- p- hpthn lh\w \S-p--Xn-\p a{s Bcw-`npp

Bh-lo hnX-\zm\m Ihm-Wm-No-c-am--\x.

hmkmwkn aa Kmh-. A-]mt\ N.
k-Zm. XtXm.
ta {inbam-h-l. temaimw ]ip`nx
kl kzmlm.
\mem-a-\p-hm-I-nse D]-cyp--amb Cu Awi-n
sFizcys Imwn-p kIm-c-a-cmb a\p-jypthn ]c-ta-iz-c-t\mSp {]mn-p-sImv AKv\n-bnev
BlqXn \Ip coXn- sb-n ]d-bp- p. "Atbm AKv\nbpsS A[n-jvTm-Xm-hmb ]c-ta-izc, Fs kz- am-bn-p
Bh-iy-n\p thn-h-m hnew_w IqSmsX \m\m-{]Im-c-n-ep-ff hkv{Xfpw tKmfpw `n-p--Xn-\p
Fm hkvXp-fpw Ftmgpw Zm\w sNp- I, Ahsb A`nhr-n-s-Sp-p-I, AXp-t]mse Ahsb \hq-\-am-n--cnI. \q F\n-p-thn BSv apX-embn tcma--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bhbpw ap Xc-n-ep-ap-f-Af arK-k-ln-X-amb sFiz-cytbpw {]Zm-\w-sN-q. AXm-bXv Fm t`mK-km-a-{K-ln-Ifp-tSbpw km[-\m-cq-]-amb [\s \o F\n-mbn Zm\w
sNpI F- XmWv {]m- \- bpsS Bi- bw. Cu a{s
D-c n- nv "kzmlm' F hmtm-Sp-IqSn AKv\n-b n
BlpXn sN-Ww. CXv sFiz-cy-{]-]vXn-p km[-\-bmIp-p.
kw_- w- -B-Nm-cy {_-Nm-cn-bpsS lnXmw F{]Imcw lh\w \S-Ww? CXns hn[n-I ]d-bp-p.

B ambp {_-Nm-cnWx kzmlm. hnam-bp

{_-Nm-cnWx kzmlmx {]am-bp {_lva-Nm-cnWx
kzmlm. Za-bp {_lva-Nm-cnWx kzmlm. iam-bp
{_lvam-Nm-cnWx kzmlm.

117

\mem-a-\p-hm-I-ns Cu Awi-n injy-ln-X-n\mbn BNm-cy GsXmw a{-Zzmcm lh\w sNWtam Ahsb hn-n-cn-p-p. BNm-cy "D-a-{_lva-Nm- cn-I Fs-b-Sp- hnZy-b-`y-kn-p--Xn\p hcs'
Fp Dt-iy-tm-Sp-IqSn a{w sNmn "kzmlm' F
Dm-c-W-tm-sS BZym-lpXn \Is; "Fs {_-Nmcn
Im]-Sy-iq-\y-\m-bn-cn-s' F Dt-i-tmsS a{w
sNmn "kzmlm' F Dm-c-W-tm-Sp-IqSn cm-as
BlpXn kan--s. ""{_lva-Nm-cn-I C{n-b
- sf
Aa-h-cp- n-b-h-cm-bn-o-cs' Cu Dt-i-tm-Sp-IqSn
\mem-as BlpXn kan--s. AXp-t]mse ""{_lvaNm-cn-I a\-kk
v ns\ kzm[o-\-n-em-n-b-h-cm-bn-cn-s''
Cu Dt-i-tm-Sp-IqSn at{m-m-c-W-]qIw"kzmlm'
i_vZ-tmsS Am-as BlpXn kan-s.
kw_- w- -B-Nm-cy Xs euIn-Ihpw ]mc-eu-In-I-hpamb lnX-p-thn F{]-Imcw lh\w \S-Ww?
AXns hn[nIsfn ]d-bp-p.

bti m Pt\k m\ n k zml m. t{i bm

hkytkmkm\n kzmlm. Xw Xzm `K {]hn-im\n
kzmlm. k am `K {]hni kzmlm. Xkvan klkvdi
- mtJ \n `Kmlw Xzbn artP kzmlm.

"F{]-Imcw kakvX Pe {]hm-l-fpw Xmgv `mK-tbvsm-gpIn kap-{Z-n tNcppthm F{]-Imcw amk-Zn\- -fpsS Ayw kwh-- c-cq-]-am- Ip Ime-n sNp
tNcp-pthm tl hn[m-Xm. A{]-Imcw Fs ASp-
Fm `mK-p-\npw {_-Nm-cn-I hcp-Ibpw Rm
Ahp hnZy-bp-]t- Z-in-nv awK-f-Im-cn-I-fmb D]-tZ-ifpw \In Fs I-hy- tbpw AXp- t]mse AbpsS B-tbbpw ]men-p-sImv Pohn-s' Cu Dti-tm-Sp- IqSn a{-ap- - cnv "kzmlm' i_vZ- tm- Sp-ISn Bdmas BlpXn An-bn An--Ww. "tl ]c-am-!
Av AJn-e-n-tbpw hn{i-a
- m-\-am-Ip-p. Ctm
F\n-p-thn A-bpsS Znhy-kz-cq-]s {]Im-in-n-pX-cn- Ibpw Fs kzoI-cn-bpw sNbvXm-epw. Cu Dt-itmsS a{-ap-c
- nv "kzmlm i_vZ-tm-Sp-IqSn Ggmw
BlpXn An-bn CS-Ww.
C{]-Imcw Cu temI-n-sbpw ]c-tem-I-n-sbpw
D-Xn-p ]c-am-m-hn-t\m-Sp {]m-\bpw AtXm-SpIq-Sn-bp lh-\-hp-am-sWp ]d-b-s-n-cn-p-p.

]-am- \ p- h mIw

`q`phx kph-cnXn hm GXm-kvXnkvtdm hymlrX-bx. Xmkmap l kvssaXmw NXpYow amlm-N\mem-a-ym-b- ns Cu Awi-n BNm-cy Xs akyx {]th-Z-b-tX. al CXn. XZv{_-. k Bm.
lnX-n-\p-thn sN-s-tS lh-\s hn- n- cn-p- AMvKm\y\ym tZh-Xmx. `qcnXn hm Abw temIx.
p. "Bfp- I-fn Rm bi- kzn-bm-I-s. temI-n Fs `ph CXy- -c n- w. kph- c n-X yku temIx. al
bi-ns kuc`yw k{X hym]n- -s. Fs bi-n\p CXym-Zn-Xyx. BZn-tXy\ hmh kth temIm aloIf--ta- BN-c-W--sfmpw Fn\npw b-t .
Dm- Im-Xn- cn-s' Cu Dt- iy-tmsS "btim Pt\km\n'
F a{s D-cn-p-sImv "kzmlm' ]Z-tm-Sp-IqSn
BZym-lpXn An- -Ww. "alm-[-\n-I- \-msc At]-np
Rm AXy-[nIw k--\mbn `hn-s' Cu Dt-is
ap \n n a{ s D- c n- p- s Im v "kzmlm'
i_vZtmsS cm-as BlpXn An-bn An-Ww. "tl `K-h, Rm A-bpsS Znhy kzcq-]-n
{]th- i n- s' Cu Dt- i - t msS a{ w D- c nv
"kzmlm'i_vZ-tmsS aqm- a- s BlpXn An- bn- en- Ww. "tl `K-h A-bpsS Znhy- kz-cq]w Fn {]hnjvS-am-bn-o-cs' , Fs a\-n nXn-sN-s'Cu
Dt- i-tm- Sp-Iq-Snb at{m-m-cW klnXw "kzmlm' i_vZtmsS \mem-as BlpXn An-bn kan--Ww.
"tl `K-h, Bbn-c--W-n\p imJ-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb AbpsS B Znhy-cq-]-n [ym\-\n-a--\mbn Rm kzmbam-bn-s hnip--\m-bn-o-cs' Cu Dt-i-tm-Sp-IqSn
at{m-m-c-W-]qw "kzmlm' i_vZ-tm-Sp-IqSn Amas BlpXn An-bn Hgn--Ww.

bYm]x {]hXm bn bYm amkm AlPcw. Ghw amw {_-]m-cn-tW-[m-Xcm-b-p-k-Xxkzm-lm.

{]Xn-thtimkn{] am `mhn {] am ]Zy-kz.

Cu Am-as A\p-hm- I-n `qx, `phx, kzx, alx

Cu \mep hymlr-Xn- I- fpsS (a-{- -fp- sS) D]m-k-\m- c- lkyw
]d-nv AXns ^es hn-p-p. BZy-ambn `qx,
`phx, kzmx Cu aqp hymlr-Xn-I {]kn---sf
Imcyw ]d-n-cn-p-p. Fm Ch-sb-q-SmsX \memas hymlr-Xn-bmb "alx' F-Xns D]m- k\m clkyw
hfsc apt] Xs alm-N-a-ks ]p{X {Kln-n-cp-p.
Cu \mep hymlr-Xn-I-sfbpw \mep {]Im-c--fn {]tbmKnv D]m-kn-p--Xn-\p hn[n-I app-]-d-np B
Imew apX {]N-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. CXn-\p-tijw Cu
\mep hymlr-Xn-I-fn F{]-Im-c-n-ep `mh-\ItfmSp-IqSnb D]m-k\ \S-Ww Fp CXv a\-n-em-p-p. Cu
\mep hymlr-Xn-I-fn F{]-Im-c-n-ep `mh-\-I-tfm-Sp-IqSnb D]m-k\ \S-Ww Fp CXv a\-n-em-p-p. Cu
\mep hymlr-Xn-I-fn \mem- a-t-Xmb "alx' Ghpw {][m\-s--Xm-Ip-p. AXn-\m D]mky tZh-X-I-fn "alx'
hymlr-Xnsb {_-ns kzcq-]-sap a\-n-em--Ww
\mem-as hymlr-Xn-bmb "alx' {_-ns \ma-amb-Xp-sImv {_w-X-s-bm-Ip-p. Fp-s Im-s- m
{_w Fm-n-sbpw Bm-hm-Ip-p, k-kz-cq-]-amIp-p. ap Fm tZh-X-I AXns AwK--fp-am-Ipp. AXn-\m GsX- nepw Hcp tZhX Cu hymlr-XnIfm

118

I D]m-kn- -s -Sp-p-s h-n AXv k-kz-cq-]-\mb

]ctaizcs Xs D]m-k\ F Imcyw ad-p-t]m-Ic
- pXv. Fm tZh-X- Ifpw At-l-ns Xs AwKfm-bXp-sImv ap tZh-X-I-fpsS D]m-k-\bpw At-l
- ns
Xs-bm-Ip-p. AXn-\p-tijw Cu hymlr-Xn-If
- n temI-sf-n Nnn-p--Xn-\p hn[nbpw C{]-Imcw ]d-ncn-p-p. "`qx' CXv ]rYzn-sb-p-dn-p-p. "`qhx' A-co-t-bpw, "kzx' kp{]-kn--amb kz-tem-I-t-bpw,
"alx' CXv kqcy-t\bpw Ipdn-p-p. Fp-sImsm
kqcy-\n\npw Fm temI-fpw alnam\znX-am-bn-smn-cn-p-p. `qx, `phx, kzx Cu aqp hymlr-Xn-Ifpw
B ]c-ta-iz-cs hncmSv ico-cc
- q-]-am-Ip Cu qe
{_m- WvUs Ipdn- p- p AXm- bXv ]c- ta- iz- cs AwKns \mahpw AXp-t]mse "alx' F \mem-as
hymlrXn Cu hncmSv ico-cs {]Im-in-n-p AXns
B-kz-cq-]-am-Ipp ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Ipdn-p--Xp-am-Ip-p.
"alx' CXp kqcys \maw BIp-p. kqcys Bmhpw
]c-ta-iz-c Xs-bm-Ip-p. AXn-\m kqcy-cq-]-n
\nv Fm temI--tfbpw At-lw-Xs {]Im-in-n-psIm-n-cn-p-p. AXp-sImv ChnsS kqcys D]-e-W-n\npw Cu hncmSv ico-cs {]Im-in-n-p-sImn-cn-p CXns B-cq-]a
- mb ]a-tc-iz-c-s\-s
D]m-k- \-bpsS ey-am-n-bn-cn-p-p.

`qcnXn hm Anx. `ph CXn hmbpx. kph-cnXym

ZnXyx. al CXn N{-amx. N{-akm hmh khmWn
tPymXowjn alo-b-t. `qcnXn hm ENx. `ph CXn
kmam-\ n. kph- c nXn bPpw- j n. al CXn-{ _- .
{_Wm hmh kth thZm alo-b-t.
CXp-t]mse Xs hopw tPymXn- p-I-fn Cu hymlrXn-IZzmcm ]c-ta-iz-cs D]m-k-\m-{]-Im-c- \nt- in- s-Sp-p. "`px' F hymlrXn An-bpsS \ma-am-b-Xn-\m
An Xs-bm- Ipp Fp `mhw. An-tZ-hX hmWn- bpsS
A[n-jvTm-\- tZ- h-Xbpw hmWn Hmtcm hnj- b--tfbpw hyamn {]Im-in-n-p--Xp-Im-cWw tPymXnpw BIp-p.
AXn-\m AXpw tPymXn-p-If
- psS D]m-k-\-bn "`qx'
Fp tXmp-am-dm-Ip-p. "`phx' CXv hmbp-hm-Ip-p. hmbptZ-hX XzKn-{n-b-ns A[n-j vTm-Xmhpw XzKn-{nbw
kv]i-\s {]Im-in-n-p--Xp-amb tPymXn-p-am-Ip-p.
AXn-\m tPymXn-hn-j-b-I-amb D]m-k-\-If
- n hmbp-hnt\bpw Xzn-t\bpw "`phx' cq]-n a\-n-em--Ww.
"kzx' CXv kqcy-\m-Ip-p. kqcy t\t{X- {n- b--fpsS A[njvTm-Xm-hm-Ip-p. t\t{X-{n-bhpw kqcys klm-b-tmSp-IqSn cq]s {]Im-in-n-p tPymXn-m-Ip-p. AXn\m tPymXnhn-j-b-I-amb D]m-k-\-I-fn kqcy-t\bpw
t\t{X-{n-b
- bpw "kzx' F hymlrXn cq]-n a\n-em--Ww. "alx' F \mem-as hymlrXn N{-\msWp tXmp-p. N{ a\-ns A[n-jT
v m-\-tZ-h-X-bmIp-p. a\-ns klm-b
- m a\-tm-sSm-p-h-kn-p-

-Xn-\m Xs ka-kvtX-{n-b-fpw kz-amb hnj-bsf {]Im-in-n-p-hm Ihn-hp--Xm-bn-o-cp-p. a\-ns\-q-SmsX Hpw kmy-a-. AXn-\m Fm tPymXn-pI-fnepw {][m\w N{-s\pw a\-n-s\-s "alx'
hymlrXn cq]w Fpw Adn-bW
- w. Fp-sIm-s-m
N{-\n\npw AXm-bXp a\-n \np-Xs Fm
tPymXncq-t]-{n-b-fpw aln-a m-\zn-X-am-bn-sm-n-cn-pp. C{]-Imcw a\-ns cq]-n ]c-ta-iz-cs\ D]m-knp--Xn-\p hn[n hy-am--s-n-cn-p-p. CXp-t]mse
Xs thZ--fpsS hnj-b-nepw hymlr-Xn-I-fpsS {]tbmKw-aq-e-ap ]c-ta-iz-tcm-]m- k-\-bpsS {]Im-c- \nt-in-s-n-cn-p-p. CXm-W-Xns `mhw.
"`qx' CXv EtKz-Z-am-Ip-p. "`phx' kma-th-Zhpw "kzx'
bPpth-Zhpw "alx' {_hpw BIp-p. Fp-sIm-sm {_-n\npw Fm thZ-fpw aln-am-bp-am-bn-cn-p-p. Fm thZ--fnepw hn-n-p kakvX
m\-fpw ]c-{_--]-c-ta-iz- c-\n\n-p-Xs {]I-Shpw
At-l-n\n-p-Xs hym]vX-hp-am-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse
B ]c-ta-iz- cs XXz--fpsS h\w Cu thZ--fn
ImWp-Ibpw sNpp; AXn- \m CXv At- l-ns alnX-s-bm-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw thZ--fnse Cu hymlr-Xn-IfpsS {]tbm-Kw-sImv D]m-k\ sN-Ww.

`qcnXn ssh {]mWx. `ph CXy-]m-\x. kph-cnXn

hym\x. al CXy-w. At\ hmh kt {]mWm
alo-b-t. Xm hm GXm--X-kvd--Xp[m. NX-kvd-X kvtdm hymlr-X-bx. Xm tbm thZ. k thZ
{_. kthkvssa tZhm _en-am-h-l-n.
A X n- \ p - t i j w { ] mW s hn j - b - n C u
hymlrXnIfpsS {]tbm-Kw-sIm-p {]Im-c-sf {Klnn-p-p. "`qx' {]mW\pw "`phx' A]m-\\pw "kzx' hym\\pw
BIp-p. Cs\ PKZv hym]n-bmb kakvX {]mWXs-bmWv Cu aqp hymlr-Xn-I-fpw. Aw "alx' cq]-amIp \memas hymlr-Xn-bm-W.v Fp-sIm- s-m
F{]-Imcw hymlr-Xn-If
- n "alx' {][m-\-am-bn-cn--pthm
AtX-{]-Imcw Xs Fm {]mWtbpw t]mjWw \Sn
Ah-bpsS aln-asb \ne-\np-Ibpw hfp-Ibpw
sNp--Xp-Im-cWw Ahsb At]-nv Aw {][m-\-s-Xm-Ip-p. AXn-\m {]mWs A-cym-an-bmb ]ctaizcs D]m-k\ A-ns cq]-n \S--s-S-Ww.
C{]-Imcw \mep hymlr-XnItfbpw \mep {]Im-c-n
{]bp- - amn D]m-kn- p-- Xn-\p coXnsb ]d-nv AXv
{Klnv D]m- kn-p--Xp-sIm- p- m-Ip ^esf-p-dnp
]d-bp-p. \mep {]Im-c-W
- -fn-embn {]bp--amb Cu
\mep hymlr-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw D]m-k- \-I-fpsS clkyw bmsXmcp- Adn-bp-pthm AXm-bXv a\-n-em-n-bnv AXn-\\p-k-c-W-ambn ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ D]m-kn-p-pthm
Ah {_s Adn-b p-Ibpw ka-kvX -tZ-h -X -I fpw

119

I Ah\p ImgvN kan-p-Ibpw

p. Ay-Im-ev B alm-]p-cp-j B am-nIqSn

ico-c
- ns shfn-bn ISv "`px' Fp ]d-bs
- -Sp
An-bn nXn-sN-p-p. {_- m\n {_-tem-I-ntep t]mIp-tm Ah BZy-ambn tPymXna-bnbpw
jjvTm-\ p- h mIw
A`n-am-\n-bp-amb An-tZ-hX
- - bpsS A[n-Im-c-n hpk b Gtjmlr-Zb BIm-ix. Xkvan-bw tN-cp-p. A\-cw hmbp-hn nXn-sN-p-p. AXm-bXv
]pcptjm at\m-a-bx. AartXm lnc--bx.
`qan-ap-X kqcy-tem-Iw-h-sc-bp Fm BIm-i--fnepw
Cu A\p-hm-I-n \mep-kw-K-Xn-I ]d-n-cn-p- bmsXm- cp-s A[n- Imcw \ne-\np- pthm bmsXmv
v m-\-tZ-h-X-bm-bnp. Ah-bpsS kw_w ]qm-\p-hm-I-n ]d-n- Fpw k-cn-p hmbp-hns A[n-jT
p D]-tZifn\npw hyXy-kvX-hp-am-Ip-p. B D]- cn-p-pthm bmsXmv "`phx' F t]cn Am-a-ymb-n hn--s-n-cn-p-pthm AXns Xs A[ntZifpsS ]qo-I-c-W-n- \mbn CXv Bcw-`n-p-p.
Im-c-n Ah sNp-tN-cp-p. B tZhX Ahs\ "kzx'
]qm- \p-hm-I-n a\- ns A[n-jvTm\ tZh-X-bmb F t]cn hn--s-Sp kqcy-tem-I-n FnN{s\ C{n-b--fpsS A[n-jvTm\ tZh-X-I-fpsS {]Im-i- p-Ibpw ]noSv AhnsS \npw "alx' F t]cn hnfnI Fp hnti-jn- n-n-cn-p-p. Ah-bpsS {_-cq-]-n- -s-Sp "{_' n nXn sNn-p-Ibpw sNpep D]m-k\ sNp--Xn-\p bpnbpw a\-n-em-- p.
sp Ign-n-cn-p-p. B at\m-ab ]c-{_w AJn-eB]vt\mXn kzmcm-Pyw. B]vt\mXn a\-k-kv]n-tbpw A-cym-an-bmb ]pcp-j Fhn-sS-bm-Ipp;
Xnw.
hmIv]-Xn-
- p-jv]-Xnx. t{im{X-]-Xnhn-mAt-l-ns D]-e_v[n FhnsS \np-ap-m-Ipp
\]
X
nx.
GX
tXm
`h-Xn.
Cmcyw Cu A[ymb-ns BZymw-i--fn D]-tZ-inn-cn-p-p. Aym-b-nse Cu Awi-ns Bibw
{_-tem-I-n {]Xn-jvTn-X-\mb B alm-]p-cp-j
ap]- d - -X p-t]mse bmsXmv Cu lrZ-b - ns GX-h- -bn-em-Ipp F Imcyw Cu A\p-hm-I
- ns
A`m-Kv AwKp-jT
v - am-{X-amb ]cn-Wm-a-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb aqm-aw-i-n ]dpI-gn-p. A\p-hm-I-nse Cu
BImiw Dm- bn-cn-p-pthm AXns Cu hnip Awi-ns Bibw Ah kzcm-m-bn-o-cpp Fm{]Im-i-kz-cq-]\pw Ahn-\m-inbpw at\m-a-b\pw A-cym-an- Wv. AXm-bXv apIfn {]Ir-Xn-bpsS A[n-Imcw \nebp-amb ]c-ta-iz-c hncm-Pn-p-p. CXp-Xs At-l- \np-n-. Fnepw AXp kzbw Xs {]Ir-Xn-bpsS
ns kmm- Xvm-c- am- Ip-Xv AXns\ {]m]n-p- -Xn\p A[n-jvTm-Xm-h m-bn-o-cp-p, Fp-s Im-s-m a\ap e--fn-tepw t]mtI--Xmbn hcp-n-.
ns ka-kvXm-x-I-c-W-k-ap-Zm-b--fpsS kzman-bmb
A-tcW Xmep-tI. b Gj kvX\ Chm-h-ew- ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p-p. AXn-\m hmWn, Np-v,
_- t X. tk {- t bm- \ nx. b{Xmku tIimtm t{im{Xw, BZn-bmb ka-kvtX-{n-b-fpw Ah-bpsS tZhhnh- t X. hyt]mly ioj- I - ] m- t e. `qcn- X-Ifpw AXp-t]mse hnm-\- kz-cq-]-amb _pn-bp-sSbpw
Xyu {]Xn-Xn-jvT -X n. `ph CXn hmbu. kph-c n- kzman-bm-bn-o-cp-p. AXm-bXv Ch-sbmw Ah--[o-\am-bn-o-cp-p. BZyw ]d-n-cn-p B km[-\-bn
Xym-Zn-tXy. al CXn {_-Wn.
\npw D]-cyp--amb ^ew e`n-p-p.
B ]c-{_-]
- -c-ta-iz-cs\ Xs lrZ-b-n {]Xy-BIm-i-ic
- ocw {_. kXym {]mWm-cmaw a\
am-bn--p-sIm-n-cn-p alm-]p-cp-j Cu ico-cs
B\
w.
imn
kar--a-ar-Xw. CXn {]mNo-\-tbmXyPn-p-t]m-Ip-tm F{]-Imcw GXp amw shfn-bn-en-dtKym]
m
z.
n, GXp {Ia-tm-Sp-IqSn `qx, `phx, kzx cq]--fmb kakvX-tem- I--fn ]cn-]q-ambn AJn- e-n-tbpw BAh {]m]n-p {_w F-s\-bp--Xm-Ipp?
kz-cq-]-am-Ip ]c-ta-iz-c\
- n hnebw {]m]n-pp Cu AXns\ F{]-I mcw Nnn- p-I bpw [ym\n- p-I bpw
Imcyw Cu A\p-hm-I-ns cm-as Awi-n sNWw? B {_w BIm-iw-t]mse \ncm-Im-chpw kshfn-s-Sp-n-bn-cn- p- p. a\p- jy- cpsS hmbn Xmep-hns hym-]nbpw AXyw kqva-i-co-c-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-am- IpCS-bn-embn apesRns BIm-c- n Xqn-n-S-p p. GI-am-{X-k-m-cq-]-hp-am-Wv. Fm C{n-b
- pw
amwk-]nWvUw (A- Xns\ kwkm-c-`m-j-bn Ipdp- \m-sp hn{iaw \Ip-Xpw a\-n\v ]c-am-\-Z- m-b-I-hp-am-Wv.
]d-bp-p). AXn\p apIfn tIifpsS aqe-m-\-amb AJ-WvU-im-n-bpsS `WvUm-chpw kYm Ahn-\m-in-bp{_-c vd w AhnsS lrZ-b - n \npw ]pd-sv am-Wv. D-ah
- n-izm-k-tm-Sp-IqSn C{]-Imcw IcpXn km[Ipdp\mns DnIqSn ISv cp It]metfbpw I At-ls {]m]n-p-X
- n-\p-thn At-l-ns
t`Znp s]mbvsm-n-cn-p kpjpav\ F t]cn Nn-bnepw [ym\-nepw X-c-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn hym]r-X- cm{]kn--amb \mUn, AXp-Xs C{-\m-a-n kwt_m- bn-o-c-Ww. Cu `mhs ImWn-p--Xn-\p-thn Ah[\ sN-s-Sp ]c-ta-iz-cs {]m]vXn-p hmXn-em-Ip- km\w {ipXn-bpsS hmWn-bn Ejn Xs injy-t\mSp ]dsNp-p. Ahs\ ]cta-iz-cs {]nb Fp IcpXn BZ-cn-p-Ibpw kcn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.

120

I bpp "tl {]mNo\ tbmKy, \o B {_ kzcq-]s

sNp- p.

C{]-Imcw IcpXn AXns D]m-k\ \Sq!'

Hm-as B[n-`u-XnI temI-kw-_-n-bmb ]wntbmSp \mem-as {]mW-k-ap-Zm-b-am-Ip Bym-n-I-]wnp kw_--apv; Fp-sIm-s-m Hcp temI]rYn-hy-cnw ZuZntimhm-c-Zn-ix. AKv
n \np asmcp temI-n-tebvp _w ]pep\nhm-bp-cm-Zn-Xy--{am \-{Xm-Wn. B] Huj-Xn {]mW-\mWp {]m[m-\y-ap--Xv. Cu kwKXn kwln[tbm h\-kv]-Xb BImi Bm. CXym-[n-`q-Xw.
Xm-{ ]- I - c - W - n BZyta ]d- n- c n- p- p. cmAYm-ym-w. {]mtWm hymt\m]m\ DZm\x kamasXmb tPymXn hnj-bI
- a
- mb B[n-`u-XnI ]wn\x. Npx t{im{Xw at\m hmIv XzIv. N amwkw
tbmSv Am-as IcW kap-Zmb cq]-am-Ip Bymkv\mhm-n-a-m. GX-Z-[n-hn-[mb Ejn-c-thm-N-Xv.
nI ]wnp _-ap-v. Fs- m B[n-`u-Xn-I-] mMv w hm C Zw k hw. ] mMv t s s\ h
fmb B tPymXn- p- I Cu Bym- nI tPymXn- p- I-fpsS
]mMvw kv]rtWm-Xo-Xn.
klm-b n- I - f m- I p- p. Cmcyw imkv{ X- -f n ]e
Cu A\p-hm-I-n\p cp `mK- Dv. BZy-`m-K- epw ]d-n-p-v. CXp-t]m-se-Xs aqm-as
n AXn-ap-Jy--fmb B[n- `u-Xn-I-h- kX
v p-sf temIw, qe ]Zm--fpsS B[n-`u-XnI ]wn Bdm-as
tPymXn-v, kvYq-e-]Z- m- Fo aqp ]wn-If
- n- ico-c-K-X- [m-Xp--fpsS Bym-nI ]wn-bp-ambn _embn hn`-Pn-nv Ahsb hn-p-Ibpw cm-as `mK- s-n-cn-p-p. Fp-sIm-s- m Huj-[n-cq-]nIfpw h\n apJy--fmb Bym-nI (i-co-c-n-Xw) ]Zm- kv]-Xn-cq-]n-I-fp-amb A- n\npw amwk-a-m-Zn-I
sf {]mW, Ic-Ww, [mXp Fo aqp ]wn-I- fn- embn ]pjvSn-s-Sp-Ibpw A`n-hr-n-s-Sp-Ibpw sNpp FXp
hn`-Pnv Ahsb hn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Ah-km\w {]Xy--a m-W-sm. C{]-Imcw qe-k q-va -X -Xz-sf
Ahsb D]-tbm-Kn-p--Xn-\p bpnbpw ]d-n-cn-p- {]tXyIw {]tXyIw \-Xp-t]mse a\-n-emn Ah-bpsS
p.
D]-tbmKw bYm-tbmKyw \nh-ln-p-p-sh-n a\p]rYzo-tem-Iw, A- co--tem-Iw, kz-tem-Iw, ]q jyv Fm {]Im-c-n-ep-ap D-Xnsb {]m]n-p-hm
]namZn Znp-I, Btb ss\cr- XymXn Ahm-c Znp- Ign-bp-p.
I Ch temI-ns B[n`uXnI ]wn-I, An, AjvT-am-\ p-h mIw
hmbp, kqcy, N{, \-{X- Ch tPymXn-p-IHmanXn {_. Hman-XoZw kw Hman-tXy-X-Z-\pfpsS B[n-`u-XnI ]wn, AXp-t]mse Pew, Huj-[nI,
Ir-Xnl kva hm At]ym {imh-tb-Xym-{im-h-b-n.
h\-kv]-Xn, BIm-iw, ]m-`u-Xn-I-q-e-i-cocw Ch
Hm anXn kmam\n Kmb-n. Hmw timan-Xn. ikv{XmWn
qe-P-U-]-Zm--fpsS B[n-`u-Xn-I]
- w- n-bm-Ip-p.
iwk- n. HmanXy[zcypx {]Xn-Kcw {]Xn-Kr-W m-Xn.
Cs\ Ch-sbmw IqSn-t-Xns\ B[n-`u-Xn-I-]wn
HmanXn {_m {]ku-Xn. Hman-Xy-n-tlm-{X-a-\p-PmAXm-bXv `uXn-I-]wn kaqlw Fp ]d-bp-p. CXp\m-Xn. HmanXn {_mWx {]h- y-ml {_tmt]m- se-Xs app ]d-n- p Bym-nI ico- c- ns
]m]v\ hm\o-Xn. {_ss-thm-]m-]vt\m-Xn.
Dn hkn-p ]wn-I; CXn {]mW, A]m-\,
hym\, DZm-\, kam-\ Ch {]mWs ]wnbpw
Cu A\phm-I-n ]c-ta-iz-cs "Hmw' F \mat\{Xw, a\-v, hmWn, Xzv Ch Ic-W-ka
- p-Zm-b--fpsS tmSp a\p-jyp {ibpw `nbpw Dm-pXn\p]wnbpw Nw, amwkw, \mUn, An, a Ch ico- thn HmwIm-c-ns aln-asb hn-p-p. "Hmw'
c-KX [mXp--fpsS ]wnbpw BIp-p. C{]-Imcw {][m- FXv ]c-{_- -] -c-a m- m-h ns \ma-a m-b -X p-sImp
\- -fmb B[n-`u-Xn- Ihpw Bym-n-I-hp-amb ]Zm- - kmm {_w Xs-bm- Ip- p. Fp- sIm- s- m `KfpsS {Xnhn-[-]w-n-I Na-p-hn-p-Xv ChnsS D]- hms \mahpw `K-hkz-cq]w Xs- bm-Ip-p. Cu ImWe--W-cq-]-n-em-Ip-p. AXn-\m _mn hkvXp- s-Sp Fm temI-fpw "Hmw' F B {_-ns
Ch-bn AK-X-sap [cn-psImWw. C{]-Imcw Xs qe- cq-]- am- W.v "Hmw' FXv A\p-{I-Xn-bpsS A\phn-nv {ipXn ]d-bpp: Cu ]wn-I-fn-embn hn`- tam-Z\
- -ns kqN-\-bm-Ip-p. Ftm GsX-nepw
Pnp hn-n-p ]Zm- -sfmw Xs ]wn-I-fpsS kwK-Xnsb A\p-tam-Zn-p-pthm Atm t{ijvT-]p-cp-jHcp kap-Zm-b-am-Ip-p. Chbvp ]c-kv]cw L\n-jT
v - amb \mb ]c-ta-iz-cs \ma-kz-cq-]a
- mb Cu HmwIm-cs Dkw_- -ap-v. Cu clkyw a\-n-emn AXm-bXv B[n- cnv BwKy-tmsS AXns\ A\p-tam-Zn-p-p. av A`u-XnI ]Zm- tm-Sp-IqSn Bym- nI ]Zmv c-ln-X- -fmb ]Z D-cn--s-Sp-n- . Cmcyw {]knFp _-am-Wp-Xv? F Imcyw \-Xp-t]mse a\-n- - am-Wv. injy Xs Kpcp- hn- t\mSpw AXp- t]mse t{imXmhv
emn a\p-j y Bym-n-I-i - n-bnIqSn `uXnI GsX-nepw ]WvUn-X- t\mSpw D]-tZ-is A`yn- p]Zm--fpsS hnImkw kwkn--am-p-Ibpw `uXn-I-]- tm Kpcphpw hmhpw "Hmw' Fp ]d-p-sIm-pZm--fnqSn Bym- nI insb hfp-Ibpw Xs D]-tZ-in-p-hm Bcw-`n-p-p. kma-thZw ]mSp--

k]vX - am-\ p- h mIw

121

I hcpw "Hmw' F {io]-c-ta-iz-cs \maw \mbn D-cn-nv

Kt`m-ev]m-Z\w \S-epw EXp-Im-e

- n \nb-a-{]-Imcw
kma-th-Z-nse Km\- ]mSp-p. b-I-- fn kv{Xokw-t`mKw \S-epw AXp-t]mse IpSpw-_s
ikvXi
- w-k-\m-Iw \S-p imkvXm Fp t]cp hfp- -Xn-\p D]m-b- \S-epw Cs\ Fm
v m-\- \S-n-smp
EXznp "Hmw timw' Fp ]dv imkv{X- -fpsS AXm- t{ijvT-I--fp-tSbpw A\p- jT
bXv XZznjbI-a-{--fpsS ]mT- Dcp-hn-Sp-p. b- Pohn-Ww Fv ChnsS kqNn- n-p-p. Aym-]-I-t\bpw
I- \S-n- p A[zcy Fp-t]-cp EXznpw D]-tZ-i-I-t\bpw kw_-n-n-S-tmfw Cu Fm I"Hmw' F ]c-ta-iz-cs \mas D-cn-n-p-Xs {]Xn-K- hy- - f p- s Sbpw kap-N n-X -a mb ]me\w {]tXy- I npw
c-a-{s D-cn-p-p. {_mhv (\memw EXzn-v) "Hmw' BhiyamWv; Fp- sIm- s-m Ah-cpsS BZi-sf
Fv ]c-{_ ]c-am \mas D-cn-p-sImp b- hnZymXvYnIfpw t{imXm-fpw A\p-I-cn-p-p. cYo-X- v aljn ]d-bp-Xv ""Cu Fm
Iw \S-p--Xn\v A\p-h-Zn- p-p. AXp-t]mse "Hmw' cs ]p{X kXy-hN
Fp ]d- p-sIm-p- Xs An- tlm{Xw \S- p--Xn\pw I--fnepw kXyw Xs k-t{i-jvT-am-Ipp; FpA\p-h-Zn-p-p. Ay-b\w \S-p--Xn-\p-Zyp--cmb sIm-s-m Hmtcm Ihpw kXy-`m-j-W-tm-Sbpw
{_mW {_-N m-cn-Ifpw "Hmw' F ]c-ta-i z-cs kXy-`m-h-tm-Spw- IqSn sN-s-m am{Xta bYm-cq\mas BZy-am-bp--cn-p-sImv "F\np thZw \-Xp- ]-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-bn-o-cppq'' Fm-Wv. ]pcp-in-jvSt]mse ]Tn-p-hm Ign-bs' Fp ]d-bp-p. AXm-bXv ]p-{X- \mb Xt]m-\n-Xy-a-ljn ]d-bp-Xv ""X]--cy-Xs
v -am- Ip- p. Fp-sIm-s- m X]- n \npHmw Imcw bmsXm-cp-s \maw BIp-pthm B ]c-ta- k- t{i- jT
iz-c-t\mSv Hmm-cs D-cn-p-sImv Cu {]m\ \S- Xs kXy-`m-j-WmZn kakvX [--fp-tSbpw ]me\w
p- p. "Rm thZs sshZn-I-m- \s {]m]n- pw. \S-p--Xn\pw Ah-bn Dd-p-\np--Xn\pw D
AXn-\p _pn \In-bm-epw, CXns ^e-kz-cq-]-ambn in Dm-Ipp' FmWv apZvK-e-Is ]p{X \mI-apAh thZ-s \n-t-l-ambpw {]m]n-p-p. C{]-Imcw \n-bpsS A`n-{]m-bw, "thZ-fpw [-im-k{v X-fpw ]TnCu a{- n Hmmc-ns aln-asb hn- n-cn-p-p. epw ]Tn-n-epw Xs k-t{i-jvT-am-Ip-p. FpsIm-s-m AXp-Xs X]-m-Ip-p. AXm-bXv Ch\h- am-\ p- h mIw
bn \np-X-s- bmWp X]p apX-embn Fm [-EXw N kzm[ymb {]h- N t\ N. kXyw N fp-tSbpw m\w Dm-Ip-Xv'' Fm-Ip-p. Cu Fm
kzm[ym-b-{]-h-Nt\ N. X] kzm[ym-b-{]-h-Nt\ aljn-amcpw ]d-bp-Xv bYm-am-Wv. Ah-cpsS IY-\N. Za kzm[ymb {]h-Nt\ N. A-b kzm[ym- sf D-cn-p-sImv Hmtcm I-nepw Cu aqs-b-{ ]-h-N t\ N. An-tlm{Xw N kzm[ymb {]h- n\pw {]m[m-\y-ap-s `mhw ImWn--s-n-cn-p-p.
Nt\ N AXn- Y - b kzm[ym- b - { ]- h - N t\ N. bmsXmcp Iw sN-s-Sp-p-hthm AXv ]T-\-]mTam\pjw N kzm[ymb {]h- N t\ N. {]Pm N fn \npw D]-e-_v[-amb imkv{X-m-\-n-\-\p-Iq-e-amkzm[ym-b -{]-h -N t\ N. {]P-\ - -k zm-[ ymb {]h- bn-cn--Ww. F{X-am{Xw hnLv\- Dm-bn-sm--s,
Nt\ N. {]Pm-Xn kzm[ym-b-{]-h-Nt\ N. kXy- kzw I-hy- ]m-e-\-X-]-n kZm Dd-p-Xs \npanXn kXy-h Nm cmYo-X-c x. X] CXn Xt]m-\nXyx Ibpw Hmtcm {Inb-bnepw kXy-`m- hhpw kXy-`m-j-W- ]- c-amb
]ucp-in-jvSnx. kzm[ymb {]h-Nt\ GthXn \mtIm hntij {ibpw Dm-bn-cn-p-Ibpw thWw.

auZvK-eyx. Xn X]-kvXn X]x.

Cu A\p-hm-I
- n Ay-b-\hpw Aym-]-\hpw \Sp--hsc imkv{X--fn \nt-in-n-cn-p amnqSn kzbw \o-W-sa Imcyw Hm-s-Sp-pp. CtX-Imcyw D]-tZ-i-I\pw D]-tZiw {ihn-p--h\pw
a\- n-em- -W w. Ay-b -\ hpw Aym-] -\ hpw cpw
hfsc D]-tbm-K-{]-Z-am-Wv. imkv{X--fpsS Ay-b\w
sImp-Xs a\p-jyp kzw I-hy--fp-tSbpw
Ah-bpsS hn[n-I-fp-tSbpw ^efp-tSbpw m\w DmIp- p. AXn-\m CX- \p-jvTn-p- sIm-p-Xs AtXm-Sp-IqSn
bYmtbm-Ky-amb kZm-Nm-c-]m-e\
- hpw kXy- `m-jW
- hpw
kz[ ]me-\- n kw`-hn- m-h p IjvS XIfpw
C{nbsf kzm[o-\n-epw a\-ns\ \nb-{n-epw
An-tlm-{X-n-\m-bp Ansb Pzen-n-epw AXn
lh\w \S- epw AXn-Yn-tk- h\w sNepw Fm- h-tcmSpw
a\p-tjym-Nn-X-ambn s]cp-am-depw im-kv{X-hn-[n-{]-Im-c-ap

Zi-am- \ p-h mIw

Alw hrky tccn-hm. Ionx ]rjvSw Kntccn-h . Du[z-] - h nt{Xm hmPn- \ oh kzar- X -a -k va n.
{ZhnWw k-k
- w. kpta[m Aar-tXm-nXx CXn{X-t i-tmth-Zm-\ p-h-N- \w.
{Xnip Fp-t]-cp aljn ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]nnv X\n-p-mb A\p-`-hs hnh-cn-p-p. AXn-s\s ChnsS D-cn- n-cn- p-p. {Xni- p-hns hmn{]Imcw kzw Ax-Ic
- -W-n Nnn-p--Xp-Xs ]cam {]m]vXn-p km[-\-bm-Ip-p. CXp ]d-bp--Xn-\pXs Cu A\p-hm-I-ns Bcw`w D]-tbm-Kn-p-p.
{ipXn-bpsS `mhmw CXm-W.v ""Rm {]hm-l-cq-]-n
A\m-Zn-Imew apX \ne-\n-p-t]m-cp Cu P\\ ac- W-amIp kwkmc hr-ns Dq-e\
- miw hcp-p--h\
- mIp-p. CXv Fs Ah-km-\s P-am-Ip-p. CXn-\p-

122

I tijw F\np ]p\w Dm-Ip-n-. Fs Ion-

tbm-Sp-IqSn Krl-m-{i-a-n {]th-inp kz[-sf

]- X - i n- J - c w- t ]mse D - X hpw hni m- e - h p- a m- W v . ]men- p- sImv km\ ]c-- c-Isf kwc-n- p- I. CXn\p
Atmm-Z-\- i-n-bm bp-amb kqcy-\n Fs\ tem]w hcp- -c p-X v. AXm-b Xv imkv{X-h n-[n-{]-Imcw
D-a-amb AarXw \nh-kn-p-pthm A{]-Imcw Rm\pw hnhmlw Ign [-]- Xv\n- tbm-Sp-IqSn EXp- Im-e- n \nbv np km-t\mm-Z-\hnip cmK-tZm-jm-ZnIfm kYm ap\pw Aa-c-kz- a-{]-Im-c-ap kl-hmkw A\p-jT
cq-]-\p-am-Ip-p. CXp IqSmsX Rm {]Im-i-bp--[-\- Iw A\m-k-n-]qw \S-p-I. \o Hcn-epw kXyns `WvUm-Km-chpw ]c-am-\-- cq-]-am- Ip Aar- X-n n\npw hyXn-N-en--cpXv; AXm-bXv Ifn-X- am-i-bnepw
\na-\pw t{ijvT-amb [mc-Wm-bp--_p-n-bm k- hy-amb Imcy--fnepw hmWn-bpsS insb \jvS-s\pw BIp-p.'' CXv {Xni-p-a-ljn-bpsS thZm-\p-hN
- -\- Sp--cp-Xv. ]cn-lm-k-sa \mSy-n Hcn-epw Ifhp ]d-fm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv m\-{]m-]vXn-p-tijw hy-am- b- cp- Xv. C{]-Imcw Xs [-]m-e-\- -fn sXp {]hn-cpXv; AXm-bXv Fs-nepw \mSy-ntem Ae-k-X-s Bm-hns DZvKm-c-am-Ip-p.
bmtem [s Ah- t l- f n- - c p- X v . euIn- I hpw
a\p-jy GXp {]Im-c-n- ep `mh\ sNp-pthm
imkv{Xohpw Bbn I-hy-cq-]-n e`y-am-Ip F{XAXp `mh-\-b-\p-k-cnp kw`-hn-p-p. Ahs kev]sb{X ip`-I--fptm Ahsb Hcn-epw XyPn-pn CXv A]qhpw B-cy-P-\-I-hp-amb in-bm-IpItbm Ah-bn Dt] hnNm-cn-p-Itbm sN-cp-Xv. adnv
p. AXn-\m bmsXmcp a\p-jy Xns D]-cypbYm-tbmKyw Ahsb A\p-jvTn- p-sIm-p-Po-hn--Ww. [\-amb `mh- \-bpsS A`ymkw \S-p-pthm Ah \nk-p hn-n-p-h euIn-tIm--Xn-I-fpsS km[-\b-ambpw A-s\-X- s-bm-bn-o-cpw. Fm Cu km[Isf kw_-npw DZm-ko\ at\m-`mhw kzoI-cn--cp-Xv.
\-bn ]q-amb {i-bpsS Bhiyap-v. `mh-\--\pCXn-\p-th-nbpw hm-{i-am-\p-Iq-e--fmb {]h-\k-c -W -amb KpWw hcmsX Almcw hp `hn- A\p-jvTn--Ww. apJy hnjbfmb ]Tnepw ]TnbmsWn \miw-Xs kw`-hn-p-p. Cu thZ-h-N-\-n-epw Ahsb Hcn-epw Ah-tl-fn-p- Itbm aSn-sImfpsS cl- kys icnpw a\-n-emn AXns\ Nnn-ppt]np-Itbm sN-cp-X.v C{]-Im-cw-Xs An-tlmI-bm-sW-n Almc-s--n-bp Bi-bvt Ah{Xhpw bm-Zn-I-fpsS A\p-jT
v m-\-cq-]--fmb tZh-Im-cyIm- i-an-.
fpw {im X-WmZn ]nXr-Im-cy-fpw \S-p--Xn
GIm-Z-i m-\ p-h mIw
Be-kytam Ah-tl-f-\m-]-c-amb {]am-Ztam kw`-hn--cp-X.v

thZ-a-\ q-Nym-Nmtcymthm-k n\ a\p-im-kvXn.

kXyw hZ. [w Nc. kzm[ym-bmm {]a-Zx. BNmcymb {]nbw [\-am-lrXy {]Pm-Xpw am hyh-tox. kXym {]a-Zn-X-hyw. [m {]a-Zn-X-hyw.
Ipi-e m {]a-Zn-X -h yw. `pssXy \ {]a-Zn-X -h yw.
kzm[ym-b-{]-h -N\
- m`ymw \ {]a-Zn-Xh
- yw. tZh-]n-XrIm-cym`ymw \ {]a-Zn-X-hyw.
Krl- Xs PohnXw Fs\ Bhn-j v -c nWw; Cmcyw {Kln-n-p--Xn\p thn Cu A\phmIw Bcw-`n-p-p. BNm-cy injys\ thZ-ns
Ay- b \w \- X p- t ]mse \S- np kam- h \
kwkvm-c-k-abw Krl-m-{i-a-n {]th-in-nv Krl- [-sf ]men-p-- Xn- \p hnZy \Ipp ]p{X,
\o Ftmgpw kXyw kwkm-cn--Ww, B]p kw`-hnmtmepw Is Hcn-epw icWw {]m]n--cp-Xv.
Xs hm-{i-a-n- \-\p-Iq-ea
- mbn imkv{X-k--X--fmb
[-sf A\p-jT
v n-p-I. kzm-[ym-bt- msS AXm-bXv
thZm-`ym-kt- m-Sp-IqSn kym-h
- -\hpw Kmb-{Xo-P-]hpw
`K-h-ma KpW-Io-\-fpw \Sn \nXy-Ifn
Hcn-epw {]amZw hcp-m-Xn-cn-pI AXm-bXv Hcn-epw
Ahsb A\m-Zc
- -thm-Sp-IqSn \S-m-Xn-cn-p-I. Be-kywaqew \S-m-cn-p-Ibpw sN-cp-Xv. Kpcp-hn\p Zn- Wm-cq]- n At-l-ns cpNn--\p-k-c-W-amb [\w sImp
hv t{]a-]qw \evIp-I. ]ns At-l-ns B-

amXr-tZthm `h. ]nXr-tZthm `h. BNm-cy-tZthm

`h. AXn-Yn-tZthm `h. bm\y-\h
- -Zym\n IamWn
Xm\n tkhn-Xh
- ym-\n. t\m CX-cm-Wn. bm\y-kvamIw
kpN-cnXm\n Xm\n Xztbm-]m-ky-\m-\n. t\m CX-cmWn. tb tI Nmkva- vtd-b mwtkm {_m-t Wmx.
- yw. {itbm
tXjmw Xzbmkt\\ {]iz-kn-Xh
tZbw. A{i--bm-tZ-bw. {inbm tZbw. lvdnbm-tZ-bw.
`nbm tZbw. kwhnZm tZbw.
]p{X, \o amXm-hn-t\bpw ]nXm-hn-t\bpw Kpcp-hn-t\bpw
AXn-Yn-tbbpw tZh-Xpeyw IcpXWw. Cu \mep-t]-tcbpw
Cuiz-cs {]Xn-aqn-sbp IcpXn {i-tbmSpw `ntbmSpw Ch-cpsS Bsb ]menpw \a-k
v -cnpw Pohnp-I. Chsc Ftmgpw Xs hn\-b]
- q-amb \S-]-Sn-Ifm {]k--cm-n-op-I. temI-n-ep \ntm-j-fmb Fm I--tfbpw \o tkhn--Ww. Ah-bn
\npw hncp--ambn tZmj-bp--fpw \njn---fp-amb
I-sf ad-nv kz]v\-ntmepw Ahsb BNcn--cp-Xv. \psS kzw-Kpcp P\--fpsS BNm-c-hy-h-lmc--fn D-a-fpw alm-m--fm A\p-tam-Zn--s-np--h-bp-amb BN-c-W-sf kw_- nv bmsXm-cp-hn-[n-ep- ap i-In- S-an-m--hsb \n A\p-I-cn-Ww. bmsXm-ns\ kw_-nv Aev]-sa-nepw i-bp-mIp-pthm AXns\ Hcn-epw A\p-I-cn-p-hm ]mSn-.
bmsXm-cp- Bsc-nepw t{ijvT hb-nepw hnZy-

123

I bnepw X]-nepw BN-c-W- -fnepw D-X Bbn-p--

-h\pw Fm-h-tcmSpw kvt\l-a-ba

- mb s]cp-am--tm-Sph XYm {_m-WmZn ]qPy, hon BK-X- \m-Ip-I-bm- Iq-Sn-b-h\pw AXp-t]mse GI-am-{X-amb [-]m-e-\-n
sW- n B Bfns\ ]mZyw ALyw Bk\w apX-em-bh B{K-l-aph\p-amb hnZzm-\p-amb {_m-W F{]-Imcw
\In Fm {]Im-c-nepw _lp-am-\n-p-Ibpw bYm- C- s\-bp Imcy- {]hn- p-pthm AXp-t]m-setbmKyw tkh\w sNp-Ibpw thWw. Xs in--\p- Xs \nfpw BN-cn--Ww. A-s\-bp Ah-k-ck-c- W-amb Zm\w sNp-- Xn\pw \n DZm-c-]q-I- ambn n At-l-ns D]-tZ-i-a-\p-k-cnpw At-l-ns
X-c-cm-bn-cn--Ww. Fs-nepw \Ip-I-bm-sW-n BZi- a -\ p-k -c npw Ahsb A\p-K -a n- -W w. CXp
AXv _lp-am-\-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cn--Ww. {im-]q-a- IqSmsX Hcp-h GsX-nepw tZmj-m If--s-p-t]mmsX bmsXmpw \Ip-hm ]mSn- . Fp- sIm-s- m sb-n Ah-t\mSv Fs\ s]cp-am-dWw F hnj-bA{i--tbmsS \I-s-Sp Zm\m-Zn-I- Ak- nepw \nv Hcp hnj- am- h Dm-Ip-I-bm-sW-n
mbn ]cn- K - W n- - s - S p- p. hn\-b - t msS Zm\w \nv kzw _pn-bm Hcp Xocp-am-\-n-se-psNWw; AXm-bXv Fm k-p-Ifpw `K-hm-t-Xm-Ip- hm km[n-p-nsn apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p hn[p. Rm\-Xns\ Ft- sXp Icp-Xpp Fn AXv AXy- n- ep alm- m-cmb BfpI Ah-t\mSp Fns\ s]cp[nIw A]-cm-[-am-Ip-p. AXns\ Fm Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw am-dp-thm A-s\-Xs \nfpw {]hn--Ww. AhlrZ-b-n nXn-sN-p `K-hms tkh-\-n-\mbn cpsS \S-]-Sn-I Cm-cy-n {]am-W-am-Ip-p.
Nne-h-gn-t-Xv Fs I- hy-am-Ip-p. Rms\-p- am{Xw
imkv{X- ns B- -imkv{Xw ]ngn- s- Sp kv
sImSp-mepw AXv Aev]-am- {Xta BIp-p-q. C{]-Imcw
CXp-X-s-bm-Ip-p. Kpcp--mcpw amXm-]n-Xm-fpw XNnnp hfsc Ffn-a-tbm-Sp-IqSn \I-Ww. a\-n Zm\nfpsS i njy- mpw km- \ - pw \Ip
bm- sW Al-mcw hcp-hm-\-\p-h-Zn--cp-X.v Fm- bn-Spw
D]tZi Fm thZ- -fp- sSbpw cl- ky-amb CXp-X- sFm-nepw `K-hm nXn-sN-p-p. AXn-\m Zm\w
bm-I p- p. am{X- a - , \nb- a hpw CXp-X -s -b m-I p- p.
kzoI-cn-p--Xp-Xs At-l-ns Ir]-sbm-p-am{Xw
Cuizcs Bbpw ]c--cm-K-X-amb D]-tZ-i--fpsS
Fp hnNm-cnp `K-hm-t\mSp `bm-\zn-X-\mbn Zm\w \I\mahpw Cu \nbaw Xs-bm-Ip-p. AXn-\m \n
Ww. ""R Nnesmw D]-Imcw sNpp'' Fp
CXp-t]m- se-bp I-hy-fpw kZm-Nm-c-fpw ]men-p`mh-tm-Sp-I q-Sn, Al-m-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn, Ahn-\-b-ambn
sIm- - Ww.
bmsXmcp Zm\hpw sN-cp-X.v Fm bmsXmv \mw Zm\cq-]-n \Ip-pthm AXp hnth-I-tmSpw AXns ZzmZ- im- \ p-h mIw
]cn-Wm-as a\-n-em-nbpw \njvm-a-`-h-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb
iw t\m an{Xx iw hcp-Wx. iw t\m `h-Xz-cy-am.
I-hy-sap Icp-Xnbpw Bbn-cn--Ww. C{]-Imcw \evI- iw \ Ct{m _rl-kv]X
- nx. iw t\m hnjvWp-cp-cps-Sp Zm\w `K-h{]o-Xn-mbn awK-f-ns km[-\-bm- {I-ax. \tam {_-tW. \akvtX hmtbm. Xztah
bn-o-cp-hm CS-bm-Ip-p. AXp-Xs A-b-^-es {]Xyw {_m-kn. Xzmtah {]Xyw {_m-hm{]Zm\w sNp--Xm-Ip-p.
Zn-jw. EX-a-hm-Zn-jw. kXy-a-hmZnjw. Xm-am-ho-Xv.

AY bZn tX I-hn-Nn-Inm hm hr-hn-NnInm hm kymXv tb X{X {_mWmx kin\x. bpm Bbp-mx. Aepm [-Imamx kyp;
bYm tX X{X h-tc. XYm X{X htYmx.
AYm`ymJymtXjp. tb X{X {_Wmx kin\x. bpm Bbpmx Aepm [-Imamx kypx,
bYm tX tXjp-h-tcx XYm tXj-ht-Ymx.
Gj BtZix. Gj D]-tZix Gjm thtZ-]-\n-jXv. GX-Z\pimk-\ w. Gh-ap-] m-k n-X hyw! Ghap
ssNX-Zp- ]m-k yw.

XZz-m-c-am-ho-Xv. Bho-mw. Bho-Zz-m-cw.

Hmw imnx ! imnx !! imnx !!!
inm-h
- n-bpsS Cu An-am-\p-hm-I-n `n-`n-i-nIfpsS A[n-jvTm-Xm-hmb ]c-ta-iz-c-t\mSp `n`n-\m-a-nepw cq]-nepw At-ls kvXpXn-p-sImv
{]m-\m-]qw \n {]I-Sn-n-p-p. B[n-ssZ-hn-Ihpw
Bym-n-Ihpw B[n-`u-Xn-I-hp-amb in-I-fpsS cq]nepw AXp-t]mse Ah-bpsS A[n-jvTm-\-tZ-hX
- -I-fmb
an{X hcp- W apX- emb tZh- X-I- fpsS cq]-nepw bmsXmcp- AJn- e
- n- tbpw Bmhpw A-cym-an-bp-am-bncn-p ]c-ta-iz-c-\m-bn-cn-p-pthm Atlw Fm-{]-Imc- nepw \app Ieym- W-a-b-\mbn `hn-s \psS DXn-bpsS am-n bmsXm-cp-hn-[-n-ep hnLv\
-
kw`-hn-p-hm A\p-h-Zn-m-Xn-cn--s. \nJn-e-nsbpw
A-cym-an-bmb {_s \a-k
v -cn-p-p.

Ch-sbmw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cp-npw \nv GsXnepw Hc-h- k-c-n kz I-hys \n-bn- pXn\v

hnjaw t\cn-Sp-Itbm kzw _pn-bn Hcp Xocp-am-\-nse-p--Xn\p km[n-msX hcn-Itbm \n InwIhy-hn-aq-V-\m-bn-o-cp-Itbm BsW-n A-s\- bp
Ah--bn \ Nnm-K-Xn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bh
- \pw DNn-X-C{]-Imcw imn-p-thn ]c-am-m-hn-t\mSp {]mnfmb \ D]-tZ-i- \Ip--h\pw k--fnepw
np
kq{Xm-m-hmbn {]mW-cq-]-n Fm Pohn-I-fnepw
kZm-Nm-c--fnepw X-c-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn hym]r-X-\m-bn-cn-p-

124

I hym]n-n-cn-p ]c-ta-iz-cs\ hmbp-hns \ma-n

kvXpXn-pp ""tl k-i-n-am, Fmntbpw
{]mW-cq-]a
- mb hmbp-ab ]c-ta-iz-c, Asb \akv-cnp-p. Ap-Xs Fm {]mWn-I-fp-tSbpw {]mW-kz-cq]-amb {]Xy {_-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m Rm A-sbs {]Xy--ssZ-ha
- -sap ]dp hnfn-p-p. Rm
EXw F \ma-nepw Asb hnfn-p-p. Fp-sIms-m Fm Pohn-Ip-ambn bmsXmv Ieym-W-Imcn-bmb \nb-a-am-bn-cn-p-pthm B \nb-a-cq-]a
- mb EX
(Cuizc-\n-b-a)ns A[n-jvTm-Xmhpw Ap Xs-bmIp-p. am{X-a-, Rm kXyw F t]cnepw Asb
kwt_m-[\w sNpp; Fp-sIm-s-m, "kXy' (bYm-`m-j-W)-ns A[n-jT
v m-\-tZ-h-Xbpw Ap-X-sbm-Ip-p-h-sm. k-hym-]nbpw A-cym-an-bp-amb ]c-taiz-c kZm-Nm-chpw kXy-`m-j-Whpw kZvhnZy {]m]n-p-Xn-\p in F\nv {]Zm\w sNbvXv P\-\a
- -c-W-amIp Cu kwkm- c-N-{I-n\npw Fs cn-p-Ibpw
AXp-t]mse Fs BNm-cy\v Fm D]-tZ-i-fpw \In
Fm-bn-Spw B kXys {]N-cn-n-p--Xn-\p in
{]Zm\w sNbvXv At-ls cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-pp. ChnsS "Fs cn-n-cn-p-p, Fs BNm-cys\
cn-n-cn-pp' Cu hmIy--fpsS Bh-\-ns
Bi-bw-in-m-h-n-bpsS kam-]X
v nsb kqNn-n-p-p.

{]Y-am- \ p-hmIw

{_-hn-Zm-]vt\mXn ]cw. XtZ-jm-`yp-m.

{_ m\n-bmb alm-mhv ]c-{_-s {]m]npp; Cmcyw Adn-bn- p- -Xn\pw apn hcp {ipXn
]d-b-s- Sp-p.

kXyw m\-a-\w {_. tbm thZ \nlnXw

Kplmbmw ]cta thyma. tkmiv\ptX khm
Imam kl {_mWm hn]-n-tX-Xn.

Cu a{- n ]c- {_ ]c- am- m-hns kzcq] t_m[I- amb e- W-sf ]d-nv At-l-ns {]m]vXn-m\s hnv At- l- ns {]m]vXn- sIm- p ^ehpw
hnh-cn-p- p. ]c-{_ ]c-am- mhpw kXy-kz-cq-]-\m-sWv
Bi-bw. "kXy' i_vZw ChnsS \nXy-X-bpsS t_m[s
Df-hm-p-p. AXm-bXv B ]c-{_w \nXy kv BIpp. bmsXmcp Ime-nepw AXn\v A`mhw Dm-Ip-n-.
AXp-t]mse Atlw m\-kz-cq-]\pw BIp-p. Atl- n Am\w eh-teiw t]mepw C. Atlw A\- am-Ip-p. AXm-bXv tZi-n\pw Ime-n\pw AXo-X- \mIpp ko amc-ln-X-\m-Ip-p. B {_w AXn-hn-ip-amb BIm-i-n hkn-p-sIm-n-cp-npw Fm-h-cptSbpw lrZ-bK
- p-l-I-fn Hfn-n-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
B ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ bmsXmcp km[-I XXz-tmHmw imnx imnx imnx C{]- Imcw aqp {]mhiyw Sp-IqSn a\-n-em-p-pthm Ah Fm-tbpw \m-b"imn' ]Zs D-cn-p--Xns `mhmw B[n-`u- dn-bp--h-\mb B {_-tm-Sp-IqSn hkn-p-sImv Fm
Xn-Ihpw B[n-ssZ-hn-Ihpw Bym-n-I-hp-ambn aqp hn[- {]Im-c-n-ep-ap t`mK-sf Aeu-In-I-am-b-co-Xn-bn
n-ep hnLv\
- v kYm D]-i-a\w Dm-Is A\p-` -h n- p-Ibpw sNp-p. Cu {_m-WvU-n
F- Xm-Wv. `K-hm imn- kz-cq- ]-\mIpp. AXn- \m At- bmsXmv PU-tN-X-\m-cq-]-amb PK- m-bn-cn-p-pthm
l-ns kvac-W-bn \npw Fm {]Im-c-n-epap AXv Cuiz-c-\m ]cn-]q-am-bn-cn-p-p. B Cuiz-cs\
imn kp\nnX-am-Ip-p.
Xns hkn-n- p-sImv AXm-b Xv \nc-cw
Nnnp sImp-Xs hkn-n-p-sImv AXm-bXv \nc{_m-\ - - h n
cw Nnn-p-sIm-p-Xs XymK-]qw Ah-iy-hn-j-bimn- ] mTw
sf tkh\w sN-Ww. bmsXm-cp-]t- Ziw km[-I\
- pthn
\Is

nc
n
p
pthm
Amcyw
Xs
ChnsS
Hmw kl \mh-h-Xp. kl \u `p\pw klhocyw Ic-hm-h-ssl. tXPkzn \mh-[o-X-a-kvXp. am kn-m-cmb alm-m--fpsS nXn-sb-n ]d-bp--Xn\v
{]tbm-Kn-n-cn-p-p. "Ah {_-tm-Sp-IqSn Fm
hnZznjm hssl.
t`mKfpw A\p-`- hn-pp' ]c- am-m- hns\ {]m]n knHmw imnx ! imnx !! imnx !!!
cmb ]pcp-j-m C{n-b- hgn-bmbn _mly- hn- j- b- sf
tl ]c-a m- , Ap Kpcp-i n-j y-c mb Rsf A\p-`-hn-p-sImv kzbw ]c-am-m-hnXs nXn-sNFtmgpw Fm {]Imc-nepw cn-mepw! Rsf p-p. Ahs a\-,v _pn, C{n-b--fpsS {]h-\Ftmgpw kap-N n-X -amb cq]- n ]cn-] m-e n- m-e pw. Ch apJm-n-c-ap-m-Ip Fm tNjvS-Ifpw ]c-amRv Fm-hn[ in-Ifpw {]Zm\w sNbvXm-epw. m-hn nXn-s N-b vXp-sIm- p-X s kw`-h n- p- p.
R A`y-kn hnZy tXPx-]q-am-bn-cn--tW. Hcn- BfpIfpsS ImgvN-bn Bh-iy-a-\p-k-cnv bYm-tbmKyw
epw BtcmSpw hnZy-bn Rp ]cm-Pbw kw`-hn- hnjbsf C{n-b-Zzmcm A\p-`-hn-p ka-bpw
m-Xn-cn--tW. R Pohn-X-Imew ]cm-Pbw kw`-hn-m- Ah ]c-am-m-hn\npw Hcp W-t\-c-t-bvpXn-cn--tW. R Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h ]c-kv]cw t]mepw thhn-p-\np- n-. AXn-\m kZm Fm Ikvt\l-kq-{X-m _-cm-bn-cn--tW. R-fpsS Dn -fn\npw \nte-]-ambn hkn-p-p. Cu `mhw ImWnHcn-epw ]c-kv]-c-hn-tZzjw Dm-Im-Xn-cn--tW. tl ]c- p--Xn-\p-thn "hn]-nXm {_mWm kl km
Imam Aiv\ptX' Fp ]d-bs
- -Sp-p. C{]-Imcw Cu
am-. aqp Xm]-pw \nhr-n-bp-m--W-ta.

125

I {ipXn ]c-{_--ns kzcq-]hpw AXp-t]mse AXns

Aw- sIm-p-Xs Ah-bpsS ]me-\hpw t]mj-Whpw \Sp-p. AXn-\m Aw-sIm-p-Xs Ah Pohn-pp.

m\-ns aln-abpw Adn-bn-p--Xm-Ip-p.
]noSv Ah-km\w Cu A-ns As
kw_w B ]c-{_--]-c-am-mhv F{]-Imcw Fs\D- hn-n-p `qan-bnXs hneo-\- am-bn-o-cp- p. Fm
bp Kpl-bn Hfn-n-cn-pp; At-ls Fs\
Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw P\-\hpw Pohn-Xhpw ac-Whpw qe-iXncn--dn-bWw Cu B{K-l-\n-hr-n-p-thn ASp
co-c-ns kw_--n \npw D-hn-p-p. Aw{]I-cWw Bcw-`n-p-p.
sImp Pohn- p-p. AXp- t]mse A- ns D- h- mXkvamZzm GX-kvam-Zm-\ BImix kw`q-X x. \-amb `qan-bn hnebpw {]m]n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. CXmBIm-im-Zzm-bpx. hmtbm-c-nx. At-cm-]x. AZv`yx Wn-Xns Xm-cyw. B ico-c
- n hkn-p Pohm]rYn-h n. ]rYnhym Hmj-[ -b x. Hmj-[ ot`ymw. mhv A-n ebn-p-tN-cp-n; Ah-sb-m-am-Is
Am-Xv]p-cp-jx. k hm Gj ]pcptjmc ka- arXyp-Im-e-n {]mW-t\m-Sp-IqSn Cu ico-c-n \npw
bx. Xtkym-Zt- a-h-in-cx. Abw-Z-nWx ]x. Ab- ]pd- sp ap ico- c- n-tep amdn-tm-Ip- p. C{]-Imcw Cu
ap--cx-]-x. Ab-am-m. CZw ]pw {]Xn-jvTm. Aw Fm PohnIfptSbpw D-h
- ns Imc-W-am-IpXZ-t]yj tmtIm `h-Xn.
p. CXn Fmw ASnbn-cn-p-p. BI-bm CXpCu a{-n a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-am-Ip Kplsb hn- Xs Fm-nepw t{ijvTw. AXn-\m CXp ku-j[
p- -Xn- \p Dt-i-tm- Sp- IqSn BZyw a\p- jy- i- co- c- ns cq]-sap ]d-b-s-Spp; Fp-sIm-s-m CXn
D-n-{I-as kwt- ]-ambn ]d-nv AXns Ah- PohnIfpsS p[m-P-\ y-a mb km]w \in- p- p.
b-h-sf ]n-If
- psS AwK--fmbn hn`m-h\w sNp-p. bmsXmcp km[-I Cu As {_-cq-]-n D]mAJn-e-n-tbpw Bmhv A-cym-an-bmb ]c-am-m- hn kn- p-pthm Ah kakvX A-tbpw {]m]n-p- p.
\npw BZy-ambn BIm-i-X-Xz-n D-hnp Fp Ah\v CjvSw-t]mse Aw e`y- am-Ip-p. AXns A`mhw
kmcw. BIm-i - n \npw hmbp-X - X zhpw hmbp- Hcn-epw Dm-Ip-n-. Cu Aw Xs Fm `qX-hn\npw An-X- Xzhpw An-bn \npw Pe-X-Xzhpw fnepw k-t{i-jvT-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m CXv ku-j-[-a- -Sp-Xp kYm kXyw Xs-bm-Ip-p.
Pe-n\npw ]rYznbpw D-hn-p. ]rYzn-bn\npw b-sap ]d-bs
Fm
PohnI
fpw
A-n\npw D-hn-p-Ibpw Aw\m\m-{]-Im-c-n-ep Hmj-[n-Ifpw [m\y-s-Sn-Ifpw AhsImp
hfc
pI
bpw Ah-bpsS Ah-b-h-]pjvSn Awbn \npw a\p-jyp Blm-chpw D-hn-p. B
sImp
kw`h
n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Fm Pohn-Ifpw
A- n\npw Cu qe-a-\p-jy-i-coc ]pcp-j\pw
Dm-bn. A-c-k-n \npw Dmb a\pjy-i-co-c-[m- CXns\ `n-p-Ibpw AXp-t]mse Fm Pohn-I-tfbpw
cn-bmb ]pcp-js\ ]n-bpsS cq]-tm-Sp-]-an-n-cn-p-p. CXp `n-p-Ibpw sNbvXv Xn-te-bvp-Xs hen-s-SpCXns inc-ns\ ]n- bpsS inc- tmSpw CS-p-`p-Ps p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXn-\m ""AZy-tX, An N CXn
CS-p-]
- -tmSpw D]-an-p-p. he-Xp-`pPw he-Xp-]- Aw'' F hypev] - n-b -\ p-k -c nv CXns \maw
hpw ico-c-ns a[y-`mKw ]n-bpsS ico-c
- ns Asambn-cn-p-p.
a[y-`m-Khpw BIp-p. cp-]m-Z-fpw ]n-bpsS ImepXkv a mZzm GX- k v a m- Z- - c - k - a - b m-Z t\ymc
am-Ip-p. A-ns aln-asb hn-p-sImpXm- Bm {]mW-a-bx. tXss\j ]qx. k hm Gj
Ipp ASp a{w.
]pcp-j-hn[ Gh. Xky ]pcp-j-hn-[-Xm-a-\zbw ]pcp-

ZznXo-b m-\ p- h mIw

A ms sZz {] Pmx {]Pm- b - t .bmx Im
]rYnhow {ioXmx. AtYm At-s s\h Poh-n.
AssY\- Z - ] n- b - y- - X x. Aw ln `qXm\mw
tPyjvTw. Xkvam-hu-j-[-ap-Ny-tX. kw ssh
tXam-]v\p-h- ntbw {_tm-]m-k-tX. Aw
ln `qXm\mw tPyjvTw. Xkvam-hu-j-[-ap-Ny-tX.
Am-Zv`q-Xm\n Pmb-t. PmXm-\y-t\ h[-t.
AZytXn N `qXm-\n. Xkvam-Zm\w XZp-NyX CXn.

j-hn-[x. Xky {]mW Gh incx. hymt\m Zn-Wx

]x. A]m\ Dcx ]x. BImi Bm.
]rYnho ]pw {]Xn-jvTm. XZ-t]yj tmtIm `hXn.

ZznXo-bm-\p-hm-I-nse Cu cmw Awi-n {]mWa-b-amb ico-cs hn-n-cn-p-p. ]qtm--amb

A- c-k-n \npw D-hn-n-p qe ico-c- n
\npw `n-ambn AXns Dn nXn-sN-p asmcp
ico-c-ap-v. AXns t] "{]mW-abw' Fm-Ip-p. {]mWa-b-t-m A-a-bi
- -cocw ]q-am-Ip-p. A-a-bCu a{- n A- ns alna hn- -s-n-cn- p- amb qe ico-c- s- m kqva-am- b-Xp-Im-cWw {]mWp. Cu ]rYzn-bn F{Xtbm Pohn-I hkn-p-p. Ah- ab icocw CXns AwK-{]-Xyw-K--fn hym]n-n-cn-psbmw A-n \npw D-hn-n-cn-p-p. A- p. Cu {]mW-a-b-i-co-chpw ]pcp-jm-Im-c-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xns ]cn-Wm-a-cq-]a
- mb cP- n\npw hocy-n t{X. A- ab ico-c-ns ]pcp-jm-Im-cXzw {]kn--am-W.v
\npw Ah-bpsS icocw Dm-bn- cn-p-p. AXn\p tijw AXn A\p-K-X-am-bX
- n-\ms Cu {]mW-a-b-ic
- o-

126

I chpw ]pcp-jm-Im-c-sap ]d-bs- -Sp-p. AXns\ ]nbpsS cq]-n hn`m-h\w sNp--Xn-{]-Im-c-am-Ipp

{]mWXs AXns incv; Fp-sIm-s- m icoc-ns Ah-b-h-b--fn akvXIw F{]-Imcw t{ijvTam-bn-cn-p-pthm AXp-t]m-se-Xs ]-{]m-W--fn
apJy-{]m-W Xs k-t{i-jvTa
- m-bn-cn-p-p. hym\
he-Xp-Nn-dIpw A]m-\ CS-Xp-Nn-dIpw BIp-p. BImis AXm-bXv A-co--n hym]n-p-In-S-p
hmbp-hn-s\-tmse k-i-co-c-hym-]n-bmb "kam-\-hmbp'
Bm-hm-Ipp; Fp-sIm-s-m AXp-Xs icocw
apgp-h kam\ cq]-n ckw Fnv Fm {]mW-ab
ico-c--tfbpw ]pjvSn-s-Sp-p-p. CXns m\w icoc-ns a[y-`m-K-am-Wv. AXp-t]mse CXn\v _mlym-Im-ihp-ambn kw_-- ap-v.
Cu {]mWs aln-am-hn-j-I-ambn ]d-bs
- -Sp a{amWv C\n-bp--Xv.

XrXo- b m- \ p-hmIw
{]mWw tZhm A\p {]mW-n. a\pjymx ]ih tb. {]mtWm ln `qXm-\ m-a m-b px. Xkv amhm-bp-j -ap-Ny-tX. k-tah X Bbpbn
tb {]mWw {_tm-]m-k-tX. {]mtWm ln `qXm-\mam-bpx. Xkvam-hm-bp-j-ap-Ny-X CXn. Xsskyj
Gh imcoc Bm bx ]q-ky.
aqm-a-\p-hm-I-nse Cu BZymwin {]mWs
aln-a sb hn- p {ipXnsb Dt-J \w sNbvX Xn\ptijw Cu {]mW-a-b- i-co-c-nse A- cym-an- bmb ]cta-iz-cs\ ey-am-n-bn-cn-p-p. F{X-am{Xw tZh-X-Ifpw
a\p-jycpw arK--fp-ambn ico-c-[m-cn-I-fmb Pohn-I-fptm
Ah-sbmw {]mWs klm-bw-sImp am{Xw Pohn-pp. {]mW-s\-q-SmsX bmsXm-n-tbpw icocw \ne\np-n-. Fp-sIm-s-m, {]mWXs Fm
Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw Bbpv Poh BIp-p. AXn-\m
Cu {]mWs\ "khmbpjw' Fp hnfn-p-p. bmsXmcp
km[- I "CXp Pohn-I-fpsS Bbp-m- Ip- p, AXn-\m CXv
Fm-h-cp-tSbpw Poh As-n Bbpv Fp ]d-bs-Spp' Fp hniz-knv Cu {]mWs\ _mly-cq-]-n
D]m-k\ sNp-pthm Ah ]q-amb Bbp-ns\
{]m]n-p-p. bmsXmcp km-m-hmb ]c-ta-iz-c Ans ck- m Dm- - s qe- i-co-c-[m-cn- bmb ]pcpjs A-cm-m-hm- bn-cn-p- pthm Atlw Xs {]mWa-b-\mb ]pcp-js ico-cm-hnbpw A-cym-an-bpamb Bm-hm-bn-cn-p-p.

Xkv a mZzm GX- k v a m- X v {]m-W - a -b m-Z t\ymc

Bm at\m-a-bx. tXss\j ]qx. k hm Gj
]pcp-j-hn[ Gh. Xky ]pcp-j-hn-[-Xm-a-\zbw ]pcpj-hn-[x. Xky bPp-tch incx. EKvZ-nWx ]x.

kmtam-cx ]x. BtZi Bm. AYhm-MvKnckx ]pw {]Xn-jvTm. XZ-t]yj tmtIm `h-Xn.

ChnsS at\m-a-b]
- pcpjs\ hn-n-cn-p-p. BZyw
]d {]mW-ab ]pcp-j-\n\npw `nhpw AXn-s\m kqvahpw Bb-Xp-Im-cWw AXns Dn hknp-Xp asmcp ]pcp-j-\m-Ip-p. AXns \ma-am-Ipp
""at\m-a-b''. B at\m-a-b-\m Cu {]mW-ab icocw
]q-am-Ip-p. AXm-bXv AXv Cu {]mW-ab ico-c-n
k{X hym]n-n-cn-p-p. B at\m-ab ico-chpw ]pcpjs BIm-c-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn- b-Xm-Ip-p. {]mW- a-b- ]p-cp-j- \n
A\p-K-X-\m-b-Xn-\ms Cu at\m-ab icocw ]pcp-jk-am-\-amb BIm-c- tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-Ip-p. AXns\ ]nbpsS cq]-n C{]-Imcw hn`m-h\w sNpp B at\mab ]pcp-js incv bPpth-Z-am-Ip-p. EtKzZw heXp
NndIpw kma-thZw CSXp Nnd-Ip-am-Ip-p. BtZiw (hn-[nhm-Iyw) ico-c
- ns a[y-`m-Khpw AXp-t]mse AYmhv, AwKn-cv Fo aljn-am-cm Zin--s AYth-Z-a-{w-Xs hmepw B[m-chpw BIp-p.
bm-Zn-I--fn bPpth-Z-nse a{-p
{]m[m- \y-ap-v. CXp IqSmsX bmsXm- nse A- c-v
bmsXmcp n]vX-kw-Jybpw Cm-Xn-cn-p-pthm bmsXmns ]mZ-]qnp bmsXmcp \nn-X-\n-ba
- --fp-an-mXn-cn- p-pthm A-s\- bp a{- sf "bPpthZ' On AK-X-am-bn--cp-Xp-p. Cu \nbaw A\p-k-cnv
GsX- n-e p-samcp sshZn-I -h m-Iytam AYhm a{tam
""kzmlm'' ]Zw Ay-n tNv An-bn BlpXn
kan-m B hmIy-ttbm a{-ttbm bPpv
Fp ]d-bpw. C{]-Imcw bPpa-{-Zzm-cm-Xs Anv
lhnv An--s-Sp--Xn-\m AhnsS bPpv {][m-\am-Ip-p. AwK--fn incpw {]m[m-\y-aln-p--Xpt]mse bPpth-Zs incpw Fp ]d-bp-XpNnX- ambn-cn-p-p. thZ-a-{--fpsS hw, ]Zw, hmIyw apXem-bh
- b
- psS Dm-c-W-n\v BZyw a\-ns kev]-ap-W-cp-p. AXn-\m k-ev]m--I-hr-n-Zzmcm at\mab ]pcp-j-t\m-Sp-Iq-Snb thZ-a-{-p L\n-jvT-amb
kw_- - ap-v. Chbvv at\m-ab ]pcp-js Ah-b-h
- fnXs m\w \I-s -n-cn- p- p. ico-c- n
bmsXmcp m\w \I-s -n-c n-p- p. ico-c - n
bmsXmcp m\w cp `pPp-m-bn-cn-p-pthm
B kvYm\w Xs-bmWp at\m- ab ]pcp-js AwK--fn
EtKz-Z-n\pw kma-th- Z-n-\p-ap--Xv. b-bm-Km-Zn-I-fn
Ch-bpsS a{- Zzmcm kvXh-\hpw Io-\hpw \S-p-p.
AXn-\m bPpth-Z-a-{-sf At]-nv Ch A{]-[m\--fm-Ip-p. Fn-cp-mepw `pP--sf-tmse b-fn {][m\ klm-b-I-fpw BIp-p. AXn-\m Chbvv
`pP--fpsS cq]w \I-s-n-cn-p-p. BtZi (hn-[n)
hmIyw thZ--fpsS Dn-em-Ip-p. AXn-\m Ah-Xp-Xs
at\m-ab ]pcp-js AwK--fpsS a[y-`m-K-ambn ]d-bs
- -

127

I Sp-p. AYh-th-Z-n imnIw ]ujvSnIw BZn-bmb

hym]vX-am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw at\m-abw Xt-m app

I- -fpsS km[-Ia
- -{-am-Ipp {]Xn-jvT-bpsS Imc-W- {]mW-a-bhpw A- a-b-hp-amb ico-c--fn hym]-I-am-bnam-bn-cn-p--Xv. AXn-\m AXns\ ]p-sapw {]Xn-jT
v - cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXn- \m Cu hnPvRm\-amb Pohmsbpw ]d-bp-Xv kYm bpn-kw-K-X-am-bn-cn-p-p. mhv icocw apgp-h hym]n-n-cn-p-p. Pohm--kz-cq-]k-ev]m-I hrn-Zzmcm at\m-ab ]pcp-js \nXy-kw- \mb t{X- ico- c-cq-]-am-Ip t{X- n k{X
_w Ch-sb-m-n-t\m-Spw-Iq-Sn-bp-v. AXn-\m thZ-a- nXn-sN-p-p. Cu hn-\-am-b-amb Bmhpw \n- m-Ip-p. B
{- AXns AwK-ambn ]d-bs
- -Sp-p. Cu Imcyw b-am-bn-s ]pcp-jm-Im-c-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bX
at\m-ab ]pcp-j-\n hym]n-n- cn-p-- Xn-\ms AXv
Ftmgpw kvac-W- bn-ep-m-bn- cn--Ww.
]pcp-jm-Im-c-ambn ]d-b-s-Sp-p. B hnm-\-a-b-s
]n-bpsS cq]-n C{]-Imcw hn`m-h\w sNp-p.
NXpYm-\ p-h mIw
_pn-b psS \nn-X -h n-izm-k -c q-]-a mb hrnsb B
btXm hmtNm \nh-t. A{]m]y a\km hnm-\m-m-hns ico-c
- ns {][m\ AwK-cq-]-amb
kl. B\w {_tWm hnZzm. \ _nt`Xn IZm- inc-mbn Iev]n-pp. Fp-sIm-s-m Cu ZrV-hnN-t\-Xn. Xsskyj Gh imcoc Bm bx ]q- izm-kw-Xs Hmtcm hnj-b-nepw D-Xn-bpsS Imc-W-amky.
Ip-p. ]c-am--{]m-]vXn-bn-em-Is G-hp-amZyw CXns
Cu a{- n {_m-\-s {Kln-n-p hnZzmam- Bhiyap- m-Ip-p. kZm-Nm-c-\n-bw CXns heXp
cpsS aln-a-tbm-Sp-IqSn Ah-cpsS at\m-a-b-i-co-c-ns NndIpw kXy-`m- j-W- \n-bw CXns CS- Xp-]-hpw BIpamlm-y-tbpw {]I-Sn-n-p-p. ]c-{_ ]c-am-m- p. kXy`mj-W-\n-bw CXns CS-Xp-]-hpw BIphns bmsXmv kzcq-]-`q-X-am-bn-cn-p ]c-am-\--am-bn-cn- p. [ym\-Zzmcm ]c-am-m-hp-ambn kwbp--am-IpI Xs
p-pthm Ahn-Sw-hsc a\- pw, hmWn BZn-bm-bp C{n- hnm-\-ab ico- c- ns a[y- `m- K- hpw. ""alv'' F \mab--fpsS kap-Zmb cq]-am-Ip at\m-ab ico-c
- n\v n {]kn--amb ]c-am-mhv hmepw B[m-chpw BIpFn-t-cp-hm Ign-bp-n-. Fm {_s {]m]n- p. Fp-sIm- s-m ]c- am- m-hp- Xs Pohm- m-hns
p-- Xn\v km[-\-b-\p-jvTn-p a\p-jy\v CXv {_-tm- ]c-a-amb B{i-b-am-Ip-p.
S-Sp-p--Xn\p {]tXyIw klm-bI
- a
- m-Ip-p. Cu a\-pw,
C\n-bp a{--fn Cu hnm-\m-m-hns alnhmWn apX-em-bh km[-\m-]c
- m-b-W-]p-cp-js\ B ]c-{_- asb hn-n-cn-p-p.
-ns hmXnhsc Fn-p-Ibpw AXn-s\-A-hnsS
hnnv kzbw aS-n-hc
- n-Ibpw B km[-I At-ls
]-am- \ p- h mIw
{]m]n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. {_-ns B\-a
- -b-kz-cq]s Adn-n-p m\nI Hcn-epw `b-`o-X-cm-Iphn m\ w b w X \ p- t X . I mW n
n-.
X\ptX]nN. hnm\w tZhmx kth. {_

tPyjv T - a p- ] m- k - t X. hnm\w {_ tNtZz- Z .

at\m-ab ico-c
- nse A-cym-an-bmb Bmhpw
Xkvam-t {]am-Zy-Xn. icotc ]m]vat\m lnXzm.
]qtm--amb A- c-k-a-b-i-co-c-n-tebpw {]mW-a-b-ikm Imam ka-iv\pX CXn. Xsskyj Gh
co-c-n-sebpw A-cym-an-bmb Bmhpw B ]c-am-micoc Bm bx ]q-ky.
hp- X-s-bm- Ip- p.
Cu a{- n hnm-\-m-hns aln-am-h-\hpw
Xkv a mZzm GX- k v a m- - t \m- a - b m- Z t\ymc
{_-cq-]t- m-Sp-Iq-Snb AXns D]m-k-\-bpsS ^ehpw
Bm-h n- m-\ -a-b-k vtX-ss\j ]qx k hm
]d-bp-p. hnm-\-cq-]a
- mb AXm-bXv _pn-tbm-Sp-IqSn
Gj ]pcpj hn[ Gh. Xky ]pcp-j-hn-[-b-Xm-aX{Zp-]-amb Pohm-m-hp-Xs b-ns ip`-I-cq-]\zbw ]pcp-j -hn-[ x. Xky {issh incx. EXw
amb ]pWy-sf hnkvXr-X-am-p-Xpw At\ym-\y-eu-InI
ZnWx ]x. kXy-ap-cx ]x. tbmK Bm.
I-sf A`n-hr-n-s-Sp-p-Xpw BIp-p. AXm-bXv
alx ]pw {]Xn-jvTm. XZ-t]yj tmtIm `h-Xn.
Pohm-m-hn \np-Xs Fm I-pw t{]c-WChnsS hnm-\-a-b]
- p-cp-js AXm-bXv hnm-\- e- `n-p-p. Fm C{n- b-fpw at\m-cq- ]-am-Ip tZh-Xbpw
amb ico-c- ns A[n-jvTm- Xm- hmb Pohm-m-hns h- k- t{i- jT
v -amb {_- cq-]-n Cu hnm\ ab Pohm\m-Ip-p. BZyw ]d-n-p at\m-ab ico-c-s- mfpw m-hn-s\-s tkh sNp-Ibpw AXm-Xp-I-fpsS {]hrCXp kqva-am-bn-cn-p-Xp ImcWw CXns Dn n-I hgn-bmbn CXn\p kpJw Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw
hkn-p Bmhv A\y-am-Ip-p. hnm-\-amb ]pcp- sNp-p. GsX-nepw km[-I Cu hnm-\c
- q-]-amb
j AXm-Ip-p. Cu at\m-ab icocw ]q-am-bn-cn-p- Bm-hn-s\-s {_-sap [cn-p-Ibpw Cu [mc-Wp. AXm-bXv Cu at\m-ab ico-c
- n AXp hym]vX- am- bn \npw sXn amdm-XncnpIbpw AXm-bXv B [mcbn-cn-p-p. AXm-bXv Cu at\m-ab ico-c
- n AXp W-bn sXp-m-Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw AYhm ico-cm-Zn-If
- n

128

I nX-am-bn-cn-p GI-tZ-io-bhpw AXp-t]mse _-kzcq-] -hp-amb {_s sXn- -c n-m-sX-bn-c n-p-Ibpw

sNpp Fn Ah\v At\-I-P---fn-embn km-Znn-cn-p ]m]-k--bc
- q-]-amb ico-cs Dt]-n-nv
Fm Znhy-t`m- K--tfbpw A\p-`-hn-p-hm Ign-bp-p. B
hnm-\ - a - b -c q-] - n A- c ym-a n-b - b m- b n- c n- p
Bmhv BZyw ]d-n-p A-c-k-a-b-q-e-i-co-cnepw {]mW-a-bc
- q-]-i-co-c-nepw at\m-ab cq] ico-cnepw nXn-sN-p B ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c Xsbm-Ip-p.

XkvamZzm GX-k va m-Zzn- m-\ -a-b m-Zt\ymc

Bm\-a-bx. tXss\j ]qx. khm Gj
]pcp-j-hn[ Gh. Xky ]pcp-j-hn-[-Xm-a-\zbw ]pcpj-hn-[x. Xky {]nb-t ah incx. tamtZm ZnWx
]x. {]tamZ D-cx-]-x. B\ Bm. {_
]pw {]Xn-jvTm. XZ-t]yj tmtIm `h-Xn.
ChnsS B\--a-b\
- mb ]c-a-]p-cp-js\ hn-n-cn-pp. BZymw-i-n ]d-n- cn- p hnm-\-a- b- Po-hm- mhn \npw `n- ambn AXns Dn hkn- p
thsdmcp Bm-hpv; B\--a-b]
- -c-am-mhv AXm-Ip-p.
AXn-t\m-Sp-IqSn Cu hnm\ ab-]p-cp-j hym]n-n-cn-pp. AXm-bXv AXv CXns ]cn-]q-am- bn- cn- p-p.
hmkvX-h-n At-lw-Xs kakvX ]pcp-j-m-cnepw
D-a- \m-b- Xp- Im- cWw "]pcpj' F hmns\ A\zam- n-bn- cn-p-p. Atlw hnm-\-]p- cp-j-\p-Xpeyw BImc-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw BIp-p. B hnm\ ab ]pcp-j\n hym]vX- am-bXp ImcWw Atlw ]pcp-jm-Im-c\
- mbn
]d-b-s-Sp-p. ]n-bpsS cq]-I-n B B\--ab ]cta-iz-cs AwK--sf C{]-Imcw hn-n-cn-p-p. {]nb`mhw At-l-ns inc-m-Ip-p. B\--a-b-\mb ]c-ammhv Fm-hpw {]nb-\m-Ip-p. Fm Pohn-Ifpw B\s t{]an-pp; Fm-hcpw B\w B{K-ln-p-p.
Fm Adn-p-Iq-Sm-Xp ImcWw {]m]n-p-hm Ignbp-n-. Cu "{]nb-`mhw' B\--a-b-\mb ]c-am-m-hns
Hcp {][m-\mw-i-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m CXp-Xs At-lns {][m-\mw-K-amb inc-m-Ip-p. tamZw he-tXpw
{]tamZw CS-tXpw Nnd-Ip-If
- m-Ip-p. B\-w-Xs ]cammhns a[ymw- Khpw AXp-t]mse {_w- Xs CXns
hmepw B[m-chpw BIp-p. ]c-am-mhp Ah-bh
- c
- -ln-X\m-bXp ImcWw At-l-ns cq]-tbpw AwK-tfbpw bYm-cq-]-n hnh-cn-p-hm km[n-p--X. Cu {]I-c-W-n hnm-\-a-b-n-\w Pohm-mshpw B\--a-b-n-\w ]c-am-mshpw AwKo-Icn--Ww.
ASp A\p-hm-I
- nse a{- Cu B\--a-b-]c-am-m-hns hnj-bs hn-p--hb
- m-Ip-p.

jjvTm-\ p- h mIw

Akth k `h-X n. AkZv {_tXn thZ

tNXv. AkvXn {_tXn tNtZz-Z. k-ta\w XtXm
hnZp-cn-X n.
Cu a{ - n {_- ns k sb am\npXpsImpw am\n- m-Xn-cn-p--Xp-sImpw Df- hmIp ^ew hnh-cn-p-p. GsX-nepw a\p-jy {_w
Ak-m-Ip-p, AXm-bXv {_lvatam Cuiz-ct\m C
Fp \n-bn-p-I-bm-sW- n Ah km-c-ln-X-\mbn
`hn-pp; AXm-bXv tkzm-Nm-cn-bmbn kZm-Nm-c-n
\np {`jvS\pw \oN-{]-Ir-Xn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\p-am-bn-o-cpp. GsX- nepw a\p- j y {_- ns bYm
XXzs {Kln-msX {_-ap-sp kwi-b-c-ln-X-ambn
hniz-kn-p-Ibpw AXm-bXv imkv{X--fnepw alm-m-\nI-fnepw ZrV-hn-izm-ka
- p-Xp ImcWw Ahs lrZ-bn Cuiz-cs k-bn-t ]q-hn-izmkw DmIp-Ibpw sNp-p. Fn A-s\-bp a\p-jys\
m\n-bmbpw kXv]p-cp-j-\mbpw AwKo-I-cn- p-p. FpsIm-s-m ]c-a m-m- hn-s\-p-dn-p XXz-m-\ns BZy-]Sn At-l-ns k-bn-ep hnizm-kwX-s- bm-Ip-p. ]c-am-m-hns k-bn hniz-kn-p-sImn-cn-p-sa-n GsX-nepw Hcp kabw GsX-nepw alm]p-cp-js Ir]-bm km[-\-bn apgpIn a\p-jy\v Atls {]m]n-p-hm Ignbp-p.

Xsskyj Gh imcoc Bmx b ]qh-ky.

ChnsS aph-a-\p-k-cnv B\-a
- -bs A-cmmhv kzbw B\--a-b-s\p ]d-b-s-Sp-p. Atlw B
B\--ab {_-ns kzbw-i-co-c-hn- bmb A- cmm-hm-Ip-p. Fp-sIm-s-m At-l-n ico-cn\pw ssNX-\ y- n\pw bmsXmcp hyXym-k -h p-an
bmsXmv t\ct ]d-n- cp A-c- k-a- bmZn Fm- ntbpw A-c ym-a n-b mb ]c- a m- m-h m-b n-c n- p- pth
Atlw kzbw Xt-Xs A-cym-an-bm-Ipp; At-lns A-c yman am-c p-a m-I p- n- . CXn-\ m ap
bmsXmpw ]d- bmsX B h-\m- ]-c--csb Chn- sS- s
Ah- km-\n-n- p- p.
kw_w apI-fn ]d- n-c n- p Awi- n
{_s "AkXv' Fpw "kXv' Fpw am\n- p- - Xp- sImp ^ew ]d-p-I-gn-n-cn-p-p, AXns\ {ihn
Hmtcm a\p-jytbpw a\-n bmsXmcp {]iv\w DZnppthm B {]iv\s \n-bn-nv B {_-ns
k-bpsS {]Xn-]m-Z\w \S-p--Xn-\p-thn {ipXn kzbam-bn-s {]iv\w Ah-X-cn-n-p-p.

AYmtXm\p {]iv\mx. DXm-hn-Zzm-\apw temIw

t{]Xy-I- \ K-Xo. Btlm hnZzm-\ apw temIw
t{]Xy-I - n--a-i v\p-X m-D .

129

C\n ChnsS \npw D]-tNm-Zy- Bcw-`n-p-p.

AXn BZy {]iv\w Fs-m {_w Dsn
AXns\ Adn-bm Bsc-nepw acnp ]c-tem-I-n
t]mIp-ptm Ctbm? cm-as {]iv\w {_s
Adn-bp GsX-nepw m\n ac-Wm-\
- cw ]c-temIw
{]m]n-p-ptm Ctbm? B hnZzm-mcpw {]m]n-p-n. AXn-\m Cu aqm-as {]iv\w hnZzm-m (m-\nI) {_s A\p-`h
- n-p-ptm Ctbm? Ch-bpsS
adp- ]-Sn-bmbn {_s krjvSn-bpsS Imc- W-ambn ]d-psImv AXns k-sb, BkvXn-Iy-s, hy-am-pp. ]ns "XXvkXyw CXym-N
- -tX...' Cu hmIy-Zmcm
{ipXn kv]jvS-kz-cq-]-n At- l-ns ksb {]Xn]m-Zn-p-p. Ggmw A\p-hm-Iy-n Hp-IqSn kv]jvSamb hN-\
- e`n-pp "tIm tlyhm-\yX? Ix
{]mWymXv? btZj BImi B\t\m \ kymXv.' AXm-bXv
CXv BIm-i-a-b-\mb ]c-am-m-hm- bn-cn-p- n-s-n Bcp
Pohn- pp? Bp {]hn-p-hm Ignbpp? AXmbXv Pohn-I-fpsS {]mW\pw Ne-\hpw ]c-am-m-hns\ B{ibn-n-cn-p-p. cm-as {]iv\-n-\p--c-ambn Ggmw
A\p-hm-Iy-n Cmcyw hym-n-bn-cn-p-p, a\pjy ]c-am-m-hns\ ]q-ambn Adn-bm-Xn-cn-p-pthm
At-ls Aev]-X-am-{X-am- bn-tmepw kwi-bn-p-pthm
AXp-hsc Ah P\-\-a-c-W--fn\npw tamNn--s-Spn-. aqm-as {]iv\-n- \p--c-ambn Fmw A\p-hmI-ns D]-kw-lm-c-n {ipXn kzbw ]d-bpp: "k
b Ghw hnXv... B\--a-b-am-m-\-ap-]-kw-{Im-aXn' AXm-bXv
"bmsXm-cp- C{]-Imcw ]c-am-m-hns\ Adn-bp-p-thm
Ah {Ia-ambn A-a-bw, {]mW-abw BZn-bm-b-hsb
{]m]n-p-sImv Ah-km\w B\--a-b-\mb ]ctaizcs\
{]m]n-p-p.'
kw_- w Cu {]iv\--fpsS D-c-ambn {ipXn {_ns kzcq-]hpw inbpw hn-nv BZys A\phm-I-n bmsXmv kwt-]a
- mbn krjvSn-bpsS D{I-as hnh-cn-pthm AXn-t\bpw hni-Z-ambn {Kln-n-pp.

tkmIma-b-X. _lp kymw {]Pm-tb-tb-Xn. k

X t]mX]y-X. k X]-kvXz]vXm CZw kh-a-krPX bZnZw InwN. XXvkrjvSzm XtZ-hm-\p-{]m-hn-iXv. XZ-\p-{]-hniy k Xym-`h
- Xv. \ncpw Nm\ncp- w. N. \ne-b\w Nm\n-e-b-\w N. hnm\w
Nmhn-m\w N. kXyw Nm\rXw N kXy-a-`h
- -Xv.
bZnZw Iow N. X-Xy-anXym N-tX. XZ-t]yj
tmtIm `h-Xn.

tIp-Xpw Bb Fm PU-tN-X-\m-ab PK-ns\

krjvSn-p. AXm-bXv CXns k-e]
v -a-b-amb cq]w \nnp. AXn\ptijw kzbw AXn {]th-in- p. Xn\npw
D--amb Cu PK-n B ]c-ta-iz-c apt-Xs
{]hn-jSv - \m-bn-cp-p. Cu PKv At-l-n-s- Xs kzcq]-am-bn-cp--tm AXn Atlw {]hn-jSv -am-I-W-am-bn-cpn-. Fn-cp-mepw PU-tN-X-\m-a-b-amb PK-n Bkz-cq-]-m ]cn-]q-amb B ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs
hnti-j-kz-cq]w At-l-ns A-cym-an-bmb kzcq-]ns AS- bmfw kv]jvS-am-p--Xn-\p-thn "Cu PKns\ krjvSn-nv Atlw AXn kzbw IpSn-sImpp' Fp Imcyw ]d-n-cn-p-p. {]hn-jSv -am-b-Xn\p-tijw Atlw aqhpw Aaq-hp-amb cq]-n
AXm-bXv ImW-s-Sp ]rYzn, Pew, tXPv Fo `qX-fpsS cq]- nepw AXp-t]mse hmbp, BImiw Cs\
ImW-s-Sm `qX--fpsS cq]-nepw {]Xy--s-p.
]noSp hn--s-Sp-hm Ign-bp hn[-nepw hn-s- Sp-hm Ign-bm--hn-[-nepw hnhn[ hkvXp--fmbn
cq]m--c-s-p. CXp-t]m-se-Xs B{ibw \evIp-Xpw
\I-s-Sm--Xp-ambn tNX-\bpw PUhpw Cs\
Fm cq]-nepw GI- \mb kXy- kz-cq] ]c- ta- iz-c Xs
]e \ma--tfbpw cq]--tfbpw kzoI-cnp {]Xy--am-bn.
B GI-\mb ]c-am-m-hp-Xs \bpw Xnbpw Bb
Fm cq]-n- ep-am-bn-op. AXp-Im-cWw PvRm\n-I
]d-bpp "Cu ImWp-Ibpw tIp-Ibpw {Kln-p-Ibpw
sNp Fm-nepw kXy- kz-cq-]-\mb ]c- am-m-hp-Xs
nXn-sN-pp' Fv.

k]vX - am-\ p- h mIw

AkZzm CZ-a{K Bko-Xv. XtXm ssh kZ-Pm-bX. XZm- m\w kzb-a-Ip-c p-X . Xkvam--p-Ir-X ap-NyX CXn.
kqva-q-e-cq]fn {]I-S-am-Ip--Xn\p apv Cu
PU-tN-X-\m-a-ba
- mb PKv AkXv AXm-bXv Ahy--cq]-n Bbn-cp-p, B Ahy-m-h- -bn \np-Xs
kXv AXm-bXv \ma-cq-]a
- -bhpw PU-tN-X-\m--Ih
- p-amb
{]Xy PKv D- hn- p. ]c-am- mhv Xs-s kzbw
Cu PU-tN-X-\m--Ia
- mb PK-ns cq]-n Bn-bncn-p-p. AXn-\m At-l
- ns \maw "kpIrXw' (X-ms\ Dm-b-Xv) Fm-bn-op.

bssZz Xp-IrXw ctkm ssh kx. ckw-tlhmbw e_v[zm\o `h-Xn. tIm tlyhm-\ym-Ix
{]mWymZv btZj BImi B\tm \ kymXv. Gj
tly hm\-b
- m-Xn.

Rm \m\m cq]- n P\np hf- s c- b - [ n- I ambnocpw Fv Bcw-`-n ]c-{_--]-c- ta-iz-c hnNmap]-d h-\-n "kpIrX' \ma-n ]d-bcn- n-cp-p. Cu hnNm- c-tm-Sp- IqSn Atlw X]-p-sN-bvXp.
s
B ]c- {_ ]c- am-mhv hmkvX- h- n ck-kz- cq]
AXm-bXv Pohn-If
- psS I-a-\p-k-cnv krjvSn \S--W- -b) BIp-p. Ct-lw-Xs hmkvX-hn-I-amb
sapw k-ev]n-p. C{]-Imcw k-ev]nv Cm-Wp-Xpw (B-\-a

130

I B\w

BIp-p. Fp-sIm-s-m A\m-Zn-Imew

apX P\-\-a-c-W--fm-Ip tLmc-Zpx-J-sf A\p-`-hn-ph-cp Cu Pohm-mhv Cu ck-ab {_s {]m]n-pXs B\- -bp--am-bn- o-cp-p. Cu ]c-am-\-\-- a-b-\mb
]c-ta- iz-c-t\mSv CXns kwtbmKw \S-m-Xn- cn-p- - Xp-hsc
CXn\p bmsXmcp hn[-nepw ]qm-\-w, \nXym-\-w,
AJ-WvUm-\-w, A\-m-\w Ch {]m]n-p-hm km[np-n- . CXp-sIm-p-Xs B hmkvX-hnI B\-- kz-cq]
]c-am-m-hns AkvXn-Xzs kt-lc
- -ln-X-ambn {Klnp-hm Ign-bpp; Fp-sIm-s- m Ctlw BImi-t-tmse hym]-I- \mb B\--]-c-a m-m-hm-Ip-n-sn Bv Pohn-p-hm Ign-bpp; GXp {]mW\p Nenp-hm Ign-bp-p. am{X-a AJn-e-ntbpw PohnXw
\n-ln-p--Xn-\p Fm hyh- Ifpw sNbvXn-cn-pXv Atlw Xs-bm-Ip-p. IqSm-sX, Cu PK-ns
Fm `uXn-I-{In-b-Ifpw \nb-an-Xhpw hyh-n-X-hp-amb
coXn- bn \S-p- Xv Fs\ km[n- pp? AXn- \m a\pjy CXv ZrV-X- tbm-Sp-IqSn hniz-kn--Ww. Cu PK-n\v
{kjvSmhpw cn-Xm-hp-ambn ]c-{_-]
- -c-ta-iz-c \nbambpw thWw. AXp-t]mse kt-i-cl
- n-X-ambn Cu ]c{_ ]c-am-mhv Fm-hpw B\w {]Zm-\w-sN-p-p.
B\- -kz-cq-]\pw GI-a m-{X-\p-amb ]c-am-m-hp--tm
amv B\w {]Zm\w sNp-hm Ignbpw?

hn ]q-nXn {]m]n-m kabw hsc, `K-hms\

\nc-cw kvacn-m-Xn-cn-p--Xp-hsc Cu ]p\--`bw
P\-\-a-c-W-`bw Fm-hp-ap-m-Ipw. Hcp-h henb
hnZzmt\m imkv{X-t\m kzbw henb m\nsbm
]WvUn-Xt\m BIp-n-. Fp-sIm-s-m B ]c-taiz-c Fm-h-cpsS taepw `cWw \S-pp; At-lns `c-W-i-n-sImp temI-nse Fm hyh-Ifpw \nb-an-X-cq-]
- n Nen-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.

AjvT-am-\ p-h mIw

kw_w Ign A\p-hm-I-n ]d-n-p a{-fpsS eys Dt- J\w sNp-p.

`ojm-k vam-ZzmXx ]h-t X. `otjm-t ZXn kqcyx

`ojm- k v am-Z - n-t - {- . arXyp[m- h Xn ]a
CXn.

Cu ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c-t\m-Sp `bw-sImp ]h-\

\nb-a m-\p-k-cWw Nen-p-p. At-l-tm-Sp `bwsImp kqcy IrXy-k-a-bp DZn-p-Ibpw IrXy-ka
- bv AkvX-an-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXp-t]mse At-ltm-Sp `bw-sImv An, C{, Am-as arXyp
Ch-sbmw Ah-c-hc
- psS Imcy- \nb-a-]qw kphyh-n-Xa
- mbn sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Ch-bp-sS-sbmw
bZm-tly-s shj GX- k va n- Zrtiy\mty hyh--I sNp--Xmbn Ch-bvsmw t{]c-I-ambn
\ncpt\ne-bt\`bw {]XnjvTmw hn-tX. AY Bscnep-an-s-n Cu PK-ns Imcy- Fs\
tkm`bw KtXm-`h
- -Xn.
\S-pw. Ch-sbmw krjvSn--h\pw Fm-tbpw bYmB ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs\ {]m]n-p- -Xn-\-`n-e-jn-p-- tbmKyw \nb-aa\pk-cnv shp-sIm-n-cn- p--h-\p-amb
h Hcn-epw ImW-s-Sm-, hnh-cn-p-hm kmyam- GtXm Hcp kXy-m-\m-\--kz-cq-]-]-c-{_-, ]c-am-mhv
, Bscbpw B{ibn-m-, ico-c-c-ln-X-\mb ]c-{_ \n-b-ambpw Dspw At-ls a\p-jy\p \n-b]c-am-m-hn \n`b (A-hn-N-e) nXn-{]m-]n-p-p. B ambpw {]m]n-p-hm Ign-bp-sapw CXn\npw kv]jvSkabw Ah \n`-b-]-Zs {]m]n-p-p. Fs-t-p- am-Ip-p.
ambn `b-n\npw timI-n \npw ap-cm-bn-o- kw_w B\--kz-cq-]-\mb B ]c-{_-]
- -c-am-mcp-p.
hns Cu B\w F{X-bp-v, F-s\-bpv? Cu B{K-

bZm tlysshj GX-kvan-p-Z-c-a-cw Ipcp-tX.

AY Xky `bw `h-Xn. Xtzh `bw hnZptjm
a\zm-\-ky. XZ-t]yj tmtIm `h-Xn.
Cu Pohm-mhv B ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hn \npw
Aev]-amb A-c-tm-Sp-IqSn Ftm apX hkn-ppthm AXm-bXv At-l-n ]q-nXn {]m]n-mXn-cn-p-Ibpw At-ls \nc-cw kvacn-m-Xn-cn-pIbpw At-ls Aev]-t\-c-t-bvp-am-{X-sa-nepw adp-t]m-Ip-Ibpw sNp-pthm AXp-hsc Ahs\ kw_n-n-S-tmfw `bw AXm-bXv Ahs ]p\Pw Xobmbpw Dm-Ipw. Fp-sIm-s-m Ah ]c-am-mhn nX-\m-Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw Ah `K-hms\ adp
Pohn-p-Ibpw sNp-tm Ahs acWw kw`-hn-p-Ibm-sW-n ]ns Ahs An-a-kw-kvIm-ca
- -\p-k-cnp P\\w Dm-Ip-sa-p-Xp \n-b-am-W.v ]c-am-m-

l-\n-hr-nv B\-h
- n-j-b-Ia
- mb Nn Bcw-`n-pp

sskjm\ky aoamwkm `hXn. bphm

kymm-[ p-bp-hm-[ ym-b I BinjvtTm {ZVnjv tTm
_en-j v T-k vX -tkybw ]rYnho khm hnky
]qm kymXv. k GtIm-am-\pj B\-x.
Cu h-\-bn B B\-
- ns N-bm-cw-`n-p-Xn-\p kqN\ \In-bnv k-{]-Y-a-ambn a\p-jy-temI-ns t`mK--fn\npw e`n-p-hm kmy-X-bp
Ghpw D-X-amb B\-s hn`mh\w sNp-p. Hcp
bphm-h mb a\p-jy, AXpw A--s \-bn--s\-b p
km[m-cW bphm-hm-cn-p-n-. kZm-Nm-cnbpw kkz-`mhnbpw D-X-Ip-e
- ne P\n-h
- \
- p-am-bn-cn--s, Ah
Fm thZ--fp-tSbpw hnZy e`n-n-p--h\pw AXp-t]mse
in-W-n {_-Nm-cn- Iv D]-tZiw \Ip-- Xn
Ipi-e\pw Bbn-cn--s, Ah-s Fm AwK-fpw

131

I C\v{Zn-b-fpw tcmK-c-ln-X-fpw Ign-hp-Xpw kpZr-Vhpw

cp-\v AXns Bh-iy-I-X-bn-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm B

Fm {]Im- nepw in- k---hp-am-bn- cn- - s. ]ns [\- t{im{Xn-b\v thZ-c-lkyw {Kln-n-p hnc-\v B
k--m \nd-bs
- Cu ]q-amb PKv Ahs B\w kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw e`n-p-p.
A[o-\-n- em-hp-Ibpw BsW-n B a\p-jys kpJw
tX tb iXw ]nXrWmw Nnc-tem-I-tem-I m\m
Ghpw hep-Xm-Ip-p. CXp am\-h-tem-I-ns Ghpw
am\-mx. k GI B Pm\-Pm\mw tZhm-\m-am-\-x.
henb B\-a
- m-Ip-p.

t{im{Xnb ky NmIm-a-l-X-ky.

tX tb iXw am\pjm B\- mx. k GtIm

a\pjy Km-Wm-am-\- x. t{im{Xn-bky NmIma-l -X -k y.

Cu h-\-bn Nnc-m-bn-bmb temI-n hknp Znhy-m-cmb ]nXr--fpsS B\-s At]-nv

"BPm-\P' F t]cn- e- dn- b-s- Sp tZh- m- cpsS B\- s
a\pjy tbm\n-bn D-a-I- -f-\p-jT
v nv K- \qdn-c-n-bmbn ]d-n-cn-p-p. apI-fn hn-n-cn-p
`m-hs {]m]n--hs\ ""a\p- jy-K-'' Fp ]d- bp-p. Nnc-m-bn-bmb temI-n hkn-p ]nXr--fpsS
ChnsS Chs B\w apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p a\p- B\w \qsdw Hn-p- Iq-Sp A{Xbpw "BPm-\P' F
jys B\-t- - m \qdn-c-n-sbp ]d-b-s-Sp-p. tZh-m-cpsS B\--n\v hnIm-k-ap-m-Ip-p. tZh-tem-IbmsXmcp a\p-jy-kw-_- n-bmb B\-s BZyw hn- se Hcp {]tXyI m\-ns \ma-amWv "BPm-\-P.'
pthm As\ Hcp \qsdw Hnp IqSp Iqs Ahn-Sps tZh-I kvarXn-I-fn {]Xn-]m-Zn--s-n-cna\p- jy-K-s B\- - tmSv Xpey-s- Sp-mw. Fm p GtXm ]pWy-I- ImcWw AhnsS krjvSnBZyw ]d a\p-jy-tem-I
- ns t`mK- apX -s-n-cn-p-p. Ahsc BPm-\-P-m Fp ]d-bp-p.
K-tem-I-ns t`mK- hsc-bp Zpjn B{K- bmsXm-cp- Cu temIw-h-sc- bp t`mKfn Bkl--fn\np hnc--amWv t{im{Xn-b AYhm thZ- -\m-Im-sX-bn-cn-p-pthm AXm-bXv bmsXm-cp- Cu
. B t{im{Xn-b\v thZ--]p-cp-j-\,v kzm`m-hn-Ia
- m- B\-s Xp-am-bn--cpXn AXn-t\mSv hnc--\m-bn-cn-ppthm B thZ-m-\n-bmb hnc-s\ kw_-n-n-Sbn-s B\w e`n-p-p.
tmfw B B\w kz`m-h-kn--am-Ip-p.

tX tb iXw a\p-jy-K-hm-Wm-am-\-mx. k
GtIm tZh- K - hm- W m- a m- \ x t{im{Xn- b ky
NmIm-a-l -X -ky.

Cu h- \ - b n BZyw ]d- n- p a\pjy

Ks\ At]-nv tZh-K-s B\-s \qdncn Fp ]d-n-cn-p-p. bmsXmcp a\p-jy-K-s
B\-s apI-fn hn- n-c n-p-pthm As\
\qsdw Hn-p-Iq-Sp B\--n\p Xpey-amWv krjvSnbpsS Bcw`w apXep tZh-Pm-Xob K-cq-]
- n
P\n-n-p Hcp Pohn-p--Xv. AXp-t]mse bmsXmcp a\pjy Cu B\-m- `n- em- j-m tamln- X-\m-bn- cn- p- pthm
AXm-bXv bmsXm-cp-\v CXns Bhiyw Cm-Xn-cn-ppthm bmsXm-cp- thZ-- fnse D]-tZ-i-sf lrZ- bwK- a-ambn kzoI- cn-n-cn-p- pthm A-s\- bp hnZzm\v Cu
B\w kzm`m-hn-I-ambn e`n-p-p.

tX tb iXw tZh-K-m-Wm-am-\mx k GIx

]nXrWmw Nnc-tem-I-tem-Im-\m-am-\-x. t{im{Xn-bky
NmIm-a-l -X -ky.
Cu h-\-bn tZh-K--m-cpsS B\-s
At]- np Nnc-m-bn-bmb ]nXr-tem-Is {]m]np
Znhy-m- cmb ]nXr--fpsS B\-s \qdn- c- n-bmbn ]d-ncn-p-p. apI-fn hn-n-cn-p tZh-K--m-cpsS
B\--ns \qdn-c-n-bm-bn-cn-p-p. Nnc-m-bn-bmb
]nXr-tem-I-se Znhy-m-cmb ]nXr--fpsS B\--ns
cq]w. AXp-t]mse bmsXm-cp- B temI-ns A`nem- j-m tamln-X-\m- Im-Xn-cn-p- pthm AXm-bXv bmsXm-

tX tb iX-am-Pm-\-Pm\mw tZhmx \mam-\-mx.

k GI I tZhm\mw tZhm- \ m- a m- \ - x. tb
IWm tZhm-\-]n-b-n. t{im-{Xn-bky NmIm-a-lX-k y.
Cu h-\-bn BPm-\-P-tZ-h-m-cpsS B\-t- m I-tZ-h-XIfpsS B\-s \qdn-c- n-bmbn ]d-ncn- p-p. apIfn hn-n- cn-p BPm-\-P-tZ-h-XIfpsS
B\--s-m \qdn-cn aln-at- bm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-XmWv thtZm--fmb I- hgn a\p-jy-tbm-\n-bn \npw tZh`mhw {]m]n- n-p B I- tZ-h- XIfpsS B\-w. bmsXmcp- B I- tZ-h-X-I- hsc-bp B\-s A`n-ejn-m-sX-bn-cn-p-pthm AXm-bXv bmsXm-cp-\v tZhtemIw hsc-bp t`mK- Bhiyan-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm
thZ-c-l-kys {Kln-n-p B hnc--]p-cp-js\ kw_n-n-S-tmfw B B\w P-kn--am-Ip-p.

tX tb iXw I-tZ-h\mw tZhm-\ m-am-\- mx.

k GtIm tZh-\m-am-\-x. t{im{Xn-bky NmIm-a-lX-k y.
Cu h-\-bn I- tZ-hs\ At]-nv krjvSn-Ime- n mbo-`m-ht- m-Sp-IqSn krjvSn--s-n-p--hcpsS, kzm`m-hn-I-amb tZh`mh-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-cp-sS, B\s \qdn-c- n-bmbn ]d- bp-p. apIfn hn-- s-np
I-tZ-h-m-cpsS B\--t-m \qdp-aSmWv kz`m-hkn--cmb tZh-X-If
- psS B\-w. bmsXm-cp- kz`mh
kn-cmb tZh-XIfpsS t`mKm-\-s B{K- ln-m-Xn-cn-p-

132

I pthm AXm-bXv bmsXm-cp- AXn-s\bpw teiw-

G-hp-am-Zy-am-bp--hn lnc-Wy-K`-{_-m-hns Hcm-\-w.

t]mepw A`n-e-jn- m- Xn-cn- p-p- thm, thZ- c- l- kys {Kln- AXp-t]mse bmsXmcp a\p-jy B {_m-hns ]Zn- p B \njvma hnc-s\ kw_-n- n-S-tmfw B n\npw e`y-am-Im-hp t`mK-kp-J--fpsS B{K-l-anB\w P-kn--am-Ipp.
m- - h- \m-bn- cn-p- pthm bmsXm- cp- Ah A\n-Xyhpw
Xphpw Fp IcpXn AXn-t\mSp hnc--\m-bn-o-cptX tb iXw tZhm-\ m-am-\-mx. k GI C{pthm bmsXm- cp-\v ]c-am- \-- kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-{_- s
kym-\-x. t{im{Xn-bky NmIm-a-l-X -ky.
{]m]n-p--Xn\v DXv-S-amb A`nemjw Dm-Ip-pthm
Cu h-\-bn ap]-d kz`mh kn-cmb tZh- thZ-c-l-kys {Kln-n-p B hnc--]p-cp-j\v B
X-I-fpsS B\-
- ns \qdn-c- n-bmWv C{s B\w B\w kzXx-kn--am-Wv.
Fp ]d-b-s-Sp-p. apI-fn hnh-cn-n-cn-p tZh-X-IC{]-Imcw Hn-\p-ta asm-m-bn-p B\--ns
fpsS B\w As\ \qsdw Hn-p-Iq-Sn-bm Dn-SB[n-Iys hnp hnv Ghpw D]-cn-bmb lnctm-f-amWv C{-`m-hs {]m]n-n-p tZh-X-I-fpsS HcmWy-K`-ns B\-s hnh-cn-p-sImv Cu temI\-w. bmsXm-cp- Cu C{-t`m-Km-\-s B{K-ln-mn GsXmw B\-- Zin-p--Xn\pw {ihn-pXn-cn-p-pthm AXm-bXv bmsXm-cp- Cu C{-kp-J-Xn\pw Bkz-Zn-p--Xn-\p-am-bn-ptm Ah F{X-am{Xw
t-tmepw Imwn- m-Xn-cn-p-p-thm AXns\ Xp-amta-tb-dn-b-Xm-bn-cn--s, Ah-sb-mw-X-s, B ]qm-\bn--cpXn AXn-t\mSv hnc--\m-bn-o-cp-pthm thZ-c- kz- cq- ]-\mb ]c-am-m-hns B\- -tmSp Xpe\w sNpl-kys {Kln-n-p B \njvIm-a-]p-cp-j\
- m-Is B
tm tIhew Xp-am-sW `mhw kv]jvS-am-Ip-p.
B\w kzXx-kn--am-Wv.

tX tb iX-an-{-kym-\ - mx. k GtIm _rlkv]-tX-cm-\- x. t{im{Xn-bky NmIm-a-l-Xk

- y.
Cu h-\-bn C{s B\-s
- -m \qdn-c- nbmWp _rl-kv]-Xn-bpsS B\w Fp ]d-bp-p. apIfn hn-n-cn-p C{s B\w \qsdw HnpIq-Sp--Xn\p Xpey-amWv _rl-k]
v -Xn-bpsS ]Z-hnsb {]m]nn-p tZh-X-bpsS B\-w. Fm bmsXmcp a\p-jy
_rl-kv]-Xn-bpsS t`mKm-\
- -tbpw Cn-m-Xn-cn-ppthm B t`mKm-\- -tbpw A\n-Xy-am- b-Xp-Im-cWw Xpam-bn--cpXn AXn-t\mSp hnc--\m-bn-o-cp-pthm thZ-cl-kys {Kln-n-cn-p B \njvm-a-a-\p-jy\v B
B\w P- {]m-]vX-am-W.v

kb- mbw ]pcptj bm- k m- h m- Z ntXy k

GIx. k b Ghw hnZ-kvam-t-mIm-Xvt{]-Xy. GX-a-a-b-am-m-\-ap-]-kw-{Im-a-Xn. GXw {]mW-a-b-amXv
am\-ap-]-kw-{Im-a-Xn. GXw at\m-a-b-am-m-\-ap-]-kw{Im-a-X n. GXw hnm-\ -a-b-am- m-\-ap-]-kw-{Im-aXn. GX-am-\--a-b-am-m-\-ap-]-kw-{Im-a-Xn. XZ-t]yj
tmtIm `h-Xn.

apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p Fm B\---fp-tSbpw GIam{Xm tI{w ]c-am-\--kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-{_-]

- -c-am-m-hpX-s. AJn-e-n-sbpw A-cym-an-bm-bn-cn-p a\p-jycn nXn-sN-p ]c-am-m-hp-Xs kqcy-\nepw nXnsN-p-p. Atlw Fm- n-tbpw A-cym-an-b mb
GI Xs-bm-Ip-p. bmsXm-cp- C{]-Imcw {Kln-ntX tb iXw _rl-k v]-tX-cm-\- mx. k GIx cn-p-pthm ac-Wm-\-cw Ah Cu a\p-jy-i- cocw Dt]{]Pm-]-tX-cm-\-x. t{im{Xn-bky NmIm-a-l-X-ky.
nv aphn-n-p A-a-b, {]mW-a-b, at\m-a-b,
- -ba
- mb Bm-hns\ {]m]n-p-p.
Cu h-\-bn _rl-k]
v -Xn-bpsS B\--t-m hnm-\-a-b, B\-a
\qdn-cn hep-XmWv {]Pm-]- Xn-bpsS B\w Fp ]d- bp-p. AXm-bXv Ch-bpw GXm-mhpw BcpsS kzcq-]-hp-amapI-fn hn-n-cn-p _rl-kv]-Xn-bpsS B\--t- Ip- pthm B ]c-{_--]- c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-pp Fp
tmse \qsdw Hnp IqSp--Xn\p Xpey-amWp {]Pm-]- Xmev]-cyw. BZy-ambn Cu An-t\bpw hn kabw
- n-tbpw ico-cm-hn-bmb Bmhv AXn-bpsS m\-s- p tZh-X-bpsS B\-w. Fm AJn-e
bmsXmcp a\p-jy Cu {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS B\-s B{K- cym-an-bmb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ ]d-n-cp-p. X^-e-ambn Atln-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm AXn\npw hnc--\m-bn--gn-bp- l-ns {]m]vXn-bp-m-Ip-p. Atlw Xs {_-amp-thm, thZ-c- l-kys Adn-bp B \njvm-a-a-\p-jy- Ip-p. CXp a\-n-em-p--Xn-\p-thn ChnsS As-tbpw {Ia-{]-Imcw {]m]n-t Imcyw ]d-n- cn- p-p.
\m-Is Cu B\w kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw {]m]vX-am-Ip-p.
hmkvX-h- n Cu {Ia-{]-Imcw {]m]n- - W- sap ]d- Xv
tX tb iXw {]Pm-] -tX-c m-\ - mx. k GtIm icn-b-. Fp-sIm-s-m A-a-b-amb ico-c-s-bm{_W B\x t{im{Xn-bky NmIm-a-l-X-ky.
Is Ah t\c-t-Xs {]m]n-pIgnn-cn-p-p.
Cu h-\-bn {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS B\-s
- -mfpw AXns\ Dt]-np t]mb-Xn-\p-tijw {]m]n-p ^ew
lnc-Wy-K`-{_-m-hns B\-s \qdn-c-n-bmbn hn- ]c-am-m-hp-X-s-bm-Ipp; ico-c-am-Ip-n- . ChnsS Ap-p. apI-fn hn-n-cn-p {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS B\-- a-bm-Zn-I-fpsS A-cym-an-bmb ]c-am-m-hns {]m]vXn-sbt-m \qdn-cn hep-XmWv krjvSn-bpsS Bcw-`-n -n-s ]d-bp-p. Ah-sb-m-nepw ]cn-]q\pw

133

I k-kz-cq-]\pw AJn-e-n-tbpw Bmhpw ]c-am-\--

N. Aw {]mWw Npx t{im{Xw at\m hmN-ankz-cq-]hpw Bb ]c-{_-s {]m]n-pI Fp--XmWv Xn. Xw tlmhm- N . btXm hm Cam\n `qXm\n
Cu ^e-{ip-Xn-bpsS Xmev]-cyw. ASp A\p-hm-Z-I-n Pmbt tb\ PmXm\n Poh-n. bXv {]b-y-`nCu hnjbw {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-p.
kw-hn-i-n. XZznPn mk-kz. XZv {_t-Xn. k
Xt]mX]y-X. k X]-kvX-]vXzm.

\h-am-\ p-hmIw

hcp-Ws ]p{X- \mbn `rKp F \ma-tm- Sp-IqSn {]kn-\mb Hcp aljn Dm-bn- cp-p. At-l-ns a\-n
btXm hmtNm \nht A{]m]y
]c-am- m-hns\ Adn-bp--Xn\pw {]m]n-p--Xn-\p-ap
a\km kl.
D- S-amb A`n-emjw Dm-bn. Atm Atlw Xs
B\w {_tWm hnZzm \
]nXm-hmb hcp-Ws ASp- sNp. At-l-ns
_nt`Xn IpXt\-Xn. ]nXm-hmb hcp-W thZ-sf {Kln-n-p-h
- \pw {_- m\
nbpamb
alm]
pc
pj
\
mb
nc
p
p.
AXn\
m `rKp- hn\v
Cu a{-n ]c-{_--]-c-am-m-hns ]c-am-\--kzcq-]s Adn-bp--Xp-sIm-p-m-Ip ^f- s- n ]d-bp- asmcp BNm-cys ASp- t]mtI Bh-iy-an-m-bn. a\-pssSbp Fm C{n-b-fpw AXns\ {]m]n- cp-p. hcp- Ws kao]w sNv `rKp C{]- Imcw {]mnp
msX Ahn-sS-\npw aS-n-h-cp-p. bmsXmcp {_m-\- "`K- h, Rm {_s Adn- bp-hm- \m-{K- ln-pp; BIs Adn-bp--Xn\p in Cu C{n-b
- pw a\- bm Zbhpmbn Av {_-XXzw Fs {Kln-n-mn\pw Cm-Xn-cn- p-pthm B ]c- {_- - ]- c-am- m- hns B epw. Atm hcp-W `rKp-hn-t\mSp ]dp "{]nbm
B\-s {Kln-n-p m\n-I-fmb alm-]p-cp-j-m Aw, {]mW, t\{Xw, t{im{Xw, a\-v, hmWn Ch- sbmw
Hcn-epw Btcbpw `b-s-Sp-n-. Ah Ftmgpw \n`- Xs {_-ns D]-e-_v[n-p hmXn-ep-I-fm-Ip-p.
Ch-sb-m-nepw {_-ns k kv^pcn-p-sIm-nb- cm-bn- cn-p-p.
cn-p-p. ""{]Xy--ambn ImW-s-Sp Fm Pohn-Ifpw
GXw l hmh \ X]-Xn. Inalw km[p \mI-c- bmsXm-cp--\n\npw D-hn-pthm D-hn-nv bmsXmhw. Inalw ]m]-a-I-c-h-a n-Xn. k b Ghw hnZzm- cp-s kl-tbm-K-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn, bmsXm-cp-s _ew
t\tX B m\w kv] rWp-tX. Dt` tlysshj {]m]n-p-sImv Pohn-p-p-hthm Poh-t\m-]-tbmK IGtX Bm\w kv]rWp-tX. b Ghw thZ. CXyp- \S-p--Xn ka-cm-bn-cn-p-Ibpw alm-{]-f-b]-\n-j -X v.
Im- e- n bmsXm- cp--\n hnebw {]m]n-p- Ibpw sNpm\nIfmb alm-]p-cp-j-mp bmsXmcp hn[-n- pthm At-ls icnv Adn-bp--Xn\v B{K-ln-q.''
ep-ap timI-fpw Dm-Ip-n-sv Cu h-\-bn C{Xbpw IqSn ]d-p- sIm- Sp-p. ""Atlw Xs- bm-Ipp
hy-am- n-bn-cn-p- p. apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p--X -\p-k- {_w'' C{]-Imcw ]nXm-hns D]-tZiw kzoI-cn-p-sImv
cnv ]c-am-m-hns\ Adn-n-cn-p hnZzm-m m\n- `rKp-ap\n {_- N-cy- tbpw ia-Z- amZn \nb-a--tfbpw ]menI Hcn-epw Hcp {]Im-c-nepw ""Fp-sImp Rm p-sImpw AXp-t]mse Fm t`mK-kp-J--fnepw XymKt{ijvT I--f-\p-jvTn-n-, As-n Rm ]m]- Iw ]q-I-amb kwb-a-tm-Sp-IqSn hkn-p-sImpw ]nXmFn\p sNbvXp?'' Fp Nnnv ZpxJ-a-\p-`h
- n-p-n-. hns D]-tZ- i- s-n Nnn- p. CXpXsbm- bn-cp- p Atv n-nv At-l-sa-pAhs a\-n ]pWy-I--fpsS ^e-kz-cq-]-amb l-ns X]-.v C{]-Imcw X]-a-\p-jT
sNbv
X
p?
Cmcyw
ASp
A\ph
mI

n hnh-cn-p- p.
D- a-temI {]m]vXn-p B{K- l-an-. ]m]-P-\n- X-amb \cI-s--n-bp `bhpw D]-{Z-hn-p-n-. tem`-n
\npw `b-P-\n- X-amb km-]-n\npw Ah Dbp- ZznXo-b m-\ p- h mIw
\np-p. ap]d m\n-I Bk-n-tbm-Sp-IqSn
Aw {_tXn hyPm-\m-Xv. Am-tyh JeznsNp ]pWyhpw ]m]hpw cp {]Im-c--fn-ep-ap
am\n
`qXm\n Pmb-t. At\ PmXm\n Poh-n.
I-sf P\-\-a- cW km-]-ns Imc-W- Fp
Aw
{]b-y-`n-kw-hn-i-o-Xn. XZzn-mb ]p\IcpXn cmK-tZz-j-tm-Sp-IqSn Ah-bn\npw XnIpw hntch
hcpWw
]nX-c -ap-] -k -k m-c . A[o-l n-` -Kthm
Ip ]c-am-m-hns Nn-bn hym]r-X-cmbn hkn-p{_t-Xn. Xwtlm-hm-N. X]km {_ hnPn-msImv Bm-hns kwc-Ww \n-ln-p-p.

`rKp- h n
{]Y-am-\p-hmIw
`rKpssh hmcp-Wnx, hcpWw ]nX-c-ap-]-kk
- mc
A[nln `Kthm {_t-Xn. Xkvam GXXv t{]mhm-

k-k z. Xt]m-{_-t-X n. k Xt]mX]yX. kX]kv X- ]vXzm.

]nXm-hns D]-tZiw A\p-k-cnv AwXs {_sav `rKp \n-bn-p. Fp-s Im-s - m ]nXmhp
]d {_-ns Fm e-W-fpw A-n
ImW-s-Sp-p. Fm Pohn- Ifpw A-n \npw A-

134

I ns ]cn-Wma `qX-amb hocy-n \npw D-hn-pp. Aw-sIm-p-Xs Ah-bpsS PohnXw kpc-n-Xambn \ne-\npp; ac-Wm-\-cw A-kz-cq-]-amb Cu
]rYzn-bnXs {]hn-jvS-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw \n-bn-nv
Atlw hopw ]nXm-hmb hcp-Ws ASp- hp.
hnp Xs \n-b-a-\p-k-cn-p--sXmw Atlw Adnbn- p.
]nXm-hmb hcp-W bmsXmcp adp-]-Snbpw ]dn-.
Atlw Nnnp ""Ch Ctm {_-ns qecq-]s am{Xw a\-n-em-n-bn-cn-p-p. hmkvX-hnI cq]w
hsc Chs _pn-sN-n-n-. AXn-\m Ch\v C\nbpw
X]-p-sImv Ipsd-qSn Nnn-t Bhiyw Dv.
Fm Ah Aev]sanepw a\-n-em-n-bXp Xp-amn-m-Wnv Ahs _pnsb \ncp-m-l-s-Sp-p-Xv
DNn-X-am-bn-cn--bn-. AXn-\m CXn\p adp-]Sn ]d-bm-Xn-cnp--Xm-bn-cnpw D-aw.'' ]nXm-hn-t\mSp Xm ]d
Imcyw AwKo- I-cn-p-sIm-p B e`n- m- -Xn-\m
`rKp hopw A`ynp "`K-h, Rm a\-n-em-nbXp icn-bm-bn-cn-p-n-s-n Av F\nv {_-XXzw
icn-bmbn D]-tZ-in-p-X-cq.'' Atm hcp-W ]dp "\o
X]-p-h-gn-bmbn {_-X-Xzs {Kln-p-hm- ]cn-{i-an-q.
Cu X]-p-Xs {_ kzcq-]-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m CXv
At-l-ns t_m[w \Ip--Xn kYm Ign-hp-Xm- bn-cn-p- p.' C{]-Imcw ]nXm- hns B e`n-nv `rKpa- ljn hopw BZy- t- tmse Xs Xt]m-ab PohnXw
\bn-p-sImv ]nXm-hn\npw BZyw e`y-amb D]-tZiw
A\p-k-cnv {_-kz-cq-]s \n-bn-p--Xn\p Nnn-phm XpS-n. C{]-Imcw X]--\p-jvTnv Atlw FpsNbvXp? Cmcyw ASp A\p-hm-I-n ]d-n- cn-pp.

XrXob A\p-hmIw
{]mtWm {_tXn hyPm-\m-X v. {]mtWm-tyh
Jezn-am\n `qXm\n Pmb-t. {]mtW\ PmXm\n Pohn. {]mWw {]b-y-`n-kw-hn-i-o-Xn. XZzn-mb
]p\- t ch hcWw ]nX- c - a p- ] - k - k m- c . A[oln
`Kthm {_t-Xn. Xwtlm-hm-N. X]km {_ hnPnm-k-kz. Xt]m {_t-Xn. k Xt]mX]y-X. k
X]-k vX -] vX zm.

A-{K-lWw \S--s-Sm-Xn-cp-m, AXp-t]mse Ackw ico-c

- ns Fm `mK--fnepw Fn-t-cm-Xn-cpm bmsXmcp Pohnpw Pohn-n-cn-phm km[y-a-.
ac-Wm-\-cw Fmw {]mW-\nXs {]th-in- p-p. arXi-co-c- {]mW \ne-\np-n-s-p-Xv {]Xy-ambn ImW-s-Sp-p. AXn-\m {]mW Xs {_-sap--Xn\v bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-. C{]-Imcw \nbw
sNbvXp-sImv Atlw hopw ]nXm-hns ASp-
sNp. t\c-t-bp-- Xp- t]m-se-Xs Xs A\p- `hsf
Adn-bn-p. ]nXmhv B ka-bpw bmsXmcp adp-]-Snbpw
sImSp-n-. Ch ap]n-e-t-m Ipsd-qSn kqvaX-bn-se-n-bn-cn-pp; Fm C\nbpw hf-sc-b-[nIw
{Kln-p-hm InS-p-p. AXn-\m adp-]Sn sImSp-m-Xncp-m Ahs Pnm-kbvv Hp-IqSn _e-ap-m-Ipw.
AXp-sImp adp-]Sn ]d-bm-Xn-cn-p-Xp icnbm-bn-cn-psap Atlw hnNm-cn- p. Xm ]d Imcy-n\p ]nXmhn\npw bmsXmcp adp-]-Snbpw e`n- m-Xn-cp- -Xp-Im- cWw
`rKp hopw At-l-tm-S-t]-np "`K-h, Ctmgpw
icn- b Rm a\- n-em- n-bsXn Av Ir]-tbm-Sp- IqSn
F\nv {_- XXzw D]- tZ- in-p- X- m- epw.' Atm hcp-W
hopw ]g-b-Xp-t]mse ]dp ""\o X]-p-hg- n-bmbn
{_s {Kln-p--Xn\p ]cn-{i-an-q. Cu X]w Xs
{_-am- Ip-p. AXm-bXv {_- X- Xzs {Kln- p--Xn- \p
{][m\ km[- \-b-Ip-p.'' C{]- Imcw ]nXm-hns B e`nnv `rKp-a-ljn hopw AtX {]Im-c-nXs X]p-jvTn- p- sImv ]nXm-hns D]tZis-n Nnn-p-sImn-cp-p. X]--\p-jT
v n-n-sImv Atlw Fp-sNbvXp?
CXv ASp A\p-hm-I-n ]d-bp-p.

NXpYm-\ p-h mIw

at\m {_tXn hyPm- \ m-X v. a\tkm tlyh
Jezn am\n `qXm\n Pmb-t. a\km PmXm\n Pohn. a\x {]b`nkwhnio-Xn. XZzn-mb ]p\tch hcpw ]nXc ap]-k -km-c . A[oln `Kthm
{_t-Xn. Xw tlmhm-N. X]km {_ hnPn-mk-kz. Xt]m {_t-Xn. k Xt]mX]y-X. k X]kv X- ]vXzm.

C-hW ]nXm-hns D]-tZ-i-a-\p-k-cnv a\-p-X-sbmWv {_- sap `rKp \n-bn- p. Atlw Nnn- p, ]nXmhn-\m ]d-b-s {_-ns Fm e-W-fpw a\]nXm-hns D]-tZ-im-\p-k-cWw `rKp X]-p-h-gn-bmbn
n ImW-s-Sp-p. a\-n\n-p-Xs Fm Pohn-Ifpw
{]mWXs {_w Fp Xocp-am\w sNbvXp. Atlw
D-hn-p-p. kv{Xobp-sSbpw ]pcp-j-sbpw am\-kn-INnn-p. ]nXm-hn-\m ]d-b-s {_-ns Fm eamb t{]a-]q-kw-tbm-K-n \npw Pohn _oP-cq-]W-fpw {]mW- \n ]q-ambn ImW- s-Sp- p. Fm Pohntm-Sp-IqSn amXm-hns K`-nhv D-hn-p-Ibpw
Ifpw {]mW-\n \npw D-hn-p-p. AXm-bXv PohnD-hn-nv a\-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-s C{n-b
- hgn Fm
p Hcp {]mWn-bn \npw AXn\p kZr-i-ambn asmPnhn-tXm-]-tbm-Kn-I-fmb hkvXp-sf D]t`mKw sNbvXp
p-- hn-p-Xv {]Xy-- ambn ImW-s-Sp-p. AXp- t]mse
Pohn-p-Ibpw ac-Wm-\-cw a\-n-te-bvp-Xs {]th-inFmw {]mW-\mXs Pohn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. izmkp-I bpw sNp-p. ac-W m-\ -cw Cu icoc- n
ns t]mp-h-chp \np-t]m-bm, {]mW aqe-ap

135

I {]mW\pw C{n-b- fpw \ne-\np-n-. AXn-\m a\-

m-hp-Xs {_-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw \n-bn--X n-\pp-Xs {_-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw \n-bn-p-sImv tijw Atlw BZy-t-Xp-t]m-se-Xs ]nXm-hmb hcpAtlw hopw ]g-Xp-t]mse ]nXm-hmb hcp-Ws ASp- Ws ASp- sNp. Atlw Xs Xocp-am\w
sNv Xs A\p-`hsf ]nXm-hns\ Adn-bn-p. ]nXmhns\ Adn-bn-p. C{]m-h-iyhpw hcp-W bmsXmcp
Cu {]mhiyhpw ]nXm-hn\npw bmsXmcp adp-]-Snbpw adp]-Snbpw ]dn-. Atlw Nnn-p. C{]mhiyw Ch
e`n-n-. "Ch apn-e-t-m F{Xtbm Bg-n-te-n- hf- scb[nIw {_- tm-S- Sp-n-cn-- p. Chs Nn-I
d-n-s-n-cn-p-p. Fm C\nbpw Ch Iptd-qSn qehpw kqvahpw Bb cp-X-c-n-ep PU-X-XzX]--\p-jT
v n--Ww. AXn-\m adp-]Sn ]d-bm-Xn-cn-p-Xp -fn\npw Dbv tNX-\-Po-hm-mhntemfw FnXs DNn-X-am-bn-cn-pw.' Fv hcp-W Nnn-p. ]nXm- bn-cn-p-p. Fm {_ kzcq-]-am-Is CXn-s\-m
hn\npw Xs Imcy-n\v bmsXmcp adp-]-Snbpw e`nm- Hsbpw t{ijvT-am-bn-cn-p-p. At-l-am-Is \nXym-\-- p-amb ]c-am-m-hm-Ip-p. Ch
-Xp-I m-cWw `rKp hopw apn-e -t-tm-se-X s kz-cq-]\pw AZzn- Xo-b\
A`ynp ""`K-h, Rm {Kln-n-cn-p-Xp icn-bm- C\nbpw Iptd-qSn X]--\p-jvTn-t-n-bn-cn-p-p. AXnbn-cn-p-n-s-n Av, Ir]-bp-mbn {_-c-lkyw \m adp-]Sn ]d-bm-Xn-cn-p--Xmbncnpw icn.'' C{]-Imcw
F\n-p-]-tZ-in-p-X-m-epw.'' Atm hcp-W hopw XpS-b mbn ]nXm-hn\npw bmsXmcp adp-]-Snbpw
AtX adp-]Sn Xs ]dp ""\o X]-p-hg- n-bmbn e`nm-Xn-cp-- Xp- Im- cWw `rKp lXm-it\m \ncm-it\m Bbn{_XXzs Adn-bp--Xn-\m-{K-ln-q, AXm-bXv X]-p- . Atlw ap]n-e-t-tmse hopw AtX {]m\
sN-bvXp-sImv Fs D]-tZ-i-s- n hopw Nnn-q. Xs \S-n. ""`K-h, Rm icn-b {Kln-n-cn-p-Cu Xt]m-c q-]-a m-Ip km[\ Xs {_-am-I p-p. sX-n Av Ir]-tbm-Sp-IqSn {_-c-lkyw F\n-p-]{_s {Kln-p--Xn\v CXn-\p-]-cn-bmbn ap bmsXm-cp- tZ- in-p-X-m-epw. Atm hcp-W hopw AtX Dcw
]m- b- fpw C.'' C{]-Imcw ]nXm-hns B e`np `rKp Xs \In ""\o X]-p-h- gn-bm-bn- -s {_-X-Xzs
hopw apt-tmse kwb-a-\-tm-Sp-IqSn Pohnv ]nXm- {Kln- p-hm-\ m-{K-l n- q. AXm-b Xv X]-kym-] qIw
hns D]-tZ-i-s-n Nnn-p. Nnn-nv Atlw Fp- AXns ]q-amb IY IYm-\p-k-cWw Nnn-q. X]w
sNbvXp F Imcyw ASp A\p-hm-I-n hnh-cn- Xs {_-am-Ip-p.'' C{]-Im-c-ap ]nXm-hns B
e`n-nv `rKp hopw ap]n-et- -tmse kwb-a-\-tmp-p.
Sp-IqSn Pohn-p-sImv ]nXm-hns D]-tZ-i-{]-Imcw Nnnp. Nnn- -Xn-\p-tijw Atlw Fp-sN-bvXp. CXp
]-am- \ p- h mIw
XpSp ]d-bp-p.

hnm\w {_tXn hyPm-\ m-X v. hnm-\ mtyh Jezn-am\n `qXm\n Pmb-t. hnm-t\\
PmXm\n Poh-n. hnm\w {]b-y-`n-kw-hn-i-oXn. XZzn- mb ]p\-tch hcpWw ]nX-c-ap-] m-kkm-c. A[o-ln-`-Kthm {_t-Xn. Xw tlm hmN.
X]km {_ hnPn-m-kk
- z. Xt]m-{_-t-Xn. k
Xt]mX]y-X. k X]-kvX-]vXzm.

jjvTm-\ p- h mIw

B\tm {_tXn hyPm-\m-X v. B\-m-ty-hJ-ezn-am\n `qXm\n Pmbm-t. B\-t\ PmXm\

Poh-n. B\w {]b-y-`n-kw-hn-i-o-Xn. sskjm
`mho hmcpWo hnZym ]cta thyma {]Xn-jvTnXm. k b Ghw thZ {]Xn-X n-j vT -Xn. A-hm-\ C{]m-hiyw `rKp ]nXm-hns D]-tZ- i-a-\p- k-cnv hnmmtZm `h-Xn. alm `hXn {]Pbm ]ip-`n{_-\-kz-cq-]-tN-X- \-bmb Pohm-m-hp-X s {_-a m-sWp
h-tk-\. alm Ioym.
\n-bn-p. Atlw Nnnp {_-ns eW--sfn ]nXmhp ]d-n-cn-p--sXmw ]q-ambpw CXn
ImW-s-Sp-p. Cu Fm {]mWn- Ifpw Pohm-m-hn \npXs D-hn- p- p. kPo-h-tN-X-\- bn \np- Xs {]mWnI-fpsS Dev]n {]Xy-- ambpw ImW-s-Sp-p. D-hn-nv
Cu hnm-\-kz-cq-]-amb Pohm-m-hn-\ms Pohnp-p. Pohm-mhp \ne-\n-evp-n-s-n a\-,v C{nb- , {]mW apX- emb bmsXm- n\pw Pohn-p- hm Ignbp-n- . bmsXm-n\pw AXn-t-Xmb tPmenI \n-lnp-hm km[n-p-n-. AXp-t]mse ac-Wm-\-cw a\v
apX-em-b -h-sbmw Pohm- m-hnXs hne-b n-p-p.
Poh t]mb- Xn- \p-ti-jap arX- i-co-c- n Ch- sbmpw
ImW-s-Sp-n-. AXn-\m hnm\ kzcq-]-amb Pohm-

C-hW `rKp ]nXm-hns D]-tZ-is

- -n AKm-[ambn Nnn-nv B\w {_w Xs F Xocp-am-\-nse-n. ""Cu B\--a-b-\mb ]c-am-m-hp-X- s- bmWv Aa-bm-Zn-I-fmb Fm-n-sbpw A-cm-m-hm-Ip--Xv. Ahsb-mw-Xs At-l-ns qe-cq-]--fm-Ip-p. Cu
Imc-Ww-sIm-p-X s Ah-bn {_-_p-n-bp- m-IpIbpw {_-ns Bwin-Ie
-
- Ww {]I-S-am-hp-Ibpw
sNp-p. Fm kt-iz-cs\ At]-np {_ns eWw B\--n ImW-s-Sp-p. Fp-sIms-m, Cu Pohn-I-sfmw B\--kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-{_-]-c-am-m-hn\n-p-Xs krjvSn-bpsS Bcw-`-n
D-hn-n-cn-p-p. Ch-sb-m- n-sbpw BZn-Im-cWw

136

I t]mepw Atlw Xs-bm-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse Cu B-abs B\-

- ns teiw e`n-n-p-Xs Cu {]mWnIsfmw Pohn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Bcpw ZpxJ-tm-Sp-IqSn
Pohn-p-hm-\n-jSv -s-Sp-n-. am{X-hp-a-, B\--a-b- \mb B
km--cym-an-bmb ]c-am-m-hns ANn-y-i-n-bpsS
t{]c-W-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-s Cu temI-nse Fm Pohn-Ifp-sSbpw Fm {]h-\-fpw \S-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
At-l-ns `c-W-n Ign-bp kqcym-Zn-I AXmXp-I-fpsS tPmen-I \n-ln-m-Xn- cn- p-I-bm- sW-n Hcp
W-t\cw t]mepw bmsXmcp {]mWnpw Pohn-n-cn-phm km[n- p- - X-. AJn- e-n-tbpw Pohm-[mcw hmkvXh-n B\--kz-cq-]-\mb B ]c-am-m-hmIpp. AXpt]mse Fm Pohn-I-fmepw \nd-bs
- Cu {_mWvUw
{]f-bI
- m-e-n At-l
- ns eo\-am-Ip-Ibpw
sNp-p. Atlw Xs Fm {]Im-c-nepw kZm
AJn-e-n-tbpw B{i-b-am-Ip-p. C{]-Im-c-ap A\p-`h-a p- m-b -t m `rKp-h n\p ]c- {_- -s - - nbp
bYm m\w Dm-bn. ]noSv At-l- n\p bmsXmcp-hn[amb Pnm-kbpw Ahtijn-n-. {ipXn-kz-b-ambn
B hnZy-bpsS alna Adn-bn-p--Xn-\p-thn ]d-bpp
AXp-Xs hcp-W-\m ]d-b-s-Xpw `rKp-hn\p e`y-am-bXp-amb {_-hnZy ({_--c-lkyw shfn-s-Sp-p hnZy).
Cu hnZy hnip BIm-i-kz-cq-]a
- m-Ip ]c-{_ ]c-amm-hn nXn-sN-p-p. Atlw Xs Cu hnZy-bptSbpw B[m-cw. bmsXm-cp- `rKp-hn-s\-tmse X]-kym]qw CXn-s\-n Nnn-nv ]c-am-\-k
- z-cq-]-\mb ]c-amm-hns\ Xncn--dn-bp-pthm Ah\pw Ahn-ip--]-c-am-\
]c-am-m-hn nX- \m-bn-o-cp-p. C{]-Imcw Cu hnZybpsS hmkvX-hn-I-^ew ]d-nv a\pjysc B km[-\bpsS t\tc Xncn-p-hn-Sp--Xn\v D]-cyp--amb coXn-bn
A {]mWmZn kakvX XXzfp-tSbpw cl-ky-hn-m\
]q-I-amb {_s Adnbp m\n-I-fpsS ico-cepw Ax-Ic
- -W-nepw kzm`m-hn-Ia
- m-bp--hn-p
Akm-[m-c-W-amb in- sbn {ipXn ]d-bpp Ah
\m\m {]Im- c - n- e p- a p Poh- \ - b - t {Xm- ] - t bm- K n- I t`mKfn k--\m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw Ah-sb- m-nt\bpw tkhn-p--Xn-\p kmayw Ah-\n h-tNcp-Ibpw sNp-p. AXm-bXv Ahs a\-,v C{n-b-,
icocw Ch \nhn-Im-chpw \otcm-Khpw Bbn-o-cp-p.
am{X-hp-a-, Ah km-\-, arK-, {_-tX-Pv
henb Ion Ch-bm kar- -\m-bnv temI-n kt{i-jT
v -\mbn am\n--s-Sp-p.

]m-b-aptm? CXn\p adp-]-Sn-bmbn Ch-sbmw {]m]n-p-Xn-\p ap-]m-b- ]d-bpp

Aw \ \nym- X v . XZv { h- X w, {]mtWm hm

Aw. ico-c-a-m-Zw, {]mtW icocw {]Xn-jvTn-Xw.
icotc {]mWx {]Xn-jvTn-Xx. XtZ-X-Z--at {]XnjvTn-Xw. k b GX-Z--at {]Xn-jvTnXw thZ {]XnXn-jvT-Xn. A-hm-\ -mtZm `h-X n. alm `hXn
{]Pbm ]ip-`n_v-h-tk\ alm Ioym.

ChnsS A-ns al-Xzs hnh-cn-nv AXv Adnbp--Xp-sIm-p-m-Ip ^es Adn-bn-p-p. AXmbXv bmsXmcp a\p-jy Am-Zn-I-fm k--\m-Ip-hm
B{K- ln-p-pthm Ah Ghpw BZy-ambn "Rm Hcnepw As \nn-p-I-bn' Fp {hXw AwKo-Icn--Ww. GsX-nepw Hcp hkvXp-hns\ e`n-p-hm a\pjy-\m-{K-ln-p-pthm AXns\ kw_-n Hcp al-Xz-_pn-bp-m-bn-cn--W-sa-Xv Hcp km[m-cW \nbaw am{X-amIp-p. Atm AXv Ah-\p-th-nbpw {]b-X\
v n-pw. Hcp\v GsX-nepw Hn hnc-k-_p-n-bmWv tXmp--sXn Ahs t\sc AXp Ip-Xp-d-p-t\m-p-I-t]mepw
sNp-I-bn-. As \nn- p-I-b n-s - p {hXw
kzoI-cn--Ww. Aw Xs {]mW\pw {]mW Xs
Ahpw BIp- p. Fp- sIm-s- m A-n \npXs {]mW-_ew Dm-hp-Ibpw {]mW-i-n-bn \npXs A-a-b-i -co-c- n Poh-i- n-b p- m-Ip-Ibpw
sNpp Fp A-ns al-Xzs a\-n-em-Ww. ico-c
- n A-c-ks k{X hym]n-n-p-Xp-sImv ChnsS {]mWs\ A-sap ]d-n-cn-p-p.
icocw {]mWs B[m-c-n Dd- p-\n- evp-p. AXn-\m
AXv {]mW-cq-]-amb A- ns t`mm-hm-Ip-p. icocw
{]mW-\n nXn-sN-p- p. AXm-bXv ico- c- ns nXn
{]mWm-[o-\m-bn-cn-p-Ibpw {]mW ico-c-n nX-ambn-cn- p- Ibpw sNp-p. {]mWs B[mcw ico-c-am-Ipp.
Cmcyw {]Xy- - am- W-sm. C{]-Imcw Cu A- a- b-i-cocw
A-am- Ip-p. {]mW\v Blmcw e`y- am-Im-Xn-cp- m AXp
ico-c-nse [mXp--sf-s DW-n--f-bp-sa-p-Xv
A\p-`-h-kn--amb hnj-ba
- m-Wv. Atm ico-c-ns
nXn {]mW[o\- am- b- Xp- Im-cWw {]mW\pw Aw-X-sbm-Ip-p. AXn-\m ico-c-n\pw {]mW\pw ]c-k]
v -cm-{ib-_-- ap--Xn-\m A- ns Aw nXn-sNpp Fp ]d-b-s-Sp-p. bmsXm-cp- Cu clkyw
a\-n-em-p-pthm Ah-\p-Xs ico-chpw {]mW\pw
cn-tbpw D]-tbmKw icn-bmbn \S-p-hm Ign-bp-p.
AXn-\m ico-c-n- sbpw {]mW-sbpw hnm-\-n
k]vX - am-\ p- h mIw
]mc-MvK-X-\m-bp--h Cu hnm-\-ns ^e-kz-cq-]kw_w {_lva-m\n Aw, {]P (km\w) apX- ambn Fm {]Im-c - n-e p- a p t`mK-h -k vX p- -f m
em-b-h-bm k--\m-bn-o-cp-sa Imcyw ]d-p-I-gn- bp\pw Ahsb D]-tbm-K- n sImp-h-cp--Xn-\p
p. Atm Hcp kwi- b-ap-m-Ip-Xv Cu Fm knn- in-bn k-- \p-am-bn- o-cp-sap ]d-b-s-n-cn-p-p.
Ifpw {_-km-m-Xvmcw {]m]n--Xn-\p-ta am{Xta e`y- IqSmsX Ah km-\-, \m\m-hn[ arK, {_am-I-bptm AYhm Ch-sbmw {]m]n-p--Xn-\p ap- tX- P-v Ch-bm k--\mbn alm-\m-b n-o-c p-p.

137

I Ion, biv Ch temI-n hym]n-p-Ibpw XZzmcm

Ah temI-n alm-\m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNp-p.

AjvS-am-\ p- h mIw
Aw \ ]cnNoX. XZv {hXw. Bt]m hm
Aw. tPymXn-c
- m-Zw. A]vkp tPymXnx {]Xn-jvTnXw. tPymXn-j ym]x {]Xn-jvTn-Xmx. XtZ-X-Z- -at
{]Xn-jvTn-Xw. k b GX-Z--at {]Xn-jvTnXw thZ
{]Xn-Xn-j vT -X n. A hm\- mtZm `h-X n. alm
`hXn {]Pbm ]ip-` n{_- -h N-tk- \ . alm
Ioym.

\n]p-W-\mbn `hn-p-p. Fp-sIm-s-m Ah\v Cu

cn-sbpw icn-bmb D]-tbmKw \S-p-hm Ign-bp-p.
CXns ^e-ambn Ah Fm-hn[ t`mK-km-a-{Kn- If
- m
k-\pw Ah-sbmw bYm-tbmKyw D]-t`mKw \S-p-Xn Ign-hp-h
- \pw Bbn-o-cp-p. AXp-Im-cWw
Ah km-\fmepw \m\m-hn[ arK--fmepw {_-tXP-n-\mepw k--\mbn alm-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah bikznbpw Xm-c-W-m alm-\p-am-bn-o-cp-p.

\h- am-\ p- h mIw

Aw _lp Iho-X. XZv {hXw. ]rYnho hm

Aw. BImtimmZx. ]rYn-hym-am-I mix {]XnChnsS Pe-tbpw tPymXn-n-t\bpw A-cq-]a
- mbn
jvTn-Xx. BImti ]rYnho {]Xn-jvTn-Xm. XtZ-X-Z-]d-p-sImv Ahsb Adn-bp--Xn \np-m-Ip
at {]Xn-jvTn-Xw. k b GX-Z--at {]Xn-jvTnXw
^ew ]d- bp-p. bmsXmcp a\p-jy\v Aw apX-em- b-h-bm
thZ {]Xn-Xn-jvT-Xn. A-hm-\-mtZm `h-Xn. alm
k--\ m-I -W -s av B{K-l -ap- m-I p- pthm Ah
`hXn {]Pbm ]ip-` n{_- -h -tk- \ . alm
""Rms\m- c n- epw As Ah- t l- f n- p- I - b n- ,
Ioym.
As Zpcp-]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-Itbm AXns\ Fn-ens
cq]-n Dt]-np If-bp-I-tbm-bn'' Fp \nbaw
Ahiyw ]men-n-cn--Ww. Hcp- GsX-nepw hkvXphns\ A\m-Z-cn--bm-sW-n AXn-t\mSv Dt]-m-_pn
kzoI-cn-p-p-sh-n B hkvXp Ahs\ Hcn-epw hcnp-I-bn Fp-Xv km[m-cW \nbaw am{X-ta-bm-Ip-pq. GsX-nepw hkvXp-hns\ {]m]n--Ws
- a-n AXnt\mSv BZ-c-_pn {]I-Sn-n-t-Xv ]c-a-amb I-hy-amIp-p. Hcp-\v Hcp hkvXp-hn BZ-c-hn-t-Xmb at\m`mhw Dm-Ip-n- s-n Ah AXns\ {]m]n--W-sav
Fn-\m- {K- ln- pp? Pew Xs A- am-Ip-p. Fp-sIms-m Fm-bn-\-n-ep-ap Aw, `y-]Z- m, Pe-n\n-p-Xs D-hn-p-Ibpw tPymXn-v,
tXP-v, Xs Cu Pe-cq-]a
- m-Ip As `n-pIbpw sNp-p. C{]-Imcw As Ah-tl-fn--bn-sp {hXw kzoI-cn-p-sImv apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p
A-ns Cu XXzs \mbn a\-n-em-p-Ibpw
thWw. Anbpw kqcy-c-ivan-Ifpw F{]-Imcw Pe-I-Wsf timjn-np If-bp-pthm AtX {]Imcw ico-c-nep PT-cmn ico-c
- nse Pemw-i-X-Xz-sf timjn-np- p. Pe-n tPymXnv {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn- cn-p-p. CXpt]mse tXP-nepw Pew nXn-sN-pp Fp-Xp
\app {]Xy--ambn ImWp-hm Ign-bp-p. Fp-sIms- m kqcys {]Jc Inc-W--fn nXn-sN-p
Pew Xs \psS apn hrjvSn-bmbn hjn--s-Spp. C{]-Imcw Pehpw tXPpw At\ym-\ym-{i-b--fm-bncn-p-Xp ImcWw A- cq-]-amb Fm `y-]-Zm-fp-tSbpw Imc-W-am- Ip- p; Bb- Xn-\m Ch- Xs Ah- bpsS
cq]-n ]cn-W-an-n-cn-p-p. AXn-\m cpw Aw
Xs-bm-Ip-p. Cs\ Aw Xs A-n {]XnjvTn-X- am-bn-cn-p-p. bmsXmcp a\p-jy Cu XXzw a\-nem-p-pthm Ah Cu cn-sbpw hnm-\
- n

ChnsS BIm-i-tbpw `qan-tbbpw A-cq-]a

- mbn
]dv Ah-b psS XXzs Adn-b p--X p-s Im- p
^es hnh-cn-p-p. bmsXmcp a\p-jy\p `y-[m-\y kar-n-bm-bp-m-Ip--Xn-\p A`n-emjw Dm-Ipp-thm, Ah BZy-ambn Cu {hX-n An ZrVamb Hcp k-e v]-n Fn-b n-c n-Ww "Rm
As hf-sc-b-[n-I-ambn hn-npw' Fv. GsXnepw hkvXp-hn-t\m-Sp Aan-X-amb A`yp-Zbw Xs
AXns\ hf-W-sa-p A`n-emjw Xs, AXns\
BIjn-p--Xn-\p Ghpw t{ijvT-amb D]m-b-am-Ipp. bmsXm-cp- GsX-n-ep-samcp hkvXp-hns\ Ae-yambn ssIImcyw sNp-Ib
- m-sW-n B hkvXp-hns\
Ah\v Hcn-epw {]m]n-p-hm km[n-p-n AYhm e`yam-Ip-Ib
- m-sW-n Xs AXp \ne-\np-p-an-.
CXn\ptijw ]rYzn Xs A-am-sW- p A- ns
XXzw icn-bmbn a\-n-em- -Ww. F{X- sbmw A- aptm
Ah-sbmw ]rYzn-bn\n-p-Xs Dm-Ip-Ibpw Cu
]rYznsb Xn-tev BIjn- p-sIm-n- cn-p--Xns B
[mc-`q-X-amb BImiw Cu A- ns t`mhpw BIpp. `qan-bn BImiw nXn-sN-p-p, Fp-sIm-sm AXv k-hym-]n-bm-Ipp; BIm-i-n ]rYzn
nXn-sN-pp Fp Imcyhpw {]Xy--am-Ip-p. Ch
cpw Hp asm-n-m-[m-c-am-bn-cn-p--Xp-Im-cWw Akz-cq-]-am-Ip-p. ]-a-lm-`q-X--fn BImiw BZytXpw `qan Ah-km-\-t-Xp-amb XXz--fm-Ip-p. CSbvp aqp XXz-fpw Ch-bn AK-X--fm-Wv.
kakvX t`mKy-]Z- m-cq-]-amb Aw Cu ]-a-lm_qXfpsS {]h-\-am-Wv. AXn-\m Chbpw Ans cq]-n nXn-sN-p-p. CXp-sImv An Xs Aw {]Xn-jT
v n--s-n-cn-p-p. bmsXm-cp Cu Imcyw XmXzn-I-ambn {Kln-p-pthm ]rYzo-cq-

138

I ]-amb A-n BIm-i-cq-]-am-Ip Ahpw BIm-i-

"R-fpsS lrZ-b
- n \np \Ip--Xn\p \
cq-]-am-Ip A-n ]rYzo-cq-]-am-Ip Ahpw {]Xn- `- Wtam Xma- kn- p- -Xn\p etam C' Fv Atlw
jvTn-X- a-mbn-cn-pp Fv Ah\v BIm-im-Zn-bmb ]- Hcn-epw ]d-bp-I-bn-. bmsXm-cp- Xs Krl-n-em`q-X- sf bYmtbmKyw D]-tbm-Kn-p-hm Ign- bp- p. AXn- K-X-\m-Ip AXn-Ynsb AXy-[n-I-amb BZ-c-km-c\m Ah Cu hnj-b-n ka-\mbpw `hn-p-p. ]qw D- a-`m-h-tm-Sp-IqSn \ hkvXp-- fm tkh\w
Cu hnm-\-ns ^e-ambn Ah Fm {]Im-c--fn- sNp-pthm Ahs\ {i-tbm-Sp-IqSn Dm-n-bn-p
ep-ap t`mKy-h-kvXpfmepw Ahsb D]t`mKn-p--Xn- t`mP-\-h-kvXp--fm Xr]vX-\m--s-Sp-pthm Ah\pw
\p in-bmepw k--\m-bn-o-cp-p. AXn-\m D-a-`m-K-n Aw e`y-am-Ip-p. AXm-bXv Ah\p
A h k m\- - f m , \m\m- { ]- I m- c - - f n- e p t`mKy-]-Zm--f psS k-m Z-\ -n IjvS -s -tS
- ns {]`m-harKfm, hnZy-bpsS tXP-n-\m ka\pw alm-\p- Bhiyw Dm-Ip-n-. AXnYn tkh-\
am-bn-o-cp-p. Ah-s biv temIw apgp-h hym]n- n \npw Ah\p bmsXm-n-tbpw Ipd-hp-m-Ip-np-p. AXn-\m Bbp-p-hg- n-bm-bnpw Ah alm-\m- . Abm-fpsS Fm Bhiyfpw A\m-bm-k-a mbn
]qo-Ic
- nsSp-p. Ah hon hcp AXn-Ynsb
bn- o-cp-p.
a[y`mh-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWp k-cn-p--sX-n, AXmbXp km[m- c - W - c o- X n- b n ` Ww \ Ip- I bpw
Zi-am- \ p-h mIw
{]tXyIamb _lp-am-\-sampw {]I-Sn-n-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bp\ IwN\ hkXu {]Xym-N-o-X. XXv{h-Xw. X am-sW-n Ah\pw km[m-c-W-co-Xn-bn Aw e`y-am-IpkvamZybm Ibm N hn[bm _lzmw {]m]v\p-bm- p. AXm-bXv A-h-k{v Xm-Zn-I-fpsS kw`-c-W-n km[mXv . Bcm- ykva m A-an-X ymNtX. GXssZz c-W-bn Ihnv _pn-ap-t--Xmbn hcp-p. GXp `mhapJtXmw cmw. apJXmkvam Aw cm[y-tX. tm-Sp-IqSn Ah AXn-Ynp \Ip-pthm AtX-`m-hGXssZz a[ytXmwcm-w. a[ytXmkvam Aw tm- Sp- IqSn A{Xbpw Ipd-hmb BZ- c- thm-Sp-IqSn B hkvXpc m[ y- t X .
G X Zzm
A tX m w c m- w . e`n-p-p. CXp-t]m-se- Xs An-a- `m-h-tm-Sp-IqSn
AtXmkvam Aw cm[y-tX. b Ghw thZ.
AXm-bXv bmsXm-cp-hn-[-amb BZ-chpw {]I-Sn-n-msX
- m-bn--cpXn AXn-Yn-tk-h\w \SCu A\p-hm-I-n AXn-Yn-tk-hb
- psS al-Xzhpw \nm-c-`m-h-n `mc- -]a
pI
b
ms
W
n

Ah
\nIrjvS`mh-tm-Sp-IqSn A{i^ehpw ]d-n-cn-p-p. bmsXm-cp- AXn-Yn-tk-h-\a
mbn
Xmd
m
s

`Ww
\In k- cn-p-I-bmns ]q-amb ^ew In-Wsam{K-ln-p-pthm
Ah BZy-ambn Xs hon GsXnepw AXnYn B{i- sW-n Ah\pw AtX-co- Xn-bn-ep ]Zm- AtX
bs B{K-lnp hcp-s-n Xm Hcn-epw tami- amb `mh-tm-Sp-IqSn e`n-p-p. AXm-bXv Ahsb {]m]n-padp-]Sn ]dp aSn Ab-bvp-I-bn F \nbaw -Xn\v Ah hf-scb[nIw IjvS-s-tS-- Xmbn hcp-p.
v p-Xn-bm ktm-jn-n-t-- Xmbn hcpkzoI-cn--Ww. "AXnYn tZthm `h' AXn-Ynsb tZh-_p- Bfp-Isf apJ-kX
n-tbm-Sp-IqSn tkhn-pI F D]-tZiw Kpcp apJ-p- p. bmsXm-cp- C{]-Imcw Cu cl-kys {Kln-p\npw thZm-y-b\w \S-n-bn-p injy\p sImSpp pthm Ah D-a- amb coX-bn hnip-- amb `mh-tmIgn- n-p--Xm-Wv. C{]-Im-c-ap \nbaw ]men- m Sp-IqSn AXn- Yn-tk-h\w \Sn ktm--a-amb ^ew {]mam{Xta AXn-Yn-tk-h\w kmy-am-Ip-Ib
- p-q. Cu {hXw ]n-p-p.
kzoI-cnv AXns\ ]men-p--Xn-\p-thn Xsbpw IpSpw- kw_w C\n ]c-am-m-hns hn`q-Xn-cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSn
_-n-sbpw Bhiyn-\p-thn am{X-a-msX GsX- k{X Nnn-t-- Xmb hn[s \nt-in-p-p.
nepw \ymtbm-Nn-X-amb am-nqSn hfscb[nIw
ta CXn hmNn. tbmKta CXn {]mWm-]mAw D]mn--Ww. [\w, k-v, Aw Cs\
\-tbmx. ItXn lkvXt- bmx. KXn-cnXn ]mZ-tbmx.
ico-c- t]m-j-W-n-\p-th-n- bp kma-{Kn-Isf km- Zn-phnap-n-c nXn ]mbu. CXn am\p-jox. kam- mx.
-Xn\v F{Xtbm \ymtbm-Nn-X-amb amfp-tm, AXpAX ssZhox. Xr]vXn-cn-Xn. hrjvSu. _e-anXn hnZypt]mse Ign A\p- hm-I--fn-embn GsXmw D]m- b-
Xn. bi CXn ]ip-jp. tPymXn-cnXn \t{X-j p.
]d-n-ptm Ah GsX-nepw aptJ\ hf-sc-b-[nIw
{] Pm- X n- c - a r - X - a m- \ C X yp- ] - t . k - a nBlm-c-h-kvXp- km-Zn- -Ww. AXm-bXv AXnYn tkhXymImti.
\-n-\mbn Ah-iy-hk
- vXp- A[n-Ia
- m-{X-bn kw`-cn-Ww. Fp-sIm-s- m AXn-Yn-tk-h\w Krtlm-Nn-XChnsS ]c-ta-iz-c s hn`q-Xn-I sf kwt- ]-ambn
amb kZm-Nm-c-ns Hgn-p-Iq-Sm ]mSn-m AwK-am-Ip- hn-n-cn-p-p. kXy-kz- cq-]-amb hmWn-bn Biohmp. am\y\pw tbmKy-\p-amb a\p-jy hon hcp AXn- Zm-ZnIaqew c \Ip--Xn-\p in {]Xo- X-am-Ip-pYn-tbmSv C{]-Imcw ]d-bpp "hcp, hcp, Ccn-p, `Ww thm, AXns cq]-n AhnsS ]c-am-m-hns nXnXm-dm-b n-cn-p-p. `Ww Ignm-epw.' Fn--s\. bp-m-Ip-p. {]mW-\nepw A]m-\-\nepw Poh-t\m-]-tbm-Kn-

139

I bmb hkvXp-sf BIjn-p--Xn\pw Pohs\ cnp-Xn-\p-ap GsXmcp in-bp-m-bn-cn-p-pthm AXpw

]c-am-m-hns Awi-am-Ip-p. AtX-{]-Imcw ssIIfn
{]hn-p--Xn-\p inbpw ]mZ--fn Nen-p-Xn-\p inbpw ae-Zzm-c-n ae-hn-k-\-n-\p
inbpw ]c-am-m-hn-t-Xm-Ip-p. Cu Fm iIvXnIfpw
]ctaizcs in-bpsS Hcwiw Xs-bm-Wv. CsXmw
ImWp a\p-jy ]c-ta-iz-cs k-bn hniz-kn-pI
Xs thWw. CXv am\p-jn-Ia
- mb aln-a-bm-Wv. AXm-bXv
a\p-jys ico-c
- n {]Xo-X-am-Ip ]c-am-m-hns
in-bpsS kwt-]
- n ZnKvZi\w sN-s-Sp-p.
CXns\ Bym-n-I-amb (i-co-c- kw-_-n) D]m-k- \-sbp
]d-bp-p. CXp-t]mse Xs ssZhn- I-]-Zm--fn {]Xy-ambn ImW-s -Sp insb hn- p-p. CXv
ssZhnI (B[nssZ-hnI) amb D]m-k-\-bm-W.v hrjvSn-bn
bmsXm-cp-hn-[-amb Am-ZnIsf D-hn-n-p--Xn\pw Pe{]-Zm\w aqew AJn-e-tbpw Xr]vXn-s-Sp-p--Xn-\p
inbpw \{X--fn AXm-bXv kqcy, N{, XmcmK-W- Ch-bn ImW- s- Sp {]Imifpw enwK- n
\ne-\np km-t\m- e]
v m-Z-\-i- nbpw hocy-cq-]-n
cbpw B\-hpw \Ip--Xn-\p inbpw AXpt]mse BIm-i-n Fm-n-s\bpw \ne-\np
inbpw k hym]-IX
- z-n-sbpw As\ Fm
{]Im-c-n-ep-ap inbpw ]c-ta-iz-cs ANn-yhpw
A]m-ch
- p-amb in-bpsS GtXm Hcw-i-ns {]kv^pcWw am{X-am-Ip-p. Ch-sbmw Iv a\p-jy k{X
GI-\mb ]c-am-m-hns hym]-I-X-bpsS clkyw a\-nem- -Ww.
kw_\v[w C\n hnhn[ `mh--tfm-Sp-IqSn \S--s-Sp
D]m-k-\IfpsS ^e-k-ln-X-amb h\w \S--s-Sp-p

XXv {]Xn-jvtT-Xyp-]m-ko-X. {]Xn-jvTm-h m `hXn. Xl CXyp-] m- k o-X . alm `h- X n. X\

CXyp-]mkoX . am\-hm `h-X n. Xa CXyp-] mko-X. \aytkvs sa Imamx. XZv {_t-Xyp-]mko-X. {_-hm `h-Xn. XZv {_Wx ]cn-ac CXyp]m-ko-X. ]tcyWw {anbt Zznjx k]Xv\mx. ]cn
tb{]nbm {`mXr-hymx.
Cu a{n kIm-tam-]m- k-\-bpsS `n--fmb ^esf hnh-cn-p-p. {]XnjvT B{K-ln-p ]pcp-j
Xs D]m-ky-tZ-hs {]Xn-jvT-bpsS cq]-n D]m-k\
\S--s. AXm-bXv "B D]m-ky-tZ-h Xs Fm-nsbpw {]XnjvT AJn-e-n-sbpw B[mcw' BIp-p.
Cu `mh\tbm- Sp-Iq-Sn At-ls Nnn--s. temI- n
A-s\-bp D]m-k-I\v {]XnjvT e`n-p-p. alXzw
{]m]n-p--Xn-\p-thn Xs D]m-ky-tZ-hs\ "alm'
Fp IcpXn At-ls D]m-kn-pp Fn Ah
alm-\m-bn-o-cp-p, al-Xzs {]m]n-p-p. Xs D]mky-tZ-hs\ alm a\kzn Fp IcpXn a\\in {]m]n-

p--Xn-\p-thn AXns\ D]m-kn-pp Fn B D]mk-I \\w sNp--Xn-\p hnti-j-i-nsb {]m]n-pp. C{]-Imcw bmsXm-cp- Xs D]m-ky-tZ-h-Xsb \akvm-c-tbm-Ky-\mb inim-en-bmbncpXn A-s\bp in {]m]n-p--Xn-\p-thn At-ls D]m-knpp Fn Ah kzbw \a-k
v m-c-tbm-Ky-\m-bn-ocp-p. Fm A`nemjfpw ssIIqn Ahs apn
\np-p. Fm t`mKfpw kzb-ambn Ahs Nc-W-fn ]Xn-p-p. A\m-bm-k-am-bn-s Fm t`mK-hkvXp- fpw Ah\p e`y-am-Ip-p. bmsXm- cp- Xs D]mky-tZ-hs\ Ghpw henb km-[m-c-amb {_w Fp
IcpXn AXns\ {]m]n- p- - Xn-\p-thn D]m- k\ \S-pp
Fn Ah {_-m-\n-bm-bn-o-cp-p, AXm-bXv
k-i-n-am-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c Ahs kz-am-bn-o-cpp. Ah--[o- \- ambn `hn- p-p. bmsXmcp Xs D]mky-tZ-h-Xsb {_w-h-gn-bmbn Fm-n-t\bpw kwl-cn-W-sap \n- bn--s A[n- Im-cn- tZ- h Fp IcpXn D]mkn-p-I-bm-sW-n Ah-t\mSp hntZz-j-ap Fm i{Xpfpw kzbw \in-p-p. AXp-t]mse bmsXm-cp-
Ahs A]-Im-cn-Ifpw A{]n-bc
- p-amb _p- Bbncn-p-p-htem Ahcpw \in-p-t]m-Ip-p. hmkvX-h
- n
GsX-nepw cq]-n GsX-nepw D]m-ky-tZ-h-Xsb D]mkn-p-Ib
- m-sW-n AXv {]Im-cm--c-ambn ]c-{_ ]cta-iz-cs D]m-k-\-X-s-bm-Ip-p. Fm kIm-a-cmb
a\p-jy Am-\him Cu clkyw {Kln-m-Xn-cn-p-Xp-Im-cWw `n-`n--i-n-I-fm bp-amb `n `n
tZh-X-I-fpsS `n-`n A`n-em-j
- -fp-sS-kn-n-p-th-n
D]m-k \ \Snsmn-c n- p- p. AXn-\ m Ah
bYm-Kp-W- -fm hn- X-cm-bn-o-cp-p. AXp- sImv
a\p-jy Cu clkyw \mbn {Klnv AJn-e-tZ-h-m-cptSbpw tZh-\mb k-i-n-am-\mb ]c-am-m-hns D]mk\ At-ls s {]m]n-p-- Xn-\p-thn sN-s.
At-l-n\npw asmpw B{K-ln--cp-Xv.
kw_w GI\mb ]c-am-mhv k{X ]cn-]q-\mIp-p. Cmcyw {Klnv At-ls {]m]n-p--Xp-sImp ^ehpw {]m]n-p--h-cpsS nXnbpw hn-pp.

k bmbw ]pcptj bm-k m- h m-ZntXy k

GIx. k b Ghw-hn-Xv. Akvam-tm-I m-X vt{]-Xy.
GXa a-b -am- m\ap]-k w-{I-ay. GXw {]mW-ab-XvZ-a-\-ap-]-kw-{I-ay. GXw at\m-a-b-am-m\ ap]kw-{I-ay. GXw hnm- \ -a -b - am- m\ ap]wkw
{Iay. GX-am-\--ab amm\ ap]-kw-{I-ay. Camwtm-ImIm-amo Ima-cq]y \pkw-Nc
- . GXvkmXa Kmb-m-kvtX.
GsXmcp ]c-am-m-hns\ krjvSn-nXn kwlm-c-fpsS Imc-W-ambn apt hnp Ign-n-cn-p-pthm
bmsXm-c p- ]c- a m- \ - -k z- c q- ] -\ m-b n-c n- p- p-thm,

140

I Atlw Cu ]pcp-j-\n AXm-bXv a\p-jy-cnepw kqcy-

amb Ahybw BIp-p. B alm-]p-cp-j ]d-bp-p. CXp

v p\nepw Hp-X- s- bm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv Fm Pohn-I-fnepw hfsc B-cy-I- c- amb kwK- Xn- bm- Ip-p. Fm t`mK- h- kX
A- cym- an- bmbn hncm- Pn-p- Xv Htc Hcp ]c- am-mhp Xs- fpw Ahsb A\p-`-hn-p Pohm-mhpw Ch cnbm-Ip-p. hnhn-[-cq-]--fn At-l
- ns {]Im-i\w t\bpw kwtbm-Pn-n-p ]c-ta-iz-c\pw Rm Xs-bmkw`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. bmsXmcp a\p-jy Cu XXzw Ip-p. Rm Xs Cu {]Xy--ambn ImW-s-Sp PK\mbn {Kln- p- pthm Ah h-am\ ico- cs Dt]- n tZh-X-Ipw apmbn Fm-nepw {][m-\-ambn
- z-cq-]-amb
n-p--Xn-\p-ta, A-ab Bm-hv, {]mW-a-b-B-m- {]Xyamb {_hpw BIp-p. ]c-am-\-k
hv, at\m-ab Bm-hv, hnm-\a
- b B-hv, B\-a
- b A ar- X - ns tI{- a mb ]c- { _- - ] - c - t ai zc\pw
Bmhv Fo \ma--fm B ]c-am-\--kz-cq-]-amb ]c- Fn\npw `n- \m-bn-cn-p- n-. AXn-\m At-lhpw
{_-s {]m]n-p-p. Ch-sbmw {]m]n-nv AXm-bXv Rm Xs-bm-Ip-p. bmsXm-cp- GsX-nepw hkvXpqe-kq-va-t`-Z--tfm-Sp-IqSn bmsXmv Hns A- hns cq]-n Fs Bs-nepw {]Zm\w sNpcm-m-hm-bnv \m\m-cq-]-n nXn-sN-p-Ibpw AJn- e- pthm Ah Fs sImSp-p-sIm-p-Xs Fs
n- sbpw A-cym-an-bmbn ]a-cm-\--kz-cq-]a
- m-bn-cn-p- cn-p-p. AXm-bXv k ]m{X- n-ep t`mKy-]-Zmpthm At-ls {]m]n-nv a\p- jy ]cym-]vX-amb t`mK- - fpsS Zm\w- Xs At-ls cn-p- hm\p ktmkm- a-{Kn-I-fm bpcpw Cm-\p-k-c-W- ap cq]-sf [cn- -a-amb amw CXn\p hn]-co-X-ambn bmsXm-cp- X\np--Xn-\p in-bm k-cpw Bbn-o-cp-p. p-th-n-s A- cq-]--fmb Fm hkvXp--tfbpw
AtXm-Sp-Iq-Sn-s Cu temI--fn Npn-
- -cn-p- A\p`hnp-p-hthm Ahs\ Rm A-cq-]-am-bnp hngpsImv ka-Xm-bp--amb `mhtfm-Sp-Iq-Snb kma-Km\w p-p. AXm-bXv Ahs hn\mi kw`-h n- pp
Ahs t`mK- h- kvXp- \ne- \np- n- . Rm kakvX
Be-]n-p-sImp hkn-p-p.
{_m-WvU-tbpw Xnc-kvIc
- n-p--h-\m-Ip-p. Fs
kw_w Ahs B\--a--amb a\-n bmsXmv
aln-a-bpsS Xpe-\
- n Ch-sbmw Xp--fm-Ip-p.
ka-X-bp-tSbpw k-cq-]-X-bp-tSbpw `mhw DWn-smFs {]Im-i-ns tei-am-{X-amb Hcp _np kqcy\p
n-cn-p-pthm AXns\ hn-p-p.
Xpey-am-Ip-p. AXm-bXv {]]--n {]Im-i-bp--lmhp lmhp lmhp. Al-a--a-l-a--a-l-a-w. fmb F{Xtbm hkvXp--fp-v. Ah-sbmw Xs Fs
Al-a-mtZmla-mtZmlav\m-Zx. Alw tmI- tXP-ns Awi-am-Ip-p. bmsXm-cp C{]-Imcw ]cIr-Zlw tmI-Ir-Zlw tmI-Ir-Xv. Al-akvan {]Y- am-- X-Xzs {Kln-p-pthm Ah\pw CtX nXn-Xs
aPm EXmky. ]qw tZtht`ymarXky \m`m-bn. {]m]n-p-p.

tbm am ZZmXn k CtZ-h-am-hmx. Al-a--a aZ-am-Zva n. Alw hnizw `ph\ a`y-` -hmw. kph
tPymXox. b Ghw thZw CXyp-]-\n-j-Xv.
B alm-]p-cp-js nXn ico-c-n- em-bn-cn-p-n- .
Ah ico-c-n \npw Ghpw apI-fn-em-bp-bv ]cam-m-hns\ {]m]n-p-p. Cmcyw BZy-ambn ]d-nv
AXn- \ p- t ijw Cu kma- K m- \ s hn- p- p.
CXn\npw ]c-am-m-hn-t\m-Sp-IqSn sFIyw {]m]n-p-Ign alm-]p-cp-js Cu ]mh-t\m-ZvKmcw Ahs hnip-amb Ax-Ic
- -W-n \npw ]pd-s-n-cn-p-Xpw
AXns Aeu-InI aln-asb kqNn-n-p- -X p-amWv
FXv {]I-S-am-Ip-p. "lmhp' F ]Zw B-cy-tZym-X- I-

imn-] mTw
Hmw iw t\m an{Xx iw hcp-Wx. iw t\m `h-Xzcy-am. iw \ Ct{m _rl-kv]-Xnx. iw t\m hnjvWpcp- c p- { I- a x. \tam {_- t W. \akv t X hmtbm
Xzmtah {]Xyw {_m-hm-Zn-j w. EX-a-hmZnjw.
kXy-a-h m-Zn-j w. Xm-am-h o-X v. XZz- mc amho-X v.
Bhomw Bho-Zz-m-cw.
Hmw imnx! imnx !! imnx !!!
CXns Aw inm-h-n-bpsS ZzmZ- im- \p- hm- I-n
sImSp-n-p-v.

Q
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141

I
1

tizXm-iz-Xtcm-]\
- n-jv

imn-] mTw
Hmw kl \mh-h-Xp. kl \u `p\-p. kl
hocyw Ic-hm-h-ssl. tXP-kzn-\m-h-[o-X-a-kvXp. am
hnZznjm hssl.
Hmw imnx ! imnx !! imnx !!!
tl ]c-am-! Kpcp-in-j y- m-c mb R cpt]pw Fm-{]-Im-c-n-e p-ap kwc-Ww Ap
\In-bm-epw. R cp-t]-cp-tSbpw ]cn-]m-e\w Ap
kap-Nn-X-a mb coXn-bn \S-n- bm-epw. R cpt]pw Fm-hn-[-n-ep-ap _ew kwkn--am-I-tW.
Ay-b\w \S-n-bn-p R-fpsS hnZy tXPx-]qambn `hn--tW. Hcn-epw BtcmSpw hnZy-bn ]cm-Pn-Xcm-Im-sXbpw Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h ]c-k]
v -c-ktv \-l-kq-{Xm _n- X- cmbpw R hkn--tW. Rp ]ckv]-ctam A\y-cm-bn-p--h-tcmtSm Hcn-epw hntZzjw
Dm-Im-Xn-cn--tW. tl ]c-am-. aqp-Xm-]-pw
imn-bp-m-tW!

K
3

nXn-sN-bX
v n-cpp? \psS ]c-a-amb B{ibw BcmWv?
AXp-t]mse \psS A[n-jvTm-Xmhv \app hyhIsfmw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv Bcv? bmsXm-cp-\m cNn--s hyh-If\p-k-cnv \sfmw
kpJ-ZpxJf-\p-`h
- n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. As\ Cu
kq PK-ns kphy-h
- -I sNbvXp-sImv
CXns\ \bn- p-s Im- n-c n- p CXns bP-a m- \
BcmWv?

2. Imex kz`mthm \nb-Xnb-Zrm

`qXm\n tbm\nx ]pcpj CXn Nnym
kwtbmK Gjmw \ Xzm `mhm
Zmm-]y-\oix kpJZpxJ-tl-tXmx.

thZ-im-k{v X- -fn At\Iw Imc-W- hn-n-cnpp Fv Ah ]d-bp-hm XpS- n. Nne-bn-Sv

Imes Imc-W-ambn ]d-n-cn-p-p. Fp-sIm-sm Hmtcmtcm ka-b--fn-embn hkvXp--fpsS Dhs Ip- sIm- n- cn-p- p. Nne- bn-Sv kz`mhs ImcW-ambn ]d-bpp; Fp-sIm-s-m _oP-n-\-\p-k-cW-am-b n- s hr- ns D- n-b p- m-Ip-p.
{]Y-a m- ymbw
bmsXmcp hkvXp-hn bmsXmv kzm`m-hn-I-i-n-bm-bn-cnp-pthm AXn\npw AXns Imcyhpw D-hn-plcnx Hmw {_-hm-Znt\m hZ-n
-Xm-bn--p-h-cp-p. AXn-\m hkvXp-K-X-amb in1. Inw ImcWw {_ IpXxkva PmXm
cq]w bmsXmcp kz`m-h-am-bn-cn-p-pthm AXp-Im-c-Wa
- mPohma tI\ Iz N kw{]-XnjvTmx
Ipp Fv hy-am-Ip-p. Nne-bn-Sp Is ImcW-ambn ]d-bp-p. Fp-sIm-s-m Im-\p-k-c-W-amA[n-jvTnXmx tI\ kptJ-X-tc-jp
bn-s Pohn-I `n--fmb tbm\nIfn `n- -fmb
hm-atl {_-hntZm hyhmw.
kz`m-hm-Zn-I-fm bp-cmbn P\n-p-p. Nne-bn-Sv BI"lcnx Hmw' C{]-Imcw ]c-am-m-hns \mtam-m-c-W- kvanI kw`-h-sf AXm-bXp hn[nsb Imc-W-ambn ]dtmSpw B ]c-{_--]c
- -ta-iz-cs kvac-W-tbmSpw IqSn n-cn-p-p. Nne-bn-Sp ]-a-lm-`qXtfbpw Nne-bnD]-\n-jv Bcw-`n-pp
Sp Pohm-m-hn-s\bpw PK-ns Imc-W-ambn hn]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ Adn-bp--Xn\pw {]m]n-p-- n-cn-p-p. AXn-\m CXns ImcWw BcmWv Fp
Xn-\pw-thn At- l- s- n N sNbvXp-sIm- n-cn-p \app Nnn--Ww. Nnn-- Xn\npw a\-n-em-p-hm
Ipdp PnPvRmkp- ]c-k]
v cw ]d-bp-hm XpSn: "" km[n- p- Xv Imew apX ]- a- lm-`q- X- hsc ]d- nAtbm thZ--cmb aljn-am-tc, Cu kakvX PK-n- cn-p PU-]-Zm--sfmpw PK-ns Imc-W-am-Ip- mtbm Iqsbpw ImcWw {_-amsWn B {_lvaw GXmWv? n-s-m-Wv. Ahp {]tXyIw {]tXy-Ia
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v pfpsS kwtbmnXn Fn-emWv? AXm-bXv \mw Pohn-p--Xn-\p-apv Xn-\p in-bn-. bmsXmcp PU-hk
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142

I A[o-\-n-ep-Xpw A\p-`-hn-m-\p--Xp-am-Ip-p. CXn-s\- aqetam B[m-ctam BIp-p. N{I-ns kpcnX-Xz-Kn\p-thn AXn-t teml-h-fbw Dd-n-n-cn-p--Xpt]mse Cu Ahy--{]-Ir-Xn-cq-]-am-Ip hf-b-n-t
kXzw, cPv Xav Cu aqp KpW- Xs aqp
hf-b--f m-bn-cn-p-p. `K-hms ANn-y-in aqp
KpW--fm ad- bv-s-n- cn- pp Fv t\cs ]d-pI-gn-n-cn-p-p. N{I-ns hfbw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw
kw_w C{]- Imcw Nnn-nv Ah Fp-Xo-cp-am- \np?
`mK--fmbn tN-s-n-cn-p--Xp-t]m-se-Xs kwkm-cCtX-n ]d-bpp
cq]am-Ip N{I-ns {]Ir-Xn-cq-]-am-Ip hf-b-n
3. tX [ym\-tbm-Km-\p-KXm A]-iy
a\-v, _pn, Almcw, AXp-t]mse BIm-iw, hmbp,
tXP-v, Pew, `qan Fo Fp kqva-X-Xz-fpw ChtZhm--inw kzKp-ssW \nKpVmw
bp-sS-Xs Fp qe-cq-]-fpw C{]-Imcw ]Xn-\m-dp-`mbx Imc-Wm\n \nJn-em\n Xm\n
K--fp-v. AXp-t]m-se-Xs F{]-Imcw N{I-n ImepImem- bpm\y[nXn-j vT-tXy-Ix.
I LSn-n-n-cn-p-pthm AXm-bXv bmsXmv Hcp `mKC{]-Imcw Nnn-X
- n-\p-ti-jhpw bpn-bmepw A\p- p-\nv hf-b-ns Hcp `mKp LSn-n-p-Ibpw adpam-\-mepw Ahv Hcp Xocp-am-\
- n-se-n--cp-hm `mKw N{I-ns IpS-n LSn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cnkm[n-msX h-tm Ah-scmw [ym\-tbm-K-n p-p-hthm AtX- {]-Im-cw-Xs Cu kwkm-c-N-{I-n
nX-cmbn AXm-bXv X-fpsS a\-n-t\bpw C{n-b
- - Ax-Ic
- -W-ns hrn- I- fm-Ip A]-Xn-\-p
tfbpw _mly-hn-j-b--fn \npw ]nmn ]c-{_-s A]Xp Imep-I-fpsS m\-fpw ]-a-lm-`q-X--fpsS
Adn-bp--Xn\v At-l-s- s Nnn-n-cn-p--Xn Imcyw ]n-{n-b-fpw ]hn-j-b-fpw ]{]mX- c-cm- bn- op. [ym\np [ym\nv Ahv ]c-am-m- W\pw Cu Ccp-]Xp klm-b-Im-ep-If
- psS m\-fpw
hns aln-a-bpsS A\p-`hw Dm-bn. Ah ]c-a-tZ-h-\mb BIp-p. Cu N{I-n Fsp hoX-ap km[-\--tfm]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs kzcq-]-`q-X-amb ANn-y-Znhyin- Sp-Iq-Snb Bdp kaq-l- Ah-b-h-cq-]-n hncm-Pn-pbpsS kmm-Xvmcw {]m]n-p. bmsXmv XtdXmb p. Ch Bsdv F t]cn hnfn--s-Sp-p. Pohn-Isf
KpW--fm kXz-c-Pkv Xa-p-I-fm ad-bs
- -n-cn-p- Cu N{I-n _n-n-Sp--Xmbn At\-Ic
- q-]-n {]Ipthm AXm-bXv ImgvNbvp {XnKp-Wa
- m-bn-m-sWnepw S-am-Ip Bk-n-cq-]-n- ep Hcp Xqp-a-c-ap-v. tZhhmkvX-h-n {XnKp-W
- pw AXo-X-am-bn-cn-p-p. bm- \w, ]nXr-bm- \w, Cu temI-n Hcp tbm\nbn \npw
Atm Ah Imew apX Bm-hp-hsc F{Xtbm Imc- asmcp tbm\n-bn-tep t]mIp--Xn-\p amw C{]-Im-cW- ap]p ]d-n-cp-p-thm, B Fm Imc-W--fp- ap aqp-am--fp-v. ]pWy-I-fpw ]m]-ItSbpw A[n-jvTm- Xmhp bmsXm-cp--\m-Ip-pthm AXm-bXv fpw Cu Pohn-Isf Cu N{Itm-Sp-IqSn Id-p--XnAh- sbmw BcpsS Bbpw t{]c- Wbpw aqew bmsXm- \p \nan--fpw AXn Imep-I Dd-p-\np
cp-s in-bpsS GtXm Aev]mwiw sImv Xmm- \m`n AYhm IpSw Am-\hpw BIp-p. Cu IpSw N{I-fpsS I- -sf A\p-jT
v n-p--Xn ka-cm-bn-cn- ns tI{-am-bn-cn-p--Xp-t]m-se-Xs Am\w Cu
p-pthm B GI-k-i-n-am-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cXs temI-ns tI{hpw BIp-p.
Cu PK-ns hmkvX-hnI Imc-W-am-Ip-p. ap bmsXm5. ]-kvtdmtXmw_pw ]-tbm-\y-{K-h{Imw
cp--\p-a Fp Xocp-am-\-n Ah-sc-n-tp.
q-SmsX ]pcp-j AXm-bXv Pohm-mhv PK-ns ImcW-am-Ip-n- . Fp-sIm-s-m AXp kpJ-Zpx-J--fpsS
tlXp-`q-X-- fmb {]mc- _v[[o- \- am- Wv. AXn\pw kzX{-ambn Hpw sNp-hm Ign-bp-n-. AXn-\m ImcW-XXzw astm BWv.

4. Xta-I-t\aow {XnhrXw tjmUimw

iXm[mcw hnwi-Xn-{]-Xy-cm-`nx.
AjvS ssIx jUv`nhn-iz-cq-ss]-I]miw
{XnamK-t`Zw Zzna-\n-an-ss-I-tam-lw.

]-{]m-tWmanw ]-_p-ym-Zn-aqemw
]m-hmw ]-Z px-Ju-L-thKmw
]m-iZvt`Zmw ]]m-a-[o-ax.

Cu a{-n kwkm-cs \Zn-bpsS cq]-n

hn-n- cn-p-p. {_- m-\n-I-fmb B aljn-am ]dCu a{-n hnizs N{I-cq-]
- n hn-n-cn- bpp Ap mt\-{n-b-f
- m-Ip t{kmX-tm-Sp-Iqp-p. ]c-{_--]-c-ta-iz-cs kzcq-]-`q-X- amb ANn-y-i- Snb \Znsb R Ip- sIm- n-cn-p-p. {]]--ns
nsb Zin-n-p Ejn-am ]d-bpp R Hcp h-f- PvRm\w Ap mt\-{nb h-gn-bmbn Rp
b-n Dd-n-n-cn-p N{Is Ip. Cu hf-b-n e`n-p-p. Ch-bnIq-Sn-s {]]w {]h-ln-p-sImB N{I- ns Imep-I fw IShpw Dd- n- p-h m\pw n-cn-p-p. AXn-\m C{nbsf ChnsS t{kmXv
N{Is bYm-m-\p LSn-n-p-hm\pw km[n-p-p. Fp ]d-bp-p. Cu C{-b Ap kqva`qX-ChnsS Ahy- {]Ir-Xnsb hfbw Fp ]d-bpp; Fp- fm \nn--s--h-bm-Wv. CXn-\m Cu \Znv Av
sIm-s- m AXp-Xs Cu hy-amb {]]--ns DZvK-a-m-\- Dsp Icp-X-s-Sp-p. Cu \Zn-bpsS

143

I {]hmlw hfsc `b--c-am-Ip-p. Cu {]hm-l

- n ]Xn-

\p-k-c- W- ambn B ]c- am- m- hn-\m Id- - s- p- sImp--Xp-sImp IqsS-qsS P\-\-a-c-W-t-i-sf A\p- n- cn-p--Xp-am-Ip-p. Cu Pohm-mhv Xs km-e- I\p
`-hn-tn hcp-p. temI-ns KXn Ghpw h{I-X-tbm- a\-n-emn At-l-ns Ir]m-]m-{X-am-bn-o-cm-Xn-cn-p- cbpw Xs-s At-l-ns {]nb-\m-nSp-Iq-Sn-b-XmWv; Im]-Sy- \ndXm-Wv. CXn\npw -Xp-hs
c-s-SpI hfsc {]bm-k-ta-dnb Imcy-am-Wv. AXn-\m op--Xp-h-scbpw CXn\v Cu N{I-n \npw
Cu kwkm-c-cq-]a
- m-Ip \Znsb h{IX Fp ]d-bp-p. tamN\w t\Sp-h m km[- p- n- . Cu Pohm- mhv
{]]--Po-hn-I-fn kw`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn- tNjvSIfpw Xsbpw Fm-n-tbpw t{]c-I-\mb ]c-am-mhns\
Ne-\ - fpw {]mWaqew kw`-hn-p- p. AXn-\m \mbpw {]tXyIw {]tXy- I-ambpw a\-n-em- p- Ibpw At- {- I-n
{]mWs\ `h-k-cn-ns Xcw-K-am-e-I-tfm-Sp-]- an-n-cn-p-p. l-ns Id-sImv Rm Cu kwkm-cN
\Zn-bnse tImfn-fw Xcw-K--fm kw`-hn-p-p. ]- Id-n-sm-n-cn-pp Fpw At-l-ns Ir]-bm
m-t\-{nbZzmcm kw`-hn- p NmpjmZn Ap Xs tamNn--s-Sp-hm km[n-p-sapw a\-n-em-p{]Imcfn-ep m\--fp-tSbpw BZn-Im-cWw a\-m- Ibpw sNptm ]c-ta-iz-cs {]nb-\m-bnv At-lIp-p. Fm m\-fpw a\-ns hrn-I Xs- m kzoIm- cy- \mbn `hn-p-p. ]ns Aa- c- Xzs {]m]nbm-Ip-p. a\-p-m-bn-cn-p-n-s-n C{-b- F{X- p-I bpw P\-\-a -c -W-c q-] -am-Ip kwkm-c-N -{I-n
v p-ambn tamN\w t\Sp-Ibpw ]caim
am{Xw {ian-mepw bmsXm-cp- hn-[-n- ep-ap m\w {]m]n- \npw Fs-t-b
p-hm km[n-p--X- . Cu a\v kwkm-c-cq-]-am-Ip n-tbbpw AXp-t]m-s e-X s k\m-X -\ -Zn-hy-]-c-a -[ m-a\Zn-bpsS aqe-am-Ip-p. a\v imn-bSm \in- sbpw {]m]n-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
pIgnm Cu {]]ns AkvXnXzw Cu cq]7. DZvKo-X-ta-XXv ]caw Xp {_
n \ne-\np-n-. a\v \ne-\np--Xp-hsc
Xkvanw kv{Xbw kp{]-Xn-jvTm-cw N.
kwkm-c-N{- Ihpw \ne-\np-p. C{n-b
- -fpsS i_vZw,
A{Xm-cw {_-hntZm hnZnXzm
kv]iw apX-emb Ap-hn-j-b-Xs Cu kwkm-ccq-]-am-Ip \Zn-bnse Npgn-I-fm-Ip-p. CXn AI-sv
eo\m {_Wn XXv]cm tbm\n-apmx
Pohn-I P\-\a
- -cW N{I-n ]Xn-p-p. K`-th-Z-\,
bmsXm-nsd alna thZfn Km\w sN-s-n-cnP\-\Z- px-Jw, hmy-Iy-ns thZ-\, tcmKw-aq-ea
- p
p-pthm bmsXmcp ]c-{_ ]c-am- mhv AJn-e ZpJw, ac-W-`bw Cu An-\
- n- ep ZpxJ-Xs
nsbpw ktm--a-amb B{ib-am-bn-cn-p-pthm
Cu \Zn-bnse {]hm-l-ns thK-X-bm-Ip-p. Ch-bpsS
At-l-ns {XntemIfp-tSbpw kap-Zm-b-cq-]-amXtem-SsImv Pohn-I hymIp-e-cm-Ip-Ibpw Cu tbm\nIp kakvX hnizhpw kvYnXn-sN-p-p. Atlw Xs
bn\nv asmcp tbm\n-bn-tev Ae-p-\-S-p-Ibpw
apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p kI-e-n-sbpw t{]c-I\pw HcnsNp-p. Am-\w, Almcw, cmKw, tZzjw, arXypepw \mi-an-m ]c-am-- c\pw ]c-a-tZ-h\pw BIp-p.
`bw Cu Ap-hn-[-n-ep ti- Cu kwkm-c-cqbmsXm-cp- [ym\-tbm-K- n nX- cm-bnp ]c-am-m]-\-Zn-bpsS Ap-hn-`m-K- -fm-Ip-p. CXp-t]mse Xs
hns Znhyinsb Zin-p- Ibpw thZ-c-l-kys {KlnAp-hn-`m-K--fn-embn Cu {]]-hpw hn`-Pn--s-n-cnp-I bpw sNbvX n-c p- pthm B aljn-a m Fmp-p. Cu An-sbpw Iqw-Xs kwkm-c-ns
nsdbpw t{]c- I- \mb B ]c-am- m- hns\ XfpsS lrZkzcq-]hpw Ax-Ic
- -W-ns A\-]X
- p-hr-n-I Cu
b--fn A-cym-an-bmb cq]-tm-Sp-IqSn hncm-Pn-pp
\Zn- b psS A]Xp cq]- fpw BIp- p. Ax- I Fp a\-n-em-n, At-l-n Bk--cmb At-lcWns hrn-Isf FSp-p-sIm-p-Xs kwkm-cn eo\-cmbn Fs-tbvpw P-a-c-W tbm\n-Ins t`Z-sf a\-n-em-p-p.
fn\npw ap-cm-bn-o-cp-p. Ah-cpsS ams A\p6. khm-Pot k-kwt _rlt
I-cnv \ap-s-m-hpw Ah-sc-tmse P\-\a
- -c-W
- fn\np
tamN\w
{]m]n
nv
]ca
m
mh
n
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m
Akvan lwtkm {`maytX {_-Nt{I
Ign-bp-p.
]rY-Km-m\w t{]cn-Xmcw N aXzm

PpjvS -kvX -X -k vtX-\ m-ar-X-Xz-ta-X n.

bmsXm- ns\ t\cs hn- p- I - g n- pthm
bmsXmv AJn- e
- n- sbpw Poh-\-\n-l-W-ns
tlXp-hm-bn-cn-p-pthm bmsXmv kakvX Pohn-I-fpsSbpw B{i-b-am-bn-cn-p-p-thm. A-s\-bp P-KZv cq]am-Ip {_-N-{I-n ]c-{_--]-c-am-m-hn-\m \S-s-Sp-Xpw ]c-am-m-hns Xs-bmb hncmSv icoc-cq-]am-Ip kwkm-c-N-{I-n Cu Pohm-mhv Xs I-

kw_w C\n B ]c-am-m-hns kzcq-]s hnnv At-ls Adn-bp--Xp-sIm-p-m-Ip ^ew hnhcn-pp

8. kwbp--ta-XXv c-a-cw N
hym-hyw `ctX hniz-aoix
A\oimm _[ytX t`mr-`m-hm-Pv
mXzm tZhw apNytX k-]m-ssix.

144

hn\mi kz`m- h- tm- Sp- Iq-Snb PU-hw `K- hms A]cm-{]-Ir-Xn-sbpw c-X-Xz-sapw ]d-bs
- -Sp-Ibpw `Khms ]cm-{]-Ir-Xn-cq-]-amb Poh-k-ap-Zmbw A-c-X-Xzns \ma-tm-Sp-IqSn hnfn--s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p. Ch
cntbpw kwtbm-K-n\n-p-mb {]I-Shpw (qew) A{]-I-S-hpw (kq-vaw)-amb cq]-n nX- amb Cu
PK-ns\ B ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a Xs ]cn-]m-enp--h\pw kzmanbpw t{]c-I\pw AXp-t]mse Fm-ns\bpw bYmtbmKyw Nen-n-p--h\pw \nb-{n-p--h\p-amb ]c-ta-iz-c-\m-Ip-p. Pohm-mhv Cu PK-ns
hnj-b--fpsS t`mm-hm-bn-cn---Xp-Im-cWw {]Ir-Xn-[o-\-amb CXns taml-Pm-e--fn Ipcp-n--gn-bp-Ibpw
]c-a-tZ-h-\mb ]c-am-m-hns t\tc ZrjvSn-bp-bm-sXbn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpp. Hcp-h B k kplr-mb
]c-am-m-hns Assl-Xp-I-amb Zb-bm alm-]p-cp-j-mcpsS _w e`n-nv At-ls Adn-bp--Xn-\p A`nem-j-tm-Sp-IqSn ]q-ambn ]cn-{i-an-ptm B ]c-atZ-h -\ mb ]c-t a- i z- c s\ Adn- nv Fm _- fn\npw \nXy-ambn cs-Sp-p.
kw_w hopw Pohm-mhv, ]c-am-m-hv, {]IrXn Cu
aqnsdbpw kzcq-]s {]tXyIw {]tXyIw hn-nv, Cu XXzs {Klnv D]m-kn-p--Xp-sImp ^ew
ASp cp a{--fn-embn hnh-cn-p-p.

9. mu Zzmhm-ho-i-\o-im
hPm tlyIm t`mr-t`m-Kym-bp-m.
A\mm hniz-cqt]m lyIm
{Xbw bZm-hn-tX {_-ta-XX
- v.
Cuiz-c k-\pw k-i-n-am\pw BIpp;
Pohn-I Aev]-cpw Aev]in-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bhcpw
BIp-p, Ch cpw AP-m--fm-Wv. Ch-sb-q-SmsX
aqm-a-sXmcp inbpw AP-m-hm-bp-v. AXns\ {]IrXn- sbp ]d-bp- p. CXv t`mm-hmb Pohm-m- hn-\p- th
Fm t`mKy-]-Zm--tfbpw Xm- dm-n-sm-n-cn- p-p.
Cu aqpw AP-m--fm-bn--s-bn-cn-pp; A\m-Zn-bmbn-cn-p-p. Fn-cp-mepw Cuiz-c ap cp XXz-tf-bpw-Im t{ijvT-\m-Ip-p; Fp-sIm-s-m B ]cam-mhv A- c- ln- X-\m-p-p. ]q-amb Cu hnizw Atl-ns kzcq]w Xs- bmWv; hncmSv icocw Xs- bm-Ipp. Atlw Fmw {]hn-p-sImv ]q-P-K-ns
cN-\bpw ]me-\hpw kwlm-chpw \S-p-p. Fm
hmkv X - h - n Hpw Xs sNp- n- . F psImsm Atlw Imhv F Al- m- c n\npw cln-X-\m-Ip-p. a\p-jy C{]-Imcw Cu
aqn-sbpw Akm-[m-c-W-Xz-tbpw hn`n--X- tbbpw a\n-em-n-s At-ls {_-cq- ]-n {]m]nv Cu
{]Ir-Xnbpw Pohn-Ifpw Cu ]c-ta-iz-cs {]Ir-Xnbpw ]cta-iz-c Ch-bpsS bP-am-\\pw BsWv {]Xy--ambn

{Kln-p-tm, Fm _--fn\npwAh hnap-\m-bn-o-cp- p.

kw_w ap]-d-n-cn-p a{- -fnse aqp XXz-fp-tSbpw hni-Zo-I-cWw ASp a{- n hy-am-nbn-cn-p-p.

10. cw {][m-\-a-ar-Xm-cw lcx

cm-m-\m-ho-itX tZh GIx.
Xkym-`n-[ym-\mZv tbmP-\mXv XXz-`m-hmZv
`qb-mt hniz-am-bm-\n-hr-nx.
{]Ir-Xn-bm-Is cw AXm-bXv ]cn-h-\-tm- Sp-IqSn- bXpw hn\m- i-kz-`m-h-tm- Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw BIp-p. CXns
t`mm-hmb Poh-k-ap-Zmbw Ahn-\m-ikz`mh-tm-Sp-IqSnb A-c-X-Xz-hp-am-Ip-p. Cu chpw A-chpw (PU-{]-Ir-Xnbpw tNX-\m-Po-h-k-ap-Zm-b-hpw), cn-s\bpw XXzn GI-\mb ]c-a-tZ-h-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c `cWw \S-pp. Atlw Xs {]m]n-p--Xn\pw Adn-bp--Xn\pw
tbmKy-\m-Ip-p. At-ls XXz-tm-Sp-Iq-Sbn {KlnWw C{]-Imcw ZrV-\n-bw sNbvXnv B ]c-am-mhns\ \nc- cw [ym\n- p- -Xp-sIm-v, cmhpw ]Iepw Atl-nXs kwe--ambn hkn-p--Xp-sIm-v, At-lns X-bo- `-hn- p-- Xp-sIm-v, Ah-km\w Atl- s - s {]m]n- p- p. ]ns CXns Fm
ambIpw ]q-amb \nhr-n-bp-m-Ip-p. AXm-bXv
ambm-a-ba
- mb Cu PK-n\npw CXns kw_w
]q-ambpw hnt-Zn--s-Sp-p.
kw_w ]c-{_-s Adn-bp--Xp-sIm-p ^ew
hopw hnh-cn-p-p.

11. mXzm tZhw k-]m-im-]-lm\nx

ossWx tssiP--arXyp {]lmWnx
Xkym`n[ym\mXv XrXobw tZlt`tZ
hnssizizcyw tIhe B]vXI
- m-ax.
]c-a-]p-cp-j-\mb ]c-am- m-hns\ [ym\np [ym\np
km[-I B ]c-a-tZ-hs\ a\-n-em-ptm Ahs
kakvX _-\
- fpw \nXy-ambn kYm \in-p-t]mIpp; Fp-sIm-s-m Ahn-Zy, cmKw, Al-m-cw,
tZzjw-, ac-W-`bw Cu Apt-i--fp-tSbpw hn\miw
kw`-h n- p- -X p-I m-c Ww Ahs P\-\ -a -c -W - -f psS
A`mhw F- tbvpw kw`-hn-p-p. AXn-\m Ah
]no-sSm-cn-epw Cu _-\--fn AI-s-Sp-n-. Cu
ico-c
- ns \miw kw`-hn-p-I-gn-m Ah XrXo-btem-I
- ns AXm-bXv kz-ns Ghpw Db
m\-a mb {_-temIw hsc-b p Ghpw henb
sFizcy-sf XyPn-nv {]Ir-Xn-bn\npw hnbp-hpw
kYm hnip--hp-amb ssIh-ey-]-Zs {]m]nv ]qIm-a-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah\p bmsXm-cp-hn- [-n-ep-ap A`n-

145

I em-j- Dm-Ip-n-. Fp-sIm-s -m Ah Fm

A`n-em-j--fp-tSbpw ^ew {]m]n-p-I-gn-n-cn-p-p.

14. kztZ-l-a-cWnw IrXzm {]Whw

tNm-cm-c- Wnw.

kw_w Adn-bp-hm tbmKy-amb XXzs hopw

hn-p-p.

[ym\-\na-Y-\m-`ym-kmZv tZhw
]tiy-n-Kq-V-h-Xv.

12. GXPv PvtRbw \nXy-ta-hm--kww

\mXx ]cw thZn-Xhyw ln InwNn-Xv.
t`mm t`mKyw t{]cn-Xmcw N aXzm
kw t{]mw {Xnhn[w {_-ta-XX
- v.

Ansb {]I-S-am-p--Xn\p cv Ac-Wn--Sn-Isf

Iqn-bp-c-b
v p--Xp-t]m-se-Xs Xs ico-c-n ]c-a-]pcp- j-\mb ]c- am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p- -Xn-\p- thn ico- cs
ASn-bn shbv-s-Sp XSn-bmn amp-Ibpw Hmmcs apI-fnse XSn-bmbn amp-Ibpw thWw. AXm-bXv
ico-cs ASn-- Sn-bmbn kz`m-h-tm-Sp-IqSn \n-e-am- nsmp apI-fn-es XSn-p-Xpeyw HmwIm-cs i_vZw
hgn-bmbn P]n- p-Ibpw a\-m AXns A- cq-]- amb
]a-cm-m-hns\ \nc-cw Nnn-p-Ibpw thWw. C{]-Im-cap Cu aY-\c
- q-]-am-Ip [ym\-kz-cq-]m-`ym-k-m
km[I hnd-In Hfnn-cn-p An-p-Xpeyw Xs
lrZ-b-n Hfnn-c n- p ]c-a -tZh ]c-ta-iz-c s\
HmWw {]Xy--am--Ww.

Cu ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a Xs Xs lrZ-bn A-cym-an-bmb cq]-n hkn-p-p. CXns\

Adn-bp--Xn\v shfn-bn-sepw t]mtI--Xmb Bhiyan. Ct-ls Adn-bp--Xn\v Ftmgpw ]cn-{i-an--Ww.
Fp-sIm-s-m Ct-l-n-\p-]-cn-bmbn Adn-bp--Xn\p asmcp hkvXp-hp-an-. Cu GIs Adn-bp--XpsIm-p-Xs Fm m\fpw Dm-Ip-p. Ctlw
Xs Fm-n-sbpw Imc- Whpw ]c- am- [m-chpw BIp-p.
15. Xntejp ssXew Z[-\oh kn
a\p- jy t`mmhpw (Po- hm- m-hv) t`mKy (P-U-h-kvXp)hpw
cm]x kvtdmXx kzc-Wojp Nmnx
BIp-p. Cu cn-sbpw t{]c-I\mb Cuiz-cs\ Adnbptm Fmw a\-n-em-p- p. ]ns bmsXmpw AdnGh-a mm\n KrlytXku
tb--Xm-bn--h-ti-jn-p-n-. bmsXm-cp-s Cu aqp
ktXy-ss\\w X]km tbm\p ]iy-Xn.
t`Z--tfbpw hnh-cn- n-cn-p-pthm Ah Xs ka-{K-amb
F{]-Imcw Fn Fbpw ssXcn shbpw DW{_-am-Ip-p. AXm-bXv PU-{]-Ir-Xnbpw tNX-\m-mhpw
nh
c
- \Zn-bpsS Dn-ep Dd-hn Pehpw Ac-Wn-Ah cnsbpw B[m-chpw \nbm-a -I-\p-amb ]c-amSnb
n
Anbpw Hfnn- cn-p-pthm AtX- {]-Imcw Xs
mhpw Ch aqpw {_-ns cq]- Xs- bm- Ip-p.
]c-am-mhv \psS lrZ-b-cq-]-am-Ip Kpl-bn Hfnnkw_w ]d-b-s tb- X- Xzs Adn- bpXn\p cn-p-p. F{]-Imcw AXm-Xp-m-\--fn Hfn-n-cnD]m-bs hnh-cn-pp
p ssXem-Zn- Isf Ah-bvp- ]-d-n-p D]m-b- -fm
D]-e_
- v[-am-p-hm Ign-bp-pthm AtX-{]-Imcw GsX13. hlvt\bYm tbm\n-K-Xky aqn
nepw km[-I hnj-b
- -fn hnc--\m-bnv kZm-Nm-c\ ZriytX ss\h N enMvK-\mix
\n-c-X-\m-bn, kXy-`m-j-Ww, kZm-Nmcw Fo X]-ky-h-gnk `qb Gth--\-tbm\n Krly
bmbn km[-\I A\p-jvTn-p-sImv apI-fn ]d-np coXn-bn At-ls \nc-cw [ym\n-p-sImp
kvXtZzm-`bw ssh {]W-th\ tZtl.
hkn-p-p. Ah hgn-bmbn Ah\p ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]nF{]-Imcw Xs tbm\n AXm-bXv {]I-S-am-bn-p
p-hm Ign-bp-p.
m\-hn-ti-j-amb C-\
- -fn nXn-sN-p An16. k-hym-]n-\-am-m\w otc
bpsS cq]w-t]mse ImW-s-Sp-n-. Fm Cm-c-Wkn-cn-hmnXw
m An-bn-sp Icp-Xp-n-. Fm Cm-c-Wm An-bnsp Icp-Xp-n-. Xo-bmbpw AXpB-hn-Zym-X-t]m-aqew XZv {_tm]
sp AwKo- I-cn-p- sImv AcWn (D-cp Xobp- m- p
\njXv ]cw.
XSn--j-W-) aY\w sNbvXp-Ig- n-bptm C-\-cq-]XZv{_-tm-]-\n-jXv ]cw.
am-Ip Xs m\-p-\nv AXn\p hopw Pzen-p-bB- hn-Zybpw X]hpw At-ls {]m]n- p--Xn- \p
cp-hm Ign-bp-p. AXp-t]m-se-Xs D]-cy--amb Pohmaqekm[\-bm-Ip-p. bmsXmv ]men ss\bvp-Xpeyw
mhpw ]c-am- mhpw lrZ-b-c q-]-am-Ipp. XfpsS
k{X
]cn]q-am-bn-cn-p-pthm km-- cym-an-bmb
m\v Hfnp-h -k n- nv {]Xy- -s-S m-X n-c n- p- p.
B
]ca
m
mhns\ apIfn ]d-n-cn-p B km[-I
Fm "Hmw' Fp P]w hgn-bmbn km[\ sNbvXp-Ign-m icoc-ns CXns kmm-Xvmcw a\- n-e m- p- p. "Atlw Xs-b m- I pp D]- \ n-j pfn hn--s-n-cn-p ]ca XXz-amb {_w
Dm-Ip-p.

146

I An-a-hm-Iys ]\-cm-hn-p-Xv Aym-b-ns

kam-]X
v nsb kqNn-n-p- -Xn-\p-th-n-bm-Ip-p.

ZznXo-bm- ymbw
kw_w BZys A[ym-b-n ]c-a-tZ-h-\mb ]cam-m-hns kmm-Xvm-c-n-\p {][m-t\-]m- b-ambn
[ym\s hnti-jn-n-n-cn-p-p. B [ym\- ns {]{Inb
a\-n-em-p--Xn\v Cu cm-aX
- -ymbw Bcw-`n-p-p.
CXn BZy-ambn [ym\-ns knn-p-th-n-bp
Ap a{--fn ]c-ta-iz-c-t\mSp {]mn-t {]Imc-sf hnh-cn-pp.

1. bpRvPm\x {]Yaw a\-kvXX

- zmb
khnXm [nbx
At tPymXn\n-Nm ]rYnhym A[ym-`c
- -X.
AJn-e -tbpw krjvSn ]c-a m-mhv BZy-ambn
\psS a\-n-tbpw _pn-bp-tSbpw hrn- If
- psS XXz{]m-]X
v n-p-thn Xt-Xmb Znhy-kz-cq-]-n cq]-s-Spp-Ibpw An apX-emb C{n-bm-`n-am-\n-I-fmb tZhXIsf hnj-b
- sf {]Im-in-n-p--Xn-\p kmay
s ZrjvSn- bn Ip- sImv _mly- hn-j-b--fn \npw
]nh-env \psS C{n-b--fpsS {]Imiw _mly-ambn
\jvS-s-SmsX _pnpw a\-n\pw klm-b-I-am-bn-cn-p-Xn\v C{n-b--fn \nt-]n-p.

pXn\p [ym\-n ka-cm-bn- o- cp- p. \psS

a\pw _pnbpw C{n-b
- fpw {]Imiw hym]n-np
sImn-cn-pw. \n{Z, Ae-k-X, AI-WyX apX-emb
tZmj- \psS [ym\-n hnLv\w Dm-m-Xn-cn
--s.

4. bpRvPtX a\ DX bpRvPtX [ntbm

hn{]m hn{]ky _rltXm hn]-nXx
hntlm{Xm Zt[ hbp-\m-hn-tZI
Clo tZhky khnXpx ]cn-jvSp-Xnx.
t{ijvT-_p-n-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb {_m-Wm-Zn-I-fmb A[n-Imcn- I X- fpsS a\- ns\ bmsXmcp ]c-{_- - ]- c- am-m- hn
tNp-pthm AXp-t]mse X-fpsS Fm {]Im-c-nep-ap _pn-bpsS BkvXn-Iys \nbp--am-p-phthm bmsXm-cp- An tlm{Xm-Zn-ip-`-I- -fpsS
hn[m\w sNp-pthm bmsXm-cp- PK-ns hnNm-csf Adn-bp--h\pw GI\pw AZzn-Xo-b\pw Bbn-cn-ppthm A-s\-bp alm\pw k-hym-]nbpw k\pw AJn- e
- n- sbpw Dm-Z-I-\p-amb ]c-a-tZ-h-]-cta-iz-cs\ \mw Ahiyw ]cn-]q-ambn kvXpXn--Ww.

5. bptP hmw {_ ]qhyw \tam-`n

hn tmI GXp ]tYyh kqtcx.
irWzp hntiz Aar-Xky ]p{Xm
B tb [mam\n Znhym\n Xpx.

2. bpt\ a\km hbw tZhky

khnXpx kth.

Atbm a\-t, _pn, Rm \n cp t]cptSbpw kzmanbpw AJn-e-P-K- ns BZn-Im- c-W-hp-amb ]c{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ XpS-bmbn \a-kvI-cn-p-sImv
kpht-b mb iym.
hn\-b-]qw At-l-ns ic-W-n sNv At-l\-sfmw AJn-e-tbpw krjvSn ]c- a-tZ-h-\mb ]c- n kwe--\m-bn-o-cp-p. Fm Km\w sN-s
a-tZ-hs Bcm[\m-cq-]-amb b-n apgp-Inb a\-p- ]c-ta-iz-cs aln-am-h\w hnZzm-m-cpsS Ion-ph-gn-bmbn ]c-am-\--{]m-]vXn-p-thn ]q-i-n-tbmsS Xpeyw temI-n hym]n--s. AXns\ Znhy-tem-I- -fn
{]b-Xv\n--Ww. AXm-bXv \psS a\v \nc-cw `K-h-Zm- \nh-kn-p Ahn-\m-in-bmb ]c-am-m-hns Fm ]p{Xcm-[- \-bn apgp-Ip-bpw \mw `K-hXv {]m]vXn-bn\npw P\y- mcpw \-Xp-t]mse {ihn--s.
am- Ip ]c-am-\- -ns A\p- `q-Xn- p-thn ]qin
kw_w [ym\- n-\p- thn ]c- am- m-hn- t\mSp {]mntbm-Sp-IqSn {]b-n-p-Ibpw sN-Ww.
p--Xn-\p {]Im-c-sf ]d--tijw C\n Bdmw-a-{3. bpzmb a\km tZhm kph-cytXm
n B [ym\-ns nXnsb hn-p-Ibpw Ggmw
[nbm Znhw
a{-n a\p-jys\ B [ym\-n hym]r-X-\m-p-Xn\p \ntiw \Ip-Ibpw sNp-p.
_rl-tymXnx Icn-jyXx khnXm

{]kp-hmXn Xm.

6. Anb-{Xm-`n-a-YytX hmbpb-{Xm-[ncp[ytX

A J n- e - n- s bpw {kjv S m- h m- b n - c n- p B
]ctaizc a\-n-sbpw C{n-b
- -fp-sSbpw A[n-jvTm\-tZ-h-X-Is
- fbpw kzm-Zn-temIfnepw BIm-i- nepw
k-cn-p henb {]Imiw hym]n-n-p--h-tbbpw
\psS a\-tmSpw _pn-tbmSpw kwbp--am-n-bnv
\app {]Imiw {]Zm\w sNp--Xn\p t{]cW \In.
Xm-cWw sImp \mw ]c-ta-iz-cs\ kmm-Xv-cn-

tkmtam b{Xm-Xn-cn-NytX X{X kwPm-btX a\x.

bmsXm-cp-h--bn An-bp- m-p- -X n-\p-thn
Ac-Wn--Sn-Iaqew aY\w \S-p--Xp-t]mse Anm-\o- b- amb ]c- am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p- - Xn-\p-thn BZya-{- - fn ]d-n- cn- p coXn- tbm- Sp- IqSn ico- cs ASnbn-es Ac-Wn--Sn-bmbpw HmwIm-cs apI-fn-es
Ac-W n-bmbpw I]n- nv AXns P]hpw AXns

147

I A-cq-]-amb ]c-am-m-hns \nc--c-am-bp Nnm-cq]hpw sImv aY\w \S--s-Sp-p. FhnsS {]mW-hm-bphns\ hn[n-]qw \m-bnv \ntcm-[n-p-pthm FhnsS
B\-c
- q-]-amb tkma-ckw AXy-[n-I-ambn {]I-S-am-ppthm B [ym\m-h--bn a\p-jys a\v kYm
hnip-- am-bn-o-cp- p.

7. khn{Xm {]k-th\ PqtjX {_ ]qhyw.

p. Ch-sb-m-n-s\bpw XyPn-nv Fs-t-bvp-ambp Aa-c-]-Zs {]m]n--Ww.

9. {]mWm {]]o-tUyl kwbp--tNjvSx

otW {]mtW \mkn-I-tbm-z-ko-X.
ZrjvSm-iz-bp--anh hml-ta\w
hnZzm at\m [mc-tb-Xm-{]-a-x.

hnZzm-\mb km[-I Cu m\-tbmK km[-\-bvpthn Blm-cm-Zn-I-fmb Fm {]hr-n-I-tfbpw bYmtbmKyw sNbvXp-sIm- n-cn-- Ww. Ahsb [ym\-tbm-K-nAtbm km[-I, AJne {_m-WvU-ns Dev]m-Z- \p-]-bp-- - fm- n-o-Ww. tbmK-im- k{v X- ns hn[nI\pw km--cym-an-bp-amb ]ctaiz-cs t{]c-W-bm {]-Imcw {]mW-bmaw sNbvXp-sNbvXv {]mW AXyw
AXm-bXv apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p coXn-bn At-ls kqva-am-bn-o-cp-tm \mkn-I- fnqSn AXns\ shfnkvXpXn-p-sImv At-l-n\nv A\p-aXn {]m]n-p- bn-tep Xn--f-b-Ww. AXn\ptijw ZpjvSm-iz--fm
sImv \n B BZn-]-c-{_-a-]-c-am-m-hns\s ]q-s cYs ka-\mb kmcYn F{]-Imcw AXntkh\w (k-am-cm-[-\) sN-Ww. B ]c-ta-iz-c-\ns {i-- tbm-Sp-IqSn \bn-p-sImp kpc- n- X-am-nqSn
B{ibw {]m]n--Ww. At-l-n ic-Ww-{]m-]n-nv sImp-t]m-Ip-pthm AXp- t]m-se-Xs km[- I\pw Xs
At-l-ns kzbw hneo-\-am-bn-o-c-Ww. C{]- a\-ns\ {i-tbm-Sp-IqSn Xs kzm[o-\-h-e-b-n kpcImcw {]hn- m, \n ap]p- ap-Xte sN-s- n-p n- X- amn \n-Ww. A-s\-bm-sW-n tbmK-km-[Fm kn-X-I- fpw hnLv\-Im-cn-bm- bn-o-cp- n-, \-bn bmsXm-cp-hn-[a
- mb hnLv\
- fpw kw`-hn-msX
_-\-cq-]-am-bn- o-cp-n-.
Ah ]c-am-m-hns {]Xn-cq-]-e-y-n Fp-Ibpw
kw_w [ym\-tbm-K-ns km[\ A\p-jT
v n-p-- sNpw.
h F{]-Imcw Ccn--Ww, Fs\ [ym\n-- Ww. Cu hnj- kw_w ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hn a\-ns\ ebn-n-pb-s-n {]Xn-]m-Zn-pp
-Xn\v F-s\-bp m\v F-s\-bp `qan-bn

X{X tbm\nw IrW-htk \ ln tX

]q-a- n-]- Xv.

8. {Xncp-Xw m]y kaw icocw

lrZo-{n-bmWn a\km kw\n-th-iy.
{_tm-Up-t]\ {]X-tcX hnZzm
t{kmXmwkn kmWn `bm-h-lm-\n.
bmsXm-cp- [ym\-tbm-K-ns km[\ A\p-jvTnp-pthm B _pn-am-\mb km[-I inc-v, Kfw,
amnSw Chsb Dbn-\n-s, AXp-t]mse icocs t\scbpw nc-ambpw hbv-s. Fp-sIm-sm ico-cs t\scbpw nc-ambpw hbv-s. FpsIm-s- m ico-cs t\scbpw nc-ambpw \nmsXbpw incpw Kfhpw h--ehpw Dbm-sXbpw
Ccp-m Be-kyhpw \n{Zbpw ap-am-bp hnLv\-
hp`-hn-p-p. AXn-\m Cu hnLv\-- fn\npw cs]-Sp--Xn\p tad {]Im-c-n Ccn--Ww. CXn-\ptijw Fm C{n-b--tfbpw _mly-hn-j- b--fn\npw
amn-bnv a\-n-\m Ahsb lrZ-b
- n \ntcm-[np
\n-Ww. ]ns HmwIm-c-cq-]-am-Ip \uI-bpsS B{ib-tm-Sp-IqSn AXm-bXv HmwIm-c-ns P]-tmSpw
AXns hmNy-amb ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns [ym\-tmSpw-IqSn Fm `bm-\-I--fmb {]hm-l--tfbpw XcWw
sNbvXv Asc Fn-t-c- Ww. \m\m-tbm-\n- I-fn \npw
km-Zn-n-p F{Xtbm hmk-\-If
- p-v. Ah-sbmw P\\-a-cW cq]--fm-Ip `bw P\n-n-p {]hm-l--fm-Ip-

Ccpp km[\ \S-Ww F-Xns\ hnh-cn-p-p.

10. kta ipNu i-cm-h-n-hm-epIm

hnhntX i_vZ-P-em-{i-bm-Zn-`nx.
at\m\pIqte \ Xp Np-]o-Ut\
Kplm-\n-hm-Xm-{i-btW {]tbm-P-tb-Xv.
ChnsS [ym\-tbm-K -n-\p-] -bp--amb m\s
hn-p- p. [ym\-tbm-K- ns km[-\-b\pjvTnp
km[-I ka-\n-ct- m-Sp-Iq-Snb `qanbpw \navt\mX--fmXpw hf-hp-Xn-cn-hn-m-Xpw Fm {]Im-c-nepw
hrn-bp-Xpw kzm`m-hn-I-ambn ]hn-{X-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw
tZhm-e-bw, Xo-m\w BZn-bm-b-h-t]mse Np-N-hdpw
NcpIfpw Cm- Xpw An-b p-tSbpw shbn-ensbpw NqSn- m-Xpw a\-ns\ Cf-p i_vZ-tIm-eml-e--fn-m-Xpw tImem-l-e-ns ]q-amb A`m-hap-m-bn-cn-p-Xpw Bh-iy-n\p Pew e`n-p-Xpw
Fm hf-sc-b-[nIw Bfp-I hcn-Ibpw t]mIbpw
sNp Pem-i-bw-t]mse Am-Xn-cn-p-Xpw ico-c-c-bvp-]- bp- - amb B{i- b-tm- Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw Fm [im-e-t]mse AkwJyw Bfp-I hcn-Ibpw t]mIbpw
sNm-Xn-cn-p--Xp-amb CSw Bbn-cn-Ww km[\ sNp-Xn\p sXc-s-Sp-t-- Xv.
kw_w tbmKm-`ymkw \S-p km[-Is km[\

148

I icntbm sXtm F-dn-bp--Xn-\p D]mbw ]d-bp-p.

11. \olm-c[p amm-\n-em-\e
- m\mw
JtZym-X -hn-Zyp-Xvk v^ -Sn-I -i-ko-\mw.
GXm\n cq]mWn ]pc--cmWn
{_-Wy-`n-hy-n-I-cmWn tbmtK.
km[-I ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns {]m]vXn-p-thn
[ym\-tbm-K-ns km[-\-bm-cw-`n-ptm Ah\v Xs
apn Nne-tm aqSa-n\p Xpey-amb cp]w A\p-`h-s-Sp-p. Nne-tm ]pI-t]mse ImW-s-Sp-p. Nnetm kqcy-s\-tmse {]Imiw k{X ]cn-]q-ambn
ImW-s-Sp-p. Nne-tm \n-e-amb hmbp-hn-s\-tmse
\ncm-Im-c-cq]w A\p-`-h-n hcp-p. Nne-tm Anp
kZr-i-amb tXP-tm-Sp-IqSn ImW-s-Sp-p. Nne kabw
anm-an-\p-n\p kZriw ann-an-n-am-bp--Xmbn tXmpp. Nne-tm CSn-a n--e n-\ p-Xpeyw I-n-n- p
{]Imiw P\n-n-p--Xmbn ZrjvSn-tKm-N-c-am-Ip-p. Nnetm kv^Sn-I-a-Wnp kZr-i-amb Dz-e-cq]w ImgvNbns-Sp-p. Nne- tm N{-\p-Xpeyw ioX-f- {]-Imiw {]kcn-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xmbn ImW-s-Sp-p. Chbpw AXpt]mse a-t\Iw Zriy-fpw tbmK-km-[-\- bpsS D-Xnsb
tZymXn-n-p--hb
- m-Ip- p. Ch-bn\npw km[-Is
[ym\w icn-bm-bn-cn-pp Fp a\-n-em-p-p.

12. ]rYzy]vtXtPm\netJ kap-ntX

]m-tI tbmK-KptW {]hrt
\ Xky tcmtKm \ Pcm \ arXypx
{]m]vXky tbmKm-n-abw ico-cw.
[ym\-tbm-K-ns km[\ sNbvXp-sNbvXv ]rYzn, Pew,
tXP-v, hmbp, BImiw Fo ]-a-lm-`q-X--fpsS
Dm\w kw`-hn-p-tm AXm-bXv Cu km[- I ]-alm-`q-X--fp-sS-ta A[n-Imcw {]m]n-p-I-gnbp-tm Cu
]-a-lm-`q-X--fp-ambn kw_w ]pep tbmK-hnj-b--fmb Ap-kn-n-Ifpw {]I-S-am-hp-Ibpw sNptm tbmKm-n-a-b-amb ico-cs {]m]n-n-p B
tbmKn-bpsS ico-c-n tcmK-ap-m-Ip-n-, hm-Iy-hpap-m-Ip-n-. Ah\p arXyp-hp-ap-m-Ip-n-. Ahs
Cp hncp--ambn Ahs icocw \in-p-n-.

\otcm-K-\m-bn--gn-bp-p. Ah\v Hcn-epw bmsXmcp tcmKhp-a p- m-Ip- n- . `uXnI hkvX p- -fn-e p Ahs
Bkn \jvS-am-bn-o-cp-p. GsX-nepw `uXnI hkvXp
Ahs apn hmepw Ahs a\pw C{n-b
- fpw
AXn-\m BIjn--s-Sp-n- . Ahs ico-c-ns
hw Dz-ea
- m-bn-o-cp-p. kzcw AXyw a[p-chpw
kv]jvS-hp-am-bn-o-cp-p. ico-c
- n \npw hfsc \
kpKw ]pd-sv \mep-]mSpw {]k-cn-p-p. aehpw
aq{Xhpw hfsc kzev]-amb am{X-bn BIp-hm XpS-pp. Ch-sbmw tbmK-am-ns {]mcw-`k
- n-n-I-fm-Ipp. Cs\ tbmKn-I ]d-bp-p.

14. bssYh hnw_w arZ-tbm-]-en]vXw

tXtPm-abw {`mPtX XXv kp[m-w.
XZzmXXzw {]k-aoy tZlo
GIx IrXmtYm `htX hoX-timIx.
GsX- nepw tXtPm-a-b-am- b-cXv\w an ]pX-p- t]mb-Xp-Im-caw F{]-Imcw Hfnn-cn-p-pthm AXns
Ak cq]- n {]I-S-am-Im-Xn-cn-p-pthm AXns\ av
apX-em-bh amw sNbvXp Igp-In-p-Sv hrn- bm-n-sbSp- p-tm AXv Akcq-]- n {]Im-in-p-hm
XpSp-p. AtX-{]-Imcw Cu Pohm-m-hns hmkvX-hnI
kzcq]w AXy--kz--am- bn--gn-mepw A\--P---fn
sN-s I--fpsS kwkvm-c--fm aen-\a
- m-bn-cnp-Xp ImcWw {]Xy--ambn {]I-S-am-Ip-n-. Fm
[ym\-tbm-K- ns km[-\-h-gn-bmbn Fm Agp-p-Itfbpw Igp-In-bnv Bm-hns bYm kzcq-]s \Xp-t]mse {]kv]-jSv -am-p-tm AXv Akw-K-am- bn-o-cpp. AXm-bXv Ah\v PU-]-Zm--fp-ambn bmsXmcp
kwtbm-K-ap-m-bn-cp-p-thm, AsXmw \in-nv Ah
ssIh-eym-h-sb {]m]n-p-p. AXp-t]mse Ahs
Fm-{]-Imcfn-ep-ap ZpxJ--fpsS Ah-km\w kw`-hnnv Ah XnIpw IrX-Ir-Xy-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ahs
a\p-jy-Pw km-Ia
- mbn `hn-p-p.

15. bZmX-tXz\ Xp {_-XXzw

Zot]m-]-ta-t\l bpx {]]-tiy-Xv.
APw {[phw kh-Xs
- sXzhn-ipw
mXzm tZhw apNytX kh-]m-ssix.

13. eLp-Xz-am-tcm-Ky-a-tem-ep-]Xzw
h-{]-kmZw kzc-ku-jvThw N.
Kx ipt`m aq{X-]p-co-j-aev]w
tbmK-{]-hrnw {]Yamw hZ-n.

]noSv BtbmKn CtX nXn-bn Zo]-Zzmcm {_-X-Xz-kZr-ihpw \n-e-{]-Im-i-a-b-hp-ambn ]qtm--amb BXXzw icn-bmbn Zin-ptm AXm-bXv B ]c-{_--]-cam- m-hns\ {]Xy- - am- p-tm Pm-Zn- I- fnse Fm hnImc--fn\npw cln-X\pw AN-e\pw \nn-X\pw AXp`qXfp-sS-ta hnPbw ssIh-cn-n-p tbmKn-I-fn
t]mse ka-kX
v - X-Xz--tfmSpw Akw- K\pw kYm hnip]qh-h-thm--i-nIsfq-SmsX ap in-Ifpw hp-\p-amb ]c-a-tZ-h-\mb ]c-am-m-hns\ XXz-tm-Sp-IqSn
tN-cp-p. DZm-l-c-W-ambn: Ahs icocw emL-h-tm-SpAdn-nv Fm-hn-[-amb _- \--fn\npw \nXy-ambn
Iq-Sn-b-Xm-bn-o-cp-p, ico-c-n `mc-n- stbm AYhm
tamNn--s-Sp- p.
Be-ky-n-stbm `mhw \ne-\np-n-. Ah kZm

149

I Cu a{-n B-X-Xz-nqSn {_-X-Xzs Adn-

bmsXm- cp- AZzn-Xob ]c- am-mhv Pes krjvSnbp--Xn-\p amw ]d-nv ]c-am-m-hns kmm- nv Xs kzcq-]-`q-X-amb imk-\m-in hgn-bmbn AXnXvmcw a\-,v _pn, C{n-b
- hgn kw`-hn-p-hm t `cWw \S- n- sm- n-cn- p-pthm AXp- t]mse hnhnkmy-a-s-p `mhw {]I-S-am-p- p. Ch- sbmw AhnSw [--fmb B imk-\m-i-n-Ih-gn-bmbn Fm temI-hsc Fp-n-. GI-am-{X-amb B B-X-Xz-Zzmcm Xs tfbpw temI-]m-e
- m-tcbpw bYm-tbmKyw km-e\w
Atlw {]Xy--am-Ip-p.
sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-c-s `c-W- n
Ch-sbmw Xmm--fpsS I-hy-sf \nb-a-]qw
16. Gj l tZhx {]Zntjm\ khmx
]men-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p-thm, AXp-t]mse bmsXm-cp-
]pthm l PmXx k D Kt` Ax
X\n-tb-Xs am-cp-tSbpw klmbw IqSmsX AJn-e-temk Gh PmXx k P\n-jy-amWx
I--sbpw D-n-bnepw AXns\ hfp--Xnepw
ka-\p-am-bn-cn-p-pthm B ]c-{_--]c
- -ta-iz-c s\
{]Xy-MvP -\mw-kvXn-jvTXn ktXm-ap-Jx.
bmsXmcp alm-]p-cp-j XXz-tm-Sp-IqSn {Kln-p-pthm
Cu ]c-a-tZ-h-\mb {_w Fm Znp-I-fnepw Ahm-Atlw Aa-c-\m-bn-o-cpp P\-\-a-c-W-h-e-bn\npw
c-Zn- p-I -fnepw hym]n-n-c n-pp; AXm-b Xv Fpw
\nXy-ambn tamNn--s-Sp-p.
Atlw ]cn-] q-\m-Ip-p. {]]-- n Atlw
2. GtIm ln cpt{Zm \ ZznXo-bmb Xp
Cm bmsXmcp m\hpw C. {]kn--amb ]c-{_-]-c-am-m-hmbn Ghpw BZy-ambn lnc-Wy-K`-cq-]-n
b Camw temIm-\o-iX Cui-\o`nx
{]Xy--am-bn- cp- p. Atlw Xs Cu {_- cq-]-amb K`{]Xy-MvP-\mw-kvXn-jvTXn kp-tIm-Nm--Imte
n A-cym-an-bmbn nXn-sN-p-p. At-lw-Xs
kwkrPy hnizm `ph-\m\n tKm]mx
Cu kabw PK-ns cq]-n {]I-S-am-Ip-Ibpw `mhnbn AXm-bXv {]f-b-n-\p-ti-j-ap krjvSn-Im-e
- n
bmsXm-cp- Xs kzcq-]-`q-X--fmb hnhn-[-im-khopw {]I-S-am-Ip-hm t]mIp-Ibpw sNp-p. Atlw \-i-n-I hgn-bmbn Fm temI--fp-sS-taepw `cWw
Fm Pohn-I- fp-tSbpw Dn A- cyman cq]-n nXn- \S-p-pthm Ahsb \nb-am-\p-k-caw \nb-{n-p-sImsNpw AXp-t]mse Fm `mK-tbvpw apJ-tm-Sp-Iq- n-cn-p-p-hthm B cp{Z-cq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c GIXSnbpw AXm-bXv Fm-n-s\bpw Fm-`m-K-p-\npw s-bm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv Cu hnizs \nb-{n-p
Ip-sImpw Ccn-p--h-\m-Ip-p.
in- I At\Iw Dm-bn-cp-mepw Ah-sbmw Htc ]cta-iz-cs Xs-bm-Ip-p, Fm At-l
- n\npw
17. tbm tZthm Au tbm A]vkp
A`n-- am-Ip- p. Cu Imc- Ww-sIm- p-Xs m\nI PKtbm hnizw `ph-\-am-hn-thi
ns Imc-Ws \n-bnp kabw ap bmsXmcp XXzb Hmjm-[ojp tbm h\-kv]-Xnjp
tbpw B{i-bn-m-Xn-cp-p, GI-]-c-{_w Xs-bmWv
PK-ns Imc-W-sav Fm-hcpw Htc kzc-n \nXkvssa tZhmb \tam \ax.
bn-p-Is
- Xs sNbvXp. B ]c-am-mhv Fm Pnhn-I-fpbmsXmcp k-i-n-am-\mb ]c-{_ ]c-a-tZ-h
tSbpw Dn A-cym-an-cq- ]-n nXn-sN-p- p. Fm
An-bn Bbn-cn-p-pthm bmsXmv Pe-n BIptemI--tfbpw krjvSnv Ahsb cn-p- sIm-n-cn- p
pthm, bmsXmp ka- kX
v -tem-I- -fnepw A- cym-an-bmb
]a-tc-iz-c {]f-b- Im- e- kz- am- bn-s Ch- sbmw
cq]-tm-Sp-I q-S n {]hn-j vS-a m-b n-s m- n-c n- p- pthm
Hn-p-tNp-p. AXm-bXv Xn-te-p-Xs hneo-\-ambmsXmv Huj-[nIfnepw h\-kv]-Xn-I-fnepw Bbn-cn-pp-p. B kabw At-l-ns `n-`n--cq-]--fn-ep
pthm AXm-bXv bmsXmp k{X ]cn-]q-am-bn-cncq]sfmpw Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bn-.
p-pthm bmsXm-ns\ At\-I-{]-Im-c- t\cs
3. hnkz-X--p-cpX hniz-tXm-aptJm
hn-n-cn-p-pthm B ]c-a-tZ-h-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ \akv-cn-p-p. Aym-b-ns kam-]X
v nsb kqNn-n-phniz-tXm-_m-lp-cpX hniz-X-kv]mXv
-Xn\v \a-kI
v m-c-]-Zs Bhn-n-cn--pp.
kw _mlp`ymw [aXn kw ]X-ss{X

Zymh-`qan P\-b tZh GIx.

XrXo-b m-ymbw
1. b GtIm Pme-hm-\o-iX Cui-\o`nx
khmw-tem-Im-\o-iX Cui-\o`nx
b GsshI Dth kw`th N
b GX-Zzn-Zp-c-ar-XmkvtX `h-n.

]c-a-tZ-h-\mb B ]c-ta-iz-c GI-\m-Ipp; Fncp

mepw At-l-ns Ip-I Fm-bn-S--fn-ep-ap-v.
ssIIfpw ]mZ-fpw Dv. Atlw Fm temI--fnepw
Fm-bn-S--fnepw nXn-sN-p ka-kvX-Po-hn-I-fpsS
I--tfbpw hnNm-c--tfbpw Fm kw`-h--tfbpw
Xs Znhy-i-n-h-gn-bmbn \nc-cw Zin-p-sIm-n-cn-p-

150

I p. bmsXmcp Imcy-fpw At-l-n\npw Hfn-ncn-p-n-. At-l-ns ` At-l-n\v FhnsSsbnepw t`mP-\-tbm-Ky- amb hkvXp kan- p-pthm
Atlw AXns\ Ahn-sS-sh-p-Xs A\p-`-hn-p-p.
Atlw Fm epw Fm hkvXp--tfbpw Hmbn
kzoI- cn- p- - Xnepw Xs `-P-\--fpsS k-S- sf \innv Ahsc cn-p--Xnepw ka-\m-Ip-p. AXpt]mse FhnsS \ns- nepw At-l-ns `- m Atls hnfn-p-hm-\m{Klnp-pthm Ahn-sS-s
Atlw AtX-k-abw Fn-t-cp-Ibpw sNp-p. temIn Hcp m\hpw At-l-ns in- bm hncm-Pn- n- m- - X mbn ImW-s - S p- n- . BImiwap-X
`qtemIw hsc-bp Fm temI--tfbpw krjvSnn-cnp GI-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c a\p-jymZn Pohn-Isf Cu
cp `pP-fmepw ]n-Isf Nnd-IpIfmepw bp-am-nbn-cn-p-p. Atlw Fm PohnItfbpw Bh-iym-\p-k-cW-amb `n-`n in-I-fmepw km[-\--fnepw k-am-n-bn-cn-p-p. ChnsS `pPfp-tSbpw Nnd-Ip-I-fp-tSbpw
IY\w D]eWw am{X- am-Ip-p. CXn\npw kakvX
{]mWn-I-fn-ep-ap Fm in-Ifpw ]c-am-m-hn-\m
\I-s--Xm-sWp a\-n-em--Ww.

4. tbm tZhm\mw {]`-h-tm-Zv`h

hnizm-[nt]m cpt{Zm aljnx
lnc-Wy-K`w P\-bm-amk ]qhw
k t\m _pym ip`bm kwbp-\-p.

6. bmanjpw Kncn-i lkvtX _n`jykvXth

inhmw Kncn-{XXm Ipcp am lnwkox
]pcpjw PK-Xv.

tl Kncni, ssIem-k-hm-kn-bpw, kpJ-Zm-b-I-\p-amb

]c-ta-iz-cm, bmsXmcp _mWs Fdn-bp--Xn-\p-thn
Av ssIbn FSp-n-cn- pp? tl Kncn-cm-P-\mb lname-b-ns cn-Xm-th, Av B _mWs awK-f-a-bamn amn-bm-epw. AXns {Iqc-Xsb \in-nv AXns\
im- am-n-bm-epw, Pohn-I-fm \nd-b-sp Cu PK-ns\
\in- n-m-Xn-cp-mepw. CXns\ IjvS-s-Sp-m- Xncp-m- epw.

7. XXx ]cw {_-]cw _rlw

bYm-\n-Imbw k-`q-tXjp KqVw
hniz-sskyIw ]cn-th-jvS n-Xm-c
aoiw Xw mXzm-arXm `h-n.
bmsXm-cp- ap]p ]d-n-cn-p Pohn-k-ap-Zm-bcq-] -am-Ip PK-nepw lnc-Wy-K`-\m-a-{_-
- nepw
kYm t{ijvT-\m-bn-cn-p-pthm Fm Pohn-I-fnepw
Ah-bpsS ico-c-n-\-\pcq]-ambn Hfn-n-cn-p-pthm
Fm temI-tbpw Fm `mKfn IqSnbpw hebw
sN-s-n-cn-p-pthm AXp-t]mse k{X hym]vXhpw
alpw Bbn-cn- p-pthm A-s\-bp GI-am-{X-\mb
B ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Adn-nv m\nI Fs-t-b
v pam-bp Ac-Xzs {]m]n-p-p. ]noSv Ahp P\-\a-c-W- Dm-Ip-n-.

AJn-e-tbpw Xs `c-W-n shp-sIm-n-cn- kw_ w C\n m\nIfmb alm- mfpsS

p cp{Z- c q- ] - \ mb ]c- ta-i z- c C{m-Z n-t Z- h - I sf A\p`hsf ]dnv ]c-a- m- \-^-e- ns ZrV-Xsb
krjvSnpw cn-pw- sIm- n- cn- pp. AXp- t]mse bmsXm- {]kv]-jSv - am-p-p.
cp- Fm-n-s-bpw A[n-]-Xnbpw alm-m-\nbpw
8. thZm-l-taXw ]pcpjw alm-
k--\p-am-bn-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cp- krjvS namZn-Xy-hw Xakx ]c-kvXm-Xv.
bpsS Bcw-`- n lnc-Wy- K`s krjvSn- pthm B ]ca-tZ-h -\mb ]c-am-mhv \s-s bmw k_p-n-bm
Xtah hnZn-XzmXn arXyp-taXn
kwbp--am--tW.

\m\yx ]m hnZytXb\mb

5. bm tX cp{Z inhm
X\qctLmcm-]m-]-Im-in-\o.

m\n-bmb Hcp alm ]d-bpp Cu alm-m-scmfpw alm-\mb ]ca ]pcp-tjm--as\ Rm\-dn-bp-p.

Atlw Ahn-Zym-cq-]-am-Ip A- Im-c-n\pw kYm
Xbm \kvX\
- phm i-abm
AXo-X-\m-W.v AtX-t]mse kqcy\p Xpeyw kzbw-{]-Im-iKncn-i-m-`n-Nm-I-io-ln.
cq-]-\m-Ip-p. At-ls Adn-bp--Xp-sIm-p-Xs a\ptl cp{Z- tZ-h, `bm-\-I-X-bn\nv iq\yhpw ]pWy- Ijy arXyp-hns\ DwL\w sNp--Xn Cu P\-\-a-c-fm {]Im-in-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xp-amb A- bpsS awKW--fpsS _-\
- -fn\nv kzmX{yw {]m]n-p-f-a-bn-bmb kuay-aqnsb Zin-np a\p-jy ]c-am-\Xn Ign-hp--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. ]ca ]Zs {]m]n-p-\n-a--\m-bn-o-cp-p. tl Kncn-i-, ]-X- n hkn-Xn\v CX-msX ap bmsXm-cp-]m-b-hp-an-.
p-s Imv kakvX temI-pIw kpJw {]Zm\w
9. bkvamXv ]cw \m]-c-akvXn InwNnZv
sNp ]c-ta-iz-cm, ]c- a-im aqn-bm-bn-cp-p-sIm-pXs Ir]-tbm-Sp-IqSn R-fpsS t\tc t\mn-bm-epw.
bkvam-m-Wotbm \ PymtbmkvXn In-Xv.
A-bpsS Ir]m-Zr-jvSn-bpsS ]X- \w-sIm- p-Xs R
hr Ch kvX_vt[m Znhn XnjvS-tXy-I
kYm ]cn-ip--cmbn Asb {]m]n-p--Xn\p tbmKykvtXt\Zw ]qw ]pcp-tjW kw.
X-bp- -h-cm-bn-o- c-tW.

151

B ]ca tZh-\mb ]c- ta- iz- c- s\- m t{ijvT-\mbn am

cp-an-. Atlw k-t{ijvT\m-Ip-p. F{Xtbm kqvaX- Xz-- fptm Ah-sb- m- n-s\-mfpw Atlw kqvaw
Xs- bm-Wv. At-l-s-m A[nIw kqva-ambn ap
bmsXm-p-an-. CXn-\mX-s Atlw Ghpw sNdnb
Pohn-I-fpsS ico-c-n {]th-inp nXn-sN-p-p. CXpt]mse F{Xtbm alpw hym]-I-hp-amb XXz--fp-v.
Ah-sb-m-n-s\mfpw alpw hym]-I-hp-amWv B ]c{_-w. AXn-s\-m alpw hym]-I-hp-ambn asm-pwX-s-bn-. CXn-\m {]f-b-Im-e-n Cu kq
{_m-WU
v s Atlw Xsbpn hneo-\-am-p-p.
bmsXmp X\n-tb-Xs hr-n\p Xpeyw \n-e-`m-htm-Sp-IqSn ]c-a-[m-a-cq-]hpw {]Im-i-a-b-hp-amb Znhym-Imi-n nXn-sN-p-pthm B ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hn
Cu kakvX PKpw hym]n-p-In-S-p-p. ]c-a-]p-cp-j\mb B ]c-ta-iz-cXs \ncm-Im-c-cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSn Cu
hnizw apgp-h hym]n-n-cn-p-p.

10. XtXm bZp--cX

- cw XZ-cq-]-a-\m-a-bw.
b GX-Zzn-Zp-car
XmkvtX `hytYXtc ZpxJ-ta-hm-]n-b-n.
apt hn- n- p B lnc-W y-K `-t - m
bmsXmv Fm {]Im-c-nepw AXyw DIr-jSv -am-bncn-p-pthm B ]c-{_ ]c-am-mhv BIm-c-c-ln-X\pw
Fm hnIm-c--fmepw iq\y-\p-am-Ip-p. bmsXmcp alm-]pcp-j Cu ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ Adn-bp- pthm
Atlw Aa-c-\mbn `hn-pp \nXy-ambn P\-\-acWfn \npw ap-\m-Ip-p. Fm bmsXm-cp- Ctls Adn-bm-Xn-cn-p-pthm An-s\-bp--h-scmw
\n-b-ambpw IqsS-qsS ZpxJ-sf A\p-`-hn-p-sIm-ncn-p-p. AXn-\m a\p-jy \nXy-ambn ZpxJ--fn
\npw tamNn--s-Sp--Xn\pw ]c-am-\--kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-amm-hns\ {]m]n-p--Xn-\p-ambn At-ls Adn-b-Ww.

11. km-\\-in-tcm-{Kohx k-`q-X-Kplmibx.

k-hym]o k `K-hmw-kvX-kvamXv
kh-KXx inhx.
Fm m\-fpw kt-iz-c-\mb B `K-hms apJam-Ip-p. Fm m\-fpw incpw Kfhpw BIp-p.
Hmtcm m\pw Hmtcm Ah-b-h-hgn \S- - s-tS
Imcy- \S- p-- Xn Atlw ka-\m- W.v Atlw
Fm Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw lrZb cq]-am-Ip Iym-W-kz-cq-]\mb B ]c-ta-iz-c Fm m\--fnepw Fn-smn-cn-p-p. km[-I At-ls GXp-k-abw Fhn-sS,
GXp- cq-]-n {]Xy- - ambn ImWp-hm-\m-{K- ln-p-pthm
AtX- k-abw AtX- -ev AtX- cq-]- n At-l- n\p
{]Xy--s-Sp-hm Ign-bp-p.

12. alm {]`pssh-]p-cpjx

kXz-s skyh {]h-Ix.

kp\n-em-anamw {]m]vXn-ao-imt\m
tPymXn-c -hy-bx.
\n-b-ambn Ctlw Fm-n- t\bpw `cn-p--h\pw
alm\pw {]`phpw AXp-t]mse Ahn-\m-inbpw {]Im-k-kzcq] ]c-a-]p-cp-j-]p-cp-tjm-a\pam-W.v t\ct ]d-n-cnp Cu ]ca \n-e-`m-h
- ns AXm-bXv Xs B\- a-b- amb hnip--cq-]- ns {]m]vXn-p-thn a\p-jys
Ax-Ic
- -Ws t{]cn-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Hmtcm a\pjy-t\bpw Ctlw Xn-te-bvm- Ijn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
Fn-cp- mepw Am-\n-I-fm-bp- -h Fm-{]- Im-c-n- epap ku`m-Ky- {]m]n-npw At-l-ns t{]W-{]Imcw At-ls {]m]n-p- - Xn-\p-thn {]hn- p-n. Cu ImcWwsIm-p-Xs Ah AepXn-cnp \Sp-p.

13. AMvKp-jvT-am{Xx ]pcptjmcmm

kZm P\m\mw lrZtb kn-hnjvSx
lrZm a\zotim a\-km-`n\p]vtXm
b GXZv hnZp-c-ar-XmkvtX `h-n.
AwKp-jvT- am-{X-amb ]cn-am-W-tm-Sp-IqSn A-cym-anbmbr ]c-ta-iz-c Ftmgpw a\p-jy-cpsS lrZ-b--fn
kay-mb coXn-bn nXn-sN-p-Ibpw a\-ns kzmanbm-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXp-t]mse \n-el
- r-Zbhpw hnip--a-\pw hgn-bmbn [ym\-n sImp-hnp {]Xyam-Ip-p. bmsXmcp km[-I Cu ]c-{_
]c- ta-iz-cs\ Adn-bp-p- hthm Atlw Aa-c- \mbn `hnpp. AXm-b Xv Fs- t-b v p- a mbn P\- \ -a -c -W - fn\npw ap-\m-bn-o- cpp; Aar-X-cq-]-\m-bn-o-cpp. a\p-jys lrZbw AwKpjvTns Af-thm-Sp-Iq-Snb-Xm-Ip-p. AXp-Xs ]c-am-m-hns D]-e-_[
v n-p-m-\hpw AXn-\m ChnsS ]c-am-m-hns\ AMvKp-jvTam-{X- amb ]cn-Wm-a-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h Fp hn-p-p.

14. kl-{k-iojm ]pcpjx kl-{kmx

kl-{k- ]mXv
k `qanw hniztXm hrXzm-Xy-Xn-jvT--im-MvKp-ew.
B ]c-a-]p-cp-j-]-c-ta-iz-c\v Bbn-c--W-n\p inc-pIfpw Bbn-c--W- n- \p Ip-Ifpw Bbn- c- -W-n\p ]mZ-fp-ap-v. AXm-bXv Fm Ah-bhfn\npw cln-X\m-bn-cp-npw At-l-n\p inc-,v Ip-I, ]mZ-
BZn-bmb Fm Ah-bhfpw A\-hpw Akw-Jy-hpambn Dv. k-i-n-am-\mb B ]c-ta-iz-c Fm temI-tfbpw Fm `mK--fn\npw hebw sNbvXp-sImv
kh{X hym]vX-ambn \m`n-bn\npw ]w-Kpew apI-fnem- bnv lrZ- bm-Im-i-n hkn-p-p. Atlw k-hym]nbpw alm\pw Bbn-s lrZ-bc
- q-]-am-Ip GI--

152

I ep nXn-sN-p-p. Atlw At\Iw hpcp [-fpsS B{i-b-am-Ip-p.

15. ]pcpj GthZw kw bZv`qXw b `hyw

DXm-ar-X-Xz-t ky-imt\m bZ-t-\m-Xn-tcm-l-Xn.

k-i-n-am-\mb ]c-a-]p-cp-j-\-]-c-am-mhv ka-ktv X{n-b-c-ln-X-\m-Wv. tZtl-{n-bmZn t`Z--fm iq\y-\m-bn-cpnpw Fm C{nbhnj-b--tfbpw Adn-bp-p. AXpt]mse Fm-n-sbpw kzmanbpw ]c-a-k-a\pw Fmn- s \bpw `cn- p- -h \pw Pohn-I sf kw_\v[ nnStmfw Ghpw henb B{i-bhpw BIp-p. a\p-jy
Fm `mh--tfm-Spw-IqSn At-l-ns icWw
{]m]n--Ww. a\p-jy-i-co-cw-sIm-p G-hpw henb D]tbmKw CXm-Ip-p.

bmsXmv `qX- I m-e- n kw`-hn-p-I -g n- n-cn-ppthm bmsXmv `mhn-bn kw`-hn-m-\n-cn-p-pthm

bmsXm-p ham\-Im-e-n Aw hgn-bmbn AXmbXv `-W-]-Zm- hgn-bmbn hfp-sIm-n-cn-pp- thm, B ]q- amb PKp ]c- a-]p-cp- j-\mb ]c-am- m18. \h-Zzmtc ]ptc tZlo lwtkm
hns Xs kzcq-]-am-Ip-p. Atlw kzb-am-bn-s
teem-btX _lnx
Xs kzcq-]-`q-X- amb ANn-y-i
- n-tbm-Sp-IqSn Cu cq]hio kky temIky mh-cky
n {]Xy--am-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse Atlw Aar-X- kzNcky N.
cq-]-am-Ip tam- ns bP-am-\-\m-Ip-p. AXm-bXv
Pohn-Isf kwkm-c-_\-fn\npw tamNn-nv Xs
mh-c-Pw-K-a--fmb Fm Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw kapZmb
{]m]n-p--h-cm-n-op-p. AXn-\m At-ls cq]-am-Ip Cu {]]-s Xs A[o-\-n shp{]m]n-p--Xn- -`nejnp- p. km[-I- m At-l-ns sIm-n-cn-p B {]Im-i-a-b-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c\v cp
ic-W-n sNp-tN-c-Ww.
I-fpw cp \mkn-Im-Zzm-c
- fpw Hcp apJhpw Hcp
KpZhpw Hcp enwKhpw Dv. C{]-Imcw H]-Xp-hm-Xn-ep-I16. kXx ]mWn-]mZw XXv
tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb a\p-jy-i-co-c-cq-]-am-Ip \K-c-n Atlw
khtXmnintcm apJw
A-cym-an- cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSn nXn-sN-p-p. At-lw-Xs
kXx {ipXn-a-tmtI k-am-h rXy
Cu _mly-{]-]-
- nepw eoe-I \S-n-sm-n-cnXnjvT -X n. pp CsXmw a\-n-emn a\-ns\ Fhn-Sw-hsc kpKB ]c-am-m-hns Im, ssI, inc-v, apJw, sNhn a- ambn nc-s-Sp-p-hm km[n- ptam Ahn-Sw-hsc AtFmw m\--fm-Ip-p. B Fm m\fpw Fm ls [ym\n-p-sIm-n-cn--Ww.
in- tbm-Spw-IqSn {]hn-p--Xn ka--fm-bn-cnp-p. Atlw Fm-m-\pw Xs `-msc cnp--Xn\pw AXp-t]mse Ahsc Xntep kzoI-cn-p-Xn\pw Ic \on-sm-n-cn-p-p. At-l
- ns
`-m At-ls FhnsS B{K-ln-p-pthm AhnsS-s Atlw Fn- bn-cn-p-- Xmbn ImW-s- Sp-p.
Atlw Fm--epw Fm Pohn-Ifpw hgn \S--sSp I-sf Ip-sIm-n-cn-p-p. At-l-ns
`-m FhnsS At-ls {]W-an-p-pthm (F- m-bnSpw hym]vX-am-bn-cn-p--Xp-Im-c-Ww) Ahn-sS- s
At-l-ns Nc-W-fpw incpw nXn-sN-p-p.
Xs `-m-cpsS {]m-\I tIp--Xn-\p-thn
At-l- ns I- Fpw Dm-bn-cn- p-p. Xs
`-m-cm AWw sN-s-Sp hkvXpsf A\p-`hn-p--Xn\v At-l-ns apJw Fm-bn-Spw Xmdmbpw Ccn-p-p. B ]c-ta-iz-c Cu {_m-WU
v -n
Fm-n- s\bpw Fm `mK--fn\npw hebw sNbvXp
nXn-sN-p-p. Cu Imcy--sfmw hniz-knv a\p-jy
At-l-ns tkh-\-n hym]r-X-cm-bn-cn--Ww.

17. kt-{ n-b-Kp-Wm-`mkw kt-{n-b-hnhnXw

kky {]`p-aoim\w kky
icWw _rl-Xv.

kw_w Atlw ka-ktv X- {nbfm cln-X-\m-bncp-npw Fm C{n-b

- -fp-tSbpw hnj-b
- sf Adn-bpp. CXp IqSp-X kv]jvS-am-p-p.

19. A]m-Wn-]mtZm Pht\m {KloXm

]iy-Xy-Npx k irtWm-Xy-Ix
k thn thZyw \ N XkymkvXn thm
Xam-lp-c{Kyw ]pcpjw alm-w.
bmsXm-cp-s {]I-c-W- \S- p-sIm-n-cn-ppthm B ]c- {_ ]c- am- mhv lkvX- c-ln-X-\mbncpnpw
Fm m\pw Fm hkvXp-- tfbpw ]nSn-s-Sp-p-p.
AXp-t]mse ]mZ-c-ln-X- \m-bn-cp-npw AXn-thKw C-m-\pk-c-W-ambn Fpw Ka-\m-K- a-\- \S-p-p. \b-\-c-lnX-\m-bn-cp-npw Fm m\pw Fmw Ip-sIm-n-cnp-p. I-c-ln-X-\m-bn- cpnpw Fm m\- p-\npw
Fmw {ihn-p-p. Atlw {Kmly-tbm-Ky--fmb PUtN-X-\h
- k
- vXp-sf \mbn Adn-bpp; Fm Atls Adn-bp--h-cmbn Bcpw-Xs C. bmsXm-cp-
Fm-n-s\bpw Adn-bp--h-\m-bn-cn-p-pthm At-ls
B-dn-bm km[n-pp? At-l-ns hnj-b-n
m\n-I-fmb alm-m ]d-bp-Xv Atlw AJn- en-sbpw BZnbpw ]pcm-X\pw alm-]p-cp-j\pw BIpp
Fm-W.v

153

20. AtWm-cW
- o-bm altXm alo-bm
\mm Kplmbmw \nlntXmky Ptmx.
Xa-{IXpw ]iyXn hoX-timtIm
[mXpx {]km-Zm--ln-am-\-ao-iw.
kqva-s- m AXn-kq-vahpw qe-s-m
A-Xn-q-ehpw Bb B ]c-{_ ]c-am-mhv Cu PohnI-fpsS lrZ-bc
- q-]-am-Ip Kpl-bn Hfnp-h-kn-p-p.
Fm-sbpw krjvSn-n-cn-p B ]c-ta-iz-cs Ir]bms a\p- jyv kzmkev] cln-X\pw Ir]mI-c\pw ]c-a-kp-lr-p-amb ]c-ta-iz-c-s \bpw At-lns aln-a-tbbpw {Kln-p-hm km[n-p-p. B ]ca-Z-bm-ep-hmb ]c-ta-iz-cs Cu kmm-Xvmcw Dm-Iptm Fs-t-bvp-ambn Fm {]Im-c-n-ep-ap ZpxJ-fn\npw ap-\mbn ]c-am-\ kzcq-]-\mb ]c-ta-izcs\ {]m]n-p-p.

m-Ip--Xn\p thn-am{Xw Ah-bpsS Im-\p-k-c-W- ambn

Cu \m\m-h-cq-]--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb PK-ns cN-\bpw
]me-\phw kwlm-chpw \S-p-I-bpw Imem-Im-e--fn
Bh-iy-a-\p-k-cnv At\I cq]--fn {]Xy--am-hp-Ibpw
sNpp B ]c-a-tZ-h\
- mb ]c-ta-iz-c hmkvX-h-n
GI\pw AZzn-Xo-b-\p-am-Ip-p. At-l
- n\npw AXncn--ambn Hpw Xs- bn-. Atlw \apv k_pn
{]Zm\w sNp-am-dm-I-tW.
kw_w C{]-Imcw {]mn-t--hn[w ]d-p-I-gnp. C\n aqp a{- hgnbmbn ]c-ta-iz-cs\ PKns cq]-n Nnn-p-sImv At- ls kvXpXn-p-Xn-\p hn[- \nt-in-n-cn-p-p.

2. XtZ-hm-n-kX
v Z- m-Zn-Xy-kvX-ZzmbpkvXZp N{amx
XtZh ip{Iw XZv {_ XZm-]k
- vXXv
{]Pm-] -X nx.

21. thZm-l-ta-X-a-Pcw ]pcmWw

km-m\w k-KXw hn`p-Xzm-Xv.
P\ntcm[w {]h-Zn bky
{_-hm-Znt\m ln {]h-Zn \nXyw.

An, Pew, kqcy, hmbp, N{, ap {]Im-inp Fm \{X--fpw, {]Pm-]-Xn-I, {_mhv Chsbmw ]c{_w Xs-bm-Ip-p. Ch-sbmw GI\pw
AZzn-Xo-b-\p-amb ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs hn`q-Xn-I Xsbm- I p- p. Ch- s b- m- n- s bpw A - c ym- a n- b mb
thZ- c- l- ky-sf hn- p alm- ]p-cp- j- m bmsXm- Bmhpw Atlw Xs-bm-Ip-p. AXn- \m Ch- sbmw
cp-s\ P-c-ln-X- \mbpw AXp-t]mse \nXy-\mbpw hnh- At-l-ns cq]-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw ]q-amb PKcn-p-pthm Atlw hym]-I-\m-bn-cn-p--Xp-Im-cWw ns cq]-n B ]c-am-m-hn-s\-n Nnn--Ww.
Fpw hncm-Pn-p-sIm-n-c n-p- p. bmsXm-cp--\m
3. Xzw kv{Xo Xzw ]pam-\kn Ipam-ckv Xzw
bmsXm-cp- m-\hpw iq\y-am-Im-Xn-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cpDX hm Ipamco
Pc, arXyp apX-emb Fm hnIm-c--fnepw \np
kYm c lnX\pw k-n-sbpw BZn-]p-cm-W]
- p-cpXzw Potm ZWvtU\ hkn Xzw
PmtXm `hkn hniz-tXm-ap-Jx.
j\pw Bbn-cn-p-pthm kI-e-n-sbpw Bmhpw
A-cym-an-bp-am-bn-cn-p-pthm B ]c-ta-iz-c s\ Rm
tl kth-iz-cm, Av kv{Xo, ]pcp-j, Ipam-c,
Adn-bpp Fv ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]np alm-m-
Ipamcn BZn-bmbn At\Iw cq]--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\m-Ip-p.
]dbp- p.
AXm-bXv Ch-sb-m-n-sbpw cq]-n Ap {]I-Sam-bn-sm-n-cn-p-p. Ap-Xs hr-\m-bnv hSn-bpsS
klm-b-m \S-pp; AXm-bXv Ap-Xs hr-cqNXpYm- ymbw
]-n {]Xy--s-Sp-p. tl ]c-am--, Ap-Xs
1. b GtImhtm _lp[m in-tbm-KmZv
hncmSv cq]-n {]Xy--am-bnv Fm `mK-tbvpw
apJw Xncn-p-sIm-n-cn-p; AXm-bXv ]q-amb Cu
hm-\-t\-Im \nln-XmtYm Z[mXn
PKv A-bp-sS-kz-cq]w Xs-bm-Ip-p. temI-n
hn ssNXn Nmt hniz-amZu k tZhx
F{Xtbm apJ- ImW-s- Spp. Ah- sbmw A-bpsS
k t\m _pym ip`bm kwbp-\-p.
Xs-bm-Ip-p.
bmsXmcp ]c-{_--]-c-am-mhp \ncm-Im-c-kz-cq-]-n
4. \oex ]XMvtKm lcntXm temln-Xm-
cp]-hmZn cln-X-\m-bn-cp-npw krjvSn-bpsS Bcw-`kvXUn-ZvK` EXhx kap{Zmx
n GtXm cl-ky-]q-amb Dtiw ImcWw Xs
A\m-Zn-aXzw hn`p-tXz\ htk
kzcq]`qX--fmb \m\m-{]-Im-c-n-ep in-I-fpsS
kw_--tm-Sp-IqSn At\I--fmb cq]-hm-Zn-Isf
btXm PmXm\n `ph-\m\n hnizm.
[mcWw sNp-p. AXp-t]mse Ah-km\w Cu ]q`K-hm-t\, k-t- cym-an-bmb Ap \oe-h-tmamb PKv bmsXm-cp--\n hneo-\-am-Ipp AXm-bXv
Sp-Iq-Snb Nn{X-i -e-` hpw AXp-t]mse lcn-X-hhpw
Xs {]tbm-P-\-n-\m-bn--msX Pohn-Ip ku`m-Ky-apNph IpIfpap ]nbpw BIpp; Ap-Xs

154

I hnZy-n-\m bp-amb taL-am-Ip-p. hk-m-ZnIfmb

Fm EXp-fpw k]vX-k-ap-{Z-fpw A-bpsS cq]w-X-sbm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv Cu \m\m-{]-Im-c-n-ep hcq]tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Fm PU-tN-X-\-hk
- vXp--fpsS cq]n Rm Asbs Zin-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
Fp- sIm-s- m An \np-Xs Cu Fm temIfpw Ah-bn hkn-p Fm Poh-Pm-e-fpw Dhn-n-cn-p-p. hym]-I-amb cq]-n Ap-Xs Fmnepw hncm-Pn-p-p. AXp-t]mse Ahy-hpw Poh-cq]hpw Bb A\mZn {]Ir-Xn-bpsS (C-h-]c
- m, A]cm F
t]cn hnfn--s-Sp-p) bP-am-\\pw Ap-Xs BIpp. AXn-\m GI- am-{X-\mb Asbs Rm Fmn- sbpw cq]-n Zin-p-p.

kw_w ]cm-{]-Ir-Xn-cq-]-amb B Poh-k-ap-Zm-b-n\v

Ftm Fs\ hnap--am-Ip-hm Ign-bpp Fp
ASp cp a{--fn-embn ]d-bpp

6. Zzm kp]m kbpPm kJmbm

kam\w hrw ]cn-j-kz-PmtX
Xtbm-c\yx ]new kzmZz-Xy
\iv\-t\ym A`n-Nm-I -io-Xn.

Cu a{- n ico-cs Aiz--hr--nsbpw

Pohm-m-hn-sbpw ]c-am-m-hn-sbpw ]nIfpsSbpw
cq]-n hn-n-cn-p-p. CXp-t]m-se-Xs ItTm-]-\nj-n Pohm-m-hn-s\bpw ]c-am-m-hn-s\bpw Kpl-bn
{]hn-jvS-amb \ng- en-sbpw {]Im-i-n-sbpw cq]-n
kw_w ]q-a-{-n ]c-{_--]-c-ta-iz-cs\ cp hn-n-cn-p-p. cp m\--fp-tSbpw `mhw Hp-X{]Ir-Xn-I-fpsS kzman-sbp ]d-n-cn-p-p. B cv s. a{-ns kmcmwiw a\p-jy-i-cocw Bhr-A\m-Zn-{]-Ir-Xn-I GsXmw? CXns\ hni-Zo-I-cn-pp n\p ka-am-Ipp Fm-W.v Cuiz-c\pw Pohm-mhpw
Ch cpw Hnp hkn-p cp ]n-Is
- f-tm-se5. APm-taImw temlnX ipIrjvWmw
bp an{X--fm-Ip-p. Ch c pw Cu ico-c-cq-]-am-Ip
hox {]Pmx krP-am\mw kcq]mx
hr- n Hnv Htc lrZ-b-cq-]-am-Ip amf-n \nhAtPm tlytIm Ppj-amtWm\ptitX
kn-p-p. ico-c-n hkn-p-sImv {]mcm-_v[-\p-k-c-W- ambn Cu hr-ns ^e-tfm Fp tXmpPlm-tXy\mw `pt`mKm-a tPm\yx.
amdv kpJ-ZpxJ cq]--fmb I- ^-e-sf {]m]n-p-p.
Ign a{-n kqNn-n cp {]Ir-XnIfn
Cu ^e-sf Pohm--cq-]-am-Ip ]n AXn-kzm-tZm-SpHm-Is KoX-bn hn-n-cn-pp A]-c-bm-Ip-p.
IqSn `pPn-p-p. AXm-bXv lj-tim-I-sf A\p-`-hn-pAXn\v Fp t`Z-fpw ]d-n-cn-p-p. CXv Xs A[nsImp I-^-es t`mKn-p-p. cm-as Cuiz-cjvTm-Xm-hmb ]c-a-tZ-h-]-c-ta-iz-cs kmn-[y-n Xtcq-]-am-Ip ]n Cu ^e-sf `n-p-n-. Ip-sImXs kmZr- i y- n AXm- b Xv {Xnp- K p- a -b - a mb
p-am{Xw Ccn-p-p. AXm-bXv Cu ico-c-m {]m]vXAkwJyw Poh-tZlsf krjvSn- n-cn-p. {XnKp-W-ambn
-fmb kpJ-Zpx-J-sf AXv Bkz-Zn-p-n; Ah-bpsS
AYhm {XnKp-Wm-- I- am-b-Xn-\m CXns\ {Xnh--tfmkmn- am-{X-am- bn-o-cp- -tX-bp-q. ]c-am- m-hn-s\- tmse
Sp-Iq-Sn-bXv Fp ]d-bp-p. kXzw, cP-,v Xav Cu aqp
Pohm-mhpw Zi- I am{X- am- bn-cn-p-I-bmsWn ]ns
KpW- Xs CXns aqp-h--fm-Ip-p. kXzCXn\v Ah-tbmSp bmsXmcp kw_-hpw Ah-ti-jn-pKpWw \n-ehpw AXp-t]mse {]Im-i-I-hp-am-b-Xn-\m
n-. Cs\ Xs Pohm-m-hns kw_--nepw
AXns\ tizX-sap Icp-Xp-p. ctPm-KpWw cmKm--I-amapa- {--fn ]d- n-cn- p--Xp- t]mse AXp {]Ir-Xnsb
Ip-p. AXn-\m AXns hw Nph-mbn Icp-Xp-p.
A\p`hn-Xn-\p-tijw AXns\ \nm-c-ambn ]cn-K-Wnv
AX-t]mse Xtam-KpWw Am-\-cq-]
- ns Bh-cW
- ]cn-Xy-Pn-p-p. AXn\npw apJs ]nn-cn-p-p.
tm-Sp- Iq-Sn-b-Xm-I- bm IrjvW-h-ambn ]d-b-s-Sp-p.
AXns\ kw_- n-n-S-tmfw ]noSv {]Ir-Xn-bpsS AXmCu aqp KpW--tfm-Spw-IqSn {]Ir-Xnsb shfp-v, NphbXv PK-ns k Xs Cm-Xm-bn-o-cp-p. ]nsv, Idpv Fo h--fn ]d-b-s-Sp-p. cm-a-tXv
bm-Is AXpw AXns an{Xhpw Ch-cpw am{Xw
Poh-cq-]-amb ]c AYhm tNX-\m-{]-Ir-Xn-bpsS \ma-m
Ahtijn-p-Ibpw ]c-k]
v cw an{X-X-bpsS B\w A\pt{X F t]cnepw AXp-t]mse A-c-]p- cp-js
`-hn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
\ma- nepw h\w sN-s-n- cn- p-p. AXn\v cp `mK- fp-.v Hm-a-tXv A]cm {]Ir- Xn-bn Bk-- \m-bnv
7. kamt\ hrt ]pcptjm \na-tm
AXn-t\mSv sFIyw {]m]nv AXns hnNn-{X- -fmb t`mK\oibm timNXn aply-am\x
sf X-fpsS I--\p-k-cW
- -am-b-\p-`-hn-p
PqjvSw bZm ]iy-Xy-\y-ao-i
Pohn-I, cm-a-tXv bmsXm-cp- Cu t`mKsfmw
aky aln-am-\-anXn hoXtimIx.
A\p-`-hn-nv Chsb \nmcfpw W-`w-Kpcfp-am-bn-cpXn ]cn-]q-ambpw ]cn-Xy-Pn-p m\n-I-fmb
Cu ico-c-cq-]-am-Ip Htc hr-n lrZ-b-cq-]-amalm-]p-cp-j
- m-cpsS kaq-lw. Cu cn-\-nepw s]n-p- Ip IqSn-\p- n ]c- am-m- hn- t\m- sSmp Ign-p- Iq-Sp
-h AP-m-fpw A\m-Zn-I- fp-am-Ip- p. CXn-\m Chsc Cu Pohm-mhv Xtm-Sp-IqSn hkn-p ]ca kplr"AP-m' Fp hnfn-p-p.*

155

I mb ]c-ta-iz-cs t\sc ZrjvSn-I-fp-bmsX Cu ico-

fn\npw cNn-n-cn--p. C{]-Imcw cNn--s-n-cn-

c-ns Bk--am-bnv taml--fn \na--ambn Cu PK-n ap-h AXm-bXv t\cs hn-n-p
ico-ct- mSv AXyw aaX ]pen-smv AXp-hg- n- m\n-I-fmb alm-]p-cp-j-m-cn\npw `n-ambn Poh- m-Ip--am-b-bn _n--s-n-cn-p-p. Xsbmbn t`mK-sf D]t`mKn-p- -Xn X-c-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn k-ap-Zm-ba
hknv Ak-a-X-bmepw Zo\-X-bmepw tamln-X-ambn kzm-an-bmb ]c-{_--]-c- ta-iz-cs\ kmm-XvI-cn-m-Xn-cn- p\m\m- {]-Im-c- -f n-e p-a p ZpxJ- sf A\p-` -hn-p-sIm- -Xp-hsc Ah\v Cu {]Ir-Xn-bn\npw tamN\w t\SppIgnbp-p. Ftm-sg-nepw Ch-s-ta `K-hms Zb- hm km[n-p-n- . AXn-\m a\p-jyv B ]c-am-mbp-m-Ip-tm Ch Xn\npw `nhpw Xtm- hns\ Adn-bp--Xn\pw {]m]n-p--Xn-\p-ap D- S-amb
sSmp hkn-p--Xp-amb ]c-a-{]n-b-\mb `K-hms\ Xncn- A`n-emjw Dm-bn-cn--Ww.
-dn-bp-p. bmsXm- cp- `-P-\--fm \nc-cw tkhn10. ambmw Xp {]IrXnw hnZym-m-bn\w Xp
X-\m-bn-cn-p B ]c-ta-iz-c-s\bpw AXp-t]mse At-latl- izcw
ns B-cy-a-bn-bmb aln-a-tbbpw PK-n `n-`nXkym-h-b -h-` q-s sX-k vX p- hym]vX w
-{]-Im-c--fn {]I-S-am-bn-sm-n-cn-p--Xns\ Zinp
k-anZw PK-Xv.
Ign-bp-tms Ah kYm timI-c-ln-X-\m-bnocpp.
Cu {]I-c-W-n bmsXm-ns\ amb-bpsS \ma- n

8. EtNm Atc ]cta thyma

bkvan tZhm A[n hntiz \ntjZpx
bkvXw \ thZ InarNm Icn-jyXn
b CXv XZv hnZpkvX Cta kam-k-tX.
]c-{_-]
- -c-ta-iz-cs BIm-i-kz-cq-]-am-Ip ]c-a-[ma-n ka-kvX-tZ-h-K-W- AXm-bXv B ]c-am-mhns ]mj-Z-K-W- B ]c-ta-iz-cs\ tkhn- p-sImp
\nh-kn-p-p. Ahn-sS-s ka-kX
v - th-Z- fpw ]mjZ-m-cpsS cq]-n aqn-a
- mb `K-hmsd tkh-\-a\p-jvTn-p-p. bmsXmcp a\p-jy B ]c-a-[m-a-n hknp ]c-{_ ]pcptjm-as\ Adn-bm-Xn-cn-p-pthm
ka-kvX-thZfpw At-l-n\v tkh-\-a-\pjvT np
At-l-ns Xs AwK- `q-X-am- Ip ]mj- Zvam- sc clkys Adn-bm-Xn-cn-p-p-thm, Ah thZ- hgnbmbn Fp {]tbm-P\w t\Spw? AXm- bXv bmsXmpw t\Sphm km[n-p-I-bn-. Fm bmsXm-cp- B ]c-amm-hns\ XmXzn-I-ambn {Kln-p-p-hthm Ah-\m-Is B
]c-a -[m-a-nXs kay-m-b-hn-[-n nXn-sN- pp. AXm-bXv Ahn-sS-\npw Hcn-epw Xncn-p-t]m-cp
-n-.

9. Omwkn bmx {IXth {hXm\n

`qXw `hyw b thZm hZn
bkvam-mbo krPtX hniz-ta-X-Xv.
Xkvanw mt\ym ambbm kw\n-cp-x.

ka-kX
v -th-Z-cq-]a
- mb O-p-I, b-, {IXp AXm-bXv tPymXn-jvtSm-amZn hntij b-,
\m\m-{]-Im-c-n-ep {hX-, k-, kZm-Nmc-, Ah-bpsS \nb-a- AXp-t]mse ap--`q-Xw,
h-am-\w, `mhn ]Zm- Ch-bpsS h\w thZ-fn ImW-s-Sp-p. Ch-sb-m-n-t\bpw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS
A[n-jT
v n-Xm-hmb ]c-ta-iz-cXs Xs Awi-`q-X-ambn
t\ct ]d-n-cn-p-p. ]-`q-XmZn XXz-k-ap-Zm-b--

hn-n-cn-p-pthm AXm-Is `K-hms in-cq-]-{]-IrXnbpw B ambm-\m-a-m Adn-b-s-Sp in- cq-]-{]-IrXn-bpsS A[n-]Xn ]c-{_--]-c-ta-iz-c-\mb atlizc-\p-am-Ipp. Cs\ Ch cn-t\bpw {]tXyIw {]tXy-I-ambn a\n-em-- Ww. B ]c-ta-iz-cs in- cq- ]-{]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS-X- s
AwK-`q-X-amb Imc-W-Imcy kap-Zm-b-m Cu kqP-Kp hym]vX-am-bn-sm-n-cn-p-p.

11. tbm tbm\nw tbm\n-a-[n-Xn-jvT-tXytIm

bkvan-nZw k N hn ssNXn khw
Xaoim\w hcZw tZh-aoUyw
\nNm-tamw imn-a-Xy--ta-Xn.
]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c Hmtcm tbm\n-bp-tSbpw GI-\mb
Ay-- \m-Ip-p. Atlw temI-n F{X {]Im-c-fn-ep Imc-W- AwKo-I-cn--s-n-cn-p-pthm AhbpsS Fmw A[n-jT
v m-Xm-hm-Ipp. Ah-bn GsX-nepw
Imcys D-hn-n-p- -Xn-\p in k-Im- c-W- \mb
B ]c-am-m-hntdXm-Wv. At-l-ns tat\m--n
Xs Ah B Imcy--sfmw Dev]--am-p-p. B ]cta-iz-c Xs Ah-bpsS Fmw ta`-cWw \Sp-p.
Ah-bpsS Fm hyh-Ifpw bYm-tbmKyw \S--s-SpIbpw sNp-p. Cu Fm temI-fpw {]f-b-Im-ev
At-l-ns hneo-\-am-Ip-Ibpw AXp-t]mse
hop-ap-m-Ip krjvSn-Im-e- At-l-n\n-pXs hnhn[ cq]--fn D- hn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. k\n-b-a-mhpw hc-Zm-b-I\pw GI-am-{X-kvX p-Xn-tbm-Ky\pw
k-kp-lrpw Bb ]ctaizc-]-ca
- m-m-hns\ Adnnv Cu Pohn-I \nc-cw kw`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p
]c-a-\nm-W-cq-]-amb imnsb {]m]n-p-p.

12. tbm tZhm\mw {]`-h-tm-h

-
hniz-[nt]m cpt{Zm aljnx
lnc-Wy-K`w ]iyX Pmb-am-\w
k t\m _pym ip`bm kwbp-\-p.

156

AJn-e-tbpw Xt-Xmb `c-W-n hp-sIm-n-cnp cp{Z-cq- ]- tm- Sp-Iq- Snb ]c- ta-iz- c C{mZn Fm tZhX-I-tfbpw krjvSn-p-Ibpw hfp-Ibpw sNp-p.
AXp-t]mse Fm-nsbpw A[n-]-Xnbpw alm-m-\k--\pw Bbn-cn-p-p. bmsXm-cp- krjvSn-bpsS
Bcw-`-n G-hp-am-Zy-ambn D-hn lnc-Wy-K`s
In-cp-pthm AXm-bXv bmsXmv {_m-hns ]qhn-bm-bn-cp-pthm B ]c-a-tZ-h-\mb ]c-am-mhv \apsmw k_pn {]Zm\w sNtW. B k_pn
Pohn-Isf Ieym-W-cq-]-\mb ]c-am-m-hn-tep tNp-Xn-\p--Xm-Ip-p. Kmb-{Xo-a-{- nepw CtX _pn-p-thn-s {]m\ \S-p- p. Cu D]- \n-j-ns Bcw`-n Cu a{w hp-I-gn-n-p-v.

\ne-\n-evp-Xpw Ako-ahpw Ahn\minbpw AXn-i-btm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bX

- p-amb imnsb {]m]n-p-p. Fp-sIms-m B alm-]p-cp-j Cu Aim-amb PK-Xv
{]]tmSp kYm kw_- - c-ln-X\pw hnc--\p-amIp-p.

15. k Gh Imte `ph-\ky tKm]vXm

hnizm-[n]x k-`qtXjp KqVmx.
bkvan bpm {_jtbm tZh-Xm
Xtahw mXzm arXyp-]mimwivOn\-n.

bmsXm-cp-s h\w IqsS-qsS sN-s-n-cn-ppthm B ]c-a-tZh ]c-ta-iz-c Xs ka-b-n\v AXmbXv h- am-\-Im-e- kIe {_m- WvU- tbpw kwc13. tbm tZh-\m-a-[nt]m bkvanw-tmIm A[n-{in-Xmx. n-p--Xp-t]mse Atlw ]q PK-ns A[n-]b Cuti Aky Zzn]-Z--Xp-jv]Zx Ikvssa tZhmb Xnbpw Fm Pohn-I-fnepw A-cym-an-bmb cq]-n Hfnlhnjm hnt[-a.
n-cn-p--h-\p-am-Ip-p. At-l-ns thZ-c- lbmsXmcp k- \n- b-m-hmb ]c-ta-iz-c kakvX tZh- ky-sf Adn-n-cn-p aljn-K-W-fpw Fm tZhI-fp-tSbpw A[n-]X
- n-bm-bn-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cp--\n X-Ifpw [ym\w hgn-bmbn kmyw {]m]n-n-cn-p-p. Fmka-kX
v - tem-I-fpw Fm {]Im-c-nepw B{in-X-am-bn-cn- hcpw At-ls kvacn-p-Ibpw Nnn-p-Ibpw sNbvXpp-pthm bmsXmp qehpw kqvahpw Ahy-- sImv At-l-ns ]n-tn-cn-p-p. C{]- mb B ]ctaizcs\ Adn-nv a\p-jy
amb Ah--b nXs Fm-hn-[- nepw Fm-n- Imcw ]c-a-tZ-h\
bac
mP
s
Fm
]mitfbpw AXm-bXp P\-\-a-c-W-Imsbpw B{i-b-am-bn-cn-p-pthm bmsXmv cp ]mZ-cW
`
qX

f
mb
Fm
_\v[-\
- -tfbpw apdnp-I-f-bp-p.
tfmSpw \mep-]m-Z--tfmSpw IqSn-bh
- b
- p-sS-ta AXm-bXv
Fm Poh-k-ap-Zm-b--fp-tS-bpw- ta Xs ANn-y-i-n- ]noSv Ah Hcn-epw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS _-\-n AIv p-ambn kYm ap-\m-bn-oZzmcm `cWw \S-p-pthm B B\--cq-]\pw km-[m- s-Sp-n; Fs-t- b
cp
p.
c\pw k-i-n-am\pw Bb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ \apv {im`-n-]qw lhncq-]-am-Ip ImgvN kaWw sNbvXp16. LrXm-Xv]cw aWvU-an-hm-Xn-kqvaw
sImv ]qPn- mw. AXm- b Xv Fmw At-l - n\p
mXzm inhw k-`qtXjp KqVw.
kaWw sNbvXp-sImv At-l-n-t-Xp-X-s-bm-nhniz-sskyIw ]cn-th-jvS n-Xmcw
omw. CXp-Xs At-ls {]m]n-p--Xn-\p
mXzm tZhw apNytX k-]mssix.
kl-P-amb D]m-bw.

14. kqvam-Xn-kqvaw Ien-eky at[y

hnizky {kjv Sm-a-t\-I-cq]w
hniz-sskyIw ]cn-th-jvS n-Xmcw
mXzm inhw imn-a-y--ta-Xn.

sh-bpsS apI`mK-p kmcmw-i-s-t mse

bmsXmv Fm- nsdbpw kmchpw AXp-t]mse
kqvahpw BIp-pthm Ieym-W-kz-cq-]\pw GI-am-{X- \pamb B ]c-a-tZh ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Fm Pohn-I-fnepw Hfnn-cn-p--h-\mbpw AXp-t]mse AJn- eP
- -K-n-sbpw
Fm`mKfn\npw he-bw-sNbvXv AXns\ hym]vX-amp--h-\p-ambn Adn-np a\p-jy Fm _-\--fn
\npw tamN\w {]m]n-p-p.

bmsXmcp ]c-{_--]-c-am- mhv kqv at-m

AXyw kqvam-bn-cn-p-pthm AXm-bXp bmsXmv
At-l-ns Ir] IqSmsX {Kln- -s -Sp- n-tbm
bmsXmv kI-e-Xnsbpw lrZ-bK
- p-lm-cq-]-am-Ip cl17. Gj tZthm hniz-Im almm
kyktX-n nXn-sN-ppthm bmsXmv \tmSv
kZm P\m\m lrZtb knhnjvSx
Ghpw ASp-n-cn-p-pthm bmsXmv AJn-e-tem-IlrZm a\ojm a\-km-`n-n]vtXm
tbpw krjvSn-p-pthm AXp-t]mse kzbw hniz-cq-]b GXZv hnZp-c-ar-XmkvtX `h-n.
ambn At\-I -c q-] - sf [cn- p-s Im- n-c n- p- pthm
bmsXmp \ncm-Im-c-cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSn kakvX temI-{]]-s krjvS n Cu alm-mhv AXm-bXv
tfbpw Fm `mK--fn\npw he-bw-sNbvXp hkn-p- kin-am\pw k-hym-]nbpw Bb Cu ]ctaizc
pthm Ah- bs
v - m-ap- ]-cn- bmbn GI\pw AZzn- Xob Ieym- kZm-k-a-bhpw Fm a\p-jy-cp-tSbpw lrZ-b
- -fn kayW-kz-cq-]\
- p-amb atlizc\ Adn-nv a\p-jy \nXyw mb hn[-n nXn-sN-p-p. At-l-ns KpW-

157

I {]-`mhsf {ihn-np {Zhn-Xhpw hnip--hp-amb \n-e-

ikvkv' BIp-pthm bmsXm-ns alm-b-iv k{X

lr-Z-b-tmSpw \n-eb
- p--amb _pn-tbmSpw AXp- {]kn--am- bn- cn-p- pthm B ]cm-]- c- {_--n\p bmsXmcp
t]mse GIm-{K-amb a\-p-h-gn-bmbpw \nc-- c-ambn [ym\n- D]-a-Ifpw {Kln-p--Xn\pw {Kln-n-p--Xn\pw km[y-amm am{Xta B ]c- am-mhp {]Xy- - am-I-bp-q. Cu cl- I- --hn-[- n ImW- s- Sp- n- . AXn-\m a\pjy B
ky-sf {Kln- n-p km[-I At- ls {]m]nv Aar- ]c-a-amb XXzs Adn-bp--Xn\pw {]m]n-p--Xn\pw A`nX-kz-cq-]-\m-bn-o-cpp; Fstbvp-ambn P\-\-a-c-W- em-j-ap-- h- cm- bn- cn-- Ww. Fp- sIm-s- m a\p-jyv
AXp e`n-p--Xm-sW-n \ap-p-aXp e`n--Ww.
-fn \npw ap-\m-Ip-p.

18. bZm Xa-kvX Znhm \ cm{Xn

\ k Nmk-RvOnh Gh tIhex
XZ-cw X-hn-Xph-tcWyw
{]m N XkvamXv {]krXm ]pcm-Wo.
bmsXm-cp-k-a bw Am-X- c q-]-am- Ip A-Im-cns A`mhw Dm-bn-cn-p-pthm B kabw {]Xy-am-Ip XXzw ]Iepw cm{Xnbpw BIp-n-. AXm-bXv
AXns\ ]It]mse {]Im-i-a-ba
- mbpw cm{Xn-p-Xpeyw
AIm-c-ambpw ]d-bp-hm kmy-a- . Fp-sIm-sm AXv cn-s\-mfpw Akm-[m-c-Wm-Ip-p. AhnsS
m\m-m-\--fpsS t`Ztm Iev]-\-Itm
m\-an-. AXv kpw Akpw BIp-n- . AXns\
kspw Ak-spw ]d-tb {]iv\ta DZn-p-n. Fp-sIm-s-m AXv kspw Ak-s-pap \ma--fm Adn-b- s- Sp Fm hkvXp--tf-mfpw
A p- X - I - c - a m- W v . GI- a m{X Ieym- W - k z- c q- ] - \ mb
inhXs B XXz-am-Ip-p. Atlw kYm Ahn-\min-bm-Ip-p. kqcym-Zn-I-fmb Fm tZh-I-fp-tSbpw D]m-kytZ-h-\m-Ip-p. At-l-n\n-p-Xs BZn apX \ne\nph-cp Cu A\m-Zn-bmb m\w hnImkw {]m]n-psIm-n-cn-p- p. AXm-bXv ]c- am- m- hns\ Adn-bp-- Xn\pw
{]m]n- p- -Xn-\pw-th-n-bp km[\ A[n- Im- cn-I-fpsS ]c-c-bn\npw {]m]vX- ambn \ne-\n-p-h-cp-p.

19. ss\\-aq[zw \ Xncyw \ at[y

]cn- {P-{K- `Xv
\ Xky {]Xnam AkvXn bky \ma al-Zy-ix.
]e a{--fn-embn bmsXm-ns h\w \S--sn-c n-p-p-hthm ]ca {]m]y-a mb B ]c-{_-s
bmsXmcp a\p-jy\pw apI-fn \ntm Xmsg-\ntm CSbvp-\ntm as-hnsS \nptam Ic- -am-p-hm km[np-n-. Fp-sIm-s- m AXp kYm A{Km-ly-amIpp ]nSn-bn-sem-Xp-p-n-. CXns\ Adn-bp-Ibpw {]m]np-Ibpw sNt--Xmb Imcyw imkv{X--fn ImW-sSp-p. Ahsb {]m]n-n-p-h
- p am{Xta AXns
clkyw a\-n- em-p-hm km[n- p-p-q. AXpw hmpI-fm hy-am-p-hm Ign-bp-n-. Fp-sIm-s- m
hmp-Ifpw a\pw Ahn-Sw-hsc Fp-n-. AXv Adnbp--Xn\pw Adn-bn-p- -Xn\pw ]p Fm hkvXppw AXo-X-am-Ip-p. bmsXm-ns \maw "alm-b-

20. \ kwZrti XnjvTXn cq]-aky

\Npjm ]iyXn I-ss\-\w.
lrZm lrZnw a\km b G\
tahw hnZp-c-ar-XmkvtX `h-n.
bmsXm-ns {]I- cWw \S- p-sIm-n- cn-p- pthm B
]ca {]m]y-\mb ]c-am-m-hns kzcq]w ZrjvSn-]-Y-n
\np- n- . km[- I a\- phgnbmbn At- ls Nnnp-tm hnip--amb Ax-I-c-W-n Hmtcmc ka-bmbn B\--a-b-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs kzcq-]-ns anna-d-b Dm-Ip-p. Fm AXv \n-e-am-bn-m-W-sSp-n-. Cu ]c-am-m-hns\ Bpw {]mIr-X- -fmb t\{X hgn-bmbn Zin-p-hm km[n-p-n-. bmsXm-cp\v Cu ]c-am-mhv kzbw Ir]-tbm-Sp-IqSn Znhy-ZrjvSn
{]Zm\w sNbvXn-cn-p-pthm Ah\p am{Xw At-ls
Znhy-t\-{X--fm Zin-p-hm Ign-bp-p. bmsXmcp
km[I C{]-Imcw Cu clkyw a\-n-emn Xs lrZb-n nXn-sN-p-p. Cu A-cym-an-bmb ]c-am-mhns\ At-l-s KpWw, {]`mhw Chsb {ihn-nv
`n-`m- h-m {Zhn-X-amb lrZ-bw- h-gn-bmbpw \n-e- amb
a\-p-h-gn-bmbpw \nc-cw At-ls Nnn-p-sImp
a\-n-em-p-pthm Ah Aa-c-\m-bn-o-cpp \nXyambn P\-\-a-c-W--fn \npw ap-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
kw_w C{]-Imcw ]c-ta- iz-cs kzcq-]-tbpw Atl-ns {]m]vXn-bpsS ^e-tbpw hnh-cn-nv C\n cp
a{- - fn-embn BZyw apn-p-th- nbpw ]noSv kmwkmcn-I
- -fmb `b--fn \np c- bvp-th-nbpw B
]c- ta-iz-c-t\mSp {]mn- p-- Xn-\p {]Im-c-sf \ntin-p-p.

21. APmX CtXyhw InZv `ocpx {]]-ZytX

cp{Z-bt ZnWw apJw tX\ amw
]mln \nXyw.
tl cp{Zm, kI-e
- n-sbpw kwlm-c-I-\mb ]c-ta-izcm, Av kzbw AP-m-hm-Ip-p. AXn-\m ap--htcbpw P\- \-a-c-W-- fn\np ap-cm-p-Xv A-bpsS
kz`m-h-am-Wtm? CXp-hn-Nm-cnv P\-\a
- -c-W-sf `b-sp- sIm- n-cn-p km[I Cu kwkm- c-N- {I-n\npw
tamN\w t\Sp- -Xn- \p- thn Asb icWw {]m]n- pp.
Rm\pw Cu kmwkm-cnI N{I-n\npw tamN\w t\Sp-Xn-\p-thn Asb icWw {]m]n-pp. AXn-\m

158

I bmsXmv A-bpsS he-Xp-ap-J-am-Ip-pthm AXm-bXv

bmsXmv A-bpsS Ieym-W-a-b-amb kzcq-]-am-bn-cn-ppthm AXp-h-gn-bmbn Av Fs Cu P\-\a
- -c-Wc
- q-]amb alm-`-b-n\npw Fs-t-b
v p-ambn cn-mepw. Fs \nXy-ambn Cu `b-n\npw ap-am-nbm- epw.

22. am \kvtXmtI X\tb am \ Bbpjn

am t\m tKjp
am t\m Atizjp cocn-jx. hocmm t\m
cp{Z `man
tXm h[o lhn-jvax kZ-anXzm lhm-a-tl.
kI-e-tbpw kwl-cn-p--h-\mb tl cp{Z-tZ-hm,
R \m\m- {]-Im- c-n- ep ImgvN-I kan-p-sImv
Ftmgpw Asb hnfn-p-sImp hkn-p-p. ApXs Rsf cn-p--Xn kU-Ym ka-\m-Ipp. AXn-\m Av R-fp-sS-ta Hcn-epw Ip]n-X- \mIm-Xn-cn-q. AXp-t]mse Ip]n-X-\m-bnv R-fpsS ]p{X-]u{X- mpw RfpsS Bbp-n\pw IpXnc apX-emb arKpw Hcn-epw bmsXmcp hn[-n-ep-ap Xw
Gev]n- m-Xn-cn--tW. R-fpsS hoc- m-cmb ]pcp- j-msc
\in-n- m- Xn- cn-- tW. AXm- bXv Fm {]Im-c-nepw Rtfbpw R-fpsS [\-tbpw P\--tfbpw cn-m-epw.

]-a m- ymbw
1. tZz Atc {_-]tc Xz\t
hnZym-hntZy \nlntX b{X KqtV
cw XzhnZym lyarXw Xp hnZym
hnZym-hntZ CuitX bkvXp tkm\yx.
bmsXmcp ]c-ta-iz-c {_-s-mfpw AXyw
t{ijvT-\m- bn- cn- p- pthm Xs amb- bpsS ad-bn Hfn-ncn-p- pthm koam-c-ln-X\pw Ahn\min-bp-am-bn-cn-ppthm AXm-b Xv bmsXm-cp- tZi-Im-e- p
khvYm AXo-X-\m-bn-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cp-\v Hcnepw Hcp {]Im-c-nepw hn\miw kw`-hn- p-hm km[ya-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm A{]-Im-c-ap ]c-am-m-hn hnZybpw
Ahn-Zybpw hncm-Pn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. AXm-bXv cpw
bmsXm-cp- s B[m-c - n-t Dd- n-c n-p-pthm
Atlw ]q-{_-]
- p-cp-tjm- -a Xs-bm-Ip-p.
ChnsS ]cn-h-\-ioew IqSp-Ibpw Ipd- bp-Ibpw sNbvXpsIm-n-cn-p Dn hn\mikoec-X- X zs
AhnZy F t]cn ]d- n-cn-p- p. Fp-sIm-s- m
AXv PUw BIp-p. AXn hnZy-bp-sS, m\-ns,
kYm A`mhw Dm-bn-cn-p-p. AXn-\p-hn-cp- -ambn
bmsXmp P\-\a
- -c -W--fn cln-X-am-bn-cn-p-pthm
bmsXmv IqSp-Ibpw Ipd-bp-Ibpw sNm-Xn-cn-p-pthm

B Ahn-\m-in-Iq-S--XXzw (Po-h-k-ap-Zm-bw) hnZy F

t]cn hnfn--s-Sp-p. Fp-sIm-s- m AXv tNX-\bm-Ip-p. hnm-\-a-b-am-Ip-p. bmsXm-cp- Cu hnZysbpw Ahn-Zy-sb-p-ap t]cn hnfn--s-Sp cn- sbpw A-c- n-sbpw ta `cWw \S- p-pthm
cn-sbpw kzman-bm-bn-cn-p-pthm cpw bmsXm-cps inbpw {]Ir-Xnbpw Bbn-cn-p-pthm B ]cta-iz-c Cu cn-s\-mfpw A\y\pw XnIpw km[m-cW-\p-am-Ip- p.

2. tbm tbm\nw tbm\n-a-[n-Xn-jvT-tXytIm

hnizm\n cq]mWn tbm-\o kmx
Ejnw {]kqXw I]new bkvXa
- t{K
mss\_n-`n Pmb-am\w N ]tiy-Xv.
Cu {]]-.-n tZh-I, a\p-jy, arK-, ]nI, IoS, Nn{X-i-e`- - apX-embn F{Xtbm tbm\nI ImW-s-Sp-p. AXp-t]mse Hmtcm-n\pw `n-- fmb
cq]--fp-apv. Ah-sb-m-n-sbpw Ah-bp-sS Imc-Wcq-]--fmb ]-a-l-`q-Xm-Zn-bmb Fm XXz--fp-tSbpw
A[n-]-Xn-bm-bn-cn-p-Xp bmsXm-cp-t\m AXm-bXv Chsbmw bmsXm-cp-s A[o-\-n-em-bn-cn-p-pthm
bmsXm-cp- G-hp-amZyw P-sa-Sp I]ne aljnsb
AXm-bXv lnc-Wy-K`-\mb {_m-hns\ Hmtcm k-nsbpw BZn-bn Fm {]Im-c- n-ep-ap m\-- fm
]cn-]p-jSv -am-p-Ibpw Fm {]Im-c-n-ep-ap m\m k--amn krjvSn-p-Ibpw AXp-t]me bmsXmcp- Ghpw BZy- ambn D- hn- nv B lnc- Wy- K`s
Zin-p-Ibpw sNbvXpthm Atlw Xs-bm-Ip-p.
k- i-n-am\pw km-[m-chpw AJn-e-n-tbpw kzmanbp-amb ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a.

3. GssIIw Pmew _lp[m hnIph

kvan tt{X kwl-c-tXyj tZhx
`qbx krjvSzm ]X-b-kvX-tYix
khm[n-]Xyw IpcptX alm-m.
bmsXm-cp-s {]I-c-W- XpSp-sIm-n-cn-ppthm ]c-a-tZ-h-\mb B ]c-ta-iz-c Cu {]]--cq-]-amIp t{X-n krjvSnIm-e-n Hmtcmtcm kaq-lsf AXm-bXv _pn apX- em-bh
- bpw BIm-im-Zn-I-fmb
Xs {]Ir- Xn-Isf ]e-{]-Im-c- n hn`-Pn- nv Hmtcm-n\pw
`n-`n--amb cq]hpw \mahpw inbpw \In Ahsb
hnI-k n- n-p-I bpw kzbw sXs {]f-b -I m-e- n
Ahsb Fmw kwl-cn-p- Ipbw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p- p.
alm-m-hmb B ]c-ta-iz-c krjvSn-Im-e
- n, ap
{]mh-iy-s-tm-se-Xs ka-kvX-tem-I--tfbpw AhbpsS A[n-]
- m-scbpw krjvSnnv kzbw Ah-sb-m-nsbpw A[njvTmXm-hmbn Ah-bp-sS-ta `cWw \S-pp. At-l-ns eoe ANn-y--fm-Ip-p. Nnn-p-

159

I -Xp-sImv At-l-ns cl-ky- a\-n-em-p-hm

B ]c-{_-]
- -c-am-m-hns\ thZfpsS cl-ky-hn-Zymkm[n-p--Xp-a-. At-l-ns `-mXs B eoe- cq-]-amb D]-\n-j-p--fn Hfn-n-cn-p-p. AXm-bXv
I-fpsS cl-kys am{Xta Aev]-ambn a\-n-em-p- At-l-ns kzcq-]-h\w D]- \n- j-p--fn cl-kyp-q.
ambn sN-s-n-cn-p- p. thZw ]pd-s-Xpw At-ln\n- pXsbm- I p- p. C{]- I mcw thZ- -f n
4. khm Zni Du[za-[ XncyIv
adncn-p--h\pw thZ--fpsS {]mI-Sy- m-\-hp-amb B
{]Im-i-b {`mPtX bZz-\-Uvhm
]c-ta-iz-cs\ {_mhv Adn-bp-p. At-lsqSmsX
Ghw k tZh `K-hm htctWym
as-{Xtbm ]q-hn-I-fmb tZh-Ifpw Ejn-amcpw Atls Adn- n-c n- p- pthm Ah- s cmw At- l tbm\nkz`mhm\ [n XnjvT-tXy-Ix.
ns hneo-\-cmbn B\--kz-cq-]-a-m-cm-bn- o-cpF{]-Imcw Cu kqcy Cu {]]-s Fm `mK-p. AXn-\m k-i-n-am\pw km-[m-chpw AJn- efn \npw {]Im-in-n-p-sImp hncm- Pn-p- pthm AtXn-sbpw A[oi\p- amb ]c-am-m-hns\ apIfn ]d
{]-Imcw B `K-hm k-hn[ sFizcyfm k{]Im-c-n AwKo-I-cn-nv At-ls Adn-bp--Xn\pw
\pw Fm-h-cmepw `P-\-tbm-Ky-\p-amb ]c-a-tZ-h-]-c-ta-iz{]m]n-p--Xn\pw a\p-jy X-c-cm-bn-o-c-Ww.
c GI-\m-bn-s ka-kvXI
- m-c-W-cq-]--fmb Xs
`n-`nin-I-fpsS A[n-jvTm-Xm-hmbn Ah-s b-sbmw kw_w ]c-ta-iz-c Fm Pnhn-It- fbpw Ah-bpsS
\bn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Fm-n\pw AXm-XpIfptS-Xmb Im-\p-kr-X-amb KpW- -tfm-Sp-IqSn kwtbm-Pn-n-n-cn-pImcy- \S-p--Xn-\p kmayw \In bYm- p. AXn-\m Pohm-m-hnsd kzcq-]hpw \m\m-tbm-\nI-fnqSn Ncn-p-\-\-Xn-\p Imc-Whpw ]d-bp--Xn-\ptbmKyw {]h-\--fn hym]r-X-\m-bn-cn-p-p.
thn {]tXyI {]I-c-W- Bcw-`n-p-p.
kw_w apI-fn ]-d-n-cn-p Imcy-n\v C\n
7. KpWm-\zmtbm bx ^e-I-Im
kv]jvSoI-cWw \Ip-p.

5. b kz`mhw ]NXn hniz-tbm\nx

]mNymw khm ]cn-Wm-a-tbZv bx
kh-ta-X Zv hniz-a-[n-X n-jvT-tXytIm
KpWmw khm hn\n-tbm-P-tbZv bx.

IrX-ky-X-sskyh k tNm]-t`m-m.
k hniz-c q-]-k v{XnKp-W-kv{Xn-hm
{]mWm-[n]x kwN-cXn kzI-`nx.

Cu a{- n {]I-cWw Bcw-`n-p--Xp-Xs Pohmm-hn\p "KpWm-\zb' hnti-j-Ww-sIm-m-Wv. bmsXmv

bmsXmv Cu kq-hn-iz-ns Imc-W-am-IpPoh-Kp-W- -fm _n--s {]Ir-Xn-bn nXn-sN-ppthm AXm-bXv bmsXm-n\p ap bmsXmcp Imc-Whpw
-Xm-bn-cn-p-pthm AXv P\-\-a-c-W-am-Ip Cu kwkmCm-Xn-cn-p-p-thm, PK-ns Imc-W-cq-]--fmbn ]d-bc-N-{I-n Id-n-smncn-p-p. bmsXmv KpWm-Xos-Sp Fm XXz--fp-tSbpw in-cq] kz`m-hs
X-am-bn-cn-p-pthm AXp Id-p-n-. bmsXmcp PohmbmsXm-cp- Xs k-ev]-cq-]-am-Ip X]-m ]mImhv kXzw, cP-v, Xav Fo {XnKp-W--fm _ns- Sp-p-pthm AXm- bXv BIm-im- Zn-I- fmb Fm XXz--s-n-cn-p-pthm AXp \m\m-{]-Im-c--fn-ep Ifp-tSbpw `n- -fmb in- I {]f-b-Im-e-n ep]vX^-e-cq]fmb t`mKfpsS {]m]vXn- p-thn \m\m-{]- Imam-bn-Xo-cp-p-thm, Ahsb Xs k-ev]Z- zmcm hopw
c-n-ep-ap I- sNp-Ipbw Xm sN-s
{]Xy- - s-Sp- p-Ibpw {]Xy- - am--s in- Isf \m\mB I--fpsS ^ew A\p-`-hn-p--Xn-\p-thn hnhn-[cq-]--fn ]cn-h-\-s-Spn Cu hnNn-{Xamb PKtbm-\nIfn P-sa-Spp hn`n--cq-]--fn {]Xy-- sns\ krjvSn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXp-t]mse kXzmZn
Sp-Ibpw Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp-mepw {XnKp-W--fm bp-am{XnKp-W--fp-tSbpw Ah-bn\n- p--hn-n-p hkvXpbn- cn-p-Ibpw sNp- p.
IvJ-fpsS Pohn-It- fm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp Ah-bpsS Im-\p-krX-amb kw_tbpw bYm-tbmKyw m]n-p-sIm-n- kw_w Pohm-m-hns kzcq]w F-s\-bp--Xmcn-p-p. C{]-Imcw bmsXm-cp- X\n-sb-Xs Cu Ipp F tNmZy-n\p adp-]Sn ]d-bp-p.
kq-P-K-ns Fm-hy-h
-Ifpw \Sn CXn-s8. AMvKp-jvT-amt{Xm chn-Xp-ey-cq]x
ta `cWw \S-p-pthm Atlw k-i-n-am-\mb
kwI-ev]mlw Imc-ka
- -\zntXm bx.
]c-{_--]-c-ta- iz-c-\m-Ip-p.

6. XZv thZ-Kp-tlym-]-\n-jp KpVw

XZv {_m thZtX {_-tbm\nw
tb ]q-tZhm Ej-b XZzn-Zp
kvtX Xbm AarXm ssh _`p-hpx.

_ptKp-tW-\m- -Kp-tW\ ssNh

cm{K-amt{Xm Bly-]tcm]n ZrjvSx.
a\p-jy-lr-Zbw AwKp-jT
v - ns Af-hn IW-m-s-Sp-Ibpw B lrZ-b-ns Pohm-mhp hkn-pIbpw sNp-p. AXn-\m AXns\ AwKpjvTam{Xw (Aw-

160

I Kp-jvT-ns Af-thm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xv) Fp ]d-bp-p.

km[n-p-pthm A{Xbpw Pohm-mhp XS-bp-n-. tNX- vXp-p PU- q-e- tZ-i-tm-Sp-IqSn

AXns hmkvX-hn-I-kz- cq]w kqcy-t\-tmse {]Im-i-abw \m-kq-va -hk
(hn- m-\-abw) BIp-p. AXns\ Am-\-cq-]-am-Ip _-s-Sp-hm km[y-a-. AXn-kq-va-am-sW-n-cn-nepw
A-Imcw kv]in-p--tX-bn-. AXv k-ev]-mepw q-e-hkvXp-fn k{X hym]vX-a m-b n-c n- p-h m
Al-m-c-mepw bp-am- -s- n- cn-p-p. AXn- \m k- km[n-p-p. CtX `mh-s-Xs {Kln-n-p-Xn-\pev]c
- q-]-am-Ip _pn-bpsS KpW-m Al-bpw aa- thn Ah-km-\-n C{]-Imcw ]d-bp-p. CXv C{Xbpw
Xbpw kw_--am-bn-cn-p--Xp-Im-cWw kqNn-ap-\-t]mse kqva-am-sW-n-cn-nepw A\-`m-h-m bp-am-bnAXyw kqva m-I m-c -tm-S p- I q-S n- b Xpw ]c-a m- m- cn-p--Xn AXm-bXv Ako-a-am-IpXn ka-am-Iphn\np `n-hp-am-Ip-p. Pohmmhns XXzs Adn- p. AXv PU-P-K-n Fpw \nd-n-cn-p-p.
n-p m\n-If
- mb ]pcp-j-m KpW--fm bp10. ss\h kv{Xo \ ]pam-t\jp ss]hmbw
amb Pohm-m-hns kzcq-]s Cs\ Xs In-cn\]pw-k -Ix.
p-p. Bm-hns kzqcq]w hmkvX- h
- n AXyw
bZv b-co-c-am-Zt tX\ tX\ k bqPy-tX.
kqv a-am-Ip-p. AXn-kq-va--fmb PU-h-kvXp-
AXns Xpe-\-n qe--fm-bn-cn-p-p. AXns
Pohm-mhv hmkvX-h-n kv{Xobp-a-, ]pcp-j-\p-a-.
kqva-X-Xzs bmsXmcp PU-h-kvXp--fp-tSbpw Af-hn- \]pw- k-I-hp-a-. AXv Hcp ico-c
- n {]th-in-p-tm
\m Af--s-Sp-hm km[y-a-. AXns eyw a\-n- AXp-ambn kwbp--sv As\-Xs Bbn-o-cp-p.
em-p- -Xn-\p- thn am{Xw AXns\ kw_-- h-kX
v p-hns Cv kv{Xobm-bn-cn-p Pohm-mhv ASp P-n
BIm- c- tm-Sp- IqSn hnti- jn-n-p- p. lrZ-b- tZ-ip hkn- ]pcp-j- \m-Ip-p. bmsXmv ]pcp-j-\m-bn-cn-p-pthm AXv
p--Xp-Im- cWw AXns\ AwKp- jvT-am- {X-]- cn-am-W-sap ]d- kv{Xobmbpw `hn-p-p. kv{Xo]p- cp- j-\-]pw-k-ImZnt`Z
bp-Ibpw _pn-Kp-W-n-sbpw AXp-t]mse B- Kp-W- ico-cs kzoI-cn-X
- n-\p-ta Dm-Ip--Xm-Ipp Fp
n-sbpw kw_- - n\npw AXns\ kqNn- ap- \-bpsS `mhw. Pohm-mhv k-t`-Z-iq-\y-am-Ip-p. Fm D]m-[n- IBIm-c- tm-Sp-Iq-SnbsXp ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-p. _pn fn \npw cln-Xa
- m-Ip-p.
apX-em-b-hsb kqNn-ap-\t- bm-Sp-]a
- n-p-p. CXp-sIm- p11. kwI-ev]-\-kv]i-\-Zr-jvSn-tam-ssl
Xs Pohm-m-hns\ ChnsS kqNn-ap-\bvp kZr-i-ambn
{Kmkmw-_phrjvSym Nm-hn-hr-zn-P
]d- n-cn-p- p.
kw_w ]q-a-{-n bmsXmcp Pohm-m-hns
kzcq- ]s kqNn- ap- \bvp kZriw kqva- sap ]d-ncn-p-pthm AXns\ hopw kv]jvS-am-pp

Im-\pKm-\ y-\ p-{I-taW tZlo

mt\jp cq]m-W y-` n-k w-{]-]-Zy-tX.

k-e]
v w, kv]i-\w, ZrjvSn, tamlw, t`mP-\w, Pe-]m\w, hrjvSn Ch-sb-mw-sImp kPo-h-amb ico-c-ns
hrnbpw Phpw Dm-Ip-p. kv{Xo ]pcp-j-m-cpsS ]c`mtKm Pohx k hntbx k
kv]-c-tam-l]
- q-I-amb kev]w, kv]i-\w, hoWw
Nm\-ymb Iev]-tX.
Ch hgn-bm-bp kl-hmkw Dm-bn--gn-m Pohm]q-a-{-n Pohm-m-hns kzcq]w kqNn-ap- mhv K`-n hcpp. FmWv CXn `mhw. ]noSv
\bvpkZriw kqva-sap ]d-n-cn-p-p. AXp amXm- hns t`mP- \w- sImpw Pe- ]m-\w-sImpw Dm- Ip
{Kln-p--Xn {`aw kw`-hn-p-hm km[y-X-bp-v. AXn- t]mj-Imw-i- hgn-bmbn AXns hfbpw P\-\hpw
\m \-Xp-t]mse {Kln-p--Xn\v hopw C{]-Imcw ]d- \S-p-p. cm-as Bibw (`m-hw) `n-`n--tbm-\n-Ibp-p. [m\y-a-Wn-bpsS ap\sb \apv Hcp \qd-I-j-W
- - fn Pohs D-nbpw hfbpw `n-`n--{]-Im-c-fm-mw. ]ns Ah-bn\npw Hsc- -sa- S-nv AXns\ fn-em-Ipp Fm-Wv. Nne tbm\n-I-fn-em-Is Ba-ap-hopw \qdm-bnv Ij-Wn-mw. Ah-bn Hcp Ij- W-n\v bn\n-s-- t]mse k-ev]- am- {X- bns Pohn-I-fpsS
F{X-am{Xw kqva-am-Ip-hm Ign-bptam AXm-bXv [m\y- t]mjWw \S- p-sIm- n-cn-p-p. Nne tbm\n- I-fn ]na-Wn-bpsS ap\sb ]Xn-\m-bn-c-amn Ij-Wn-m AXn bpsS ap-bn\n-s--t]mse Bk-n-tbm-Sp-I q-S nb
Hcp `mK-n\v F{X-am{Xw kqva-am-Ip-hm km[n-ptam kv]i-\w- sImp kw`-hn-p-p. Nne tbm\n- I-fn ayAXn\p kam-\-amWv Pohm-m-hns kzcq]w Fp a\- apX- em-b- h-bn- se-tmse Bk-n-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb t\mwn-em--Ww. Cu hnh-cWw AXns kqva-Xsb ey- sIm-p-Xs kw`-hn-p-p. ap Nne tbm\n-I-fn a\pam-p--Xn-\p-th-n-am-{X- am-Wv. hmkvX- h-n tNX-\b
- p- jy-cnepw arK--fn-epw-t]mse A- `-Ww sImpw PesSbpw kqva-hk
- vXp--fp-sSbpw kzcq]w PU-q-e-h- ]m-\w-sImpw kw`-hn-p-p. Nne tbm\n-I-fn hr-ekvXp- -fpsS D]-a-bm a\-n-em- p-hm km[y-a-. Fp- Xm-ZnIsftmse hrjvSn-bp-m-Ip am{X-bn kw`-hn-psIm- s- m [m\y- a-Wn-bpsS ap\-bpsS ]Xn-\m-bn-c-n p. C{]-Imcw \m\m-{]-Im-c--fn kPoh ico-c--fpsS
Hcp `mK-n\v BIm-i-n F{X-tZ-i-sf XS-bp-hm kwc-- Whpw XpjvSn-]p-jSv n-cq-]-hr-nbpw Phpw Dm-

9. hmem-{K-i-X-`m-Kky iX[m Iev]n-Xky N

161

I Ip-p. Pohm-mhv Xs I--\p-k-c-W-ambn Ah-

n-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm bmsXm-cp--\v BZn-bp-a-- hpbpsS ^e-sf A\p-`-hn- p--Xn-\p-thn C{]-Imcw hn`n- an-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm AXm-bXv bmsXmv Dev]-n, hn\m--fmb temI--fnqSn Ka-\w-sN-bvXp-sImv Hn- iw, hrn-bw apX- emb hnIm-c--fm kYm iq\y\p-tijw Hs {Ia-n \m\m-i-co-c-sf XpS- \m-bn-cn- p- pthm kZm GI- c-k-\m-bn- cn- p- pthm bmsXmcp- Fm temI--tfbpw krjvSn- nv hnhn-[-cq-]
- bmbn kzoI-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
fn {]Xy--s-Sp-Ibpw Cu temIs apgp-h Fm-`mkw_w CXns \m\m-tbm-\n-If
- nqSn XpS-bmK- p- \npw hebw sNbvXn- cn-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm GIbp Ka-\m-K-a\w Fp-sImp kw`-hn-pp? CXn
am-{X\pw km-[m-c\pw k-i-n-am\pw Fm- n- s\bpw
s\n hnh-cn-pp
`cn-p--h\pw kt-iz-c-\p-amb B ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm12. qem\n kqvamWn _lq\n ssNh
-as\ Adn-p-sImv Cu Pohm- mhv Fs-t-b
v pambn Fm _-\--fn\npw XnIpw tamN\w {]m]ncq]mWn tZlo kzKp-ssWhr-tWm-Xn.
p-p.
{Inbm-Kp-ssW-cm--Kp-ssW tXjmw

kwtbm-K-tl-Xp-c-]tcm]n ZrjvSx.
Pohm- mhp Xm sN- s I- - fpsS kwkvmc--fmepw _pn, a\-,v C{n-b- CXp-t]mse ]-`qX- Fn-h-bpsS kapZmb cq]-am-Ip ico-c-ns
[-- fmepw bp-am-bn- cn-p-- Xp-Im-cWw Al-, aaX
apX-emb KpW-p hio`qX-ambn At\-I-a-t\Iw icoc-sf {]m]n-p-p. AXm-bXv ico-c-ns [--fn
Al-bpw aa-Xbpw `mhn-nv XZv cq]-am-bn-cn-p \m\m
{]Im-c--fn-ep-ap qehpw kqva-hp-amb cq]sf
kzoI-cn-p-p. kzw Im-\p-kr-X-ambn `n-`n--tbm\n-I-fn Pw kzoI-cn-p-p. Fm C{]-Imcw P-saSp-p--Xn CXv kzX-{-m-cm-bn-cn-pn. AXn-\m
k-e]
v hpw I-fpw A\p- k-cnv AXmXp tbm\nIfn
CXns\ _n- n- p- Xp amscm BIp- p. Atlw ap]d ]c-ta-iz-c-\m-Ip-p, XXz-m-\n-I Zin-p-Xpw
At-l-s- -s-bm-Wv. Ah Cu cl-ky-sf hfsc
\mbn {Kln-n-cn-p-p. ChnsS I--fpsS kwkvmc-\maw {Inbm-KpWw Fm-Ip-p. Fm XXz--fp-tSbpw
kap-Zmb cq]-am-Ip icocs ImWp-I, {ihn-pI apXemb in-I-fpsS \maw B-KpWw Fm-Ip-p. ChbpsS kw_-- m Pohm-m-hn hp- `-hn-p Al, aa-X, Bkn apX-em-b-h-bpsS \maw kzKpWw Fpam-Ip-p.
kw_w A\m-Zn-Im-ew-ap-X \ne-\n-p-h-cp Cu P\\-a-c-W-cq-]-am-Ip _-n\npw tamN\w {]m]n-p-Xn-\p D]mbw FmWv? CXns\ hnh-cn-p-p.

13. A\m-Zy-\w Ien-eky-at[y

hnizky {kjv Sm-c-a-t\-I-c q]w
hniz-sskyIw ]cn-th-jvS n-Xmcw
mXzm tZhw apNytX k-]m-ssi.
]q-a-{- n bmsXm- cp-s\ Pohm-m- hns \m\mtbm-\n-I-tfmSpw kw_-- s-Sp-p--h-\mbn ]d-n-cn-ppthm bmsXm-cp- A-cym-an-cq-]-n a\p-jy-cpsS
lrZ-bc
- q-]a
- m-Ip Kpl-bn nXn-sN-p-Ibpw AXpt]mse \ncm-Im- c-cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSnb temIw apgp-h hym]n-

kw_w C\n D]-kw-lm-c-ambn apI-fn ]d-n-p

Imcy- sf Hp-IqSn hy-am-n- smp ]c- am {]m]vXnp D]m-bs hnh-cn-p-p.

14. `mh-{Km-lya\oUmJyw `mhm-`m-h-Icw inhw.

Iem-k-Icw tZhw tb hnZpkvtX
Plp-k vX -\ pw.
B ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c B{i-bc
- -ln-X AXm-bXv
ico-cc
- -ln-X BIp-p. AXp-t]mse PK-ns Dnbpw kwlm- chpw \S-p--h\pw ]Xn-\mdp Ie-I- tfbpw
krjvSn-- h- \p-am-Ip- p. C- s\-sbm- s-bm-sW- nepw IeymW-kz-cq-]\pw B\-a
- -b-\p-amb B ]c-ta-iz-cs\ {i,
`n, t{]a-`mhw Ch-bm {Kln-p-hm Ign-bp-p.
bmsXmcp a\p-jy ]c-a-tZ-h-\mb B ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Adnbp- pthm Ah ico-c-tm-Sp Xs _s
Fstbvp-ambn Dt]- n- p-p. AXm-bXv Cu kwkmc-N- {I-n\npw Fs-t-b
v p- ambn tamNn--s-Sp-p.
Cu clkyw a\-n-emn a\p-jy Ign-bp-Xpw thKn ]ca klr-Z-b\pw ]c-a-Z-bm-ephpw ]c-a-t{]-anbpw
k-i-n-am\pw km-[m-c\pw kt-iz-c-\p-amb B ]cam-m-hns\ Adn-bp-n-X\pw {]m]n-p--Xn\pw hy{K-cmbn
{i-tbmSpw `n-`m-h-tmSpw At-l
- ns Bcm-[-\bn hym]r-X-cm-bn-cn--Ww.

jjvTm- ymbw
1. kz`m-h-tatI Ihtbm hZn
Imew XYmt\y ]cn-ap-ly-am\mx
tZh-sskyj alnam Xp temtI
tbt\Zw {`maytX {_-N-{Iw.
Cu PK-ns ImcWw kzm`m-hn-I-am-bX
- m-sWv
F{Xtbm Bfp-I ]d-n-cn-p-p. ]Zm--fn
bmsXmcp kzm`m-hn-Ia
- mb in-bp-m-bn-cn-p-p. Anbn Cu PK-ns Imc-W-am-Ip-p. ap-Nn-e ]d-bp-Xv
Ime-amWv Cu PK-nsd Imc-W-am- Ip- -sX-m-Wv. FpsIm-s- m Hmtcmtcm Ime--fnepw hkvXp-K-X-amb

162

I in {]I-S-am-bn-sm-n-cn-p-p. Fm sshm-\nI {`a--fn AI-s-n-cn-pp. AXn-\m Chv Cu

PK-ns hmkvX-hn-I-amb ImcWw Adn-bp-hm Ign-bpn-. hmkvX-h-n CXv ]c-a-tZ-h\pw k-i-n-am-\pamb ]c-ta-iz-cs aln-a-X- s-bm-Ip-p. PK-ns hnNn{X-amb cN\ Ipw Nnnpw Ign-m At-l-ns
alXzw {]I-S-am-Ipw. Atlw Imepw kz`m-hmZnIfmb Fm Imc-W-pw A[n-]-Xn-bm-Wv. Atlw
hgnbmbn Cu kwkm-c-N{Iw Id--s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p.
Cu clkyw a\-n-emn Cu N{I-n\npw tamN\w
t\Sp--Xn-\p-thn At-ls icWw {]m]n--Ww.

2. tb\m-hrXw \nXy-anZw ln khw

x Ime-Imtem KpWo-k-hnZyx
tXt\-inXw I hnhtX l
]rYz]vtX tPm\neJm\n Nnyw.

hmbp, BImiw Cu Fp {]Ir-Xn-t`-Z- Ch-sb-mn\pw ]pdta Al-, aa-X, Bkn apX-embn B

kw_-n-I-fmb kqva KpW--tfm-Sp-IqSn Pohm-mhns\ _-s-Sp-n-bnv Cu PK-ns\ krjvSnp Fp
a\-n-em--Ww. Cu cp h-\-I-fp-sSbpw Xmcyw
Hp-X- s- bm-Ip-p.

kw_w Cu cl-ky-sf a\-n-em-n-bnv km[-I

Fp-sN-Ww Fp ]d-bp-p.

4. Bc`y ImWn KpWm-\zn-Xm\n

`mhmw km hn\n-tbm-P-tbZv bx
tXjm-a-`mth IrX-I-\mix
I-tb bmXn kX-XztXm\yx.

bmsXmcp I-tbmKn kXzw, cP- ,v Xav Fo KpW-fm hy]vX-amb Xs hw, B{i-aw, ]cn-X-nXn
Ch-b
v -\p- Iq-e-ambn I-hy-I-sf Bcw-`n-nv AhbmsXmcp PKnb-mhpw PK-Zm-[m-chpw Bb ]c-tatbbpw Xs Fm-hn-[-n- ep- ap Al- , aa-X, Bkn
iz-c-\m ]q-amb Cu PKv Ftmgpw Fm AhapX-emb `mh--tfbpw B ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c-\nt#
-I-fnepw hym]-X-am-bn-c-p-pthm bmsXm-cp- Imekan-mepw B ka-W-m B I--tfm-Sp-Iqn-sbpw alm-Im-e-\m-bn-cn-p-pthm AXm-bXv bmsXmSn-bp km[-Is kw_w Ah-ti-jn-p-n-m--Xpcp- m\-kz-c q-] \pw Nn- -b \pw ]c-a m- mhpw
Im-cWw Ah Ah\p ^ew \Ip-n-. C{]-Imcw Ahkplrpw kakvX Znhy-Kp-W--fm \nXy-k-\pw
bpsS A`mhw Dm-Ip--Xn\p ap]mbn sN-s-n-p
Bbn-cn-p-p-hthm Fm KpW-fpw bmsXm-cp-s
kn-X- -fmb I-kw-k
v m-c- -fpsS Dq-e-\miw kw`kzcq-]-`q-Xhpw m\-hp-am-bn-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cp-X- X
hn-p-p. C{]-Imcw I--fpsS \miw kw`-hn-p--XpkakvX {_m-WU
v -tbpw \m-b-dn-n-cn-p-pthm
Im-cWw Ah AXn-thKw ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p-p.
At-l-ms \S--s-Sp Cu PKNv N{Iw \nbFp-sIm-s- m hmkvX-h-n Cu Pohm-mhv PUa-]q-Ia
- m-bn- s Nen-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Atlw
X-Xz-k-ap-Zm-b--fn \npw k-Ym-`n-hpw AXp-t]mse
]rYzn, Pew, tXP-v, hmbp, BImiw Fo ]-a-lm-`qAkm-[m-c-W-hp-a-Ip-p. Ah-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp CXns
X-- fp- sS-ta `cWw \S-n-smv Chsb Xmm-- fpsS
_w Al-, aa-X, apX-em-bh aqe-ap-m-bn-p--Xm-W.v
Imcy- {]hn- p--Xn\p in-{]-Zm\w sNbvXp
kzm`m-hn-I-am-bn-p- -X-.
{]hn-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. At-l-ns in-tbmSp-Iq-Sn-b
- msX Chbvv Hpw sNp-hm km[n-p-n- kw_w I-tbm-Ks hn-nv C\n D]m-k-\m-cq. Cu clkyw a\-n-em-n-bnv a\p-jy k-i-n-am- ]-amb cm-as km[-\sb hn-p-p.
\mb B ]c- ta-iz- cs\ D]-cyp--amb `mh-tm-Sp- IqSn Nnn5. BZnx k kwtbm-K-\n-an--tlXpx
- Ww.

3. XXvI IrXzm hn\n-hy `qb

kvXzky Xtz\ ktaXy tbmKw
FtI\ Zzm`ymw {Xn`n-cj
- vS-`nhm
Imte\ ssNhm--Kp-ssW kqvssax.

]c-kv{Xo-Imem ZItem]n ZrjvSx

Xw hniz-cq]w `h-`q-X-aoUyw
tZhw kzNn--kY ap]mky ]qw.

kakvX PK-n-sbpw BZn-Im-c-W\pw k-i-nam-\p-amb B ]c- ta- iz- c {XnImepw kYm AXo]c-ta- iz-cXs Xs in`qX- amb aqe- {]-Ir- Xn-bm X-\m-Ip-p. At-l-n Ime-n-t-Xmb bmsXmcp t`Z]-qe alm-`q-Xn-I-fpsS cN-\m-Iw \n-ln-nv fpw C. `qX-Im-ehpw `mhn-Im-ehpw At-l-ns
Ahsb \nco- np ]noSp PU-X -X z- -tfm- S p-I qSn ZrjvSn-bn h-am- \-Imew Xs- bm-Ip-p. Atlw ]XntNX\mX-Xzs kwbp--am-n-bnv \m\m-cq-]
- -fn \mdp Ie-I-fn\npw cln-X -\m-b npw temI-tmSp
A\p-`-h-tbm-Ky-amb hnNn{X {]]s krjvSnp. AXm- kYm kw_-- c-ln-X-\m-bn-cp-npw {]Ir-Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn
bXv Ahn-Zy. ]pWyhpw ]m]hpw IqSnb knX-I Pohs\ kwtbm-Pn-n-p Imc-W-n-sbpw Imc-W-\mkwkvm-cw, kXzw cPv Xav Fo aqp KpW-. Ip- p. Cmcyw Cu cl-kys Adn-n-cn-p
Imew, a\-v, _pn, Almcw, ]rYzn, Pew, tXPv, m\nIfmb alm-m-hgn ImW-s-Sp-p. B ]c-ta-

163

I iz-c Xs GI-am-{X-kvXp-Xnv tbmKy-\m-Ip-p. Atls At\z-jnp ap Zqscsbpw t]mtI-. Bh-iyan-. Atlw \psS lrZ-b
- ns nXn-sN-pp. Cmcyw ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-nv Fm {]Im-c--fn-epap cq]w [cn-p--h-h\pw PK-ns cq]-n {]I-Sam-bn-p--h\pw km[mc\pw k-i-n-am\pw ]c-a-tZh\pw Bb ]c-ta-iz-cs D]m-k\ \Sn At-ls
{]m]n- -Ww.
kw_w C\n m\-tbm-K-cq- ]-amb aqm-as km[\sb hnh-cn- p-p.

6. k hr-Im-em-Ir-Xn`nx ]tcmt\ym
bkvamXv {]]x ]cn-htXbw
[mhlw ]m]-\pZw `tKiw
mXzm---a-arXw hniz-[m-aw.
bmsXm-cp-s ANny in-bpsS {]`m-h-m
Cu {]]cq-]-am-Ip kwkmcw \nc- cw Id-n-sm-ncn-p-pthm B ]c-am-mhv Cu kwkm-c-am-Ip hrw,
Imew, BIrXn Ch-bs
v mw AXo-X\pw `n\pw BIpp. AXm-bXv Atlw {]]-- tmSp kYm kw_-c-ln-X\pw Ime-t-tmepw {Kkn-p--h\pw AXp-t]mse
BIm-c -c-ln-X\pw BIp-p. Fn- cp-mepw Atlw
[s hfp--h\pw ]m]s \in-n-p--h\pw
Fm sFiz-cy--fp-tSbpw A[n-]X
- nbpw ka-kX
v -P-K-ntbpw B[m-c- hp-am-Ip-p. Cu kq-amb hnizw Atl-s- s B{i- bn-n-cn- p-p. At-l-nsd kbm Xs Dd-p-\n-evp-p. B-cym-an-bmbn Atlw
\psS lrZbfnepw Dv. C{]-Imcw At-ls Adn nv m\- t bm- K n- I A ar- X - k z- c q- ] - \ mb B
]ctaizcs\ {]m]n-p-p.

mt{ijvT-\mbn amcpw C. Atlw Xs Cu PKns k-t{i-jT

v - amb Imc-W-\m- Ip-p. Atlw kcq-] -tm-S p-I q-S n-b -h -\m-bn-cp- npw Fm- n\npw
kYm thdn-p-\np-p.

8. \ Xky Imcyw IcWw N hnZytX

\ Xam`y[nI Zriy-tX.
]cmky inhn-hn-ss[h {ipbtX
kzm`m-hn-Io-m-\-_-e-{Inbm N.
Pohn-I-sf-tmse B ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hn\v Imcy-Imc-W- ico-chpw C{nbfpw C AXm-bXv Atl-n tZl-ntdbpw C{n-b
- -fp-tSbpw t`Z-
C. Atlw C{n-b- IqSm-sX-Xs Fm C{n-b-fnepw {]h\w \S-p-p. At-l-t-m hen-b-h\mbpw kam-\-\mbpw amcpw ImW-s-Sp-n-. hmkvX-hn At-l-n\npw `n- ambn bmsXmpw Xsbn-. B ]c-ta-iz-cs m\w, _ew, {Inbm-cq-]-kz-cq-]`q-X-amb Znhyin Ch \m\m-{]-Im-c--fn tI-s-Spp.

9. \ Xky InXv ]Xn-ckvXn temtI

\ tNinXm ss\h N Xky enMvKw
kIm-cWw Ic-Wm-[n]m[nt]m
\ Nmky In--\nXm \ Nm[n-]x.

PK-n ]c-am-m-hns kzman-bm-bnv Bcpw C.

Fmw At-l-ns Zmk-mcpw tkh-I- mcpw BIp- p.
At-l-ns A[n-Im-cn-bmbpw At-l-ns ta
`cWw \S-p--h-\mbpw Bcp-an-. Fmw At-lns Bbpw t{]c-Wbpw A\p-k-cn-p-sImv Atl- ns \nb-{-W- n Ign-b p-p. At-l- n\v
kw_w BZys Aym- b-X-n bmsXm- cp--cpsS bmsXmcp Nn-hn-ti-j-fpw C; Fp-sIm-s-m
h\w hn- cp-pthm Ah [ym\w hgn-bmbn ]c-am-m- Atlw k{X ]cn-]q-\m-Ip-p. \ncm-Im-c\pw AXphns\ {]Xy-- am-nb alm-m- Fp ]d-b-s-Sp-p. t]mse ]c-a-Im-c-W-\pw, Imc-W--fpsS Imc-W-hpw, Fm
Ax-I-c-W--fp-tSbpw C{n-b--fp-tSbpw A[n-jT
v m-\-tZ7. Xao-iz-cmWmw ]caw atl-izcw
h-X-bp-sSbpw A[n-]-Xnbpw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cnbpw BIp-p.
Cu ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c\v bmsXmcp P\-I-\p-an-. Ctlw
Xw tZh-Xm\mw ]caw N ssZh-Xw.
AP-mhpw k\mX\pw BIp-p.
]Xnw ]Xn\mw ]caw ]c-kvXmZv

hnZma tZhw `pht\iao-Uyw.

B ]c-{_ ]pcptjm-a Fm Cuizc- m-cp-sSbpw
temI-]m-e-I-m-cp-sSbpw alm-\mb `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-Ip-p.
AXm- bXv Ah- scmw At-l-n- - [o- \- cm-bnv {]]-s
`cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p- p. Atlw Fm tZh- X-I-fp- tSbpw ]cam-cm-[y-\mIpp. Fm ]Xn-If
- p-tSbpw c- I
- m-cp-sSbpw
]c-a-]X
- nbpw AXp-t]mse Fm {_m-WvU--fp-tSbpw
kzmanbpw BIp-p. kvXpXn--s-Sp- hm tbmKy\pw {]Imi-kz-cq-]\pw ]c-a-tZ-h-\p-amb B ]c-am-m-hns\ \sfmw Fm-n-ep-ap-]-cn-bmbn Adn-bp-p. At-l-t-

10. bkvX
- p-\m` Ch Xp`nx {][m-\ssPx kz`mh
tXm tZh GIx kzmam-hr-tWm-Xv.
kt\m Z[m-Zv{_-m-]y-bw.
F{]-Imcw Nnen Xm {]I-S-am--s Xp-Pm-e- fm kzbw BOm-Zn-X-am-bn-cn- p- p-hthm AtX- {]- Imcw
GI-tZ-h\
- mb ]c-a-]p-cp-j-]-c-ta-iz-c Xs kzcq-]-`q-X-amb, apJyhpw Znhyhpw Bb, ANn-y-i-n-bm Dev]-amb A\---fmb Imcy--fnqSn kzm`m-hn-I-am-bns kzbw BOm-Zn-X -am-n-sh-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
Xm- c- W- m temI-Po- hn-Iv At- l- s Zin- p-

164

I hm km[n-p-n-. k-i-n-am\pw km-[m-c-amb B

]c-am-mhv \t-sbmw AJn- e
- n-tbpw ]c-am-{i-b-`qX-amb Xs ]c-{_--kz-cq-]
- n {]Xn-jvTn--s.

11. GtIm tZhx k-`q-tXjp KqVx

k-h ym]o kh-`q-Xm--c m- m.
Im-[ yx kh-`q-Xm-[ n-hmkx
kmo tNXm tIhtem \nKp-W-.
GI-\mb B ]c-a-tZh ]c-ta-iz-c Pohn-I-fpsS lrZb-cq-]-am-Ip Kpl-I-fn Hfn- p-hk
- n-p-p. Atlw
k-hym-]nbpw Fm PohnIfptSbpw A-cym-an-bmb ]cam-mhpw BIp-p. Atlw Xs Fm I--fptSbpw A[n-jT
v m-Xmhpw Ahbvv Im-\p-kr-X--fmb
^e-sf \Ip--h\pw kakvX Pohn-I-fpsS \nhm-km-\hpw B{i-bhpw BIp-p. AXp-t]mse Atlw
Xs Fm-n- sbpw kmnbpw ip`m-ip-`-I-sf
Ip-sIm-n-cn-p--h\pw ]c-a-tN-X-\m-kz-cq-]\pw AJne-n\pw ssNX-\ys {]Zm\w sNp--h\pw kYm
hnip-\pw AXm-bXv \nw-K\pw {]mIr-Xn-I-K-W-U-Xo-X-\p-am-Ip-p.

12. GtIm hio \njv{In-bmWmw _lp \m

taIw _oPw _lp[m b Itcm-Xn.
Xam-w tb\p]-iyn [ocm
kvtXjmw kJw imizXw t\X-tc-jmw.
bmsXmv hnip--tN-X-\m-kz-cq-]-amb ]a-tc-iz-cs
Awiw Bb-Xp-Im-cWw hmkvX-h-n \njv{In-b-am-cn-bnp-pthm A- s\-bp A\- - - fmb Pohm-m- - fpsS
bmsXm-cp- \nb-mhpw I-^-e-sf \Ip--h-\pam-bn-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cp- GI-{]-Ir-Xn-cq-]-a mb
_oPs At\Iw {]Im-c--fn krjvSn-nv Cu hnNn{X-P-K-ns cq]-n Bn- opthm lrZ-b
nX-\mb B ]c-a-i-n-am-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c\ bmsXmcp [oc-]pcp-j \nc-cw Zin-p-sIm-n-cn-p-pthm \nc-cw
At- l- n X- b- ambn hkn- p-pthm Ahv Fpw
\ne-\np ]c-am-\w {]m]vX-am- Ip-p. ap--hv
AXm-bXv bmsXm-cp- C{]-Imcw At-ls \nc-cw
Nnn-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm Ahv B ]c-am-\w e`y-amIp-n. Ah AXn\npw hn-X-cmbn hkn-p-p.

13. \ntXym \nXym\mw tNX-\-t-X-\m-\m

tatIm _lp\mw tbm hnZ-[mXn Imam
XXv ImcWw kmwJy-tbm-Km[n Kayw
mXzm tZhw apNytX kh-]m-ssix.

Cu hnNn-{X-amb PK-ns\ krjvSn-nv Fm Poh-k-apZmbpw thn Ah- bpsS Im- \p-kr- X- - fmb ^et`m- K- hy- h-- I \S- n- sm- n- cn- p- pthm At- ls
{]m]n- p- - Xn\v cp km[- \-I Dv Hv m\- tbmKw;
cv I-tbm-Kw. `n cnepw A\p-kyq-X-am-Ip-p.
Cm-c-W-m Ahsb {]tXyIw {]tXyIw hn-phm km[y-a-. B m\-tbm-Khpw I-tbm-Khpw hgnbmbn {]m]n--s-Sp-hm tbmKy-\mb AJn-e-Im-c-W-kz-cq]-\mb ]c-a-tZh ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Adn-nv a\p-jy Fm
_- \ --f n\npw kYm ap-c m-bn- o-c p- p.
bmsXm-cp- At-ls Adn-bp-pthm {]m]n-ppthm Ah Hcn-epw bmsXmcp Imc-W-h-imepw P\-\a-c-W_
- --\--fn ]Xn-p-n-. AXn-\m a\p-jyv
k-i-n-am\pw km-[m-c-hp-amb B ]c-am-m-hns\
{]m]n-p--Xn\v X-fpsS tbmKy-Xbpw cpNnbpw A\p-kcnv m\-tbm-Ktam I-tbm-Ktam GsX-nepw Hcp
km[-\-bn Xmev]-cy-]qw hym]r-X- cm-bn-cn--Ww.

14. \ X{X kqtcym `mXn \ N{-Xm-cIw

t\am-hn-ZyptXm `mn ItXmba-nx.
Xtah `m-a-\p-`mXn khw
Xky-`mkm kh-anZw hn`m-Xn.
]c-am-\ kzcq-]-\-\mb B ]c-ta-iz-cs kao-]w Cu
kqcy\v Xs {]Imiw ]c-p-hm Ign-bp-n-. kqtcymZ-b-n anm-an-\p-ns {]Imiw e]vX- am-bn-tm-Ip-Xp- t]mse kqcys tXPpw AhnsS ep]vX-am-bn- cn-p- p.
N{, \-{X-, CSn-an- Chbvpw AhnsS ChbpsS {]Imiw {]k-cn-n-p-hm Ign-bp-n-. ]ns Cu
temI-nse An-bpsS Imcyw Fn\p ]d-bpp? FpsIm-s-m Cu temI- {]Im-in-p Fm-X-Xzfpw ]ca {]Im-i-kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns
{]Im-i-i- n-bpsS GtXm Aev]mw-is {]m]n- np {]Imin-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. ]ns Ahbvv X-fpsS {]Im-iIs kao]w Fs\ {]Im-in-p-hm Ignbpw? AXn\m Cu kq-amb PKv PK-Zm-m-hmb B ]pcptjm--as {]Im-i- n\npw {]Im-in- p-sIm- n-cnpp Fp-Xs a\-n-em--Ww.

15. GtIm lwtkm `ph-\-kymky at[y

k Ghmnx kente kw\n-hnjvSx
Xtah hnZn-XzmXn arXyp-taXn
\m\yx ]m hnZytXb\m-b.

Cu temI-n {]Im-i-kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-{_--]-c-ta-izc k{X ]cn-]q-\m-bn-cn-p-p. Atlw Pe-n

nXn-sN-p-p. An-bm-bn-cn-p-p. ioXf kz`m-h-tm\nXy-tN-X-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw k-i-n-am\pw kmSp- Iq-Snb Pe-n DjvW-kz-`m-h-tm-Sp-Iq- Snb An-bpsS
[m-c-hp-amb ]c-am-mhv X\n-tb-Xs hf-sc-b-[nIw \nXy`mhw km[m-cW ZrjvSnp a\-n-em-p-hm Ign-bp-ntN-X-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb Pohm-m--fpsS I ^em-\p-`-h-. Fp-sIm-s-m cn-sbpw kz`m-h
- ]cfpsS hn[m\w \S- n-sm-n-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cp-

165

I kv]cw hn`n---fm-Wv. Fn-cp-mepw AXns clkys {Kln-n-p sshm-\n-I-mv CXv {]Xy-ambn ImW-s-Sp-p. C{]-Imcw ]c-am-mhv Cu PU PKn\npw kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw Akm-[ m-c-W-am-Ip- p.
Fp-sIm-s-m Atlw ssNX-\y-hm\pw m\-kzcq-]\pw k-\pw BIp-p. AXp-t]mse Cu PKv
PU-hp-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw PK-n\p hncp--ambn ImWs-Sp-Xp ImcWw km[m-cW ZrjvSnv Atlw CXn
{]Imcw hym]vX- \m-bn-cn-pp Fp Imcyw a\-n-emIp-n-. Fm bmsXm- cp- B ]c-{_--ns ANnyhpw Ap-X-Ic
- -hp-amb in- bpsS cl-kys Adnbp- pthm Ah\v CXv {]Xy- - ambn k{X ]cn-]qhpw
Fm-n-tbpw GI-am-{X-hp-amb Imc-Whpw F {]XoXn-bp-f-hm-p-p. k-i-n-am\pw km-[m-c-hp-amb B
]c-am-m-hns\ Adn-p-Xs a\p-jy Cu arXyp-cq-]-amIp kwkm-c-k-ap-{Z-ns A-c-IS- -I-p-p Fst-b v p-ambn P\-\ -a-c -W --f n\npw ]q-a mbn
tamN\w t\Sp-p. At-l-ns Znhy-[m-a-{]m-]vXn-pthn ap bmsXmcp am--fp-an-. AXn-\m \apv B
]c-am-m-hns Pnm-kp-f
- m-bnv At-ls Adn-bp-Xn-\p {]h-\--fn hym]r-X-cm-I-Ww.

fp-sS) kzman-bm-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse Imcy-Im-cW cq]-fn nX-am-bn-cn-p kXz-c- P-kvXtam KpW--fpsS \nb{-Whpw bYm-tbmKyw \S-p-p. Atlw Xs Cu
P-ar-Xyp-cq-]-am-Ip kwkm-c-N{- I-n Pohn-Isf AhbpsS Im-\p-kr-X-ambn _n-n-Spp; Ahsb kwcn- p-Ibpw Cu _-\-n\npw Ahsb ap-cmp- Ibpw sNp-p. At-l-ns Ir]-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn- s
Pohn-I apn-p km[-\-I-fn apgp-In-bnv km[-\bpsS ]cn-]m-I-am-Ip--tXm-Sp-IqSn ap-cm-Ip-p.

17. k Xtbm lyarX Cui-kwtm

x ktKm `ph-\-kymky tKm]vXm.
b Cuti Aky PKtXm \nXy-tah
\mt\ym tlXphn-ZyX Cui-\m-b.

]c-{_ ]c-ta-i z-c Cu PK- ns cq]-n

nX\pw Aar-X-kz-cq-]\pw GI-c-k-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\p-amIp-p. Cu PK-ns D-n-hn-\m-k-Ik
- z-cq-]--fmIp ]cn-h -\ - -tfm-S p-I qSn At-l - ns ]cnh\w kw`- hn-p-n-. Atlw Fm Cuiz- c-m-cnepw
Fm temItfbpw ]cn-]m-en-p--Xn\v \nbp--cm-nbn-p temI-]m-e-I-m-cn-epw, A-cym-an-cq-]-n nXnkw_w bmsXm-cp-s\ Adn-bp--Xp-sImv P\-\-a- sN-p-p. k-\pw k{X ]cn-]q-\p-amb B ]cc-W--fn\npw H-gn-hm-Ipp F Imcyw ]d-n-cn-p- ta-iz-c Xs Cu alm {_m-WvUs kwc-n-pp, B ]c-ta-iz-c F-s\-bp--Xm-Ipp? Cm-cy- p. Atlw Xs Cu ]q-P-K-ns\ Ftmgpw bYmn At-l-ns kzcq]w hn--s-Sp-p.
tbmKyw \nb-{n-p-sImp \bnpp. ap bmsXm-nt\bpw Cu PK-n-s-ta `cWw \S-p--Xn\v D]-bp16. k hniz-IrZv hniz-hn-Zm--tbm-\n
-tl-Xp-hmbn {]Xo-X-a m-Ip-n-. Fp-sIm-s- m
x Ime Imtem KpWo k-hnZv bx.
ampw-Xs Fm-ns taepw `cWw \S-p-hm
{][m\ t{X--]-XnKp-tWix
Ignbp-n- .

kwkm-c-tam-- nXn _-tl-Xpx.

bmsXm-c p- s {]I-cWw XpSp-s Im- n-c n-ppthm m\ kzcq-]-\mb B ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a
AJn-e-P-K-n-sbpw cN-bn-Xmhpw k-\pw Xss {]I-S-am-p--Xn kzbw tlXp-hp-am-Ip-p. Atls {]Xy--am-p ap bmsXmcp Imc-W-hp-an-.
Atlw Ime-sbpw alm-Im-e-\ m-Ip-p. Ime-n-\pt]mepw At-l- nhsc Fp-hm Ign-b p- n- .
Atlw Imem-Xo-X-\m-Wv. k-i-n-am-\mb B ]c-ta-izc kulmw, t{]aw, Zb apX-emb Fm awK-f-a-b-fmb Znhy-Kp- W--fm k--\m-Ip- p. temI- n F{Xam{Xw ip`-Kp-W- Ip-hc
- p-pthm Ah-sbmw B
Znhy-Kp-W--fpsS GsXnepw Aev]mw-i- ns Hcp
Xnfw am{X- am-Ip-p. Atlw Fm Pohn-I-tfbpw AhbpsS I-- tfbpw A\-- amb {_m-WvU-n-\p-n
aqp-Im-e
- -fnepw kw`-hn-p-s Im-n-cn- p Ghpw
sNdn-bXpw Ghpw hen-bX
- p-amb kw`-h-sf \-Xpt]mse Adn-p-sIm- n-cn-p-p. Atlw {]Ir-Xn-bptSbpw Poh-k-ap-Zm-b-n-tbpw (Xs ]cm-]-c-{]-Ir-Xn-I-

kw_w D]-cyp--amb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Adn-bp--Xn\pw

{]m]n-p--Xn\pw km[-Is cq]-n At-l-ss icWw {]m]n-t {]Im-cs ]d-bp-p.

18. tbm {_mWw hnZ[mXn ]qw

tbm ssh th Zmw {]ln-tWmXn Xkvssa
Xw l tZh-am--_p-n-{]-Imiw
aap-pssh ic-W-alw {]]-tZy.
B ]c-ta-iz-cs\ {]m]n-p--Xn-\p km-`u-ahpw
kpK-a-hp-amb D]mbw k-`m-h--tfm-Spw-IqSn \n`-c-ambn
At-l-ns Xs ic-W-n Fn- t-cpIp Fp - X m- W v . A Xn- \ m km[ - I \v a\- p- h - g n- b mbn
Xmsgdbp `mhs Nnn- p-sImv ]c-am-m-hns icW-n sNp-tN-c-Ww. bmsXmcp ]c-ta-iz-cXs
Ghpw BZy-ambn Xs \m`n-I-a-e-n\npw {_mhns\ D-hn-n-pthm D-hn-n-- Xn-\p-tijw At- l-n\v
Fm thZ--fp-tSbpw m\w {]mZ\w sNbvXp-thm, AXpt]mse bmsXm-cp- Xs kzcq-]- ns m\w {Klnn-p--Xn-\p-thn Xs `-m-cpsS lrZ-bfn

166

I XZ\pcq-]-amb hnip _pn {]I-S-am-p-pthm B k-

tizXm-iz-X-c-a-ljn kzX-]
- ns {]`m-h-m kai-n-am\pw {]kn--tZ-h-\p-amb ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a- kvX-hn-j-bkpJ--tfbpw ]cn-Xy- Pnv kwb-a-tm-Sp-Iq- Snb
\n Rm tamm-`n-em,-m bp-\mbn icWw {]m]n- PohnXw \bnv \nc-cw ]c-am Nn-bn ebnv B
p-p. Atlw Xs Cu kwkm-c-N-{I-n\npw ]c-a-tZ-h-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs Assl-Xp-In-bmb Zb-bm
Fs tamNn-n--s.
At-ls Adn-n-cp-p. ]noSv Ejn-am-cm tkhn-X\mbn Ah-cpsS ]c-a-e-y-amb Cu ]c-a-]-hn-{X-amb {_19. \njvIew \njv{Inbw imw \nc-hZyw
X-Xzm-{i-a-ns Al-m-c-n\pw kYm AXo-X-\mbn
\nc-Rv P \w
tZlm-`n-am-\-iq-\y-cmb A[n-Im-cn-Isf \-Xp-t]mse D]-tZAar-Xky ]cw tkXpw PKvt[--\-an-hm-\-ew. in-p-sIm-n-cp-p. CXn\npw tZlm-`n-am\iq\y-\mb
\nKp-Whpw \ncm-Im-c-hp-amb ]c-am-m-hns\ D]m-k\ km[-IXs {_-X- Xz-ns D]-tZiw {ihn-p--Xn\S-p km[-I\v C{]-Im-c-ap `mh-\- -fp-m-bn-cn--Ww. \p bYmm-h-Im-in-sbv Cu a{- n sXfn-bn-AXm-b Xv ]Xn\mdp Ie-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bh
- \pw kwkm-c- s- n-cn-p- p.
ns _--fm cln-X\pw XnIpw {Inbm-iq-\y\pw
22. thZmt ]caw Kplyw ]pc-Ievt]
]c-a-im-\pw kIe tZmjfm cln-X-\p-am-bn-cn--Ww.
{]tNm-Zn-X w.
bmsXmv Aar-X-kz-cq-]-amb tam-ns tkXp-hm-bn\m{]-im-mb ZmXhyw \m]p-{Xmcn-p-pthm AXm-bXv bmsXm-ns\ B{i-bn-n-p-a-\pbm-in-jymb hm]p\x
jyv AXyw kpK-a-Xm-]qw Cu kwkmc kap-{Zns Ac IS-p--Xn\p km[n-p-pthm bmsXmcp
Cu ]ca cl-ky-amb m\s ]q-Ie
- ]
v -nepw
XSn-b sS ]mn-h -a mb Awiw Ingn-Xns
thZ-ns Ana `mK--fmb D]-\n-j-pfnepw \tijw Pzen- p-sIm-n-c n- pp I\-e p-I p-X peyw
Xp- t]mse hn-n- p-m-bn-cp-p. Cu m\-nsd ]ckYm \nhn-Im-c\pw \n-e\pw {]Im-i-kz-cq-]\pw
c Iev]-Ie
- v]m--c-ambn XpSp-hc
- p-p. CXp ]pXnb
m\-kz-cq-]\pw ]c-a-ssN- X-\y-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h- \p-amb B
Imcy-sam-p-a Fp kmcw. CXns D]-tZiw Bp
\nKp-W- \n-cm-Imc ]c-am-m-hns\ XmXzn-I-ambn Adn-bp-ISp- -s-p, Bp sImSp- -s-n-, C- s\-bp kwiXn\v At-l-s- s ey- amn Nnn-p-sIm-n- cn-pb-n\p adp-]Sn ]d-bp-p. ""bmsXm-cp-s Ax-I-cWw
p.
hnj-bkpJ- fm iq\y-ambn kYm im- am-Im-Xn-cnkw_w Cu kwkm-c_
- ---fn \npw tamN\w p-pthm A-s\-bp a\p-jy\v Cu clkyw D]-tZt\Sp-- Xn\v t\ct ]d-n- p kwK- Xn-I- f-\p-k-cnv ]c- in-p-sIm-Sp-phm ]mSn; AXp-t]mse bmsXm-cp-
am-m-hns\ Adn-bp-I-b-msX ap bmsXmcp]mb--fp-an-. Xs ]p{Xt\m AYhm injyt\m Am-Xn-cn-p-p-thm,
AXns\ Hp-IqSn Zr-V-s-Sp--p.
Ah\pw AXns\ Zm\w sNp-hm ]mSn-.'' kmcw Fsm HpIn im- Nn--\m-bn-p Ah-Im-inp
20. bZm N-h-Zm-Imiw thjvS-bn-jyn
\IWw As-n kzw ]p{Xt\m injyt\m \Iam\hmx
Ww. FpsImsm ]p{X-m-scbpw injy-m-scbpw
XZm tZh-a-hn-mb ZpxJkytm `hn-jy-Xn.
Ah-Im-in-I- fm-n-ot-Xp ]nXm--m-cp- sSbpw KpcpF{X-tmfw XpI-en\p Xpeyw Npcp-p-hm a\p-jysc - m-cp-sSbpw tPmen-bm-Ip- p. AXn- \m Ah t\c- tkw_-n- n-S-tmfw BIm-is Akw-`-hy- am-Ip-pthm Xs Ah-Im-in-bm-bn-cn--W-sa \nb-a-sampw C.
Fm a\p-jycpw Hn- p-Iq-Sn-bmepw Cmcyw km[y-am-Ip23. bky tZth ]cm `nbYm tZth
n- tbm AtX-{]-Imcw Xs ]c-am-m-hns\ Adn-bmsX
XYm Kpcu
Bpw Cu ZpxJ-k-ap-{Z-ns A-sc-sb-p-hm
XsskytX IYnXm lyYmx
km[y-a-. AXn-\m a\p-jyp ZpxJ--fn \npw
\nXy-ambn tamN\w t\Sp--Xn\pw ]c-am-\-s {]m]n-p{]Im-it alm
-Xn\pw thn asm `mK--fn\npw a\-ns\ amn\x. {]Im-it alm--\x.
bnv GI-am-{X-\mb At-ls Adn-bp--Xn-\p km[bmsXmcp km[-I\v ]ca tZh-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c-\n ]c-a\Ifn Xo{h-amb Bi-tbm-Sp-IqSn hym]r-X-cm-bn-cn--Ww.
amb `n-bp-m-Ip-pthm IqSmsX F{]-Imcw ]c-ta-iz-c21. X]x-{]-`m-hmZv tZh-{]-km-Zm {_
\n k-\m-bn-cn-p-pthm A{]-Imcw Xs Xs Kpcpl tizXm-iz-XtcmY hnZzm
hnepw BIp-p. B alm-m-hmb ]pcp-js lrZ-bAXym-{i-an`yx ]caw ]hn{Xw
nXs Cu hn- -s -n-p cl-k y-a -b -amb
Aw {]Im-in-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. AXn-\m Pnmt{]mhmN kay-Kr-j n-kw-L -Pq-jvSw.

167

I kp- ]q-{i-m-ep-fpw `mcpw Bbn-cn--Ww.

bmsXm-cp-\p ]q-amb {ibpw `nbpw Dm-bn-cnp-pthm B alm-m-hns lrZ-b-n Cu KqVm-ib- {]Im-in-p-p. {Kns ]cn-ka
- m-]vXnsb
kqNn-n-p--Xn-\p-thn Cu a{-nse An-a -hmIys ]p\-cm-hn- n-cn-p-p.

imn-] mTw

Hmw kl \mh-h-Xp. kl \u `p\-p.

kl hocyw
Ic-hm-h-ssl. tXPkzn \mh-[o-X -a-kvXp.
am hnZznjm hssl.
Hmw imnx ! imnx !! imnx !!!
CXns Aw Bcw-`-n sImSp-n-p-v.

3
sFXtctbm]
\
nj
v
1
imn- ] mTw
Hmw hmMvta a\kn {]Xn-jvTn-Xm. at\m ta hmNn
{] X n- j vTn- X - a m- h n- c - h o a. G [ n. thZk y a
BWox {ipXw ta am {]lm-kox. At\-\m-[otX- \ m- tlm- c m- {Xm kwZ [man- E Xw hZn-j ym- an.
kXyw hZn- j yman Xm- a - h - X p. XZz- m- c - a - h Xp
AhXp ama-hXp hm-c-a-hXp hm-cw.
Hmw imnx ! imnx !! imnx !!!
EtKz-Zob sFX-tc-bm-c-Wy-I-n cmw Bc-Wy-Ins \mepw Apw Bdpw Aym-b-sf sFX-tc-tbm]-\n-jv F t]cn Adn-bp-p. Cu aq-ym-b--fnembn {_-hn-Zy-bpsS {]m[m-\ys hnh-cn-p-p. CXpsImv CXns\ D]-\n-j-mbn Icp-Xp-p.
Cu imn-]m-T- n Fm {]Im-c-n-ep-ap hnLv\sf ]cn-l-cn-p--Xn\v ]c-ta-iz-c-t\mSp {]mn-p-p.
"tl kn-Zm-\ kzcq-]-\mb ]c-am-m-th, Fs a\v
hmWn-bn nX-ambn \ntW hmWn a\-n nXam-bn-cn--tW. AXm-bXv Fs a\pw hmWnbpw Hmbn
{]hn--tW. Rm hmWn-bm Hcp ]mTw ]Tn-pIbpw a\v asm-ns\ Nnn-p-Ibpw sNm-Xn-cn--tW.
AYhm a\-n-sempw hmWn-bn asmpw Nnn-pIbpw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNm-Xn- cn--sW. Fs k-e]
v -fpw
hN-\-fpw hnip--am-bnv GI-`m-h-ap--Xm-bn-o-ctW!
tl {]Imi kzcq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cm, Av F\n-p-thn
{]Xy--s-m-epw. A-bpsS tbmK-am-b-bpsS ad Fs

lrZ-b
- n\npw amn-bm-epw. (C-{]-Imcw ]c-am-m-hnt\mSp {]mn-nv D]m-k-I Xs a\-n-t\mSpw hmWntbmSpw ]dbp-p) Atbm a\-t, hmWo, \n cpw
F\nv thZ-kw-_-- amb m\-{]m-]vXn-bp-m-p--hcm-bn-o-cq. \n-fpsS klm-b-m F\nv thZ-hn-jb-I-amb m\w {]m]n-p-hm Ign-bp-p. Kpcp-ap-J-p\npw tIn-p-Xpw Fs A\p-`-h
- n hn-p-X
- pamb m\w Fs XyPn-m-Xn-cn--tW. AXm-bXv Ah
Ftmgpw Fs kvac-W-bn \ne-\n-tW. Rm
Ahsb Hcn-epw ad-m-Xn-cn--tW. Fs Ay-b\w
hgn cmhpw ]Iepw Hm-n-op-hm Rm\m-{K-ln-pp. AXm-bXv cmhpw ]Iepw XpS-bmbn {_-hnZy ]Tnp--Xn\pw AtX-n Nnn-p--Xn\pw km[n--tW.
Fs ka-b-ns Hcw-iw-t]mepw hy-ambn \jvS-sSm-Xn-cn--tW. Rms\s hmp-IsImv kYm Dahpw bmsXm-cp-X-c-n-ep-ap tZmj--fn-m-Xpw kXyw
Xpfp-n-\np--Xp-amb Dm-cWw \S-mw. ImWp-Xpw
tIp-Xpw a\-n-em-p-Xpw Bb `mh-sf AtXco-Xn-bns {]I-Sn-n-mw. AXn bmsXmcp hyXymkhpw hcp-p-I-bn-. (C-{]-Imcw Xs hmWn-tbbpw a\n-t\bpw ZrV-h-m-n-bnv hopw ]c-am-m-hn-t\mSv
{]mn-p- p) B ]c-{_ ]c-am- mhv Fs cn-ttW. B ]c-ta-iz-c {_-hnZy ]Tn-n-p Fs BNmcys\ cn- -tW. Fs Ay-b\
- -n bmsXmcp
hnLv\
- fpw Dm-Im-Xn-cn-p--Xn\v Fsbpw Fs
BNm-cy-t\bpw B ]c-am-mhv cn--tW. B[n-`u-XnIhpw B[n-ssZ-hn-Ihpw Bym-n-Ih
- p-amb hnLv\--

168

I fpsS \nhr-n-mbn aqp-{]m-hiyw "imn' ]Zs D-

C{]-Imcw Cu Fm temI--tfbpw krjvSn-nv ]ccn-p-p. `K-hm imn-kz-cq-]-\m-Wv. AXn-\m At-l- ta-iz-c Nnn-p. Xm temI-kr-jSv n-sNbvXp Ign-n-cnns kvac-W-sImv imn \n-b-ambpw e`n-p-p.
p-p. C\n temI-sf kwc-n-p--Xn-\p temI-]me-I- -msc krjvS n-t--Xm-hi
- y-am-Wv. A\yYm kwcWw IqSmsX Fm temI- pw kpc- n- X-ambn \ne{]Y-am- ymbw
\np-hm km[y-a-. C{]-Imcw hnNm-cnv Atlw Pen\npw AXm-bXv Pew apX-emb kqva alm-`q-X{]Y-a-J Wv Uw
-fn\npw lnc-Wy-amb ]pcp-j s\ ]pd-s -Spv
1. Hmw Bm hm CZ-taI Ghm{K Bko-Xv. \m\y- AXns\ AwtKm-]mw-K-- fm bp-am-n-bnv {]Xnam cq]XvInw-N\ anj-Xv. k CuX temImp krPm n-em-n-op. ChnsS "]pcpj' ]Z-n\npw
CXn.
krjvSn-Im-e
- n Ghpw BZyw {]Xy--\mb {_mhns\
hn n-cn-p-p. Fp-sIm-s -m {_mCu a{-n ]c-am-m-hnt krjvSn cN\m hnjhn\n
pX
s
Fm temI-]m-eI
-
- m-cp-tSbpw {]P-Isf
b-I-amb BZy k-ev]s hn-p-p. ImWp-Ibpw
tIp-Ibpw {Kln-p-Ibpw sNp PU-tN-\m-a-b-amb hn-n-p {]Pm-]-Xn-I-fp-tSbpw Dhw Dm-bn-cn-pCu PKv Cu cq]-n-em-Ip--Xn\p ap]v Imc-Wm-h- - p.
bn GI-am-{X-\mb ]c- am-mhp am{Xta Dm-bn- cp-p- q. 4. Xa-` y-X -] - -k ym-` n-X -] vX ky apJw \nc-` n- ZyX
B kabw CXn `n-- fmb \ma-cq-]- - tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb A`n- bYmWvUw apJm-ZzmKv hmtNmn\m-kntI \nchy-n-Is
- fm-p-an- m-bn-cp-p. B kabw ]c-{_ ]c-am- `n-t ZyXmw \mkn-I m`ymw {]mWx {]mWm- Zzm-b p- c m-hns\ IqSmsX amcpw {]hn-p--h-cm-bn-m-bn-cp- nWo \nc- ` n- t ZyX an`ymw Nppj
p. krjvSn-bpsS Bcw-`
- n B ]c-a-]p-cp-j-\mb ]c- BZnXyx Iu \nc-`n-tZyXmw Im`yw t{im{Xw
am-mhp Nnnpw ""Pohn-I-fpsS I-^ew A\p-`-hn-p- t{im{Xm-n-i -kvXzMv \nc-` n-ZyX Xz tNm temam\n
- X n - \ p - t h n `n - - f mb t em I - s f Rm tema`y HmjZn h\-kv]-Xtbm lrZbw \nc-`n-ZyX
krjvSnpw'' Fv.
lrZ-bm-t\m a\-k{am \m`n\n-c`- n-ZyX \m`ym

2. k Camw-tm-I m-\ -k r-P-X . Awt`m aco-N oa-c amt]mtZmw`x ]tcW Znhw Zyux {]Xn-j vTm- cow aco-Nbx ]rYoho atcm bm A[-kvXmm
B]x.

A]mt\m]m\m-rXypx iniv\w \nc-`n-ZyX iniv\mt{ZtXm tcXk B]x.

C{]-Imcw lnc-Wy-K`-]p-cp-js\ krjvSn-nv AXns

AwtKm-]mw-K-sf k-ev]-cq-]-amb X]-p-sN-bvXtm
Cs\ hnNm-cn-nv ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c Aw`-,v aco- B X]- ns ^e- kz-cq- ]- ambn lnc-Wy- K` ]pcp-js icoNn, ac, Pew Cu temI-sf krjvSn-p. Cu hmp- c-n k-{]-Y-a-ambn AWvUw-t]mse s]mn apJhpw
Isf kv]jvS- am-p- - Xn\p apn {ipXn ]d- bpp kz- hmbpw Dm-b n. apJ- n\npw hmKn- { n- b hpw
n\pw apI-fn-embn ImW-s-Sp alx, P\x X]x, kXy AXn\npw AXns A[n-jvTm-\-tZ-h-X-bmb Anbpw
temI-fpw Ah-bpsS B[m-c-amb Zyptem-Ihpw Cu D-hn-p. ]ns \mkn-I-bpsS cp-Zzm-c- Dm-bn.
Ap temI--tfbpw ChnsS Aw`v F t]cn ]d- Ah- bnqSn {]mW-hmbp ]pd-s- p. B {]mW-\n\npw
bp-p. AXns Xmsg A-co--temIw nXn-sN-p-p. hmbp-`-K- hm Dm-bn. ChnsS {]mtW- {n-bs {]tXyIw
AXn kqcy\pw N{\pw Xmc-K-W-fpw Ch-sbmw hn-p-n; AXn-\m {]mtW-{n-bhpw AXns tZhInc-W--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb temI-am-Ip-p. CXp acoNn F X-bmb Aizn-\o-Ip-am-c\pw \mkn-I-bn \npw D-hn-p.
t]cn hn--s-Sp-p. AXn\pw Xmsg-bmbn ImW-s- C{]-Imcw a\-n-em-Ww CXp-t]m-se-Xs ck-t\-{nSp ]rYzo-tem-Is arXyp-temIw Fp ]d-bpp; AXp b-n-tbpw AXns tZh-X-bp-tSbpw D-n-bp-m-bn.
ChnsS "acw' F t]cn hnfn--s-Sp-p. AXn\pw Xmsg ]ns cp Ip-I {]I-S-ambn Ah-bn\np t\t{X- n\n-pw, AXnt tZh-X-bmb
AXm-bXv ]rYzn-bpsS ASn-bn-em-bn-p-Xp ]mXm-f-tem-I-- {n-bhpw t\t{X-{n-b
kqcy\pw
Dh
n
p.
AXn\p-tijw I--fpsS cp
fm-Ip-p. Ah "B]x' F t]cn-\m Adn-b- s-Sp-p. PKZzmc
f
p
mb
n.
Ahb
n\npw t{imt{X-{n-b hpw
n F{Xtbm temI- {Xntem-Iw, NXpZ-i-`p-h\
- w,
AXn\np
AXnsd
tZhX-If
- mb Znp-Ifpw P\n-p.
k]vX-temIw Fo t]cp-I-fn {]kn--am-bn-cn-p-pthm
A\-cw Xzv (Nw) Dm-bn. Xzn\npw tcma-B temI-sfsbmw ]c-am-mhp krjvSn-p.
fp-m-bn. tcma--fn\nv Hmj[nIfpw h\-k]
v -Xn-Ifpw
3. k CutX ta \p temIm temI-] m-e mp Dm-bn. ]ns lrZbw Dm-bn. AXn\npw a\pw
krPm CXn tkmZv`y Gh ]pcpjw kap-r-Xym- a\-n\npw AXns A[n-jTv m-\-tZ-h-X-bmb N{\pw
aqO-b-Xv.
D-hn-p. ]ns \m`n {]I-S-am-bn. \m`n-bn\npw A]m-

169

I \-hm-bphpw A]m-\h- m-bp-hn\np KptZ-{n-b-ns

3. Xm`y ]pcp-j -am-\-b m A{_p-h kpIrXw

A[n-jvTn-Xm-hmb arXyp-tZ-h-Xbpw D-hn-p. \m`n-bpsS D- _tX-Xn. ]pcptjm hmh kpIr-Xw. Xm A{_-hoh-tm-Sp-IqSns KpZ-n-{Zhpw KptZ-{n-bhpw Dmbn Zy-Ym-b-X\w {]hn-i-tX-Xn.
Fpw a\-n-em-p-I. ChnsS A]m-\-hmbp ae-hn-k\-tl-Xphpw AXns m\w \m`n-bp-am-bXp ImcWw
AXn\v apJy- amb m\w Iev]n-n- cn-p- p. Fm arXyp
A]m-\s A[n-jT
v m-Xm-hm-Ip-p. AXp-Im-cWw D]-e-W-tm-Sp-IqSn KptZ-{n-b-ns h-\hpw CXn
AK-X-am-bn-cn-pp Fp Icp-Xp-Xv DNn-X-am-Wv.
]ns enwKw {]Xy--a m-bn. AXn\npw hocyhpw
AXn\npw Pehpw Dm-bn. ChnsS enwK-ns Dev]n-bn \npw D]-t-{n-bhpw AXns tZh-X-bmb
{]Pm-]-Xnbpw Dev]--am-Ip-p.

C{]-Imcw IpXn-cbpw ]iphpw Ahp lnX-I-ca

- sp a\-n-em-b-tm ]c-ta-iz-c Ahp-thn a\pjy-i-co-cs krjvSn-p-Ibpw Ahsc ImWn-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. AXns\ I-tms Fm tZh-X-Ifpw
AXyw {]k--cm-bn. A\-cw Ah ]dp ""CXp
Rsf kw_-n-n-S-tmfw hfsc kp-c-amb \nhmk-m-\-am-Wv. CXn Rp hfsc kpJ-ambn \nhkn-p-h m Ign-bpw. R-fpsS Fm Bh-iy-fpw
\mbn \nd-th-p-hm\pw Ign-bpw.'' hmkvX-h-n a\p-jyi-cocw ]c-am-m-hns kp-c-amb krjvSn-X-s-bm-Wv.
AXn-\m CXp tZh-Zp-`-sap Icp-Xp-Ibpw imkv{X- fn ]e-bn-Spw CXns aln-asb ]mSn-p-Ig- vp-Ibpw
ZznXo- b -J WvU w
sNp-p. Fp-sIm-s- m CtX-co-Xn-bn Poh\v ]c1. Xm GXm tZhXmx krjv S m Akv a n al- am-m-hns B-b-\p-k-cnv bYm-tbmKyw km[-\-I
Xyth {]m]-Xw-k vXa
- -i-\mbm ]n]m-k m-`ym-a-\z- A\p-jTv nv A-t-ls {]m]n-p-hm Ign-bp-p. Fm
hmPXv Xm G\-a-{_p-h-m-b-X\w \x {]Pm-\oln tZh-X-Ipw B icocw CjvS-am-sWp I-tm ]cbkvan {]Xn-jvTnXm A-a-Zm-ta-Xn.
ta- iz-c Ah- tcmSp ]dp ""\n Ah-c-hp tbmKy]c-am-m-hn-\m krjvSn--s B C{n-b
- -fpsS ambn m\- t\mn Cu ico- c- n {]th-inp hknA[n-jSv m-\-tZ-h-X-am-cmb An apX-emb Fm-tZ-h-X-Ifpw p-sIm-p-hn.''
kwkm-cc
- q-]-am-Ip Cu alm-k-ap-{Z-n hp-tNp. 4. AnhmKv`qXzm apJw {]mhn-i-Zzmbpx {]mtWmAXm-bXv lnc-Wy-K`-]p-cp-js ico-c-n \npw P\n- `qXzm \mkntI {]mhn-i-Zm-Zn-Xy--p`q-Xzm-n-Wo-Xn-\p-tijw Ahv \nn-jvS-amb bmsXmcp m\hpw {]m- h n-i - nix t{im{Xw `qXzm Iu {]mhn-i e`n-n-cp-n-. Xm-c-Wm Ah B ka-jvSn-i-co-c- tmj [nh-\ -k v] -X tbm temam\n `qXzm XzNw
ns hkn-p. Atm ]c-am-mhv B tZh-Xm-k- {]mhniw {am at\m-`qXzm lrZbw {]mhn-i-raq- l-n\p hnipw Zmlhpw Dm-n. AXn-\m hnipw Xyp-c -]mt\m `qXzm \m`nw {]mhn-i-Zmt]m tctXm
Zmlhpw sImv ]oUn-X-cmbn An apX-emb Fm tZh- `qXzm iniv\w {]mhn-i.
X- Ifpw Xsf krjvSn ]c- am-m-hn-t\mSp ]dp ""`KkrjvSn-Im-hmb ]c-ta-iz-cs B-b\
- p-k-cnv
h, Rv Ahpw `-Whpw aXn-bm-thmfw e`np
An-tZ-hX hmKn-{nb cq]w [cnv a\p-jy-i-co-c-ns
kpJ-ambn Pohn- p--Xn\v DX-I - - -h n-[-ap Hcp
hmbn {]th-inv Pnlzsb Xs B{i-b
- m-\-am-n.
m\w Rmbn hyh sNbvXp-X- c-Ww.''
ChnsS hcp-W-tZ-h\pw ck-t\-{n-b-am-bnv hmbn {]th2 . X mt` ym Kmam- \ - b m A {_ p- h s s h inp ]ns hmbp-tZ-hX {]mW-\m-bnv \mkn-I-bpsS Zzmct\mbae anXn Xmt`ymizam-\-bm A{_p-h -fnqSn {]th-in-p. Aizn-\o-Ip-am-c\pw {]mtW-{n-bssh t\mba-e-an-Xn.
cq]w [cn-np \mkn-Ib
- n {]hn-jvS-am-bn. AXn-\p-tijw
kqcyt
Zh

t\t{X{
nba
- m-bnp Ip-I-fn {]th-in-p.
C{]-Im-c-ap Ah-cpsS {]m-\-tIv krjvSn-Imhmb ]c-ta-iz-c Ahsmw hkn-p--Xn-\mbn Hcp Huj-[n-I-fp-tSbpw h\-kv]-X n-I-fp-tSbpw Al-m-cn-bmb
]ip-hns ico-c-ap-m-n Ah-sc-m-Wn-p. AXp-I-nv tZhX tcma-cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSn Xzn {]th-in-p. AXpAh ]dp "`K-h, CXp Rp ]cym-]vX-am-Ip- t]mse N{ a\-ns cq]w [cnp lrZ-b- nepw arXypn- . CXn\np R-fpsS Imcy-- sfmpw kpK-a-ambn tZ-hX A]m-\-cq]w [cnp \m`n-bnepw {]hn-jSv -am-bn. Pe\S-p-hm km[y-a-. AXp-sImv CXn-s\-m t{ijvT- ns A[n-jvTm\ tZhX hocy-amb enwK-nepw {]thamb asmcp icocw krjvSn-p-X-m-epw.'' Atm ]c-am- in-p. C{]-Imcw Fm tZh-X- Ifpw C{n-b-cq]w [cn-v Ahmhv Ahmbn Hcp IpXn-c-bpsS icocw \nn-nv c-hp-]-bp--amb m\--fn D]-hn-jSv -cmbn nXnAhsc ImWn-p. AXp Iv Ah hopw ]dp sN-bvXp.
""`K-h, CXpw Rv Bh-iyn\pX-Ip-- X-. Av
aqm- a-Xmbn asmcp icocw Dmn Rp Xm- epw.''

5. Xa-i -\ mbm ]n]mtk A{_q-X m-am-h m-` yma`n-{]Pm\o loXn. tX A{_-ho-tZ-Xm-tkzh hmw tZh-Xm-

170

I kzm-`-Pmtay Xmkp `mKn\yu Itcm-ao-Xn. XkvamZyssky Issky N tZh-Xmssb lhnKr-lytX

`mKn-\ym-th-hm-kym-a-i-\ m-bm-]n-]mtk `h-Xx.
Atm hnipw Zmlhpw IqSn ]c-ta-iz-c-t\m-Sp-IqSn
]d-bp-hm XpSn "`K-h' Chsmw hkn-p--Xn\p m\w Ap \n-bn-p-sIm-Sp-n-cn-p-p-. C\n
Rm-bnpw GsX-nepw m\w Ip-]n-Snv AXn
Rsf m]n-mepw! Ah C{]-Imcw ]d-tm
krjvSn-Im-hmb ]c-ta-iz-c Ah-tcmSp ]dp
""\np cp-t]pw {]tXy-Ia
- mb m\--fpsS
Bh-iy-an-. \n cp-t]pw Cu tZh-X-I-fpsS
m\--fn Rm Ah-Imiw \Ipw. Cu tZh-X-I-fpsS
Blm-c-n \n cp-t]-tcbpw Rm ]p-Im-cm-nopw. krjvSn-bpsS Bcw-`-ns ]c-ta-iz-c
Cs\ Hcp \nbaw \n-bn-n-cp-p. AXn-\m Ftm-sgnepw GsXmcp tZh-X- b
v m-bnp sImSp-p-- Xn\v C{nbw
hgn-bmbn hnjbt`mKsf hln-p- sImp t]mIp- pthm
B tZh-X-bpsS `mK-n Cu hnipw Zmlhpw ]p-Imcmbn `mhn-pp; AXm-bXv B C{n-b
- ns A`n-am-\nbmb tZh-X-bpsS Xr]vXn-tbm-Sp-IqSn pXv]n-]m- k-Ipw
imn-e-`n-p-p.

XrXob JWvU w
1. k Cu-tXta \p temIm temI-]m-em-m-ta`yx krPm CXn.
Chsb Fmw krjvS n--Xn-\p-tijw ]c-ta-iz-c
hopw Nnnp "Cu temItfbpw temI-]m-e-I-mscbpw krjvSn- n-cn-pp ChnsS cN-\m-kw-_--amb
Fm-m-cy-fpw ]qn-bm-bn-cn-p-p. C\n Chp
Pohn-p--Xn-\p `Ww Dm-Ww t`mK-h-kvXp-fp- m--Ww. Fp-sIm-s- m Ch-tbm-Sp-IqSn hnipw
Zmlhpw tN-s -n-cn- p-p. AXn-\ m As
krjvSn-mw.

2. tkmt]m`yX-]-mt`ym`nX-]vXmt`ym aqnc-Pm-b-X. bm ssh km aqn-c-Pm-b-Xmw ssh

XXv .

temI--fp-tSbpw temI-]m-e-I-m-cp-tSbpw Blm-c-kw_-n-bmb Bh-iy-sf ]qo-I-cn- p--Xn\v D-am--s-n-cn-p Aw ""CXv Fs `nv Fs \miw
hcp-p--Xm-I-bm AXn\npw tamN\w t\SWw''
Fp IcpXn ]nXn-cn-tm-Sp-hm XpS-n. Atm B
a\p-jy-cq-]-n krjvSn--s Pohm-mhv As
hmp-I apJm-ncw ]nSn-p-hm-\m-{K-lnp; Fm
AXn\p hmWo- Zzmcm As ]nSn-p-hm Ign- n- . B
]pcpj\p hmWo-Zzmcm As ]nSnp \np- hm Ignn-cpp Fn a\p-jy Ctmgpw As hmWoZzmcm Dm-c-Ww-sImp AXm-bXv A-ns \mtam-mc-W-am-{X-bn, hbdp \nd-bp-am-bn-cp-p. Fm As\
kw`-hn-n- .

4 . X X v{] m- t W - \ mPnL r - - m- i - I vt\ mX v

{]mtW\ {KloXpw k bss-\ Xv {]mtW-\ m-{Kssl-jy-Z-`n-{]m-W y-ssl-hm a{X-]v ky-Xv.
Atm B ]pcp-j As {]mW aqew AXmbXv {]mtW-{n-b-Zzmcm ]nSn-p-hm B{K-lnp; Fm
AXn\p {LmtW-{nbw hgn AXns\ ]nSn-p-hm km[nn-. Cu As {LmtW-{n-bw-sImp ]nSn-p-hm
Ign-n-cpp Fn Ctmgpw Bfp-Iv `Ww aWp-sImp Xr]vXn-s-Sp-hm Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-p. Fm
A-s\bpw kw`-hn-n-.

5. X- p jmPn-L r- - - m-i -Ivt\m- - pjm

{KloXpw k bss-\
-
- p-jm-{K-ssl-jyZv ZrjvSzm
sslhm- -a-{ X-] vk y-Xv.
]ns B ]pcp-j As Ip-IsImp ]nSnp-hm Binp; Fm Ah\v AXn\p Ign-n-.
Ah\p Ip-IsImv As ]nSn-p-hm Ign-ncp- s- n Xo-bmbpw Cpw Bfp-I As Ip
Xr]vXn-s-Sp-am-bn-cp-p. Fm As\ kw`-hn-n-.

6. X-t dm-t {X- W m-P n- - L r- - m-i -I vt \mv tdm

t{XW-{K-loXpw k bss-\ -v-tdm-t{X-Wm-{K-ssljy- vdpXzm sslhm--a-{X-]vky-Xv.
]ns B ]pcp- j As I-Zzmcm ]nSn- p- hm
B{K- l n- p. Fm B {iahpw ^en- n- . IsImv AXns\ ]nSn-n-cpp Fn Cpw a\pjyv A- ns \ma-{i-hW
- -am-{X-bns Xr]vXns-Sm-am-bn-cp-p. Fm A-s\bpw Ign-n-.

apI-fn ]d--hn[w Nnn-np ]c-ta-iz-c Pes

AXm-bXv Ap kqva alm-`q-X-sf X]n-np Xs
k-ev]-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb {Inbsb AXn \S-n. ]c-am-mhns k-e]
v -tm-Sp-IqSn km-en-X-amb B kqva-a7. Xzm- ] m- P n- L r- - - m- i - I v t \m- \ - zNm
lm-`q-X- - fn\npw aqn {]Xy- - ambn; AXm-bXv Ah{KloXpw k bss-\-z-Nm-{K-ssl-jy-v]rjvSzm
bpsS qe-cq]w D--am-bn. B Aw Xs tZh-Xsslhm- -a-{ X-] vk y-Xv.
Ip t`mKy-am-bn-cn-p-p.
Atm B ]pcp- j As Xzp-sImv ]nSn-p3. XtZ-\Xv krjvSw ]cm-M-Xy-Pn-Lmw-k--Zzm-NmPn
hm-\m-in-p. Fm Ah\v AXns\ Xzp-aq-ehpw ]nSnLrIv \m-i-tm-ZzmNm {Klo-Xpw. bss-\p-hm Ign-n-. As\ kw`-hn-n-cp-p-sh-n
Zzm- N m- { K- s sl- j y- Z - ` n- h ym- l rXy sslhm- - a - { X
Xo-bmbpw a\p-jy As kv]in-p-Xs Xr]vX-

-]vky-Xv .

171

I cm-Ip-am-bn-cp-p. Fm A-s\bpw kw`-hn-n-.

8. X- \ - k mPo L r- - m- i - I v t \m- - \ km
{KloXpw k bss-\- -\-k m-{K-s sl-j y- ymXzm
sslhm- -a-{ X-] vk y-Xv.
]ns B ]pcp-j As a\-p-sImp hio-Icn-p--Xn-m-{K-ln-p. Fm Ah\v AXns\ a\-psImp hi-m-p-hm Ign-n-. Ah\v AXns\ a\p-sImp ]nSn-p-hm km[n-n-cp-p-sh-n Xo-bmbpw Cpw a\p-jy As Nnn-p-sImp Xr]vXns-Sp-am-bn-cp-p. ]s A-s\bpw ImWp-hm Ignn-.

9. Xn-ivt\-\m-Pn-Lr- -- m-iIvt\m nivt\-\{K-loXpw k bss\ n ivt\\m-{K-s sl-j y-ZznkrPy sslhm--a-{X-]vky-Xv.

]noSv B ]pcp-j As D]w (enw-Kw)
sImp ]nSn-p-hm B{K-lnp; Fm Ah\v D]-Zzmcm As ]nSn-p-hm Ign-n-. Ah\v D]-Zzmcm ]nSn-p-hm Ign-n-cpp Fn Xo-bmbpw
Cpw As Dt]-np Xr]vXn-s-Sp-hm Ign-bp-ambn-cp-p. Fm As\ kw`-hn-n-.

v, Ahs- m- a p Blm-c hpw krjvS nv XYm

a\pjyico-c-[m-cn-bmb ]pcp-j Blm-cs {Kln-p-Xn\pw ]Tn-p-I-gn--tm B k-{k-jvSm-hmb ]c-taiz-c hopw Nnnp ""Cu a\p-jy-cq-]-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb
]pcpj Fs-q-SmsX Fs\ Pohnpw? Cu Pohmm-hn-t\m-Sp-IqSn Fs kl-tbmKw Dm-Ip-n-s-n
AXp X\nsb F{]-Imcw Dd-p-\npw? AXp-t]mse
Fs kl-tbmKw IqSmsX Cu ]pcp-j hmWo-Zzmcm
kwkm-cn-p-hm ]Tn-p, {LmtW-{nbw hgn aW-p-Xn\p ]Tn-p. {]mWhgn hmbp-hns\ Dn-tebvpw ]pdtbvpw hen-p-Ibpw hnSp-Ibpw sNp {Inbbpw
]Tn-n-cn-p-p. Ip-IsImp ImWp-p, {ih-tW-{nb-sImp tIp-p, XzKn-{nbw hgn-bmbn kv]i\kpJw Adn-bp- p, a\-p- sImp a\\w sNp- p, A]m\-Zzmcm Aw hngp-p-p, P\-t\-{n-b-Zzmcm aq{Xhpw
hocyhpw hnkn-p--Xn-\m \n]p-W\pw IqSn-bmIp p Fn ]ns F s- s mv Ah- s \m
Imcyw''AXm-bXv Fs- q-SmsX Cu Fm C{n-b-fpw
hgn-bmbn {]h-\-k- --\m- Ip- -Xn\v Chs\ kw_-nn- S-tmfw Akw-`-hy-am- W.v '' C{Xbpw Nnn-nv Rm Cu
a\pjy ico-c
- n ]mZ-fpw akvX-Ihpw Cu cn
GXp-am-ambn {]th-inpw Fpw hnNm-cn-p.

10. XZ-]m-t\-\m-Pn-Lr---Zm-h-bXv ssktjm

ky {Ktlm bZzm-bp-c-m-bphm Gj bZzmbpx

12. k GX-a th koam\w hnZm-s scy-X bm Zzmcm

{]m]-Zy-X. sskjm hnZr-Xn\ma ZzmkvX-tZ-X
- mAh-km\w B ]pcp-j As apJ-ns Zzmc- -\w. Xky {Xb Bh-k-Ym-kv{Xbx kz]v\mx, AbnqSn A]m-\-hm-bp-Zzmcm {Kln-p--Xn\v B{K-ln- p. am-h- ktYmbam-hm-k tYmbam-h-kY CXn.
AXm- bXv A]m- \-hm-bp- Zzmcm apJ-nqSn ico-c- ns
Dn-tep {]th-in-n-p--Xn\p {]hn- p. Atm
Ah\v As Xs ico-c-ns Dn sImp-t]mIp-hm Ign-p. bmsXmcp A]m-\-hmbp shfn-bn
\npw ico-c
- ns Dn-tebvp izmtkm-zm-k-cq-]n ISpt]m-Ip-pthm AXp-X-s-bm-Ipp Ans {Kml-I. AXns\ ]nSn--h; AXm-bXv Dntep sImp-t]m-Ip--h. {]mW-hm-bp-hns\ kw_-nv, Cu Aw apJm-ncw Pohs kwc-Ww \n-lnp-sIm-n-cn-p--Xp-sImv CXp kmm Bbp-pXs BIpp FXv {]kn--am-Ip-p. AXv Cu A]m-\hm- bp-hns\ Iqn-sm-p-Xs {]mWmZn Ap t`Z- - fn
hn`--ambncnp apJy-{]m-Ws Hcw-i-am-Ip-p. AXn\m {]mW Xs a\p-jys Poh-\m-Ipp Fv
CXn\npw hy-am-Ip-p.

11. k CuX IYw \znZw aZrtX kymZnXn k

CutX IX-tcW {]]Zym CXn. k CuX bZn
hmNm `nhym-lrXw bZn {]mtWm-\m-`n-{]m-WnXw bZn
Npjm ZrjvSw bZn t{imt{X-W-ivdpXw bZn XzNm
kv]rjvSw bZn a\km [ymXw bZy-]m-t\-\m-`y-]m\nXw bZn inivt\\ hnkr-jvSaY tImlan-Xn.

]c-am-mhv Cu a\p-jy-i-co-c-ns koasb "aqmhns\' AXm- bXv {_- c- vds ]nfnv AXp-am-ambn
B kPoh a\p-jy-i-co-c-n {]th-in-p. Cu Zzmcw
hnZrXn (hn-Zo-am--s--Zzm-cw) F t]cn {]kn--ambn-op. AXp-Xs Cu hnZrXn Fp t]cp--Zzmcw
({_-- vdw) B\--{]-Zm-b-I-am-b n-cn-pp; AXm-b Xv
B\ kzcq-]-\mb ]c-am-m- hns {]m]vXn \Ip-p. ]cta-iz-cs {]m]vXn-p m\- aqm-Ip-p. kz]v\fpw aqv. BZy-t-Xmb lrZ-bm-Imiw At-l-ns
D]-e-_v[n-m-\-am-Ip-p. cm-a-tXv hnip-m-Im-i-cq-]]-c-a-[m- aw. AXv kXy-tem-Iw, tKmtem-Iw, {_-tem-Iw,
kmtI-X-tem-Iw, ssIemkw BZn-bmb At\Iw t]cp-Ifm Adn-b-s-Sp-p. aqm-a-tXv Cu kq-amb
{_m- W v U - a m- I p- p. AXp- t]mse Cu PK- ns
qehpw kqva hpw Imc-W -cq-]-hp-amb aq-h-IXs CXns aqp kz]v\-fpw BIp-p.

13. k PmtXm `qXm-\ y-`n-s shy-J yXv Inan-l m\yw

hmh-Zn-j-Zn-Xn. k GX-tah ]pcpjw {_ XX-a-a]-iy-Xv. CZ-a-Zi-an-Xo.

a\p-jy-cq-]-n D-hn ]pcp-j Cu `uXn-IP

- -Kns hnNn-{X- c-N-\sb hfsc B-cy-tm-Sp-IqSn \mepC{]- Imcw temI-tbpw temI- ]m- e- I- m- tcbpw krjvSn- `m-K--fn t\mp-Ibpw a\-n C{]-Imcw ]d-bp-Ibpw

172

I sNbvXp ""Cu hnNn{X PK-ns\ krjvSn-Xv ChnsS amcmWv? Fp-sIm-s- m CXv Fm krjvSn--s-tX-b-. Imcy-a p- Xp ImcWw Xo-bmbpw CXns
krjvSm-hmbn Bsc-nepw Dm-bn-cn--Ww.'' C{]-Imcw
hnNm-cn-nv B km[-I Xs lrZ-b
- n A-cym-anbmbn hncm-Pn-p ]pcp-j-s\-s Cu kq PKn hym]n-n-cn-p ]c-{_-
- ns cq]-n, {]Xy- am-n. Atm Ah B\- -\n-a--\mbn Dn C{]Imcw ]d-bp-hm XpSn ""Atlm ku`m-Kyw, Rm ]c{_--]-c-ta-iz-cs\ In-cn-p-p, kmm-Xvmcw {]m]nn-cn-p-p.''

1. ]pcptj l hm Ab-am-ZntXm Kt`m `h-Xn. btZX

t{ZXx XtZ-XXv ktht`ymMv tK`y-kvtXPx kw`qX-am--t\y-hm-m\w _n`n XZyZm kv{Xnbmw
kn-Xy-ssY-\--\-bXn XZky {]Yaw P.

Cu temI-Pohn BZyw ]pcp-j-i-co-c-n (]n-Xm-hns

ico-c-n) hocy-cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSn K`-am-Ip-p. ]pcp-js
ico-c
- n- ep Cu hocyw Fm AwK--fn\npw ]pds-p-mb tXPv (km-cw) BWv. Cu ]nXmhv Xs kzcq]-`q-X -amb hocy-c q-]-tX-P-ns\ BZyw kzw ico-cns [cn-p-Ibpw ]cn-t]m-jn-n-p-Ibpw sNpp. {_-N-cyw-hgn AXns\ hfn ]pjvSn-s-Sp-p-p.
]noSv Ah AXns\ kv{XobpsS K`m- i- b- n m]np-p. Atm AXns\ K`-cq-]-n D-hn-n-p-p.
AXp amXm-hns ico-c-n {]th-in-p--Xp-Xs
AXns BZy P-am-Ip-p.

Cu PK-ns hnNn{X cN-\-sb-v CXns {kjvSmhmb ]c- am-m-hns k-bn hniz-knv a\p-jy Atls Adn-bp--Xn\pw {]m]n-p--Xn\pw Dp-I-\mbn
At-l--s B{i-bnv {]hn-pp Fn
Xo-bmbpw B ]cm-]-cs\ Adn- bp-hm Ign- bp-sa `mhw
2. Xkv{Xnbm B-`qXw i-Xn. bYm kzaw KwXChnsS {]I-S-am--s-n-cn-p-p. ]c-am-m-hns\ Adn-bpYm. Xkvam-tZ\mw \ ln\-kvXn. kmsskyX amm-Xn\pw {]m]n-p--Xn-\p-ap {]hrn Cu a\p-jy-i-co\-a-{X-KXw `mh-b-Xn.
c-n\npw am{Xta km[y-am-I-bp-q. ap ico-c--fn
B kv{Xo (am-Xm-h)v bpsS ico-c-n hp-tN B
km[y-a-.
K`w ]nXm-hp-h-gn-bmbn m]n-X-amb tXPv B
14. Xkvam-Zn-Zt{m \mta-Zt{m l ssh \ma Xankv{XobpsS B-`m-hs {]m]n-p-p. AXm-bXv AhZ{w k-an{ CXym-N
- tX ]tcm-t-W. ]tcmfpsS aw-K- t]mse-Xs CXpw Ah-fpsS Hc-h-b-h-{]-nbm Ch ln tZhmx ]tcm--{]nbm Ch ln
ambn ]cn-W-an-p-p. AXp-Im-cWw B K`w Ah-fpsS
tZhmx
DZ-c-n InS-npw bmsXm- cp-hn-[-amb ]oU-Ifpw Ahsf
]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ B a\p-jy-i-co-c-n D- _m[n-m-sX-bn-cn-p-p. AsXmcp `mc-am-bn-tmepw A\p- -Sp-n-. B kv{Xo Xs ico-c
- n hp-tN
hn ]pcp-j ]qtm--amb coXn-bn Ip; Cu Imc- `-hs
Ww-sIm-p-Xs ]c-am-m-hns \maw "CZ{' Fm-bn- Xs ]Xn-bpsS B-cq-]-amb Cu K`s Xs Hc-h-bop. AXm-bXv ""CZw {Z Chs\ Rm BZyw In-cn- hw-t]m-se-Xs `-W-km-[-\-sImp ]cn-t]m-jn-np-p.'' Cu hypXv]-n-b-\p-k-cnv At-l-ns \maw p-Ibpw as-m--c-n-ep-ap AXym-hiy \nb-a-]m-e""CZ{'' Fm-bn. C{]-Imcw B ]c-am-m-hns \maw \-sImp ]cn-]m-env AXns\ \-Xp- t]mse cn- p"CZ{' Fp Xs-bm-Ipp Fncp-mepw Bfp-I Ibpw sNp-p.
CXns\ ]tcm-- `m-h-n "C{' Fp ]dp hnfn-p3. km `mh-bn{Xo `mh-bn-Xhym `h-Xn. Xw kv{Xo
p. Fp-sIm-s-m tZh-K-W-fpw cl-ky-am-bn-sK ` w _ n` n. tk m{K G h Ipamc w
-t]mse Aev]w ]d-bp-hm-\n-jvS-s-Sp-p. ""]tcm--{]nbm
P t\ mt{K[ n` m- h - b - X n. k bX vIp- a mc w
Ch ln tZhmx'' Cu An-a-hm-Iys hopw D-cn-pPt\mt{K[n`m- h -b - X ym- m- \ -t ah Xm-h -b sImv Cu JWvU-ns kam-]vXnsb kqNn-n-p-p.

tXyjmw temIm\mw kwX- X ym. Ghw kwXXm

lota temIm-kvXZ- ky ZznXobw P.

ZznXo-bm- ymbw

kzw `m-hns B-kz-cq-]a

- mb B K`s
Fm hn[- nepw kwc-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p B K`nWn
{]Y-a-I mWvU w
hon-ep Bfp-If
- mepw {]tXy-Inv Ah-fpsS `m-hnkw_w {]Y-am-ym-b-n krjvSn- bpsS D-n- \mepw ]cn-]m-en--s-Sp-hm tbmKy-bm-bn- o-cp-p. AXm{I-a-tbpw a\p-jy-i-co- c-ns al-z- tbpw ]dp bXp honeph-cp-tSbpw `m-h n-tbpw ]c-a-amb
Ign-p. Pohm-m-hn\v Cu ico-c-n ]c-am-m-hns\ I-hy-amWv Ahp `- W-{I-a-fpw Pohn-X-kuAdnp IrX-Ir-Xy-am-bn-o-cp-hm km[n-p-sa- p I-cy- fpw sNbvXp-sIm-Spv Ahsf kwc-n-pI FpImcyhpw kmt-Xn-Ia
- mbn ]d-n-cn-p-p. Ctm Cu -Xv. B K`s {]k-hn-p--Xp-hsc kv{Xo (am-Xm-hv)
ico-c
- ns A\n-Xy-Xsb ImWnv sshcmKyw Dm-Ip- Xs ico-c-n hln-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. ]ns P\n--Xn-\p-thn Cu Aym-b-n a\p-jy-i-co-c-ns Xn-\p-tijw P\n-m-ep-SXs AXns ]nXmhp PmXD-nsb hn-pp

173

I ImZn NS-p-If- mepw ap \m\m {]Im-c-n-ep D]-Nm-

kw_-w--C-{]-Imcw IqS-qsS P\n-p-Ibpw acn-p- m-Ip-p. Cu

c-sImpw B Ipam-cs\ AZyp-Zb ioe-\m-p-Ibpw Ibpw sNp-Xv Hcp `b--c-amb bmX-\b
- q-]-am-Ip
P\\w apX Ah kYm tbmKy- \m-bn- o-cp- - Xp-hsc Pohn Cu cl-kys {Klnv Cu ico-cc
Fm-{]-Im-c-n-ep-ap ]cn-]m-e-\-fpw \m\m-hn-[-n-ep- IqSns\ XIv CXn\np XnIpw ths]-Sp- -Xp- hsc
ap hnZy-Ifpw {]Zm-\w-sNbvXv Fm {]Im-c-nepw D- B P-bm-X-\bvp arXy-cq-]-am-b-bn\npw Hcn-epw
X-\m-n-op-Ibpw sNp-p. Ipn-bpsS P\-\m\cw tamN-\-ap-m-Ip-n-. Cu Bibw ASp cp a{-B ]nXm-h,v Ah Ign-hp--h-\m-bn-o-cp--Xn-\p-thn fn hma-tZ-h-a-ljn-bpsS ZrjvSm--nqSn a\-n-emAh\p hnZym-`ym-khpw kwc--Whpw \In tbmKy-\m- -s-Sp-p.
n- opp; Fp-sIm-s-m C{]-Im-cw-X s
5. XZp--ar-jn-Wm--Kt` \pk--t\z-jm-a-th-Z-alw
Hmtcm-cp--c n\npw D-h nv Ch-s bmw a\p-jytZhm\mw P\n-am\n hnizm. iXw am ]pc Bb-kohs hnkvXo-am-n-op-p. Hcp Poh _mec-c - - [x tiyt\m Phkm \nc-Zo-b -an-X n. K`
I-cq-]-n K`-n \npw shfn-bn-tebvp hcp-Xv
GsshX bmt\m hmta-Zh Gh-ap-]m-N.
Ahs cm-as P-am-Ip-p.
ap]-d \mep a{- -fnepw hnh-cn-n- cn-p ImcyCu hnh-c -W-nIqSn ]nXm-hn\pw ]p{X- \p-ap
-fpsS clkyw ChnsS Ejn-Zzmcm ]d-bs
- -n-cn-p-p.
I-hy-ns inWw \I-s-n-cn-p-p. amXm-]nK`m-h--bns AXm-bXp K`w shfn-bn hcpXm--tfmSp ]p{X- mv `mcn Npa- X-e- I Dsv Ah
-Xn\p apm-bn-s hma-tZ-h-a-ljnp bYma\-n-em--Ww. AXn-\m Ah F{X-am{Xw tkh\w
m\w e`n-n-cp-p. AXn-\m Atlw amXm-hns DZ-cA\p-jvTn-mepw Ah XnIpw Aev]w-am-{Xta BIp-p-q.
n InS-p- sIm- p- Xs ]dp ""Atlm alm-`m- Kyw,
AXp- t]mse ]nXmhpw Nnn-t--Xpv; Rm\n- h\p hfsc
K`-n hkn-p-sIm-p-Xs Rm Cu Ax-Ic
- -WD]-Im-c--sfms sNbvXn-cn-pp Fsmpw Al--cn-fp-tSbpw C{n-b --fp-tSbpw tZh-X-If
- psS At\I
p-hm ]mSn; adnv Rm Fs-s A`n-hr-n-sP- fn-embn kw`-hn-n-p cl-ky-sf \-Xp-t]mse
Spn kzw I-hys ]men-n-cn-pp Fv ]nXm{Kln-n-cn-p-p. AXv Fsm-cm--cy-am-bn-cn-p-p. AXm Nnn--Ww.
bXv P\\w apX-em-bh hmkvX-h-n Cu Ax-Ic
- -W- -fp-tSbpw am{X-am-Wv, Bm-hns
4. tkmkymb- a mm ]ptWy`yx {]Xn- [ o- b - tX. n-tbpw C{n-b
AYm-kym-b-an-Xc Bm IrX-IrtXym htbm-KXx A F Imcyw Rm XnIpw {Kln-p-I-gn-n-cn-pss{]Xn. k CXx {]b-th ]p\Pm-btX XZky p. Cu clkyw {Kln-p--Xn\p apv At\Iw temlk-am-\-I-tTm-c--fmb ico-c-]-RP
v -c--fn F\nv _XrXobw P.
\-a \p`hn-t- -X mbn hn-p- v. Ah-b n \npw
ap]-d {]Imcw ]nXm-hn-s-Xs B-cq-]-amb
tamN\w t\Sp-Xv Fs kw_-n-n-S-tmfw Akm-[y]p{X Imcy \S- p--Xn\v tbmKy-\m-bn- o- cptm
am-sWp Hcp ZrV-hn-izm-khpw F\n-p-m-bn-cp-p.
B ]nXmhv Ahs\ Xs {]Xn-\n-[n-bm-p-p. An-tlmCtm Rm Igp-I-s\-tmse m\-cq-]-am-Ip in{Xw, tZh-]q-P, AXn-Yn-tkh apX-embn sshZn-Ihpw euIntb-d nb thK-tm-Sp-IqSn Ah-sbmw XIv AhI-hp-amb F{X- am{Xw ip`-I--fptm Ah-sb-m-nbn\npw thdn-p-I-gn-n-cn-p-p. B ico-cc
- q-]--fmsbpw `mcw ]p{Xs\ Gn-p-p. Krl-s Fm
Ip ]RvP-c--fp-ambn F\np bmsXmcp kw_-hpw
D-c-hm-Zn-Xz-fpw ]p{X-\n Npan IrX-Ir-Xy-\m- bn-oAh-ti-jn-p-n- . Rm F-t-bvp-ambn B ico-ccp-p. AXm-bXv Xs-s ]nXr-_m-y-X-bn\npw
-f psS Al-m-c-n\npw ap-\m-b n--g n-n-cnap-\m-bn-op-p. AXn-\p-tijw Cu ico-c-ns
p-p.
Bbpv ]q-am-Ip- -tXm-Sp-IqSn Abm (]n-Xm-h v)
- o-c-t`-Zm-Zq[z DXv{I-aymAXns\ Dt]-n-nv ChnsS \npw bm{X ]d-bp-p. 6. k Ghw hnZzm-\-kvam-c
Atm ChnsS \npw t]mbn ap-tem-I
- n Im-\p- ap-jva n kztK temtI kmIm-a m-\ m-]vX zmk-cWw FhnsS GXp-tbm-\n-bn P\n-p-pthm AXv arXx ka-`m-hXv ka-`h
- -Xv.
Ahs aqm-as P-am-Ip-p. Cs\ Cu P- P-mC{]-Imcw P-P-m--c--fm-bp XXz-sf Adn- c-ns ]c-c XpSp-sIm-t-bn-cn-p-p.
np AXm-bXv Poh Cu ico-ct- m-Sp-IqSn Hmbn
P\-\a
- -c-W--fpsS alm-I-jSv -XIsf Nnnv AXn hkn-p-Ibpw ico-cs
- -s Xs kzcq-]-sap Icp\npw tamN\w t\Sp--Xn\p Pohm-mhv a\pjyico-c-n- Xp-Ibpw sNp--Xp-hsc Ch\p P\-\-a-c-W--fn \npw
en-cpp {]hn-m-Xn-cn-p--Xp-hsc Cu ]c-c XI-cp- tamN\w e`n-p-t- bn-. Ch\v IqsS-qsS \m\m-tbm-\nn-. AXn- \m CXn- \p- thn a\p-jy Ahiyw {]hn- I-fn Pw FSp- nv \m\m-hn- [- n- ep IjvS-X- I A\p-Ww. CXp-Xs Cu {]I-c-W-ns Dtiw Fp `-hn-t--Xm-bn-h-cpp Cu cl-kys {Kln-n-p
t_my-am-Ip- p.

174

I m\n-bmb hma-tZ-h-a-ljn K`-n\npw shfn-

Xs BZyw ]d--Xmb a\-.v kay-mbn Fmw {Klnbn hv Ah-km\w ico-c-\miw kw`-hn--tm temI- p--Xn-\p ImgvN-bn\np hcp-p. in AXm-bXv
n \npw apIfnte-bvp-I-bc
- p-Ibpw AXp-t]mse ap--hsc BPvRm-Zzmcm `cn-p- - Xn-\p in, ]ZmDu[z-K-Xn-Zzmcm `K-hms ]c-a-[m-a- n Fn Ahn-Ssb sf {]tXyIw hnth-Nn-d- n-bp--Xn-\p in, ImWpFm A`n-em-j-fpw {]m]nv AXm-bXv kYm B]vX- Ibpw tIp-Ibpw sNp--hsb a\-kvkn-em-p--XnIm-a-\m-bnv Aa-c-\m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. As\ P\- \p in, A\p-`-h-sf [cn-p--Xn-\p in, Zi\-a-c-W-N-{I-n\npw \nXy-ambn tamN\w {]m]n-p. "ka- \-i-n, ss[cyw AXm- bXv hyXn-N-en-m-Xn- cn-p- -Xn- \p
`-hXv' F ]Zs Bhn-p-sImv ChnsS Aym-b- in, _pn AXm-bXv \n-bn-p--Xn-\p in, a\ns kam-]X
v nsb kqNn-n-n-cn-p-p.
\w-sN-p--Xn-\p in, thKw--- W-t\- cw-sImv FhnsS-bp-sa-p--Xn-\p in, kvac-W-i-n, k-ev]i
- n, at\m-c-Y-i-n, {]mWi-n, A`nemji-n, {ko klXrXo-b m-ymbw
hmkw apX-emb A`n-em-j-C-{]-Im-c-ap Cu inI-sfmw B kz- m-\-kz-cq- ]-\mb ]c-am-Xvam- hns \ma{]Y-a-J Wv Uw
-f m- I p- p. AXm-b Xv At- l - ns k- b psS
1. tImbam- tXn hb-ap-] m- k va -t l. IXcx k t_m[s kv]jvS-am-p e-W--em-Ip-p. ChBm. tb\ hm ]iyXn tb\ hm irtWmXn tb\ sbmw Inv Ch-bpsS cNn-Xmhpw km-e-I\pw chm Km-\mPn{LXn tb\ hm hmNw hymIp-tcmXn \p-ambhs k-hym-]-I-amb k-bpsS PvRm\w Dmtb\ hm kzmZp NmkzmZp N hnPm-\m-Xn.
Ip-p.
Cu D]-\n-j
- ns Hpw cpw Aym-b--fn-embn
cm-m--fpsS h-\w-hp Hv ]c-am-m-h,v Fmn-t\bpw krjvSn-p-Ibpw kPoh ]pcp-js\ {]Xy-amn AXn\p kl-tbmKw \evIp--Xn\p kzbw AXn
{]th-in-p-Ibpw sNp ]c-am-m-h.v cv Pohm-m-h.v
bmsXm-ns\ kPo-h-]p-cp-j-cq-]
- n ]c-am-mhv {]I-Sam-p-Ibpw P-P-m--cfpsS ]c--c-bn K`-n
XpS-n-a-cWw hsc Dm-bn- cn-p-Ibpw sNp Pohm-mhv. Ch-cn D]m-kn--s-tS tZh Bcv? AXv F-s\bp--XmWv? AXns\ Fs\ Xncn--dn-bpp? Cu Imcysf \n-bn-p--Xn\v Cu Aymbw {]tbm-P-\-s-Sppp. B D]m-ky-tZ-h-\mb ]c-am-m-hns XXzs
{Kln-p--Xn-\p-p-I-cmb Ipd-m-fp-I ]c-kv]cw Nnnp-hm XpS-n. ""bmsXm-ns\ \mw D]m-kn-p-pthm
AXm-bXv bmsXm-ns\ D]m-kn-nv AXns\ \mw {]m]n-Wtam B Bmhv Bcv? cm-as hmn bmsXmns kl-tbmKw sImv a\p-jy t\{X-Zzmcm kakvX
Zriy--tfbpw ImWp-pthm bmsXm-n-\m I-
tI-s-Sp- pthm bmsXm- n-\m {LmtW{nbw \m\mhn- [-n- ep Ksf {LmWn--dn- bp-pthm bmsXm- n\m ck-t\- {nbw kzmZp-tXm Cm- tXm Fp hkvXpsf {]tXyIw {]tXyIw Xncn-d- n-bp-pthm AXv ap]d cv Bm--fn GXmWv?

2. btZ-X-r-Zbw a\-ss-X-X.v kwm-\-am-m\w

hnm\w {]m-\w ta[m ZrjvSn[r-Xna-Xna\ojm PqXnx kvarXnx kev]x {IXp-ckpx Imtam
hi CXn khm-tWy-ssh-Xm\n {]m-\ky \mat[-bm\n `h-n.
C{]-Im-c-ap hnNm-c-sf Ah-X-cn-n-nv Atlw
Btem-Nn-p-Cu lrZbw AXm-bXv AxIcWw CXp-

3. Gj {_ssj C{ Gj {]Pm- ] - X n-t ctX

kth-tZhm Cam\n N ]-a-lm-`q-Xm\n ]rYn ho
hmbp-cm-Imi Bt]m tPymXowjotXy-Xm-\o-am\n N
p{Z- a n- { im- W o- h - _ o- P m- \ o- X - c mWn tNX- c mWn
Nm-Pm\n N Pmcp-Pm\n N tkzZ-Pm\n tNmZv`n\n Nmizm Kmhx ]pcpjm lkvXnt\m bXvInwtNZw {]mWn PwKaw N ]X{Xn N bp-m-hcw
khw XXv{]-PvRm-t\{Xw {]PvRmt\ {]Xn-jvTnXw
{] PvR m- t \ - t {X m- t e mIx {] PvR m- { ] - X nj vTm
{]m\w {_.
C{]-Imcw Btem-Nn-nv Atlw AJn-e-tbpw
krjvSnv Fm {]Im-c-n-ep in {]Zm-\w-sNbvXv
Ahsb kwc-n-p kz-PR
v m-\- kz-cq-]-\mb ]c- am-Xvamhp-Xs D]m-ky-tZ-h-s\p Xocp-am-\np. Ct-lw-Xs
{_lm-amhpw BZys Aym-b-n hn-n-p
C{\pw BIp- p. Ct- l w- X s Fm- n- tbpw
krjvSnbpw ]me-\h
- pw-\-S-p--h\pw kIe {]P-If
- ptSbpw kzman-bp-amb {]Pm-]-Xn-bm-Ip-p. Fm C{m-Zn-tZh-If
- p-tSbpw ]rYn, BIm-iw, hmbp, Pew, tXPv Cu
cq]- -e n {]I-S-am-bn-c n- p-p. ]-a-l m-`q-X - fpw
sNdnb sNdnb _oP-cq-]--fn nX-am-bn-cn-p Fm
PohnIfpw AXp-t]mse Ah-bn \npw `n--fmbn ap-hbpw AXm-bXv A--fn \np-m-Ip-Xpw `qan
]nfp-m-Ip-Xpw adp-]n-n-bn \np-m-Ip- Xpw
hnbn \np-m-Ip-Xpw AXm-bXp a\p-jy-i-co-cnse Agp-n\n-p-m-Ip-Xpw IpXn-c, B\, ]ip,
a\p-jy Ch-sb-mw-Iq-Snb PKpw ]dp \S-p-Xpw
nc-am-bn-cn-p-Xpamb Poh-k-ap-Zm-b--fpw Cu Fm
{]mWn-Ifpw {]PvRm-\-kz-cq-]\
- mb ]c-Xvam-hn\npw
in- {]m-]nv Xmm-- fpsS {]hr-n-I-fn ka- cmbn

175

I hn-p-Ibpw B {]PvRm-kz-cq] ]c-am-m-hn nX-

Sp-IqSn kqhpw Znhyhpw Aeu-In-Ihpw Bb t`mKam-bn-c n-p-I bpw sNp- p. Cu AJne {_mw cq-]-am-Ip ]c-am-\-s {]m]n-nv Aa-c-\m-bnocppx
{]PvRm-\-i-n-bp--am-bn-cn-p-p. CXns nXn-bpsS AXmbXv \nXy-ambn P\\ ac-W--fn\npw tamNn-B[mcw {]PvRm-\-kz- cq-]-\mb ]c-am- Xvam-hp- X-s-bm- Ip-p. s-Sp-p. "ka-`-hXv' (Bbn-op) Cu ]Z-ns ]p\AXn-\m bmsXmcp- t\cs C{s\pw {]Pm-]- cpn D]-\n-j-ns kam-]vX nsb kqNn-n-p--Xn-\pXn-sb-pap \ma-m ]d-bs
- -pthm bmsXm-cp- thn {]tbm-Kn-n-cn-p-p.
Fm-n-tbpw cN-\bpw cbpw \Ip-Ibpw Fmn\pw Fm-hn-[-n-ep-ap in {]Zm\w sNp
{]PvRm\ kzcq-]-\mb ]c-am-Xvam-hm-bn-cn-p-pthm At- imn-] mTw
lw-Xs \psS D]m-ky-tZ-h-\m-bn-cn-p {_w B
Hmw hmMvta a\kn {]Xn-jvTn-Xm. at\m ta hmNn
Ip-p.
{] X n- j vTn- X - a m- h n- c - h o a. G [ n. thZk y a

4. k GtX\ {]PvtR-\m-Xva-\m-kvam-tm-Im-Zp-Xm{I
aymap-jvankztK temtI khm Ima-\m-]vXzmarXx ka-`-h--a-` -h-Xv.

BWox {ipXw ta am {]lm-kox. At\-\m-[otX- \ m- tlm- c m- {Xm kwZ [man- E Xw hZn-j ym- an.
kXyw hZn- j yman Xm- a - h - X p. XZz- m- c - a - h Xp
AhXp ama-hXp hm-c-a-hXp hm-cw.

bmsXm-cp- C{]-Imcw {]PvRm-\-kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-taiz- cs\ Adn-bp-pthm Ah Cu temI- n\npw apI- Hmw imnx ! imnx !! imnx !!!
fn-te-bvp-bv AXm-bXv ico-cs XyPnv ]c-am-\--aCXns Aw Cu D]-\n-j-ns Bcw-`-n
b-amb ]c-a-[m-a-n {]PvRm\ kzcq-]-\mb {_lva-tm- sImSp-n-p-v.

{]ivt\m-]-\n-jv

{]ivt\m-]-\n-jv AY-th-Z-n ]n-emZ imJbpsS {_mW `mK-n\n-p--Xm-Wv. Cu D]-\n-jn ]n-emZ aljn kptI-im-Zn-I-fmb Bdp aljnam-cpsS Bdp tNmZy-v {Ia-{]-Imcw Dcw ]d-bp-p.
AXn-\m CXns t]cv {]ivt\m-]-\n-jv Fm-bnop.

imn-] mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx irWp-bma tZhm `{Zw ]tiytam `ncy-P{Xm:
nssc cMvssK-kvXpjvSp hmwk-kvX-\q-`n hytia
tZh-lnXw bZmbp:

kzkvXn\ \ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvX n \x

]pjm hniz-thZm:
kzkvXn \ kvXmtym Acn-jvS-t\an:
kzkvXn t\m _rl-kv]X
- nZ-[m-Xp.
Hmw imnx imnx imnx
Kpcp-Ip-e--fn Ay-b\w sNp injy-m XfpsS Kpcp-hn\pw kl-]m-Tn-Ipw XYm am\-h-k-aq-ln\pw awKfw Dm-Ip--Xn\mbn tZh-X-I-tfmSp {]mnp-p. ""tl tZh-m-tc, R R-fpsS ImXp-I-fn
ip`aw-K-f-I-c--fmb hN-\
- am{Xw tI-s. \n,
Bt- ]w, Ak`yw AXp-t]mse ap ]m]- P-\n-X--fmb
Imcy- Ch R-fpsS ImXp-I-fn ]Xn-m-Xn-cn--s.

176

I R-fpsS kzw PohnXw `P-\]- m-cm-b-Wm-Zn-I-fm kZm

`K-hms Bcm-[-\-I-fn hym]r-X-am-bn-cn--s. I-fnqSn {ihn-p-I-am{Xw sNmsX t\{X sImpw
R kZm awK- fs Zin--s. GsX-nepw Aaw-K-fIm-cntbm AYhm \mi-n- tebvp \on-sm-n-cn-ptXm Bb ImgvNI
- sf R-fpsS ZrjvSn BIjn-mXn-cn- -s. R-fpsS ico-cw, Hmtcm Ah-b- h-hpw, `K-hms\
kvXpXn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xn\p kpZr-Vhpw kp]p-jSv -hp-ambn-o-c-s. R-fpsS Bbqv t`mK-hn-em-k--fn apgpIn--gn-bm-Xn-cn-s; `K-hm\p {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp hn[-nep Bbpv Rp e`n--s. (tZ-h-I R-fpsS
Hmtcm C{n-b--fnepw A[n-h-knv Ahsb kwc-n-pIbpw {]hn- n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Ah-\p-Iq-e-ambn-cn-p--Xp-sImv R-fpsS C{n-b- kpK-a-ambn
km- n XpSp-sIm- n- cn-p-p. AXp-sImv AhtcmSpw {]mn-p-Xv DNn-X-am-Ip-p) Fm Znp-I-fnepw
kpb-it- m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bh
- c
- mb tZh-cm-P C{, k-\mb ]qjm-h,v Acn- jSv - \n-hm-c-I- \mb Xmy (K- cp-U),
_pn-bpsS kzman-bmb _rl-k]
v Xn Ctlw Fm tZhm-cp-tSbpw hn`q-Xn-bm-Ipp Ch kZm R-fpsS awKfs ]cnt]mjnn--s. Ch-cpsS Ir]-bm R-tfmsSm-p Fm Pohn-Ipw awKfw Dm-bn-sm-n-cn-s. Bym-n-Ihpw B[n-ssZ- hn-Ihpw B[n `uXn-Ihpw
Bb Fm Xm]-pw imn-bp-m-Is!

{]Y-a -{]iv \ w
1. Hmw kptIim N `mc-ZzmPx ssihyx kXy-Imax
kucym-bWo N KmKyx Iuk-e y-m-iz-em-bt\m
`mthm sshZ`nx I_o ImXym- b -\ kv tX
ssltX {_-]cm {_-\njvTmx ]cw {_m-t\zjamWm Gj l ssh Xw hy-Xo-XntX
l kan-Xv]m-Wtbm `K-hw ]n-em-Z-ap-]-kmx
HmwIm-c -kz-cq-]-amb kn-Zm-\-\vL-\-]-c-am- m-hns
kvac-W-tbm-Sp-IqSn D]-\n-jv Bcw-`n-p-p. `c-Zzm-Ps
]p{X kptI-im, in_n-Ip-am-c kXy-Im-a, K-tKm-{Xn ]nd kucym-b-Wn, tImk-e-tZi \nhm-kn-bmb
Biz-em-b-\, hnZ`-tZ-is `m-h, IXys {]]u{X I_n Ch {]kn--m-cm-Ip-p. Ch thZm-`ym-k]-cm-b-Wcpw {_-\njvT ({i-Z-[m-]qw thZm-\p-Iq-e-amb
BN-c-Ww) \S-p--hcpw Bbn-cp-p. Hcn- Cu Bdp
aljn-amcpw ]c-{_--]ctaiz-c-hn-j-b-Ia
- mb Pnm-kbm Hn-p-]p-d-s-p. ]n-emZ aljnv Cu hnjbw
\m-bn--dn-bm-sav Ah tIn- cp- p. AXn-\m "{_s
kw_-nv \mw Adn-bp-hm-\m-{K-ln-p--sXmw Atlw
\app ]d-p-Xcpw' Fp hnNm-cnv Ah Pnm-kp-fpsS thj-ne ssIbn kanpw FSpp ]n-emZ-a-ljn-bpsS ASp- sNp.

2. Xml k Ejn-cp-hmN `qb Gh X]km {_

NtcyW {ibm kwh- cw kwh- yY bYmImaw {] i v\ m ] r - X bZn hn m- k ymax
khwl thmh-yma CXn.

ta-d Bdp aljn-amcpw ]c-{_--] -c-amb

Pnm- k- bm Xs-b-Sp- hXp Inv aljn ]nem-Z Ah-tcmSp ]dp \n X]-kzn-If
- m-W-tm.
\n {_-N-cys ]men-p-sImp kmwtKm-]mw- K-thZhpw ]Tn-n-cn-p-p. Fn-cp-mepw Fs B{i-a-n
hkn-p- sImv hopw Hcp kwh--c-mew {im-]qw
{_-N-cys A\p-jvTn-p-sImv X]--cy-bn Ign-bphn. AXn-\p-tijw \n Fm-{K-ln-p-pthm AXv
FtmSp tNmZn-p-sIm-p-I. \n tNmZn-p tNmZy F\n--dn-hp-X
- m-sW-n \n-tlw \nv
Fm-m-cy-fpw \mbn a\-n-em-I---hn[w ]d-pX-cmw.
kw_w aljn-bpsS B-{]-Imcw Fm-hcpw
{i, {_-N-cyw, X]ky Chsb hn[n-]qw \n-lnp-sImv Hcp kwh-cw AhnsS hkn-p.

3. AY I_o ImXym-b\ Dt]Xy ]{]

`K-h ItXm l hm Camx {]Pmx
{]Pm-b CXn.
]n-em-Za
- -ljn-bpsS B-{]-Imcw Ah {im]qw {_-Ncyw ]men-p-sImv AhsS X]-cy A\pjvTn-p-hm XpS-n. aljn-bpsS kwc-- W-bn kwba- tm-Sp-IqSn Pohnv Hcp hjw hsc Ah XymK- a-b-ambn
PohnXw Ign-p. AXn-\p-tijw Ah-scmw hopw ]nemZ aljn-bpsS kao]w sNp. Ah- cn k- {]-Y- a\pw
IXy-a-ljn-bpsS {]]u-{X-\p-amb I_n `n-tbmSpw
hn\-b- tm- Spw- IqSn tNmZn-p. ""`K- h, bmsXm-n \npw
Cu kq-N-cm-N-c-Po-hnI \m\m-cq-]
- -fn Dev]-am-bn-cn-p-pthm bmsXmv CXns kp\n-n-X-amb ]ca-Im-c-W-am-Ip-pthm AXv Fm-Ipp?

4. Xkvssa k tlmhmN {]Pm-Imtam ssh {]Pm]

Xnx k Xt]mX]yX k X]-kvX]vXzm k anYp-\apXv ]mZ-b-tX. cbnw N {]mWw tNtXyXu ta _lp[m-{]Pmx Icn-jyX CXn.
I_-n- a-ljn- bpsS Cu tNmZyw {ihnv aljn ]nem-Z ]dp tl ImXym-b-\, AJne Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw
kzman-bmb ]c-ta-iz-c\v krjvSn-bpsS Bcw- `-n {]Psb
Dev]m-Zn-n-p-hm C-bp-m-b-tm Atlw kev]
cq]-amb X]--\p-jvTn-p. Cu kwKXn thZ--fn {]kn-am-Wtm! X]-n\npw Atlw k-{]-Y-a-ambn
cbnbpw {]mW-\pw, Ch cn-t\-bpw, Hcp tPmUn-bmbn
krjvSn-p. AXns\ krjvSn--Xns Dtiw Ch cpwIqSntv F\n- p-thn \m\m-{]-Im-c - -fn-ep-ap

177

I krjvSn-Isf Dev]m-Zn-n-p--Xn-\m-bn-cp-p. Cu a{-n

kqcy-In-c-W--fp-ambn _-s-nv Ahbvp \ho-\-amb

Fm-n\pw Poh {]Zm\w sNp-Xv GsXmcp ka-jSv n- kv^pn e`y-am-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse Xs GsXmw kaPo-h- \-i-n-bm- Ip- pthm AXns\ ""{]mW'' F t]cn b--fn Fhn-sS-hn-sS-sbmw kqcy Xs {]Imiw ]chnfn-p- p. Cu Poh-\-i- n-bn\n-p-Xs {]Ir-Xn-bpsS p-pthm Ahn-S-hn-sS-bp Pohn-Iv kv^pn
qe-kz-c q-]-n kakvX hkvX p--fnepw Poh, \In-s m-t-b n-c n- p- p. AXn-\ m kqcy Cu
nXn Ch-bpsS bYm-tbm-Ky-am-bp kma-RvPkyw kw`- kakvX PK-n- tbpw {]mW-\mIpp.
hn-p- I- bm qe-`qX kap-Zm- b- ns \maw "cbn' Fp
7. k Gj sshizm-\tcm hniz-cq]x {]mtWmncphnfn--s-p. AXp {]mW-cq-]-amb Poh-\-i-n-bm A\pZ-b-tX. XtZ-X-Zr-Nm-`yp-w.
{]m-Wn- X-ambn Imcya- am-Ip-p. {]mW tNX-\-bm-Ip- p.
Pohn-I-fpsS ico-c
- n nXn-sN-p sshizm-\-ccbn in-bpw BIr-Xnbpw BIp-p. {]mW-tbpw cbnPT
c
m
nb
m
`Ww
Zln-p-p. AXv kqcys Xs
bp-tSbpw kwtbm-K-n \np Xs krjvSn-bpsS kakvX-Im-cy-fpw ]qn-bm--s-Sp-p. Ch-Xs A\y{X Awi-am-Ipp; AXn-\m kqcy Xs-bm-Ip-p. AXpt]mse {]mW, A]m-\, kam-\, hym\, DZm- \ Cu
Anbpw tkma\pw F-t]-cn ]d-b-s-n-cn-p-p.
Ap-cq-]--fnepw {]mW hn`--am-bn-cn-p-p. AXpw
5. BZntXym l ssh {]mtWm cbn-tch
B DZ-b-kq-cys Awi-am-Wv. AXn-\m kqcy Xs
N{am cbn
BIpp Cu Imcyw Xs ASp EIvhmcm hy-am-s-Sp-p.
hm GXXv kw bqw Nmaqw

N Xkvam-qn-tch cbnx
Cu a{- n {]mW-tbpw cbn-b p-tSbpw kzcq]s hnh-cn-p-p. ]n-em-Z ]dp Cu ImW-sSp kq-P-Kv {]mW\pw cbnbpw Fo cp-X-Xz-fp-tSbpw kwtbm-K-n \ntm kn-{i-W-n
\ntm Dm-bn-cn-p-p. AXn-\m Chsb {]tXyIw
{]tXyIw FSp-p-]-d-bp-hm km[y-a-. Fn-cp-mepw
\mw {]Xy--am-bn-m-Wp Cu kqcyXs {]mW-\mIp-p. Fm CXns AJn-e-n\pw Poh
{]Zm\w sNp tNX-\m-i-n-bpsS {][m-\-Xbpw A[n-IXbpw nXn-sN-p-p. Cu kqcy B kqva-Po-h\
- -in- bpsS L\o-`q- X-amb kzcq-]- am-Ip-p. AXp-t]m-se- Xs
Cu N{ cbn-bm-Ip-p. Fp-sIm-s-m CXn
qe-X-Xz-sf ]pjvS n-s-Sp-p `qX-X-m-{X-I-fpsS
B[nIyw \ne-\np-p. kakvX Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw qei-co-c--fpsS t]mjWw Cu N{s inb {]m]n-np
kw`-hn-p-p. \psS ico-c-n Ch cn-tbpw inI {]tXyIw AwK-{]-Xyw-K--fn hym]vX-am-bn-cn-p-p.
Ah-bn Poh\ inbp-am-bp kw_w kqcy-\n
\npw amwkw, taZv apX-e mb qe-X -X z- -f psS
kw_w N{-\n \np-am-Ip-p.

6. AYm-ZnXy DZ-bbXv {]mNow Zniw {]hn-i-XntX\ {]mNym {]mWm civanjp kn-[ -t.
b- nWmw bXv {]XoNow bZp- Z oNow bZt[m
bZq[zw bZ- -c m-Zntim bw {]Im-i -b Xn
tX\ khm {]mWm civanjp kn-[-t.
Cu a{-n Fm Pohn-If
- n-ep-ap Poh\ intbmSv kqcy-\p kw_-s ImWn-p-p. cm{Xn-ptijw kqcy ]q-Zn-n DZnv Xs {]Imiw hym]nn- p-tm Ahn- sS-bp Pohn-I-fpsS {]mWs\ Xs IncW--fm [cn-p-p. AXm-bXv Ah-bpsS Poh\ in

8. hniz-cq]w lcnWw PmX-th-Zkw

]cm-bWw tPymXn-tcIw X]w
kl-{k-civanx iX[m h-am\x
{]mWx {]Pm-\ m-ap-Z-b-tXyj kqcyx.
Cu IncW Pme- - f m aWv U n- X hpw {]Im- i ]qhpw X]n-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xp-amb kqcy hnizns kakvX cq]--fp-tSbpw tI{-am-sWv AXns
XXzw Adn-bp--h ]d-bp-p. Fm cq]-fpw (\n-dhpw
BIr-Xn-bpw) kqcy-\n\npw D-hn-p-Ibpw {]Im-inp-Ibpw sNp-p. Cu kqcyXs AJn-e-n-tbpw
D]-n-m-\hpw Poh tPymXn-ns aqe-t{km-Xpw
BIp-p. CXp k-hpw km-[m-chpw BIp-p.
sshizm-\-cm-KX
v \n {]mW-i-n-bpsS cq]-n Fm-bnSpw hym]n-n-cn-p-Ibpw Fm-n-t\bpw hln-p-sImn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. kakvX PK-n- tbpw {]mWcq]w kqcy Xs-bm-Wv. CXn\p Xpey-ambn Cu PKn ap bmsXmcp Poh-\-i-nbpw C. Cu kl-{k-Inc- W-\mb kqcy \psS Fm {]h-\-- fp-tSbpw XpSw-Ip-dn-p-sImv DZn-p-p. {]]--n NqSpw {]Imihpw ]c-p-I, AJn- e-n\pw Poh- \- in {]Zm\w sNpI, EXp-sf ]cn-h-\-s-Sp-pI apX-embn \psS
AkwJyw Bh-iy-sf ]qo-Ic
- n-p-sImv Fm
krjvSn-I-fp-tSbpw Poh-Zm-Xm-hmb {]mWXs kqcys
cq]-n DZn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
kw_w k-i-n-am-\mb ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c-\n
\np-Xs At-l-ns kev]w hgn {]mW-tbpw
cbn-bp-tSbpw kwtbm-K-n\npw Cu {]]--ns
Dev]n apX-em-bh kw`-hnp Fv ImXym-b-\ I_n-bpsS tNmZy-n\p kwt-]a
- mbn Dcw ]d-p.
C\n Cu {]mW-i-n-bp-tSbpw cbn-i-n-bp-tSbpw kw_-

178

I -tm-Sp-IqSn ]c-ta-iz-cs\ D]m-kn-m-\p coXn-Ifpw

D]-cyp kIm-tam-]m-k-I-m-cn\npw `n-ambn

AXns ^e-fpw ]d- bp- - Xn- \p- thn ASp {]I-cWw Ieym-W-Im-an-I-fm-bn-p km[-I-m Cu kmwkm-cn-I-t`mBcw-`n-pp
K--fpsS A\n-Xy-X- tbbpw ZpxJ-kz-cq-]-tbpw a\-n-emn-bnv Ah-bn \npw XnIpw hnc--cm-bn-o-cp-p.
9. kwh- tcm ssh {]Pm- ] - X n- k v X - k ym- b t\
Ah {i-tbm-Sp-IqSn XymK-a-ba
- mb PohnXw \bn-pZnWw tNmcw N. XtZy l ssh XZn-jvSmIbpw Bym-nI hnZy-h-gn-bm-bn, AXm-bXv ]c-am-]qt IrX- an-X yp-] m- k tX tX Nm{- a- k - tah
{]m]vXn e`y-am-p--Xn-\\
- p-Iq-e-amb GsX-nepw km[\temI-a-`n-P-b-t. X Gh ]p\-cm-ht Xkvamh-gn-bm-bn, AJn-e-n-tbpw B-kz-cq-]a
- mb ]c-{_-tZX Ejbx {]Pm-Imam ZnWw {]Xn-]-Zyt Gj
]p-cp-tjm- -as\ \njvm-a- ambn D]m-kn-p-p. CXp kwhl ssh cbnbx ]nXr-bm-Wx.
-c-cq-]-am-Ip {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS D-cmw- K-ns D]m-kCu a{-n kwh--cs ]c-am-m-hns {]Xo- \-X-s-bm-Ip-p. CXns\ Cutimhm-tkym-]-\n-j
- n
I- am-n- bnv AXns AwK-cq- ]-c-bn- m- \ob t`mKy-]-Zm- kw`q-Xn-bpsS D]m-k-\s
- bp ]d-n-cn-p-p. CXns
-fpsS Dt-i-tm-Sp-IqSn \S--s-Sp D]m-k-\bpw D]m-k -I D-cm-b -W -am- nqSn kqcy-tem-I AXns ^ehpw ]d-bp-p. `mhw Fs-m, ]{-p- nsNp kqcys B-kz-cq-]-amb ]c-{_--]-c-ta-izam-k--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb kwh--c-cq-]-am-Ip Imew Xs. cs\ {]m]n-p-p. kakvX PK-n-tbpw {]mW-tI{w
krjvSn-bpsS kzman-bmb ]c-ta-iz-cs kzcq-]-am-Ip-p. Cu kqcyX-s- bm-Ip-p. CXp-Xs Aa-c-Xzhpw AhnCXn\v cv Ab-\--fpv; Zn-Whpw D-c-hpw. Zn- \m-inbpw \n`-b-]-Zhpw BIpp; CXp-Xs ]c-a-K-Xn-bmWm-b-\
- nse Bdp amk--fn kqcy sXtm-mbn Ip-p. CXns\ {]m]n-p alm-m- aS-n-h-cp-n-.
AXns Zn-Wmw-K-sa--t]mse Id-p-p. D-cm-b-\- CXv ]q-P-s XS-bp BXy-n-I-{]-f-ba
- m-Wv. Cu
nse Bdp- am- k- AXns D- cmw-K-hp-am-Ip- p. Ah- a{-n kqcys\ ]c-ta-iz-cs kzcq-]-am-bw-Ko-I-cn-pbn D{XmwKw {]mW-\m-Ipp; AXv Cu hniz-ns sIm-p-Xs D]-cyp--a-lna ]d-bs
- -n-cn-p-p. CtX
B-kz-cq-]-amb B ]ctaizcs km-- cym-an-kz-cq-]- kwKXn Xs ASp a{-n Hp-IqSn kv]jvS-amam-W.v Zn- WmwKw cbn AXm-bXv AXns _mly-t`m-Ky- p-p.
kz-cq-]-am-Ip-p. Cu temI-n km-t\-Nvip--fmb
11. ]-]mZw ]nXcw ZzmZimIrXnw Znh Blpx ]tc
Ejn-I kzmZn kmwkm-cn-I-t`m-K--fn Bk--cm-bnAt ]pco-jn-Ww. AtXta A\y D ]tc hnNcn-p-p. Ah bm-Zn-I hgn-bmbn tZh-X-Isf ]qPnWw k]vXN
- t{I jUtc Blp-cn-Xa
- n-Xn.
p- I , {_m- W mZn t{ijv T mp [\m- Z n- I - f m
kmcw \S-p-I, ZpxJn- Xp tkh\w A\p-jvTn-pI
]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c s ZrjvSn-tKm-N-c-cq-]-amb Cu
apX-em-b- hbpw AXp- t]mse Ipfw, InW, ]qtm-w, Bip- kqcy\v Ap-]m-Z--fp-sv F{Xtbm XXz-th-m-
]-{Xn, A\m-Ym-eb
- w, ]pkvX-Im-ebw apX- embn temtIm-]- ]d-bp-p. AXm-bXv Bcp EXp--fn \npw tla-hpw
Im-c-{]-Z-- fmb Nnc-mbn kvamc-I- m]n-pI apX- inin-chpw Cu cv EXp-sf Hm-n-bnv ]-EX
- pemb [mn-I-Ir-Xy-sf X-fpsS DIrjv-S-I-hy- sf Ah Cu kqcys Ap-N-c-W--fmbn hnh-n-fm-bn--cp-Xp-p. X^-ea
- mbn Cu temI-nepw ]c- p- p. AXp-t]mse ]{- p-am-k-sf CXns ]{- mtem-I
- n-epap t`mK-sf Dt-inv Ch-bpsS D]m-k-\- Ir-Xn-If
- mbpw AXm-bXv ]{p ico-c-ambpw ]d-bp-p.
Isf A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. CXv B kwh--c-cq- CXns m\w kz-tem-I-nepw D-X-am-Ip-p. kz]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs Zn-Wmw-Ks Dt-inp D]m-k- temIw t]mepw CXns {]Im-iw- sImp tim`n- p-p. Cu
\-bm-Ip-p. CXn-s\-s Cuim-hm-tkym-]-\n- j-n temI- n hjn- -s -S p Pe- ns Dn
Akw-`q-Xn-bpsS D]m-k\m \ma-n tZhI, ]nXr-, CXn\n-p-X-s- bm-Ip-p. AXn-\m AJn-e-n\pw Pea\p-jy BZn-bmb ico-c- -fpsS tkh-ambn ]d-bs
- -n-cn- cq- ]-Po-h {]Zm\w sNp- -Xp-sImv CXv Fmhcp-tSbpw
p-p. CXns {]`m-h-m Ah N{-temIw {]m]n-p- ]nXm-hm-bn-cn-p-p. ap m\n-I-fm-bp--h ]d-bp--X,v
Ibpw AhnsS Ah X- fpsS I-^-e
- A\p-`h
- n- Nphp a apX-embn k]vX-h-In-c-W-bp-hpw XYm
np hopw Cu temI-n-tep Xncn-p-h-cn-Ibpw sNp- hk-m-Zn-I-fmb Bdv EXp--fp-tSbpw tlXp `qX-hp-amb
p. CXp Xs ]nXr-bm-W-amw BIp-p.
Cu hnip--{]-Im-i-a-ba
- mb kqcy-a-WvU-e-n Ggp
N{I-fpw Bdv Bc-m-ep-If
- p-ap cY-n nXn10. AtYm--tcyW X]km {_-N-tcyW {i
sN-p-p. CXns B kzcq] Fm-hpw \m-b-dnbm hnZymbmm\-a-\zn-jym-Zn-Xy-a-`n-P-b-t. GX- bm-hp k--\mb ]c-ta-iz-c, Xs D]m-ky-\m-IpssZz-{]m-Wm-\m-am-b-X-\-ta-XZ- -ar-X-a-`b
- -ta-XXv ]cm-b- p. \psS qe-t\-{X-v ImW-s-Sp kqcy-aW-ta-X-kvam ]p\-cm-h CtXyj \ntcm-[- WvUew AXns ico-c-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m CXv AXns
kvXt- Zj tmIx.
Xs-bmb aln-a-bm-Ip-p.

179

I 12. amtkm ssh {]Pm-]-Xn-kvXky IrjvW-]

Gh-cbnx ipIvfx {]mW-kvX-kvam-tZX Ejbx ip
CjvSw Iph-o-Xc CX-c-kvan.
Cu a{-n amk-p {]Pm-]Xn ]c-ta-iz-cs
cq]w sImSp-np I- hgn AXns\ D]m-kn-p-Xn\p clkyw ]d-b-s-n- cn-p-p. Hmtcm amkhpw {]Pm]-Xn-sb-tmse Fp `mhn-p-p. AXn IrjvW-]-nse ]Xn-\- p-Zn-h-k- B ]c-am-m-hns Zn-WmwK- am-Wv. CXn- s\- Xn-cmbn (q-e-`q-XkapZm-b-ns ImcWw
Fp a\-n-em--Ww. CXv B ]c-ta-iz-cs in- kz-cq]-amb t`mK-ab cq]-am-Ip-p. C\n ip-]--nse ]Xn\p Znh-k- D-cmw-K-am-Wv. CXp-Xs {]mW-\m-Ipp. Fm-n\pw Poh{]-Zm\w sNp ]c-am-m-hns
km--cy-an-bmb Ejn-bm-bn-c n- p- pthm AXm-b Xv
bmsXmcp cbn m\ob t`mK-hk
- vXp--fn\npw
hnc--\m-bnv {]mW-m-\ob km cq]-amb ]c-{_s B{K- ln- p- pthm Ah Xs kakvX ip`- Isf ip-]--n A\p-jT
v n-pp; AXm-bXv ip-]- m-\o-b-\mb {]mWm-[mc ]c-{_--]-c-ta-iz-c -\mbn
AWw sNp-p. kzbw AXns bmsXm-cp-^-ehpw
Cn-p-n-. Ch-bn\npw hn`n--ambn t`mKm-k--cmbn-p--h IrjvW-]n AXm-bXv IrjvW]
m\o-b-amb qe-]-Zm--fpsS {]m]vXn-p-thn
Fm-hn[ I-fpw A\p-jT
v n-p-p.

]I kv{XokwKw \S-m-Xn-cn-p--Xn\pw hnln-X-amb

cm{Xn-Im-e
- -fn imkv{Xm-\p-k-cWw \nb-an- Xhpw kwban-Xhpw Bb cq]-n km-t\m-ev]m-Z-t\--tbm-Sp-IqSn
am{Xw kv{Xo kl-hmkw sNp--Xn\pw D]-tZ-in--s-ncn-p-p. Atm Ah\p {_-Nm-cn-I-fpsS KW-\-bn
hcp-hm Ign-bp-p.

14. Aw ssh {]Pm-]-Xn-kvXtXm l ssh Xt{ZX

kvXkvam-Znax {]Pmx {]Pm-b CXn.
Cu a{-n As (`--Ww) {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS
cq]-n hn`m-h\w sNbvXnv AXns aln- asb ]d-bpp
AJne Poh-Pm-e--fp-tSbpw Blm-c-cq-]a
- mb Aw
Xs {] Pm- ] - X n - b m- I p- p. F p- s Im- s - m
CXn\npw hocy-ap-m-Ip-Ibpw B hocy-n\npw
kakvX Pohn-Ifpw D-hn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Cm-c-Wm Cu A- tbpw {]Pm-]-Xn-sbp KWn-p-p.
kw_w C\n t\cs ]d-n-p cp {]Im-c-fn-ep-ap km[-I
- m-scbpw tbmPnnp {]tXyIw
{]tXyIw ^e-sf hn-pp

15. XtZy l ssh XXv{]-Pm-]-Xn-{hXw cNn tX

anYp-\-ap-Xv]m-Z-b-t. tXjm-ta-sshj {_-tem-tImtbjmw Xt]m {_-Ncyw tbjp kXyw {]Xn-jvTnXw.

bmsXm-cp- km-t\mn cq]-amb {]Pm]XnbpsS {hXw A\p-jT

v n-p-pthm AXm-bXv kzm-Zntem-I--fnse t`mK- {]m- Xn- p- thn imkv{X-hn-ln-X- -fmb
I-sf BN-cn-p-sImv \nb-am-\p-krXw kv{XokwKw
apX-emb t`mK-sf D]-t`m-Kn-p-p-hthm Ah ]p{Xmtcbpw ]p{Xn-I-tfbpw Dev]m-Zn-np {]P-Isf hn-nCu a{-n cm{Xn-bp-tSbpw ]I-en-tbpw cq]-amb
p-p. bmsXm-cp- CXn\npw `n-\m-bn-cn-pCcp-]- n- \mep aWn-q Ime- cq- ]-n ]c-ta-iz-cs cq]pthm bmsXm-cp--\n {_-N-cyhpw X]pw \nd-nI-ev]\ \S-n-bnv Poh-t\m-]-tbm-Kn-bmb I--fpsS
cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cp-s PohnXw kXy-a-bhpw XYm
clkyw {Kln---s-Sp-p. Cu cmhpw ]Iepw IqSn-t-cpkXy-kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Xs lrZ-b-n \nXy
Xp ]c-ta-iz-cs ]q-cq-]-sa-mWp `mhw. Znhkw
hpw nX- \mbn Ip-sIm-n-cn-p-pthm Ah-\p-am{Xw
AJn-e-n\pw Poh {]Zm-\w-sN-p At-l-ns B {_-temIw (]-c- a-]-Zw, ]c-a- K-Xn) e`n-pp; ampw
{]Im-i-ab hnip--cq-]hpw cm{Xn t`mK-cq-]-amb cbnbpw e`n- p-n-.
BIp-p. AXp-Im-cWw bmsXm-cp- ]Ik-abw
kv{XokwKw sNp- pthm AXm-b Xv ]c-a m- m-hns 16. tXjm-aku hnctPm {_-temtIm \ tbjp
hnip kzcq-]s {]m]n-p--Xn-\p C-tbmSp IqSn Pn-a-\rXw \ ambm tNXn.
{]Im-i-a-b-amb am-nqSn Nen-p-hm Bcw-`nbmsXm-cp--\n IpSn-eX eh-teiw t]mep-an-m-Xn-cnnpw kv{XokwKw apX-emb t`mK-hn-em-k--fn Bk-- p-pthm bmsXm-cp- kz]v\-nt]mepw anYym-`m\m-bn-cn-p-pthm Ah Xs ey-n-se-msX Cu jWw sNm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw Ak-Xy-a-b-amb BN-c-W-Aaqey Pohn-X t hy-ambn \jvS-s -S p-p-p. fn \nv AI-p-\np-Ibpw sNp-pthm bmsXm-cpCXn\npw `n-ambn bmsXm-cp- kmwkm-cn-Ia
- mb -\n cmK-tZz-jm-Zn-hn-Imc kYm Cm-Xn-cn-pDXn B{K-ln- p-pthm Ah imkv{X \nb-aa\pk- cnv pthm bmsXm-cp- Fm-{]-Im-c-n-ep-ap h-\,
EXp- I m- e - n cm{Xn- k - a bw \nb- a m- \ p- k r- X - a mbn Im]Syw XpSnb-h-bn \np cln-X-\m-bn-cn-p-pthm
kv{XokwKw \S-pp Fn Ah imkv{X-ns Ah-\p-am{Xw B hnIm-c-c-ln-X-amb {_-temIw e`n-pB-I ]men-p--Xp-sImv {_-Nm-cnp Xpey-\m- p. CXn\p hn]-co-X-amb e-W--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hv
bn-o-cp-p. Cu a{-n Krl--m Hcn-epw AXp e`n-p-n-.

13. Atlm-cmt{Xm ssh {]Pm-]-Xn-kvXk

- ym-l -tch
{]mtWm cm{Xn-tch cbnx {]mWw hm GtX {]kv-ntb Znhm cXym kwbp-Pyt {_-N-cy-tah
XZzm-{Zm{Xu cXym kwPy-t.

180

I ZznXo-b -{]iv\w
1. AY ssl\w `mthm sshZ`nx ]{]-. `Kh ItXyh tZhmx {]Pmw hn[m-c -b t IXc
GXXv {]Im-i-bt Ix ]p\-tcjmw hcnjvT CXn.
Cu a{-n `m-h-a-ljn ]n-em-Zt- \mSv aqp
kwK-Xn-I tNmZn-p-p. 1. Poho-I-fpsS ico-cs hlnp-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv BsI F{X tZh-X-I-fmWv? 2. Ahbn GsXmw CXns\ {]Im-in-n-pp? 3. Chcn
AXyw t{ijvT-\m-bn-p-Xv Bcv?

4. tkm`nam- \ -Zq[z-a p-X v{I-aX Ch Xkvan- pXv

{Ima-Xy-tY-Xtc kh Gthm-Xv{Im-at Xkvanw
{]Xn-j vT-a mt\ k Gh {]mXn-jvT-t. XZyYm
anIm a[p-I-c-cm-Pm-\-ap-Xv{Im-aw khm GthmXv{Im-a Xkva nw {]Xn-jvT -amt\ khm Gh
{]mXn-jvT Ghw hmMva-\-px t{im{Xw N tX
{]oXmx {]mWw kvXp\z-n.

Atm Ahsc Xs {]`mhw ImWnv HXp-p--Xn\p- thn k- t{i- jvT-\mb {]mW A`n- am-\-n\p apdnhp
Xn-b-Xp-sImv cpjvS-\mbn ico-c-n \npw shfn-bn
2. Xkv s sa k tlmhm-N m- I mtim l hm Gj t]mIp--Xn\p apIfnte-bvp-b-cp-hm XpS-n. Fm-tZ-htZthm hmbp-c - n-c m]x ]rYznho hmMva -\-px X-Ifpw hnh-i-cmbn {]mW-t\m-sSmp she-bn-tev Cdt{im{Xw N, tX {]Im-iy-`n-h-Zn hb-ta-XZ- v_m-W- p- hm-\m-cw- `n-p. Hn\pw nc- ambn \ne- \n-evp-hm Igna-hjvS`y hn[m-c-bmax.
n-. {]mW kzm-\v nc-ambn \n-tm apC{]-Im-c-ap `m-hs tNmZy-n\p aljn-]n--em- -hpw nc-ambn \np-hm Ign-p. tX\o--IZ adp-]Sn ]d-p. ChnsS cp {]iv\-fpsS Dcw fpsS cmn kzm\w hnp ]d- p-t]m- Iptm ap tX\oHm-bn-sIm-Sp-p-p. Atlw ]dpx AJn-e-n-tbpw Ifpw ]dp t]mIp-Ibpw Xncnp hn-cn-p-tm apB[mcw BIm-i-cq-]-am-I tZh-\m-Wv. AXn\npw - h bpw hn- c n- p- I bpw sNp- -X p-t]m-s e-b p
DXv`hn hmbp, An, Pew, ]rYzn Cu \mep alm-`q-X- Ah Cu tZh-X-Ipw kw`-hn-p. CXp-Ip hmWn,
fpw ico-cs hln-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Cu qe-i- Npv, t{im{Xw BZn-bmb Fm C{n-b-pw a\v
cocw Ch-bn\n-p-m-bn-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXn-\m Ch apX-emb Ax-I-c-W-pw X- fn Ghpw t{ijvT
[mc-I-tZ- h-X-I- fm-bn- cn-p-p. hmWn apX-emb Ap-It- {]mW-\m-sWp hnizmkw hp. AXn-\m Ah-scmw
- n {]mWs\ kvXpXn-p-hm
{n-b-fpw t\{Xw, t{im{Xw BZn-bmb Ap mt\- {]k--cmbn hnhn-[-co-Xn-If
XpS
n.
{n-b-fpw AXp-t]mse a\v XpS-n-bmb \me-x-Ic
- W-fpw Cu ]Xn-\mep tZh-X-I ico-cs {]Im-in-n- kw_w {]mW-s\- s ]c-{_ ]c-ta- iz- cs kzcqp--h-cm-Ip-p. Cu tZh-X-I ico-cs hln-p-Ibpw ]-sap IcpXn D]m-kn-p--Xn\v AXns km cq]{]Im-in-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. CXp-sImv Ch [mc-I- tm-Sp-Iq-Snb al-Xzs hnh-cn-p-p.
mcpw {]Im-i-I-m-cp-amb tZh-XI Fp hnfn--s-Sp5 . G tj m Kv\ n k vX ] - t X yj k qc y G j
p. Ch Cu tZls {]Im-in-n-p-sImv ]c-k]
v cw
]t\ym aL-hm-t\jp hmbpx
Ie-ln-p-I-bpw. ""\mw Cu ico-c
- n\v B{ibw \In
\ne-\npp'' Fv Al-m-c-]qw ]c-kv]cw ]d-bp- Gj ]rYzn-h-c-bnthx kZ-k-m-arXw N bXv.
Ibpw sNp-p.
hmWn apX-emb Fm tZh-XIfpw kvXpXn-p-sImp
]dp Cu {]mWXs An-cq]w [cnp Pzen-pp. CXp-Xs kqcy-\m-Ip-p. CXp-Xs taLhpw; CXpXs C{\pw hmbphpw; CXp-Xs tZh\pw ]rYznbpw
cbnbpw (`q-X -k-ap-Zm-bw) BIp-p. AXp-t]m-se-Xs
C{]- Imcw kq alm-`q- X- , C{n- b-fpw Ax- kpw Akpw BIp-p. Ch-sb-m-nepw t{ijvTI-c-W-cq-]h
- p-amb tZh-X-I ]c-kv]cw hmZ-{]-Xn-hmZw \S- \mb Aa-c-kz-cq-] ]c-am-mhpw Cu {]mWX-s-bmn-b -tm, k-t{i-jvT -\ mb {]mW Ah-tcmSp Ip-p.
]dp ""\n Adn-hn-m- - h- tc- tmse C{]-Imcw hmZ{]- Xn-hmZw \S-m-Xn- cn-q. \n Bcnepw Cu ico- cs 6. Acm Ch cY-\m`u {]mtW khw {]Xn-jvTnXw!
hln-p--Xnt\m kpc-n-X-ambn \ne \np--Xnt\m EtNm bPpwjn kmam\n bx-{Xw {_ N.
D in-bn-. Rm Fss ({]m-W, A]m-\,
F{]-Imcw cY-N-{I-ns IpS-n LSn-n-n-cn-p
kam-\, hym\, DZm-\) Ambn hn`-Pnv B{ibw
Imep-I B IpS-s-s B{i-bn-n-cn-p-pthm
\In CXns\ hln-p-sIm-n-cn-pp; Fms
A{]-Imcw Xs EtKz- Zw, bPpthZw Ch- bnse Fm a{CXv kpc-n-X -ambn \ne-\np-p.'' {]mWs Cu
fpw kma-thZw apgp-h\pw Ah hgn-bmbn \S--s-Sp
hmpI tInv B tZh-X-I AXp hniz-kn-n-. Ah
bmZn ip`-I- fpw B I- \S-p {_mAhn-izm-knIfmbn-s Ign-p.
W, {Xn-b apX-emb A[n-Im-cn-h-fpw Ch-sbmw

3. Xmh-cnjvTx {]mW Dhm-N. am taml-am-]-ZyYm

lta-ssh-X -Xv ]-[mm\w {]hn-` -s sPy-X-Zv_ mW-a-hjvS`y hn[m-c-bm-aoXn tX{i[m\m _`phpx

181

I {]mWs B[m-c-n Dd-p-\np-p. Fm-n-tbpw

B{ibw {]mWX-s-bm-Ip-p.
kw_w C{]-Imcw {]mWs alXzw ]d-nv C\n
AXns\ kvXpXn-pp

7. {]Pm-]-Xn-c
- kn Kt` Xztah {]Xn-Pm-b-tk.
Xp`yw {]mW {]Pm-kvXznam _enw lcn bx
{]mssWx {]Xn-Xn-jvTkn

tl {]mW! kwkvm-c-c-ln-X- \m-bn-cp-npw k-t{ijvS-\mb Ejn-bm-Ip-p. \o kzm`m-hn-I-ambn ip Xs.

AXn-\m \n\pw kwkvm-cw-h-gn-bm-bp ipn-bpsS
Bh-iyta C. {]XypX \o Xs AJn- e-tbpw ]hn-{XoI-cn- p GI- am-{X\pw k- t{i- jvT- \p- amb aljn Fp
Xm-cyw. R (Fm C{n-b- a\v XpS-n-b-h)
\n\-m-bn-smv \m\m-{]-Im-c-n-ep t`mPy-]-Zm AWw sNp--hcpw \o Ahsb `pPn-p--h\pw
BIp-p. \o Xs AJne {_m-WU
v -n-tbpw D-a\mb kzman. BIm-i-Nm-cnbpw ka-jvSn-hm-bp-hk
- z-cq-]-\pamb {]mW, \o R-fpsS ]nXm- hm- Ip- p. Fp-sIm-sm \nn\n-p-Xs R-sfmw D-hn-n-cn-p-p.

tl {]mW, \o Xs {]Pm-]Xn (Po-hn-I-fpsS Cuizc) BIp-p. K`-n {]th-inv amXm-]n-Xm--\pcq-]-amb km-\-cq-]-n P-sa-Sp-p-Xpw \o Xs.
Fm Pohn- Ifpw \n\-p- Xs ImgvN-k- an-p-p. \ns
Xr]vXn-p-th-n-s `Ww Ign-pp Fp `mhn- 12. bm tX X\qhmNn {]Xn-jvTnXm bm
t{imt{X bm N Npjn
p-p. \oXs A]m-\mZn Fm {]mWn-I-tfmSpw IqSn
Fm-h-c p-tSbpw ico-c -n nXn-sN-bvXp-sIm-n-cnbm N a\kn kXm inhmw Xmw
p-p.
Ipcp tamXv{Iaox

8. tZhm-\m-akn hn-Xax ]nXrWmw {]Y-am-kz-[m.

EjoWmw NcnXw kXy-a-YmMvKnc-km-a-kn.
tl {]mW, tZhIpthn lhnv Fn-p-sImSp- p D-a-amb An \o Xs-bm-Ip- p. ]nXrp BZy- {im- hpw \oX-s. AYmw- Kn-cp apXemb aljn-am-cm BN-cn-X-amb kXyhpw \oX-s-bmIp-p.

9. C{kvXzw {]mW tXPkm cpt{Zmkn

]cn-c- nXm
Xza--cnt Nckn kqcykvXzw
tPymXn-jmw-] -X n.
tl {]mW! \o Fm hn[-n-epap tXP-tm-Sp-IqSnb (i-n) {XntemI kzman-bmb C{-\m-Ip-p. \o Xs
{]f-b-Im-e-n Fmnt\bpw kwl-cn-p cp{Z\pw
Fm-n- t\bpw bYm-tbmKyw kwc-n-p--h\pw BIp-p.
A-co- -n hnl-cn-p hmbphpw AXp-t]mse
An, N{, \-{X- apX-emb tPymXnK-W--fpsS
kzman-bmb kqcy\pw \oX- s-bm-Ip-p.

10. bZm Xza-`n-hjkytYamx {]mW tX {]Pmx

B\- -cq-]m-kvXn-j vTn Imam-bm- w-`-hn-jy-Xo-Xn.
tl {]mW! \o taL-cq-]-ambn ]rYzn-bn Fm-bnSpw ag-s]-n-p- tm \ns Cu {]P-I- sfmw ""\psS
Pohn-X-\n-l-W-n\p [mcmfw [m\yw Dev]
- -amIpw''
Fp Bi-bn B\ \na--cm-bn-o-cp-p.

11. {hmXykvXzw {]mssW-Ijn-cm

hnizky kXv]Xnx
hb-am-Zyky ZmXm-cx-]n-XmXzw amX-cniz \x

tl {]mW! \ns bmsXmcp kzcq]w hmWn, t{im{Xw,

Npv apX-emb ka-kvtX-{nbfnepw a\v apX-emb
Ax-I-c-W--fpsS hrn-I-fnepw hym]n-n-cn-p-pthm
AXns\ \o awK-f-a-b-am-n-ot-W-ta. AXm-bXv \nn bmsXmv Rp {im-e p--fm-bn-cn- p-h m
Bthiw \Intbm AXns\ \o im- am-n-bm-epw. \o
ico-c
- n \npw Dbp shfn-bn t]mIm-Xn-cn-q.
CXp R-fpsS {]m-\-bm-Ip-p.

13. {]mW-tkyZw hti khw {XnZnth

bXv{]-Xn-j vTnXw
amtXh ]p{Xm ckz {io {]mw
N hnt[ ln \ CXn.
F{Xtbm hkvXp- kz- nepw `qan- bnepw kv]jvSambn ImW-s-Sp-p. Ah-sb-mw-Xs Cu Pohn-I[o- \-am-bn- cn-p-p. CsXmw Nnnv C{mZn tZh- m Ahkm\w {]mW-t\mSp {]mn-pp ""tl {]mW, Hcp
amXmhp Xs Ipns\ F{]-Imcw kwc-n-ppthm
AtX-{]-Imcw \o Rsf cn-p-Ibpw Rv
sFiz-cyhpw Imnbpw AXm-bXv {]h-\-i-nbpw
m\hpw {]Zm\w sNp-Ibpw sN-tW.
C{]-Imcw Cu {]I-c-W-n `mh aljn-bpsS
aqp tNmZy- pw adp-] -Sn-b mbn ]n-em-Z-a-ljn
kakvX Pohn-Ipw ico-c-pw kzmyw \In
B-c-ambpw _mly-ambpw \ne-\np-Xv BIm-i-X-Xzam-Ipp F Imcyw Ahsc {Kln-n- p. AtXm-Sp- IqSn icocm-hbhsf ]qo-I-cn-p-Xp hmbp, An, Pew,
`qan Fn-s\ \mep XXz-- fm-Ip-p. ]v C{n- b-fpw
Ax- I - c -W hpw Cu XXz- v {]Imiw \In
{]h\ k-am- p-- h-bm- W.v Ch-bn-semw t{ijvSbam-bn-p-Xp {]mW BIp- p. AXn-\m {]mW Xs

182

I hmkvX-h
- n Cu ico-cs hln-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.

{]mW ]c-am-m-hn \npw D-hn-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. B

{]mW- s\- q- SmsX Cu ico-cs hln-p--Xn-\p in ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cXs D]m-Zm-\-Im-c-Whpw Ah
asm-n\pw Xs-bn-. asm C{n-bm-Zn-I-fnepw CXns Xs CXns cN-bn-Xmhpw BIp-p. AXn-\m CXns
Xs in A\p-kyqXw {]h-ln-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. nXn B alm-m-hmb ]c-ta-iz-c\v A[o-\-am-Ip-p. a\pCXns Xs in e`n-nv Ah ico-cs hln-p-sIm- jys Omb Ah--[o-\-am-bn-cn-p--Xp-t]m-se-X-s- bmn-cn-p- p.
Wn-Xv. CXm-Ipp BZys {]iv\ns D-cw. C\n
cm-as tNmZy-ns Dcw a\-p-hgn kw`-hnp k-e]
v -n\npw {]mW ico-c-n {]th-inXrXo- b -{]iv\ w
p-p. acn-p kabw Pohn-I-fpsS a\-n AXns
1. AY ssl\w Iuk-eymizem-b\x ]{] `K- I-a-\p-k-cn-p Fsmw k-ev]--fptm Ah\v
h IpX Gj {]mtWm PmbtX IY- am- b m-X y- A-s \-X -s -b p icocw e`n- p- p. AXn-\ m
- n-te-p {]th-i\w a\-ns kkvan icoc Bm\w hm {]hn-`Py IYw {]mXn- {]mWs ico-c
ev
]

n\n
p
m-Ip-p.
jvTtX tIt\m-Xv{I-atX IYw _mly-a-`n-[t IYa-ym- -an-X n.
kw_w C\n Biz-em-b-\s aqm-as tNmZy-nCu a{- n Biz- em-b\ ap\n ]n-em-Z-a-ljn- tbmSv \p adp-]Sn Bcw-`n-p-p.
BsI Bdp kwK-Xn-I tNmZn-p-p.
1. Ap hn {]mW Bcn\npw D- hnp? 2. AXv
Cu a\p-jy-i-co-c-n Fs\ {]th-in-pp? 3. Xms\ hn`-Pn--sv F{]-Imcw ico-c-n nXn-sNpp? 4. Hcp ico-cs Dt]-n-np asmcp ico-c-ntep t]mIp kabw BZy-ic
- o-c-n \npw F{]Imcw ]pd- s-Spp? 5. Cu _mly (]m`uXn- I) PK- ns\
F{]-Imcw hln-pp? 6. a\v C{n-b
- , apX-em-bh
Bymn (B--cn-I) PK-ns\ F{]-Imcw hln-pp?
ChnsS {]mWs hnj-b
- n, BZyw sImSp adp-]-Snbn hcm D-c--fpsS tNmZy--fmWp tNmZn-n-cn-p- Xv. Ah BZys Dc tIp {]k-- cm-bn-cp-p.
AXn-\m tNmtZym- -c-th- f-bn kptI-imZn Bdp aljnamcpw Hn-n-cp-n-cpp Fp kv]jvS-am-Ip-p.

2. Xkvssa k tlmhm-Nm-Xn-{]-iv\m ]rkn

{_njvtTmkoXn Xkvatlw {_ho-an.
Cu a{-n ]n-emZ aljn Biz-em-b-\s
tNmZyw ITn-\-am-sWp ]dbp-Ibpw At-l-ns _pna--tbbpw X-io-e-tbpw {]iw-kn-p-Ibpw sNpp. AtXm-Sp-IqSn ""\o tNmZn coXn Inv AXn\p adp]Sn Xtc--bm-hi
- y-hp-an-. Fm \o X _pn-tbmSp-Iq-Sn-b tNmZn-s
- Xp Rm a\-n-em- p-p. \o
{imephpw thZ--fn \njvWm-X\pw BIp-p. AXn\m Rm \ns tNmZy-p adp-]Sn ]d-bmw.'' F
`mhhpw {]I-Sn-n-p-p.

3. B\ Gj {]mtWm PmbtX bssYjm

]pcptj Omssb-X-kvan-t-XZ- m-XXw at\m-Ir-tX-\mbm-Xy-kvan ico-tc.
ChnsS aljn ]n-em- Z Biz-em- b- \s cp tNmZyp {Ia-{]-Imcw adp-]Sn ]d-bp-p. bmsXm-ns {]IcWw \S-p-sIm-n-cn-p-pthm B k-t{i-jSv -\mb

4. bYm k{am-tU-hm-[n-Ir-Xm
\nbpMvt GXm {Kmam-t\-Xm{Km-am-\-[n
XnjvT-tkz-tXy-h-ta-sshj {]mW CXcm
{]mWm ]rYIv ]rY-tKh kn-[-t.
ChnsS aljn DZm-l-c-W-k-lnXw aqm-as {]iv\n\p adp-]Sn ]d-bpp F{]-Imcw `qa-WvU-e-ns
N{I-hn-am {Kma- pw \K-c-pw P\-] -Zpw {]tXyIw {]tXy-Ia
- mbn A[n-Im-cn-Isf \nb-anp-pthm Ah-bpsS A[n-Im-c- hoXn-p-sIm-Sp-ppthm AtX-{ ]-I m-c w-X s Cu k-t {i-j vT -\ mb
{]mW\pw kzw AwK-cq-]-amb A]m-\, hym\ apXemb ap {]mW-\p-Isf ico-c-ns {]tXyIw {]tXyIw
`mK--fn {]tXyIw {]tXyIw Imcy-mbn \ntbmKn- p- p.
kw_w C\n apJy-{]m-W, A]m-\, kam-\ Ch
aqn-sbpw hmk-m- \hpw {]hr-n- Ifpw hnh-cn-p-p.

5. ]mbq- ] t]m\w Npx- t {imt{X apJ-\ mknIm`ymw {]mWx kzbw {]mXn-jvTtX at[y Xp
kam-\x. Gj tlyX-p-X-aw kaw \bXn XkvamtZXmx k]vXmntjm `h-n.
CXp kzbw apJpw \mkm-Zzm-c
- nepw IqSn kcnv t\{X--fnepw t{im{X--fnepw nXn-sN-p-Ibpw
AXp-t]mse KpZ-nepw D]--nepw A]m- \s\ m]np-Ibpw sNp- p. AXns tPmen-I ae-aq-{X-sf icoc-n\npw ]pd-t-bvpXpIbpw cP-v, hocyw,
K`w Chsb shfn- bn-tebvp Xn-hn-Sp-Ib
- p-am-Wv. icoc-ns a[y-`m-K-v, \m`n-bn, kam-\s\ m]n-p-p.
Cu kam-\-hm-bp-hn-s\-s {]mW-cq-]-am-Ip Anbn lh\w sNbvXp- sImv DZ- c- n hp hogp As, AXm-bXp kmcmw-is ico-c-ns Fm AwK{]-Xyw-K--fn bYm-tbmKyw ka-`m-h
- n Fn-p-sIm-

183

I Sp-p-p. B A-ns kmc-`q-X-amb ck-n \npw

Xs Cu ico- c-n Ggp Pzme- I AXm- bXv Fm hnjb--tfbpw {]Im-in-n-p cp t\{X-. cp sNhnI, cp \mkm-Zzm-c
- -, Hcp apJw (c-k-\) Cu Ggp
Zzmc- D--am-bn-cn-p-p. B ck-n \npw
]pjvSn {]m]n-nv Ch Xmm- - fpsS {]hr-n-I kaambn sNp-p.
kw_w C\n hym\s KXn hn-pp

6. l rZn tl yj B m A ss {X - X - t Z- I - i X w
\mUo\mw Xmkmw iXw iX-ta-ssI-Ikymw Zzmk]vX -XnZzm-k-]vXXnx {]Xn-i m-Jm-\m-Uo-k-l-{kmWn
`h-ymkp hym\- -c-Xn.
Cu ico-c
- n Po-hm-m-hns \nhmk m\-amb
lrZ-b-n Hcp-\qdp {][m\ \mUn-Ifpw Ah-bn Hmtcm
\mUn-Ipw \qdp-hoXw imJm \mUn-Ifpw Ah-bn
Hmtcm \mUn-Ipw \qdphoXw imJm \mUn-Ifpw Dv.
Cu Hmtcm imJm-\m-Unpw Fgp-]-o-cm-bncw {]Xn-imJm
\mUn-Ifpw Dv. C{]-Imcw ico-c-n BsI Fgp-]-nc- p-tImSn \mUn-I-fp-- Xn Fmw Cu hym\-hmbp kcn- p-sIm-n-cn-p- p.

(Hcp ico-c-n\npw ]pd-sv apJy {]mW DZm-\t\bpw Iqn AXp- hgn ap ico- c-n-tebvp t]mIptm
Xs AwK-`q-X-amb kam-\mZn {]mW--tfbpw C{n-bw,
a\v Ch-tbbpw Iqn-sm-p-t]m-Ip-p. Ch-sb-m-ntbpw kzman-bmb Pohm- mhpw AXn-t\m- Sp- Iq- Sn- tm-Ip-p.
Cu Imcyw ChnsS ]d-tb--Xp-v.)
kw_w C\n cp a{--fn-embn Bizemb\s
Apw Bdpw tNmZy--fpsS Dcw sImSp-p-sImv
Pohm- mhp {]mtW-{n-b --tfm-S p-I qSnb Hcp ico-c n\npw asmcp ico-c-n-tep t]mIp-Xp kw_- amb Imcyw kv]jvS-am-p-p.

8. BZntXym l ssh _mlyx {]mW DZ-tXyj tly

\w Nmpjw {]mW-a-\p-{K-lvWm\x ]rYznhyw bm
tZh Xmsskjm ]pcp,-kym-]m-\a
- -h-jvS-`ym-cm bZmImix k kamt\m hmbhym-\x.

kqcy Xs Fm- n- tbpw _mly- {]m- W

BIpp Fv ]q-ambn {Kln--Ww. Cu apJy-{]m-W
kqcy-cq-]-n DZnv ico-c-ns AwK-{]-Xyw-K-sf
]pjvSn-s-Sp-p-Ibpw t\t{X-{n-b
- sf A\p-{K-ln-pIbpw sNp-p. AXn\v ImgvNi
- n AYhm {]Imiw
\Ip-p. ]rYzn-bnep tZhX AXm-bXv A]m\ hmbpkw_w C\n DZm-\-hm-bp-hns m\hpw {]hhns in AXv a\p-jy-cpsS Dn hkn-p A]m-\\-fpw ]d-bp--tXm-Sp-IqSn Biz-em-b-\sd \mem-as
hm-bp-hn\v B{ibw \Ip-p. Cu A]m-\-hm-bp-hns
tNmZyns D-chpw \I-s-Spp
in KpZpw, Kp]vt\-{n-b- Chsb klm-bn-p-Ibpw
7. AssY- I - tbm[z DZzm\x ]ptWy\ ]pWyw Ch-bpsS _mly-amb kvYqem-Im-cs hln-p-Ibpw
temIw \bXn ]mt]\ ]m]-ap-`m-Pym-tah a\p-jy- sNp-p. kz-n\pw `qanpw CS-p BImiw
tem-Iw.
Xs kam-\-hm-bp-hns _mly-kzcq-]-am-Ip-p. AXv Cu
apI-fn ]d-n-p Fgp-]-n-c-p-tImSn \mUn-I- ico- c-ns _mly-- fmb AwK- {]-Xyw-K-p hn{iaw
fn \npw `n-ambn asmcp \mUn-Iq-Sn-bp-v. AXns\ \In Ahsb ]c-c-n-p-Ibpw ico-c-n-\p-n-ep
kpjpav\ Fp ]d-bp-p. AXv lrZ-b-n\npw ]pd- kam-\-hm-bp-hn\v AXn k-cn-p--Xn\p kuIcyw
sp apI-fn akv X-I-n-te-bv p t]mIp- p. AXp- sImSp-p-Ibpw sNp-p. CXns klm-b-m Ihgnbmbn DZm-\-hmbp ico-c- ns apI `mK-tbvp p {ihn-p-hm Ign-bp-p. BIm-i-n Ncn-pk-cn-p-p. (C-{]-Imcw Aiz-em-b-\s aqm-as sIm-n-cn-p hmbp-Xs hym\-hm-bp-hns _mly-cq-]{]iv\ns kam-[m\w ]d-nv aljn ]n-em-Z am-Ip-p. AXv Cu ico-c-ns _mly-am-bp AwK-{]Abm-fpsS \mem-as {]iv\-ns Dcw kwt]- Xyw-K-sf {]h-\-k--am-n-op-Ibpw imn
am-bn--d-bp-p.) bmsXm-cp- ]pWy-i o-e-\m-bn- cn-p- {]Zm\w sNp-Ibpw sNpp; Dnse hym\-hm-bp-hns\
- nqSn \bn-p-Ibpw XzKn-{n-b-n\v kv]ipthm bmsXm-cp-s k--fpsS ^ew A\p-`- \mUn-If
hn-t ka-b- am-bn-cn-p- pthm Ahs\ Cu DZm\ hmbp- \-m\w Dm-p--Xn klm-bn-p-Ibpw sN-pp.
Xs ap {]mWn-I-tfmSpw C{n-b--tfmSpw IqSn h- 9. tXtPm l hm DZm-\ -kvXk
- vam-Zp-]-i m--tXPmx
am\ ico-c
- n\npw ]pd-sp ]pWy-tem-I-n ]p\`h an{n-ssba-\kn k-Zy-am-ss\x.
kzmZn D- X- tem-I--fn-tebvp sImp-t]m- Ip-p. ]m]kqcy-s bpw An-bp-s Sbpw _mly-amb tXPv
I--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb a\p-jysc iqIc IqI-cmZn ]m]-tbmDjvW-Xzw, AXp-Xs DZm-\-hm-bp-hns _mly-kz-cq-]w.
\n-If
- nepw cuc-hm-Zn-\n-c-I--fnepw sImp-t]m-Ip-Ibpw
AXp ico-c
- ns _mly-am-bp AwK-{]-Xyw-K-sf
AXp-t]mse bmsXm-cp- ]m]-]p-Wy-I--fpsS a{inXWp-n-p-hm A\p-hZ- n-p-n-. IqSmsX ico-c-ns
X-^ ew A\p-`h
- n-p--Xn\p A`n-ap-J-am-bn-cn-p-pthm
B- cn-tIm-ja
v m-hns\ nc- s-Spn \np-Ibpw sNpAhs\ a\p-jy-i-co-c-n-tebvv sImp-t]m-Ibpw sN
p. Hcp-s ico-c
- n \npw DZm-\-hmbp amdn--gnp-p.
m Ahs icocw NqSm-bn- cn-p-n-. AXn-\m ico-

184

I c-n\v NqSn-m-Xmbn AXn \nh-kn-p Pohm-mhv a\n hneo-\-ambn C{n-b-sf tNp-sImv DZm-\-hmbp-hn-t\m-Sp-IqSn ap ico-c-n-tep amdn-tm-Ip-p.
kw_w C\n Biz-em-b-\s \mem-as tNmZynse AXm-bXv {]mW Hcp ico-c-n \np ]pd-sv
ap ico-c
- ntem temI-ntem {]th-in-p Imcywhopw kv]jvS-am-p-p.

10. bn--kvtX-ss\j {]mW-am-bmXn {]mWkvtX

Pkm bpx klm-\m bYm-k--ev]nXw temIw
\b-Xn.
acn-p kabw Cu Bm-hn\v GsXmw k-ev]-fp-m-Ip-pthm AXns a\v An-a-\n-an-j-n
GXp `mh-\-I Nnn-n-cp-pthm B k-e]
v -tm-Sp-IqSnb a\-v, C{n-b
- sf Iqn-smv apJy {]mW-\n
nXn-sN-p-p. B apJy {]mW DZm-\-hm-bp-hp-am-bntv Xtm-sSmv a\pw C{n-b
- fpw Hn-p
Pohm- m- hns\ B Ana k-ev]-a-\p-k- cnv bYm-tbmKyw
`n `n temIfntem AYhm tbm\n-I-fntem B\-bnp-p. AXn-\m Xs a\- n \nc-cw `K- hms\ Nnnp-sIm-n-c n-p-Xv AXyw DNn-X-am-bn-c n-pw. ap
kev]- Hpw hcp-hm-\-\p-h-Zn--cp-X.v Fp-sIm-sm PohnXw Aev]hpw A\n-Xy-hp-am-Ip-p. A{]-Xo-nX- ambn Cu ico-c- ns Ayw Ftm kw`-hn-p-sav
Fs\ Adnbpw? B kabw `K-h-XvNn Dm- ImsX ap
k-ev]- BWp-m-Ip--sX-n km[m-c-W-t]mse
F]-n-\m-epew tbm\n-I-fn Ae-p-Xn-cn-tb-Xmbn hcp-p.
kw_w C\n {]mW-hn-j-b-Ia
- mb m\-ns
kmwkm-cn-Ihpw ]mc-eu-In-Ih
- p-amb ^es hnh-cn-pp.

11. b Ghw hnZzm {]mWw thZ \ lmky {] Pm

lo-btXartXm `hXn XtZj tmIx
GsX-nepw hnZzm C{]-Imcw Cu {]mWs clkyw
a\- n- em- p- Ibpw {]mWs al-Xzs {Klnv Fm {]Imc--fnepw AXns\ kpc-n-X-amn \ne-\np-Ibpw
AXns\ Hcn-epw Ah-tl-fn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNppthm Ahs km-\-]-c-c Hcn-epw \in-p-t]m-Ipn-. Fp-sIm-s-m Ahs hocyw Atam-Lhpw
Ap-Xhpw in-k---hp-am-Ip-p. Ah AXns
Bym-nI cl-kys {Kln-np Xs Pohn-Xs
km-I-am-n-op-Ibpw Hcp Ww-t]mepw `K-hXv
Nn-I-fm iq\y-am-m-Xn-cn- bpw sNp-p. Fn A\- Im-e-t-b
v p-ambn Aa-c-\m-bn-o-cpp; AXm-bXv P\\-a-c-W-cq-]-am-Ip {]]--n\npw ap-\m-bn-o-cpp.

12. DXv]-n-am-bXnw m\w hn`pXzw

ssNh ][m

Aymw ssNh {]mWky hnm-bm-ar-Xa-i v\ p-tX.

hnm-b m-ar-Xaiv\pX CXn.
D]-cyp hnth-N\
- --f-\p-k-cn-v bmsXmcp a\p-jy
{]mWs D-hs AXm-b Xv CXv Fn\nv
Fs\ Dm- Ipp F cl- kys {Kln-p-pthm
ico-c-n AXns hym]vX n-sb--n-bp m\hpw
{Kln- p- pthm bmsXm- cp- {]mWs nXnsb AXmbXv AIpw ]pdpw Fhn-sS-hn-sS-sbmw AXp hknpp Fp cl-kys AXns _mlyhpw Bcn-Ihpw Bb B[n-`u-Xn-Ihpw Bym-n-I-hp-amb
Ap cl-ky-sf \mbn {Kln-p-pthm Ah AarX- kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-am-\--ab ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs\ {]m]np-Ibpw B B\--a-bs kwtbm-K-kp-Js \nc-cw
A\p- `-hn- p-sIm-n-cn-p- Ibpw sNp- p.

NXp {]iv\ w
1. BY ssl\w kucym-bWo KmKyx ]{] `Kht Xkvan ]pcptj Im\n kz]n Im\ykvan
RvP m{KXn IXc Gj tZhx kz]v\ m]- i yXn
Issky-X
- pJw `hXn Ikv anp kth k{Zn-jvTnXm `h-o-Xn.
ChnsS KmKy-ap\n ]n-em-Zt- \mSv Ap-Im-cy-
tNmZn-p-p. 1. KmV-\n-{Zm-k-abw Cu a\p-jy-i-co-c-n
A[n-h-kn-p ap]-d tZh-X-I-fn Bscmw Ddpp? 2. Bscmw DWn-cn-pp? 3. kz]v\m-h
- bn Ch-cn GXp-tZ-hX kz]v\-kw-`-h- Ip-sIm- ncn-pp? 4. \n{Zm-h
- -bnse kpJm-\p-`hw Bp-mIpp? 5. Cu Fm tZh-X-Ifpw k-`m-h-tm-Spw-IqSn
Fn nXn-sN-pp? AXm-bXv Bsc B{i-bn-n-cnpp? Cs\ KmKy-ap\n Pohm-m- hn-tbpw ]c- am-mhn-tbpw ]q-amb XXz- tNmZn-n-cn-p-p.

2. Xkvssa k tlmhmN bYm KmKy aco-Ntbm

kymkvXw KXx khm GX-kvanw-kvtXtPm
aWvUe GIo-`-h-n. Xmx ]p\x ]p\-cp-Z-bXx {]Ncty hw l ssh Xhw ]tc tZth a\tkyIo-`-h-Xn. tX\ Xtlyj ]pcptjm \ irtWmXn
\ ]iyXn \ Pn{LXn \ ck-btX \ kv]ritX
\m`n-h -ZtX \mZt \m\- -b tX \ hnkr-P tX
t\bm-btX kz]n-Xo-Xym-N- -tX.
Cu a{- n ]n- em-Z-a-ljn KmKys BZy-{]-iv\n\v C{]- Imcw adp- ]Sn ]dp ""KmKym, kqcy AkvXan- p-tm B kabw Fm `mKfn-tebvpw hym]n-

185

I p-In-S-n-cp {]Imi Inc-W- F{]-Imcw B {]Im-i]p-RP

v -n ebnv Hm-bn-o-cp-pthm XnIpw AtX
coXn-bns KmV-\n-{Zm-k-a-bv \ns tNmZy-{]-Im-cap Fm tZh-X-I-fpw, Fm C{n-b
- -fpw, Ah-bnse
k-t{i-jvT-amb h\-cq-]-tZ-h-Xbpw AXn hneo-\-ambn
X{Zq-]-am-bn-o-cp-p. AXn-\m B kabw Cu Pohmmhv {ihn-p-n-, ImWp-n-, {LmWn-p-n-, kzZnp-n-, izkn-p-n-, kv]in-p-n-, kwkm-cn-p-n, {Kln-p-n-, Nen-p-n-. ae-aq-{X-hn-k\w \Sp-n-, ssaYp-\-kpJw A\p-`-hn-p-n-. AXm-bXv B
kabw ]n-{n-b--fp-tSbpw {]h-\- kYm
\ne-n-cn-pw. Cu kabw Cu ]pcp-j am{Xw Dd-pp
Fp km[m-cW Bfp-I ]d- bp-p. kqtcym- Z-b- n IncW- hopw Fm `mKfn-tebvpw hym]n-p--Xpt]mse Xs Ah DWp-I-gn-m ]noSv Fm
C{n-b
- fpw a\-n\npw ths]v AXm-Xp-I-fpsS
I--fn hym]r-X- cm-bn-o-cp-p.
kw_w C\n KmKys {]iv\-n\p kwt- ]-ambn
D-cw- sIm- Sp- nv cp a{- hgn Fm C{n- b-fpw
ebn-p--Xn-\p-ta a\-ns nXn Fm-bn-o-cpp
Fp hnh-cn-p-p.

3. {]mWm-b Gssh-X-kvan]ptc Pm{K-Xn. Kml]tXym l hm Gtjm]mt\m hymt\m\zmlmcy

]Nt\m bZv Kml-]-XymXv {]Wo-btX {]W-b-\ mZml h\obx {]mW.
B kabw Cu a\p- jy-i-co- c-am-Ip \K- c-n Ap{]m-W-c q-] - -fmb An-I DWn-c n- p- p. CXv
KmKys cm-as {]iv\-ns kwt- ]-amb Dc-am-W.v ChnsS \n{Zbvp b-cq]w \Ip--Xn\v ]{]m-W -sf An cq]-n hnti-j n- n- n-c n- p- p.
b-n Anbvv {]m[m\yw Iev]n-n-cn-pp; AXn\m ChnsS kwt- ]- ambn {]mW-am-{Xsb An- bpsS \man ]d-bp-p. Fm aptmv Cu b-ns cq]I- n GXp {]mW-hr- nsb GXns m\-n hn`mh\w sN-W-sa--Xns\ kv]jvS-am-p-p. ico-c
- n
bmsXmv {]mWs A]m- \- hr- n- bm- Ip-p-thm, CXp- Xs
B b-ns ""Kml-]-Xymn Fp tXmp-p.
hym\ Zn- Wm-n-bm-Ip-p. Kml-]-Xym-n-cq-]-amb
A]m-\-\n\npw {]mW DW-cp-p. Cu Imc-W-m
apJy-{]m-WXs Cu b-ns Iev]-\-bn Blh-\o-bm-n-bm-Ip--Xv. Fp-sIm-s- m b-n
Bl-h-\o-bmn Kmly-]-Xy-n\npw Dbn-smp-hc
- p-p. BZys aqmw {]iv\-ns hni-Zo-I-c-Wnepw {]mWs A-cq-]m-lpXn AXn lh\w sNs-Sp-p, Cu hypev]-n-h-gn-bmbn Bl-h-\o-bm-n-Xs
Fp ]d-bp-p.

4. bZp-zm-k\n-zm-km-th-Xm-hm-lp-XoXn kaw \bXo

kk-am-\. at\m lhmJ bP-am-\x. CjvS-^-et- a-thmZm-\x. k G\w bPm-\-a-l-cl
- {_ Ka-b-Xn,

bmsXmv apJy-{]m- Ws izmtkm-zm- k-cq-]-n icoc-n\p shfn-bn t]mhp-Ibpw Dn-tebvp aS-n-h-cpIpbpw sNp-pthm AXp-Xs Cu b-n BlpXn-bmbn hogp-p. Cu Blp-Xn-I hgn bmsXmcp t]mjI-X-Xz- ico-c
- n- tebvp {]th-in-n-p-sIm-n-cn-ppthm Ah Xs tlma-{Z-hy- am-Ip-p. B tlma- {Z- hys
ico-c-ns Fm `mK--fnepw Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw ka`m-h
- n Fn-p--Xn-\p Npa-Xe kmam-\y-hm-bp-hnt-Xm-Wv. AXn-\m AXns\ kam-\-hmbp Fp ]d-bpp. AXp-Xs Cu cq]-I
- n "tlmXm' lh\w \Sp EXznv BIp-p. An-cq-]-\m-bn-cp-npw BlpXn-I Fn-p IrXyw \n-ln-p--Xn-\m CXns\
"tlmXm' shp hnfn-p- p. BZyw ]d- b-s a\p Xs
bP-am-\\pw DZm-\-hm-bp-Xs B bP-am-\s A`o-jvS-^ehpw BIpp; Fp-sIm-s-m, F{]-Imcw tlmaw
\S-p bP-am-\s\ AXns A`o-jSv -^ew Xn-te-mIjnv I-^ew A\p-`-hn-p--Xn\p Im-\p-kr-Xambn kzmZn temI--fn-tebvp sImp-t]m-Ip-pthm
AtX-{]-Imcw Xs Cu DZm-\-hmbp a\-ns\ Znh-kwtXmdpw \n{Zm-ka
- -bv AXns I^e-ns t`mK
kzcq- ]-amb {_-tem-I-n ]c-am-m-hns \nhm- k-m\-cq-]a
- mb lrZb Kpl-bn-te-bp Iqn-smp t]mIpp. AhnsS Cu a\-p-hgn Pohm-mhpw \n{Zm-P-\n-X-amb
hn{i- a-kpJw A\p-`-hn-pp; Fs-m Pohm-m-hns
\nhm-km-\hpw AXp-X-s- bm-Ip-p. ChnsS "{_ KabXn' F-Xp-sImv \n{Zm-P-\n-X-amb kpJw {_-{]m]vXn
sImp-m- Ip kpJ-ns bmsXm-cw-i-nepw Xpe\w
sNp-hm Ign-bp-sap a\-n-em--cp-Xv. Fp-sIm-sm CXm-Is Xma-k-kp-J-am-Wv. Fm ]c-{_-]
- -cta-iz-cs {]m]vXn-sIm-p-m-Ip kpJw aqp KpWpw AXo-X-am-Ip-p.
kw_w C\n aqm-as {]iv\-ns D-cw.

5. Ass{Xj tZhx kz]vt\ aln-am-\-a-\p-`h

- -Xn. bZv
ZrjvSw ZrjvS-a-\p-]-iyXn {ipXw {ipX-ta-hm-a\p-ir-tWm-Xn. tZi-Zn-K--ssc {]Xy-\p-`qXw ]p\x
]p\x {]Xy-\ p-` -hXn ZrjvSw NmZrjvSw N {ipXw
Nm{ipXw Nm\p-`qXw Nm\-\ p-` qXw N km-k
kw ]iyXn kx ]iy-Xn.
GXp tZhX kz]v\s hon-p-sIm-n-cn-pp
Fp KmKy-ap-\n-bpsS aqm-as tNmZy-n\v ]nem-Z C{]-Imcw adp-]Sn ]d-p.
Cu kz]v\ m-h--bn Pohm- m-hp-X s a\pw
kqvta-{n-b-fpw hgn Xs hn`q-XnIsf A\p-`-hn-pp. CXn\p ap]v Anp IXpw tIXpw A\p-`h
- nXpsamw Xs kz]v\-n IqsS-qsS ImWp-Ibpw
tIp-Ibpw A\p-`h
- n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Fm
Pm{K-Z-h--bn Ah F{]-Imcw GXp coXn-bn GXp
ev GXp-kw-`-hs ImWp-Itbm tIp-Itbm

186

I A\p-`-hn-p-Itbm sNbvXn-ptm AtX-{]-Imcw Xs

N hmIvN hhyw N lkvXu NmZm-Xhyw tNm]AXp kz]v\-nepw A\p-`-hn-Ww Fp \nb-a-sam-p- -m-\-b

- n-Xhyw N Nbq hnk-bn-Xhyw
an-. Fnepw kz]v\-n Pm{K-Z-h- -bnse GsX-nepw N ]mZu N Khyw N a\-a
- -hyw N _pn
kw`-h-ns GsXnepw Awiw at-sXnepw kw`-h- t_mhyw Nml-m-c-mlw Ihyw N Nnw
ns Awi-hp-am-bn-tv Hcp ]pXnb cq]-n A\p- N tNX-bn-Xhyw N tXP hntZym-X-b n-X hyw N
`-h-s-Sp-p. AXn-\m kz]v\-Im-e-n IXpw ImWm- {]mW hn[m-c-bn-Xhyw N.
Xpw ImWp-p. tIXpw tIm-Xpw tIpp,
A\p-`-hn-Xpw A\p`hn-m-Xpw A\p-`-hn-pp Fp
]d-b-s-Sp-p. DXpw Cm--Xp-amb hkvXp--sfbpw
kz]v\-n Zin-p-p. C{]-Imcw kz]v\-n hnNn{X- co-Xn-bn kw`-h-sf IqsS-qsS A\p-`-hn-p-sIm-ncn-p-Ibpw kzbw Xs Fm-am-bnv ImWp-Ibpw sNpp. B kabw Pohm-m-hns\ IqSmsX asm-p-ap-m-bncn-p-n- .

qe-kqva ] alm-`q-X-, ]n-{n-b-fpw

Ah-bpsS hnj-b--fpw, \mep {]Im-c-n-ep Ax-I-cW-fpw Ah-bpsS hnj-b-fpw AXp-t]mse Ap-X-cns {]mW-hm-bp Ch-sbmw ]c-am-m-hns\
B{i-bn-n-cn-p-p. qe-amb ]rYznbpw AXns ImcW-amb K-hpw, qe-P-e-X- Xzhpw AXns Imc-W-amb
ck-am-{X-bpw, qe-tX- P-kX
v - Xzhpw AXns Imc-W-amb
cq]-hpw, qe-hmbp XXzhpw AXns Imc-W -amb
6. k bZm tXP-k m-`n-`qtXm `h-X y-ss{Xj tZhx kv]i-\-hpw, qem-Im- ihpw AXns Imc-W-amb i_vZk z] v\ m ] i y- X yY X s s Z- X - k van i c oc hpw, C{]-Imcw X-fpsS Imc-W-k-ln-X-amb ]-`q-X-fpw, t\t{X-{n-bhpw AXp-hg- n-bmbn ImW-s-Sp hkvXpGXpJw `h-Xn.
-fpw, t{imt{X-{n-bhpw AXp-hgn Bkz-Zn--s-Sp
KmKy-ap\n \mem-as tNmZyw C{]-Imcw tNmZn-p]pfnpw a[p-chpw Bb Fm ck--fpw, XzKn-{n-bhpw
p. ""\n{Z-bn kpJns A\p-`hw Bp- m-Ipp?''
AXp-hgn kv]in--s-Sp Fm ]Zm--fpw, hmKnAXn\p ]n-em-Z adp]Sn ]d-bpp \n{Zm-k-a-bv Cu
{n-bhpw AXp-h-gn-bmbn D-cn--s-Sp Fm i_vZ-hpw,
a\v DZm-\-hm-bp-hn--[o-\-ambn `hn-p-tm AXm-b-Xv.
cp-I-c-fpw AXp-hgn ]nSn--s-Sp Fm hkvXp-DZm-\-hmbp Cu a\-ns\ Pohm-m-hns hmk-m- \-amb
fpw, cp-]m-Z-fpw AXns {]m]y- m-\--fpw. Kp]vtXlrZ-b-n Fnv taml-hn-h-i-am-p-tm, B \n{Zm{n-b-fpw ssaYp-\-kp-J-hpw, KptZ-{n-bhpw AXp-hgn
h--bn Pohm-mhv a\p hgn-bm-bp kz]v\-kwhnkn--s-Sp ae-hpw, a\pw AXp-hgn a\\w
`hsf ImWp-n- . B kabw \n{Zm-P-\n-X-amb kpJmsN-s-Sp Fm hkvXp--fpw, _pnbpw AXp-hgn
\p-`hw Pohm-m-hn\p Xs Dm-Ip-p. Cu ico-c-n
{Kln--s- Sp Fm km[- \--fpw, Al-m- chpw AXns
kpJ-Zpx-J-sf A\p-`h
- n-p-Xv {]tXy-Im-h
- -bn
hnjbfpw, Nnhpw AXp-hgn Nn--s-Sp Fm
{]Ir-Xn--]p-cp-j Pohm-m-hp-X-s- bm-Ip-p.
kwK-Xn-I-fpw, {]`m-hhpw AXn \np {]`m-hn-X-am-Ip
7. k bYm tkmay hbmwkn hmtkm-hrw kw hkv X pfpw Cs\ ]- h r- n- I - t fmSp IqSnb
{]Xn-jvTt Ghw l ssh XXv khw ]c B- {]mW\pw AXp-hg- n-bmb Poh ]Ip hln--sp
\n-k w-{]-X n- jvT -t X.
sImn-cn-p Fm ico-c-fpw Fmw CXns Imc-WKmKy-ap-\n-bpsS Am-as tNmZyw ""Cu a\-v, `q-X-\mb ]c-ta-iz-s\-s B{i-bn-n-cn-p-p.
_pn, C{n-b-, {]mW Fmw Fn nXn-sN- 9. Gj ln {ZjvSm kv{]jvSm t{imXm {LmXm ckpp? Bsc B{i-bn-n-cn-p-p.'' AXn\v C{]-Imcw bnXm am t_mm Im hn m- \ mm
aljn adp-]Sn ]d-bp-p.
]pcpjx k]tc c B\n kw{]-Xn-jvT-tX.
{]nb-s KmKy, BIm-i-n ]dp k-cn-p
]n-K-W- kmbw- Imew aSn X-fpsS \nhm-k- m\p kpJ-ambn tNt-dp--Xp-t]m-s e, ]rYzn-ap-X
{]mWh-sc-bp XXz--f-{Xbpw ]c-{_-]
- p-cp-tjm--a\n AJn-e-n-tbpw Bm- hm- bn- p- - Xn B{ibw
tXSp-p. Fp-sIm-s- m Ch-sb-m-ntbpw GIamb B{ibw Atlw Xs-bm-Ip-p.

8. ]rYnho N ]rYn-ho-am{Xm Nm]-m-t]m-am{Xm N

tXP tXtPm-am{Xm N hmbp hmbp am{Xm
NmIm-i- m-Im-i-am{Xm N Np {ZjvShyw N
t{im{Xw N t{imXhyw N LvdmWw N LvdmXhyw
N ck ck-bnXhyw N XzIvN kv]i-bn-Xhyw

ImWp- Xpw kv ] in- p- Xpw {ihn- p- Xpw

LvdmWn-p-Xpw a\\w sNp-Xpw {Kln-p--Xp-amb
Fm kqt-{n-b
- -fpw, a\v hgn-bmbn kakvX
I-fpw sNp hnm-\-kz-cq-]-]p-cp-j Pohmmhv BIp-p. Cu ]ca Ahn-\m-inbpw AJn-e-ntbpw Bm-hp-a mb ]c-{_-p-]p-cp-tjm--a Xs
Fm-nepw nXn-sN-p-p. At-ls {]m]n-p--Xnt\m-Sp-IqSn hmkvX- hn-I-amb imn e`n-pp; AXn-\m
CXn-sbpw ]c-a-amb B{ibw B ]c-ta-iz-c Xs-bmIp-p.

10. ]c-ta-hm-cw {]Xn-]-ZytX ktbm l sshX-Zm- b -a -i - c o- c - a -t em- l nXw ip{`-a - cw thZ- b tX

187

I bkvXp tkmay. k kx ktm `h-Xn.

XtZj tmIx.
bmsXm-cp- Ombm-c-ln-X \pw Nphpw abpw
Bbp Fm h--fn \npw cln-X\pw Bb hnip\pw Ahn-\m-in-bp-amb ]c-ta-iz- cs\ Adn-bp- pthm;
Ah B ]c-am-c ]c-a-m-hn-s\-s {]m]n-p-p.
CXn Aev] w-t]mepw kwi-b - n-\ -h-I m-i -an- . tl
tkmay, bmsXm-cp- C-s\-bm-Ip-pthm AXm-bXv
Bsc-nepw B ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs\ {]m]n-p-pthm
Ah k- \pw k-c q-]\pw Bbn-o-cp-p.
ASp a{w Cu hnj-bs kw_-n-p--Xm-Ip-p.

11. hnm-\mm kl tZssh kssx

{]mWm `qXm\n kw{]-Xn-jvTn b{X.
XZ-cw thZ-btX bkvXp tkmay
k k---ta-hm-hn-th-ti-X n.
AJn- e
- n-tbpw ]c-a-Im- c-W-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c-\n
kakvX {]mW\pw ]-a-lm-`q-X-fpw kakvtX{nb-tfmSpw Ax-I-c-W--tfmSpw IqSnb Pohm-mhpw Fmw
B{ibw {]m]n-p-p. B ]c-am--c-amb Ahn-\m-in-]-cam-m-hns\ bmsXm-cp- Xncn--dn-bp-pthm Ah
k--\m-Ip-p, AXp-t]mse k-cq-]-\mb ]c-ta-izc-\n {]hn-jvS-\m-bn-o-cp-p. C{]-Imcw Cu NXp{]iv\w kam-]n-n-cn-p-p.

]-a -{ ]iv \w
1. AY ssl\w ssi_yx kXy-Imax ]{]-.
k tbm l ssh XZv`-K-h--\p-tjyjp {]mb-Wm
tamm-c-a-`n-[ym-bo-X. XIaw hmh k tX\ temIw
Pb-X o-X n.

BIpp; A]-c-{_--am-Ip-p. Cu Htc HmwIm-c-ns

P]w, kvac-Ww, Nn\w Ch-s Imp am{Xw X-fpsS A`ojvS-kn-nsb B{K-ln-p hnm-\-k---m-cmb a\pjy At-ls {]m]n-p-p. AXm-bXv bmsXmcp
]c-ta-iz-cs hncmSv kzcq-]-s, Cu PK-ns sFizcy-a-b-amb GsX-nepw AwKs {]m]n-p--Xn-\p Ctbm-Sp-IqSn HmwIm- c-s, D]m-kn-p-pthm Ah kzw
`mh-\-bv-\p-k-c-W-ambn hncmSv kzcq-]-amb ]c-ta-iz-cs
GsX-nepw AwKs {]m]n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. bmsXmcp- CXns A- cym-anbpw Bm-hp-amb ]q-{_
]pcp-tjm--as\ {]m]n-pXn\p \njvm-a-`m-ht- m-SpIqSn D]m-k\ \S-p-pthm Ah ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm-as\ {]m]n-p-p.

3. k btZy-I-am-{X-`n-[ym-boX k tXss\h kwthZn-Zn-X-kvXq-tah PK-Xym-a-`n-kw-]-Zy-tX, XartNm

a\p-jy-tem-I-ap-]-\b
- t k X{X X]km {_-NtcyW {ibm ktm aln-am-\-a-\p-`h
- -Xn.
HmwIm-c-s-n Nnn-p-sIm-n-cn-p a\p-jy
hncmSv ]c-ta-iz-cs `qx, `phx, kzx Cu aqp-cq-]
- fn\npw `qtem-I-ns sFiz-cy- n Bk- -\m-bnv
AXns {]m]vXn- mbn HmwIm-cs D]m- kn-pp Fn
ac-Wm-\- cw Ah Xs {]m]- Wo- b-amb sFizcy-m
t{]cn-X-\mbn Xmew `qtem-I
- n hp-tN-cp-p.
HmwIm-c-ns BZy-am{X EtKz-Z-kz-cq-]-am-Ip-p. AXn\p
`qtem-Ih
- p-ambn _-ap-v. AXn-\m AXns NnIsImp km[-I\v EtKz-Z-a-{- hopw a\p-jy-ico-c- n {]th-in-n-p-hm Ign-bp-p. Ah B ]pXnb
a\p-jy-P--n X]w, {_-N-cyw, `n-k---amb Dam-Nm-c- W- Ch-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb t{ijvT-a- \p-jy-\mbn ApX- I-c-amb sFizcy-sf A\p- `-hn-p-p. Ah\p \oN-tbm\n-I-fn Ae-tbXmbn hcp-n-. Ah ac-Wm-\-cw
a\p-jy-\mbn hopw ip`-I- A\p-jvTn-p--Xn
ka-\m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw AhnsS \m\m-{]-Im-c-n-ep
kpJ-sf A\p-`h
- n-p-Ibpw sNp-p.

Cu a{-n HmwIm-c-ns D]m-k-\sb kw_nv kXy-Im-a tNmZyw sNp-p. bmsXmcp a\p-jy

BPo-h- \mw HmwIm-cs icn-bmb coXn- bn D]m- kn-p- 4 . AY bZn Zznam- t {X W a\ k n kw ] - Z ytX
Ibpw Ah\v B D]m-k-\-hgn GXp temIhpw {]m]n-p- tkmcnw bPp`n-cp-o-btX tkma-tem-Iw. k
hm Ign-bp-Ibpw Ah\v Fp ^ew-In-p-Ibpw sNp- tkma-temtI hn`q-Xn-a-\p-`qb ]p\-cm-h-tX.
sa- p--Xn Ah Pnm-kp-hm-bn-cn-pw.
km[-I HmwIm- c- ns cp-am-{X- Isf D]m- kn- pp;
2. Xkvssa k tlmhmN GXssZz kXy-Ima ]cw AXm-bXv B hncmSv kzcq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs AwK-`q-XN Nm]cw {_ btZm- m-c x. Xkva m-Zzn-Zzm-t\tX amb `qx (a-\p-jy-tem-Iw) `phx (kz-tem-Iw) Ch cnss\hm-b- Xt- \-ss\-I-Xc at\z-Xn.
tbpw sFiz-cy-n Bk- n-tbm-Sp-IqSn AXn-s \CXns D-c-ambn aljn ]n-em-Z ""Hmw'' F s ey-amn Hmm-cs D]m-kn-ppshn
A-cs AXns ey-`q-X- amb ]pcp-tjm--a-t\m-Sp- Ah at\m-a-b- amb N{-tem-Is {]m]n-pp; Ahs\
IqSn GIo-I-cn-p-sImp ]d-bpp kXy-Im-a, Cu ""Hmw'' bPpth-Z-ns a{w A-co-- n apI`m-Kp
D-sm, AXv Xs ey- `q- X- amb ]c- {_ ]c- ta-iz-c-\n N{-tem-I-n Fn-p-p. B hn\m-i-kz-cq-]-tm-Sp\npw `n-am-Ip-n-. AXn-\m CXp-Xs ]c-{_-hpw Iq-Snb kz-tem-I-n \m\m {]Im-c--fn-ep sFizB ]c-{_-
- n\npw {]I-S-am-Ip hncmSvUv cq]hpw cy-sf D]-t`mKw sNbvXn-v, Xs D]m-k-\-bpsS ]pWyw

188

I bn-p-Xo-cp-tm hopw arXyp-tem-I-n-te-bv p-Xs

N-{I-n\npw tamNn--s-bp-n-. CXns Hcw-K-amb

hp-tN-cp-p. ChnsS Ah\p Xs ]q-Im-\p-kr-X- ]rYn-tem-It- sbm AYhm A-co--t-bptam Asambn a\p- j y-i -c o-c tam AYhm AXnepw \oN-a mb n aq-tem-I-- fps ka-kvX- P-K- n- t-bpt\m A`nem-j-tm-Sp-IqSn bmsXm-cp- D]m-k\ \S-p-pthm
tbm\ntbm e`n-p-p.
bmsXm-cp-s eyw Cu PK-ns B-kz-cq-]-amb
5. bx ]p\-tcXw {Xnam-t{X-tWm-an-tXy-tX-ss\-hm-]c-ta-iz-c-\n-tebvvmXncn-p-p-thm, adnv bmsXm-cp-cptcW ]cw ]pcp-j-a-`n-[ym-boX k tXPkn kqtcy
PK-ns _mly-cq-]-n \m{Xw Bk--\m-bnk. bYm ]mtZm-Z-c-kvXzNm hn\nap-NyX Ghw
o-cp-pthm Ah At-ls {]]n-p-n-. AXp-Iml ssh k ]m]va\m hn\napx k kma-`n-cp-ocaw IqsS-qsS P\n-p-Ibpw acn-p-Ibpw sNbvXpsIm
btX {_ temIw k GX-kvam-o-h-L-\mXv ]cmn- cn-p-p. bmsXm-cp- Xsc ico- c-ns Dnepw
Xv]cw ]pcn-ibw ]pcp-j-ao-tX XtZXu tmIu
]pdpw a[y-`m-Kpw At-ls {]m]n-p--Xn-\p
`hXx.
A`n-em-j-tm-Sp-IqSn Hmmcs P]n-p-Ibpw kvacn-pCu a{- n "]p\x' i_vZ-{]-tbm-K-n \npw Cu Ibpw Nnn-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm B km[-I am{Xw
Hcp- Imcyw kqNn-n-n-cn- pp D]- cyp--amb IY\w A\p- PvRm\ kzcq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ ]ns Hcn-epw Xs
k- cnv Cu temI-n-tbpw kz-tem- I-n-tbpw sFiz- Ah-- bn\npw hyXn-N-en-p-n-.
cys A`n-e-jn-p-sImv B ]c-{_-s ey-amn
7. EKv`n-tcXw bPq`n-c--cnw
HmwIm-cs D]m-kn-p km[-I
- m-cn Akm-[m-cW
kma-`nbXv XXvI-htbm th-Z-bt
km[-I s\ ChnsS hn- n-c n- p- p. D]m-k-\ -b psS
ktm- - a- amb coXn CXp- X- s-bm- Ipp Cu `mhw {]IXtam-m-tc-ssW-hm-b-X-t\-\m-t\zXn hnZzm
Sn-n-p--Xn\v Cu a{- n "Fn' F ]Zw {]tbmb-NvOm--a-Pc aar-X-a-`bw ]cw tNXn.
Kn--s-Sp-n-. Fp-sIm-s- m CXn bmsXmcp hnIHcw-K-s- am{Xw ey-amn D]m-k\ \S-p km[ev]h
- p-an-. HmwImcw B ]c-{_--ns \ma-am-Ipp;
Is\
EtKz-Z-nse a- d- a\p- jy-tem-I-n sImpAXp- hgn ]c-{_--]-c- ta-iz-c D]m-kn--s-Spp Fv Cu
h
mp-p. cp-am-{X-Isf D]m-kn-p--hs\ AXm-bXv
a{-n kv]jvS-am-bp-]-tZ-in- n-cn-p- p. bmsXmcp km[I aqp-am-{X- I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb HmwIm-c-kz-cq-]-amb A-c- PK-ns Ghpw D-X-amb kzo-ssb-iz-cy-sf
Zzmcm ]c-{_--]-c-ta-iz-c s\ D]m-kn-p-p-thm, Ah ey-amn HmwIm-cs D]m-kn-p--hs\ bPqth-Zkw ]S-hp-ambn _w-hnp t]mIp--Xp-t]m-se-Xs nse avd- N{-tem-I-n-tebvp sImp-t]m-IpFm I- _---fn \npw tamN\w {]m]nv kYm p.-bm-sXm-cp- Ch-bn-semw ]cn-]q\pw Fm-n\nhn-Im-c-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ahs\ kma-th-Z-ns a{w tbpw B-kz-cq- ]- hp- amb ]c- ta- iz- cs HmwIm-c-Zzmcm D]mtXtPm-a-ba
- -Zb kqcy-a-WvU-e-nqSn sImp-t]mbn k\ \S-p-pthm, Ahs\ kma-th-Z-nse avd-
ktm-]-cn-bmbn {_-tem-I-n Fn- p-p. AhnsS alm-PvRm- \n-I-fm \m{Xw Adn-b-s- Sp {_- tem- I- n
Ah Poh-k-ap-Zm-b-cq-]\pw tNX-\m-X-Xz-m AXyw Fn- p-p. kw]qcl- ky-s- {K-ln-n- p _pn-amt{ijvT -\p-am-b-]-c-{ _--]p-cp-tjm--a s\ {]m]n-p-p. \mb a\p-jy _mly-P-K-n Bk--\m-ImsX HmwImAtlw kw]q PK-ns\ Xs in-bpsS Aev]mw- c-ns D]m-k-\-h-gn-bmbn kakvX PK-n-tbpw AXva
iw-sImp hln-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Ibpw {]]w apgp-h kzcq-]-\mb B ]c-a-im-\pw Fm-{]-Im-c--fn-ep-ap
hm]n- n-c n- p-Ibpw A-cym-a n-c q-] - n AJn-e - n- hnIm-c-fm cln-X\pw BIp-p. Ahn-sS hm-Iyan,
tbpw lrZ-b
- -fn hncm-Pn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. C\n- ac- W-an-, `b-an-. Ah Aa-c\pw \n`-b\pw AXp-t]mse
bp cp tmI- Cu hnj-bs kv]jvS-am-p- p. {ijvT-\mb ]c-a-]p-cp-tjm--a\pw BIp-p.

6. Xnkvtdm am{Xm avdpXyp-aXyx {]bpm

At\ym-\y-km A\-hn-{]-bp-mx.
{Inbmkp _mlym-`ym-c ay-amkp
kayIv {]bp-mkp \ Iw]tX x!!
Cu ImWp-Xpw tIp-Xpw A\p- `- hn- p-- Xp-amb
HmwImc ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs PKXv kzcq-]-amb hncmSv
kzcq-]w. At-l
- ns hmkvX-hn-Ihpw ]c-am-hn-\m-in-bpamb cq]ta BIp-n-; CXv ]cn-h-\-kz-`m-h-tm-Sp-IqSn-b-Xm-W.v AXn-\m CXn Pohn-p--h Aa-c-cm-bn-ocp- n-. F{X-am{Xw D-X-m- cm-sW- ntmepw P\-\-a-c-W-

jjv T -{]iv\w
1. AY ssl\w kptIim `mc-ZzmPx ]{]---`-K-hm,
lnc-Wy-\m`x Iukteym cmP-]pt{Xm amap-t]-ssXyXw- {]iv \ a]ypX. tjmU- i - I - e w `mc- Z zmP
]pcpjw th. X-alw Iam-c-a-{_phw \ml-anaw
thZ bZy-l-an-aa thZnjw IYw tX \mhm-y-anXn
kaqtem hm Gj ]cn-iqjyXn tbm\rX-a-`n-h-ZXn
Xkvam- mlm-ay-\rXw hIvXpw. kXpjv Wow cYam-cply {]h-{hm-Px Xw Xzm ]rman Izmku-]p-cpj
CXn.

189

kptIi aljn Xs Aev]-PvR-Xbpw kXy-`m-j-Wns al-Xzhpw {]I-Sn-n-p-sImv ]Xn-\mdp Ie-I-tfmSp- Iq-Snb ]pcp-js\ kw_-n tNmZyw tNmZn-p. Atlw
]d-p"`K-h', Hcn- tImk-e-cm-Py-nse cmP-Ip-amc lnc-Wy-\m-` Fs ASp- hn-cp-p. Ah
FtmSp tNmZnp "`c- Zzm- P, ]Xn-\mdp Ie- I-tfmSpw IqSnb
]pcp-js\ \n-dn-bmtam?' Rm Abm-tfmSp kv]jvSambn ]dp ""ktlm-Z- c, Rm\Xv Adn-bp-n; Adn-bpam- bn- cp- s- n Xo-bmbpw \n\p Rm\Xp ]dp Xcpam-bn-cp-p. ]d-bm-Xn-cn-p--Xn\v bmsXmcp Imc-W-hp-ansm? ]dp Xcp--Xn-\p CjvS-an-m-bva-sIm-mWv
{]iv\s Rm \ntj-[np If--sXp \n a\n hnNm-cn--cpXv; Fp- sIm- s- m Rms\m- cn-epw
Ifhp ]d-bp-I-bn-. Ifhp ]d-bphs hwi-hn-tZw
kw`-hn-p-p. Ah\v Cu temI-ntem ]c-tem-I-ntem
bmsXmcp am\y-Xbpw e`n-p-n-. CXp-tIv cmP-Ip-am-c
\n-_vZ-\mbn cY-n Ib-dn, hXp-t]m-se-Xs Xncnp-t]m-bn. Ctm A-bn\npw B ]Xn-\mdp Ie-ItfmSp IqSnb ]pcp-j-X- Xzs Adn-bp--Xn\v Rm B{Kln-p-p. Zb-hp-sN-bvXv, Ah Fhn-sS-bm-av, Ahs
kzcq]w Fm- W,v Fp Imcy- ]d-p-X-mepw!''

bmsXmv Dm-bn-cn-p-tm Fs k kv]jvS-am-IpIbpw sN---hn[w GsXmcp XXz-amWv AXn \nt]n-t-- Xv.

4. k {]mW-a-kvdp-PX {]mWmvdmw Jw hmbp

tPymXn-c m]x ]rYn-ho-{nbw at\ma- m-Zzocyw
Xt]m-a{mx I temIm temtIjp N \ma N.

]c-{_ ]ctaiz-c BZy-ambn AJn-e-nsbpw

{]mW-cq- ]-amb km lncWy K`s krjvSnp. A\cw ip`-I- sf {]hn-n-p `n BkvXnIy-_pn sb {]I-S-am-n-bnv {Ia-ambn ico-c-ns D]mZm-\-`q-X--fmb BIm-iw, hmbp, tXP-v, Pew, ]vdpYzn
Fo ]-a-lm-`q-X--fp-tSbpw krjvSn \S-n. Cu ]
alm- `q-X-- fpsS {]h\w Xs- bmWv Cu Zriy- am- \- amb
kq {_m-WU
v w. ]-alm `qX-p-tijw ]cta-iz-c a\-,v _pn, Nnw, Al-mcw Fo \mep
kaq-lc
- q-]-amb Ax-Ic
- -Ws cNn-p. ]noSv hnj-b-fpsS m\-n\pw {]h-\-n-\pw-thn Ap
mt\-{n-b--tfbpw XYm Ap It-{n-b--tfbpw
krjvSn-p. AXn-\p-tijw Pohn-I-fpsS ico-c
n-Xn-pthn A-tbpw AXns ]cn-]mIw hgn-bmbn intbbpw krjvSn-p. AXn\pw tijw Ax- I-c- W-n-tbpw
2. Xkvs sa k tlmhm- N . Cssl- h m- x-i - c otc
C{n-b--fp-tSbpw kwb-a-cq-]-amb X]-ns\ Bhn`-hntkmay k ]pcptjm bkvan-tXmx tjmUi Iemx
n-p. D]m-k-\-bvp-thn `n--fmb a{--tfbpw
{]`-h - o-Xn.
Iev]n-p. Ax-I-c-W-ns kwtbm-K-tm-Sp-IqSn C{n]Xn-\m-dp-I-eItfmSp IqSnb ]pcp-js\ ey-am- {X-ambn b- hgn \S- -s-Sp I-sf \nn-p. Ah- bpsS
Ah-X- cn-n-n-cn-p-p. ]n-emZ aljn ]d- p. "{]nb-s hnhn-[--fmb ^e-cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSnb temI-sf krjvSnkptI-im, GsXmcp ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c-\n \npw ]Xn- p-Ibpw Ah-bpsS Fm-n-tbpw \ma-cq-]--tfbpw
\mdp Iem kaql kq PKZv cq]-am-Ip At-l- cNn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.-C-s\ ]Xn-\mdp Ie-I-fm bpns hncmSv icocw D--am-bn-cn-p-pthm B ]ca amb Cu {_m-WvUs krjvSn-nv Pohm-m- hp- k-lnXw
]pcp-j \psS Cu ico-c-ns Dn Xs hncm-Pn- ]c-ta-iz-c kzbw CXn {]th-inp; AXn-\m Atlw
p-s Im-n-cn-p-p. At-ls At\z-j nv A\y{X ]Xn-\mdp IeItfmSp-Iq-Snb ]pcp-j Fp hnfn--s-Spt]mtI bmsXm-cm-hi
- y-hp-an-. a\p-jys lrZ-b-n p. \psS Cu a\p-jy-i-co-chpw {_m-WvU-ns
]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p-X
- n-\p Xo{h-amb A`n-emjw Xs Ghpw sNdnb Hcp amXr-I-bm-Wv. AXn-\m ]c-taPm{K-m-Ip-tm Ah AXns\ Xs lrZ-b
- n iz-c F{]-Imcw Cu {_m-WvU-n nXn-sN-ppthm AtX {]Imcw Xs Atlw \psS Cu ico-cXs Ip-ap-p-p.
nepw nXn-sN-p-p. Cu ico-c
- nepw B ]Xn-\mdp
kw_w B ]c-{_ ]pcptjm-as XXzs a\Ie-Ifpw \ne\np-p. B lrZ-b--\mb ]c-a-tZ-h-]pn-em-p--Xn\v kwt-]a
- mbn krjvSn-{I-as hncp-tjm--as\ Adn-bp--Xp-X- s- bmWv B ]Xn-\mdp Iepp
I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb ]pcp-js\ Adn-bp--Xv.

3. k Cu mwN- t {I. Ikv a n- - l - a p- X v { Im

DXv{Imtm `hn-j yman Ikvanhm {]Xn-j vTntX
{]Xn-jvTn-k ym-ao-Xn.
alm-k- ns BZn-bn PK- ns cN\ \S-nb
]c-a-]p-cp-j ]c-ta-iz-c Nnnp "Rm GsXmcp
{_m-WvUs cNn-p-hm-\m-{K-ln-p-pthm AXn
bmsXm-n-m-Xn-cn-p-tm F\nv kzb-ambn AXn
hkn-p-hm Ign-bm--hn[w AXm-bXv Fs k
kv ] jv S -c q- ] - t m- S p-I qSn hy-a m- I m- X n- c n- p- I bpw

kw_w k-ns Bcw-`s hn-nv ]c-{_- ns eys {Kln- n- p. C\n {]f-b - ns

eys hn-pp

5. k btYam \Zyx ky- am\mx kap-{ Zm- b Wmx

kap{Zw {]m]ymkvXw Kn `ntZytX Xmkmw \macqt] kap{Z CtXyhw t{]mNy-tX. Gh-tahm ky
]cn- { Z- j vS p-c namx tjmUi Iemx- ] p- c p- j m- b Wmx
]pcpjw {]m]ymkvXw Kn `ntZy-tX-Nmkmw \ma-

190

I c qt]

] pc pj C tX yhw t{] mN ytX

GtjmItemartXm `hXn XtZj tmI.

hnhn[ \ma--tfmSpw cq]--tfmSpw IqSn \nc-h[n \ZnI F{]-Imcw X-fpsS DZvK-a-m-\-amb kap-{Z-n`nap-J-ambn ]mv B kap-{Z-n-sen AXn hneo-\-ambn-o-cp-pthm Ahbvp kap-{Z-n \np {]tXy-Iamb \ma-cq-]- Cm-Xp- pthm Ah kap{Zw Xs Bbno-cp-pthm AtX-{]-Imcw Xs k-km-nbpw kIe-n-tbpw B-kz-cq-]-hp-amb ]c-am-m-hn\nv Dhn ]Xn-\mdp IeIfpw (Cu ]q {_m-WU
v w) {]f-bIm-e- n X-fpsS ]c-am-[m-c- amb ]c-a- ]p-cp-j- \n sNv
AXns hneo-\-am-bn-o-cp-p. ]ns Chbvsm
n\pw {]tXy-I-amb \ma-cq-]- tijn-p-n-. GI-am{X-\mb ]c-a -]p-cpj ]c-ta-iz-cs kzcq-]- n Ch
XmZmyw {]m]n-p-p. AXn-\m At-l-ns \man, At- l - ns h- \ - b n Ch- b p- t Sbpw
h\w Ds- Sp-p. B kabw ]c-am-m-hn bmsXmcp
Xc-n-ep-ap k-ev]
- Ahtijn-p-n-. AXn\m Atlw Iem-c-ln-X\pw Aar-X-kz-cq-]\pw BIpp
Fp ]d- b-s-Sp-p. Cu XXz-sf {Kln- p a\p- jy\pw
B ]c- am-m- hns\ {]m]n- nv Iem-c-ln-X\pw Aa-c\pw Bbn
`hn-p-p.

6. Acm Ch cY-\m`u Iem bkvan {]Xn-jvTnXmx

Xw thZyw ]pcpjw thZ bYm am thm arXypx ]cnhyYm CXn.
Cu a{-n km-[m-c-amb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Adn-bp-Xn\p t{]cn- n-p-sImv AXns ^ew P\-\-a-cW cmlnXy-am-sWp ]d-bp-p. thZ- `-K- hm a\p-jy-tcmSp ]dp
F{]-Imcw cY-ns N{I-n LSn-n-n-cn- p Fm
IW-m-ep-Ifpw B N{I-ns a[y--amb IS-ns
Dn {]th-in-p- pthm Ah-bpsS Fmw B[mcw ISwX- s-bm-Wv. IpS-s-q- SmsX Ah- bvp- dp \nphm
Ign-bp-n-. AtX-{]-Imcw Xs apI-fn-d {]mWmZn
]Xn-\mdp Ie-Ipw bmsXmv B[m-c-am-bn-cn-p-pthm
Cu Fm Ie-Ifpw bmsXm-ns\ B{i-bn-n-cn-p-pthm
bmsXm-n \np--hn-p-Ibpw bmsXm-n hneo-\-amIp-Ibpw sNp-p-thm, Atlw Xs Adn-b-s-Sp-hm
tbmKy-\mb ]c-{_ ]c- ta-iz-c. B km-[m-c-\mb ]cam-m-hns\ a\-n {Kln--Ww. At-ls a\-nemngn- m \n ac- Ws `b-s-Sp-Ib
- n-,
]noSv arXyp-hn\p \nsf P\-\-a-cW kwkm-c-nsSpn ZpxJn-n-p-hm km[n-p--X-. \n Fs-tbvp-ambn Ac-\m-bn-o-cpw.

7. Xmtlm-hm-ssN-Xm-h-tZ-hm-l-ta-XXv ]cw {_
thZ. \mXx ]c-a-kvXo-Xn.

C{Xbpw D]-tZ-in- - Xn\p tijw aljn ]n- em-Z ]ca

`mKy-hm- m- cmb kptI- imZn Bdp aljn-am- scbpw kwt_m[\ sNbvXp-sImv ]dp ""Ejn-amtc!, Cu ]c-{_
]c-ta-iz-cs hnj-b-n Rm C{X am{Xta Adn-bp-pq. CXn-\p-]-cn-bmbn ap bmsXm-p-an-. Rm \n-tfmSv
At-l-ns hnj-b
- n Fsmw ]d-bW
- -am-bn-cppthm AsXmw ]dp Ign-ncnp-p.''
kw_w Ah-km\w IrX-X {]I-Sn-n-p-sImv
kptI-imZn ap\n-KWw aljnsb ]e-hpcp {]Wmaw
sNbvXp-sImp ]d-bpp

8. tX Xa-b-kvXzw ln\x ]nXm tbmkvam Iahn-Zymbmx ]cw ]mcw Xmc-b-koXn \ax ]ca Ejn
t`ym \ax ]c-a-Ej
- n`yx
C{]-Imcw ]n-em-Zm-Nm-cy-\n\npw {_tm-]-tZiw
kzoI-cn-p-sImv Bdp aljn-amcpw At-ls ]qPnp-sImv ]dp ""`K-hm-t\, Ap Xs R-fpsS
bYm ]nXm-hm-Ipp; Ap Xs Rsf Cu
kwkmc kmK-c-ns Asc Fn-n-cn-p-p. Cs\-b p Kpcp-hn-t\-m D]-cn-b mbn thsdmcmv
Fs\ Kpcp-hm-Im Ignbpw? Ap ]c-a-E-jnbpw
m\ kzcq-]-\p- am-Ip-p. Asb R \a-kI
v -cn-pp. hopw hopw \a-kv-cn-p-p. "Ana hmIyns ]p\-cm-hrn {K-ns kam-]X
v nsb kqNn-n--Xn-\p-th-n-bm-Ip-p.

imn-] mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx {iWp-bma tZhm `{Zw ]tiy
amm-`n-cy-P{Xmx
ns sc - c - M vss K- k vXp- j vSphmw k kvX- \ q`nhytia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx
kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \x ]pjm
hniz-thZmx
kzkvXn \kvXmtym Acn-jvS-t\anx kzkvXn
t\m _rl-kvX-]nZ-[m-Xp.
Hmw imnx ! imnx ! imnx !!!
CXns Aw Cu D]-\n-j-ns Bcw-`-n sImSpn- p- v.

Q
N

191

3
OmtmtKym]\nj
v
1

Hmw Jw
Hman-tXyX Zc apZvKoY ap]m-knX; Hman
Xn lyqZvKm-bXn; Xtkym-]h
- ym-Jym\w
DXvKoYsap ]d- bp "Hmw' Fp A- cs D]mkn-- Ww. ""Hmw'' Fp DZvKoXw sNp-p. AXns "B'
A-c-ns D]-hym-Jym\w Bcw-`n-p-p.

D] Gjmw `qXm\mw ]rYnhn ckx ]rYnhym

B t]mck:, A]m-tam-j-[tbm ck,
Huj-[o\mw
]pcp-tjm-ckx ]pcp-jky hm{K-tkm, hmN
E{K-k, ENx kma-ckx kmav\ DZvKotYm ckx
Cu `qX--fpsS ckw ]rYn-hn-bm-Ip-p. ]rYn-hn-bpsS
ckw Ap-If
- m-Ip-p. Ap-If
- psS ckw Huj-[n-I-fm-Ipp. Huj-[n-I- fpsS ckw ]pcp-j-\m-hp-p. ]pcp-js ckw
hmmIpp. hmns ckw Em-Ip-p. Ens ckw
kma-am-Ip-p. kma-ns ckw DZvKo-Y-am-hp-p.

k Gj ck\mw ck-Xax ]cax

]cm-tym f- tam f bZp-ZvKoY:
GXmtWm DZvKoYw An-s\-bp Fm-a-t-Xmb
Cu HmwImcw At As ck-h pw, ]c- a - h pw,
t{ijvThpw, ]c-am-m-sh-p m\-n\v Al-hp-amIp-p.

IX-am-I-X-aIv IX-aXv IX-aXv kma,

IXax IXa DZvKoY CXn-hn-arw
Ev GXmWv? kmaw GXmWv! DZvKoYw GXmWv Fv
hnain--s-n-p-v.

hmtK-hIv {]mWx ktam-antXy XZc

aZvKoY: XZzm GX-n-Yp-\w, bZzmv
N {]mW-Iv N kma N.

"Ev' Fp ]d-bp-Xv hmp-X-s-bm- Ip- p. "kmaw'

FXv {]mW-\m-Ip-p. DZvKoYw "Hmw' Fp A-c-amWv. hmpw {]mW\pw Epw kmahpw GXmtWm AXv
"anYp\'amIp-p.

XtZXnYp\ tamantXy Xkvan---tc

kwkr-PytX; bZm ssh anYp\u
kam-K-X B]-btXm ssh Xm]
t\ym\yky Imaw.
An-s\-bp Cu anYp\w "Hmw' Fp A-cn tNn-cn-p-p. Gtm-gmtWm anYp- \- kwtbmPn-p- Xv Atm Ah ]c-kv]cw Imtam-p- I- cm- bn-ocpp FXv {]kn--am-W.v

B]-bnXm l ssh Imam\mw `hXn

b GX-tZhw hnZym-\--c-ap-ZvKo-Ya
- p
]mkvtX
BcmtWm C{]-Imcw Adnv Cu A-c-am-Ip
DZvKo-Ys D]m-kn-p-Xv Ah Ima-\-Isf ssIh-cnm {]m]vX-\m-Ipw.

XZzm GX-Z-\p-m-cw; bnIn

nZ-\p-Pm-\m-tXym-antXy hX-Zml; G
tjm Gh kar-n-Z-\pm; ka
bnXm ssh Imam\mw `h-Xnb GX
tZhw hnZzm-\-c apZvKoY ap]mkvtX
An-s\-bp Cu HmwImcw A\p-m-cq-]-amb
A-c-am-Ip-p. GXmtWm GsX-n-ep-sam-ns\ A\p-hZn-p-Xv AXns\ Hmw Fp-Xs ]d-bp-p. GXmtWm
A\p AXp Xs kar-n-bm- Ip-p. bmsXm-cp-h C{]Im-c-a-dnv Cu A-c-am-Ip DZvKo-Ys D]m-kn-ppthm Ah Ima--fn ka-\m-bn-Xo-cp-p.

192

tXt\bw {Xbo hnZym-h-tX, HmanXym

{im]-b-tXym-anXn iwktXym anXypZv KmbtXy
Xssky-hm--c-kym]-NnssXy alnav\m ctk\
{]Ir-X-amb Hmw F A- cw-sImp Cu {Xbo-hnZy
\S-p-p. Hmw Fv B{im-hWw sNp-p. Hmw Fp
iwkn-p- p. Hmw Fv DZvKm\w sNp-p. AXv Cu Ac- ns Xs A]-NnXn (]q-P)-b
v m-bn-pw, aln-a- sImpw
ckw sImp-am-Ip-p.

tX t\m Zu Ipcp-tXm bssX tZhw

thZ, b \ th-Z, \m\m XphnZym NmhnZym
N; btZh hnZybm ItcmXn {i-tbm-]-\n-j-Zm,
XtZh ho-h-cw `hXn CXn-Jtez Xssky
hm c-tkym-]-hym-Jym\w `hXn
BcmtWm CXns\ C{]-Imcw Adn-bp-Xv Ah-\pw,
Bcv Adn-bp-n-tbm Ah-\pw, cp-t]cpw Cu Acw
sImv Iw sNp-p. Fm hnZy-bpw, Ahn-Zybpw
`n--fm-Ip-p. GXn-s-bmtWm hnZy-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bpw,
{i-tbm-Sp-Iq-S nbpw A[nIw hocy-ap-X
- m-bn-o-cp- p.
Cns\ hn[n-Xv Cu A-c-n-s-Xs D]-hym-Jym-\am-Ip-p.

cmw Jw
tZh-kp-cl ssh b{X kwtb-Xnc
D`tb {]mPm-]-Xym-kvX
- t- Zhm DZvKoY
amP{lp c t\s\ \m\m`n `hn-jyma CXn.
{]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS ]p{X-cmb tZh-mcpw Akp-c-m-cpw,
Xn GXp hnj-b
- n ]p bpw sNbvXp-thm,
AXn tZh-m CXp sImp Akp-c-msc \app
tXmev]nmw Fp hnNm-cnv DZvKo-Ys Bl-cnp!

tX l \mknIyw {]mW-ar-ZvKoY
ap]mkmw N{Insc;
Xw lm kpcx ]m]vav\m hnhn[p;
kvXkvam-t-
t\m`bw Pn{LXn kpc`n N Zpn N;
]m]va-\m tly j hnx
Ah \mkn-Ib
- n-ep {]mW-\mbn, DZvKo-Ys D]mkn-p. B {]mWs\ Akp-c-m ]m]w sImp th[n-p.
AXn-\m {]mWs\ ({Lm-Ww) sImv kuc-`y-ap--Xnt\bpw Zp--ap- - Xn-t\- bpw, {LmWn- p-p. Fs-m
Cu {]mW ]m]-m th[n--s-p.

AYl hmN apZvKoY ap]mkmw N{Iotc;

Xmwlm-kpcx ]m]va\ hnhn[px,

Xkvam-tbm `bw hZXn kXyw Nm

\rXw N; ]m]va\m tljm-hn-m,

AYl N{ip-cp-ZvKoY ap]mkmw N{Iotc;

Xm-kpcx ]m]va\m hnhn[p- kvXkvam-tt\m `bw ]iyXn Zi-\o-
bwN, ]m]va-\m-tly-X-Zzn-w.
AYl t{im{X-ap-ZvKoY a]mkmw N{Iotc;
Xm-kpcx ]m]va\m hnhn[p
Xkvam-tt\m `bw irtWmXn
{ih-Wobw N ]m]vat\m tlyX Zznw.
AYl a\ DZvKoY ap]mkmw N{Iotc;
Xm-kpcx ]m]va\m hnhn[px
Xkvam-tt\m `bw k-ev]-btX
k-ev]-\obw Nm k-ev]-\obw
N; ]m]va\m tlyX-Zzn-w.
A\-cw hmmbn DZvKo-Ys D]m-kn-v, hmns\
Akp- c-m ]m]w- sImv th[np! Am- c- W-m hmp]-tbm-Knv kXy-tbpw Ak-Xy-tbpw temI ]dbpp! Fs- m CXv ]m]-m hn-bm-Ip-p.
A\-cw Np-mb DZvKo-Ys D]m-knv Npns\ Akp-c-m ]m]w-sImp th[n-p. AXn-\m
Np-p-sImv ImWm sImm-hp--Xn-t\-bpw, Im
Wm sImm- -Xn- t\bpw temIw ImWp- p. Fs- m
Npv ]m]-m th[n--s-n-cn-p-p.
A\- cw t{im{X-ambn DZvKo-Ys D]m-kn-p. AXns\
Akp-c- -\m ]m]w sImv th[n-p. AXn-\m t{im{Xw
sImv tIm sImm-hp--Xn-t\-bpw, tIm
sIm- cp-Xm- - Xn- t\-bpw, temIw tIpp. Fs- m
t{im{Xw ]m]-m th[n--s-n-cn-p-p.
A\-cw a\-mbn DZvKoYs D]m-kn-p. a\-ns\
Akp-c-m ]m]w-sImv th[n-p. AXn-\m a\-psImp k-ev]n-m sImm-hp--Xn-t\bpw k-ev]nm sIm-cp-Xm--Xn-t\bpw temIw k-ev]n-p-p.
Fs-m a\v ]m]-m th[n--s-n-cn-p-p.
apJy-{]m-W D]m-ky-\m-sWv ImWn-p--Xn-\m-bn,
AXns hnip-Xzw t_my-s-Sp-p-hm-\m-bn, {ipXn Cu
hnNm-cW Bcw-`n-p. AXp-sImv Npv apX-emb tZhX-Isf {ItaW hnNm-cW sNbvXv ]m]-m hn-I-fmWv Iv Xn-bn-cn-p-p.
""AY-l-hw, Npxt{im{Xw, a\x'' CXymZn ap--sXmw
ap]p ]d--Xn-t\mSp Xpey-am-Ipp. ChnsS ]d-n-nm Xzv, ck\ apX- emb tZh- X-Ifpw CXp- t]mse Xs-

193

I bm-Ip-p. CXn-\-\p-Iq-ea- mbn ""Gh-ap-J-teXm tZh Xmx

]m]va`nx'' Fp _rl-Zm-c-WyI {ipXn-bp-ap-v.

AY-lb Ghmbw apJyx {]mW-kvX

arKvZo-Ya
- p-]mkmw N{Intc; Xwlm-kpc
EXzm hnZ[zw kpYm ivam\ amJ-W
arXzmh [zw tkXx

tX\ Xwl _rl-kv]-Xn-cp-ZvKoY ap]m-kmw-Nt{I;

GXap Gh _rl-kv]Xn a\yt hmKvLn
_rl-Xo, Xky Gj-]Xnx
tX\ Xw lm ff bmky DZvKo-Y-ap-]m-kmw Nt{I;
GXap Gh ff bmkyw a\y
Bkym-Zym-b-tX.

AXp-sImv _rl-k]
v Xn B {]mW-\mb DZvKo-Ys
A\-cw Cu apJ- n- ep ""{]mW'' GtXm AXmbn
D]mk
n
p.
Cu
{]mW
s
\
s _rl-kv]-Zn-sbv hnNmDZvKo-Ys D]m-kn-p. Akp-c-m Ahs\ {]m]n-v, B
JW- amb Bivas {]m]nv \in-p- -Xp- t]mse \in- p. cn-p-p. _rlXn Fp ]d-bp-Xv hmm-Ip-p. B
hmn\v {]mW ]Xn-bm-Ip-p.

Ghw bYm f iva\-am-J-W-arXzm hn[zw kX

Ghw sslh khn[zw ktX b Ghw hnZn
]m]w Ima-btX bss \a`n Zmk-Xn-k
Gtjm f ivamJWx

tXX\w l _tIm Zmevt`ym hnZmw NImc;

k l ss\an-io-bm\m apZvKXm _`qh;
k l kvssa`yx Imam\m Kmb-Xn.

AXp-sImv B {]mWs\ Z`ys ]p{X-\mb _I

C{]-Im- c- a- dn-bp- - h- \n, Bcv ]m]s Iman- p-pthm
Adn-p. Ah ss\an-im-cW
- y-n-ep-h
- c
- psS DZvK-XmAh Cs\ BJ-- amb Aivas (in- e- sb) {]m]nv
hmbn `hn-p. Ah Ahm-bn, Ima-sf BKm\w
F{]-Im-c-amtWm \in-p--Xv, A{]-Imcw Xs \insNbvXp!
pp! {]mW-hn-ns\ Bcv lnwkn- p-pthm Ah\pw
BKmXm l ssh Imam\mw `h-Xn,
Cns\ \in- pw. An-s\-b p Cu {]mW-h nv
""Aivam-J-W-am-Ip-p.''
b GX-tZhw hnZym-\--c-ap-ZvKoY

BJWx = Ipgn-m _pn-ap-p

ss\ sshtX-\k
- p-c-`n, \Zpn hnPm
\mXy-]-l -X-]m-]vam-tlyj t\X-b -Z-iv\ mXn
bXv ]n _Xn tXt\ Xcm {]mWm-\-hXn
GXap Ghm-tXm hntm {Iam
Xn, hymZZmtXy hmX CXn.

ap]mkvtX; CXy-[ym-w.
bmsXm-cp-h-\mtWm C{]-Im-c-a-dn-v, Cu Ac-amIp DZvKo-Ys D]m-kn- p- Xv Ah Ima--sf
BKm\w sNp--h-\mbn `hn-p-p. B-hn-j-b-amb
DZvKoXw D]m-k-\-bm-Ip-p.

aqmw Jw

Cu apJy-{]m-W- s\-smv kuc-`y-ap--Xns\ Adn-bpAYm[n ssZhXw: b Ghmku X]-Xn,

n; Zp--ap-- Xn-s\bpw temIw Adn-bp-n- . FsXap-ZvKo-Y-ap-]m-k oX; DZyhm Gj-{]
m Cu apJy-{]m-W ]m]w \on-bh
- -\m-Ipp! Ahs\-sImv Fv Bin- p-p-thm, Fv ]m\w sNp-pPm`ym DZvKm-bXn; DZyw-kvXtam `ba
thm, AXp-sImv {LmWw apX- em-b, ap {]mWsf cn]ln; A]-lm ssh `bky
p-p. Ah-km-\-Im-e-n Cu apJy-{]m-W- s\, apJy-{]mXatkm `hXn b Ghw thZ
W- hr-n-bmb A-]m-\-sf e`n-m--Xp- sIm- p-Xs
{LmWw apX-emb {]mW--fpsS kap-Zmbw icocw hnpC\n tZh- Xm-hn- j- b- amb DZvKo-tYm-]m- k- \- s-p- dnv ]dt]m-hp-p. ac-W-Im-e-n hmbv ]nfpp F-XmWv bp-p. BcmtWm B X]n-p-Xv Ah Xs DZvKoAS-bm-fw.
Ys D]m- kn- - Ww. Ch DZn-p--h-\m-bn- v, {]P-Ipthn DZvKm\w sNp-p. DZnv Xa-n-t\bpw `b-nXw lyvKncm DZvKo-Ym-ap-]mkmw Nt{I;
t\bpw \in-n-p-p. bmsXm- cp-h C{]-Im- c-a-dn-bp- p-thm,
GXap Ghmffv Knckw a\yt f vKm
Ah `b-n-tbpw Xa-n-tbpw \mi-I-\mbn `hn\mw b{Zkx
pp!
B apJy-{]m-W- \mbn DZvKo-Ys Av Kncv D]m-knp. Cu apJy-{]m-W-s\-s BvKn-c-ks
- av hnNm-cnp-p. Fp-sIm-s-m AwK-fpsS ck-am-Ip-p.
AwK-v {]mW-s\ \ne-bn ck-am-bn-cn-p--XpsIm-mWv BvKnc-k-sav ]d-b-s-Sp--Xv.

m\- t`- Z-m {]mW- \pw, BZn- Xy\pw thsd- thsd Ft]mse ImW-s- Spp Fnepw Ahv kzcq- ]- t`- Z-a.n-

kam\ D Ghmbw Nm ku tNmjvtWmf

bapjvtWmf ku, kzc-C-Xo-aam NtX

194

kzc CXn {]Xym-kzc CXy-apw, XkvamZzm

GX ana aapw tNmZvKo-Ya
- p-]m-ko-X.
{]mW-\pw, BZn-Xy\pw KpWw sImv Hcp-t]m- se-bm- W.v
{]mW DjvW-\m- Ip-p. kqcy\pw DjvW- \m-Ip- p. kzc
Fv {]mWs\ ]d-bp-p. kzc Fpw {]Xym-kz-c
Fp BZn-Xys\ ]d-bp-p. AXp-sImv {]mW-\pw, BZnXy-\p-amb Cu DZvKo-Ys D]m-kn--Ww.

AY-Jep hym\-ta-thm-ZvKoY

ap]m-koX;

bssZz-{]m-WnXn k{]mtWm; bZ-]m-\n

Xntkmf ]m\x AYbx {]mWm-]m-\tbmx
knx khym\x tbmhym\x km hmIv
Xkvam-Z-{]m-W\
- -]m-\ hmN-a`n hyml-c-Xn.
C\n hym\-\mbn DZvKo-Ys D]m-kn--Ww. {]mW\w
sNp-Xv GtXm, AXp {]mW-\m-sWp ]d-bp-p. A]am-\n-p-Xv GtXm B hrn hntijw A]m-\-\m-Ip-p.
{]mW-hr- n-b p-tS-b pw, A]m-\-hr-n- bp-tSbpw kn
GXm-tWm, AXv hym\ BIp-p. hym\ GtXm AXp
hmm-Ip-p. AXn-\m {]mWn-m-sX-bpw, A]-am-\n-msXbpw hmv D-cn-p-p.

bmhmIv kIv, Xkvam-Z-{]m-W

- \
]m\-\r-Na
- -`n-hym-l-c-Xn, bIv,
Xm-a, Xkvam-Z-{]m-W
- -\-]m-\
kma-Km-bXn bm ak DZvKoY
kvXkvamZ {]mW--\-]m-\-p-ZvKm-b -Xn.
hmv GXmtWm AXmWv Ev. AXn-\m {]mW-hym]mcw sNm-sX-bpw, A]m-\-hym-]mcw sNm-sX- bpw, EIv
D-cn-p-p. Ev GXmtWm AXp kma-am-Ip-p. AXn\m {]mWn-m-sX-bpw, A]-am-\n-m-sX-bpw, kmas
Km\w sNp-p. kmaw GtXm AXp- Xs DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p.
AXn-\m {]mWn-m-sXbpw A]m-\n-m-sXbpw DZvKm\w
sNp- p.

AtXm bm\y-\ym\n ho-hn

ImWn bYm-t-\-amtPx
kcWw Zr[-\y-[-\pj Bb-a-\a
{]mW--\-]m\w kvXm\o-I-tcmXn;
GX-ky-tltXm hym\ tathm-ZvKoY
ap]m-k n-X .
AXn-\m Ansb IS-s-Sp-p-I, Hcp m\p
\nv a-cn-tm-Sp-I, Dd-p hnp hen-p-I, XpS-nb
I-, {]mWm-]m\ hrn-I IqSmsX temIw sNpp. AXn-\m hym\ Xs-bmb DZvKo-Ys D]m-kn
--Ww.

AY-J-eq-ZvKo-Ym--cm-Wyp-] m-k otXm

ZvKoY CXn; {]mW Gthm-Xv,
{]mtW-\ -lyp-n-j vT-Xn, hmox
hmtNm-l-Knc CXym-N
- -tX,
A-sY, Atlo Zwkhw nXw.

C\n DZvKoYw Fp DZvKo-Ym-- c-sf D]m-kn-Ww. {]mW Xs DX F A-c-am-Ip-p. {]mW-s\sImp Fmw Dm\w sNbvXn-cn-p-p. hmv Knx F
A-c-am-Ip-p. hmp-Is
- f, Kocp-I Fv ]d-bm-dp-v.
Y F A-cs A- ambn ImW-Ww. CsXmw An nXn-sN-p-p.

Zyutc-thm, Z-cow Kox ]rYn-hoYw;

BZnXy Gthm, Zzmbpo, cn-w;
kma-thZ Gthm Zyqth-tZm-Ko,
cytKz-Zw; ZpKvt kvssa, hmKvtZmlw tbm
hmtNm tZmtlmf ]m-\-mtZm `hXn b
GXm-t\yhw hnZzm-\p-Zn-K o-Y m-c-Wyp-]mkvX
DZv-KoY CXn.
tZymhv DXv F A-c-am-Ip-p. B Imcw Ko F
A-c-am- Ip-p. ]rYnhn Y F A-c-am-Ip- p. DXv F
Acw BZn-Xy-\m-Ip-p. hmbp Ko F A-c-am-Ip-p.
An Y F A-c-hp-am-Ip-p. kma-thZw DXv F
A-c-am-Ip-p. bPqthZw Ko F A-c-am-Ip-p.
EtKzZw Y F A-c-am-Ip-p. bmsXm-cp-h C{]-Im-c-adnv DZvKoY Fp A-c-sf D]m-kn-p-p-thm,
Ah- m-bn- p hmv bmsXm-m-tWm, hmntm tZmlw
B tZmls tZml\w sNp-p. am{X-a-, Ah hfsc
A-ap-h
- -\mbpw As B{K-l n-p--h -\mbpw
Xocp- p.

AY-Je
- zmiox karn cp]-k-c-Wm-\oXyp
hmko-X, tb \ kmav\m kvtXmjy kym
Xv kmtam-]-[m-th-Xv.
C\n Ima--fpsS karn Fns\ DmIpw? AXns\-n ]d-bp-p. D]-an-t--hsb [ym\n-t--hs
- b,
Fns\ D]m-kn-Ww? GXp {]tXyI kmaw sImv
kvXpXn-p-hm t]mIp-pthm B kmas D]-[m-h\w
sN-Ww.

bky-arNn Xmar-Nw, bZmtjbw Xarjow

bmw tZh-Xm-a`n tmjy kymXv Xmw
tZh-X m-ap-] -[ m-th-Xv.
GXp En-em-tWm, B En-t\bpw GXp Ejnsb
kw_- n-mtWm B Ejn-tb-bpw, GXp tZh-Xsb kvXpXnp-h m t]mIp- pthm B tZh-X -tbbpw D]-[ m\w
sN-Ww.

195

tb\ Okm kvtXmjy kymX-X

-
D][m thXv, tb\-kvtXm-ta-\-kvtXmjy
amWx kymw kvtXma-ap-]-[m-thXv
GXp Op- p- sImv kvXpXn- p- hm t]mIp- pthm B
O-ns\ Nnn--Ww. GXp kvtXmaw-sImv kvXpXn-phm t]mIp-pthm B kvtXmas Nnn-bpw thWw.

bmw Znia`n-tmkymw Zni-ap-]-[m-thXv

GXp Znns\ A`n-hym-]nv kvXpXn-p-hm t]mIppthm B Znns\ Nnn--Ww.

B-\-a-X D]-krXy kvXphoX Imaw

[ymb {]atmf `ytiml bZwkvssa
k Imax kar-t[yX bImax kvXpho-X.
HSp-hn Xs- s Nnnv Imaw [ym\n-p-sIm-v,
{]amZw hcmsX kvXpXn--Ww. bmsXmcp I-n,
bmsXmcp Ima-tm-Sp-IqSn kvXpXn-p-p-thm, B In, B Imaw AXn-thKw karn {]m]n-pw.

\memw Jw
Hman-tXyX Z-c-ap-ZvKo-Y-ap-]m-knX; HmanXn
lypZvKm-bXn Xtkym] hymJym\w
Hman-tXyX Fp XpSn {]Ir-X-amb A-cs
hopw FSpp ]d-n-cn-p-p. CXv DXvKo-Ym- cw apXem-bh
- b
- psS D]m-k-\-n, CSp apSw h-Xp-sImmWv (""Hm anXym-XXv'' CXymZn Hmw J-ns BZnbn hymJym-\n-n-p-v.)

tZhm ssh artXym_n-`y-X-kv{Xbnw hnZym..

{]mhn-i; tX Otm-`n-c-m-Z-b; btZ`n
cm-Zbw kvX-kmw O-kvXzw.
tZh-m, amc-I-amb Akp-c- ]m-]s `b-s-p-sIm-v,
{Xbo-hn-ln-X-amb Iw Bcw-`n-p. Ah O-p-sImv
AXns\ ad-p. OmZ\w sNp-Xv bmsXm-mtWm AXv,
O-p-I-fpsS O-m-bn-cn-p Ah--bm-Ip-p.

Xm\p X{X arXypYm ay-ap-ZtI

]cn-]tiy tZhw ]-]-iy-Zr-Nn-kmav\n
bPqjn; tX\p hntzmzm ENx
kmavt\m bPqjx kzc-tah {]mhn-i
B tZh-m-sc, sshZoI Iw Bcp-`n-n-pw, arXyp DZI-n ay-s, GXp {]Im-c-n-emtWm ImWp--Xv,
A{]-Imcw Enepw kma-nepw bPq-nepw ImWp-p.
Ah AX-dn-n- v, En\n- pw, kma- n \npw, bPqn\npw hymhr--m- cm-bn-v, kzc-sap ]d-bp Ac-n Xs {]th-in-p.

bZv hm EN-am]vt\m tXymantXy hmXn

kzc-tXyhw
km ssahw bPq-tcj D kztcm btZ-X-c
taX-Z-arX `bw XXv {]hniy tZhm AarXm
A`b A`-h

Ftm Ens\ Aym-b-\w-sImp {]m]n-p-tm,

Atm "Hmw' Fp BZ-c-thmSp IqSn D-c n--Ww.
Cns\ kmas {]m]n-p-tmgpw bPq-ns\ {]m]n-ptm-gpw, Cu Acw GXm-tWm, AXv kzc-am-Ipp. CXv
Aar-X- hpw, A`-b-hp-am-Ip-p. CXns\ {]m]nn-v, tZh-m
Aar-X-m-cm-bpw, A`-b-m-cmbpw Xop.

kb GX tZhw hnZzm-\-cw {]Wu

tXyX tZhm-cw kzc-a-ar-Xa
- -`bw {]hn-iyXn;
XXv {]hn-iy, bZ-arXm tZh-kvX-Z-artXm `hXn
tZh-m-sc-tm-se, bmsXm-cp-h Cu Acw Aar-Xsa-pw, A`-b-sa-p-ap KpW-tmSp IqSn Adnv
kvXpXn-p-p-thm, Ah kzchpw Aar-Xhpw A`-b-hpamb Cu A- c- ns {]th-in-p-p. CXn {]thin-nv tZh-m, GXv Aar-X-Xz-tmSp IqSn-b-h-cmbn `hnp-p-thm, AtX Aar-X-Xz-tmSp IqSn-b-h-\m-bn-ocp-p.

Amw Jw
{]mWm- ZnXy Zrn- tbmSp IqSnb DZvKo- Y-ns D]m- k\
]d-Xp A\p-h-Znv {]W-h-tbpw DZvKo-Y-tbpw
Hmn AXn {]mW--fp-tSbpw civan-I-fp-tSbpw t`Zam-Ip KpW-ap Zrn-tbmSp IqSn-bXpw [mcmfw ]p{Xm-cp-m-IpI F ^e-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw Bb A-cns D]m-k\ ]d-bp--Xn-\mbn D-c-{Kw Bcw-`np-p.

AY-Jep b DZvKoYx k {]Whx k DZv

KoY CXyku hm BZnXy DZvKoY Gj
{]Wh HmanXn tlj-kz-c-tXn
GXmtWm DZvKo-Y-sap ]d-bp-Xv AXv {]W-h-am-Ipp. AXmtWm {]Whw Fp ]d-bp-Xv AXv DZvKo-Y-amIp-p. CXv {]kn--am-Wtm? Cu BZn-Xy DZvKo-Y-am-Ipp. Ch {]W-h-am- Ip- p. Fp-sIm-s- m Ch Hmw
Fp-c
- n-p-sImp Kan-p-p.

GXap Ghml a`y-Km-kn-jw, Xkvam-a

XztatIm f koXnl Iujo-XInx ]p{Xap
hmN; civaowkvXzw ]m-h--bmZv _lpthm
sshtX `hn-jyo Xy[n ssZhX

196

Cu BZn-Xy-cq-]a
- mb DZm-KoYw Xas Rm B`n-apJy-tmsS Km\w sNp-p. AXn-\m F\n-v, \o Hcph am{Xw Dm-bn-cp-p. \o civan-I-fm t`Z-tmSp IqSn
[ym\n-p-p. \n\v hfsc ]p{X-m Dm-Ipw. CXv AXnssZ-hX
- -amb D]m-k-\-bm-W.v

AYm-[ymw b Ghmbw apJyx {]mWkvX

apZvKoY ap]m-koX; Hman-Xn-tlyj kzc-tXn
C\n A[ym {]mW-Zr-n-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp DZvKo-tYm]m-k-\sb ]d-bp-p. Cu apJ-n-ep {]mW GtXm,
AXmbn Xs DZvKo-Ys D]m-kn--Ww. Cu {]mW
""Hmw'' Fv D-cn-p-sIm-m-Wtm t]mIp--Xv.

GXap Ghm-l-a-`y-Km-knjw Xkvam

a-Xz-tatIm f koXnl Iujn-XInx
]p{X-ap-hmN; {]mWmw kvXzw `qam\
a`n-Km-b-XmZv _lthm sshta `hnjyo-Xn.
Cu {]W-\m- Ip DZm- Ko- Y- s- s Rm A`n-Km\w
sNbvXp. AXn- \m F\nv \o Hcp- h am{Xsa Dp Fv,
Ipjo-X-Is ]p{X-t\mSp Rm ]dp. F\np hfsc
]p{X- m Dm-Is Fp A`n-{]m-b-tmSp IqSn, \o
_lp-Xz-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb DZvKo-Ys {]mW--fmbn A`nKm\w sNq.

AY-Je
- p, b DZvKoYx k {]Wthmbx {]Whx
k DZvKoY CXn tlmXrj Z\msshm]n
Zpcp-ZvKoX a\p kam-lc Xo Xy\p kam-l-c-XoXn
DZvKoYw GtXm AXv {]W-h-am-Ip-p. {]Whw GtXm
AXv DZvKo- Y-am- Ip- p.- tlm-Xm- hns m\p \nv, sXmb
DZvKoYw Xncp-n, icn-bm-m-sav Xo-bm-W.v

Bdmw Jw
Cbta hnx kma; XtZ XtZ-Xky arNy
[yqUw kma; Xkvam-Zr-Ny-[ypVw kma-Ko-btX;
Cb-ta-h -km- n-c- a-kvX-X-kma
Cu hrYzn Em-Ip-p. An kma-am-Ip-p. An-s\bp Cu kmaw, Cu hrYn-hn-bm-Ip En, D]-cn-`m-hn Ccn-p--Xm-bn, Km\w sN-s-Sp-p. Cu hrYnhn
km F A-c-am-Ip-p. An Aa-bm-Ip-p. hrYnhnbpw Anbpw tNXv kma-am-Ip-p.

A-co ahKzmbpx kma; XtZX tZXkym

ar Ny [yqVw kma; Xkvam ZrNy [yqVw
kma-Ko
btX; A-co--tah km hmbp-c-a
kvXXv kma.

A-cow Em-Ip-p. hmbp kma-am-Ip-p. Ans\-bp Cu kmaw, Cu En A[yp-V-am-Ip-p. AXn\m kmaw En A[yp-V-ambn Km\w sN-s-Sp-p.
A-cow ""km'' F A-c-am-Ip-p. A-co-hpw
hmbphpw tNXv kma- am-Ip-p.

Zutc hm-ZnXyx kma; XtZX tZXkym

ar Ny [yqVw kma, Xkvam ZrNy [yqVw
kma-Ko-b-tX, Zyutc-hkm ZntXym f
akvXXv kma.
tZymhv Em-Ip-p. AZn-Xy kma-am-Ip-p. An-s\bp Cu kmaw, Cu Ens tase-bmbn nXn sNpp. AXp-sImp kmaw En A[yq-V-ambn Km\w sNs-Sp-p. tZymhp ""km'' F A-c-am-Ip-p. BZn-Xy
""Ba'' F A-c-am-Ip-p. tZymhpw BZn-Xy\pw IqSn-bXv
kma-am- Ip- p.

\-{Xm-tWy-hIv N{am: kma

XtZ XtZ Xkym ar Ny [yqVw kma
Xkvam ZrNy
[yqVw kma KobtX; \-{Xm-tWy-h-kmN
{am Aa-kvX kma
A[yqV kar-n-bp-, Ib-dp
\-{X- Em-Ip-p. N{ kma-am-Ip-p. Ans\-bp Cu kmaw, Cu Ens tase-bmbn nXn
sNp-p. AXn-\m kmaw En A[yq-V-ambn Km\w
sN-s-Sp-p. \-{X- ""km'' F A-c-am-Ip-p.
\-{X- fpw N{\pw IqSn-bXv kma-am-Ip-p.

AYb tZXZm ZnXy-ky-iqw `mx sskh KY

boew ]cx IrjvWw XXv kma; XtZ XtZ
Xkym arNy [yqVw kma; Xkvam ZrNy
[yqVw kma-Ko-btX; AY-btZ sshXZm
ZnXyky ipw `x sskhkm f Yb-oew
]cw IrjvWw XZ akvXXv kma.
AXp-t]mse BZn-Xys ip-amb Zzo]vXn Em-Ip-p.
\oe-ambn Ghpw \mbn ImWp Idpv GtXm AXv
kma-am-Ip-p. An-s\-bp kmaw, Cu En AXypV-am-Ip-p. AXp-sImv kmaw En AXyp-V-ambn
Km\w sN-s-Sp-p. C\n BZn-Xys ip-amb Zo]vXn
GXmtWm AXv ""km'' F A-c-am-Ip-p. \oe-ambn
AXn-i-b-I-c-am-bp ""IrjvW-hw'' GtXm AXv ""Aa''
F i_vZ-am-Ip-p. ip-amb Zo]vXnbpw \oe-amb Idppw
tNXv kma-am-Ip-p.

AYb Gtjm f cm-ZntXy lnc-bx

]pcptjm ZriytX lnc-Wyiva {ipln-cWy

197

tIi B {]W-JmXv k Gh kphx

Xky-bYm I]ymkw ]p-co-I-tah an-Wo,
Xtkym-ZnXn \ma, k Gj kt`yx ]m]va`y
DZnXx DtZXn l ssh kt`yx ]m]va
t`ymb Ghw thZ
BZn-Xys ay-n, lnc-- b-\m-b, bmsXmcp ]pcpjs\ ImWp-p-tm, Ah lnc-Wym-iva-{ip-hpw, lnc-WytI-i- \pw, \hm{Kw apX apgp-h\pw kph-\p-am-Ip-p.
Ahs An-I, I]n-bpsS ]r-ns Xmsg Aw
t]mse-bm-Ip-p. Xma-c-qhv Fn-s\-tbm, An-s\-bm-Ipp. Ahs \maw Ds Fm- Ip-p. An- s\-bp Cu
tZh Fm ]m]- - fn \npw Db- h- \m- Ip- p. bmsXmcp-h C{]-Imcw Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah Fm hn[ ]m]-fn \npw Db-cp-p.

XkyIv N kma N tKjvWu Xkvam-Zp-Zn-KoY

kvXkvamtz thmZvKm ssXX-ky-ln-KmXm
k Gj tb Nmap-jvaXv ]cm-tmtem
ImkvtXjmw tNt tZh-Im-am\mw tN
Xy[n ssZhXw
Ah\v Epw, kma-hpw, app-I-fm-Ip-p. AXn-\m B
tZh DZvKo-Y-sap ]d-bs
- -Sp- p. AXp-sIm- p-Xs
Ds \ma-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu tZhs KmXmhv Dns\
Km\w sNp- -h-\m- Ip-p. An- s\-bp Ds- p-t]-tcmSp-Iq- Snb Cu tZh, BZn- Xy\p taep temI- bmsXmm-tWm, Ah-pw, tZh-Im-a-pw Cui-\m-Ip-p.

Ggmw Jw
hm tKhIv {]mWx kma; XtZ XtZ Xkym
arNyp [yqVw kma; Xkvam ZrNy [yqVw
kma-Ko-b-tX,
hmtK-hkm; {]mtWmax Xma
C\n A[ym-- amb kzcq]w ]d-bp-p. hmv Em-Ipp. {]mW kma-am-Ip-p. A-s\-bp Cu kmaw Cu
En\p taem-bn-cn-p-p. AXp-sImp kmaw En\v
taembn Km\w sN-s-Sp-p. hmv ""km'' F A-cam-Ip-p. {]mW ""Aa'' Fp i_vZ-am-Ip-p. hmpw
{]mW\pw IqSn-bXv kma-am-Ip-p.

Np-tc-h Kmm-kma; XtZ XtZ Xky-arNy

[ypVw kma; Xkvam Zr Ny [yqVw
kma KobtX;
Nptc hkm ff f akvXXv kma
Npv Em-Ip-p. Bmhv kma-am-Ip-p. Ans\-bp Cu kmaw Ens taem-bn-cn-p-p. AXn-\m

kmaw En A[yq- V-ambn Km\w sN- s- Sp- p. Npv

"km' F A-c-am-Ip-p. Bmhv "Aa' F i_vZ-amIp-p. Nppw Bmhpw tNXv kma-am-Ip-p.

t{im{X-ta-hv a\x kma; XtZ

XtZ-kym-ar-Ny-[yqVw kma; Xkvam-ZrNy
[ypVw kma-Ko-btX; t{im{X-ta-hkm
at\m f akvXXv kma.
t{im{Xw Em-Ip-p. a\v kma-am-Ip-p. An-s\bp kmaw Cu Ens taem-Ip-p. AXp-sImv kmaw
En A[yq-V-am- Ibn Km\w sN- s- Sp-p. t{im{Xw "km'
F A-c-am-Ip-p. t{im{Xhpw a\pw IqSn-bXv kmaam-Ip-p.

AY btZ-X-ZvWx ipw `x sskh

KY-b-oew ]cw IrjvWw XXv kma;
XtZ XtZ Xkym arNy [yqVw kma
Xkvam-ZrNy
[yqVx kma-Ko-btX; AY-b-tZ-sshX
ZvWx ipw `mx sskhkm f Yb-o
ew ]cx IrjvWw XZ-a-kvXXv kma.
AXp-t]mse An-bpsS Cu ip-amb Zzo]vXn GtXm
AXv Em-Ip-p. \o-e-ambpw Ghpw IrjvW-am-bp-Xv
GtXm AXv kma-am-Ip-p. An-s\-bp Cu kmaw Cu
En A[yq-V -am-b n-c n-p-p. AXp-sImp kmaw
En\v taem-bn-cn-p-p. kmaw En\p taembn Km\w
sN-s-Sp-p. C\n An-bpsS Cu ip-amb Zo]vXn
GtXm AXv "km' F-Xm-Ip-p. \o-e-ambpw Ghpw
IrjvW-am-bp-Xpw GtXm AXv "Aa' F i_vZ-am-Ipp. AXv iphpw Irjvahpw Bb Zo]vXn-I IqSnb kmaam-Ip-p.

AYb Gtjm f c-nWn

]pcptjm ZriytX sskhIv Xm-a,
XZp-IvYw, XZy PqkvXZv {_ Xssky
Xky XtZh cq]w bZ-ap-jy-cq-]w,
bmh-ap-jy, tKjvWu-Xu-tK-jvWu, bm-aX
ma.
In-\p-n GXp ]pcp-j-\mtWm ImW- s-Sp-Xv AXv
Em-Ip-p. AXv kma-am-Ip-p. AXv DIvY-am-Ip-p. AXv
bPq-m-Ip-p, AXv {_-am-Ip-p, AXv aqp thZ-fpw
BIp-p. Ah-s, B BZnXy ]pcp-js cq]w GtXm,
AXp Xs Cu Nmp-j-tbpw cq]-am-Ip-p. BZn-Xy-]pcp-js ]- Gh-bmtWm Ah Ch-tbpw tKj-W- fm-Ip- p. BZn-Xy-]p- cp-js \ma- ta- tXm, AXv Cu Nmpjs \ma-am-Ip-p.

Nmpjw Bdm-as a\p

198

k Gj tb ssNX kvamZhm-tm-temIm
kvtXjmw tNt, a\p-jy-Im-am\mw tNXn,
XZy Cta hoWmbmw Kmb-tyXw tX
Kmbn Xkvamt [\-k-\bx
C-s \-b p Cu Nmp-j-\ mb ]pcp-j , Cu
Aym-n-I-amb Bm-hn \nv, Cp-d-ap temI-
GXmtWm Ahbvpw a\pjyIma-pw Cui-\m-Ipp. AXn-\m, GXp Kmb-I hoW-bn Km\w sNppthm Ah Chs\ Km\w sNp- p. AXn-\m Ah,
[\-hm-\m-Ip-p.

AYb GX-tZhw hnZym kma-Kmb

Xyp`u kKm-bXn; tkm f apss\h k
Gj tbNm apjvamXv ]cmtm tem
ImkvXmw m f ]vt\mXn tZh-Im-amw-.

cm-Wsm? \n A\p-h-Zn-p ]w, \apv DZvKoYs kw_-nv Nnn-mw.

XtYXn l kap-]-hn-hnipx k l
{]hm-ltWm ssPh-en-cp-hmN `mK-hm
ht{i-h-ZXmw; {_m-W -tbm-ZtXm
hmNw t{imjym-anXn
An-s\-bm- Is Fv ]dv Ah Ccp- p. B Pohe-]p-{X-\mb {]hm-lW
- ]d-p. `K-h
- m BZyw hZnmepw. hmZn-p {_m-W- cmb \n-fpsS hmp Rm
tImw.

k l ineIx imem-h-Xy-ss-InXm
b\w Zmev`y aphmN l Xzm
_rm-\o-Xn, ]rtXn tlm hmN

B ime-hms ]p{X ine-I NnIn-Xm- b\ ]p{X-\mb

bmsXm-cp- C{]-Im-c-a-dn-p-sIm-v, kmaw Km\w Zmev`y-t\mSv ]d-p. ""Av A\p-h-Zn-p ]w AsNp- p- thm, Ah B BZn-Xy-\n IqSn BZn-Xy-\n-ep tbmSv Rm tNmZn-mw.'' CXp tIv at-bm ""tNmZnp
tZh-\m-bn-on-v, Ah-\n \nv taep temI- sImpI'' Fp-cw ]d-p.
GtXm Ah-tb-bpw, tZh-Im-a--tfbpw {]m]n-p-p.

AYmt\ ss\h tb ssNX-kvam-Zhtm

temIkvXmw m ff ]vt\mXn a\p-jy-Im-amw
XkvamZp sslhw hnZp-ZvKmXm {_qbm-Xv.
Iw tX Ima amKm-bm-\oXn; Gj-tlyh
Imam-Km-\-tky-tb Ghw hnZzm
kma-Km-bXn kma-Km-bXn
AXp-t]mse Cu Nmp-j-\n IqSn, Ch-\n \npw
Ap-d-ap temI- Fh-bmtWm Ah-bpw, a\p-jy-Ima-sf {]m]n-pp. AXn-\m C{]-Im-c-a-dn-bph\mb
DZvKm-Xmhv tNmZn-p-p. ""\n\v GXp Imas Rm
BKm\w sNWw?'' Fs-m bmsXm-cp- Cu
{]Im- c-a-dnp kmaw Km\w sNp- pthm Ah Ima-sf
B Km\w sNp--Xn-\v, Cui-\mbn `hn-p-p.

Fmw Jw
{Xtbm tlmZv KotY Ipiem _`qhpx ineIx
imem-h-Xy, ssIn-Xm-bt\m Zmev`yx,
{]hm-ltWm ssPh-en-cnXn tXmtlmNp
cpZvKKIotY ssh Ipiex kvtam ltmZv
KotY IYmw hZma CXn.
iem-hms ]p{X-\mb ine-I, NnIn-Xm-b-\s ]p{X\mb `mev`y, Poh-es ]p{X-\mb {]hm-l-W, Cs\
aqp-t] DZvKo-Y-n Ipi-e-m-cm-bn-p- m-bn-cp- p.
Ah ]dp \mw DZvKo-Y-n Ipi-e-m-scp {]kn--

Imkmavt\m KXn-cnXn kzc-C-XntlmhmN

kzc-ky-Im-K-Xn-cn-Xn, {]mW CXn-tlm-hmN
{]mW-kyIm KXn-cn-Xn, A-anXn tlm hmN
Aky Im KXn-cnXn B] CXn-tlm-hm-N

kma-n\v B{ibw FmWv? Fv ine-I tNmZnp. Zmev`y kma-n\p KXn kzc-am-sWv Dcw ]dp. kzc-n\p KXn Fm-sWv tNmZn-p. {]mW
Fp-cw ]d-p. {]mW-\p- KXn FmWv Fp tNmZnp. A-sa-p-cw ]d-p. A-n\p KXn FmsWv tNmZn-p. AXn\v Ap-I Fv Dcw ]d-p.
A- ap-m-Ip--X,v Ap-I \nan--am-Wtm?

A]mw Im KXn-cnXn; Aku-temI CXn

tlmhmN Aap-jy-tem-I-kyIm KXn-cnXn;
\ kzw temI-a-Xn-\tb ZnXn tlmhmN;
kzKw hbw temIw kmam-`n-kw-m-]-bmax,
kzK kwkvXmhw ln kma CXn.
Ap-Iv FmWv KXn-sbp tNmZn-p. AttemIw Fp ]d-p. At-tem-I
- n\v FmWp KXn
Fp tNmZn-p. Zmev`y AXn-\p-cw ]d-p. kz-amIp temIw IS-n-sImp t]mI-bn Fm-Wv. AXn\m \ kmas kz-tem-I
- n A`n-kw-m-]nmw. kmaw kz-sa \ne-bn kvXpXn--s-Sp--Xm-W.v

Xw l ineIx ime-h-Xy-ss-In-Xm-b\w
Zmev`y aphmNx A{]-Xn-nXw Ine tX
Zmev`y-kma; bkvtXz-Xln {_qbm aq
mtX hn]n-Xn-jy-co-Xn, aqmtX hn]tX ZnXn.

199

C{]-Imcw ]d NnIn-Xm-b-\-]p-{X-\mb Zmev`y-t\mSv

imem-h-Xy-\mb ine-I ]dp: Atbm Zmev`y, \ns
A`n-{]m-b-n kmaw A{]-Xn-n-X-am-bn-cn-p-p. Bscnepw Hcp-h Ctm \ns aqmhv hn]-Xnpw Fv
]d-Ib
- m-sW-n \ns aqmhv hn]-Xn-ptam?''

lm lta-XZv `K-htXm thZm-\nXn; hnnXn

tlmhmN Aapjy temIky ImK-Xn-cnXn; \{]
Xnmw temI-a-Xn-\tb ZnXn-tlm-hmN
{]Xnmw hbw temIw kmam-`n-kw-m-]-bmax
{]Xnm kwkvXm-hwln kmtaXn

{]Xn-jvT-am-Ip-p. aqp Ime- n-epw, `qX--fsS

p Dn
nXn-e-b- BIm-i- n-em-Ip-p.

k Gj ]tcm-hco bm\p-ZvKoYx k Gtjm

\x, ]c-h-cotbm lmky `hXn; ]tcm
hco-btkm l temIm PbXn b GX
tahw hnZzm ]tcm-h-co-bmw-ka
- p-ZvKoY
ap]mkvtX

A-s\-bp Cu DZvKoYw ]c\pw ]tcm-h-co-b-\p-amIp-p. An-s\-bp Cu DZvKoYw A\--am-Ip-p. Bcv

C{]-Im-c-a-dnv ]tcm-h-co-b-\mb Cu DZvKo-Ys D]m-knAv A\p- h-Zn-p-I-bm-sW-n CXv Rm ]qPy-\mb p-pthm Ah\p D-tcm-cw hnin--X-c-amb Poh\w
At- bpsS ASp- \nv Adn-bp-hm B{K- ln-pp Dm-Ip- p. Ah D-tcm-cw hnin- - X- c- - fmb temIFv Zmev`y ]d-p. Adn- p-sIm-pI Fv ine-I Pbn-p-p.
D-chpw ]d-p. At temIn-\p -KXn FmWv?
Xw ssl XaXn[\zm iu\I DZc imn
Fp tNmZnp. Cu temIw Fv Dcw ]d-p. {]Xneymtbm-tzm-hmN bmhXv X G\w
jvT-bmb Cu temIs IS- n-sIm-p-t]m- I-bn- . Fpw
{]Pmbm apZvKoYw thZn-jy-t, ]tcm-hco
Dcw ]d- p. \appw kmaw {]Xn-jT
v -amb temI- n
tbm ssl`y-kvXm-h-Z-kvan tmI Poh\w
A`n-kw-m-]n-mw. Fs-m kmaw {]Xn-jvT-bmbn
kvXpXn--s-Sp--Xm-W-tm.
`hn-jy-X n.

Xwl {]hm-ltWm ssPh-en-cp-hm-N,

Ah ssZzIn-etX imem-h-Xy, kma,
bkvtXz Xln {_qbm-ptX hn]-Xnjy
XoXn aqmtX hn]tX ZnXn lml
taXXv `htXm thZm-\oXn hnoXn tlmhmN

An-s\-bp Cu DZvKo-Ys ip\Is ]p{X- \mb

AXn [\zmhv DZ-c-im-n- ey\v ]dp sImSp-nv ]d- p.
\ns k-Xn-I-fn bmsXm-cp- Ah-km\w hsc Cu
DZvKoYw Adn-bp-tam, Ah hscpw Ch temI-n
D-tcm-cw hnin--amb Poh\w e`n-p--Xm-W.v

XYm apjvan temICXn kb GX-tahw

Ah-t\mSv Poh-e-] p-{X-\mb {]hm-l-W ]d-p.

hnZzm-\p-]mkvtX ]tcm-h-cob Gh
Atbm imem-h-Xym, \ns A`n-{]m-b-n kmaw Almkym-k va n
ap- -Xm-Wtm? Bsc- nepw \ns aqmhv hn]- Xn- p- sav
temtI Poh\w `hXn XYm f apjvan temtI
Cu k`-n ]d-bp ]w \ns aqmhv hn]-XntemI CXn temtI temI CXn
ptam? Ahn-Ss A\p-hm- Z-ap ]w Rm CXv am\y\mb Ahn-Ss ASp- \nv Adn-bp-hm B{K-lnAXp-t]mse ]c-tem-I-n ]tcm-h-co-b-amb temIw
pp Fv ine-I ]d-p. AXn\v Adn-p-sImI knn-pw. imn-ey-t\mSv iu\-I ]d-p. Bcv C{]Fv {]hm-l-W Dcw ]d-p.
Im- c-a-dnv DZvKoYw D]m-kn-p-p- thm, Ah\p Cu temIn D-tcm-cw hnin--X-c-am-bn-- t-bp Poh\w
Dm-Ip-p. A{]-Imcw ]c-tem-I-n temIw knn-pH]Xmw Jw
p. temtI-temI CXn Fp cp {]mhiyw ]d-n-cnp-Xv DZvKo-tYm-]m-k\w kam-]X
v -ambn Fp ImWn-pAky-tem-Iky Im KXn-cnXn; BImi CXn
X
n\
mW
.
v
tlmhm-N, khmWn lhm Cam\n `qXm\ym

Imim-tZh kap]-Zyt; BImiw {]

XykvXw bn; BIm-tim-tlym-ssh-t`ymPym
bm; BImix ]cm-bWw
Cu temI-n\v KXn Fsp tNmZn-p. BIm-isap ]d-p. Cu `qX--sfmw BIm-i- p-\n-p-Xs
Dm-Ip-p. BIm-i- n AkvX-an-p-p. BImiw Cu
`qX-sf Fm-n-t\bpw Im al--c-am-W.v BImiw

]mw Jw
aS Nol-tXjp Ipcp-jzm-SnIym kl-Pmb
tbmj-kvXnl Nm{Im-bW C`y-{Kmta
{]m {ZmWI Dhm-k.
Ipcp-tZ-i-p kky- CSn-o- sImp \in-n-s--tm C`y-{Km- a- n N{Is ]p{X- \mb DjkvXn F

200

I B kv{Xoe--W- apgp-h hp XnI-n-n-m

`mcy-tbmSp IqSn, Aw e`n-m-bvI-bm I-n-Xn-bnembngn-p-h- p.

kwtl`yw Ipevam-jm JmZw _n`n-tXw

tlmhmN: t\tXm f t\y hnZyt; ba
Ca D]-\n-lnXm CXn.
Ah Ipn-X--fmb amj-sf `n-p-sIm-n-cnp C`y-t\mSv `n tNmZn-p. Dj-kvXn-tbmSv C`y ]dp. Fs ASp- ]m{X-n-en-n-p Cu Ipevam-j (Hcp hI [m\yw) Gh-bmtWm Ah-b-msX thsd
C. Rm FmWp sNpI?

GtXjmw tatZ-lnXn tlmhmN; Xm\kvssa

{]Z-sZu; lm\p ]m\-anXn; Dnw
sshta ]oXw kymZnXn tlmhmN
C`y ]d-- Xp-tIv Ch F\np Xcq Fv DjkvXn
]d-p. Ah Dj-kvXnv sImSp-p. A\-cw ASp-ncn-p Pew Nqn CXm A\p- ]m\w Fv C`y ]d-p.
Rm IpSn-p-Xv Dn-jT
v -am-bn-cn-p-atm F DjkvXn
]d-p.

\ kzntZtX ]pnm CXn \hm A

Pohn-jy-an-am\ JmZ-nXn tlmhmN
Imtama DZI ]m\-anXn
Cu Ipevam-j-fpw Dn---fmtWm C`y tNmZn-p.
Cu Ipevam-j- `- C- m-Xn-cp- m Rm Pohn--bn
Fp shw IpSn-p-Xv Fs C-amWv Fpw
DjkvXn ]d-p.

k l JmZnXzm f Xnti-jm Pmbmbm

BP lmc; km f {KX Gh kp`n-m-_-`qh;
Xm {]Xn-Krly \nZ[u
Ah `n-n-v, an-ap Ipjva-j-sf `mcyv
sImp-sNp sImSp-p. Ahp AXn\p ap]m-bns \ `n e`n-n-cp-p. AXn-\m Dj-kX
v n-sIm-psN Ipjvam-j
- sf hmn, kqn-p-h
- p.

k l {]mXx kwPn-lm\ DhmN: bZv

_Xm--ky-et- `-a-ln, et`-a-ln-[\
am{Xmw; cmPm f kub--tX, kam
kssh cmn-ssP hrWo-tX-Xn.
DjkvXn cmhnse \n{Z shSn--tm ]d-p. Fp
sNmw? Aev]w Aw \app e`n-s-n, Aev]w [\w
\apv Inp-am-bn-cp-p. CXm cmPmhv bmKw sNp-hm
t]mIp-p. Ah Fm-h-Ibpw e`n-p EXzn-p-If
- psS
I-mbn Fs hcn-p-am-bn-cp-p.

Xw Pmtbm hmNx l! ]X Ca Gh
Ipevamjm CXn; Xm JmZnXzm f apw bw
hnX-X -ta-bmb

Dj-kvXn-tbmSv `mcy ]dp: `mth An-s\-bmsW- n Cu Ipevam- j- Xsbp- tm. DjkvXn Ah

`n-nv hnkvXm-c-ap B bs {]m]n-p.

Xt{Xm-Zv-KmXr \mkvXm thkvtXmjy-am-W\

- pt]m
hhn-thi kl {]-kvtXm-Xmc aphmN
(A-h) bmK--ev sNp. kvXpXn-p eamb BkvXm-h-n kvXpXn-p-hm t]mIp DZvKm-Xm-fmb Bfp-If
- psS ASp- Ccp-p. Ah {]kvXm-hnt\mSp ]dp

{]kvtXm Xm tZhXm {]-kvXm-h-a\zm

bm Xmw tNZ hnZzm {]kvtX
jykn aqmtX hn]-Xn-jy-Xo-Xn.
{]kvtXm-Xmth! GXp tZh-X-bmtWm {]kvXm-h-n
A\p-K-X-bm-bn-cn-p-- Xv, AXv Adn-bmsX \o {]m-hn-phm t]mhp-I-bm-sW-n, \ns aqmhv hoWp-t]mhpw
Fv ]d-n-cn-p-p.

Ghta thmZvKm-c-ap-hmN DZvKm-Xw tZhtXm

ZvKoY a\zm-b-m, XmwtNZ hnZzm-\p-ZvKmky
kn aqmtX hn]-Xn-jy-XoXn
Gh-tah {]Xn-lmc aphmN {]Xn
lm tZhXm {]Xn-lmc a\zm-b-m,
Xmw tNZ-hn-Zzm {]Xn-l-cn-jykn aqm-tX,
hn]-Xn-jy-XoXn tXl kam-cXm kvXpjvWo
amkmw N{Intc
DZvKm-Xm-hn-t\mSv Cs\ ]dp: DXvKm-Xmth GXp
tZh-X-bmtWm DZvKo-Y-n A\p-K-X- bm-bn-cn-p-Xv B
tZh-Xtb Adn-bmsX \o ZvKo\w sNm t]mhp-I-bm-sWn \ns aqmhv hn]-Xnpw Cns\ {]Xn-lmhn-t\mSp ]d- p. {]Xn- lmth GXp tZh- X-bmtWm {]Xnlm-c
- n A\p-K-X-bm-bn-cn-p--Xv, B tZh-Xsb Adnbm-sX, \o {]Xn-l-cn-p-hm t]mIp-I-bm-sW-n, \ns
aqmhv hn]-Xn-pw. Ah I- -fn \np-a-S-n-bh-cm-bnv Nm{I-b-Hm-W--`n-ap-J-am-bnv anm-sX-bn-cp-p.

]Xn- s \mmw Jw
AY ssl\w bP-am\ DhmN:- `K-hw
hm Alw hn hnZn-jmWn Xn Dj-kvXn-ckvan
Nm{Im-bW CXn-tlm-hm-N.
Dj-kvXn- tbmSv bmKw sNp cmPmhv ]dp `K- hmt\
Rm Adn- bp- - Xn-\m-{K- ln- p- p. Rm N{Is ]p{X- \mb

201

I Dj-kvXn-bm-Ip-p. Fv Nm{Im-b-W Dcw ]d-p.

ktlm-hmN: `K-hw hm Al-ta`nx
kss-cmzn ssPyx ssjnjw, `K
htXmhm Al-a-hnym f \y\-hr-jn.
`Khmw kvtXzhta kss-cmzn ssPycnXn
XtY-Xn. AY-XtlyX Gh ka-Xn-krm:
kvX phXmw bmh-t-t`ym-[\w
ZZym-kvXm-h--a-ZZym
CXn. XtY Xnl-b-P-am\ DhmN
bP-am-\ ]dp: Rm Cu Fm EXzn-p-I-fpsS
I-m-bpw, `K-hms\ At\z-jn-p. `K-hms\ Inm-Xp-sIm-mWv Rm thsd Bfp-Isf hcn--Xv. Fs
Fm EXzn-I-pw C\n `K- hm Xs thWw. A{]Imcw BIs Fv DjkvXn k-Xn-p. A-s\-bm-sWn Ap-apt hcn-n-p--h-sc--s, Fm A\ph-Zn--s--h-cm-bnv kvXpXn--s. Ahv F{X-[\w \o
sImSp-p-pthm A{Xbpw F\npw Xc-Ww. An-s\bm-Is Fv bP-am-\ ]d-p.

AY ssl\w {]kvtXm-tXm-]-k-km-Z-{]kvtXm
Xm-tZ-hXmw {]kvXm-h-a-\zm-b-mXmw tNZ
hnZzm {]kvtXm-jykn; antX hn]-Xn-jyXn
Xnam `K-hm-\-thm-NXv IXam km tZhXm
CXn.

\pZv Kmky-kn, aqmtX hn]-Xnjy XoXn

am `K-hm-\thm NXv, IX-amkm tZhXm

CXn.
DZvKm-Xmhv Dj-kvXnsb hn\-b-tm-Sp-IqSn D]-K-an-p.
DZvKm-Xm-th, GXp tZh-X-bmtWm DZvKo-Y-n A\p-K-Xbm-bn-cn-p-Xv B tZh-Xsb Adn-bmsX \o DZvKm\w
sNp-Ib
- m-sW-n \ns aqmhv hn]-Xnpw Fv
FtmSv `hm ]d-p-h- tm. DZvKoY `n-bn A\pK-X- bmb B tZhX GXmWv?

BZnXy CXn tlmhmN: khmWn hm

Cam\n `qXm-\ym-ZnXy apssx kw-Km-bn;
sskjm tZh-tXm-XvKoY a\zm-b-m, Xmw
tNX hnZzm\p ZKm-tkym, aqmtX
hy]-Xn-jyXv
XtYm- -k y- a-tb-X n.
BZn-Xy Fp ]dp Cu `qX--sfmw apI-fn
nXn-sN-p BZn-Xys\ Km\w sNp-p. DZvKo-Y-`-nbn A\p-K-X-bmb tZhX CXm-Ip-p. B tZh-Xtb AdnbmsX \o DZvKm\w sNbvXn-cpp Fn C{]-Imcw ]d-bs \ns aqmhv ]Xn-p-am-bn-cp-p.

AY ssl\w {]Xn-ltm-h-k-kmZ: {]Xn

lm tZhXm {]Xn-lmc a\zm-b-m,
Xmw tNZ-hn-Zzm {]Xn-l-cn-jy-kn, aqm

hop {]kvtXm-Xmhv Dj-kX

v nsb hn\-b-tmSp IqSn
tX hn]-Xn-jy-XoXn am `K-hm\ thmNXv;
D]-K-an-p. {]kvtXm-Xmth GXp tZh-X-bmtWm {]kvXm-h-`IXam km tZhXm CXn.
n-bn A\p-K-X-bm-bn-cn-p-Xv B tZh-Xsb Adn-bmsX
{]kvXm-hn-p-hm t]mhp-I-bm-sW-n, \ns aqmhv
A\-cw {]Xn-lmhv Dj-kX
v ntb D]-k-Zn-p. {]Xnhn]-Xn-pw. Fv FtmSv `K-hm ]d-p-htm? B lm-th, GXp tZh-X-bmtWm {]Xn-lm-c-n A\p-KtZhX GXmWv?
X- bm-bn-cn-p--Xv, B tZh-Xtb Adn-bmsX \o {]Xn-l-cn{]mW CXn tlmhmN khmWn lhm Cam\n -bm-sW-n \ns aqmhv hn]-Xnpw Fv FtmSv
`hm ]d-p-htm? B tZhX GXmW?

`qXm\n {]mW-ta-hm-`n-kw-hn-in; {]mW-a`yp

nltX; sskjm tZhXm {]kvXm-h
-a-\zm-b-m,
Xmw tNZ-hn-Zzm {]kvtXmtjym
aqmtX hy]
XnjyXv XtYm- -ky-a-tb-Xn.

D]-kZv ip{iq-jn-p-I, Acn-I-n-cn-p-I.

A-anXn tlmhmN; khmWnl hm Cam\n
`qXm-\y- -tah {]Xn-l-ca
- m-W m\n Pohn
sskjm tZhXm {]Xn-lm-c-a-\zm-bm; Xmw tNZ
hnZzm {]Xy-lc
- n-tjym, aqmtX hy]-Xn-jyXv

{]mW Fp ]d-p. Cu `qX--sfmw {]mW-s\XtYm-ky atb-Xn, XtYm-k

- y-a-tbXn
s A`n-kw-th-in-p-p. {]mWs\ A`n-e-`n-nv DZvKan-p-p. An-s\-bp CXv {]kvXm-h`- -n-bn, A\pA- sav ]dp Cu `qX--sfmw A- s- Xs
K-X-bmb tZh-Xsb Adn-bmsX \o {]kvXm-hn-n-cp-s-n
{]Xn-l-cn-p-sImv Pohn-p-p. {]Xn-lm-c-`-n-bn A\pA{]-Imcw ]d-b-s \ns aqmhv hn]-Xn-p-am-bn-cp-p.
K-X-bmb tZhX A-am-Ip-p. B tZh-Xsb Adn-bmsX
AY ssl\-ap-ZvKtXm ]k-kmZ DZvKmX
\o {]Xn-l-cn-n-cpp Fn A{]-Imcw ]d-b-s \ns
aqmhv ]Xn-p-am-bn-cp-p.
mtZ-h-tXm-XvKoY a\zm-bm Xmw tNZ-hnZzm

202

I ]{mw Jw
AYmXx iuh DZvKoYx X-_tIm Zmevt`ym
mthm hm ssat{Xbx kzm[ymb apZz {]mP
C\n CXp apX izm-fm Ip-]n-Sn--s DZvKm-\amb kmaw ]d-bs
- -Sp-p. AXn Zs ]p{X-\m-b,
_It\m an{X-bpsS ]p{X-\mb mht\m kzm[ymbw sNp-Xn-\mbn DZv{hPn-p. {Kma-n\p shfn-bn-ep hnP-\-e-p Pe-k-ao-]v Fn-Im-n-cp-p.

Xkvssa iztizXx {]mZp_-`qh; Xa-t\ym-izm\

D]-k-tatXym Np Aw t\m `K-hm\m Kmb
Xzi-\m-b-ahm CXn.
B Ejnv shfp \nd-ap izmhv {]Xy--am-bn.
AXns ASp- sNv ap- izm- ]d-p. `K-hm- \mb
Av Rv As B Km\w sImp-m-n-cq. Rv hni-p-p.

Xm tlmhmN: Cssl-ham {]mX-cq-]-ka

- obm
tXXn X _tIm Zmevt`ym mthm hm
ssat{Xbx
{]Xn-]m-ebmw NImc
B, izm-tfmSv ]dp cmhnse Chn-sS, Fs ASp hcp-hn. AhnsS Zev`-]p- {X-\mb _It\m an{X-bpsS
]p{X-\mb mht\m Imn- cp-p.

tX l bssY thl _ln-jv]-h-am-t\\

kvtXmjy-amWmx kwc_v[mx k-o-tXymh
amk-k r-]p- kvt\l kap-] -hn-iy-lnw-N{Ipx
F {]- I mcw I- n _ln- j v ] - h - a m- \ - s a
kvtXm{XwsImv kvXpXn-p-hm t]mIp-- h At\ym\yw
tNv h- n Npptm C{]- Imcw Biy- h-n
Npn Ccp-nv lnw F i_vZw ]pd-s-Sp-hn-p.

Hm3 aZm3 tamw]n_m3 tamw3 tZth-h-cpWx

{]Pm-]Xnx khn-\m2 f anlm2 ff lc--]tXm
3f -an-lm2 ff lcm 2 ff ltcm 3 anXn.
Hmw R `n-p-am-dm-I-s, Hmw R ]m\w
sNp- am-dm-Is; Hmw tZymX\w sNp--Xn-\m tZh\pw PKn\p hrn \evIp--Xn-\m hcp-W\pw {]P-Isf ]me\w
sNp--Xn-\m {]Pm-]-Xn-bpw, k-tbpw {]k-hn-p-Xn-\m khn-Xm-hpw, Bb BZn-Xy Rv Aw
Xc-s. Fm A-n\p ]Xn-bm-bn-p--ht\ ChnsS
Rp Aw Xcq. As Bl-cn Hmw

]Xn-aqmw Jw
(`-n-hn-jb
- -amb D]m-k-\-amWm CXp-hsc ]d--Xv.

kma-ns asmcp `mK-amb kvtXmZm--c-sf kw_n--hbpw Hcp-anp Xs A\p-jvTn-t--Xp-amb D]mk-\--sf-n C\n ]d-bp-p.)

Abw hmh-temtIm lm DImtcm hmbp

lmC-Imw, {am Al-Imcx, Bt
lIm tcm f nco-Imcx
""lmD'' F i_vZw Cu temI-am-Ip-p. lmC F
i_vZw hmbp-hm-Ipp AY F kvtXm`w N{-\m-Ip-p.
Cl F i_vZw Bm- hm- Ip-p. Cu F i_vZw Anbm-Ip-p.

BZnXy DuIm-tcm, \nlh GImtcm

hntiz-tZhm Hu tlmbn-Imcx, {]Pm-]
-Xnlnw-Imcx
{]mWx kztcm, f w bm, hmKzn-cmSv
DuImcw BZn-Xy- \m-Ip- p. GImcw Blzm\w BIp-p.
Hmtlmbn F kvtXm`w hniz-tZ-h
- m-cm-Ip-p. lnwImcw
{]Pm-]-Xn-bm-Ip-p. kzc-sa kvtXm`w {]mW-\m-Ip-p. b
F kvtXm`w A- am- Ip-p. hmIv F kvtXm`w hncm-mIp-p.

A\n-cq--kv{X-tbm-Zix kvtXm`x kwN

tcmlpw Imcx lpw Imc-sa ]Xn-aq-m-as kvtXm`w
C-sXp \nh-Nn--s-Sp-hm Ign-bm-Xpw hnI-ev]n-s-Sp kzcq-]-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw BIp-p.

ZpKvt f kvssa hmKvtZmlx, tbm hm tNmtZm

lx, A-hm-\-mtZm `hXn; b GXm-tah
kmav\m ap]-\n-jZw thtZ-]-\n-jZw thZ
Bcv C{]-Imcw Cu kma--fpsS D]-\n-j-ns\ Adnbp-pthm B km[-I\v hmv, hmns tZmlw Fp
]d-bp tZmls tZml\w sNp-p. Ah A-ap-h-\mbpw A- sf AZn-p--h-\mbpw `hn-p-p.

Aymbw cv
Hmw Jw
(Fm kma-n-epw, Fm kma-tbpw kw_-n
D]m-k-\--sf--n-bmWv C\n ]d-bp--Xv.)

Hmw ka-kvX\y Jep kmav\ D]m-k\w km[p;

bX Jep km[p-XXv kmtaXym N-tX; bZ
km[p-XZ kmta-Xn.
Fm Ah-b-h
- -tfmSpw IqSnb kma-ns D]m-k\
km[p-hm-Ip-p. GXmtWm km[p-hm-bn-p-Xv AXns\
kmaw Fv _pn-amm ]d-bp-p.

203

XZp-Xm-]ymlpx kmavss\-ap-]m-Km-Zn-X n, km[p

ss\\-ap-]m-Km-Zn-tXy-hX Zmlpx Akmav
ss\\-ap-]m-Km-ZnXn Akm-[p-ss\\ ap]m
KmZn-tXy-hX Zmlpx
B hnj-b
- n kma-am-bnp CXp-am-{X-a D-Xv.
Chs\ D]-Ka
- np Fp ]d-bp-p. AhnsS tim`-\-ambn
Chs\ D]-Ka
- np Fp ]d-bp-p. Akm-a-ambn Chs\
D]-K-anp Fp ]d-bp-p. AhnsS Atim-`-\-ambn #nhs\
D]-K-anp Fp Xs ]d-bp-p.

AtYm-Xm-]ymlpx kma-t\m-_-tX-Xn, bXv km[p

`h-X n, km[p-_-tX-tXy-h-XZ- mlpx Akm-[ pt\m
_tXXn; bZ km[p-`-hXy km[p _tX-tXy-hX
Zmlpx
AXp-t]mse C\n-bp-ap-v. ktmjw \apv kma-ambn-cn-pp Fp ]d-bm-dp-v. AhnsS GXmtWm km[phmbn kw`- hn-p-Xv km[p-hm-bn-cn-pp; ktm-j-am-bncn-p-p. Iw \apv Akm-a-am-bn-cn-pp Fp ]dbm-dp-v. AhnsS km[p-hmbn kw`-hn-p-Xv GtXm AXv
Akm-[p-hm-bn-cn-pp; I-am-bn- cn-p-p.

kb Ghw hnZzm km[p kmta-Xyp-]mkvtX f

`ymtim-lb tZ\w km[thm [w
B NKt bpcq-]-N\
- -tabpx
Bcv kmaw km[p-sh--dnv D]m-kn-p-p-thm,
Ahs\ icn-bmb [- BK-an-p-I-bpw, t`mKy-fm-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNpw. thK-n ip`-^-e- A\p`-hn-p-am-dm-Ipw.

cmw Jw
temtIjvT ]-hn[w ktam-]-koX: {]Ynhn
lnwImtcm f nx {]kvXmthm co--ap-KvZoY
BZnXyx {]Xn-lmtcm Zyun-[-\-an-Xyptjp
temI--fmbn Ap-hn-[-amb kmaw D]m-kn--Ww.
]rYnhn lnw Imc-am-h p-p. An {]kvXm-ha
- m-Ip-p.
BImiw DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. BZn-Xy {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip-p.
tZymhv\n-[- \-am-Ip-p. Duz-K- X--fm-b, temI- -sf-p
Zrn-tbm-Sp-I q-Snb kmtam-]m-k -\ w, C-s \-b m-Ip- p.
hmkv X-h-n-ep--h-bm-bn-cp- m-epw, Aim-kv{Xo-b-amb
[--sf, D]m-kn--Xp-sImv ^e-an-.

AYm ffhrtjvTx Zyulnw-Im-c, BZnXyx

{]kvXmthm f co--ap-ZvKo-tYm, f nx
{]Xn-lmcx
]rYn-h n-\ n-[ \w

C\n apI-fn\np Iogvt]m-p temI--sf-p

ZrjvTn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn, Ap-hn-[-n- ep kma-ns D]mk\ ]d-bp-p. tZymhv lnwIm-c-am-Ip-p. BZn-Xy {]kvXmh-am-Ip-p. A-cow DZm-Ko-Y-am-Ip-p. An {]Xn-lm-cam-Ip-p. ]rYn hn\n-[-am-Ip-p.

Iev]t lmkvssa-tem-Im-Dum- ff -hrm

b GX-tZhw hnZzm temtI-jvT-]
hn[w kmtam-]mkvtX
Bcv C{]-Im-c-a-dnv temI--fmbn Cu Ap hn[n-ep-ap kmas D]m-kn-p-pthm Cu D]m-k-I\v
Xmtg- \np taevt]m-p--hbpw apI-fn \np Iogvt]m-p-hbpw Bb temI- t`mKy--fmbn knn-p-p.

aqmw Jw
hru ]-hn[w ktam-]m-koX: ]ptcm-htXm
lnwImtcm tatLm PmbtX k {]kvXmhx
hjXn
k DZvKo-tYm, hntZym-XtX kvX\-bXn k{]
Xnlmcx DZvKr-lvWmXn Xn-[\w
hrn-bmbn Ap-hn-[-n-ep kmas D]m-kn-Ww. Ing- Imv lnwIm-c-am-Ip-p. taLw Dm-Ip-Xv
{]kvXm-h- am-Ip-p. hjn-p-Xv DZvKo- Y-am-Ip-p. ananp--Xpw, CSn shp-Xpw {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip-p. ag AS-pXv \n[-\-am-Ip-p.

hjXn-lmkvssa hj-bXn lb GX
tZhw
hnZzm hru-]--hn[w kmtam-hmkvtX
Bcv Cs\ Adnv hrn- bmbn Ap- hn-[-n- ep
kams D]m-kn-p-pthm Ah-\mbn hjn-p-p.
Ah hjn-n-bpw sNp-p.

\memw Jw
khm-k z]vkp ]-hn[w kmtam-hm-koX:
taLm
bXv kw-htX klnw-Im-tcm, bZzjXn k{]
kvXmthm, bmx {]mNyx kyt k DZvKo-tYm,
bmx {]NoNyxk {]Xn-lmcx kapt{Zm \n[-\w.
Fm Ap-I-fp- ambn Ap-hn- [-n- ep kmas D]mkn-Ww. taLw Db-cp-Xv lnwIm-c-am-Ip-p. hjn-pXv {]kvXm- h-am- Ip- p. Ing- tm- sm- gp- Ip \Zn- I Ghtbm
AXv DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. ]Sn-m-tdmv Hgp-Ip \Zn-I
Ghtbm Ah {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip-p. kap{Zw \n[-\-am-Ip.
p-

204

\ lm]v kp ss{]Xy-]vkp-am `hXn b

GX-tZhw hnZzm khm-kz]vkp ]-hn[w
kmam-] kvtX
Bcp C{]-Im-c-a-dnv Fm Ap-I-fp-am-bn, Ap-hn[-amb kmas D]m-kn-p-p-thm, Ah Ap-If
- n
acn--bn-. Ap-I-fp--h-\m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNpw.

Amw Jw
EXp jp ]-hn[w kmtam-]m-knXx hktm
lnwImtcm {Kojvax {]kvXmthm hjm DZvKoYmx
icXv {]Xn-lmtcm tla-tm-\n-[\w
EXp--fmbn Ap-hn-[-n-ep kmas D]m-kn-Ww. hkw lnwIm- c-am-Ip- p. {Kojvaw {]kvXmham-Ip- p.
hjw DZvKo- Y-am-Ip-p. icv {]Xn- lm- c-am-Ip-p. tlaw
\n[-\-am-Ip-p.

Ggmw Jw

{]mtWjvT ]-hn[w ]tcm-h-cobx

kmtam-]m-koX:- -
{]mtWm lnw Imtcm, hmIv {]kvXm-h,
p-c p-ZvKoYx
t{im{Xw {]Xn-lm-tcm, at\m-\n-[\w;
]tcm-h -cobmw
knhm GXm\n
{]mW--fm-bn, Ap-hn-[-n-ep ]tcm-h-co-b-mb
kmas D]m-kn--Ww. {]mW lnwIm-c-am-Ip-p. hmv
{]kvXm-h-am- Ip-p. Npv DZvKo-Y-am- Ip-p. t{im{Xw {]Xnlm-ca
- m-Ip-p. a\v \n[-\-am-Ip-p. Ch D-tcm-cw
hnin--X-c--fm-Ip- p.

]tcm-h-cotbm lmky `hXn ]tcm-h-co-btkm

l temIm PbXn b GX-tZhw hnZzm
{]mtWjvT ]-hn[w ]tcm-h-cobx kmtam
hmkvX CXn ]-hn-[ky

Iev]t lmkvam EXh EXp-am `h-Xnb

C{]-Imcw Adnv {]mW--fmbn Ap- hn-[-n- ep

]tcmh-co-b
- mb Cu kmas Bcv D]m-kn-p-p-thm,
GX-tZhw hnZzm-\r-XpjvT ]-hn[w ktamAh\p
Dtcm-cw hnin--X-c-amb Poh\w Dm-Ipw.
]mkvtX
Ah ]tcm-h-co-b-p-If
- mb temI-sf Pbn-pw. C{]Bcv C{]-Im-c-a-dnv EXp--fmbn Ap-hn-[-n-ep Imcw Ap-hn-[-n-ep kma-ns D]m-k\w ]dp
Cu kmas D]m- kn-p-p-thm, B D]m-k-I-\v, EXp- Ign-p.
EXp- hy-h--I-\p-cq-]-am-bn, t`mKy--fm-bn-o-cp-p.
Ah EXp--fp--h-\m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNp-p.

Fmw Jw

Bdmw Jw
]ipjvT ]-hn[w kmtam-]m-koX: BPm-lnwItcm f
hbw {]kvXm-thm, Kmh DZvKotYm f izmx {]Xnlmcx ]pcp-tjm-\n-[\w
]ip-mbn Ap-hn-[- n- ep kmas D]m-kn-Ww. tImem-Sp-I lnwIm-c -am-Ip-p. Ipdn-bm-Sp-I
{]kvXm-ha
- m-Ip-p. tKm DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. Aiz-
{]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip-p. ]pcp-j \n[-\-am-Ip-p.

`hn lmky ]ihx ]ip-am `hXn b

GX tZhw hnZzm ]ipjp ]-hn[w
kmtam-] mkvtX
Bcv C{]-Imcw Adnv ]ip--fmbn Cu Ap-hn-[n- ep kmas D]m-kn-p-pthm Ah\v ]ip-
Dm- Ipw. ]ip--sf-sIm- p t`mKw,- XymKw apX-emb ^e D-h-\m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNpw.

AY k]vX hn[ky: hmNn k]vXh

- n[w
kmtam-] m-k oXx
bXv Inw N hmtNm lpa-Xn, klnw Imtcm,
bXv t{]Xn
k {]kvXm-thm, btZXn k BZnx
C\n Ggp hn[-n-ep kma-ns D]m-k\w ]dbpp: hmmbn Ggp-hn-[-n-ep kmas D]m-kn-Ww. lpw Fp hmns hntijw GtXm AXv lnw
Imc-am-Ip-p. {] Fp hntijw GtXm, AXv {]kvXmh-am-Ip-p. B F tXtXm AXv BZn-bm-Ip-p.

bZp-ZnXn k DZvKo-tYm, XXv{]-XoXn

k{]-Xo-lm-tcm,
bZp t]Xn k D]-{Z-thm, bo-Xn-X-n-[-\w.
DXv Fp tXtXm, AXv DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. {]Xn FtXtXm AXv {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip-p. D] F-tXtXm AXv D]{Z-h-am-Ip-p. \n F tXtXm AXp \n[-\-am-Ip-p.

ZpKvt f kvssa hmKvtZmlw tbmhm-tNm-tZmtlm

hm-\-mtZm `h-Xnb GX-tZhw hnZzm
hmNn k]vXh
- n[w kmtam-]m-kvtX.

205

C-s\-b -dnv hmmbn Ggp-hn-[-n-ep Cu bmsXm-cm-ew-_hpw IqSm-sX, (X-sf Dbn-sm-pw)

kmas Bcv D]m- kn-p- p-thm, Ah\v hmv GXm- tWm, k-cn-p-p. Fs-m Cu BZn-Xy-\m-Ip kmahmns tZmlw Fp ]d-bp- - Xv, B tZmls tZml\w ns BZn-`n `Pn-p--h-bm-Ip-p.
sNp- p. A-ap--h-\mbpw As `n-p--hAY bXv kw{]Xn a[yw-Znt\ k
\mbpw Zo]m-n-bmbpw `hn-pw.

H]Xmw Jw
AY Jez-ap-am-ZnXyw k]vXh
- n[w kmtam-]m-koX;
kh Zmka kvt\\-kma; amw {]Xnamw {]XoXn
kthW ka, kvtX\-km-a.

DZvK oYkv Xtky

tZhm A\zm-b-mkvX kvamt kamx
{]mPm-]-Xym-\ m-ap-ZvKoY `mPn-t\m-tly
Xky kmav\x

EPq-hmb a[ym--n Cu BZn-Xys cq]-ta-tXm,

AXv DZvKo- Y- am- Ip- p. Ahs B cq]-n tZh- m A\pK-X-cm-bn-cn-p- p. AXn-\m tZh-m {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS A]C\n B BZn- Xy-\mbn Ggp-hn- [- n- ep kmas D]m- Xy--fn hv t{ijvT-m-cm-Ip-p. Fp-sIm-s-m
kn--Ww. BZn-Xy Fm-btv ]mgpw Htc \ne-bn Ccn-p- Cu BZn-Xy-\m-Ip kma-ns DZvKoYw `Pn-p--h-cmp. AXp-sImv kma-am-Ip-p. Fm-hpw ka-\m-Ip- Ip-p.
-Xn-\m kma-am-Ip-p.

Xkvan- n-am\n khm-Wn-`q-Xm-\y-\ z-b-m-\ oXn

hnZymXv; Xky-bXv ]ptcm-Z-bmXv k lnwImcx
XZky ]ithm f \zmb-mkvX kvamt lnw
Iphn; lnw Imc `mPn-t\m-tly-Xky kmav\x
B BZn-Xy-\n Cu `qX- -sfmw A\p-K-X- -fm-bn-cnpp Fp a\-n-em--Ww. DZ-b-n\p ap]v Chs
cq]w GXmtWm AXv lnwIm-ca
- m-Ip-p. BZn-Xy-\m-Ip
kma-ns B cq]-n, ]ip- A\p-K-X--fm-bn-cnp-p. AXn-\m ]ip- lnw F i_vZw ]pd-s-Sphn-p-p. Cu BZn-Xy-s\p ]d-bp kma-ns lnw
Imcw `Pn-p ioe-ap--Xm-Ip-p.

AX-bXv {]Y-tam-ZntX k{]-kvXmhx

XZ-k y-a-\ pjym
A\zm-b-mkvX kvamt {]kvXpXn Imamx
{]m-h-`m-Pnt\m tlyX-ky-k mav \x

D-p-ta A]-cm-- n\p ap]v, Chs cq]- tatXm

AXv {]Xn-lm-c- am- Ip- p. Cu BZn- Xy- cq- ]-amb kmaw B cq]n K`- - A\p-K- X--fm-bn-cn-p-p. AXn- \m K` ]ntmw apI-fn-tep ]nSn--s--h-\m-bn-cn-p-Xp-sIm-v, Iogvt]mp hoWp-t]m-hp-n-. Cu BZn-Xy-\mIp kma-ns {]Xn-lm-c-`n `Pn-p--hb
- m-Ip-p.

AYb Zqz-a-]-cm-lvWm-Xv, {]mK-kvX-a-bm-Xv, k

D]-{Zh kvXZky ff cWy A\zm-bm
kvXkvamt
]pcpjw Zrzm Iw iz{`-an-Xyp-]-{Z-hn;
D]-{Zh `mPn-t\m-tly-X-k y-kmav\x

AXp-t]mse BZyw DZn-p-tm D Ahs cq]w

GtXm AXv {]m-hy- am-Ip-p. Ahs B cq]n a\pjy A\p-K-X-cm-bn-cn-p-p. AXn-\m Ah kvXpXn
B{K-ln-p--h-cmbpw {]iwk B{K-ln-p--h-cmbpw Ccnp-p. Fs-m Ah Cu BZn-Xy-\m-Ip kmans {]kvXmhw `Pn-p--h-cm-Ip-p.

A]-c m- - n\p ta AkvX - a - b - n\p ap]v

bmsXmcp cq]-aptm AXv D]-{Z-h-am-Ip-p. Ahs B
cq]s Ac-Wy-n-ep Pp-p, A\zm-b--fm-bn-cn-p-p. AXn-\m Ah ]pcp-js\ Inv A`-bm-\-sap hnNm-cnv ImSns\ D]- K- an- p-p. Fs-m
kq- cq-]-amb kma-ns D]-{Zhw `Pn- p--h-bm- Ip-p.

AY-bXv kwK-h-th-embmw k BZnx XZky

hbmwky \zmb-m\n Xkvam-m-\y
--co-tf \m
cw_-Wm-\ym-Zmbm ff m\w ]cn-]-Xn;
BZn-` m-Po\n tlyX-ky-k mav\x

AY bX {]Y-am-kvX-antX Xn-[\w
XZky]n-Xtcm f
\zmb--kvam-m-n-Z-[Xn; \n[\
`mPn-t\m-tlyX
ky kmav\x, Ghw Jez-ap-am-ZnXyw k]vX
hn[w kmtam-]mkvtX

civan-I Hcp-anp IqSp ka-bw, Ahs cq]-tatXm

AXv BZn-bm-Ip- p. Ahs B cq]-n ]n- I A\pK-X - -fm-b n-c n-p-p. AXn-\ m Ah BIm-i-n

AY b Zqzw a[yw Zn\mXv {]mK-]-cm-lvWmXv

k {]Xn-lmcx XZ-ky-K`m A\zm-b-mkvXkvam
t {]Xn-lrXm \mh-]-Zy-t, {]Xn-lmc
`mPn-t \m-tly-Xky kmav\x

AkvX-an-m XpS-p-tm GXp cq]-amtWm DXv, AXv \n[-\-am-Ip-p. BZn-Xy-cq-]a

- mb kma-ns B

206

I cq]-n ]nXr- A\p-K-X-cm-bn-cn-p-p. AXn-\m

BZn-Xy Chn-sS-\nn Ccp-]-sm- m-a-t-Xm-Ip-p. Ccp]nXr-sf \n[m\w sNp-p. Fs- m Cu BZn-Xy-cq- ]-n-c-m-a-t-Xp-sImv BZn-Xy-\-p-d-ap-Xp {]m]n-p]-amb kma-ns \n[-\-`n `Pn-p--Xm-Ip-p. C{]- p. BZn-X y-\-p-da
- p-Xv kpJ-am-bn-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXv
Imcw B, BZn- Xy-\mbn Ggp-hn- [-n- ep kmaw Bcv D]m- timI-an-m--Xm-Ip-p.
kn- p-pthm Ah\v B BZn-Xy-\m-bn-o-cpI F ^ew
Bkvtvm]n lm ff ZnXyky Pbw ]tcm
knn-p-p.

]mw Jw
Atlm-cm{Xw apX-emb Ime-m PK-ns\ \in-np--Xp-sImv BZn-Xy arXyp-hm-Ip-p. B arXyp-hns\
IS-bp--Xn-\p kmtam-]m-k\ Cu J-n-ep-v.

AY-J -ezm- -kw-an- Xa

- Xn arXyp-k]vX
hn[w kmtam-]m-koX lnw Imc CXn
{Xycw {]kvXmh CXn-Xy-cw XXv kaw.
C\n Bm-hn-t\mSp Xpey-ambn Adn-b-s-n-p-X
- pw,
arXyp-hns\ AXn-{I-an-n-p-Xpw Bb Ggp-hn-[-n-ep
kmas D]m-kn--Ww. lnwImcw Fp-Xv aq--cap `n \ma-am-Ip-p. {]kvXmhw Fp-Xp aq-c-ap--Xm-Ip-p. AXv apn-e-t-Xn-t\mSp Xpey-am-Ip-p.

BZn-cnXn Zz-cw, {]Xn-lm-c-C-Xn-N-Xp-c-c

XX C sslIw, X-aw.
BZn F `n-\maw c--c-ap--Xm-Ip-p. {]Xnlmcw FXv \me--c-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-Wv. {]Xn-lmcw
F-Xn \nv Hc-cw BZn F c--c--fn
tN-s-Sp-p. AXp kma-am-Ip-p.

DZvKoY CXn-{Xy--ca
- p-]-{Zh CXn NXp
ccw; {Xn`n-kv{Xn`nx kaw `h-Xn, A
c-a-h-in-jytX {Xycw X-aw.

lmkym ff ZnXy ky Pbm-tbm `hXn;

b GX-tZhw hnZzm-\m--kw-an-X-aXn
arXyp k]vXh
- n[w ktam-]mkvtX ktam
]mkvtX

C{]-Im-c-a-dnv arXyp-hns\ IS-, Ggp-hn-[-n-ep

Cu kmaw, Bcv D]m-kn-p-pthm Ah BZn-Xys
Pbw {]m]n-p-p. Ch\v BZn-Xys Pb-n\nv ]c-aamb Pbw Dm-Ipw.

]Xn- s \mmw Jw
at\m lnw Imtcm, hmIv{]-kvXm-h, p
cpZvKoYx t{im{Xw {]Xn-lmcx {]mtWm
\n[-\-ta-XZ- vKm-b{Xw {]mtWjp t{]mXw.
a\v lnwIm-c-am-Ip-p. hmv {]kvXm-ha
- m-Ip-p.
Npv DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. t{im{Xw {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip-p.
{]mW \n[-\-am-Ip-p. Cu Kmb{Xw kmaw, hmv apXem-bh
- b
- n {]Xn-jvTn-X- am-bn-cn-p-p.

kb Gh-ta-XZv Kmb{Xw {]mtW-jp-t{]mXw

thZ, {]mWn-`h
- Xn kh-am-bp-tcXn
tPymKv Poh-Xn-a-lm {]P-bm-] -ip-Zn-`h
Xna-lm Ioym, alm-a\mx kyXv
X{Z -Xw.

DZvKoY saXv aq--c-ap--Xm-Ip- p. D]- {Zhw FXv

C{]-Imcw {]mW--fn {]Xn-jvTn-X-amb Cu Kmb-{X\me-- c-ap--Xm-W.v apq--- c-- sImv C{X `n amb kmaw Bcv Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah {]mW--fp--h\ma- cpw ka-am-bn-o-cp-p. Hc-cw A[nIw hcp- \m-bn-o-cpw. Fm Bbppw {]m]npw; Dz-e-amb hn[p. aq-- c--tfmSp IqSn-b-Xm-I-bm AXv ka-am-Ip-p. n Pohn-pw. Ah {]P-sb-sm-pw, ]ip--sfsImpw alm-\ m-b n-o-c p- p. Ion-sImv alm\n[-\-an-Xn-{Xy-cw XXv ka-tah `hXn
\mbnocp-p. alm-a-\
- m-bn-cn-Ww FXv Kmb-t{XmXm\n-lhm GXm\n Zzm hnwKXn ccmWn.
]m-k-Is {hX-am-Ip-p.
\n[\w FXv aq--c-ap--Xm-Ip-p. AXv kaw
Xs- bm-Ip-p. A-s\-bp Cu A-c- Ccp-]-n]{mw Jw
c-m-Ip-p.

GI hnwiXym ff ZnXy-am-]vt\m-t\yI
hnwtimhm CtXm f kmhm-ZntXym
Zzmhnw-ti-\-] -c-am-Zn-Xym- -b-X n,
XmIw XZzn timIw.
Ccp-]s
- m-p-sImv BZn-Xys\ {]m]n-p-p. Cu

A`n-a--Xn-k-lnw-I-tcm, [qtam PmbtX

k{]-kvXm-thm, Pze-Xnk DZvKotYm f v
Kmcm-`-hn k {]Xn-lm-c, D]
imay-Xn-X-n-[ -\w, kwim-ay-Xn-X- n-[\w
GX-{ZYw Xc-au t{]mXw.

207

aY\w sNpI F-tXtXm AXv lnwIm-ca

- m-Ip-p. \m-bn-o-cp-p. Xs InS- -bn hcp Hcp-h-tfbpw Dt][qaw Dm- IpI F-tX-tXm, AXp {]kvXm- h- am- Ip- p. Pzen- n- -cpXv AXp {hX-am-Ip-p.
pI F-tXtXm AXv DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. I\-ep-I-fm-bn-ocp-I-sb--tXtXm AXp {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip- p. D]-i-an FtX-tXm, AXp \n[-\-am-Ip-p. kwi-an F-tXtXm AXv ]Xn- memw Jw
\n[-\-am-Ip-p. Cu cYw Xcw An-bn {]Xn-jvTn-X-amDZy lnwImc DZnXx {]kvXm-thm, a[yw-Zn\
Ip-p.
DZvKotYm f ]cmlvWx {]Xn-lmtcm f kvXw

k b Gh-ta-X-{ZYw Xc-au t{]mXw

thZ, {_-h-ky-mtZm `hXn
kh-am-bp-tcXn tPymKv Poh-Xn, alm
{]Pbm ]ip`n `hXn alm Ioym
\ {]Xy An-amNm ta \n jvTothXvXZv{hXw
An-bn {]Xn-jT
v n-X-amb Cu cYw Xcs Bcv Adnbp-pthm Ah {_-h-a-Zp--h\
- mbpw A- Zm-\\mbpw `hn-p-p. Fm Bbp-n-t\bpw {]m]n- p- p. DPze-ambn Pohn-p-p. {]P-sb-sm-pw, ]ip- -sf-sImpw
alm-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ion-sImv alm-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
Anv A`n-ap-J-ambncpv Hpw `n--cp-Xv. Imdn-p-cp-Xv. CXp {hX-am-Ip-p.

]Xn-aqmw Jw
D]-a-{-btX klnw-Im-tcm, ]-btXk
{]kvXmhx kv{Xobm-kl titXk DZvKoYx
{]Xnkv{Xow kl-titX k{]-Xn-lmcx
Imew-K-Xn Xn-[\w ]cw-K-Xn
Xn-[-\-taX Zzma-tZhyw anYp-t\-t{]mXw
D]-a-{n-pI FtXtXm, AXp {]kvXm-ha
- m-Ip-p.
ktm-jn-n-pI F tXtXm AXp {]kvXm-h-am-Ip-p.
kv{Xotbm-Sp-IqSn ibn F-tXtXm AXv {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ipp. ssaYp\w sImp Imew Ign-bp--tXtXm AXv AXp
\n[-\-am-Ip-p. Cu hma-tZ-hy-sa kmaw anYp-\-n
{]Xn-jvTn-X-am-Ip-p.

kb Gh-taX Zzma-tZhyw anYp-t\-t{]mXw

thZ anYp\o `hXn anYp-\m-n-Yp-\m
{]Pm-btX kh-am-bp-tcXn tPymKv Poh
Xn, alm {]Pb ]ip`n `h-Xn,
alm Ioym, \Iw-N\ ]cn-l-tc-Xv.
C{]-Imcw anYp-\-n {]Xn-jvTn-X- amb Cu hma-tZ-hyamb kmas Bcv Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah anYp-\-ap--h\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah Hmtcm anYp-\-n\npw km\-cq-]-n P\n-p-p. Ah apgp-h Bbppw {]m]np-p. Dz-e-ambn Pohn-p-p. {]P-sb-smpw ]ip- sfsmpw alm-\m-bn-o-cp- p, Ion-sImp alm-

bn-[\w GXZv _rl-Zm-ZntXy t{]mXw.

DZn-p-hc
- p BZn-Xy lnwIm-c-am-Ip-p. DZn-X
- ns
tij-ap BZn-Xy {]kvXm-h-\-am-Ip-p. a[yw-Zn\w DZvKoY-am-Ip-p. A]-cmlvWw {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip-p. AkvX-a-\-ntep Kan-p BZn-Xy \n[-\-am-Ip-p. Cu _rls kmaw BZn-Xy-\n {]Xn-jT
v n-X-am-bn-cn-p-p.

kb Gh-ta-XZv _rl-Zm-ZntXy
t{]mXw thZ tXP-kzymtZm `hXn
kham-bp-tcXn tPymKvPo-h-Xn, alm
{]Pbm ]ip-`n `hXn alm Ioym,
X]w \\n-tXv XZv{hXw
C{]-Imcw BZn-Xy-\n {]Xn-jvTn-X-amb Cu _rls kma-s, Bcv Adn-bp-pthm Ah tXP-p-h-\m-bpw, As AZn-p--h-\mbpw Xocp-p. Ah
apgp-h Bbp-n-t\bpw {]m]n-p-p. DPz-e-ambn Pohnp-p. Ah {]P-sb-sm-pw, ]ip--sf-smpw
alm-\m-bn-o-cp-p, Ion-sImv alm-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
X]n-p BZn-Xys\ \nn--cp-Xv. AXv {hX-am-Ip-p.

]Xn-\ mw Jw
A{`mWn kw-ht klnw-Im-tcm, ta
LmPm-bt k{]-kvXm-thm, hjXn k
DZvKo-tYm, hntZym-XtX kvX\-bXn k
{]Xn-lm-c, DZvKr-lvWmXn Xn-[\w
GXZv ssh cq]w hPt\y t{]mXw.
A{`- Db-cp-p. AXv lnw Imc-am-Ip-p. taLw
Dm-Ip-p. AXp {]kvXm-h-am-Ip-p. hjn-p-p. AXv
DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. an anp-Ibpw CSn-sh-p-Ibpw sNpp. AXp {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip-p. ag s]p-p. AXp \n[-\-amIp-p. Cu sshcp-]-sa kmaw ]P-\y-n {]Xn-jvTnX-am-Ip- p.

kb Gh-taX ssZzcq]w ]P-t\y-t{]mXw

thZ hncq]mw kp-c]mw ]iq-\-hcp
t; kh-am-bp-tcXn; tPymKvP o-hXn;
alm {]Pbm ]ip-`n`-hXn; alm
Ioym; hjw \n-t-Xv\-Zv{h-Xw.

208

]-\y-n {]Xn-jvTn-X-amb Cu sshcq-]a

- mb
kmas Bcv Adn-bp-pthm Ah\v kzcq-]--fm-bpw,
hncq-]
- -fmbpw D ]ip-sf e`n-p-p. Ah apgph Bbp-n-t\bpw {]m]n-p-p. Dz-e-ambn Pohn-pp. Ah {]P-sb-sm-pw, ]ip--sf-smpw alm\m-bn-o-cp- p. Ion-sImp alm-\m-bn- o-cp-p.
hjn-p taLs \nn--cp-Xv. AXp {hX-am-Ip-p.

temI--fn {]Xn-jT
v n-X- amb Cu iIz-cn-I Fp ]dbp kma-hn-ti- js Bcv Adn-bp- p- thm, Ah temIap--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah apgp-h Bbp-nt\ {]m]np-p. Dz-e-ambn Pohn-p-p. {]P-sb-smpw ]ip- sf-smpw alm- \m- bn- o-cp-p. Ion-sImp alm\m-bn-o-cp-p. temI- sf \nn-- cp- Xv. AXv {hX-am-Ip-p.

]Xn-s\mw Jw
]Xn-\ mdmw Jw
hktm lnwIm-tcm, {Kojvax {]kvXm-thm,
hj DZvKoYx icXv {]Xn-lm-tcm,
tla-tm-\ n-[-\ -taX ssZzcm-P-arXpjpt{]mXw
hkw lnwIm-c-am-Ip-p. {Kojvaw {]kvXm-h-am-Ip-p.
hj EXp DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. icv {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip-p.
tlaw \n[-\-am-Ip-p. Cu sshcm-P-amb kmaw EXp-fn {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-p-p.

k b Gh taX ssZzcm-P-ar-Xp-jp-t{]mXw
thZ hnc-PXn {]-Pbm ]ip-`n {_
h-tk\ kh-am-bp-tcXn tPymKv
Poh-Xn-a-lm {]Pbm ]ip-`n `hXn
alm Ioyp \n\n-tXv XXv{hXw
Cns\ EXp-- fn {]Xn-jT
v n-X-amb Cu sshcm-P-amb
kmas Bcv Adn-bp-pthm Ah {]P-sb-sImpw
]ip--sf- smpw {_-hkw sImpw tim`n- p-p.
apgp-h Bbp-nt\ e`n-p-p. Dz-e-ambn Pohn-p-p.
{]P-sb- smpw ]ip--sf- smpw alm-\m- bn-o- cp-p.
EXp-sf \nn--cp-Xv. AXv {hX-am-Ip-p.

APm lnwImtcm f hbx {]kvXmthm Kmh

DZvKotYm f izmx {]Xn-lmcx ]pcptjm
\n[-\-taXm tchXyx ]ip-jvT-t{]mXmx
AP- lnwIm-c-am-Ip-p. Ipdn-bm-Sp-I {]kvXm-h-amIp-p. tKm DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. Aiz- {]Xn-lm-c-amIp-p. tch-Xn-I Fp ]d-bp kma-hn-ti-jw, ]ip-fn {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-p-p.

kb Gh-taXm tchXymx ]ip-jpt{]m

Xm thZ ]ip-am `hXn kh-am-bp-tcXn
tPymKvPo-hXn alm {]Pbm ]ip
`n`-hXn alm Ioym ]iq \
\ntXv XZv{h-Xw.
C{]-Imcw ]ip--fn {]Xn-jT
v n-X-amb Cu tch-Xn-I
Fp ]d-bp-, kma-hn-ti-js Bcp Adn-bp-p-thm,
Ah ]ip--fp--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah apgp-h
Bbppw {]m]n- p- p. Dz-e - a mbn Pohn- p- p.
{]Psbsmpw ]ip--sf-smpw alm-\m- bn-o- cpp. ]ip-sf \nn--cp-Xv. AXp {hX-am-Ip-p.

]sm]Xmw Jw
]Xn-t\gmw Jw
]rYnho lnwImtcm f cow {]kvXm-thm,
ZyuX-ZvKotYm Znix {]Xn lmcx, k
apt{Zm \n[-\-tatXx iIztmtem
tIjp t{]mXmx
]rYnhn lnwIm-ca
- m-Ip-p. A-cow {]-kX
v m-h-am-Ipp. tZymhv DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. Zop-I {]Xn-lm-ca
- m-Ip-p.
kap{Zw \n[- \- am-Ip-p. Cu iIz-cn- I Fp ]d- bp kmahn-tijw temI--fn {]Xn-jT
v n-X-am-bn-cn-p-p.

k b Gh taXmx iIztm temtIjp

t{]mXm thZ temIo `hXn kh-ambp
tcXn tPymKvPo-hXn alm {]Pbm
]ip-`n`-hXn alm Ioym-tem-Im
\ \ntXv XZv{hXw

tema lnwIm-c, kvXIv {]kvXmthm amwk

apZvKo-tYm, f n {]Xn lmtcm, am-\n-[\
taX-Zy-b
- -o-b-av tKjvT t{]mXw
temaw lnwIm-c-am-Ip-p. XzIv {]kvXm-ha
- m-Ip- p.
amwkw DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. An {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip-p. a
\n[-\-am-Ip-p. Cu bm-b-o-b-sa kmaw tZlm-hb-h--fn {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-p-p.

k b Gh taXy-Zy-m-b-o-b-aw-tKjp
t{]mXw thZmwKo `h-Xn\mw tK\
hnlq-Xn, kh-am-bp-tc-Xn, tPymKv
Poh-Xn, alm {]Pbm ]ip-`n`-hXn
alm Ioym-kw-h-cw aPvtm
\miv\n-bmXv XZv{h-Xw, aPvtm\wiv\obm
ZnXn-hm

209

C{]-Imcw tZhm-h-b-h--fn {]Xn-n-X-am-b, bmb-o-b-sa Cu kmas Bcv Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah

Fm Ah-b -h-epw XnI--h-\m-b n-o-cpw. Ah
AvK w- s Imv IpSn- e -\ m- b n- o-c p- I - b n- . apgp- h
Bbppw {]m]npw; Dz-e-ambn Pohn-pw. {]P-sbsmpw ]ip-sf sImpw alm-\m- bn-o-cpw. IonsImp alm-\m-Ipw. Hcp kwh--c-tv amwkw `n-cp-Xv. AXp {hX-am-Wv. (H-cn-epw `n--cpXv Fpam-Imw.)

Ip-p. k-, Kh-m, ]n-Xr- Ch \n[-\a

- mIp-p. Cu kma-k-ap-Zmbw kh-nepw {]Xn-jvTn-X- am-bncn- p- p.

k b Gh-ta-XXv kma kh-kvan

t{]mXw thZ kw l `hXn
C{]-Imcw kh-nepw {]Xn-jT
v n-X-amb Cu kmas
Bcp Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah k-hp-am-bn-o-cp-p.

XtZ-j-tmIx
B A- n Xmsg--d-bp a{hpw Dv.

Ccp-] Xmw Jw
An lnw Imtcm, hmbpx {]kvXm-h, B
ZnXy DZvKo-tYm, \-{XmWn {]Xn-lm-c,
{-am-\n-[ -\-ta-X -{Zm-P\w tZhXm kpt{]m-Xw.

bm\n ]-[ m-{Xo-Wn-{Xo-Wn-tX-t`ym\

Pymbx ]c-a-\y-ZkvXn; bkvXt- ZzZ k
thZ khw khm Zntim _en-akvssalcn

Ap hn[-n aqq-mbn GXmtWm ]d-b-s--Xv,

An lnwIm-c-am-Ip-p. hmbp {]kvXm-h-am-Ip-p. BZnAh-sb-m al--chpw `n-ambpw thsdmcp hkvXp
Xy DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. \-{X- {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip-p.
C. khm--I-amb Cu kmas Bcv Adn-bp-p-thm,
N{ \n[-\-am-Ip-p. Cu cmP-sa kmaw tZh-X-I-fn
Ah\v Fm Znp-I-fn D- hcpw _en-sIm-Sp-p-p.
{]Xn-jT
v n-X- am-bn-cn-p- p.

k b Gh taX-{Z-P\w tZh-Xmkp
t{]mXw th ssZh-Xmkm tah tZh
Xm\mw ktemI Xmw knXmw
kmbqPyw KXn kh-am-bp-tcXn
tPmKv Poh-Xn, alm {]Pbm ]ip
`n `hXn alm Ioym {_m-W
\ \ntXv XZv{h-Xw.
Cs\ tZh-X-I-fn {]Xn-jT
v n-X-amb Cu tcmP-\-sa
kmas Bcv Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah Cu tZh-X-I-fpsS
kmtem-Iy-t-tbm, kam-\-amb sFiz-cy-tmSp IqSn-tbmbn-cn-p Ah--tb-tbm, kmbq-Py-t-tbm, {]m]n-pp. apgp-h Bbp-nt\ {]m]n-p-p. Dzeambn Pohnp- p. {]P- I-sf- smpw ]ip-- sf-smpw alm-\m- bno-cp-p. {_m-Wsc \nn--cp-Xv. AXp {hX-am-Ip-p.

Ccp- ] - s mmw Jw
{Xbo-hn-Zym-lnw-Im-c, kv{Xb Cta temIx
k{]-kvXmthm f n hmbq-cm-ZnXyx k
DZvKo-tYm, \-{XmWn hbmwkn
aco-Nbx k{]-Xn-lmcx, km Khx
]nXc kv\n-[-\t- a-XXv kma khkvan
t{]mXw.
{Xbo hnZy lnwIm- c- am-Ip-p. Cu aqp temI- AXv
{]kvXm-hn-p-p. An, hmbp, BZn-Xy Ch DZvKo-Y-amIp-p. \-{X-, ]n-I, civan-I Ch {]Xn-lm-c-am-

kh-a-kvao-Xyp-]m-koX; XZv {hXw XXv {hXw

Rm kh- hp- am-Ipp Fp D]m-kn--Ww. AXv {hXam-Ip-p.

Ccp-] - n-c mw Jw
hn\n kmavt\m hrtW ]i-hy-an-Xyt
cpZv KotYm f \ncpx {]Pm-]-tX,
ncpx tkma-ky, arZp--jWw
hmtbmx jvWw _e-h-Zn-{-ky,
{Iuw _rl-kv]t- X, c]-[zmw
hcp-Wky; Xm khm-t\thm ]tk
thX; hmcpWw tXzh h-tb-Xv.
hn\-tm-Sp-Iq-S n-bX
- pw, ]ip-v lnX-hp-amb
kmas kw_- n Km\w Rm {]mn-p-p. CXv
An-tZ-h\
- m-bn-p DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. {]Pm-]Xn tZh-\m-bnp DZvKoYw GXp-{]-Imcw BtWm, AXp-t]mse Fp
\nh-Nn--s-Sm--Xm-Ip- p. tkma tZh-X-bm-bn-p
DZvKoYw kv]jvT-am-bn-p--X m-Ip-p. hmbp tZh-X-bm-bnp Km\w arZphpw a[p-c-am-bn-p-Xpw BIp-p. C{
tZh-X-bm-bn-p Km\w vWhpw _e-ap-Xpw BIpp. _rl-k]
v Xn tZh-\m-bn-p Km\w {Iu-]-n-bpsS
\mZ-n\p ka-am-Ip-p. hcp-W tZh-\m-bn-p Km\w,
s]mnb Hmns kzc-n\p ka-am-Ip-p. Ah-sbmw
Xs {]tbm-Kn--Ww. Fm hcp-W tZh-\m-bn-p-Xns\ am{Xw hn--Ww.

210

Aar-XXzw tZth`y BKm-bm-\oXv

XymKm-tb-Xv, kz[mw ]nXr`y Bimw
a\p-tj`y kv XrtWm-ZIw ]ip`yx
kzw temIw bP-am-\m-bm-am
\ BKmbm \ntXy-Xm\n a\m
[ymb {]Wx kvXphoX

\`n lnXm-h-hy artXym-cm-m\w

]cn-l-c m-WoXn

Rm C{-\n _ew sImSppw Fp-hv Fm kzcfpw apg--ap-h

- b
- m-bpw, _e-ap--h-bmbpw D-cn-s-tS--h-bm-Ip-p. Rm {]Pm-]-Xn-v, Ah-\-hs\ Zm\w
sNs Fp hnNm-cn-v, Fm Dujvam-fpw Dn
{]th-in-n--s-Sm--h-bm-bpw, shfn-bn X-s-Sm-Rm tZh-mv Aar-XXzw km[n-p- sIm- Sp--s. ]nXr- h-bmbpw hnhrX {]b-Xv\-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw ]d-b-s-tS--hv D kz[ Rm BKm\w sN-s. a\p-jyv bm-Ip-p. arXyp- hn \nv Ah- \-hs\ Rm ]cn- l-cn-s
Bisb B Km\w sN-s. ]ip- v ]ppw shhpw Fp hnNm-cn-v, Fm kv]i--fpw, kmh-[m-\-n
BKm\w sN-s. bP-am-\\v kz-tem-Is BKm\w asmcp h-tmSp Ie-cm--h-bm-bn, D-cn--s-tS-sN-s. bP-am-\\v kz-tem-Is BKm\w sN-s. h-bm-Ip-p. Ahsb D-cn-p-tm Rm Pem-Zn-If
- n
F\nv As BKm\w sN-s. Cs\ Ch a\-p- \np _me-msc F-Xp-t]m-se, arXyp-hn\nv BmsImv [ym\np {]am-Zw IqSmsX kvXpXn-p-p.
hns\ ]cn-l-cn-s Fv [ym\n-p-Ibpw thWw.

kth-kzc C{ky ff m\x kh Du

jvaWmx {]Pm-]tX cmm\x kth
kv]iw artXym-cm-m-\kvXw bZn kztc
jq ]me-t`-tX{w icWw {]]tm f
`qhw kXzm {]Xn-h-y-Xo-tXy\w {_qbm-Xv.

Ccp-] - n- aqmw Jw
{Xtbm [-kvI-m, btm f [yb\w
Zm\-anXn {]Y-a, kvX] Gh ZznXo-tbm,
{_-Nm N Ipe-hmko XrXob f
Xy-am-m-\am N-Ipte ff hkmZ
b, kh GtX ]pWy-temIm `hn;
{_-kwtm f arX-Xz-ta-Xn.

Fm kzc-fpw _ew \Ip {]mWs Bm-fm-Ip-p. Fm Dujvam-fpw {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS Bm--fmIp-p. Fm kv]i- fpw arXyp- hns Bm--fm- Ip-p.
C{]- Im-c-a-dn-bp DZvKm-Xm-hns\ kzc- sf kw_-nv Ips-Sp-p-Ib
- m-sW-n Rm C{s\ icWw {]m]n-n-p[-kI
v -- aqm-Ip-p. Ah bw, A[y-bv. C{ \ntmSv Dcw ]d-bpw. Fv Ip-s-Sp-n-b- \w, Zm\w Fn-h-bm-Ip- p. Hm- a- tXp kvIhpw cmh-t\mSv ]d-b-Ww.
a-tXv X]pw BIp-p. aqm-a-t-Xv, BNm-cy-Ip-en hkn-p ioe-ap--h\
- pw, Ah-km-\w-htc BmAY btZy\ aqjvakq ]me-t`-X, {]Pm
hns\ BN-cy-Ip-e- n oWn- n-p--h\pw Bb, {_]Xnw icWw {]]tm f `qhw kXzm
Nm-cn-bm-Ip-p. Ch-scmw ]pWy-tem-I
- -fp--h-cm-Ip-p.
{]Xn-t]-jy-Xo-tXy\w {_qbmXv; AY
{_-n {]hn- p--h Aar-XXzw {]m]n-p-p.

btZy\w kv]tijp ]me-t`-X, arXypw

icWw {]]tm f `qhw kXzm {]
Xn[-y-X o-tXy\w {_qbm-Xv.
AXp-t]mse Xs, Dm-Xm-hn-s\, Dujvam-sf kw_nv Ip-s-Sp-p-Ib
- m-sW-n, Rm {]Pm-]-Xnsb
icWw {]m]n-n-p-v. B tZh \ns kwNq\w
sNpw Fv Ch-t\mSp ]d-bW
- w. AXp-t]mse DZvKm-Xmhns kv]i-\--sf, kw_-nv Ip-s-Sp-p-I-bm-sWn, Rm arXyp-hns\ icWw {]m]n-n-p-v. B tZh
\ns Zln-npw Fv Ip-s-Sp-p--ht- \mSv ]d-b-Ww.

kth k cmtLm-j-htm _e-htm

hhym Ct{-_ew ZZm-\oXn; kh
DujvWmtWm f {KkvXm A\n-ckvXm hnhrXm
h hyx {]Pm-]tX cmm\w
]cn-`Zm \oXn; kth-kv]im-te-ti\m

{]Pm]Xn tmIm-\-`y-X-]Xv tXt`ym f

ZnX ]vtX`y-kv{Xbo hnZymkw {]m{k-hXv;
Xma-`y-X-]Xv Xkym A`n-X-]vXmbm
GXm-\y--cmWn kw{]m-{k-hX `q `hx kzcnXn
{]Pm-]-Xn, temI-sf DtZ-inv [ym\-cq-]-amb X]p
sNbvXp. A`n-X- ]vX- -fmb Btem-I-- fn \nv {Xbo- hnZy
hp. B, {Xbo-hn-Zysb Dt-inv A`n-X-]n-p. A`n-X-]vXamb B {Xbo-hn-Zy-bn \nv `qx `qhx kzx Fo A-c e`n-p.

Xm\y-`y-X]
- Xv; tXt`ym f `nX-]vtX`y HmwImcx
kw{]-{k-hXv; XZyYm ip\m khmWn
]m\n kwXr-m-t\yh taw ItcW
khm hmIv kwXrm Hmw Imw Gth
Zw khw

211

Ahsb A`n-X-]np. A`n-X-]X

v --fm-b, B A-c-fn \nv, Hmw Imcw {]{k-hn-p. B HmwIm-c-cq-]a
- mb
{_w Fn-s\-bp-s
- X-m, Fm Ce-Ifpw Ce-n-\m hym]vX- Bbn-cn-p-p-thm, AXp-t]mse
Fm hmpw HmwIm-c -m hym]vX- a m-bn-cn-p-p.
CsXmw HmwImcw Xs-bm-Ip-p.

Ccp-] - n- \ memw Jw
{_ hmZn-t\m-h-Zn bZv hkq\mw {]mXx
kh\w cq{ZmWmw am[yw Zn\w kh\ am`n
Xym\mw N hntiz jmw N tZhm\mw
XrZo-b -k-Z\w

CXv bP-am-\-\mb Fs temI-am-W.v bP-am-\-\mb Rm,

Pohn-Xm-Imew Ignv, Cu temI- n Kan-p-am-dm-I-tW.
kzml! temI-Zzm-c-ns A-f-s, \o-tW. Cs\
]dp Fgp- tp- p. B bP-am-\\v hkp- , {]mXx
kh-\-tmSp kw_- n temIw, sImSp-p-p.

]pcm-am[yw Zn\ky kh-\-tkym-]m-I-cWm

L-t\\ ff o{[n-b-tkym-Z-vapJ D]
hniy kpcu{Zw kam`nKm-bXn tem 3
I Zzmc-a-]mh 3 Wq ]tiy aXzm
hbw sshcm 33333 lp 3 av B 33
tPym 3 tbm 3 B 32 CXn.

am[yw Zn\-amb kh- \-ns Bcw-`- n-\p-ap]v, ZnWmn-bpsS ]nd-In, hS-tmp apJ-ambn Ccp-n- v, bP{_-hm-Zn-I ]d-bpp: {]mXx kh-\-sap {]kn-am\
, cp{Z tZh-X- bm-bn-p kmas A`n-Km\w sNpam-bn-p tXtXm, AXv hkp--fpsS hI-bm-Ip-p. a[ym- n-ep kh\w cp{Z-m- cpsS hI-bm- Ip-p. aqm-as p. temI- ns Zzmcw Xpd--tW. \mw sshcm- Py- n-\mbn
kh\w BZn-Xy-m-cp-tSbpw hniz-tZ-h-m-cp-tSbpw BIp-p. At ImW-s.

Iz Xln bP-am-\ky temI-CXn kb-kvXwX

hnZym-XvIYw IpmXv? AY hnZzm IpXv
Atm bP-am-\\v temIw FhnsS? CspXpsImv temIw hmn-p-hm- \p D]mbw Bcv Adn-bm-Xncn-p-p-thm, Ah Fns\ bw sNpw? AXn-\m
Adn-n-p--h sN-Ww.

]pcm {]mX-c\p hmI tkym]m-I-c-Wm-L

t\\ Kml-]-Xy-tkym-Zv apJ D]-hniy
khm-khw kmam-`n-Km-bXn: tem 3 I
Zzmc-a-]mhm 3 Wq 33 ]tiy a Xzm
hbw cm 33333 lp 3 av B 33 Pym
3 tbm 3 B 32 CXn.
{]X-c\p hmI-ns Bcw-`-n\p ap]v Kml-]-Xymn-bpsS ]nd-In Bbnv hS-tmp apJ-ambn Ccp-v, bPam-\ hkp- tZh- X-bm-bn-p kmaw A`n-Km\w sNpp. temI-Zzmcw Xpd-q. \mw cmPy-n-\mbn Atb
ImW-t.

AY-Pq-tlmXn \tam f tb ]rYn-ho-n

tX, temI-ntX temIw ta bP
am\mb hnssj sshb-P-am-\ky temI
GX-kvay{X bP-am\x ]c-kvXm-Zmbpjx
kzml f- ]-Pln ]cn-L-an-Xyp-tz-n-jXn
Xkvssa-h-khx {]mXx kh\w kw{]bn
A\-cw Xmsg--db
- p a{w- sImv tlman-p-p.
hrYnhn temI-n hkn-p-p. An-bm-b, Atv
\a-kI
v m-cw. Pb-am-\-\mb F\n-mbn temIw e`n--tW.

AY-Pq-tlmXn: \tam hmb-th f --co

ntX temI ntX, temIw ta
bPam\mb h; Gj ssh bP-am\m
kytemIx, GXm-kvay{X bP-am\x ]c
kvXmZmbpjx kzmlm f ]Pln ]cnL
anXyp-tzm-n-jvTXn; X kvssacp{Zm am[yw
Zn\w kh\w kw{]-b--n.
A\-cw tlman-p-p. A-co temI-n hknp-- h-\mb hmbp-hn\v \a-kI
v m-cw. bP-am- \-\mb F\n-pthn temIs e`n--tW. CXv bP-am-\s temI-am-Ipp. bP-am-\\
- mb Rm, Bbp-p-I-gnp Cu temIn Kan-p-am-dm-I-tW. kzml, temI-Zzm-c-n-ep hnep-XSn \op-p Fp ]d-nv Ah Dm\w sNpp. Ah\v cq{Zm a[yw Zn\-n-ep kh\w \evIp-p.

]pcm XrXo-b-k-h\ tkym]m-I-cWm

-L-t \\m f lh-\ob kymZ-vapJ
D]-hn[y k BZnXyw k sshiz-tZhw
kam-`n-Km-bXn: tem 3 I Zzmc-a-]mhm
Z Wq 33 ]tiy-aXzm hbw kzmcm
33333 lp 3 av B 33 Pym 3 tbm B
32''' CXym-ZnXyw; AY sshiz-tZhw:
tem 3 I Zzmc am]mhm 3 Wq 33 ]tiy
aXzm-]bw kzcm 33333 lp 3 av B
33 Pym 3 tbm 3 B 32 ''' CXn 13
aqm-as kh-\-ns Bcw-`
- n\p ap]v, Blh-\o-bm-n-bpsS ]nd-In hS-tmp apJ-am-bn-n-cp-v, bP-

212

I am-\, BZn-Xy tZh-\m-bn-p kma-t-bpw, hniz-tZ-hm tZh-X-bm-bn-p kma-tbpw A`n-Km\w sNp-p.

temI-Zzmcw Xpd-p-I, \mw kzcm-Py-n-\mbn Asb
ImWs Fv BZn-Xy tZh-X-bm-bn-p kmaw sNmpp. hopw hniz-tZ-h
- m tZh-X-bm-bn-p kmaw sNpp. temI-Zzm-cs A]m-h-cWw sNbvI. \mw kzcm-Py-n\mbn Km\w sNp-p.

AY-Pq-tlmXn \a BZn-tXy-`y
hntez-`ykvO tZth t`ym Znhn nZvt`ym
temI-nZvt`ym temIw ta bP
am\mb hnX 14 Gj ss] bP
am\ky temI GXm-kvay{X ]c-kvXm-Zmbp
jx kzmlm f ]lX ]cn-L-anXyp
tzmn- jvTXn.

Cu BZn-Xy tZh-mv a[p-hm-Ip-p. Ba-[p-hn\v

tZymhp Xs, Ipdp-sI-bp apf-bm-Ip-p. BImiw a[z]q-]-am-Ip-p. civan-I `qa--fpsS Ipn-I-fm-Ip-p.

Xky tb {]mtm-ci
- va-bkvXm Ghmky
{]mtNym-a-[p-\mUyx EN Gh a[p-IrX
EtKzZ Gh ]pjv]w, Xm AarXm B]x
B BZn-Xys Ing-tm-p civan-I GXm-tWm,
AXp-Xs Cu a[p-hns Ing-tm-p \mUn-I-fm-Ip-p.
EXp- Xs a[p-Ir-p-I BIp-p. EtKzZw Xs
]qhv BIp-p. tkmaw, BPyw apX-em-bh ]pjv]--fnep Ap-I-fm-Ip-p. EtKzZw F i_vZw-sIm-p-t-inp--Xv, EtKz-Z-m-ep Iw BIp-p.

Xmhm GXm EN GX-ar-tKzZ a`yX

]wkvX-kym-`n-X]
- vXk
- yb ikvtXP C{nbw
ho-a-mZyw ctkm f PmbX

CXn-\p-tijw tlman-p-p. Zyp temI-n hkn-p-hc

- mb BZn-Xy-mm-bpw, hniz-tZ-h
- mmbpw \aAn-s\-bp Cu Ep-I Cu EtKz-Zs A`n-Xkv-cn-p-p. bP-am-\-\mb F\n-p-thn temIw e`n]n-p. A`n-X-]n--s AXn\v Ion-bpw, tZl-Zo-]vXn-bpw,
tW. CXv bP-am- \s temI- am- Ip-p. bP-am- \-\mb Rm
C{n-b-hpw, ho- hpw, BIp ckw Dm-bn. I-n
Bbpp Ign-v, Chn-sSv Kan-p-am-dm-I-tW. kzml
\np-m-Ip ckw ]d-n-cn-p-p.
AK-fs A]-l-\n-s Fp ]d-nv Dm\w sNpXZzyc--Zm-ZnXym a`ntXm f {ibXv;
p.

Xkvam BZn-Xym hntKz-Nt- Zhm

kvXrXobw kh\w kw{]-b-n;
Gj l ssh b kymam{Xmw
thZ, b Ghw thZ b Ghw thZ.
B bP-am-\\v BZn-Xy-mcpw hniz-tZ-h-mcpw aqmas kh\w \Ip-p. Bcv C{]-Imcw Adn-bp-p-thm,
B bP-am-\ b-ns alm-ys Adn-bp-p. b
Ghw thZ Fp cp-{]m-hiyw ]d-n-cn-p-Xv Cu
Aymbw Ah-km-\np Fv ImWn-m-\m-Wv.

aqmw Aymbw

XZzm GXZy tZX-Zm-ZnXy kytcmlnXw cq]w

bip apX AmZyw hsc- bp-Xv Kan-p. AXv BZnXys Hcp hiv B{i-bn-p. BZn-Xys XpSp Cu
cq]w GXmtWm AXv CXm-Ip-p.

cmw Jw
AYtb f ky Zn-Wm-c-iva-bkvXm Ghmky
ZnWm a[p\m tUymbPqw tjyh a[pIr
tXm bqthZ Gh ]pjv]w Xm AarXm
B]x

]ns Chs sXtm- p civan-I GXm-tWm, AXp

Xs BZn-Xy-\m-Ip a[p-hns sXtm-p a[p-\m-Un(hn-i n- -^ -e -{ ]m-] vX n- mbn b hnj- b - fpw bm-Ip-p. bPq-p-I Xs a[p-Ir-p-I BIp-p.
bmwK `qX--fp-am- b, kma- tlm-a-a- t{m-m-\-fpw D]- bPqtZw Xs ]pjv]w BIp-p. B Aar-X- AptZ-inp Ign-p. kh-b
--fp-tSbpw ^e-cq-]-\mb I BIp-p.
kqcy al-mb {iotbm-Sp-IqSn AXyw Pzen-p-sImXm\nhm GXm-\n-bPqw tjyXw bPqth
n-cn-p-p. kh-{]m-Wn-If
- p-tSbpw I- -fpsS ^e-amZa-`y-X]
- ; Xkym-` n-X]
- vXky bi-kvtXP
bn-cn-p Cu BZn-Xy-s\, {]Xy--ambn Fm-hcpw D]C{nbw ho-a-mZyw ctkm f PmbX
Po- hn- p-p.)

Hmw Jw

Hmw Aku hm BZntXym tZh-a[p;

Xky Zyu tch-Xnc o\-hw-tim f-cn
a-]q-t]m, aco-Nbx ]p{Xmx

2 XZzyc ZmZn-Xy-a-`ntXm f {ipbXv;

XZzm GX-Zy-tZX ZmZn-Xyky ipw cq]w

Cu bPq-p-I bPqth-Z-hn-ln-X-amb Iw A`n-X]n-p. A`n-X-]n--s AXn\v bipw tXPpw C{n-

213

I bhpw hohpw Am-Zy-hp-am-Ip ckw P\n-p. B I-

Zn-I Ap-I-fm-Ip-p. A-s\-bp Cu AYhmw-Kn-c^- e- am-Ip ckw Kanp; AXv BZn- Xys Hcp hiv B{i- p-I Cu CXn-lm-k-]p-cm-Ws A`n-X-]n-n-p. A`n-Xbn-p. BZn-Xys Cu ip-amb cq]w GtXm AXv Cu ]n--s CXn-lm-k- ]p-cm-W-n\v bi-pw, tXPpw C{nbhpw hohpw Am-Zyhpw ck-ambn P\n-p. AXp Kana[p-hm-Ip-p.
p. AXv BZn-Xys Hcp hiv B{i-bn-p. BZn-Xys
AY-tb fky {]Xy-tm-c-ivab kvXm Ghmky
Cu Ghpw Idp cq]w GtXm AXv B ckw Xs
{]Xy-tm-a-[ p-\mUyx kmam-t \yh a[p-IrXx
-bm-Wv.

kma thZ Gh ]pjv]w Xm AarXm B]x

Xm\nhm GXm\n kmam-t\yXw kma-thZ
a`y X], Xkym-`n-X-]vXky bikvtX P
C{nbw ho amZyw ctkm f PmbtX
XZz--cXv XZm-Zn-Xy-a-`ntXm f {ibXv; XZzm
GXZv btZ-X-Zm-ZnXy ky IrjvWw cq]w.
Cu BZn- Xys ]Sn- m- tdmp t]mIp civanI GXmtWm, AXv Cu a[p-hns {]Xy-p-If
- mb a[p-\m-Un-I
BIp-p. kma- Xs {`a-c- BIp-p. kma-th-Zm hn[n--s-Sp Iw ]pjv]w BIp-p. B AarX- Ap-If
- m-Ip-p. A-s\-bp Cu kma-,
kma-th-Z-n hn[n-n-p Iw A`n-X-]n-n-p. A`n-X]n- - s AXn\v bi- pw, tXP- pw, C{n-b -h pw,
hohpw Am-Zy-hp-am-Ip ckw P\n-n-p. B ckw
Kan- p. AXv BZn- Xys Hcp hiv B{i-bn- p. BZn- Xys
Cu IrjvW-amb cq]w GtXm, AXv Cu I-^-e-amb
a[p-hm-Ip-p.

\memw Jw
AY-tb-tky-Z-tm-ci
- vab kvXm Ghmtkym
ZotNym a[p-\mUyx AY-hmv Kn ck
Gh a[p-IrX CXn-lmk ]pcmWw ]pjv]w,
Xm AarXm B]x
tXhm GtXm f Yhmv Kock GX-ZnXn
lmk ]pcm-W-a-`y-X-] Xkym-`n-X]vX
ky bi-kvtXP C{nbw ho-a-mZyw
ctkm f PmbX
XZvhy--cXv XZm-Zn-Xy-a-`ntXm f {ibXv
XZzm GXXv btZX ZmZnXy ky]cw
IrjvWw cq]w.
Chs hS-tm-p civan-I GXmtWm Ah Xs
Cu a[p-h ns hS-tm-p a[p \mUn-I -f m-I p- p.
AYhm-hn-\mepw Av Koc-n-\mepw Ip-]n-Sn--s-np a{- Xs {`a-c--fm-Ip-p. CXn-lm-khpw ]pcmWhpw ]pjv]-am- Ip-p. I-n {]tbm-Kn- p tkmam-

Amw Jw
AYtb f tkymm-c-iva-bkvXm Ghmtkym
zm a[p-\mtUym Kplym Gh ff tZim
a[p-IrtXm {_ssh ]pjv]w Xm A
arXm B]x
tXhm GtX Kplym BtZim GX
Xv{_m`y X]; Xkym`n X]vkky
bi-kvtXP C{nbw ho-a-mZyw
ctkm f PmbX
XZz--cmXv XZm-ZnXy a`ntXm f {ibXv
XZzm GXZ btZX ZmZn-Xy-ky-at[y
tm`X Ch.
]ns Chs tatm-p civan- I GXmtWm AXv
Cu a[p-hns taevt]m-p a[p-\m-Un-I BIp-p. clkr--fmb D]-tZ-i- Xs a[p-Ir-p-If
- m-Ip-p.
{_w Xs ]pjv]-am-Ip-p. Btkm-am-Zn-I Ap-If
- mIp-p. A-s\-bp Cu Kply--fmb D]-tZ-i- Cu
{_s A`n-X-]n-n-p. A`n-X-]n--s {_-n\v
bipw tXPpw C{n-bhpw hohpw Am-Zyhpw ckambn Dm- bn. B ckw Kan- p. AXv BZn-Xys\ Hcp hiv
B{i-bn-p. BZn-Xys ay-n GXmtWm Cu tm`np--Xp-t]mse Ccn-p-Xv AXp Cu ck-am-Ip-p.

tXhm GtX ckm\mw ckx thZmln

ckm kvtXjm-tatX ckmx Xm\n hm
GXm-\y-arXm \ma-ar-Xm\n; thZmly
arXm-kvtX-jmta Xm\y-ar-Xm-\n.
ta]-d {]Im-c-ap tcmln-Xm-Zn-cq-]h
- n-ti-j-
ck--fpsS ck--fm-Ip-p. thZ- ck--fm-Ip-p.
tcmln-Xm-Zn-cq- ]-hn-ti-j- , B thZ- -fp-tSbpw AXyw
kmc-`q-X- -fpw BIp-p. An-s\-bp Ch Aar-X-fp-tSbpw Aar-X- -fm-Ip-p. Fs-m thZ- AarX- -fm-Ip-p. Cu tcmln-Xm-Zn-cq-]- Ahbvpw AarX-- fm-Ip- p.

214

I Bdmw Jw
XZyXv {]Y-a-a-arXw XZz-k-h-D-]-Po-hy
n \map-tJ\; \ ssh tZhm Aiv\n
\ ]n_-tyX tZhm-arXw Zrzm Xr ]yn.

k b GX tZh-a-arXw thZ cp{ZmWm

ansshtIm `qtXzt{ ssWh aptJssX
tZhm-arXw Zrzm Xr]yXn; k GX
tZh cq] a`n kwhn-itXy Xkvam {Zp]m
ZptZ-X n.

Ah-bn Hm-as AarXw GtXm AXns\ hkp An-bm-Ip apJw sImv D]- Po- hn-p- p. tZh-m
C{]-Imcw Cu AarXw Bcv Adn-bp- pthm Ah cp{ZAin-p-n-. ]m\w sNp-n-. Aar-Xs Fm Ic-W- m-cn Hcp- h- s\- tmse Bbn-onv C{-\m-Ip apJw-sf-sImpw A\p-`h
- n-nv Xr]vX- cm-Ip-p.
sImv CtX AarXw Zinp Xr]vX-\m- Ip-p. Ah CtX
cq]w t\mn-bn-cn-p-p. Cu cq]-ns t`mK-n-\mbn
X GX tZh cq] a`n-kw-hn-ity X
Dm-l-ap--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p.

kvam {Zp]m Zp Zyn

Ah Cu cq]w Xs t\mn-bn-cn-p-p. Cu cq]w

A\p-`h
- n-p--Xn-\mbn Dm- l-ap--h-cm-bn-o-cp-p.

k b GX-tZ-h-a-arXw thZ
hkv{X-\m-an-sshtIm `qXzm f n ss\h
aptJm ss\ XtZ-hm-arXw Zrzm Xr]y
Xn. k GX tZh cq] a`n kwhni
tXy Xkvam {Zp]m-Zp-t`-Xn.
Cu AarXw Bcv Adn-bp-pthm Ah hkp--fn
Hcp-h-s\-tmse Bbn-onv An-bm-I p apJwsImv Cu tcmln-X-cq-]a
- m-Ip AarXw Zinp Xr]vX\m-bn- o-cp-p. Ah Cu cq]w t\mn-sm-n-cn- p-p.
Cu cq]w A\p-`h
- n-p-hm-\mbn Dm-la
- p--h-\m-bn-ocp-p.

k bmh-Zm-ZnXyx ]pc-kvXm-Zp-tZXm ]m
ZkvXta Xm hkv{X\m tah Xmh-Zm[n
]Xyw kzmcmPyw ]tXm
B hnZzm BZn-Xy Ing-t Znn DZn-bpw ]Snmtd Znn AkvX-an-p-Ibpw sNp-n-S-tmfw
Imew hkp--fpsS B[n-]X
- y-t-bpw, kzcm-Py-tbpw
Fm-bn-Spw {]m]n-p-p.

Ggmw Jw
AY-bZv ZznXo-b-a-arXw X{Zp{Zm D]Po
ho-t{W aptJ\; \ sshtZhm A
iv\n X]n _ty X tZhm-arXw Zr
zmXr-]yn X GX-tZh cq]-a`n kw
hnity Xkvam {Zp]m-Zp-Zy-n.

k bmh ZmZnXyx ]pc-kvXm-Zp-tZXm

]m-Z-kvX-taXm ZznkvXm-hZv Zn
WX DtZ-tXm--ctXm f kvXta-Xmcp
{ZmWm tah-Xm-h-Zm-[n-]Xyw kzmcmPyw
]t-X m.
F{X-Im-et- mfw BZn-Xy Ingv DZn--bpw, ]Snmdv AkvX-an--bpw sNp-p-thm, AXns Cc-n-mew
sXp- Zn-n DZn- p- Ibpw hS- p- Zn- n AkvX-an- p- Ibpw
sNp-p. A{X- tm- fw- Imew hnZzm cp{Z- m- cpsS B[n-]-Xytbpw kzcm-Py-tbpw Fm- bn- Spw {]m]n-pw.

Fmw Jw
AY-bXv XrXo-b-a-arXw X`m-ZnXym D]
Pohn hcp-tW\ aptJ\; \ ssh
tZhm Aiv\n \ ]n_-tyX tZhm
arXw Zrzm Xr]y-n.
aqm-as AarXw GtXm AXns\ BZn-Xy-m hcpWs\ apJ-amn D]-Po-hn-p-p. tZh-m `n-p-n-.
]m\w sNp-n-. Cu cq]-am-Ip Aar-Xs Zinp
Xr]vX-cm-Ip-p.

X GX-tZh cq] a`n kwhn-i-ty

Xkvam-{Zp]m ZpZyn
Ah Cu cq]w t\mn-sm-n-cn-p-p. Cu cq]w
A\p-`h
- n-p--Xn-\mbn Dm- l-ap--h-cm-bn-o-cp-p.

k b GX-tZ-h-a-arXw thZf ZnXym

\manssh tIm `qXzm hcptW ss\h
aptJss\ XtZ-hm-arXw Zrzm-Xr-]y-Xn
k GX-tZh cq]-a`n kwhn-itXy
Xkvam tZh cq]m Zp t`Xn

cm- as AarXw GtXm AXv cp{Z-m C{-\m-Ip

apJw-sImv D]- Po-hn- p-p. tZh- m Ain- p-n; ]m\w
sNp-n; Cu AarXw Zin-nv Xr]vX-cm-Ip-p. Ah
Cu AarXw Bcv Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah BZn-Xy-mCtX cq]w t\mn-sImv kzkvX-cm-bn-cn-p-p. Cu cq]cn Hcp- h-s\- tmse Bbn- on- v, hcp- Ws\s apJns t`mK-n- \mbn Dm-l-ap--h-cm-bn-o-cp-p.

215

I amn CtX AarXw Zin-nv Xr]vX-\m-Ip-p. Ah CtX

cq]w t\mn-sm-n-cn-p-p. Cu cq]w A\p-`-hn-p-Xn-\p-thn Dm-l-ap--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p.

k bmh ZmZntXym Zn-WX DtZtXm

ctXm f kvXta Xm Zzn kvXmhXv ]ivOmZp
t`Xm ]pc-kvXt- aXm ff ZnXym-\m-ta-h Xm
hZm-[n-]Xyw kzmcmPyw ]tXm
F{X-Imew BZn-Xy sXt Znn DZn- bpw hS-tZn-n AkvXa
- n-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm AXns cpKpWw Imew ]Sn-m- dp-Zn-bpw Ingv AkvX-an-p-Ibpw
sNp-p. A{X-tmfw Imew Ah BZn-Xyam-cpsS
B[n-]-Xy-sbpw kzcm-Py-tbpw Fm-bn-Spw {]m]np-p.

H]Xmw Jw
AY-b- -Xp-a-arXw X-cpX D]-Po-hn
tkmta\ aptJ\; \ sshtZhm Aiv
\n\ ]n_-tyX tZhm-arXw Zrm
Xr]ynw X GX tZh-cq-]-a-`nkw
hnityXkvam-{Zp-] m-Zp-Zyn
k b GX tZh-a-arXw thZ acpXm
ansshtIm `qXzm tkm ta ss\h-aptJ
ss\X tZhm arXw Zrzm Xr]yXn;
k GX tZh cq]-a`n kwhn-itXy
Xkva m-{Zp-]m-Zp-tZ-X n.
kbm-h-Zm-ZnXyx ]m-Zp-t`Xm ]pckvXm
ZkvXt- aXm ZznkvXm-h-Zp--cX Dt`Xm
Zn-WtXm f kvXtaXm acp Xmh Zm[n
]Xyw kzcmPyw ]t-Xm.

AkvX-an-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Cu Imew B hnZzm acpp-I p-X -s - b p B[n-] -X y-t bpw kzcm-P ytbpw Fm-bn-Spw {]m]n-pw.

]mw Jw
AY-bXv ]-a-a-arXw Xm-[ym-D -]-Po-hn
{_Wm aptJ-\, \ ssh tZhm Aiv\n
\]n _tyX tZhm-arXw Zrzm Xr]y-n;
X GX-tZh cq]-a-`n-kw-hn-ity Xkvam-{Zq]m
Zp Zyn.
k b GX tZh-a-arXw thZ km[ym\
ansshtIm `qXzm {_-ssWh aptJ
ss\X tZhm-arXw Zr-]m-Xr-]y-Xn, k
GX tZh cq]-a-`n-kw-hn-itXy Xkvam
{Zp]m-Zp-tZ-Xn.
kbmh ZmZnXy D-cX DtZXm Zn
WtXm f kvXta Xm ZznkvXm hZqz DtZXm
fhm-kvXt- aXm km[ym-\m-ta-h-Xmh
Zm[n-]Xyw kzmcmPyw ]tXm;
Amas Aar-X-tatXm AXns\ km[y-m {_s, {_m-hns\ apJ-amn D]-Po-hn-p-p. tZh-m
Ain-p-n-. ]m\w sNp-n-. Cu AarXw Zin-nv
Xr]vX- cm-Ip-p. Cu AarXw Bcp Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah
km[y-m-cn Hcp-h-s\-tmse Bbn-on-p, {_m-hpXs bmb apJwsImv CtX AarXw Zin-nv Xr]vX\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah CtX cq]s t\mn Ccn-p-p.
Cu cq]s A\p-`-hn-p--Xn-\mbn Dm-l-ap--h-\m-bno-cp-p. BZn-Xy F{X-Imew hSv DZn--bpw, sXv
AkvX-an-p-Ibpw sNp-p-thm, AXns Cc-n-Imew
Duz-`m-K-n DZn-bpw Xmsg AkvX- an-bpw sNpp. A{X-tmfw Imew Ah kmy-mp-X
- mb
B[n-]X
- y-tbpw kzmcm-Py-tbpw ]cn-K-an-pw.

\mem-as Aar-X-ta-tXm, AXns\ acp-p-I tkma

s\ apJ-amn D]-Po-hn-p-p. tZh-m Bin-p-n-.
]m\w sNp-n-. Ah AarXv Zin-nv Xr]vX-m-cm-Ip]Xn- s \mmw Jw
p. Ah CtX cq]s t\mn-sm-n-cn-p-p. Cu
AY XX Duz DtZXy ss\ thm
cq]s A\p-`-hn-m-\mbn Dm-l-ap--h-cm-bn-o-cp-p.
Cu AarXw Bcp Adn-bp-pthm Ah acp-p-I-fn
tZXm \mkvXt- a-Xm, GIe Gh
Hcp-h-s\- tmse Bbn-onv tkma Xs- bmb apJwaty mXm; XtZj tmIx
sImp CtX AarXw Zin-nv Xr]vX-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
AXn-\p-tijw {_-am-bn- ov Dbnv DZn-m-Ah CtX cq]w t\mn- sm-n- cn- p- p. Cu cq]w A\ph\
mbpw AkvXa
- s {]m]n-m--h-\m-bnpw GI-e-am`-hn-m-\mbn Dm-l-ap-h
- -\m-bn-o-cp-p. F{X- Imew
bnp
Xns
nXn-s Npw B B \n
BZn-Xy ]Sn-mdv DZn-bpw Ingv AkvX-an-bpw
CutmIw
IqSn
Dv
.
sNp-pthm AXns KpWw hS- p-Zn-bpw sXv

216

\ ssh X{X, \ \ntmN t\mZn-bmb IZm-N\

tZhm-kvtX-\mlw ktXy\ am hncm-[njn
{_-tW-Xn.
B {_-tem-I-n \o tNmZn-p-Xv C. Hcn-epw
kqcy AkvX-an-n-n-. DZn-n-n-. Atbm tZh-mtc!
Rm {_-kz-cq-]- amb B kXy-tmSp hncp--\m-h-cp-tX.

\ lhm Akvam DtZXn \ \ntm-NXn

kIrXv Zn hm ssl hmkvssa `hXn
b GXm tahw {_tm-]-\n-jZw thZ.
C{]Imcw Cu {_tm-]-\n-j
- ns\ Bcv Adn-bp-pthm, Ah DZn- p- n- . AkvX -an- p- n-. Chv
Ftmgpw ]I Xs.

Xss-XZv {_m {]Pm-]-Xb DhmN

{]Pm-]-Xn-\th a\px {]Pm`yx Xss
XZp-m-e-Imbm f cpWtb tPyjvT- fb]p
{Xmb ]nXm {_-t{]m-hmN
An-s\-bp Cu a[p m\s lnc-Wy-K`
{]Pm-]-Xnv ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p. {]Pm-]Xn a\p-hn-\pw, a\p
{]P-Ipw Cu {_-m\w tPyjvT-]p-{X-\mb AcpWs A]-Xy-amb Dm-e-I\v ]nXmhv ]dp sImSp-p.

CZw hmh XPv tPymb ]p{Xmb

]nXm {_ {]{_q-bmXv; {]mWmbymb
hmft-hm-knt\; \m\y-kvssaI kvssa N\
A-s\- bp Cu {_-s-n ]nXm- h,v tPyjvT-\mb
]p{X-t\m, tbmKy-\mb injyt\m ]d-p-sIm-Sp--Ww.
A\y\v Hcp-\pw D]-tZ-in--cp-Xv.

bZy-]ykvam Cam-aZv`nx ]cn-Kr-loXmw

[\ky ]qmw ZZym tZX tZhX
tXm`qb CtXyX tZh-X-tXm-`qb CXn.
Cu hnZym-Zm-Xm-hn\v Pe-m Np-s--Xpw, [\wsImp ]qhpw Bb, Cu ]rYnsb sImSp- p-I-bm- sWn t]mepw Cu a[p hnZym-Zm\w sNp- Xv AXn- s\-m
A[n-I-am-bn-p--Xm-Ip- p.

]{mw Jw

sImp-h-p-sIm-Sp-p. DjvWn-v, A\p-jSv pv apX- emb

ap N- p-I- fpsS A-c-kw- Jy-I-fn Kmb- {Xn-bpsS Ac-kwJy AS-n-bn-cn-p-p. Cm-c-W--fm-semw Kmb{Xnv b-n {]m[m-\y-ap-v. AXn-\m Kmb{Xn hgnbmbn {_w ]d-bp-p.)

Kmb{Xo hm CZw khw `qXw bZnZw

InwN; hmssKz Kmb-{Xo, hmKzm CZw
khw `qXw Kmb-Xn-{Xm-b-tXN
Cu PK-m-bn-cn-p-Xv GsX-m-tam, B `qX-samw
Kmb-{Xn-bm-Ip-p. Kmb{Xn FXv hmm-Ip-p. hmv Cu
`qXs Km\w sNbvIbpw {XmWw sNbvIbpw sNp-p.

bm ssh km Kmb-{Xn, Cbw hmh km, tbbw

]rYnhn; Akymw loZw khw `qXw {]Xn
jvTnXw; GXm tah XmXn iob-tX.
Cu Kmb{Xn GXmtWm AXv CXp-X-s-bm-Ip-p. Cu
{]nYnhn GtXm AXp Kmb-{Xn- bm-Ip-p. Cu `qX-samw Cu
{]nYn-hn-bn {]Xn-jT
v n-X-am-bn-cn-p-p. AXns\ AXn-i-bnp- n-.

bm sshkm ]rYn-hn, Cbw hmhkm bZn

Za-kvan ]pcptj ico-cw, Akvan
lota {]mWx {]Xn-jvTnXmx G
\tZh \mXn-io-b-t.
C{]-Im-c-ap ]rYnhn GXmtWm AXv CXm-Ip-p. Cu
icocw GtXm AXv CXm-Ip-p. Fs-m Cu {]mW Cu ico-c-n {]Xn-jT
v n-X-fm- bn-cn-p-p. CXns\
AXn-i-bn- p-n-.

b ssZzXXv ]pcptj icoc anZw hmh-X-Xv,

bZn-Z-ax ]pcp-tj-lr-Zbw; Akvan
lota-{]mWmx {]Xn-jvTnXmx GX-tZh
\mXn- io-b -t.
]pcp- j-\n-ep B icocw GtXm AXv ]pcp- js Dnep Cu lrZ-ba
- m-Ip-p. Fs-m Cu {]mW-
Cu lrZ-b
- n {]Xn-jvTn-X--fm-bn-cn-p-p. CXv AXn{I-an-p-n-.

sskjm NXp-jv]Zm jUzn-[m Kmb{Xo

XtZX ZrNm f `y\qw

(]e O-p-I-fp--tm, Kmb-{Xnsbs {_An-s\-bp Cu Kmb{Xo \mep-]m-Z

- -tfm-Sp-Iq-Snm-\-n\v Zzmc-ambn FSp--Xv, Kmb- {Xn- p {]m[m\yw
bXpw
Bdph
n[

ne
p
X
pa
mI
p
p.
Cu
Kmb{Xo
Fp
sImm-W.v kmas sImp-h-cp-Xv Kmb-{Xo-O--n-ep, Ep-I sImm-W.v kma-s- sIm-p-h- cp--Xn- \mbn ]d-bp {_w En-\m {]Im-in-n--s-n-cn-p-p.
tZh-m Kmb- {Xn, {Xnp-v, PKXn Chsb \ntbm-Kn-- tm,
Xmhm-\ky alnam XtXm Pymbmw
PK-Xnbpw {Xnvpw, Xp in-bn-m--Xn-\m,
]pcpjx ]tZmfky khm-`q-Xm\n
]IpXn hgn-p-hv aS-n-t]m-bn. Kmb{Xn tkma-ns
{Xn]m-Z-kym-arXw Znhn.
ASp--se-n. Imhmsc tXmev]nv AXv tZh-mv

217

CXv Kmb{Xn Fp ]d-bp-Xv {_-ns aln-ab

- m- Imcw Bcp Adn-bp-pthm Ah {iobph\mbpw biIp- p. ]pcp- j AXn- t\-m al--c-\m-Ip- p. Fm `qX- p--h-\mbpw Xocp-p.
fpw Chs \men-semcp `mK-am-Ip-p. Chs aqp-]mAY tbm fky {]Xyv kpjnx tkmf]m\x
Z--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb AarXw tZymhn-em-Ip-p.

bssZz XZv {_t-XoZw hmh-X-Xv, tbm bw

_lnm ]pcp-jm-ZmImix, tbm ssh k_
lnm ]pcpjm ZmImtimf bw hmh ktbf
bax ]pcpj BImix, tbm ssh tkmf
x ]pcpj BImtim f bw hmh-ktbm f b
a lrZb BImix, XtZ-XXv ]q
a {]hn ]qm-a-{]-hn\ow {inbw
e`ytX b Ghw thZ.
B {_- sap ]d- Xv GtXm, AXv CXm-Ip- p. ]pcpj-\n \np shfn-p Cu BImiw GtXm AXv CXmIp-p. ]pcp-j\p shfnp BImiw GtXm AXv CXmIp-p. ]pcp-js Dn-ep Cu BImiw GtXm AXv
CXm-Ip-p. ]pcp-js Dn-ep Cu BImiw GtXm
AXv CXm-Ip-p. lrZ-b
- n-\p-n-ep Cu BImiw
GtXm AXv CXm-Ip-p. A-s\-bp lrZ- bm-Im-i- sap
]d-bp Cu {_w ]qhpw {]hn-p ioe-an-mXpw BIp-p. C{]-Imcw Bcp Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah\v
]qhpw \mi-an-m--Xp-amb {io e`n-p-p.

]Xn-aqmw Jw
Xky lhm GXky lrZ-bky
]-tZ-h -kp-j
bx, ktbm fky {]mv kpjnx k {]mW, kvX
px, k BZn-Xy, kvXtZ-X-ttPmf
mZy-anXyp ]mknX; tXPkzymtZm `hXn
b Ghw thZw.
Cu {]Ir- X-amb lrZ-b-n\v Ap tZh-Zz-c- Dv.
lrZ-b-ns B Ing-p Zzmcw GtXm AXv {]mW-\mIp-p. AXp Np-m-Ip-p. AXv BZn-Xy-\m-Ip-p. Cu
{]mW-s\p ]d-bp {_s tXPpw Am-Zyhpw
Fp-hv D]m-kn--Ww.

AY tbm fky ZnWx kpjnx khy-\,

kvXNvt{im-{Xw, k N{-amkvX tZX Nv
Ovdo bi-t-Xyp-]m-koX; {ioam
b i kzo `hXn b Gh thZ.
Cu lrZ- b-ns he-Xp-h-i-p Zzmcw GtXm AXv
hym\-\m-Ip-p. AXv t{im{X- am-Ip-p. AXv N{-a-\-m-Ipp. A-s\-b p hym\-s \p ]d-bp {_s
{iosbpw bi-spw hnNm-cnv D]m-kn--Ww. C{]-

km hmIv tkm fn, kvXtZ-XZv {_h

k-a-mZy anXyp ]mkoX; {_-h
kym-tZm-`-h-Xnb Ghw thZ.

Cu lrZ-b
- ns ]Sn-m-dp-h-i-ap Zzmcw GtXm
AXv A]m- \-\ BIp- p. AXp hmm-Ip-p. AXp Anbm-Ip-p. An-s\-bp CXv {_-h-k-sapw AmZy-sapw hv D]m-kn--Ww. C{]-Imcw Bcp Adn-bppthm Ah {_-h-k-ap--h\
- mbpw A\m-Z-\mbpw
`hn-p-p.

AYtbm f tkymZv kpjnx k kam-\,

kvX\x, k]-\y-kvX-tZ-XXv Ion
hypjvTn-t-Xyp-]m-koX; Ion-am
hypn-am `hXn b Ghw thZ.
Cu lrZ- b-ns hS- tm-p Zzmcw GtXm AXv kam\ BIp-p. AXv a\-m-Ip-p. ]P-\y AXm-Ip-p.
An-s\-bp CXns\ Ion-sbpw hypjvTn-sbpw
hv D]m-kn--Ww. Bcv C{]-Imcw D]m-kn-p-pthm
Ah Ion-bp-h
- \
- mbpw hypn-bp--h\
- mbpw `hnpw.

AYtbm ftkym zx kpjnx k DZm\x, k

hmbpx k BImi tZX tZmP al
tXyp ]mkoX; HmPkzo alkzo `
hXnb Ghw thZ.
lrZ-b-ns taevt]m-p Zzmcw GtXm AXv DZm-\
BIpp; hmbp AXm-Ip-p. An-s\-bp CXns\ HmPspw al- spw IcpXn D]m- kn--Ww. C{]-Imcw Bcp
Adn-bp-pthm Ah HmP-kzn-bmbpw al-kzn-bmbpw Xocpp.

tX hm GtX ]-{_ ]pcpjmx kzKky

temIky Zzmc]mx, kb GXm-t\hw
]-{_ ]pcp-jm kzKky temIky
Zzmc-]m thZmky Ipte hotcm Pmb
tX {]Xn-]-ZytX kzw temIw b
GXm-t\hw ]-]p-cp-jm kzKky
temIky Zzmc-]m thZ
Cu Ap {_-]p-cp-j-m kz-am-Ip temIns Zzmc-]m-e-I-cm-Ip-p. kz-am-Ip temI-ns
Zzmc-]m-e-m-cmb Cu Ap ]pcp-j- msc Bcp D]m-kn- ppthm Ahs Ipe-n hoc-\mb ]p{X P\n-pw.
kz- am-Ip temI-ns Zzmc-]m-e-m-cmb Ap {_-

218

I ]p-cp-j-msc Bcv D]m-kn-p-pthm Ah kz-am-Ip

temIw {]m]n-pw.

AY bZXx ]tcm Znthm tPymXnZo

]ytX hnizXx ]rjvtTjp khXx
]rjvtT-j z-\p--ta-jvT--tajp temtI
jznZw hmh-XZv bZn-Z-ax ]pcptj
tPymXnkvX ssky jmZr-n ss{X XZkvan
RvOcotc kw kv]ti-t\mjvWn am\w hn
Pm\mXn; X ssky jm {ipXn ss{X-XXv
Im-h]n Krly \n\-Z-an-h-\-ZY
- q-cnhm
tcn hPz-eX D]-ir-tWmXn XtZ
Xrw N{ipXw tNXyp-]m-koX
Npjyx {iptXm `hXn b Ghw thZ.

Bm flr-Ztb fWobm {hotlm

bhm Zzm k-]mZzm imam-ImZzm iymam
IX-p-emZzm; Gja Bm f
lrZtb Pymbm ]rYnhy Pymbm-\n
cnm-ym-b Znthm Pym bmt\
t`ym temtI`yx

lrZ-b-]p--coI a[y-n-ep-, Fs Cu Bmhv

at\m-a-b\pw {]mW-\m-Ip ico-c-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\pw,
ssNX-\y-e--W-amb cq]-tmSp IqSn- b-h-\pw, kXy-fmb k-e]
v - -tfmSp IqSn- b-h-\pw, BImiw t]mse-bp
kzcq-]-tmSp IqSn-b-h\
- pw, kh-e-P-K-p-am-Ip Itm-Sp-Iq-Snbh\pw tZmj-c- ln-X--fm-b, Fm Ima--tfmSp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\pw, kpJ-Ic
- --fmb Fm K--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb-h-\pw, kzmZp--fmb Fm ck--tfmSpw IqSn-b-h\pw
Cu PK-ns\ Fmw A`n-hym-]n-n-cn-p--h-\pw, hmv{ZnBZyp-tem-I-n \np ]c-am-bn, hniz-n\pw ]rjvT- b-an-m--h-\pw, kw{`-a-an-m--h\pw BIp-p. Ah
n, AXm-bXv kh-n\pw apI-fn D-a--fmb {holn-sb-mfpw bh-s-mfpw ISp-In-s\-mfpw NmatemI- - fn bmsXmcp tPymXnv Zo]n-p-- Xp- t]mse Ccn- sb-m-fpw, Nma-b-cn-sb-mfpw AWp-X-c-\m-Ipp! lrZ-bp-pthm AXv CXm-Ip-p. Ftm ico-c-kw-k]
v iw a-y-n-ep Fs Cu Bmhv ]rYn-hn-sb-m alsImv NqSns\ Adn-bp-pthm Atm AXv ]pcp-js
-c-\m-Ipp; A-co--t-m al--c-\m-Ipp;
ay-n-en-cn-p tPymXn-ns Zi-t\m-]m-b-am-Ip-p.
tZymhn-t\-m al--c-\m-Ip-p. Cu temI--sf-m
Ftm C{]-Imcw I- sf AS-nv cY-tLmjw
al-- c-\m-Ip- p.
t]mse-bp i_vZw t]msebpw Pzen-p An-bpsS
kh-Im kh-Imax kh-Kx
i_vZw t]msebpw tIp-pthm Atm CXv AXns
{ih-tWm-]m-b-am-Ip-p. An-s\-bp Cu tPymXn-ns\
kh-ckx kh-an-Z-a-`ymtm fhmIy
Zr-sapw {ipX-sapw IcpXn D]m-kn--Ww. Cs\
\mZc Gja Bm flr-Zb
Bcv D]m-kn-p-pthm Ah Zi-\o-b-\mbpw hn{ip-XGXZv {_ss XanXx t{]Xym`n
\mbpw Xocp-p.

]Xn- memw Jw
X-em\w CZw-khw Jep {_-CX
- n-imx
D]m-koX kx {IXpw IphoX AY Jep
]pcpjx {IXp-abx ]pcpjx Akvantem
tI bYm-{IXpx CXx t{]Xy-X-Ym-`-h-Xn.
B {_-n \np P\n-p--Xpw, AXn Xs
ebn-p--Xpw, AXn tNjvTn-p-Xpw Bb Cu PKsmw {_s cmK-tZz-jmZn tZmj- IqSmsX D]mkn--Ww. Ah C-s\-bm-Wv, asmcp hn[-n-e
Fp \nbw sN-Ww. Poh A[y-hk
- m-b-kz-cq-]\m-Ip-p. ]pcp-j Cu temI-n GXp hn[-n-ep
A[y-h-km-b-tm-Sp-Iq- Sn-b- h-\m- bn-cn-p- pthm Ah Cu
tZlw acn-nv An- s\-bm-bn-o-cp-p.

at\m-abx {]mW-i-cotcm `mcp]x k

Xyk-ev] BIm-imm kh-Im
kh-Imamx kh-Kx kh-ckx
kh-an-Z-a-`ymtm fhmIy \mZw Gja

kw`-hn-Xm-kvaoXn bky kym Zm \

hnNn-Inm fkvXnXn lkvam ffl im
neyx imneyx

lrZ-b-a - y- n-e p Fs Cu Bmhv khImhpw kh-Im-a\pw kh-K-\pw kh-c-k-\pw, Cu

PK-ns\ Fmw A`n hym]n-n-cn-p--h\
- pw, hmn-m-h\pw kw{`-a-an-m--h\pw BIp-p. CXp {_-am-Ipp. Cu tZl-n \nv hnp t]mbnv Rm Bm-hmbn-o-cpw. CXv \n-b-am-W.v CXv Bv kXy-ambn Dmbn-cn-p-p-thm, kwibw Dm-bn-cn-p-n- tbm Ah
AXp-t]m-se-Xs Cuiz-c-`m-hs {]m]n-pw. Cs\
imn-ey F Ejn ]d-n-cn-p-p.

]Xn-\ mw Jw
A-co-tm-Zcx tImtim `qan-_pvt\m
\ Po-Xn, Zntim lyky-{k-tbm
Zyuc-tkym-cw hnew; k Gj tImi
h kp[m\ kvXkvan hniz-anZw {inXw.

219

A-co-- am-Ip DZ-c-tmSp IqSn-b-Xpw, `qan-bm-Ip

Cu PK-m-bn-cn-p-Xv GsX-mtam A-s\-bp
aqe-tmSp IqSn-bX
- pw, Bb `m-c-sn \in-p-n-. Cu `qX- sa- mw {]mW BIp- p. AXn- \m {]mW {]]tZy
Cu tImi-ns tImW- Znp-I-fm-Ip-p. CXns Fv hm- hmb Rm ]d-Xp GtXm AXp- sImv B
apI-fn-es kpjncw tZymhm-Ip-p. Cn-s\-bp Cu {]mW-s\-s Rm icWw {]m]n- n-cn-p-p.
tImiw [\w hbvp--Xm-Ip-p. BtIm-i-n-\p-n,
AY bZ-thmNw `qx {]]Zy CXn, ]rYnhow
{]mWn-I-fpsS I- ^-e-samw nXn sNp-p.

Xky {]mNo-ZnKv Pqlqma kl-am\ \ma

Zn-Wm, cmn, \ma {]Xo-No, kp`qXm
\mtam ZoNn; Xmwtkm hmbphwx, kb
GX-tahw hmbpw Znimw hw thZ \
]p{Xtcm Zw tcmZnXn; tkm flta Xtahw
hmbpw Znimw hw thZ; am ]p{X-tcmZw cpZw

{]]tZy fcow {]]tZy Znhw {]]

tZy CtXyh XZ thmNw

`qx {]]tZy Fv Rm ]d-t- XtXm AXpsImv

]rYn-hnsb Rm icWw {]m]n-p-p. A-co-s
icWw {]m]n-pp Fpw tZymhns\ icWw {]m]npp Fpw Xs BWv Rm ]d--Xv.

AY bZ thmNw `phx {]]Zy CXynw {]]tZy

hmbpw {]]Zy BZnXyw {]]Zy CtXyh
XZ-thm-N w.

B tImi-ns Ingt Znv Pqlp Fp t]cp-Xm-Ip-p. sXt Znv kl-am-\, Fp t]cp--Xm-Ipp. ]Sn-m-sd-Znv cmPn Fp t]cp--Xm-Ip-p. hSt
]ns `qhx {]]tZy Fv Rm ]d--tXtXm AXpZnv kp`qX Fp t]cp-- Xm- Ip- p. hmbp BZn-p-I-fpsS
sImv
Ansb icWw {]m]n-pp Fpw hmbp-hns\
hkvX-\m-Ip-p. Cu hmbp-hns\ Znp-I-fpsS h-\mbn
icWw
{]m]n-pp Fpw, BZn-Xys\ icWw {]m]n]p{X\v ZoL-Po-hn-X- am-{K-ln-p--Xmbn Bc-dn-bp-pthm
Ah ]p{X \nan--ap tcmZ\w tcmZn--bn-. As\ pp Fpw Xs- bmWv Rm ]d--Xv.
]p{X\p ZoL-Po-hn-X-an-n-p Rm Cu hmbp-hns\
AY bZ-thmNw kzx {]]Zy CXyr tKzZw
Znp-I-fpsS hkvX-s\v Adn-bp-p. Rm]p-{X \nan-{]]tZy bPqthZw {]]tZy kma-thZw
ap tcmZ-\w-sImp tcmZn--cp-X.v

Acnw tImiw {]]tZy ap\m

fap\m fap\m, {]mWw {]]tZyf
ap\m fap\m fap\m, `qx {]]tZy
fap\m fap\m fap\m, `qhx {]]tZy fap\m
fap\m fap\m, kzx {]]tZy fap\m
fap\m fap\m
]p{X\v ZoLm-bpv B{K-ln-p--h, ss{XtemIys Hcp `m-c-s-n-bmbpw {]tXyI \ma--tfm-Sp-IqSnb AXns \mep-Zn-p-Is
- fbpw kv{XoI-fmbn k-e]
v nv
B Znp-I-fp-am-bp kw_--m hmbp-hn-s\, B
Znp-I-fpsS ac-W-an-m h-\mbn Nnn--W-sa-pXv {]Y-tam-]m-k-\-am-Ip-p. ChnsS AXns Bva-bamb P]s ImWn- p- p. ]p{Xs \mas aqp XhW
]pd-bp--Xm-Wv. Aap-\m, Aap-\m, A ap\m F-Xv. Rm
C ]p{X\v ZoLm-bp- p- m-Ip-hm thn, \mi-an-m
tImis icWw {]m]n-p-p. Cu ]p{X-\p-thn
{]mWs\ icWw {]m]n- p-p. Cu ]p{X-\p-thn `qtemIs icWw {]m]n-p-p. Cu ]p{X-\p-thn kztemIs icWw {]m]n-p-p. Fm-bn-Spw ap{- ap-\- \maw
aqp XhW ]d-bpp.

k bZ thmNw {]mWw {]]Zy CXn,

{]mtWm hm CZw khw `qXw
bZnZw Inw N Xtah XXv {]m]n.

{]]Zy CtXyh XZ-thmNw

""kzx {]]tZy'' Fv Rm ]d--tXtXm AXp-sImv
""EtKz-Zs'' Rm icWw {]]n-p-p. ""bPqth-Zs''
Rm icWw {]m]n-p-p. ""kma- th-Zs'' Rm icWw
{]m]n-p-p. Rm ]d-Xv CXm-W.v

]Xn-\ mdmw Jw
]p{Xs Bbp-n-\p-th-n-bp D]m-k-\hpw P]-hpamWv CXp-hsc ]d--Xv. C\n X\np Xs ZoL-Po-hnX-n-\p-th-n-bp D]m-k-\bpw P]hpw ]d-bp-p. Pohnn-cp-m-et ]p{X apX-emb ^e- A\p-`h
- n-m
Ign-b q.

]pcptjm hmh bx Xky bm\n

NXphnw-iXn
hjmWn XXv {]mXx kh\w NXp
hnwiXy cm Kmb-{Xo, Kmb-{Xw,
{]mXx kh-\w, XZky hkthm \zm
bmx {]mWm hmh hkh GtX
loZw khw hmk-bn
]pcp-j Xs b-am-Ip-p. Ahs BZys
Ccp-]
- n-\mep hj- GXmtWm AXv {]mXx kh-\am-Ip-p. Kmb{Xn Ccp-]-n-\m-e-- c-ap--Xm-Ip-p. {]mXx

220

I kh\w Kmb{Xn O-m-bn-p--Xm-W.v Cu ]pcp-j-\m-Ip

b-ns B{]mXx kh-\s hkp- A\p-K-X-cmbn-cn- p-p. hkp- {]mW- Xs- bm-Wv. Cu {]mW CXns\ Fmw hkn-n-p-p.

Xw tNtZ-X-kvan hbkn Inw NnZp-]Xv

t]Xv, k{_q-bmXv {]mWm hkh CZw
ta {]mXx kh\w am[yw Zn\w kh\
a\pkw X\p-tXXn; am f lw {]mWm\w
hkq\mw aty btm hntem-]vko-tbXn;
Dss-h-XX GXy-KtZm l `h-Xn.

AXn\n-v, B D]-Xm-]-n \nv Db-cp-p. AK-Z-\mbn-o-cp-p. CXv Xo-bm-Wv.

AY-bm-\ym NXzm-cnwi ZzjmWn XXv

XrXob kh\w Am-N-Xzmcnwi Z
cm PKXo; PmKXw XrXob kh\w;
XZky ffZnXym A\zm-bmx {]mWm
hmh ffZnXym GtX loZw kh-am-Z-Z-tX.

\mev]-sp hj- GXmtWm AXv XrXo-bk

- -h\-am- Ip-p. PKXn F Ov \mev]- s--- c- ap aqmas kh\w PK-Xnsb kw_-n-X
- m-Wv. Cu ]pcp-j-b
ns
B
XrXob
k
h
\w
BZnX
y-m A\p-K-X-cm-bnb-ambn km-Zn--s-n-cn-p B ]pcp-js\
{]mXx kh-\-ambn k--am-bn-cn-p hb-n ac-W-i- cn- p- p. BZn- Xy- m {]mW Xs- bm- Wv. Fs- m
m-Im-c-W-amb hym[n apX-emb Fs- nepw D]-X- ]n--bm- Cu {]mW- CXns\ Fmw BZm\w sNp-p.
sW-n, bkw]m-Zn-bmb ]pcp-j P]n- -W w.
Xw tNtZ-X-kvan hbkn Inw NnZp]
Atbm {]mW--fm-Ip hkp-sf CXv Fs {]mXx
Xt]Xv k {_qbmXv: {]mWm B
kh-\-am-Ip-p. am[yw Zn\-amb kh-\s A\p-k-m\w
ZnXym CZw ta XrXob kh-\-am-bpc
sNp-hn. b-amb Rm {]mW--fm-Ip hkp-fpsS \Sp- hn hv hntem-]n-- cp- Xv. B D]-Xm-]-n \nv
\p kw X\p-tX-Xn. am flw {]mWm\m
DZvK-an-p-p. tcmK-hn-ap--\m-bn-o-cp-p. CXv Xo-bmamZnXym \mw at[y btm hntem]vko
Wv.

tbXn; Dssh XX GXy-KtZm l `h-Xn.

AY-bm\n NXp-kvO-Xzmcnw iZzjm-Wn, X

m[yw Zn\w kh\w; NXp--Xzm-cnwi
Z-cm-{Xn-p]v; ss{Xp` am[yw
Zn\w kh\w; XZky cp{Zm A\zm-bmx,
{]mWm hmh cp{Zmx, GtX lnZw
khw tcmZ-b-n.
\mev]Xp hj- Ghtbm AXv a[yw Zn\-amb kh\-am-Ip-p. {Xnnv F Ov \mev]-n-\m-e
- - c-ap-Xm-Ip-p. Cu ]pcp-j-b--ns kh-\s cp{Z-m
A\p-K-X-cm-bn-cn-p-p. cp{Z-m {]mW- Xs-bm-W.v
Cu {]mW- Cu {]mWnPmXs Ic-bn-p-p.

Xw tNZ-kvan hbkn InwNn-`p-]-X-t]Xv

k{_q-bmXv: {]mWm cp{Zm CZw ta
amyw Zn\w kh\w XrXob kh\
a\pkw X\p-tX-Xn, am flw {]mWm\mw
cp{ZmWmw at[y btm hntem]vko
tbXn; Dssh XX GXy-KtZm
l `h-Xn.
b-ambn km-Zn--s-n-cn-p ]pcp-js\ aywZn\ kh-\-Im-e-n, hym[n apX-emb Fs- nepw D]-X]n-n--bm-sW-n Ah P]n--Ww. {]mW--em-Ip
cp{Z-msc CXv Fs am[yw-Zn-\-amb kh-\-am-Ip- p. XrXob
kh-\s A\p-k--]n-q. b-amb Rm {]mW-fm-Ip cp{Z-m-cpsS a[y-n hv hntem-]n--cp-Xv.

B ]pcp-js\ HSp-hn-es \mev]-s-p-hj-n

hym[n apX-emb Fs-nepw D]-X-]n-n--bm-sW-n
Ah P]n--Ww. {]mW--fm-Ip BZn-Xy-msc Fs
Cu aqm-as kh-\a
- m-Ip Bbp apgp-h-\m-q.
b-amb Rm {]mW--fm-Ip BZn-Xy-m-cpsS a[ynhv hntem-]n--cp-Xv. Ah B D]-Xm-]-n \nv
Db-cp-p. Ah tcmK-hn-ap--\m-bn-o-cp-p.

GX kva XZzn-Zzm-\ml aln-Zmk

sFX-tcbx, k Inw a GX-Zp]
X]kn tbm fla t\\ \ t{]jym
aoXn; kl-tjm-Uiw hj iXa
PohXv; {]ml, tjmUiw hj-iXw
PohXn b Ghw thZ
An-s\-bp Cu b-Zi-\s Adn-n-p
CX-c-bpsS ]p{X-\mb aln-Zm-k ]dp: Rm \o
sNp D]-Xm-]w-sImv acn--b n-. An-s \-bp
F\nv \o Fn\p D]- {Zhw Dm- pp. aln- Zm- k \qn- Xn- \m- dp- hjw Pohn- p. C{]- Imcw b- kw- ]m- Z-\s Adnbp ap- -h\pw Cns\ \qn--Xn- \mdp hjw Pohn-w.p

]Xn-t\gmw Jw
k bZ iojXn bXv ]n]m-kXn b
catX Xm Bky Zomx

221

B ]pcp-j Ain-p-hm-\n-n-pp F-tX-tXm,

]m\w sNbzm-\n-n-pp F-tX-tXm, can-m-Xn-cn-p-tX- tXm, Ah Chs Zo-bm-Ip-p.

AY bZ-iv\mXn bXv ]n_Xo

b{Z-atX XZp-]k ssZtcXn
Ain-p-Xp bmsXm-mtWm can-p-Xv bmsXm-mtWm AXv D]-k-p--tfmSv kam-\X {]m]n-p-p.

AY b-kXn b-Xn bssYp

\w NcXn kvXpX-ikv{X tch XtZXn.
lkn-p-Xp bmsXm-tm, `n-p-Xv bmsXm-tm
ssaYp\w sNp-Xv bmsXm-tm AXv kvXpX ikv{X-tfmSp kmayw {]m]n-p-p.

AY-bXv Xt]m-Zm\ amP-h-a-lnwkm

kXy-h-N-\a
- n-XnXm Aky ZnWmx
X]-,v Zm\w, EPq-Xzw, Alnw-k, kXyw ]d-bp-I, Fp-tXtXm Ah Cu ]pcp-j-b--ns Zn-W -I fm-Ip-p.

Xkvam-Zmlqx tkmjy-Xy-tkm-tXn; ]p
\cp ]mZ\ tahm kyXXv; acWtahm ]ZrYx
AXp-sImp khnpw Fpw khnp Fp ]d-bpp. AXv Cu ]pcp-j-b--ns ]p\-cp]m-Z\w Xsbm-Ip-p. acWw Xs b-]-cn-k-am-]X
v n-bm-Ip-p.

Xss-XZv tLmc Bv Knckx

Ir-jvWmb tZhIo ]p{Xmtbm tzm
hmN; A]n-]mk Gh k _`qhm;
tkm fth-em-bmta XXv{Xbw {]Xn-]tZy
X: An-X -a-ky-Nyp-X-akn {]m-Wk
- win
Xa-koXn; Xss{XtX tZz ENu `hXx

DZzbw Xa-kk
- v]-cn-tPymXnx ]iy-D
cw kzx ]iy Dcw tZhw
tZh{Xm kqcy-a-K tPymXn-cp-a
anXn tPymXn-cp- -a-an-Xn.

Am-\ -e--W -amb Xa- n-\ - p-d w, BZn-X y-\n

nXn-sN-p-, tPymXn-ns\ Ip-sImv ap tPymXnp-Isf Dt]-nv DIrXc-amb \psS lrZ-b
- nep tPymXn-ns\ Ip-sImv Fm tZh-m-cnepw
tZh\pw tPymXn-p-If
- n hp--a-\p-amb kqcys\ \mw
{]m]n-n-cn- p- p.

]Xn-s\mw Jw
at\m {_t-Xyp-]m-kosX Xy[ymw
AYm\n ssZhX amImtim {_tXn
D`-b-am-Znw `h-Xy-[ymw Nm[n ssZh-aXw
a\v {_-am- Ip- p. Fp IcpXn D]m- kn--Ww. Bhn-j-b- I-amb Zi-\w, tZh-Xm-hn-j- b-amb Zi-\w, ]d-bm
t]mIp-p. BImiw {_-am-Ipp Fp hnNm-cnv D]mkn--Ww. C{]-Imcw A[ym- hpw A[n-ssZ-h-Xhpw cpw
D]-tZ-in--s- n-cn-p-p.

XtZX Xp-jv]mZv {_, hmIv,

]mZx {]mWx ]mZ-px ]mZx
t{im{Xw ]mZ CXy-[ymw AYm[n
ssZhXw: Anx ]mtZm hmbpx ]m
Z, BZnXyx ]mtZm Znix ]mZ CXyp
`b-tahm ffZnw `hXy [ymw ssN
hm[n ssZhXw N.

An-s\-bp Cu {_w \mep-]m-Z--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-XmIp-p. Cu ]mZw hmm-hp-p. Hcp ]mZw {]mW-\m-Ip-p.

Cu b-Zi-\s Av Knc-ns tKm{X-n- Hcp ]mZw Np-m-Ip-p. Hcp ]mZw t{im{X-am-Ip-p. C\n
ep tLmc tZh-Io-]p-{X-\mb IrjvW\v ]d-p-sIm-Sp- A[n-ssZ-hXw ]d-bm t]mIp-p. Hcp ]mZw An-bm-Ipn- p-v. IrjvW ]n]mk Cm--h-\mbn `hn-p. C{]- p. Hcp ]mZw hmbp-hm-Ip-p. Hcp ]mZw BZn-Xy-\m-Ip-p.
Im-c-ap bw Adn-bp--h ac-W-Im-e-n Cu Hcp ]mZw Znp-I-fm-Ip-p. Cns\ A[ym-hpw A[naqp a{hpw P]n-Ww: \o AnXw BIp-p. \o ssZ-h-Xhpw cp hn[-nepw NXp-jv]m-mb {_t
kzcq-]-n\p \mi- an-m- -Xm-Ip-p. \o {]mW\pw kqva- D]-tZ-in-p-p.
X-z-hp-am-Ip-p. Cu A-n Xmsg--d-bp cv
hmtKh {_W Xp ]mZ
Ep-I Dv.

BZnXv {]Xv\ky tcXkx ]iyn

hmkcw ]tcm bZn-[y-tX-Znhn

tkm fn\m tPymXnjm `mXn N

Xh\n N `mXn N X]-XnN Io
ym bikm {_-htk \b
Ghw thZ.

{]Xv\-amb PK- Zv_o- P-ns ]It]m-se- bp tPymXnns\ {_-hn-p-I Fm-bn-Spw ImWp-p. B

a\-m-Ip {_-ns \mem-as ]mZw hmp-XtPymXnv ]c-ambn tZymX-\a
- p ]c-{_--n {]Im-ins-bm-Ip-p. B ]mZw An-bm-Ip tPymXn-p-sImv
p-p.

222

I {]Im-in-p-Ibpw Xm]s Dm-p-Ibpw sNp-p. C{]Imcw Bcv Adn-bp-pthm Ah Ion-sImpw bip-sImpw {_-h--kw sImpw Zo]n-bpw X]n-pIbpw sNp-p.

{]mW Gh {_-W--Xpx ]mZx

khm-bp\m tPymXn `mXnN X]-Xn-N,
`mXn-N, X]-XnN Ioym bikm
{_ h k\ b Ghw thZ
a\-m-Ip {_-ns \mep ]mZ-- fn Hv {]mW\m-Ip-p. B hmZw hmbp-hm-Ip tPymXn-p-sImv Zo]nbpw X]n-bpw sNp-p. C{]-Imcw Bcp Adn-bppthm Ah Ion- sIm-pw, bi-p-sImpw {_h-kw-sIm-pw, Zo]n-p-Ibpw X-]n-p-Ibpw sNp-p.

Np-tch {_-W--Xpx ]mZx

k BZn-tXy\ tPymXnjm `mXnN
X]Xn N; `mXn N X]Xn N
Ioym bikm {_-h-tk-\b
Ghw thZ.
{_- ns \mep- ]m- Z--fn Hv Np-m-Ip-p. B
]mZw BZn-Xy-\m-Ip tPymXn-p-sImv Zo]n-bpw X]nbpw sNp-p.

t{im{X-tah {_-W--Xpx ]mZx, kZn

KvZn tPym Xnjm `mXn N X]Xn N; `mXn
N ]X]n N Ioym-b-im {_-h
tk\ b Ghw thZ.
a\-m- Ip {_-ns \mep- ]m-Z-- fn Hv t{im{Xam-Ip-p. B ]mZw Znp-I-fm-Ip tPymXn-p-sImv Zo]nbpw X]n-bpw sNp-p. C{]-Imcw Bcp Adn-bppthm Ah Ion-sImpw bi-p-sImpw {_h-ckw sImpw Zo]n-bpw X]n-bpw sNp-p.
hnZym-^ew Fm-bn-Spw Xpey-am-Ip-p. AZr--^ew
{_-kw-]
- n- bm-Wv.

]sm]Xmw Jw
BZntXym {_tXym tZix
Xtkym] hymJym\wx
Ak tZth Z a{K AkoXv; XXv kZm-koXv;
XXv ka-`h
- Xv; XZmw \nc hX;
XXv kwh kcky am{Xm-a-ibX; Xn
c`n-ZyX; X BI ]mte cPXw
N kphw Nm`-h-Xmw.

BZn- Xy {_- am- Ipp Fv D]- tZ-in-p-p. B BZnXys\ D]-hym-Jym\w sNp-p. CuP-K-smw D]np ap]v Ak-p-t]mse Xs Bbn-cp-p. AXv
km-bn-op. AXp kw`-hn-p. AXv A-am-bnop. B Aw Hcp kwh--c-tm-f-ap Imew
InS-p. s]mn ap-tm-Sp-I cP-Xhpw kph-hp-am-bnXop.

XZy{Z PXw tkbw ]rYn-hn, bXv kphw

km Zux b-cmbp tX ]hXmx bZpev_w
k tatLm \olmtcm; bm [a\ bkvXm \
tZym; bZzm-kvtXb apZIw k kap{Zx
bmsXmcp I]mew cP-X-am-bn-opthm AXv Cu
]rYn-h n- b m-I p- p. bmsXmcp I]mew kphm-b nopthm AXv tZymhm-Ip-p. K`-ns pe-amb
Bh-c-W-tatXm AXp ]h-X-- em-bn- op. Dev_- sap
]d-bp K`-th--tatXm AXv taL--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb ambn- op. K`- ns tZl- n-e p Rc- p-I
GXmtWm Ah \Zn-I-fm-bn-op. K`-ns hkvXnbn-ep Pew GtXm AXv kap-{Z-am-bn-op.

AY bXv XZ PmbX tkmfkm-h m-Zn-Xy,

kvXw Pmb-am\w tLmjm Dep-Jthm
\qZ-Xn-jvT khmWn N `qXm\n kthN
Imamx, Xkvam--tkym-Zbw {]Xn {]Xym
b\w {]Xn-tLmjm Deqthm fnjvT
n khmWn `qXm\n kthN Imamx
B A-n GsXm- mtWm P\n- Xv AXv B BZnXy-\m-Ip-p. P\n-p Ahs ]nmse henb i_vZtm-Sp-Iq-Snb tLmj-fpw Fm `qX-fpw Fm Imafpw Dm\w sNbvXp. AXn-\m B BZn-Xys DZbw
\nan--ambpw Akvabw \nan--ambpw hopw hopap {]Xym-Ka
- \w \nan--ambpw Deq-e--fmb tLmjfpw Fm `qX-epw Fm Ima-fpw Am\w
sNp- p.

k b GX-tahw hnZzm-\m-ZnXyw {_t

Xyp]mkvtX f`ymtim l btZ\w km[thm
tLmjm BN-K-tbp cq]-N\n t{atU-c
\nt{a-t U-c
C{]-Imcw Adnp Cu BZn-Xys\ {_-sa-p-hv
Bcv D]m-kn-p-p-thm, Chs\ \ntm-j--fmb tLmj BK-an-bpw kpJn-n-bpw sNpw. CXv io{Lw
kw`-hn-pw.

223

I \mem-a-ymbw
Hmw Jw
hmbphpw {]mW\pw kmm {_-sa \ne-bn
D]m-ky--em-sWv hn[n- p-- Xn- \mbn D-c-{Kw Bcw`n-pp. IYmhnjb-{K-lWw Ffp--am-p--Xn\pw hnZy
\Ip--Xn\pw {Kln-p--Xn-\p-ap hn[n ImWn-p-p.
{i, A- Zm-\w, A\p--XXzw apX- em-bh IqSn hnZym-{]m]vXn-km-[-\--fm-Wv Cu Aym-b-n ]d-bp-p.

Hmw PmK-{ip-Xnl ]u{Xm-bWx {im tZ

tbm _lp-Zmbo _lp-hmIy Bk, k, l
khX Bh-m am]bmw Nt{I, k
hX Gh tafy-oXn
{i-tbm-Sp-IqSn sImSp-p- -h-\pw, hf-sc-sIm-Sp-phpw hfsc Aw ]mIw sNbvI FXv Xs Krln-ep--h\
- p-ambn ]p{Xs ]u{X-\ mb P\-{ip-X s
A]Xyw Dm-bn-cp-p. ]u{Xm-b-W-\mb Pm\-{ipXn Fmbn-Spw hmk-`-h-\
- sf Dm-n-p. Fm-bn-Spw
Fs Aw \evIpw F-bm ]d-p.

AY l lwkm \nim-bm-aXn t]Xpx

Xssh lw tkm lwk-a-`yp-hmZ
tlm tlmbn! `m! Pm\-{iptXx
]u{Xm-b-Wky kaw Znhm tPymXncm
XXw, Xm {]kmvo kvXzm
am {][m-o-cn-Xn.
An-s\-bn-cn-p-tm Hcn- cm{Xn-bn lwk cmPm- h n\p ImW- - - h w IS- p- t ]m- b n.
Atms B Iq-n Hcp lwkw asmcp lwktmSv ]d-p. Atbm `mm!, `mm!, ]u{Xm-b-W\mb Pm\-{ip-Xn-bpsS tPymXn-v, tZymhn-t\mSv Xpey-ambn
hym]vX-am-bn-cn-p-p. B tPymXn-ns\ {]k-n--cp-Xv.
B tPymXnv \ns Zln-n-pw.

Xapl ]cx {]Xyp-hmNx Iazc G\

taXXv kw k bpKzm\ anhssc
Izamt Xntbm\p IYw kbpKzm sscIz
CXn.
Ans\ ]d lwk-tmSv at lwkw adp-]Sn
]dp: FtSm Cu PmK-{ip-Xnp Fp amlm-y-ap--Xn\m-emWv iI-S-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb sscIzs\ F-t]mse \o
Cns\ ]d-bp--Xv. kmbp-Kzm-hmb sscIz Fp ]dbp-Xv Fn-s\-bp--h-\mWv Fv BZyw ]d lwkw
tNmZn-p.

bYm IrXmb hnPnXm bm[-tcbmx kwb

tyh ta\w khw X``n kta-Xn, bXv

InwN {]Pmx km[p Iph-n, bkvXtZz

Z bXv k thZ k a ssb XZp CXn.

GXp {]Im-c-amtWm NqXn \mev Aw-sImp Pbn-h-\v, AXn-\p-X m-sg-b p- -t{X-X , Zzm]-c w, Ien Fp
t]cp aqpw, cpw, Hpw A- A`-hn-pXv A{]-Imcw {]P-I Fsmw km[p-hm-bn-p-Xp
sNp-pthm AsXmw Cu sscIz-\n A`-hn-p- p.
B sscIz Fns\ Adn-bp-p-thm, AXns\ Bcp Adnbp-pthm Ah C{]-Imcw Adn-bp-p.

XZpl Pm\-{ipXnx ]u{Xm-bW D]

iq{imh; k l kwPn lm\ Gh
mc aphmN: Av Kmtc lk
bpKzm-\-anh sscIz amt-Xn, tbm\p
IYw kbpKzm sscIz CXn. bYm IrXm
b hnPn-Xm-bm-[-tcbmx kwb-ty-hta
\w khw X Z`n ktaXn bXv Inw N
{]Pmx km[p Ihn; bkvXt- ZzZ bXv
k thZ, k a ssbX-Zp CXn.
B lwk--fpsS hN-\s ]u{XmbW\mb Pm\{ipXn D]-{i-hnp. Ah ib-\s hnSp Ah-k-c-XXns m-hn-t\mSv ]d-p. FtSm hm, kbpizm-hmb sscIy-s\-tmse ]d-bp-pthm A-n kbpizm-hmb sscIz-t\mSp ]d-bpI Fv ]d-bp-p. kbp-izmhmb sscIz Fp ]d-bp B Fn- s\-bp- - h\mWv?
mhp tNmZn-p. F{]-Imcw IrX-sap ]d-bp Bbw
sImp t\Sn-b-h\v Xmsg-bp t{XX, Zzm]cw Ien Fo
Bb- A`-hn-p--Xp-t]mse F{]-Im-cw, {]P-I
Fsmw sNptm AsXmw Cu sscIzs\ A`n-kw-Kan-p- p. Ah Fp Adn- bp- p-thm, AXns\ BcmtWm
a\-n-em-p-Xv Ah\pw C{]-Imcw ]d-bp-p. P\-{ipXn
]d-p.

k l m f\znjy, \mhn-Z-anXn {]
tXybmb; Xwtlm hmN: b{Xmtc!
{_m-Wk
- ym-t\z-jWm X tZ\ at-Xn.
B mhv At\z-jn-nv Rm Adn-n Fpw
]dv Xncn-p-h-p. Ah-t\mSp cmPmhv ]dp: FtSm
{_m-W s At\z-j Ww Fhn-s S-b mtWm AhnsS
sscIzs\ At\z-jn-q.

tkm f[kvXm ISky ]mam\w Ij-amW

apt]m ]hn-th-i, \ lm`yp-hmZx Xzw
\p `Khx kbp-kzm-sscIz CXn Alw
lycm3 CXn l {]Xn Pt, kl
m fhnZ-anXn {]tXy-bmb

224

Ah iI-S-ns ASn-bn ]mam-hns\ sNmdn-psIm-n-cn- p Hcp- hs ASp- sNn- cp-p. B sscIzt\mSv ]d- p. `K- h m-t\, kzbp-i zm- h mb sscIz
AmtWm Rm Xs- bmWv Fv sscIz ]d-p. B
mhv Rm sscIzs\ Adnp Fp ]dp {]XymK-an-p.

cmw Jw
XZpl Pm\-{ipXnx ]u{Xm-bWx jSv
iXm\n Khmw, \njvI, aiz-X-co-cYw
X Zm Zmb {]Xn-N{- Ita
]u{Xm-b-W-\mb Pm\-{ipXn Adp-\qdp ]ip-tf Igpn-en-Sp lmc-t-bpw, s]tIm-h Igp-X-I henp Hcp cY-t-bpw, FSp-p-sImv sscIzs ASp-tep sNp.

Xw lm`yp-hmZ: ssctIz-am-\n-jSv
iXm\n Khm, abw \njvtImfb aiz
Xco-ctYm f\pa GXmw `Kthm tZ
hXmw im[n, bmw tZhXm ap]m CXn.

Xkym l apJ apt]mZv KrlvWp hmN:-

BP-lm-tcamx iq{Zm t\ ss\h aptJ\m
ffem]-bn-jyYm CXn tX ssltX ssc
Iz ]m \ma alm-hr-tjjp b{Xmkvam
Dhmk Xkvssa tlmhmN

B cmP-]p-{Xn-sb-X- s, hnZym-Zm-\-n-\p Zzmc-sav

Adn-p-sImv sscIz ]d-p. Atbm iq{Zm, Cu
]ip--tfbpw apw \o sImp- h-tm \m-bn. Cu apJwsIm-p-Xs Fs-smp \o ]d-bn-p-p. An-s\bp Cu {Kma-, alm-hr-- Fp ]d- bp tZi sscIz-h- Fp {]kn- - - fm- Ip-p. B {Kma-fn sscIz hkn-n-cp-p. B {Kma- sscIz\v
cmPmhp sImSp-- Xm-Wv. Cs\ [\w sImSp cmPm- hn\v
sscIz hnZysb ]dp-sIm-Sp-p.

aqmw Jw
hmbphmh kwhx bZm hm An-cp-Zzm-bXn
hmbp-tahm t]yXn; bZm kqtm fkvXta-Xn,
hmbp-tahm t]yXn; bZm Nt{m fkvXta-Xn,
hmbp-tahm t]yXn

sscIz-t\mSp ]dp: Atbm sscIz CXm Adp-\q-dp]-ip- ; CXm I-lm-cw, CXm Aiz- sf ]qnb cYw.
_mly-amb hmbp kw{K-l-W-kz-`m-ha
- p--Xm-Ip-p.
A-tbm, `K-hmt\ Av GXv tZh- Xtb D]m-kn- p-pthm An Ftm DZzm- ks {]m]n- p- pthm Atm hmbpCu tZh-Xsb F\nv ]d-p-X-cq.
hns kz`mhw {]m]n-p-p. kqcy Ftm AkvX-anp-pthm Atm hmbp-hnXs ebn-p-p. N{
Xapl ]cx {]Xyp-hm-Nml ltcXzm
Ftm AkvX-an-p-pthm Atm hmbp-hns
iq{Z, Xsshh kl tKm`n-ck
- vXznXn;
ebn- p-p.

XZpl ]p\-tch Pm\-{ipXnx ]u{Xm

bWx kl{kw Khmw, \njvI, aiz-Xcn
cYw, Zpln-Xc
- w, XZm-Zmb {]Xn-N{- Ita

bZmf] DNviq-jyn hmbp-ta-hm]n

bn; hmbptly ssh Xm khm
kw]rvt CXym-[n-ssZ-hXw

Pm\-{i-Xn-tbmSv sscIz Dcw ]d-p. FSm iq{ZAp-I Ftm hp- pthm Atm hmbplm- c-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb iInSn ]ip- -tfm-Sp-IqsS \n\-p- Xs
hns ebn-p-p. hmbp An apX-em-bh
- sb
Ccn--s. AXn-\p-tijw hopw ]u{Xm-b-W\
- mb Pm\Fmw kw{K-kn-p-p. Cs\ tZh-X-I-fn-ep kwh{ipXn Bbncw ]ip--tfbpw IWvT-lm-c-tbpw Aiz-XZi\w Dm-Ip-p.
co-c-Yt- bpw Xs ]p{Xn-tbbpw Iqn, A[-\h
- p-ambn
sscIys ASp--tep sNp.
AYm-[ymw: {]mtWm hmh kwhx

Xw lm`yp-hmZ: ssctIzZw kl{kw

Khm, abw \njvtIm fba izX-co-cY
- ,
Cbw, Pmbm fbw {Kmtam bkvan-mtf
t\zham `Khx im[oXn
sscIz-t\mSv ]dp Atbm sscIzm, CXm Bbncw
]ip-, CXm IWvT-lm-cw, CXm Aiz-X-co-c-Yw, CXm
Atp `mcy, CXm Av Ccn-p {Kmaw. Atbm
`K-hm-t\, Fs A\p-im-kn--tW.

k bZm kz]nXn {]mW-tah hmK-t]yXn;

{]mWw Npx {]mWw t{im{Xw, {]mWw
a\x, {]mtWm tlyssh Xm khm
kw hrv CXn.
C\n B-hn-j-b-I-amb kwh-Zi\w ]d-bp-hm
t]mIp-p. apJy-{]m-W kwh-am-Ip- p. ]pcp-j
Ftm Dd-p-pthm Atm hmv{Znbw {]mW-\n
ebn-p-p. {]mW hmKm-Zn-Isf Fmw kw{K-kn-p-p.

225

Xu hm GXu Zzu kwhu hmbp

Xkvam D l `Zpx tXhm GtX ]

tch tZth-jp, {]mWx {]mtW-jvT.

mt\y, ]m-t\y, Zi-k--kvXXv

IrXw `h-Xn, XkvamXv khmkp Zn
z-tah Zi IrXw, sskjm hn

An- s\-bp-h Ch cpw Xs-bm-Wv. P\-Kp-W-aph tZh-m-cn hmbp- X-s, hmKm- Zn-I- fmb {]mW-- fn
apJy {]mW-\m-Ip-p.

AY l iu\Iw N Imt]-b, a`n

{]Xm-coWw N Imtk \nw ]cn
hnjy-amWu {_-Nmco _n`nt;

cmk-m-Zo, XtbZw khw Zrw, kh

atkyZw Zrw `h-Xy-mtZm `hXn
b Ghw thZb Ghw thZ.

B {_-Nm-cnv `rXy-m `n-sIm-Sp-p. A-s\bp Cu Av thsd, Av thsd BsI ]m-bnv

Xkvam Dl\ ZZ-Xpw.
app ]d IrX- am-hp-p. AXn-\m Fm Znp-I-fnepw
C\n Hcp sFXn-ly-ap-Xp ]d-bmw. ]cn-th-jWw sNIrX-amb AymZn ZiIw A-am-Ip-p. A-s\-bp
s- Sp-- h-cmb I]n- tKm-{X-P-X-\mb ip\- I-]p- {X-t\mSpw ICu hncmZv Am-Zn-\n-bm-Ip-p. B hncm-n-\m Cu PKtk-\s A]-Xy-amb A`n-{]-Xm-cn-tbmSpw Hcp {_-Nm-cnsmw ImWp-p. C{]-Imcw Bcp Adn-bp-tm, Ah\v
`n tNmZnp Ah-v `n sImSp-n-.
Cu PK-smw Zr-am-bn-o-cp-p. Ah Am-Z-\mbn
ktlm-hmN: alm \ Xptcm tZh
Xocp- p.

GIx Ix k PKmc `qh-\ky tKm]mx

Xw Imt] b \m`n ]iyn aym A
`n{]-Xm-cn _lp[m hkw; b
kvssa hm GX-Z-w, Xkvam G XZ-an-Xn.

\memw Jw
kXy Imtaml Pm_m-tem, P_memw
amXc ama-{bmw Nt{I: {_-Ncyw
`h-Xn, hnh-ym-an, Inw tKmt{Xm \z

B {_-Nmcn ]dp: \mep alm-m-sf `qh-\ns cn-Xm-hmb B {]Pm-]-Xn-bm-Ip Hcp tZh

lakvan? CXn.
{Kkn-p. Atbm Imt]-bm, A`n-{]m-Xm-cn, ]e {]Im-cPm_m-e-bpsS ]p{X-\mb kXy-Im-a-s\ Hcp-h Xs
n hknp B {]Pm-]-Xnsb aym-m Adn-bpn- . Cu Aw Bm- bn-p--XmtWm Ah\v sImSp- p- amXm-hmb Pm_m-e-tbmSv bm{X ]d-p. Atbm `hXn
Rm {_-Ncyw BN-cn-p-hm t]mIp-p. Rm GXp
n-.
tKm{X-m-c-\m-sWp ]d-m-epw.

XZpl iu\Ix Iwt]bx {]Xn-a\zm

\x {]tXy-bmb; Bm-tZ-hm\mw

P\nXm {]Pm\mw lnc-Wy-Zwm

_`tkm f\kp-cn lm-a-ky-aln
am\-amlpx, A\-Zy-amt\m bZ-\-a
oXn sshhbw {_-Nm-cn-t-Z.
ap]m-kva-tl, Zm- kvssa-`n-m-anXn
B {_-Nm-cn-bpsS hN\w Btem-Nn-p-sImv Imt]b- \mb iu\- I {_-Nm- cn-bpsS ASp- hp ]dp:
Ah mh-c-Pw-K-a--fpsS Bmhpw Aym-Zn-I-fptSbpw {]P-I-fp-tSbpw P\-bn-Xm-hpw, Hcn-epw \in-m
Zw-It- fmSp IqSn-b-h-\pw, `-W-io-e\pw ta[mhn Bbnp--h\pw BIp-p. Xm A\y-cm `n--s-SmsX
A-a-m An-hmv apX- em-bX
- ns\ A`n-h-Zn-pp
Fp--Xn-\m, Ahs aln-am-hns\ al-sp ]d-bpp. Atbm {_-Nm- cn \mw ta-d ey- - tfmSp
IqSnb {_s Fm-bn- Spw D]m-kn-p-p. Cu {_Nm-cnv `n sImSp-q.

km ssl\-ap-hmN: \ml-ta-XZv thZ

XmX, bZv tKm{XkvXz-akn;_lzlw
]cn-Nc
- n ]cn-Nm-cnWo buht\
Xzmae t`m km flta X-th-Z-bZv
tKm{X kvXzakn; P_mem Xp \mam l
akvan, kXy-Imtam \ma Xzakn; k
kXy Ima Gh Pm_mtem {_phoYmx
CXn
B P_me kXy-Im-a-t\mSv ]d-p: FtSm, \o GXp
tKm{X- m- c- \m- W-p- Xv F\n--dnp IqSm, Rm hfsc
]cn- N - c n- p- s Imv ]cn- W - i n-e - b m- b n- c p- p. bu- \ ns \ns e`n-p. A-s\-bp F\np \o
GXp tKm{X-n-ep--h-\m-sWv Adn-bm km[y-an-.
Fm Rm P_me Fp t]cp--h- fm-Ip-p. \o kXyIm-a Fp t]cp--h-\m-Ip-p. A-s\-bp \o P_me-bpsS ]p{X-\mb kXy-Im-a-\m-Wp BNm-cy-t\mSp ]db-W w.

226

k l lmcn-{Zp-aXw KuX-a-ta-tXym-hmN:
{_-Ncyw `K-hXn hym-ayp-t]bw `hX
an-Xn.
B kXy-Im- a lcn-{Zp- hs ]p{X-\mb KuX-as ASpp-sNp ]dp: `K-hmt\ A-bpsS ASp- {_N-cy-ambn hkn--W-sap Rm\m-{K-ln-p-p. `K-hms\
injy-s\-p \ne-bn F\nv D]-K-an--Ww.

Xw tlm hmN: Inw tKm{Xm\p tkymaym

koXn; k tlmhmN: \m lta-XZv
thZ t`m bZv tKmt{Xm fl akvan, A]r
w amX-cw, kmam {]Xy-{_-hoXv {_
lzlw Nco ]cn-Nm-cnWo buht\
Xzm aet`; km flta X thZ bZv
tKm{X kvXzakn; Pq_me Xp \maml
akvan, kXy-Imtam \ma Xza-ko-Xn, tkm
flw kXy Imtam Pm_mtem fkvant`mx
CXn.
B kXy-Im-a-t\mSv BNm-cy tNmZnp: Atbm kuaym, \o GXp tKm{X- m-c-\mWv? kXy-Im- a ]d- p. Rm
GXp tKm{X- m-c-\m- sWv F\n- - dn-p- Iq-Sm. Rm AtbmSp tNmZn-p. A ]dp: Rm hfsc ]cn-N-cn-psImv ]cn-N-c-W- io- e-bm-bn-cp-p. buh-\-n \ns e`np. As\bp Rm \o GXp tKm{X- m-c-\m-sWv
Adn-bp-Ib
- n-. Fm Rm Pm_me Fp t]cp--hfm-W.v \o kXy-hm Fp t]cp--h-\p-am-Ip-p. Atbm
`K-hm, A-s\-bp Rm Pm_m-e-bpsS ]p{X\mb
kXy-Im-a-\m-Ip-p.

Xw tlmhmN: ss\XZ {_mtWm hn

thp al-Xn, kan[w tkmaym fflc,
D]Xzm t\tjy, \ kXym-ZKmx CXn.
Xap-]-\ob Irim\m a _em\w NXpxi
Xm Km \ncm-IrtXym hm tNamx tkm
aym\p kw{h-tPXn Xm A`n-{]-m-]b
p hmNm \mk-lt{kWm ffht-tbXn
k l hj KWw t{]mhm-k, XmbZm
kl{kw kw t] Zpx
B kXy-Im-a-t\mSv KuX-a ]dp: Cu hN-\s
{_m-W -\
- m--h ]d-bp-hm \ymb-an-. Atbm
kuaym, Na-X-sImp hcq. \ns Rm D]-\-bn-mw.
kXy-n \nv \o sXn-bn-n-. Ahs\ D]-\-bn-nv Irifpw A_-e-I-fpamb \m\qdp ]ip-sf ]ip-q--n
\np thXn-cn-p-\nn- bnv ]dp: Atbm kuay Cu
tKmsf A\p-K-an-pI. B tKmsf Imn-tep bm{X-

bm-n-sImp kXy-Im-a ]dp: Bbncw XnI-bmsX

Rm Xncnp hcn- I-bn-. B kXy-Im-a hfsc hj-
Ign-bp--Xp-hsc Kpcp kn-[n-bn hcmsX Imn Xs
Ign-p. Atm B ]ip- Bbn-c-am-bn-op.

Amw Jw
AY ssl\ arjt`m f`yphmZ kXyIm
a3 CXn, `Kh CXnl {]Xnip
{imh; {]m]vXmx tkmay, kl{kw
kvax {]m]b \ BNm-cy-Ipew
]ns kXy-Im-as\ Hcp Imf hnfn-p. kXy-Ima `Khms\ kXy-Im-a hnfn tIp. Atbm kuaym, R
Bbncw F kwJy {]m]n-n-cn-p-p. Rsf BNm-cyIp-e-n sImp sNp hnSq.

{_-W tX ]mZw {_hm-WoXn;

{_ho-Xpta `K-h-m\n-Xn, Xkvssatlm
hmN: {]mNn ZnIvIem, {]XoNo
Zn-em, Zn-Wm-ZnIv ItemZo
NoZnIv Iem, Gjssh tkmay,
NXp-jvIex ]mtZm {_Wx {]Imihm \ma.
\n\v {_-ns \men-sem-cp `mKw ]d-p-X-c-t.
B Ej`w XpSp tNmZn-p. `K-h F\np ]dp
Xmepw kXy-Im-a ]d-p. Ah ]dp: Ingt
Znv {_-sa ]mZ-ns \men-sem-m-Ip-p. ]Snmsd Znv Hcp Ie-bm-Ip-p. sXt Znv Hcp Ie-bmIp-p. hSt Znv Hcp Ie-bm-Ip-p. Atbm kuaym,
\mep Ie-I-tfmSp IqSn-b, {_-ns Cu ]mZw {]Im-ihm Fp t]cp--Xm-Ip-p.

k b GX-tZhw hnZzmw--Xp-jvIew ]mZw

{_Wx {]Im-i-hm-\nXyp ]mkvtX, {]
Imi-hm-\-kvan temtI `h-Xn, {]Im
ihtXm l temIm-RvP-b-Xn, b GX
tahw hnZzm--Xp-jvIew ]mZw {_Wx
{]Imi hm\n-X yp-]mkvtX
Cs\ Adn-p-sImv Cu \mep-I-e-I-tfmSp IqSnb
{_-ns ]mZw {]Im-i-hm F KpW-tm-Sp-IqSn
Bcv D]m-kn-p-p-thm, Ah Cu temI-n {]hn-JymX-\m-bn-o-cpw. C{]-Im-c-a-dn-p-sImv \mep Ie-I-tfm-SpIq-Snb Cu {_-ns ]mZs {]Imi-hm Fphv
Bcv D]m-kn-p-p-thm, Ah {]Im-i-ap temI-
{]m]n-pw.

227

I Bdmw Jw
Ant ]mZw htXn k l tizm
`qtX Km A `n{]-m-hbmw NImc;
Xm b{Xm Znkmbw _`qhp kvX{Xm-Km\n
ap]-kam[mb Km D]-cp[y kao-[-am-\mb
]m-Ztx {]mp-t]m-]-hn-th-i.
An \n\v {_-ns Hcp ]mZw ]d-p-Xcpw
Fp ]dv Ej`w \ndp-n. kXy-Im-a ]nt Znhkw
]ip--sf-sImv BNm-cy-Ip-e-n-tep Xncn-p. B ]ip ky-bm-b-tm GXp tZip sNp-thm, AhnsS
Xo Iqn, ]ip-sf Fmw XSpp \nn, kan-Zm-[\w
sNbvXv An-bpsS ]nd-In Ing-tmp apJ-ambn Ccp-p.

Xan c`yp-hmZ kXy-Ima3 CXn

`Kh CXn l {]Xn ip{imh
kXy-Im-a-t\mSv An kXy-Imam Fp hnfn-p. `Khmt\ kXy-Ima hnfn-tI-p.

{_Wx tkmay, tX ]mZw {_hm-WoXn;

{_ho-Xpta `K-hm-\n-Xn, Xkvssa tlmhm
N:]r-Ynho Iem--cow Iem, Zyux
Iem kap{Zx Iem, Gj ssh tkmay,
NXp-jvIex ]mtZm {_tWm fhm \ma-3
Atbm kuaym, \n\v {_-ns ]mZs Rm
]d-p-X-cs An ]d-p. `K-h F\np ]d-p-Xmepw Fv kXy-Im-a Dcw ]d-p. Ah\v An-]d-p-sIm-Sp-p. ]rYnhn Hcp Ie-bm-Ip-p. Acow
Hcp Ie-bm-Ip-p. tZymhv Hcp Ie-bm-Ip-p. kap{Zw Hcp
Ie-bm-Ip-p. Atbm kuaym, \mep Ie-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb
{_-ns Cu ]mZw A\--hm Fp t]cp-X
- mIp-p.

k b GX-tahw hnZzmw--Xp-jvIew ]mZw

{_tWm f\-hm-\n-Xyp-]mkvtX f\
hm\-kvan temtI `hXy \-htXm
ltem Im Pb-Xnb GX-tahw
hnZzmw--Xp-jvIew ]mZw {_tWm
f\-hm- \n-X yp-] m- kvtX.
C{]-Imcw Adnv \mep-I-e-I-tfmSp IqSnb Cu {_]m-Z-ns A\-Xzw F Kpa-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xmbn Bcv
D]m-kn-p-p-thm Ah Cu temI-n km-\-hn-tZ-an-m--h\
- m-bn-o-cpw. C{]-Im-c-a-dn-p-sImv \mep-Ie- I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu {_- ns ]mZw A\- - hm Fp
Nnnv Bcp D]m-kn-p-pthm Ah b-an-m
temI- {]m]n-pw.

Ggmw Jw

lwkkvtX ]mZw htXn k l tiz`q

tX Km A`n-{]-m-]bmw NImc; Xm
b{XmZn kmbw _`q-hr, kvX{Xmn ap] k
am[m-bKm D]-cp[y kan-[-am-[mb ]
mZtx {]mp-t]m] hnthi
lwkw \n\v Hcp ]mZs ]d-p-X-cpw. Fp
]dp An hnc-an-p. Ah ]nt Znh-k- am-b- tm ]ipsf bm{X-bm-n. B ]ip- ky-bm-b-tm GXp
e-mtbm AhnsS Xo Iqn ]ip-sf XSp-p- \nn.
kan-Zm-[m\w sNbvXv An-bpsS ]Sn- m- dp-hiw Ing-tmv
apJ-ambn ASp- Ccp-p.

Xw lwk D]-\n-]-Xym-`yp-hmZ: kXy

Ima3 CXn `Kh CXn l {]Xn
ip{im-h .
lwkw ASp- hv Ahs\ hnfnp:- kXy-Imam
Fp hnfn-p. `K-hmt\ kXy-Im-a hnfn-tI-p.

{_Wx tkmay! tX ]mZw {_hmWo

Xn; {_ho-Xpta `K-hm-\nXn; Xkvssa
tlmhmN: Anx Iem, kqx Iem
N{x Iem hnZyp-XvIem; Gj ssh
tkmay, NXp-jvIex ]mtZm {_tWm
tPymXn-jvam \ma.
Atbm kuaym, \n\p {_- ns ]mZs Rm
]dp Xc- s. Fp lwkw tNmZn-p. `K-hm F\np
]dp Xmepw Fp kXy-Im-a Dcw ]d-p.
Ah\p lwkw ]dp sImSp-p. An Hcp Ie-bm-Ipp. kqcy Hcp Ie-bm-Ip-p. N{ Hcp Ie-bm-Ip-p.
hnZypv Hcp Ie-bm-Ip-p. kuaym, Cu \mep-I-e-It- fmSp
IqSnb {_-ns ]mZw tPymXn-jvam Fp t]cp-Xm-Ip-p.

k b Ghw hnZzmw--Xp-jvIew ]mZw

{_tWm tPymXn-jvam-\ n-Xyp-]mkvtX
tPymXn-jvam-\-kvan temtI `hXn
tPymXnjvatXm l temIm PbXn b
GX-tahw hnZzmw--Xp-jvIew ]mZw
{_tWm tPymXn-jvam-\ n-Xyp-]mkvtX
Cns\ Adnv Cu \mep-I-e-I-tfmSp IqSnb {_ns ]mZw tPymXn-jvam Fp-hv Bcv D]m-kn-ppthm Ah Cu temI-n Zo]vXnbph-\m-bn-ocpw. CXv Adnv Cu \mep Ie-Isf tPymXn-ja
v m Fphv Bcp-]m-kn-p-pthm Ah tPymXn-p temI {]m]n-pw.

228

I Fmw Jw
aZv Kpt ]mZw htXn; kl
tizm`qtX Km A`n-{]-m-]bmw
NIm-c, Xm b{Xm`n kmbw _`qhp
kvX{Xmn ap]-k-am-[mb Km D]-cp[ym;
kan-[-am-[mb, ]m-Ztx {]mp
t]m]-hn-th-i .
ImcWw \n\v {_-ns Hcp ]mZs ]d-pXcpw Fp ]d-p-sImv lwkw hnc-an-p. Ah
]ntp ]ip--fp-ambn \S-p. B ]ip- ky-bm-btm FhnStbm AhnsS Xo Iqn ]ip-sf XSpv Hcpan-m-n. kan-Zm-[m\w sNbvXv An-bpsS ]Sn-m-dp-`mKv Ing-tm-p-ap-J-ambn Ccp-p.

Xw aZv Kpcp ]\n-]-Xym-`yp-hmZ kXy

Ima3 CXn `Kh CXn.
\otmgn (Im- c- Ww) ASp- hv kXy- Im- a- t\m-Smbn
"kXy-Im-ammm' Fp hnfn-p. "`K-hmt\' Fv Ah hnfntI-p.

{_Wx tkmay, tX ]mZw {_hm

WoXn, {_ho-Xpta `K-h-\n-Xn, Xkvssa
tlmhmN: {]mWx Iem N{ipx Iem,
t{im{Xw Iem a\x Iem, Gj ssh
tkmay NXp-jvIex ]mtZm {_W
Bb X\-hm \ma.
Atbm tkmay \n\p Rm {_- ns Hcp ]mZw
]d-p-X-c-ttbm Imc-Ww tNmZn-p. `K-hm F\np ]dp-X-mepw. kXy-Im-a Dcw ]d-p. Ah-t\mSp
ImcWw ]d-p. {]mW Hcp Ie-bm-Ip-p. Npv Hcp
Ie-bm-Ip-p. t{im{Xw Hcp Ie-bm-Ip-p. a\v Hcp Iebm-Ip-p. Atbm tkmaym, \mep Ie-J-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu
{_-ns ]mZw Bb X\- hm Fp t]cp-- Xm- Ip-p.

k b GX-tahw hnZzmw--Xp-jvIew ]mZw

{_W Bb X\-hm\n Xyp]mkvtX Bb
X\-hm-\-kvan temtI `hXn; Bb
X\-htXm ltem-Im- Pb-Xn, b GX
tahw hZzmw Xp-jvIew ]mZw {_
W Bb X\ hm\n-Xyp-]m-kvtX.

Cns\ a\-n-emn \mep Ie-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu

{_- ]mZw Bb X\- hm Fp- hv Bcv D]m- kn- p- pthm
Ah Cu temI-n Bb-X-\-ap-h
- \
- m-bn-o-cp-p.
C{]-Im-c-a-dnv \mep-I-e-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu {_-ns
]mZs Bb-X-\-hm Fphv B D]m-kn-p-pthm
Ah [mcmfw CS-ap temI-sf {]m]n-p-p.

H]Xmw Jw

{]mhlm ffNm-Ipew Xam-Nmtm f`yphm

Z; kXy-Imam3 CXn `Kh CXnl
{]Xn-ip-{imh
kXy-Im-a {_-hn-m\w t\Sn BNm-cy-Ip-es
{]m]n-p. BNm-cy kXy-Im-ammm Fp hnfn-p. `K-hmt\
Fp kXy-Im-a hnfn-tI-p.

{_ hnZnh tkmay `mkn, tIm\p Xzm f\p

iim-tk-Xn, At\y a\p-tjy`y CXn l
{]Xn-Pt; `Khmw kvtXhta Imta
{_pbm.
Atbm kuaym, \o {_-hn-n-s\-tmse tim`n-pp. \ns BcmWv A\p-im-kn--Xv. BNm-cy tNmZnp:
a\p-jy-cn \nv A\y-cm-bn-p--h-cm-W.v kXy-Im-a {]Xn-sN-bvXp. `K-hm Xs F\nv C-bp-Xv Ctm
]d-p-X-c-Ww.

{ipXw tlyhta `K-hZv Zrti`y B

Nmm-ssh hnZym hnZnXm km[nw
{]m]Xo Xn. Xkvssa-sslX tZthm
hmNm{X l\ InwN\ hnbm tbXn, ]nbm-tb-Xn.
`K-hm-s\-tm-ep Bfp-If
- n \nv Rm tIn-pv;
hnZy BNm-cy-\n\nv Xs Adn-b-s-mse km[p-X-aXzs {]m]n- -bp-p. kXy-Im- a\v tZh-X-I ]d-p-sImSp hnZy-sb-s BNm-cy ]dp sImSp-p.
bmsXmpw hnp-t]m-bn-.

]mw Jw
D]-tIm-ktem lssh Ima-em-b\x kXy
Imta Pm_mte {_-N-ap-hmk; Xky
l ZzmZ-i-hjm-Wy-o ]cn-NN
- mc; k
lkvam-\y-\t hmkn\x kam-hbw
kvXnwl ssh\ kam-h-b-Xn.
Ia-es ]p{X-\mb D]-tIm-k-e P_m-eb
- psS ]p{X\mb kXy-Im-as ASp- {_-N-cy-tmsS ]mp.
]{- p-hjw Ahs An-Isf ]cn-N-cn-p. Ah apin-jy-msc kzm[ymbw {Kln-p-Xn-cn--b-npw D]-tIm-kes\ kam-hn- n-n-.

Xw Ptbm hmNm: X]vtXm {_-Nmcn

Ipi-ea
- -n ]cn-Nm-co amXzmf
bx ]cn-t{]m-N; {]{_q-lykvam CXn
Xkvssalm t{]m ssNyh {]hmkmw Nt{I.

229

B BNm-cy-t\mSv `mcy ]d-p. Cu {_-Nmcn hfsc

tinv th-hn-[-n An-Isf ]cn-N-cn-p. Av
An-Isf \nn--cp-Xv. Cu {_-Nm-cnv hnZy ]dp
sImSp-q. Fv `mcy ]d-npw BNm-cy B injy\v
Hpw ]d-p-sIm-Sp-msX Xom-S-\-n\p t]mbn.

k l hym[n\m \inXpw Zt{[; Xam-Nm

Pmtbm hmN: {_ Nmcn-m-im-\, Inw
\p \miv\m-koXn ktlm-hmN _lp
h Cta fkvan ]pcp-tj-Im-am-\m-\mXy
bmx hym[n`nx {]Xn-]qtm-kvan, \m
injyman CXn.
B {_-Nmcn at\mZpxJw \nanw A\-i\w A\pjvTn-p--Xn\v \n-bn-p. Ah-t\mSv BNm-cys `mcy
]dp: Atbm {_-N m-c o, `Ww Ign-q. \o
FmWv `Ww Ign-m-Xv? AXn\v B {_- Nmcn ]dp. Cu ]pcp-j-\n C-I hf-sc-b-[nIw Dv. AXv
]e hgnp ISp-t]m-hp hym[n-I-fm-bn-on-cn-pp. hym[n-I-fm Rm {]Xn-]q-\m-bn-cn-p-p. Rm
`Ww Ign--bn-.

AY ^m bx kap-Zntc: X]vtXm {_
Nmcn Ipiew \x ]-Nm-co-Xv, lmkvssa
{]{_-hm-taXn, Xkvssa tlmNpx: {]mtWm
{_Iw Jw{_ CXn.
An-I Hcp-anp tNp Ah-t\mSp ]dp: {_Nmcn X]vX-\m-bnv \sf th-hn-[-n ]cn-N-cn-p.
Ctm Ah\v \mw thXp ]d-p-sIm-Sp--Ww. B
{_- Nm-cnv An-I ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p. {]mW {_am-Ip-p. Iw{_--am-Ip-p. Jw {_-am-Ip-p.

k tlm hmN: hnPm-\m-aylw bXv

{]mtWm {_, Iw, NXpJw N\ hn
Pm\m-ao-Xn, tXtlmNpx: bZzm-h-Iw,
XtZh Jw btZ-h-Iw, XtZ-h-I-an-Xn,
{]mWw N lmkvssa XZm-Imiw tNmNpx
D]-tIm-k-e ]dp {]mW {_-am-Ipp FXv
GXmtWm AXp Rm Adn-bp-p. Fm I tbpw
J tbpw Rm Adn-bp-n-. An-I ]dp Iw
Fp ]d-Xv GtXm AXv Xs Jw Fp ]d-bp-p.
Jw GXmtWm AXp-Xs Iw Fp ]d-bp-p. Chv
{]mW-t\-bpw, {]mWs lrZ-bm-Im-i-tbpw ]dp
sImSp-p.

]Xn- s \mmw Jw

AY ssl\w Kml-]tXym f\piim

k: ]rYnhy n c amZnXy CXn; b

Gj BZntXy ]pcptjm Zriy-tX,

tkm flakvXn k Ghm l akvan; CXn

]ns Cu D]-tIm-k-es\ Kml-]Xy An A\p-imkn-p. ]rYn-hn, An, Aw BZn-Xy Fnh Fs

X\p--fm-Ip-p. BZn-Xy-\n GXp ]pcp-js\ BtWm
ImWp-Xv B ]pcp-j Rm BIp-p. Rm Ah
Xs-bm-Ip-p.

k b GX-tahw hnZzm-\p-]mkvtX f]l

tX ]mh-IrXymw temIo `h-Xn, kh
ambp-tc-Xn, tPymKv Poh-Xn, \mkym-hc
]pcp-jmx obt; D] hbw Xw `q
RvPmtam fkvanw temtI apjvanw b
GXta hw hnZzm-\p-]m-kvtX.
Cu Kml-]-Xym- nsb Bcp D]m-kn-p- pthm Ah
]m]-I-- \in-n-p- p. temI-ap- -h- \m-bn-o-cp- p.
apgp-h Bbp-nt\ {]m]n-p- p. DPz-e-ambn Pohn-p-p.
Chs ]nm-e-ap- -h bn- -b n- . Cu temInepw ]c-tem-I-nepw Ahs\ R ]men-p-p.
C{]-Imcw Adn-p-sImv Cu Kml-]-Xym-nsb Bcp
D]m-kn-p-pthm Ah\v Cu ^ew knn-pw.

]{mw Jw
AY ssl\-a-\zm-lmcy NNt\m f\pi-imk:
Bt]m-Zntim \-{Xm-Wn, N{am CXn;
b Gj N{-akn ]pcptjm ZriytX tkm
la-kvan, k Ghm la-kvaoXn
A\-cw Chs\ Zn- Wmn A\p-im-kn-p. Ap-I,
Znp-I, \-{X-, N{ Fn-s\ F\np \mep
ico-c- Dv. N{- a- n GXp ]pcp- j- s\- bmtWm ImWpXv Ah Rm\m-Ip-p. Rm Ah Xs- bm-Ip-p.

k b Gh-taXw hnZzm-\p-]kvtX f]ltX

]m]-Ir-Xymw, temIo-`-h-Xn, kh-am-bp-tc-Xn,
tPymKvPo-hXn; \mkym-h-c-]p-cpjmx o
bt; D]-hbw Xw `qPmtam/kvanw
temtI/ apjvanw b GX-tahw hnZzm
\phmkvtX
(C-Xns hymJym\w ]Xn-s\mmw J-ns Ahkm-\-n- ep--Xp-X-s- bm-W.v )

]Xn-aqmw Jw
AY ssl\ aml-h-\o-tbm-f\p-i-imk:
{]mW BImtim Zyuhn-Zyp-ZnXn; b

230

Gj hnZypXn ]pcptjm ZriytX tkm

flakvan; k Ghml akvaoXn
A\-cw Al-h -\ o-b Ahs\ A\p-im-k np:
{]mW, BIm-iw, tZymhv, hnZypv Fn-s\ \mep X\p F\npv. hnZyp-n GXp ]pcp-j ImW-sSptm B ]pcp-j Rm\m-Ip-p.

k b GX-tahw hnZzm\p ]mkvtX f]ltX

]m]-IrXymw temIo-`-hXn kh-am-bp-tc-Xn,
tPymKv PohXn; \mkym-h-c-]p-cpjmx ob
t, D]-hbw `qRvPmtam fkva nw
temtI/ apjvanw b GX-tahw hnZzm
\p]kvtX
(C-Xns hymJym-\hpw ]Xn-s\mmw J-ns
Ah-km- \-n-ep--Xm-W.v )

]Xn- memw Jw
tX tlm Npcp] tImk-sse-jm-skuaytX
kvaZzn-Zymff--hn-ZymNm ffNm
kvXptX KXnwh
tXn BP-Km-alm ffNmcy-kvXa
- m-Nmtm
fZyphm-tZm-]tIm ke3 CXn.
B An-I ]dp: Atbm kuay-\mb D]-tImke CXm \n\v R-fpsS hnZybpw A-hn-Zybpw ]dp-X-n-cn-p-p. BNmcy-\m-Is \n\p KXnsb ]dp-X-cpw. Chs BNm-cy hp. Ahs\ BNm-cy
D]-tIm-kew Fp hnfn-p.

`Kh CXn-l. {]Xn-iq-{imh {_-hnZ

Ch-tkym-ay, tX apJw-`mXn; tIm\p-Xzmf\p
iimk CXn. tIm\p-am-a-\p-in-jymZvt`m
CXn-lm-t]h \np-tX. Cta \q\-an-Zrim
A\ym-Zrim CXn-lm-o-\-`yptZ Inw\p
tkmay InetX fthmN Xn.

CZ-anXn l {]Xn-Pt temIm hmh-Ine

tkmaytX fthmN; Alw Xp tXX-Zzm-yman
bYm ]pjvIc]emi Bt]m-\-n-jy Gh
tahw hnZn ]m]w I-\-n-jytX CXn
{_ho-Xpta `Kh \nXn Xkvssa tlmhm-N.

injy Cs\ Fp ]dp: Atbm kuaym,

Ah temI-sf am{X-amWv ]d- p- X-Xv Fm Rm
\n\v {_-s- n ]d-p-X-cmw. GXp-{]-Imcw Xma-c-bne-bn Pew ]p-n--tbm, A{]-Imcw {_s Rm
]d-bm t]mIp--Xp-t]mse Adn-bp--h-\n ]m]-Iw
]p-I-bn-. BNm-cy ]dp: `K-h F\np ]dp
Xmepw injy ]d-p. Ah\v BNm-cy ]dp
sImSp-p.

]Xn-\mw Jw
b Gtjm fnWn ]pcptjm Zriy-X, Gj
Bt-Xntlm hmssN-X-Z-ar-X-`-b-taX
Z {_tXn; XZy-Zy-]y-kvan kntm-ZIw
hm knXn h\o Gh K-Xn.
Io In GXp ]pcp-j-\mtWm ImW-s-Sp-Xv
B ]pcp-j Bm-hm-Ipp Fp ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p.
Rm ]d Cu B-XXzw \in-m-Xpw `b-an-m-Xp-am-Ip-p. CXv {_-am-Ip-p. ]pcpjs m\-amb Cu
An-bn kn-t\-tbm, DZ-I-ttbm tkN\w sNq.
Ch Ca-I-sf-s Kan-p-p. ]pcp-js \nc-RvP-\Xzw
hn-p-p.

GXw kw bZzma CXym N-tX, GXw ln

khmWn hmam-\y-`n-kw-bn; khmtWy
\w hmam-\y`n kwb-nb Ghw thZ
Cu ]pcp-js\ kwb-Zzm-a Fp ]d-bp-p. Fsm tim`-\-am-bn-p--h-sbmw Cu ]pcp-js\ A`n-kwK-an-p-p. Cs\ Bcv Adn-bp-pthm Ahs\ tim`-\-fm-bn-p--h-sbmw A`n-kw-K-an- p-p.

Gj D Gh hma-\o-tcj khmWn
hmam\n \bXn; khmWn hmam\n \bXn
b Ghw thZ

`K-hmt\ Fv D]-tIm-ke
- hnfn-tI-p. Atbm
kuay \ns apJw {_-ns F-t]mse hnf-p-p.
\ns Bcp A\p-im-kn-p. BNm-cy tNmZn-p. Atbm
Cu ]pcp-j Xt hma-\o-ba
- m-Ip-p. Fs-m
O`- K-hms\ Bcm-Wv Fs A\p-iw- kn- p- Xv Fv BIp- Ch Fm hma-- tfbpw \bn- p- p. C{]- Imcw Bcp Adn-Xp-t]mse D]-tIm-k-e ]d-p. apt thsd hn[-n- bp-pthm Ah hma--fm-bn-p--sXmw \bn-p-p.
en-cp--hcpw Ctm Cu hn[-n-en-cn-p--hc
- p-amb Cu
Gj D Gh `man\o tcj ln kthjp
An-I Xs Fs D]-tZ-in-p. Ah An-Isf
temtIjp `mXn. kthjp temtIjp `mXn
Nqn--d-p. Atbm kuaym, \n\v FmWv Ah
b Ghw thZ
]d-p-X-Xv? BNm-cy tNmZn-p.

231

Ch Xs `man- \n- bm- Ip- p.Fs- m Ch Fm

temIfnepw tim`n-p-p. C{]-Imcw Bcp Adn-bp-pthm, Ah Fm temI--fnepw hnf-p-p.

AY bZp ssNhm-kvan ihyw Ipn,

bZn-N\
- m, j tahmZn kw`-h-n, A
ntjm flm, c B ]q-am-W-]
am]q amW-]-m-Zym jkp-c-tXn
amwkmw kvXm, amtk`yx kwh--cw,
kwh-cm ZmZn-Xy, amZn-Xym-{- -a-kw,
N{-atkm hnZyp-Xw, XXv ]pcptjmf
am\hx k G\m {_-K-a-bXn; Gj
tZh ]tYm {_l ]Yx, GtX\ {]Xn
]Zy-am\m Caw am\-h-am-hw \mff
h-t-\ff ht
Chs hnj-b
- n ii-hI
- w sNp-s-nepw
sNp-n-s-nepw An-c-`n-am-\n-bmb tZh-sX-tb-s
{]m]n-p-p. A-n \nv Al-c-`n-am-\n-bmb tZh-Xtb-bpw Al-n\nv ip-]
- - tZ-h-X-tbbpw ip-]-tZ-h-X-bn \nv D-cm-bW tZh-X-tbbpw B amk-fn \nv kwh--c-tZ-h-X-tbbpw kwh--c-n \nv
BZn-Xy-t\bpw BZn-Xy-\n\nv N{-a-n-t\bpw N{-an \nv hnZyp-n-t\bpw {]m]n-p-p. AhnsS a\p-jy\- m ]pcp-j hcp- p. Ah Chsc {_s {]m]nn-p-p. CXv tZh ]Yhpw {_-]-Yhpw BIp- p.
CXnIqSn t]mIp--h Cu a\p-hns krn-cq-]a
- mb
Bhs Bhn-p-n- . Bh-sa-p-]-d-bpXv P\-\-a-c-W--fpsS XpS-bm-Ip N{I-nsp
Id-p--Xn-s\-bm-W.v

]Xn-\ mdmw Jw
Gj l ssh btm tbm fbw ]h-tX,
Gj lb-nZw khw ]p\m-Xn, btZ
j bn-Zw, khw ]p\m-Xn, XkvamtZ
j Gh-b-, kvXky a\ hmIv
N h-\o.
GsXmcp hmbp-hmtWm ipo-Ic
- n-p-Xv A-s\bp hmbp b-am-sWp {]kn--am-Ip-p. Cu hmbp
Kan-p-sImv Cu PK-n- s\-sbmw ip-am-p-p. Cu
hmbp k-cn-p-sImv Cu PK-ns\ Fmw ip-ampp Fp-t- XtXm AXp-sIm-p-Xs Cu hmbp
b-am-Ip-p. B b-ns am- a\pw
hmp-am-Ip- p.

Xtbm-cky Xcmw a\km kwkvI-tcmXn

{_m hmNm-tlmX f[-cp-Zv KmXmf

\yXcmw; kb t{Xm ]mIrtX {]mX-c\p

hmtI ]pcm-]-cn-[m-\o-bmb {_m

hyh-h-Z-Xn, A\y-X -cm-tah h\nw
kwkvI-tcmXn lobtX f\yXcm
B cp h- \n-I-fn Hns\ {_-sap ]d-bp
EXznv a\- p- sImv kwkvI- cn- p- p. asm- ns\ tlmXmhpw, A[z-hpw, DZvKm-Xmhpw hmp-sImv kwkvI-cnp-p. Fhn-sS, ikv{Xw Bcw- `n-n-cn-p-tm ]cn- [m-\ob
Fp ]d-bp En-\,v apv B {_mhv au\s Dt]n-p-p-thm, AhnsS Hns\ am{Xsa kwkvIc
- n-p-Ibp-p. asmv \-s-Sp-p.

k b ssY Iw]m-Zv{h-P, ctYmssh

tI\ Nt{IW h-amt\m cnjytXy
ha kybtm cnjyXn; bw cnjyw
bP-amt\m/\pcn-jyXn; k Czm
]m]o-bm `hXn
GXp {]Im-c-amtWm Hcp ]mZ-tmSp IqSn-b-h hgnt]m-Ip-tm \in-p-Xv A-n H-{Iw sImv
hn-p cYw k-cn-p-tm \in-p-Xv A{]Imcw Cu bP-am\s B bw \in-p-p. \in-p
bs bP-am-\ A\p-\i
- n-p-p. B bP-am-\
bmKw sNbvXv IqSp-X ]m]-ap--h\
- m-bn-o-cp-p.

AY bt{Xm-]m-IrtX {]mX-c\
- p-hmtI \
]pcm ]cn-[m-\o-bmbm {_m-hy-h-hZ
XyptZ Gh h\o kwkvI-ho \lo
btX f\yXcm
FhnsS {]mX-c-\p-hmIw Bcw-`n--Xns tijw, ]cn-[m\o-b-Xp ap]v {_mhv au\s Dt]-n-p-n-tbm
AhnsS cp h-\n-I-tfbpw kwkvI-cn-p-p. cn
Hpw \jvS-s-Sp-n-.

k btYm-`b ]mZv{h-P, ctYm-t]mZm

`ymw N{Im`ymw h-am\x {]Xn-XnjvT
tXy ha-ky-bx {]Xn-Xn-Xn; bw
{]Xn-Xn-w bP-amt\m f\p{]-XnXn
jvTXn; k Czm-t{i-bm `hXn
F{]-Imcw cp Imep-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb ]pcp-j hgn-t]mIp-tm \in-m-Xn-cn-ptm As-n cp N{I-sf-sImv hn-p cYw \in-m-Xn-cn-ptm A{]Imcw Cub-P-am- \s B bw \in-m-Xn-cn-p-p. {]XnnXn sNp bs bP-am-\ A\p-{h-Xn-nXn
sNpp B bP-am-\ bmKw sNbvXv t{ijvT-\m-bn-ocp-p.

232

I ]Xn-t\gmw Jw
{]Pm-]-Xntm-Im-\-` y-X-] Xv; tXjmw
X]y-am-\m\mw ckm {]mhr-lXv; A
nw ]rYn-hy, hmbp-a--co-m, ZmZnXy Znhx

I-fpsS HmP-p-sIm-pw, bPq-p-I-fpsS b-ns

X-cq-]-amb hntZw Iqn-tp icn-bm-p-p.

AY bZn kmatXm cnjyXv kzx kzmtl

Xym lh-\otb Pqlp-bmXv; kmav\m
ta hX-{Z-tk-\, kmav\mw hotW
kmav\mw bky hncnw k-[m-Xn.

{]Pm- ]Xn temI-sf A`n-X- ]n- n- p. X]n-- s- Sp B

temI- -fpsS ck-sf FSpp ]rYn-hn-bn \nv Antbbpw A-co--n \nv hmbp-hn-t\-bpw, tZymhn
kma- \nanw bw Xw {]m]n-p-Ib
- m-sW\nv BZn-Xy-t\bpw
n kzxkzmlm Fv Bl-h-\o- b- \n tlman--Ww. AXv
kma--epsS Xs ckw-sIm-pw, kma--fpsS hocywk GXm-kvXnt{km tZhXm A`y-X]
- Xv;
sImpw kma-sf kw_- n b-ns X-cq-]Xm kmw X]y-am-\m\mw ckm {]m
amb hntZw km\w sNp-p.

hrlXv; Bt XrtNm-hm-tbm-Pqw-jn,
kmam-\ ym-Zn-X ym-X v.

{]Pm-]Xn Cu aqp tZh-X-Isf A`n-X-]n-n-p. X]n-s-Sp Ah-cpsS kmc-sf D-cn-p. An-bn \nv
Ep-Isfbpw hmbp-hn\nv bPq-p-I-sfbpw BZn-Xy\n \nv kma--sfbpw

k GXmw {Xbnw hnZym-a-`y-X]

- -Xv,
Xkym kvX]y-am-\mbm ckm- {]mhr-lX
- v,
{`cnXy `rKvt`ym, `qh-cn-Xnb Pq`yx
kzcnXn kzcnXn kma`yx
{]Pm-]Xn Cu {Xbo-hn-Zysb A`n-X- ]n-n-p. X]n--sSp AXns ck-sf D-cn-p. Ep-I-fn \nv `qx
Fpw bPq-p-I-fn \nv `qh Fpw kma--fn \nv
kzx Fp {Kln-p. AXn-\m Ch temI--fp-tSbpw tZhm-c p-tS-b pw, thZ- -fp-tSbpw cmk- -fmb alm-hymlrXnIfm- Ip- p.

XZy Zrtm cntjy-Zv, `qx kzmtlXn

Kml-]tXy Pqlp-bmXv; ENm-tah
X{Z-tk\ mw hotW mw bky
hncnw kwZ-[mXn
B b- n Ep-I \nanw b- n\p tISp
hcn-I-bm- sW-n `qx kzmlm Fv Kmly- ]- Xy-\n tlman-Ww. AXv Ep-I-fpsS Xs ckw-sIm-pw, Ep-IfpsS hocyw-sImpw Ep-If
- psS b-ns X-cq]-amb hntZw Iqn-tNp-p.

AY bZn bPq-tm-cn-tjyZv `qhx kzm

tlXn Zn-Wmu Pqlp-bmXv; bPqjm
ta h X{Z-tk-\, bPqjmw hotW
bPqjmw bky hncnw k-[m-Xn.
bPqp- I \nanw bw Xw {]m]n-p- I- bm-sWn `qhxkzmlm Fp a{- m Zn-W-B-n- bn
tlman--Ww. AXv bPq-p-If
- psS ckw-sIm-pw, bPq-p-

XZyYm eh-tW\ kphw k-[ym-Xv,

kpht\ cP-Xw, cP-tX\ {X]p{X
]p-Wm-ko-kw, kotk\ temlw, temtl
\ Zmcp, Zmcp N-Ww, Gh-tajmw
temIm \mamkmw tZhXm \ma-kymkv{X
m hnZymbm hotW bky hncn
w k-[mXn, t`j-P-IrtXm l hm
Gj btm bss{Xhw hnZv {_
m `h-Xn.
AXv Fns\ Fm s]mImcw apX-em-b
- mcw
sImv kz-t-bpw, kph-sImv shn-tb-bpw,
cPXw sImv XI-c-t-bpw, XI-cw-sImv Cub-t-bpw,
Cubw-sImv teml-t- bpw, temlw sImv XSn-tbbpw
XpIsImv XSn- tbbpw km\w sNp--sX- n-t\tbm
A{]-Imcw Cu teml--fp-tSbpw Cu tZh-X-I-fp-tSbpw
Cu {Xbo-hn-Zy-bp-tSbpw how-sImv b-ns
Xw km\w sNp-p. GXp b-n {_mhv
C{]- Im-c-a- dn-bp--h Bbn-cn-p-pthm Cu bw t`jP-m kwkvI-cn-- s--Xm-bn-Xo-cp-p.

Gj l hm DZIv {]htWm btm

bss{Xhw hnZv {_m `hXn; Ghw
hnZw lhm Gjm {_lv-amW a\p-KmYm
btXm bX BhtX XXv XZv
KXn; am\thm {_ss-sshI
EXznIv Ipcp-Xizm f`nc-Xn G
hw hnssh {_m bw bP
am\w kmw-ntPm f`nc-Xn
Xkvam-tZhw hnZ-tah {_mWw
Ipho-X, \mt\hw hnZw.
GXp b-n {_mhv C{]-Im-c-a-dn-bp--h-\m-bncn-ptm B bw hS-tmp Ncn--Xm-Ip-p. C{]Im-c-a-dn-bp {_m-hn-s\-p-dnv Cu A\p-Km-Y-{]-kn--am-

233

I Ipp: FhnsS AhnsS sNp m\-hm-\mb {_mhm-Ip Htc EXznIv s]Ip-Xnc F-t]mse Imsf A`n-c - n-p- p. CX- dn-b p {_mhv btbpw bP-am-\-t\bpw Fm EXzn-p-I-tfbpw A`n-c-npp. AXn-\m Cs\ Adn-bp--hs\ {_m-hm-Ww. C{]-Imcw Adn-bm--hs\ {_m-hm--cp-Xv.

Am- a-ymbw
Hmw Jw
kKpW {_-hn-Zy-bpsS D-c-KXn CXp-hsc ]d-p.
]m-n-hn-mb Krl--\pw, ap-hn-Zy-Isf ioen-p
{im-ep--fmb Duz-tc-X-p-Ipw, AtX KXn-sbs A\p-h-Zn-p. tIhe [n-Iv Zn-W-Zn-ns\
kw_-n--Xpw, [qam-Zn-e--W-hpw, ]p\-cm-hn-cp-]h
- pamb thsd KXn-bpw, aqm-a- Xm-bn, sshcmKyw hcp--Xn-mbn, hnZym-I- c-ln-X- mv, AXn-s\-m IjvS-X- c-amb
kwkm- c- KXn ]d-bm-\mbn Bcw-`n-p- p. {]mWx t{imjvtTm
hmKm- Zn`yx {]mtWm hmh kw hx XpSn ]e-bn-S--fnepw
Ign Aym- b- - fn {]mW-s\-n ]d- n-p- v. Fmw
Hcp- t]mse Hcp- anp tNp {]hn- p- sIm- n- cn- p- tm,
B {]mW hmp apX-em-b-hb
- psS Iq-n t{ijvT-\mIp-- sX- ns\ Fpw B {]mWs\ D]m-kn- t- Xv Fns\-bm-Wpw ImWn-p--Xn- \,v B {]mWs t{ijvT-XzmZn
KpW-sf hn[n--W-sav ImWn-p-.p

Hm, tbm l ssh tPyjvTw Nt{ijvTw

N thZ, tPyjvT l ssh t{ijvT
`hXn; {]mtWm-hmh tPyjvT t{ijvT.
tPyjvT-t\-bpw, t{ijvT-t\bpw Bcv Adn-bp-p-thm,
Ah tPyjvT-\m-bpw, t{ijvT-\mbpw `hn-p-p. tPyjvT\pw, t{ijvT\pw {]mW Xs-bm-Wv.

tbm l ssh hknw thZ, hkn

jvtTm lkzm \mw `hXn hmKzmhhknjvTx
hkn-jvTs\, [\w D-h-s\, Bcv Adn-bp-pthm
Ah mXn-Iv hkn-n-p--h-\mbn `hn-p-p.
hkn-jvT Fp ]d-bp-Xv hmp-X-s- bm-hp-p.

tbm l ssh {]XnjvTmw thZ, {]Xn l

XnjvT Xy kvanw temtI fapjvanw
NphmI {]XnjvTm
{]Xn-jvTtb Bcp Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah Cu temInepw ]c-tem-I-nepw {]Xn-jvTn-X-\m-Ip-p. {]XnjvT
Fp ]d-bp-Xv Np-p-X-s.

tbm l ssh kZw thZ kwlm

kvssa Imamx ]Zyt ssZhm
am\p-jm; t{im{Xw hmh k-Zv.

k-ns\ bmsXm- cp- Adn- bp- pthm Ah\v tZh

kw_- n-I-fpw, a\p-jy-kw-_-n-I-fp-amb Ima- k--fm- Ipw. k- sp ]d-bp-Xv t{im{Xw Xs-bm- W.v

tbm l hm Bb-X\w thZm ffbX\w

l kzm \mw `hXn; at\m lhm Bb-X-\w.
Bb-X-\s Bcp Adn-bp-pthm Ah mXn
Iv B{i-b- am-bn-Xo- cp-p. Bb-X-\-sa- Xv a\-m-Ip- p.

AY l {]mW Alw t{ibkn hyqZntcf

lw t{ibm\ kvaylw t{ibm-\-kvaoXn
]ns {]mW- Rm t{ijvT-\m-I p-p. Rm
t{ijvT- \m-Ipp Alw t{ib-ns\ kw_-np hgp
Iqn.

tXl {]mWmx {]Pm-]Xnw ]nXc

tatXymNpx: `K-h tIm \x t{i
jvTx CXn Xm tlmhmN: bkvan
h D{Imt icocw ]m]n-jvT-Xc
anh-Zr-tiyX k hx t{ijvTx CXn
B {]mW- ]nXm-hmb {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS ASp-
sNv tNmZn-p. `K-hm-t\, R-fn t{ijvT BcmWv?
Ah- tcmSv {]Pm-]Xn ]d- p. \n- fpsS Iq- n Bcv icocw hnp-t]m-hp-tm icocw Ghpw ]m]n-jT
v - sa--t]mse
ImW-s-Sp-tam, Ah \n-fn t{ijvT- \m-Ip-p.

kml hmKp--{Ima; km kwh-cw

t{]mjy ]ttXym hmN: IY aiI
Xt ao-hnXp anXn. bYm Iem
Ah-Zx {]mWx {]mtW-\, ]iy
-p-jm-ir-Wzx t{imt{X-W,
[ymbtm a\-sskh anXn. {]hnth
i l hmIv
B hmIv icocw hnp-t]m-bn, B hmv Hcp kwh--cmew {]kn-nv Xncn-p-hv ap {]mW--tfmSpw tNmZnp:
Fs IqSmsX Pohn- p--X n\v GXp {]Im-c - n
\nv Ign-p. aqI-m-sc-tmse Hpw ]d-bmsX
{]mW-s\-smp {]mWn-pw, Np-p-sImv Ipw,
t{im{Xw sImp-tI-pw, a\-p-sImv [ym\n-pw, Cs\
R Pohn-p. B {]mW- Dcw ]d-p. hmv
kz hym]m-c-n {]th-in-p.

Nptlm--{Ima; XXv kwh-cw

t{]mjy ]t-tXym-hmN: IY-a-iI
Xt ao-hnXp anXn. bYm fm
A]iyx {]mWx {]mtW-\, hZ
tm hmNm irWzx t{imt{X-W,

234

[ymbtm a\ sskhanXn {]hn-thi

lNpx
Npv D{Ianp AXv Hcp kwh--c-tv Xs
hym]mcw hnv \nnv aS-n-hp tNmZnp: GXp-hn[w
F IqSmsX Pohn-p--Xn\v \np Ignp? Am-sc- tmse ImWmsX {]mW- s\- sImp {]mWnpw hmpsImp hZnpw t{im{Xw-sImp {ihn-pw, a\-p-sImp
[ym\npw R Pohn-p. ap {]mW- Dcw ]d-p.
Npv kzhym-]m-c-n {]hn- p.

t{im{Xw tlm-{Ima XXv kwh-cw

t{]mjy ]t-tXym-hmN: IYa iI
Xt-a-o-hn-Xp-a-Xn. bYm _[ncm
Air-Wzx {]mWx {]mtW-\,
hZtm hmNm, ]iy p-jm,
[ymbtm a\-ssk-h-anXn {]hnth
i l t{im{Xw.
t{im{Xw DXv{I-an-p. AXv Hcp kwh--c-m-e-tp
Xs hym]m-c-n \np ]namdn \nnv aS-n-h-p.
ap {]mW--tfmSp tNmZnp: Fs IqSmsX Pohn-p-Xn\v Fns\ \np Ignp? _[n-c-m-sc-tmse
tIm- sX, {]mW-s\- smp {]mWn- pw, hmp-sImp
hZn-pw, Np-p-sImp Zinpw a\-p-sImp [ym
\npw R Pohn-p. ap {]mW- ]dp: t{im{Xw
kzhym-]m-c-n {]hn-p.

at\m tlm-{Ima; XXv kwh-cw

t{]mjy-]ttXym hmN:IY a iI
Xt ao-hnXp anXn, bYm _me
A a\kx {]mWx {]mtW-\, hZ
tm hmNm, ]iy---p-jm, irWz
x t{imt{X-ssW-h-anXn {]hn-thi la\x
a\v D{I-an-p. AXv Hcp kwh--c-m-e-tv
{]h-kn-nv aS-n-hp tNmZn-p. Fs-q-SmsX Pohn-p- Xn\v F{]- Imcw \np Ignp? _me- m- sc- tmse
a\-n\p Xt-S-an-m-sX, {]mW-s\-smp {]mWnpw
hmp-sImp hZnpw Np-p-sImv Zinpw t{im{Xw
sImv {ihnpw Cs\ R Pohn-p. ap {]mW ]dp: a\v kzhym-]m-c-n {]hn-p.

AY l {]mW Dn-{I-an-j, k bYm

kplbx ]Uzoi iq kwJntZ
tZh-an-X-cm {]mWm ka-Jn-ZXv
Xw lm`n-k-tatXym Npx: `K-h-t[n
Xzw \x t{ijvtTm fkn tam {Ian-cn-Xn.

A\-cw B {]mW D{I-an-p-hm-\n-nv GXp-{]Im-c-amtWm \ IpXnc Xs Imep-I sIn-bn-p IpnI-s f, Cf-n-n-gp-Xp-Xv A{]-Imcw ap {]mW-se
]ngpXp. B apJy- {]m- Ws ASp- sNv ap-{]m-W-
]dp: Atbm `K-hms\ R-fpsS kzman-bm-bn-cn-q.
Av R-fn t{ijvT- \m-Ip-p. Cu ico-c-n \nv
hnp-t]m-I-cp-Xv.

AY ssl\w hmKp-hmN: bZlw

hknjvtTm fkvan Xzw XZz-knjvtTmf
koXn AY-ssl\w Np-cp-hmNx
bZlw {]XnjvTm fkvan, Xzw XXv {]Xn
jvTmko-X n.
AY ssl\w t{im{X-ap-hmN:
bZlw kw]-Z-kvanXzw XXv kw]
ZkoXn AY ssl\w a\ DhmNx
bZ-l-amb X\-a-kvXn, Xzw XZmb
X\- a-k o-Xn.
hmv Cu apJy-{]m-Wt- \mSv ]dp: Rm hkn-jT
v \m-Ipp FXv GtXm B hkn-jT
v \obm-Ip-p. A\cw Npv apJy-{]m-W-t\mSv ]dp: Rm {]Xn-jT
v bm- IptXtXm B {]XnjvT \obm- Ip- p. A\-cw t{im{Xw
Cu apJy-{]m- W-t\mSv ]dp: Rm GXp k-m-Ip-pthm, B kv \o BIp-p. a\v apJy-{]m-W-t\mSp
]dp: Rm GXm-b-X-\-am-Ip-p-thm, B Bb-X\w
\obm-Ip-p.

\ ssh hmtNm, \N-qw-jn, \t{im

{XmWn, \ a\mw koXym NtX; {]m
Wm CtXyhm NtX; {]mtWm
tlyssh-Xm\n khmWn `h-n.
hmp-I Fp ]d-bp-n; Np-p-I Fp ]dbp-n; t{im{X- Fp ]d-bp-n; a\-p-I Fp
]d- bp- n; {]mW- Fp Xs ]d- bp-p. Fs- m
Cu hmKm-Zn-I-sfmw {]mW Xs- bm-Ip-p.

cmw Jw
ktlm-hmN Inwta fw `hn-jy-Xo-Xn-bXv
Inn-Zn-Zam iz`y B iIp-\n`y CXntlm
Npx, XZzm GX-Z\ kym, at\m-lssh
\ma {]Xyw \ l hm Ghw hnZn
In-\m-\w `h-XoXn
apJy-{]m- W tNmZnp: F\nv Aw Fm- bn- cnpw?
izm apX iIp-\n-I hsc Cu temI-p--sX-mw.

235

I hmKm-Zn-I Dcw ]d-p. A-s\-bp CsXmw

{]mWs A-am-Ip-p. A\ Fp-Xv {]Xy--amb
\ma-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw Adn- bp- -h- \n bmsXmpw Aa-m--Xmbn `hn--bn-.

ktlm-hmN:- Inw ta hmtkm `hnjy

XoXn; B] CXn tlmNpx XkvamZzm
GX-Z-in-jyx ]pc-kvXmtm ]cnjvTm
mnx ]cn-Z-[-Xn-e-av`qtIm l
hmtkm `h-Xy-\tm `h-Xn.
{]mW ]ntbpw tNmZnp: F\nv hkv{Xw Fmbn-cnpw? Ap-I hmKmZnI ]d-p. Ain-p-hm
t]mIp--h t`mP-\-n\p ap]n-epw, t`mP\w Ignpw
Ap-I-sfsImv apJy-{]m-Ws\ DSp-n-p-p. Cs\
sNp-Xv Ap-I {]mWs hkv{X- am-b-Xp-sIm-m-W.v
a\-ns\ e`n-p--h-\m-bn `hn-pw. D-co-b-ap--h-\mbn- o-cpw.

Xss-XXv kXy-Imtam Pm_mtem

tKm{ip-Xtb sshbm {] ]Zymtbm
tzmhmN: bZyt]y XNv NvXp-jvImb
mWth {_pbm-m-tb-ct hmkvan
RvimJmx, {]mtcm-tlbpx ]emim\oXn.
C-s\-bp Cu {]mW-Zi-\s Pm_m-eb
- psS
]p{X-\mb kXy-Im-a hym{L-]-ns ]p{X-\mb tKm{ipXnv ]dp sImSp- nv ]d- p. CXns\ ipjvI-amb Ipnp-t]mepw ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ib
- m-sW-n, Cu mWphn imJ-I Dm-hpw. Ce-I apf-p-Ibpw sNpw.

AY bZn aln Kan-tj, Zam-hmkym

bmw ZonXzm ]uamkymw cm
{Xu khu j[ky aw Z[n-a-[pt\m
cp]-a-Yy, tPyjvTmb t{ijvTmb kzm
tlXy mhm-Pyky lpXzm at
kw]m-X -a-h-\ -tb-Xv.
A\-cw al-Xzs Kan-p-hm Cn-p-I-bm-sWn Idp--hm-hp-m Zon-nv shfp--hm-hp-m
cm{Xn-bn Fm Huj-[
- n-tbpw ]ns ssXcpw
tX\pw Iqn-b-Xn Ie-n-bnv An-bn tPyjvTmb
t{ijvTmb kzmlw Fv BPys tlman- nv kw]m- Zs
an hogv-Ww.

hkn-mb kzmtl-Xym hmPyky lpXzm

at kw]mX ah-\-tbXv; {]Xn-jvTmssb
kzmtl-Xym hmPyky lpXz at
kav]m-X-a-h-\-tb-Xv, ktZ kzmtlXy
m hmPyky lpXzm at kmX

ah \tbXv; Bb-X-\mb kztl-Xym

hmPyky lpXzm at km-X-a-h-\-tb-Xv.

hknjvTmb kzmlw Fv An- bn BPys tlmannv kav]m-Xs a-n hogv-Ww. {]Xn-jT
v mssb
kzmlm Fv An-bn BPys tlman-nv kav]mZs a- n hogv- Ww. kmtZ kzmlm Fv Anbn BPys tlman- nv km-Zs a- n hogvWw. Bb-X-\mb kzmlm Fv An-bn BPys
tlman-nv km-Zs a-n hogv-Ww.

AY {]Xn-kr-]ym-RvPeu a-am-Zmb
P]Xn:- Atam-\m-amkn; Aamln
tX kh-anZw; kln tPyjvTx t{i
jvtTm cmP / [n]Xnx, kam-ssPy-jvTyw
ss{ijvTyw cmPy-am-[n-]Xyw Ka-bXp; A
ltath XXv kh-a-km-\n.
A\-cw Aev]w AIse amdn sXmgp-s sI-b n
as FSpp Xmtg-]d- b
- p a{w P]n-Ww: \o
Aa Fp t]cp-h
- \
- m-Ip-p. Fs-m Cu PKsmw \ns IqsS-bm-Ip-p. {]mW-`5#q-X-amb aw
tPyjvT\pw t{ijvT-\pw, Zo]vXn-am-\pw, A[n-jT
v nXn sNbvXp
]men-p--h\pw BIp-p. B aw Fs tPjvT-Xztbpw t{ijvT-X- tbbpw cmPy-tbpw B[n-]-Xy- tbpw
{]m]n-pw. Rm Xs Cu PK-s- m-ambn Xocpw.

AY Jtez Xbm ] BNm

aXn XXv khn-XphrWn al CXym
Nm aXn; hbw tZhky t`mP-\-anXym
NmaXn; t{ijvTw kh-[m-Xa
- -anXym
NmaXn; Xpcw `Kky [oa-loXn khw
]n_Xn, \nWnPy Iwkw Nakw
hm ]m-Ztx kwhn-iXn NWn
h-nte hm hm Nw bax A{]
kmlx kb-Zn-{knbw ]tiyXv kar
w ItXn hnZym-Xv.
A\- cw Xmtg ]d- bp Ep-sImv Htcm ]mZw hoXambn BN-an--Ww. XXv khn-Xphr-Wo-atl Fv BNan-Ww hbw tZhky t`mP\w Fv BN-an--Ww.
t{ijvTw kh-[m-Xaw Fv BN-an-Ww Xpcw-`-Kky
[oaln Fv apgp-h\pw ]m\w sN-Ww.

BN-a-\-n-\p Ens kzcq]w:

Xhn Xphr-Wo-atl hbw tZhky
t`mP\w t{ijvTw kh[m Xaw Xpcw
`Kky [oalo Fm-Wv.

236

R khn-Xm-hmb tZhs Fm A- - tf-mfpw

t{ijvThpw Fm PK-n-t\bpw Ghpw [mcWw sNpp-Xw, Fm P\-n-t\bpw AXn-i-tb\ hn[m\w sNp-Xp- amb B t`mP- \s hcn- p-p. khn- Xm-hmb tZhs
kzcq-]s thK-n R [ym\n-p-I-bm-W.v Iwkttbm Na-k-ttbm Igp-In-bnp An-bpsS ]Sn-mdp-hiw XpI-entem shdpw Xd-bntem hmNw ba-\m-bnp Dd-Ww. Ah A\n--kz-]\
v -Zi\w sImpw Cf-ImsX
a\-p-d-np kv{Xotb ImWp-I-bm-W-n (kz-]\
v -n)
Iw kar--am-Wv Adn-p-sIm--Ww.

XtZj tmIx bZm Ikp Imtay

jpkv{Xnbw kz]vt\jp ]iy-Xn, kar
nw X{X Pm\n-bmXv Xkvan kz]v\
\nZit\ Xkvan kz]v\-\n-Zit\
B A-n Xmsg--d-bp tmI-ap-v. Ftm
Imay- -fmb I-fn kz]v\w ImWp-tm kv{Xotb
ImWp-pthm An- s\-bp ]w AhnsS I- - fpsS
^e-{]m-]X
v n-bp-sp Adn-b-Ww.

aqmw Jw
tizX-tI-XplmfcptWbx ]m-em\mw
kanXo tabmb Xw l {]hm-ltWm
ssPh-en-cp-hmNx Ipam-cm-\pXzm injXv
]ntXXn A\p ln `Kh CXn.
Bcp-Wn-bpsS ]p{X-\mb tizX tIXp ]m-e-
Fp ]d- bp P\- ]- Z--fpsS kan-Xn-bn sNp. BtizX
tIXp-hn-t\mSv Poh-es ]p{X- \mb {]hm-l-W ]dp
Atbm Ipam-cm, ]nXmhv \ns A\p-im-kn-n-p-v. tizXtIXp Dcw ]d-p.

th bZntXm f[n {]Pmx {]b-oXn

\ `Kh CXn. th bYm ]p\cm
h CXn. \ `Kh CXn. th
]tYmt-h-bm-\ky ]nXr-bm-Wkyp N
hymh-\-an-Xn. \ `Kh CXn.
{]P-I Cu temI-n \nv apI-fn Ftmp Kanp-p-thm, AXp \n\v Adn-bmtam? {]hm-l-W tNmZnp. Adn-p-IqSm `K-hmt\ tizX-tIXp adp-]Sn ]d-p.
F{]-Imcw Xncn-p-t]m-cpp Fp \n\v Adn-bmtam?
Fp {]hm-l-W tNmZn- p. Atbm `K-hm-t\, Adn-pIqSm Fv tizX-tIXp Dcw ]d-p. tZh-bm-\-n- tbpw, ]nXr-bm-\
- n-tbpw hgn-I-fpsS ]c-kv]c hntbm-Km-\s \n\v Adn-bmtam? Fp hopw tNmZn-p.
Adn-p-IqSm `K-hmt\ Fp Dcw ]d-p.

th bYm fkutemtIm \ kw]qX

CXn; \ `Kh CXn. th bYm ]
aym-am-lq-Xm-hm]x ]pcp-j-h-Ntkm
`h-oXn. ss\ `Kh CXn.

]c-temIw Fp-Im-c-W
- m \nd-bmsX Ccn-p-sXv \n\v Adn- bmtam? Fv {]hm- l-W tNmZn-p. Adnp-IqSm `K-hmt\ Fp--chpw ]d-p. GXp-{]-Imcw
Am-as Blp-Xn-bn, B lpXn km[-\- -fmb ApI ]pcp-j Fp hN-tmSp IqSn-b-h\
- mbn `hn-p-sXv \n\--dn-bmtam? {]hm-l-W tNmZn-p. `K-hms\
Xosc Adn-p-IqSm tizX-tIXp ]dp.

AY\p Ina\p intm fthm NYx tbm

loam\n \ hnZymXv IYw tkm f\p
intm {_qhnX? CXn. klmff
bkvXx ]nXp-c-ta-bmb Xw tlmhm-N
A\-\p-injy hmham `K-hm\ {_ho-Z\p
Xzm finjy-anXn
A\p- im-kn- -s-n-p-sv \o ]d--sX-mWv? Bcv
Cu tNmZn kwK-Xn-Isf Adn-bp-I-bn-tbm Ah A\pim- kn--s- -hs\v Fns\ ]dbpw? Fp {]hm-l-W
tNmZn-p. tizX-tIXp hfsc hnj-anv ]nXm-hns m\n BK-an-p. ]nXm-hn-t\mSv ]d-p. A\p-im- kn-msX
Xs `K- hm Rm A\p- im-knp Ign-n- cn- p-p Fv
FtmSv ]d- p.

]am cmPkr _px f{]iv\m\

{]mo-Xv, tXjmw ss\Iw N\m-iIw
hnh-p-anXn; k tlmhmN: bYm
am Xzw XssZ-Xm-\h tZm bYm fl
tatXjmw ss\Iw N\-thZ; bZy
lan-am\ t]Zn-jyw, IYw tX \mhyanXn.
{X-_p FtmSv Ap tNmZy- tNmZn-p. B
tNmZy--fn Hp-t]mepw hnti-jnp \n-bn-p--Xn\v
Rm i-\m-bn-. ]nXmhv ]d-p. \o h DSs\
FtmSv Cu {]iv\--sf-n Fns\ ]d-pthm AXpt]mse Xs Adn-p-sIm-q. Rm Cu {]iv\--fn
Hn-t\bpw Adn-bp-n-. Rm Chsb Adn-n-cpp
Fn \n\v ]d-p-X-cm-Xn-cn-p-am-bn-cp-pthm?

k l KuXtam cmtm fta-bmb;

Xkvssa l {]m]vXm bmlmw NImc;
k l {]mXx k`mK DtZ-bmb; Xw
tlmhmN: am\p-jky `K-h KuXa
hnky hcw hrWnYm CXn. ktlmhm
N: Xsshh cmP! am\pjw hnw

237

Wv. Ahp kam-[m-\hpw ]d-bp-p. A]q-cq-]--fmb

BMq-Xn-I D{I-an-p bP-am-\s
- \, ]cn-th-jvT\w
sNbvXv D{I-an-p-p. bP-am-\ [qam-Zn-bn IqSn Aco--n {]th-in- p-tm Ahs\ B{i-bn-n-cn-p
B KuX-a, cmPm-hns ASpp sNp. Xs Blq-Xn-Ifpw A-co--n {]th-in-p-p. AhnsS
ASp h B KuX-as\ ]qPn-p. KuX-a cmhnse nXn-sN-p bP-am-\-\v, kpJ-I-c-ambn Chbpw AhnsS
cmP-k-`b
- n h-tm At-l-ns ASp- Ib-dn- nXn-sN-bvXp-sImv A-co-s Bl-h\
- o-b-s\sp KuX-a-t\mSv cmPmhv ]d-p. Atbm ]qPy-\mb tmse Bp- p. Blq-Xnv A[n-I-c-W-am-bn- p- Xv BlKuX-am, a\p-jy-kw-_-n-bmb hns kw_-nv h-\o-b-\m-Ip-p. AXv hmbp-hns\ kan-p-t]mse BpAtv C-ap-Xp Ap hcn-p-sIm-p. KuX-a ]d- p. hmbp-hn-s\-sImv A-cow Zo]n-p-p. aco-Nn-Ip. Atbm cmPm-th, am\p-j-amb hnw Atp
sf-s ip-amb Blp-Xn-bm-Ip civan- I, A-coXs Ccn- - s. Fs Ipam- cs ASp- GXp hmns\
- n hym]vX--fm- Wtm? Ans\ A-co-- n
Ap ]d- p- thm, AXv F\n- p ]dp Xcq. B cmPmhv
nXn-sN-bvXp-sIm-v, AhnsS nXn-sN-p bP-am-\ZpxJap--h-\mbn `hn-p.
s\, ^tem-p-J-\m- n- op-p. ]ns bP- am-\, AXw l Nncw htk-Xym-m-]bmw NImc;
co--n \nv, IqsS IqsS D{I-an-p-tm Ahbpw
IqsS D{I-an-p-p. bP-am-\ Zyptem-I-n {]th-inXw tlmhmN; bYm-amXzw KuX-amh
p-tm Ah Zyptem-I-n {]th-in-p-p. AhnsS
tZm btY bw \ {]mIv Xzx ]pcm
{]th-inv BZyp-tem- I-s- s Bl-h-\o-b-\m-n, BZnhnZym {_-Wm KXn XkvamZp kth
Xys\ kan-mn Xop-p. ap]v A-co--n
jp temtIjp {X sskyh {]im-k\
nXn-sN-p bP-am-\s\ XWw sNpp Fp ]da`q-ZnXn Xkvssa tlmhmN
-Xp-t]m-se, B Blq-Xn-I Zyptem-I-n nXn-sNAh-t\mSv hfsc \m Ahn- sS- s Xma- kn-q Fv p bP-am-\t- \bpw ^e-Zm\w sImv kpJn-n-p-p.
cmPmhv Bm-]n-p. B KuX-a-t\mSv cmPmhp ]d-p. A\-cw B Blq-Xn-I bnp XpS-p-Ibpw bP-amAtbm KuX-am, Av FtmSv GXp {]Im-c-n ]d- \ Zyptem-I-n \nv ]rYn-hn-bn {]th-in-bpw
pthm AXp ]d-bm-\p-v. F{]-Imcw Cu hnZy, \n\p sNp-tm Ahbpw Ap-I-fm-bn-op. IqsS Xncnp
ap]v, {_m-Wsc Kan-n-n--tbm, A{]-Imcw temI-n t]mcp-p. ]ns Ah ]rYn-hn-bn {]th-inv X-fpsS
{]kn--am-Ip-p. AXp-sImv ]v Fm temI--fnepw B{i- bs {hoXn apX- em-b- h- tbmSp tNv B{ib Zzmtc{Xnb PmXnp am{Xsa injy-msc Cu hnZy-sIm-v, W, tcX-ns\ \ntj-N\w sNp ]pcp-j-\n {]th-inA\p-im-kn-pI Fp-Xv Dm-bn-cp-pp Fp ]d- p-p. B ]pcp-j-\n \nv kv{Xobn {]th-in-,v K`am-bn-ov X-fpsS B{i-b-s, Im-\p-jT
v m- \p-tbmnv KuX-a\v hnZysb D]-tZ-in-p-sIm-Sp-p.
Ky-amb temI-n- se-p-b-cp--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. C-s\sbmw P\-I, ta- d tNmZy-p-cw ]dp.
\memw Jw
Fm AXn An tNm{Xm-lq-Xn-I-fpsS Im-cw`w
Am-as Blp-Xn-bn Ap-Ip ]pcp-j am{Xw C-hn-[-n- ep-m-Ipp Ft ]d-R-A-Rn-p-p.
F t]cp ]d-bm-hp--sX-s\ Fp tNmZyn\v CXn-em-Is An-tlm-{Xm-lq-Xn-I-fpsS ]cn-Wm-a-cq-]-amb
BZy-ambn kam-[m\w ]d-bp-p. AXn\p kam-[m\w ]d- Imm-cw-`s Ambn hn`-Pnv D-c-am-{]m-]vXnv
p-I- gn-m ]ns a-tNm-Zy-v kam-[m\w ]d-bp- km[-\-am-bn, An-I-sf \ne-bn Ah-bpsS D]m-k\
hn[n-phm\nn-p-sImp ]d-bp-p.
-Xn\v Ffp--am-Ip-p.
hmP-k- t\-b-I-n An tlm{X- lq-Xn-I Ah-bpsS
^es Bcw-`n-p--Xn-s\-n bm-hy, P\-It\mSv tNmZn-p--h-bmbn Bdp tNmZy- Dv. Ah
cmhn-sebpw sshInpw tlman--s-Sp-, An tlm{X-lqXn-I Cu temI-n\nv D{I-an- p-Xv D{I-an-Xns tijw Ah, X-fpsS B{i-b\v Xr]vXnsb kmZn-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xv, Xr]vXnsb km-Znp sImSp-p-sImn-cp-nv Ah Cu temI-n-tev Xncn- p- t]m-cp-- Xv, A\cw Ahbvv B{i-b-amb ]pcp-j ]c-tem-I-n-tev
Dm-\-io-e-\m-bn-o-cp--Xv, Ch-sb-m-sa-ns\? F-Xm-

bmtah Ipamc kymt hmNa `

jYm, kvXmta hta {_qloXn kl
IrOvdo _`q-h.

Aku hmh temtIm KuX-am-n

kvXky ffZnXy Gh kan-Zv, civatbm
- m,
[qam flcn {am Avc
\{XmWn hnkv^p-envKmx
A-tbm, KuX-am, At temIw Xs An-bm-Ipp. Zyp temI-sap ]d-bp Anv BZn-Xy Xs
kan-m-Ip-p. civan-I [qa-am-Ip-p. ]I Pzme-bm-Ipp. N{-av AMvKm-c--fm-Ip-p. \-{X- Xosm-cnI-fm-Ip-p.

238

Xkvant Xkvan-u tZhx {imwPq

lzXn, Xkym BlqtXx tkmam
cmP kw`-h-Xn.
An-s\-bp Cu An-bn Aym-Zn-I {isbp ]d-bs
- -Sp Ap-Isf tlman-p-p. B BlpXn-I-bn \nv tkma-\m-Ip cmPmhv Dm-Ip-p.

Amw Jw
(c-m-as tlmas kw_-n cm-as ]cymb-ns As Adn-bp--Xn-\mbn B ]cymbw FSpp-p.)

]Pt\ym hmh KuX-amn kvXky

hmbp-tch kan-Zv, A{`w [qtam, hn
ZypZn, ci\n cwKm-cm, {lm Z\tbm
hnkv^p-enwKmx
Atbm KuX-am, hrjvTn-tZ-h-X- Xs An-bm-Ip-p.
B ]-P-\-\ym-Ip Anv hnd-I,v hmbp Xs- bm-Ipp.
taLw [qaa-am-Ip-p. hnZypv An-m-Ip-p. CSno
I\-epIfm-Ip-p. Kn-X-i-_vZ- Xosm-cn-I-fm-Ip-p.

Xkvant Xkvan-u tZhx tkmaw

cmPm\w PqlzX Xkym Blq-tXh
jw kw`-h-Xn.
An-s\-bp Cu ]Py\y-\m-Ip An-bn tZhm tkma-\m- Ip cmPm-hns\ tlman-p-p. B Blq-XnXn-bn \nv ag-bp-m-Ip-p.

Bdmw Jw
]rYho hmh KuX-amn kvXkymx
kwh-c Gh k an Zm Imtim
[qtam, cm{Xn-cn, ntimw Kmcm,
Ahm-c Zntim hnkv^p-enwKmx
Atbm KuX-am, ]rYn-hn-Xs An-bm-Ip-p. B
]rYnhn Fp ]d-bp Anv kanv kwh--c-am-Ipp. BImiw [qa-am-Ip-p. cm{Xn An-m-Ip-p. ZnpI AwKmc--fm-Ip-p. -CSZn-p-I Xosm-cn-I-fm-Ip-p.

Xkvant Xkvan u tZhm hjw

Pqlz-Xn, Xkym Blq-tX-cw kw`-hXn
An-s\-bp Cu {]Yn-hn-bm-Ip An-bn, tZhm hjs tlman-p-p. B Blq-Xn-bn Aw
Dm-Ip-p.

Ggmw Jw

]pcptjm hmh KuX-am-n, kvXky hmtK

h kan-Xv, {]mtWm [qtam, Pnlzmf
n-p-cv Kmcmx t{im{Xw hn
kv ]penvKmx
Atbm KuX- am, ]pcp-j An-bm-Ip-p. B ]pcpj-\m-Ip Anv kanv hmm-Ip-p. {]mW [qa-amIp-p. Pnlz Anm-Ip-p. Npv AvKmc--fm-Ipp. t{im{Xw Xosm-cn-I-fm-Ip-p.

Xkvant Xkvan u tZhm Aw

PqlzXn Xkym B lqtX-tcXx kw`h-Xn
An-s\-bp Cu ]pcp-j-\m-Ip Anbn tZhm {holn apX- em-bh sImp-m- -s- Sp Aw tlmanp-p. B Blq-Xn-bn \nv tcXkv Dm-Ip-p.

Fmw Jw
tbmjm hmh KuX-am-n, kvXkym D]
Gh kan, ZypZp-]-a-{-btX k
[qtam, tbm\n-c-n, Zx ItcmXn
tX fv Kmcm.
Atbm KuX-am, kv{Xo An-bm-Ip-p. Btbm-jmnv kanv D]--am-Ip-p. ]Xps h-am\w ]dbp-Xv [qa-am-Ip-p. tbm\n An-m-Ip-p. AI-m-pXv AvKm-c--fm-Ip-p. sNdnb kpJ- Xosm-cn-Ifm-Ip-p.

Xkvan-tX kvanu tZhm tctXm

Pqlz-Xn, Xkym, Blp-tX K`x kw`-h-Xn.
An-s\-bp Cu tbmjm-n-bn tZh-m tcXns\ tlman-p-p. B Blq-Xn-bn \nv K`w DmIp-p.

H]Xmw Jw
CXn Xp ]aym amlp Xm hmhx ]pcp
jh-Ntkm `h-oXn k Dev_mhr
tXm Kt`m Zihm \h hm amkm-\x
ibnXzm bmhZzm fY Pmb-tX.
Cs\ Am- as Blq- Xn-bn Ap-I ]pcp-j
Fp t]cp--h-bm-bn-o-cp-p. B K`w, Pcmbp Fp
]d-bp K`-th-j vT -\ - m Bhr-X -am-bn-v, ]tm
H]tXm amk-mew A-n AXn-eev]w IqSntbm
Ipdtm D Imew Dn InS-nv P\n-p-p.

239

kPmtbm bmhZm bpjw Poh-Xn, Xw

t{]Xw Zn-antXm f b Gh,
lc-n-bX Gt] tXm bXx kw
`qtXm `h-Xn.
B P\n-h
- Bbp-p-n-S-tmfw Imew Pohn-pp. ]tc-X-\mb Ahs\ ]c-tem-Is Dt-inv Cu {Kman \nv Ah GXv An-bn \np hp-thm,
Ah GXv An-bn\npm-bn-cn- p-p-thm, B Anbn-te-p-Xs sImp-t]m-hp-p.

]mw Jw
XZy Cw hnZpx, tb tNta fctWy
{im X] CXyp-]m-k-tX, tXfnj
a`n kw`-hn; Antjm flc
B]q-amW ] am ]q-am-W-]m
Zym jU ZtXn amkmw kvXm
]c-tem-I-n-tep D[zm\w sNp A[n-Ir-X-cmb
Krl--m-cn bmsXm-cp- Cns\ Adn-bp-p-thm,
bmsXm- cp- Ac-Wy-n {i X]v XpS-n-bh D]mkn-p-p-thm, Ah An-c`- n-am-\n-\n-bmb tZh-Xsb
{]m]n-p-p. An-n \nv Al-c-`n-am-\n-\n-bmb tZhX- tbbpw Al-n \nv, ip-]-m-`n-am-\n-\n-bmb tZhX-tb-bpw, A]q-cy-am-bW ]-n\nv kqcy hStmp t]mhp-p-thm, B amk--fmb D-cm-bW tZhX-tb-bpw, D-cm-bW tZh-X-bn \nv kwh--cm-`n-am\n-bmb tZh-X-tb-bpw, kwh--c-n \nv BZn-Xyt\bpw BZn-Xy-\n \nv N{- t\-bpw, N{-\n\nv hnZypn- t\bpw {]m]n-p-p. AhnsS Aam-\-h-\mb ]pcp-j
{_-tem-I-n\nv hcp-p. B ]pcp-j {_s
{]m]n-p-p. CXv tZh-bm-\-sap ]d-bp am-am-hp-p.

AY b Cta-{Kma Cm ]q Z
anXyp-]m-kt- X, tX [pa a`n kw`-hn;
[qam-{Zm{Xnw cmt{X c]-c]
- -, a]c
]m-Zym jUvZ-n-ssW-Xnamw
kmw kvXm, ss\tX kwh--c-a`n
{]m]v\ p-h- n.

amtk`yx ]nXr-temIw ]nXr-temIm

ZmIm-i, amIm-im--{-akw; Gj
tkmtam cmPX tZhm-\m-a-w, Xw,
tZhm `-b-Xn.

amk--fn \np ]nXr-tem-I-t-bpw, ]nXr-tem-In \nv BIm-i-t-bpw, BIm-i-n \nv N{-an-t\-bpw, {]m]n-p-p. Cu N{-av {_m-W-cpsS cmPmhmb tkma-\m-Ip-p. tZh-m-cpsS Aw AXm-Ip-p. B
A- amb N{-a-ns\ tZh-m `n-p-p.

Xkvan bmhw ]mX-ap-jnXzmf

ssYX-ta-hm[zm Xw ]p\n-h
t XtY-X, amIm-i, amImim Zzm
bpw, hmbp`qXzm [qtam `h-Xn, [qtam
`qXzm f{Zw `h-Xn.
A{`w `qXzm tatLm `hXn; tatLm
`qXzm {]hjXn; X Cl {holn-b-hm,
Huj-[n-h-\-kv]-X-b, kvXne-amjm CXn
Pmbt AtXm ssh Jep Zpnjv{]
]X-cw, bmtbm ly-a-n, tbm tc
Xx kn-Xn, XZv`qb Gh `h-Xn.
B N{-a--e - n I- -b w-h sc hkn- n-v ,
ASpp ]d-hm t]mIp hgn-p- Xs t]mb-Xp-t]m-se,
hopw Xncn-p-t]m-cp-p. BIm-i-tbpw BIm-i- n
\np hmbp-hn-t\bpw {]m]n-p-p. hmbp-hm-bn-onv
[qa-ambn ]cn-W-an-p-p. [qa-am-bn-onv hj-ambn
]Xn-p-p. Ah ChnsS {holn-Ifpw bh-fpw Huj[n-I-fpw, hr-fpw Xne-fpw amj-fpw ap-ambn P\np-p. Cm-c-W-m \njv{I-an-p-hm hfsc {]bmk-am-Wv. Bscmw B As `n-p-p-thm, anhmdpw AXns Fmw Ah-b-h--tfmSpw BIr-Xn-tbmSpw
IqSn- b-h-\m-bn-Xo-cp- p.

XZy Cl ca-Wob Nc-Wm, A`ymtim

l bt ca-Wobmw tbm\n-am-]-tZy-c;
{_mW tbm\nw hm {Xnb tbm\nw
hm sshiy-tbm\nw hm AYb Cl I]q
b Nc-Wm, A`ymtim l bt I]qbmw
tbm\n am]-tZy-c, iztbm\nw hm kq
Ic-tbm\nw hm Nm etbm\nw hm

{Kma-n, Chpw ]q-hp-amb Zm\w XmXv]-cytm-Sp-IqSn sNp-Xv BcmtWm Ah [qam-`n-am-\n-bmb

tZh- Xsb {]]n-p-p. [qa-n\nv cm{Xym- `n- am-\n-\n-bmb
tZh-X-tb-bpw, cm{Xn-bn \nv IrjvW-]-m-`n-am-\n-bmb
B A\p-i-bn-I-fn BcmtWm Cu temI-n tim`tZh-X-tb-bpw, A]-c-]-- n\nv kqcy Zn-W-Zn-n\-amb ioe-tmSp IqSn-b-h-cm-bn-cn-p-Xv Ah tim`-\tep t]mIp Bdp-am- k- ns A`n-am\n tZh- X- I- tfbpw
amb tbm\nsb AXm-bXv {_-W-tbm-\n-tbtbm {Xn-b{]m]n-p-p. Ch kwh--cm-`n-am-\n-\n-bmb tZh-Xsb
tbm-\n-tbtbm sshiy-tbm-\n-tbtbm thKw {]m]n-p-p.
{]m]n-p-n-.

240

I bmsXm-cp- Cu temI-n Atim-`\- -io-e-m-cm-bn-cnp-p-thm, Ah Atim-`\

- -amb tbm\nsb AXm-bXv
iztbm-\n-tb-tbm, kqIc tbm\n-tbtbm Nm-et- bm-\ntbtbm thK-n {]m]n-pw.

AssY-Xtbmx ]tYm IX-tcW N\,

Xm\o-am\n p{ZmWy kIrZm ho\n
`qXm\n `hn; Pmb-kz-{an-b-tkztXy
XXv XrI-Xobw m\w tX\m ku
temtI \ kw]qtX; Xkvam-q-Kp]vtk
X; XtZj tmIx
]ns GXp `qX- C-d cp am-fn
Hnepw IqSn t]mIp-n--tbm, A-s\-bp Cu `qX ]e {]mhiyw Bhn-p Cu, sImXp- I,v ]pgp
apX- emb p{Z--fmbn `hn-p-p. P\n-epw acn-epw
aqm-as m\-am-Ip-p. AXp-sImv ]c-temIw \ndbp-n-. AXn-\m kwkm-c-KXn shdp--Ww.

kvtXt\m lnc-Wyky kpcmw ]n_w Kp

tcmkvXev] am\-k {_lm N GtX
]Xn NXzmcx ]-am ffNcw
kvs sXcnXn

henb b- im-en- I- tfmSp IqSn-b-hcpw henb kvtXm{Xnb-m-cp-amb D]-a-\yp-hns ]p{X-\mb {]mNo-\-im-e ]peqjs ]p{X\m kXy-b- Zm-hn-bpsS ]p{X-\mb C{Zyp-av\, i-cm-s ]p{X-\mb _pUn-e Ch HcnSv Hcp-an-q-In-Sn. Bm-thXv {_ GXv Fv hnNm-c-WsN-bvXp.

tX l km-Zbmw N{I-cp-m-etIm sse

`K-htm fb amcpWnx k{_-Xn-aam
m\w sshiz-\-c-a-t[yXn; Xw lm`y
Km-taXn Xw lm`ym Ppx
]qPy-m-cmb Ah Xv D]-tZ-m-hns\ BtemNn-p. Acp-Ws ]p{X-\mb Cu Dm-e-I sshiz-\-c-\mIp Cu-m-hns\ th hn[-n Adn-b p- p.
Ctm Chs\ \apv A`ym-K-an-mw. Cs\ \n-bnv
Dm-e-Is
- \ A`ym-K-an-p.

k l km-Zbmw NImc {]yn amanta

alm-imem alm-t{im{Xn bmkvtXt`ym \
kh-anh {]Xn-]t; lm la-\y-a-`y\p
imkm-\ oXn

B BcpWn hnNmcnp: henb b-im-en-I-tfm-SpIq-Sn-b-hcpw alm t{im{Xn-b-m-cpsS Ch, FtmSp tNmZnkzw tamn-p-hpw, aZy-]m\w sNp--h-\pw, pw. Ahv Ah tNmZn-p--sXmw ]dp sImSpKpcp-Zm-c-sf ]cn-{K-ln-p--h-\pw, {_-Ws\ sImp-- p-hm Rm\p-m-ln-p-n-. Ctm Rm thsdmcp
h\pw Cu \mep-t]-cpw Ah-tcm-Sp-IqSn {]hn-p D]-tZ-m-hns\ A`y-\p-im-kn-mw.
Am-a-t-h\pw ]Xn-p-p.

AY lb GXm ]m-o thZ,

\ k l ssXc ]ymN-c ]m]va
\m en]ytX ipx ]qXx ]pWytem
tIm `hXn b Ghw thZ, b Ghw thZ
Bcv Cu ]m- n-Isf Cs\ Adn-b p-p-thm,
Ah ta-d alm-]m-X-In-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn {]-hn-mepw, ]m]-m en]v\m-I-bn-. Cs\ Bcp Adn-bp-pthm, Ah ip-\mbpw ip-am--s--h\
- mbpw ]pWyamb temI-ap--h-\mbpw Xocp-p.

]Xn- s \mmw Jw
{]mNo-\-i me Hu]-a-\yhx kXy-bx
]uepjn, cn{ Zypavt\m `m-th-tbm,
P\x im-cm-tm, _Une Aiz
Xcm-iznkvtX ssltX alm-imem alm
t{im{Xnbmx ktaXy aoamwkm N{Iqx
tIm\ Bm, Inw {_tXn

Xm tlmhm-Nm-iz-]Xnssh `K-htmf
bw ssI tI bx kw {]Xo-a-am-m\w
ss]izm \c-a-t[y-XnXw lm-`y-Km
taXn Xw lm`y-Ppx

Ah-tcmSp ]dp: Atbm `K-hm-mtc! tItI-bs

]p{X- \mb Cu Aiz- ]Xn F cmPmhv th- hn-[-n Cu
sshizm- \- c- s\ Bm- hns\ Adn- bp-p. Ahs\ Ctm
\apv A`ym-K-an-mw. Fp \n-bnv Aizm-]-Xnsb
A`ym-K-an-p.

tXt`ym l {]m]vtX `yx ]rY KlmWn

Imcbmw NImc k l {]mXx kwPn
lm\ DhmN: \ ta kvtXt\m P\-]-tZ,
\ IZtm \ aZyt]m \m\m-lnXm
nm-hn-Zzm, \ sskzco sskzcn-Wo,
IptXm, by-amtWm ssh `K-htmf
la-kvan, bmhtZ ssIIkvam EXzn tP
[\w Zmkyman XmhZv `K-hZv t`ym
Zmkym-an, h CXn.

241

{]m]vX-cmb Ahp {]tXyIw km-c- sNnp. B cmPmhv {]mXx Ime-n hn\-bt- m-Sp-IqSn
]dp: Fs \mn I-\n-. Ir]-W C. aZy-]\
- n. Aym-[m\w sNm--h\
- n-. hnZzm-m-tc-bp-p. ]c-Zmc-K-a\w sNp--h-\n-. Zp-N-c n-Wn-bmb kv{XoI-fn-.
Atbm `K-hm-m-tc, Rm bmKw sNm t]mI-bm-Wv.
Htcm EXzn-n\pw Fp-am{Xw [\w Rm sImSp-ptam
A{Xbpw `K-hm-m-cmb \nv Xcp-p-v. `K-hm-m
ChnsS hkn-p-hn.

tX tNmNpt\ sslhm-t\ ]pcpj

tc-Xv, Xw sslh htZ-Xv, Bm\
ta thaw sshizm-\cw kw{]-Xy-t[yjn;
Xtah t\m {_qlo-Xn.
Ah ]dp: GXp {]tbm- P-\s D-t-inv ]pcp- j
Hcm-fpsS ASp- sNp-p-thm, AXp-Xs ]d-p
sImSp--Ww. Bm-hp-X- s- bmb Cu sshiz-\-cs\ icnbmbn Av Adn-bp-p. B sshizm-\-c-s\-s R
v ]d-p-X-cq.

Xm tlmhmN {]mXhx {]Xnh

m kvaoXn, tX kanXv ]m-Wbx
]qhm lvtW {]Xn-N{- I-antc; Xm
lm\p ]\ossb sshX-Zp-hmN

Ayw ]iy-kn-{]n-bw, Ayw ]iyXn

{]nbw, `hXyky {_-hkw Ipte b
GX tah-am-m\w sshizm-\c ap]m-kvtX,
aqmtXzj Bm\ CXn tlmhmN; aq
mtX hy]-Xn-jyZy mw\ fKanjy CXn

\o As `n-p-p. {]nbs ImWp-p. Bcv

C{]-Imcw Cu sshiz-\-c-\mb Bm-hns\ D]m-kn-p-pthm, Ah Aw `n- pw. {]nbw ImWpw. Chs Ipen {_-hkw Dm-hpw. Fm CXv Bm-hns
aqm-hm-Ip-p Fp ]d-p. Fs ASp- Ap
hn-m-bn-cpp Fn, At apmhv hoWp-t]m-Ip-ambn-cp-p Fp IqSn--d-p.

]Xn-aqmw Jw
AY tlmhmN kXy-bw ]uepjnx:
No\-tbm-Ky, Iw Xzam-m\ ap]m CXn
BZn-Xy-ta-h. `Kthm cmP-nXn tlmhmN;
Gjssh hniz-cq] Bm-ssh-iz\
tcm bw Xzmam-m-\-ap-]mt; Xkvam
h hniz-cq]w Ipte ZriytX

]pep-js ]p{X-\mb kXy-b--t\mSv ]d-p. Atbm,

{]mNo\-tbmKym, Av GXns\ Bm-hmbn D]m-knAh-tcmSv Aiz-]Xn ]d-p. cmhnse \np {]Xyppp?
]qPy-\mb cmPmth BZn-Xy-s\-s Fp
cw \Imw. Ah ssII-fn kan-p-It- fm-Sq-InS
Ah
]dp. Av GXn-s\-bmtWm Bm-hmbn D]m]qhm-- n cmPmhns ASp-sN-p. Ahsc D]\- bnmsX Xs Xmsg- - d- bp sshizm- \- c- hnm\w ]d- kn-p--Xv, AXv hniz-cq-] Fp {]kn--\mb sshizm\-c\
- mb Bm-hm-Ip-p. AXn-\m \ns Ipe-n
p-sIm-Sp-p.
hfsc Cl- ]- c-tem-I-p- th- n-bp D]-I-cWw ImWpp.

]{mw Jw
Hu]-a-\y-h, Iw Xzam-m-\-hp-]m CXn;
Znh-tah `Kthm cmP-nXn tlmhm
N; Gj ssh kpX Pm Bm
sshizm-\-tcmbw Xzam-m\ ap]mt
Xkvam hkpXw {]kp-X, amkpXw
Ipte Zriy-tX.
D]-a\yp ]p{Xm, Av GXv Bm-hns\ D]m-kn- pp
Fp cmPmhp tNmZn-p. ]qPy-\mb cmPm-th, tZymhn-s\s Fv alm-im-e adp-]Sn ]d-p. Av D]m-knp-Xv kptX-P-sp ]d-bp sshizm-\-c-\mb Bmhm-Ip-p. B Bm-hns\ \o D]m-kn-pp. AXn-\m
\ns Ipe-n kpXhpw {]kq-X-hpw, Akq-Xhpw ImWs-Sp-p. (A-Xm-bXv \ns Ipe-n-ep--h Iw sNp-h-cm- sW-w)

{]hrtm fizX-co-ctYm Zmko-\njvtImf

yw ]iy-kn-{]nbw Ayw ]iy
Xn {]nbw, Zh-ky {_-hkw
Ipte, b GX tah-am-m\w sshizm
\c-ap-]mkvtX! Np-jvtTz-X-Zm-\
CXn tlm hmN tm f`hntjym bZn
amw\m ffKanjy CXn.
Aiz-X-c n-I sf sIn-bn-p cY-hpw, Zm-kn-It- fmSp
IqSnb lmc-hpw, \n\-p-]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p. \o As
`n- p-p. \o {]nbw ImWp- p. BcmtWm C{]-Imcw Cu
sshizm\-c-\m-Ip Bm-hns\ D]m-kn-p-Xv Ah
Aw `n-p-p. {]nbw ImWp-p. Chs Ipe-n
hrm- y-b-\- k-arn Dm-hp-p. CXv Bm- hns Npm-Ip-p. Av Fs ASp- hn-cp-n--n A\m-bn-o-cp-am-bn-cpp Fpw ]d-p.

242

I ]Xn- memw Jw

{]P-sb-smpw [\w-sImpw kar--\m-bn-cn-p-p.

AY tlmhm-tN-{-Zypav\w `m-thbw:
sshbm{L ]ZyIw Xzam-m-\-ap]m
t CXn. hmbp tah `Kthm cmP
nXn tlmhmN Gj ssh ]rY-Kz
m ffm sshizm-Xt- cmbw Xzamm
\ ap]mt; XkvamXv Xzmw ]rYKv _
eb Bbn ]rY-{KY t{iWtbmf \pbn

Ay-w, ]iykn {]nb-a-yw ]iy

Xn {]nbw; `h-Xyky {_-hkw Ipteb
GX-tah amm\w sshizm-\-c-ap-]m-kvtX,
kwtZ-l-kvtXzj Bm\ CXn tlmhmN
kt-lkvtX hyio-Zymw \m ffKan
jy CXn.

Ay-w, ]iykn {]nbw; Ayw

]iyXn {]nbw `h-Xyky {_-hkw
Ipte b GX-tah amm\w sshizm
\c ap]mkvtX; {]mW-kvtXzj Bm\
CXntlmhmN; {]mWkvX DZ-{In-anjy
Zv bmw \ ffKanjy CXn

AY tlmhmN _pUn-ea
- m-iz-X-cmiznw:
sshbm {]]-ZyIw Xzam-m-\-ap-]m
CXn. A] Gh `Kthm cmP-nXn tlm
hmN. Gj sshc-bn-cmm sshizm\
tcm bw Xzam-m\ ap]mt; XkvamXv Xzw
cbn-am ]pjvTn-am-\kn

Av Aw `n-p-p. {]nbw ImWp-p. Bcv Cu

- m-Ip Bm-hns\ Cs\ D]m-kn-p`m-hn-bpsS ]p{X-\mb C{-Zyp-av\-t\mSv tNmZnp: A- sshizm-\-c\
pthm
Ah
Aw `n-pw. {]nbw ImWpw. Chs
tbm, hy{L-h-ns ]p{Xm, Av Fn-s\-bmWv BmIpe
n
{_hkw Dm-Ipw. Fm CXv sshizmhmbn D]m-kn-p-Xv? ]qPy-\mb cmPmth hmbp-hn-s\\c
s
a[ya
i
c
oc-am-Ip-p. Av Fs Acn-In hns Fp ]d- p. Av GXn-s\- bmtWm Bm-hmbn
D]m-kn-p-Xv AXv hmbp ]rY-Kzm-shp t]cp m-bn-cpp Fn At-bpsS icocw hnio-am-bn-oBm-hmb sshizm- \- c- \m-Ip-p. ]rY-Kzm-sh Bm- cp-am-bn-cp-p.
hns\ D]m- kn-p- - Xn-\m thsdthsd D]- lm-c- AbpsS ASp- hcp- p. thsd thsd tX\n- c- I Asb
]Xn-\ mdmw Jw
A\p-K-an-p-p.

Av Aw `n-p-p. {]nbw ImWp-p. BcmtWm

Cu sshizm-\-c-\m-Ip Bm-hns\ D]m-kn-p--Xv,
Ah Aw ImWpw. Chs Ipe-n {_-hkw
Dm- Ipw. Fm CXv sshizm- \-cs {]mW- \m- Ip- p Fv
]d-p. Av Fs ASp- hn-m-bn-cpp Fn
A-bpsS {]mW D{I-an-p-I-am-bn-cpp Fpw ]dp.

]Xn-\ mw Jw
AY tlmhmN P\w: im-cm-y, Iw
Xzam-m\ ap]m CXn. BImi ta
h `Kthm cP-nXn tlmhm-N. Gj
ssh _lpe Bm-ssh-izm-\tcm bw
Xzam-m\ ap]mt; XkvamXv Xzw _lp
tem fkn {]Pbm N [t\\ N.

Aiz-X-cm-izs ]p{X-\mb _pn-et- \mSv ]dp:

Atbm hy{L-]-ns ]p{Xm, Av GXns\ sshizm-\c-\mbn D]m-kn-pp Fv tNmZn-p. A-tbm, ]qPy-\mb
cmPmth Ap-I-sf- -s -bm-I pp Fv _pn-e
Dcw ]d-p. Av GXns\bmtWm Bm-hmbn D]mkn-p-Xv CXv cbn Fp {]kn--\mb Bm-hmb
sshiz-c-\-c-\m-Ip-p. AXn-\m Av [\-ap--h-\mbpw
]pn-bp--h-\mbpw Ccn-p-p.

Ay-w, ]iykn {]nbw, AXyw ]iy

Xn {]nbw `h-Xyky {_-hkw Ipte,
b GX-tah amm\w sshizm-\c
ap]mkvtX; hkvXn-kvtXzj Bm\ CXn
tlmhmN; hkvXnkvtX hyt`-y-`ymw
\m ffKan-jyXn

Av Aw `n-p-p. {]nbw ImWp-p. Bcv C{]Imcw Cu sshizm-\-c-\m- Ipp Bm-hns\ D]m-kn-p- pP\-t\mSv ]d-p. Atbm, i-cm-- ]p-{Xm, Av thm, Ah Aw `n- pw. {]nbw ImWpw. Chs IpeFns\ Bm-hmbn D]m-kn-p-p. ]qPy-\mb cmPm-th, n {_-h-ckw Dm-Ipw. Fm CXv BmBIm-i-s--s Fp-cw ]d-p. Av GXn-t\- hns hkvXn-bm-Ip-p Fp ]d-p. Av Fs ASpbmtWm Bm-hmbn D]m- kn- p-Xv AXv _lp-e Fp hcm-Xn-cpp Fn At-bpsS hkvXn-sm-n-tmt]cp Bm-hmb sshizm- \- c- \m-Ip- p. AXn- \m Av Ip-am-bn-cpp Fp-IqSn ]d-p.

243

I ]Xn-t\gmw Jw
AY tlmhm-tNm-m-eI
- -am-cpWnw: KuX
a, Iw Xzam-m\ ap]m CXn. ]rYnhn tah
`Kthm cmP-n-Xn-tlm-hmN Gj ssh {]XnjvTm
ffm sshizm-\tcm bw Xzam-m\ ap]mt
XkvamXv Xzw {]Xn-jvTntXm fkn{]-bmP
N hip-`n-.
Ayw ]iykn-{]nbw; AXyw ]iyXn
{]nbw `h-Xyky {_-hkw Ipteb
GX-tah amm\w sshizm-\-ca
- p]m
kvtX; ]mZu-tXzXm hm\ CXn tlm
hmN: ]mZu tX hym-tkyXmw bmw
\m ffKanjy CXn

-fnepw Fm Bm--fnepw Aw `n-p-p.''

Xky l hm G Xkyff t\m sshizm\

cky-aqssh kptX-Pm, phn-izcp
], {]mWx ]rY-Kzm-m, kt-tlm,
_lp-tem, hkvXn-tc-h-cbnx ]rYn thyh
]mZm, hpc Gh thZn, tmam
\n_ln, lrZbw Kml-tXym, at\mf
\zm lm-]-N\ Bky aml-h-\obx
A-s\-bp Cu sshizm-\-c-\m-Ip Bm-hn\v
ZyptemIw aqm-hm-Ip-p. BZn-Xy Np-m-Ip-p.
hmbp {]mW-\m-Ip-p. BImiw ico-c-am-Ip-p. A- Im-cW-amb Ap-I aq{Xm-i-b-am-Ip-p. ]rYnhn ]mZ--fm-Ipp. sshizm-\-cm--I-\mb t`mm-hns Dcv kwkvI-cn-s Xd-bm-Ip-p. tcma- Z`--fm-Ip-p. lrZbw
Kml- ]-Xy- \m- Ip- p. a\v A\zm- lm- h- N-\m- Ip- p. hmbp
Bl-\-h-\o-b-\m-Ipp.

AcpW ]p{X-\mb Dm-eI

- t- \mSv ]d-p. A-tbm,
KuX-am, Av GXv Bm-hns\ D]m-kn-pp? Fp
tNmZn- p. `K-hm- \mb cmPmth ]rYnhn Xs- bm-Ipp Fv
Dm-eI
- ]d-p. Av GXv Bm-hn-s\-bmtWm D]m- ]sm]Xmw Jw
kn-p-Xv CXv {]XnjvT Fp ]d-bp Bm-hmb
XZyZv `w {]Y-a-am-K-tXv Xtm
sshizm-\-c-\m-Ip-p. AXn-\m Av {]P-I-sf-sm-pw,
aobw, kbmw {]Y-am-am-lpXnw Pqlpbm
]ip-- sf-smpw {]Xn- jT
v n-X- \m- bn-cn-p-p. Aw `nXv Xmw Pqlp-bmXv {]mWmb kzm
p-p. {]nbw ImWp-p. BcmtWm Cu Bm-hmb
tlXn, {]mW kv Xr]y-Xn.
sshizm-\-cs\ D]m-kn-p-Xv Ah Aw `npw
{]nbw ImWpw. Chs Ipe-n {_-hkw DmAns\ Ccns GXv A- amtWm Hm-a-Xmbn hcphpw. Fm Ch Bm-hns ]mZ--fm-Ipp Fv Xv AXv tlman-p-hm-\p km[-\-am-Ip-p. GXv tlmancmPmhv ]d-p. Av Fs ASp- BK-an-n-m-bn- ptm AXns\ {]mWm-b-kzmlm Fv tlman--Ww.
cpp Fn At-bpsS ]mZ- Xfp-t]m-Ip-am-bn- {]mW Xr]vX-\m-Ipw.
cpp Fp-IqSn ]d-p.

]Xn-s\mw Jw
Xm tlmhmN: GtX ssh Jep-bqbw
]rY Knth aam-m\w sshizm-\cw
hnZzmwtkm fa; bkvtXzX tajw {]m
tZi am{X-a-Zn-hn-am-\-am-m\w sshizm\
\p]mkvtX; k kthjp temtIjp kthjp
`qtXjp kth-jzm--k z--a-n.
cmPmhv ]d-p. ""\n Cu Bm-hmb sshizm-\cs\ thsd thsd F- t]mse hnNm-cn- p-sIm- mWv Aw
`n-p--Xv. Fm Bcm-tWm, C{]-Imcw {]mtZ-i-am{X\pw A`n-hn-am-\\pw Bb sshiz-\-c- \mb Bm-hns\
D]m-kn-p-p-Xv, Ah Fm temI--fnepw Fm `qX-

{]tW Xr]yXn Np-kvXr-]y-Xn, Np

jn Xr]y-Xym-ZnXy kvXr]yXn BZntXy
Xr]yXn Zyu kvXr]y-Xn, Znhn Xr]yymw
bXv In Zyu ffZnXy m[nXn
jvT XkvXXv Xr]y-Xn, Xkym\p Xr]vXnw Xr]y
Xn {]P-bm, ]ip-`n, cm-tZy\ tXP
km {_-h-tk-t\-Xn.

{]mW Xr]vX-\m-Ip-tm Npp Xr]vXn-s-Sp-p.

Npp Xr]vXn-s-Sp-tm BZn-Xy Xr]vXn-s-Sp-p.
BZn-Xy Xr]vXn-s-Sp-tm tZymhp Xr]vXn-s-Sp-p.
tZymhp Xr]vXn-s-Sp-tm tZymhpw BZn-Xy\pw GXn- s\bmtWm A[n-jvT n-X- am- p- Xv AXv Xr]vXn-s -Sp- p.
AXns Xr]vXnsb XpSv {]P-sb-smpw ]ip--sfsmpw Aw apX-em-b-Xp-sImpw tXP-p-sImpw
{_-hkw sImpw Xm\pw Xr]vX-\m-bn-o-cp-p.

244

I Ccp-]Xmw Jw
AY bmw ZznXobmw Pqlp-bmmw Pqlpbm
Zvhym\m-bb kzmtlXn; hym\kv Xr]y-Xn.
hymt\ Xr]y-Xn-t{im{Xw Xr]yXn; t{im{X
Xr]yXn N{-am-kvXr-]yXn; N{-akn
Xr]yXn Znikv Xr]yn `np Xrhyo
jp bXv Inw N Znix t{im{Xw Nm[nXn
jvTn XXv Xr]yXn; Xkym-\p-Xr]vXnw Xr]y
Xn {]Pbm ]ip-`n-c
- mtZy \ tXPkm
{_-h -tk-t \Xn

kamt\ Xr]yXn a\kv Xr]yXn; a\kn

Xr]yXn ]P\y kvXr]yXn; ]Pt\y Xr]y
Xn hnZyp-r-]yXn; hnZypXn Xr]yymw bXv
Inw hNn-Zyp ]P-\y-ivOm-[n-Xn-jvTX kvXXv
Xr]yXn; Xky\p Xr]vXnw Xr]yXn {]Pbm
]ip-`n-c
- m-tZy\ tXPkm {_-h
tkt\- Xn.

\mem- as BlqXn GXmtWm tlman- p- Xv AXns\

kam-\mb kzmlm Fv tlman--Ww. kam-\ Xr]vX-\mIpw. kam-\ Xr]vX-\m-Ip-tm a\p Xr]vX-am-Ipw.
a\p Xr]vX-am- Ip- tm ]P- \y Xr]vX-\m- Ipw. ]P- \y
cm- as BlqXn GXmtWm tlman- p-Xv AXns\ Xr]vX-\m-Ip-tm hnZypv Xr]vX- bm-Ipw. hnZypXv Xr]vXhym\mb kzml Fv tlman--Ww. hym\ Xr]vX-\m-Ip- bm-Ip-tm hnZyp-pw, ]P-\y\pw bmsXm-ns\ A[nv n-X-am-ptm AXp Xr]vX-am-Ipw.
tm t{im{Xw Xr]vX-\m- Ip-p. t{im{Xw Xr]vX-\m- Ip- tm Xn-jT
N{- Xr]vX- \m-Ipw. N{ Xr]vX-\m-Ip-tm Znp-I
Xr]vX- -fm-Ipw. Znp-I Xr]vX-\m-Ip-tm Znp-Ifpw
N{- apw bmsXm-n- s\-bmtWm A[n- jvTn-X-am- p-Xv AXv Ccp-] - n- aqmw Jw
Xr]vX-am-Ipw. AXns Xr]vXnsb XpSv {]P-sb-smAY bmw ]ao Pqlp-bmXv Xmw
pw, ]ip--sf-smpw Aw apX-em-b-Xp-sIm-pw,
Pqlp-bm-Zp-Zm-\mb kzmtl-Xn, DZm-\kv
tXP-p-sIm-pw, {_-h-kw-sImpw Xm\pw Xr]vXXr]y-Xn.
\m-bn-o-cp- p.

Ccp-] n Hmw Jw
AY bmw XrXobmw Pqlp-bmXv Xmw Pqlp
bmZ ]m\mb kzmtlXn; Ahm-\kvXr]yXn
A]mt\ Xr]yXn hmr-]yXn; hmNn
Xr]yym ankv Xr]yXn; Au Xr
]yXn ]rYnhn Xr]yXn; ]rYnhymw Xr]y
m b Inw N ]rYn-ho-Nmn m[nXn
jvTX-kvXXv Xr]y-Xn, Xkym\p Xr]vXnw Xr
]yXn {]Pbm ]ip`n cm-tZy\ tXP
km {_-h-tkm-t\-Xn.
aqm-as BlqXn bmsXmp tlman-ptm B
Blp-Xnsb A]m-\mb kzmlm Fv tlman--Ww. A]m\ Xr]vX-\m-Ipw. A]m-\ Xr]vX-\m-Ip-tm hmIp
Xr]vX-am-Ipw. hmIp Xr]vX-am-hp-tm An Xr]vX-am-hpw.
An Xr]vX-\m-hp-tm ]rYnhn Xr]vX-bm-Ipw. {]Ynhn
Xr]vX-bm-Ip-tm ]rYn-hnbpw Anbpw bmsXm-nt\
A[n-jT
v n-X-am-ptm AXp Xr]vX-am-Ipw.

Ccp-] - n-c mw Jw
AYbmw NXpnw Pqlp-bmXv Xmw Pqlp
bmXv kam-\mb kzmtlXn; kam-\kvXr]yXn

DZmt\ Xr]yXn XzIv Xr]yXn; XzNn

Xy]yymw hmbp kvXr]yXn; hm bu Xr]y
Xym Imi-kvXr-]yXn BImti Xr]yXn
bXv Inw N hmbp m ffImi m[nXn
jvTX-kvXXv Xr]y-Xn, Xkym\p Xr]vXnw Xr]y
Xn {]Pbm ]ip-`n-c
- m-tZy\ tXPkm
{_-h t-k -t\-Xn.

Am-a s BlqXn GXmtWm tlman- p- Xv

AXns\ DZm-\mb kzmlm Fv tlman- -Ww. DZm-\ Zr]vX\m-Ipw. DZm- \ Xr]vX- \m-Ip- tm Xzp Xr]vX- am-Ipw. XzIv
Xr]vX-am-Ip-tm hmbp Xr]vX- am-Ipw. hmbp Xr]vX-\m-Iptm BImiw Xr]vX-\m- Ipw. BImiw Xr]vX- am-Ip- tm
hmbphpw BIm-ihpw GsXm-n- s\-bmtWm A[n-jT
v n-X-amp-Xv AXp Xr]vX-am-Ipw.

Ccp-] - n- \ memw Jw
k b CZa hnZym-\n tlm{Xw Pqtlm-Xn,
bYm fv Kmcm-\-t]mly `kva\n Pqlpbm
Xv XmZrIv XXv kymXv
BcmtWm Cu sshizm-\c Zi\w Adn-bmsX Antlm-{Xs tlman- p- Xv Ahs B An- tlm{Xw F{]Imcw, I\- ep-I \on-bnv Nm-en tlman-ptm AXpt]m- se-bm-bn-o-cpw.

245

smw Xr]vX- am-Ipw. AXv Fm `pX- -fnepw nXn-sNp Bmhv Hm-sW- nse D]- ]- - am-I-bp- p. Bmhv
thsd thsd Ccn-p ]w AXv A\p-]-]--am-Ip-p.
AXn-\m Bm-hns GIXzw Fn-s\-bm-Wv ImWnBcmtWm C{]- Imcw Adnv An-tlm{Xw tlman- p- mw. AsXms Cu Aym-b
- n ]d-bp-p. A-tXv Ahs An-tlm{Xw Fm temI--fn-epw, Fm bpw, a\-It- bpw IY CXn ]d-bp-Xv hnZy Ghpw
`qX-- fn-epw, Fm Bm--fnepw tlman- -s--Xm- bn-o- t{ijvT-am-Wp ImWn-p-p.
cp-p.

XZy-tY-jn-Im-Xp-e-a-su t{]mXw {]
Zqtb-ssXhw lmky kth ]m]vam\x
{]Zq-bt b GX-tZhw hnZzm-\n
tlm{Xw Pqtl-Xn.
BcmtWm Cu sshizm-\c Zi\w Adnv AntKm{Xw tlman-p--Xv, Ahs Fm ]m]-fpw Anbn {]n-]X
v - amb CjoI Fp ]d-bp XrW-hn-ti-jns ]n An-bn {]n-]vX-am-bm Fn-s\bmtWm Zln-p--X,v Ans\ Zln-p-p.

XkvamZp sslhw hn`yp-Zy]n Nmem

tbmnw {]b-t-Zm-ln sslhm
ky XssZz-izm-\tc lpXw ky ZnXn, X
tZj-tmIx,
C{]-Imcw Adn- bp--h Nm-e\v Dnw sImSp-mepw, Chs B Dn-jvT-Zm\w sshizm-\-c-\mb Bmhv
tlman--s- -Xm-bn- o-cpw. B hnj-b-n Xmsg- -d- bp
tmIw Dv.

btY l p[nXm _mem amXcw ]p

]mkX Ghw khmWn `qXm-\yn
tlm{X ap]m-kX CXn. An tlm{X
ap]m-kX CXn.
GXp-{]-Imcw Cu temI-n hni-p _me-m
amXm-hns\ Npn-q-Spt\m, AXp-t]mse Fm `qX-fpw
An-tlm{Xw D]m-kn-p-p. (hn-Zzms t`mP-\-m
temIw apgp- h Xr]v X - a m- b n- o- c p- s av kmcw.)
Antlm{X-ap-]m-kX CXn Fp cp {]mhiyw ]d-ncn-p-Xv Aymbw Ah-km-\np Fp ImWn-m-\m-Wv.

Bdmw Aymbw
Hmw Jw
Cu PK-smw {_-n\nv P\n-p- Xpw {_nXs ebn-p-Xpw {_-m Pohn-p-Xpw
BsWp aqmw Aym-b-n ]d-n-p-v. {_n \np PK-p-m-hp-Xpw AXns ebn-pXpw AXp-sIm-p-Xs Pohn-p-Xpw Fns\ Fp
XpSp ]d-bp-p. Hcp hnZzm t`mP\w sNbvXm PK-

AY b GX-tZhw hnZzm-\ntlm{Xw
Pq]p-Xn, Xky, kthjp temtIjp k
thjp `qtXjp kth-jzm--kp-lpXw `hXn.

tizX-tI-Xplm fcptWb Bk; Xw

l ]ntXm-hmN- - tizX-tI-tXm, hk
{_-N-cyw, \ sshtkmaym kva
Ipeot\m \\qNy {_-_p cnh `h-coXn

Acp-Ws ]u{X-\mbn tizX-tIXp Fsm-cm Dmbn-cp-p. Ah-t\mSp ]nXmhp ]d-p. Atbm tizX-tIXp, \o {_- Ncyw ]men- q. Atbm kuaym, \psS Ipen-ep--h Ay-b\w sNmsX {_-_-p-hn-s\tmse Bbn-o-cm ]mSn-.

k l ZzmZi hj Dt]-Xy, NXphnw-iXn

hjx khm thZm-\-[oXy alm-a\m
B \qNm-\-am-\o-kvX_v[ Gbmb Xw
l ]ntXm-hmN: tizX-tI-tXm, b\p
tkmtayZw alm-am\m A\q-Nm-\a
- m\o
kvX_vt[mkn? DX X amtZi a{]m
tym, tb\m-{ipXw {ipXw `hXy aXw
aX-a-hn-mXw hnm-X -an-Xn.
tizX-tIXp ]{p hb-m-b-tm BNm-cys ASp sNp. Ccp-]
- n- \mep hb-m-b-tm- Fm tZhfpw ]Tnv al-mb a\-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\mbpw Xm
kmvK-amb thZw ]Tn-p-I-gn--h-\m-W-p A`n-am-\tmSp IqSn-b-h-\mbpw hW--an-m--h-\mbpw Krln Ign-p-Iq-Sn. Ah-t\mSv ]nXmhv ]d-p. Atbm
tizX-tI-Xp, kuaym, \o Cs\ alm-a-\-m-bpw, Xm
A-Nm- \-\m- sWp hnNm-cn-p- - h-\m- bpw, hW--an-m- h- \mbpw Ccn- p-p. AXp- sImv GXv BtZ-i-m {ihn-s- Sm- Xv {ihn- - s- -Xm- bpw, Duln- -s-Sm- Xv Duln-s--Xmbpw \n-bn--s-Sm-Xv \n-bn--s--Xmbpw
Xocp-pthm B BtZ-is imkv{X-Nm-tcym-]-tZ-i--sfsmv Adn-b-s-tS hkvXp-hns\ \o Fp-sImp
tNmZn-n?

IYw \p `Khx k BtZtim `h-XoXn

Atbm `K-hmt\ B BtZiw GXp-{]-Im-c-n-ep-Xm-Wv. tizX-tIXp tNmZn-p.

bYm tkmssay-tI\ ar]n-t-\-hw

hrbw hnmXw kyZzmNm fcw`Ww
hnImtcm \ma-t[bw; an tItXyh kXyw

246

bYm tkmssay-tI\ teml-a-Wn\m khw

teml abw hnmXw kyZzm-Nm- ffcw`
Ww hnImtcm \ma-t[bw; teml-antXy hkXyw
bYm tkmssay-tI\ \J \nIrt \khw
ImjvWm-bkw hnmXw kymZzmNm ffcw
`Ww hnImtcm \ma-t[-bw, teml-an-tXy,
h kXyw.
bYm tkmssay-tI\ \J Irt t\\
khw ImjvWm-bkw hnmXw ky
ffcw`-cWw hnImtcm \ma-t[-bw, IrjvWm
bk-an-tXyh kXyw Ghw tkmay k
BtZim `h-XoXn
Atbm kuaym, GXp {]Im-c-sa-m Hcp ar]n
w sImv arns hnIm-c-am-bn-p--sXmw Adn-b-s-Xm-bn-o-cp-p. hnIm-c-sap ]d-bp-Xv hmns\ B{ibn-p \ma-t[bw am{X-am-bn-cn-p-p. arnI Fp-Xp-Xs kXy-am-bn-p--Xm-Ip-p. Atbm kuaym, Hcp
kph-]nw sImv kph-am-bn-p--sXmw Adnb-s--Xm-bn-o-cpw. hnIm-c-sa-p-Xv hmns\ B{i-bnn-cn-p-p. kphw Fp--Xp-Xs kXy-am-bn-p-Xm-Ip-p. Atbm kuaym Fns\ Fm Hcp \Jw
hmn-smv Imcn-cp-p-sIm-p--sXmw Adn-b-s--Xmbn-o-cp- p. hnIm-c-sa- p-Xv hmns\ B{i-bn-p
\ma-t[-b-am-Ip-p. Imcn-cp-s-pXp kXy-am-bn-p-Xp
Xs- bm-bn-cp-p. Atbm kuaym, B BtZiw C-s\bm-Ip-p.

\ ssh \q\w `K-h-kvX G XZ-thZn

jpx btZy XZ thZn-jy IYw taXm
hy-n-Xn, `Khmw kvtXzh-ta-XZv
{_ho-Xzn-Xn, XYm tkmtayXn tlmhmN

IpXkvXp Jep tkmssayhw kyZnXn

tlmhmN; IY akXx kn-tb-tX-Xn,
ktzh tkmtay-Z-a{K Bko-tZI
tahm-Zzn-Xo- bw.
Atbm kuaym, GXp {]am-W-n \nmWv C{]Imcw kw`-hn-p-Xv? BNm-cy tNmZn-p. Ak-n
\nv kv Fn- s\-bp- mIpw? Fpw ]d-p. Atbm
kuaym, Cu PK-vapv GIw Xs-bm-bp--Xpw, AZznXo-bhpw Bb kp-am-{X-am-bn-cp-p.

XssZ X _lpkymw {]Pm-tb-tb-Xn,

X-tPm-fkr-PX XXv tXP sFXv
_lp kymw {]Pm-tb-tbXn; XZt]m fkr
PX, Xkvam-Zy-{X-IzN timNXn tkzZtX
hm ]pcp-j-kvtX-Pk Gh XZ-[ymt]m
Pmbt
B kv F\np ]e-Xm-IWw F\np {]P-\n-- Ww.
Fv Zi\w sNbvXp. B kv tXP-ns\ krjvSn-p.
B tXPv F\np ]e-Xm-bn- o-cWw; {]P-\n-Ww Fns\ Zi\w sNbvXp. B tXPv Ap-Isf krjvTn-p.
AXn-\m Ftm-gmtWm ]pcp-j kwX-]n- p-I-tbm, tkzZntbm sNp-Xv Atm tXP-n \np-Xs ApI P\n-p-p.

Xm B] sF _lzyx kyma
{]Pmtb alo-Xn, Xm A-a-kr-P-,
Xkvam-Zy-{X-Iz-jN hj-Xn, XtZh
`qbn-jvT-aw `hXn BZv`y Gh
XZ-[y-mZyw Pmb-tX.

`K-hm-m-cmb Fs Kpcp- Ap ]d Cu
hkvXp-hs\ Adn-n-n-. Fs-m CXp Adn-n-pm-bn- cpp Fn F\np ]d- p-X-cm- Xn- cp--sX- n-s\bmWv? `K-hm Xs F\nv AXp ]d-p-X-m-epw.
Fv tizX-tIXp ]d-p. Atbm ku-\ym, An-s\-bmIs Fv ]nXmhv ]d-p.

B Ap-I \apv ]e-Xm-I-Ww, {]P-\n-Ww Fv

Cun-p. Ah {]Yn-ho-cp-]-amb Aw krn-p. AXv
Fhn-sS-bmtWm hjn-p-Xv Ahn-sS-s A[n-I-amb
Aw Dm-Ip-p. B AmZyw Ap-I-fn \np-Xs
Dm-Ip-p.

cmw Jw

aqmw Jw

kztZh tkmtay Za{K Bko-tZI tahm

ZznXobw; XssI Blpc k tZthZ
a{K Bko-tZI tahm-Zzn-Xobw; XkvamZ
kXx km-bX

Atbm kuaym, CXv apv kPm-Xo-b-ambn thsd Hnm-Xpw hnPm-Xo-b- ambn thsdm- n-m-Xpw Bb kpam{Xw Bbn-cp-p. Bhn-j-b
- n Hcp Iq ]d-bp-p.
CXv ap]v GIw-am-{X-am-bn-p-Xpw AZzn-Xo-b-hp-amb Akp-X- s- bm-Ip-p. B Ak-n \nv kv Dm-bn.

tXjmw J tezjmw `qXm\mw {XotWyh

_oPm\n `h-y-Pw PohP apZv
`n-an-Xn.

247

Cu `qX-v A-n \np P\n- -X,v Poh- \n

\np P\n--Xv, DZv`n-n \np P\n-Xv Cs\ aqp
am{Xsa _nP--fp-q.

tkbw tZh-ssX-X lm-lan

amkvXnt{km tZhXm At\\ Poh
t\m ff\m \p{]-hniy \ma-cpt]
hymI-c -hm-Wn- Xn.
Cu tZhX Rm Cu aqp tZh-X-I-fn Cu Poh-\mIp Bm-hp-sImv A\p-{]-hn-in-nv \ma-tbpw cq]tbpw hymI-cnmw Fv Cun-p.

Xmkmw {XhrXw {Xnhr-Xt- a-ssIImw

Ic-hm-Wo-Xn, tkbw tZhtX amkvXn
t{km tZhXm At\-ss\h Poth\m
ff\m f\p{]-hniy \ma-cpt] hymItcmXv
B tZh-X-I-fn Hmtcm-n-t\bpw apq-p-]n-W-bp-Xmmw Fv Cun-nv An-s\-bp kZm-n-I-bmb
Cu tZhX tXP-p-ap-X-emb Cu aqp tZh-X-I-fn, Cu
Poh-\m-Ip Bm-hp-sIm-p-Xs A\p-{]-th-inv \macq-]- shfn-s-Sp-n.

Xmkmw {XnhrXw {Xnhr-Xta ssI

Ima Itcm-Xv, bYm Xp Jep tkmtay
am tZhXm kv{Xn hr{n hrtZ
ssIIm-`h
- Xn Xt hnPm\o loXn.

bZm-Zn-Xyky tcmlnXw cq]w, tXP

kkvX{- Zp]w; bq-w, XZ-]mw,
bXv IrjvWw XZ-ky; A]m-KmZm
ZnXyXzw; hmNm ffcw`Ww hnImtcm
\ma-t[-bw, {XoWn cp]m-WotXy hkXyw
b-{-atkm tcmlnXw cq]w, tXP
kkvX{- Zp]w; bqw XZ-]mw, b
rjvWw XZ-ky; A]m-Km--{--{Xzw
hmNm ffcw`Ww hnImtcm \ma-t[-bw,
{XoWn cp]m-W o-tXy-h-k-Xyw.

b ZznZyptXm tcmlnXw cq]w, tXP-kkvX

{Zp]w bbvOqw XZ ]mw bIrjvWw
X Z-ky, A]m-Km-Zzn-ZyptXm hnZypzw
hmNm ffcw`Ww hnImtcm \ma- -t[bw
{XoWn-c p-]m-Wo-tXyh kXyw
BZn-Xys tcmln-X-amb cq]w GtXm AXv tXP-ns
cq]-am-Ipp. ip-amb cq]-tatXm AXv Ap-If
- psS cq]am-Ip-p. IrjvWamb cq]-tatXm AXv A-ns cq]am-Ip-p. BZn-Xy-\n \nv BZn-XyXzw t]mbn. hmns\
B{i-bn- p \ma-t[-b-am- Ip- p. aqp cq]- Fp- Xv
kXy-am-bn-p-Xv am{X-am-Ip-p.

N{s Nph cq]w GtXm AXv tXP-ns cq]-amIpp. ip-am-bn-p--tXtXm AXv Ap-I-fpsS cq]-am-IpB tXPp apX-emb tZh-X-I-fn Htcm-n-t\bpw apn- p. Ir-jW
v am-bn-p--tXtXm AXv A- ns cq]-am-IpWn-bm-n-Xop. Atbm kuaym, Fm F-s\- p. N{-\n \nv N{Xzw t]mIp-p. hnIm-c-sa-Xv
bmtWm Cu aqp tZh-X-I Hmtcmpw apn-Wn-bmbn Ccn- hmns\ B{i-bn-p \ma-t[-b- am-Ip- p. aqp cq]-
pXv A{]-Imcw Fs ASp- \nv Adn-p- sIm- p. Fp-Xv am{Xw kXy-am-bn-p--Xm-Ip-p.
Fv BcpWn ]d-p.
hnZyp-ns tcmln-X-amb cq]w GtXm AXv tXPns cq]-am- Ip-p. ip-amb cq]-tatXm AXv Ap-I-fpsS
cq]-am-Ip-p. IrjvW-amb cq]-tatXm AXv A-ns
\memw Jw
cq]-am-Ip-p. hnZyp-s-p cq]w A]-K-an-p. hnIm-c-sabZ-t-tcm-lnXp cp]w tXP-k-kvX-{Zp]w;
Xv hmns\ B{i-bn-p \ma-t[-b-am- Ip-p. aqp cq]bqw XZ ]mw; bXv IrjvWw XZ
Fp-Xv am{Xw kXy-am-bn-p--Xm-Ip-p.

ky, A]m-Km-Z-t-c-nXzw hmNm

ffcw`Ww hnImtcm \ma-t[bw {Xo
Wncp-]m-Wo-tXyh kXyw
An-bpsS tcmln-X-amb cq]w GtXm AXv tXP-ns
cq]-am-Ip-p. ip-amb cq]w GtXm AXv Ap-I-fpsS cq]am-Ip-p. IrjvWmb cq]-tatXm AXv A- ns cq]-amIp- p. An- b n \nv An Fp Ah
s]mbvtm-Ipp. hnIm-c-sa-Xv hmns\ B{i-bn-p
\ma-t[-b-am-Ip-p. aqp-cq-]- Fp--Xp-am{Xw kXyam-bn-p-- Xm-Ip- p.

GX-kva-ssh-X-Zzn-Zzmwk Blpx
]qth alm-imem alm t{im{Xnbm
\t\mf Zy Im\m {ipX aa-X-ahn
mX apZm lcn-jy-XoXn tlymt`ym
hnZmw N{Ipx
A-s\-bp Cu {Xnhr-c-Ws Adn-n-p
Ign-p-t]mb alm-im-en-If
- mb alm-t{im-{Xn-b-m ]dn-p-v. Ctm \psS Ipe-n Hcp-ht]mepw
{ihn--s-Sm--Xn-t\-tbm, a\\w sN-s-Sm--Xn-t\tbm

248

I DZm-l-cn--bn-. Fs-m tcmln-XmZn cq]--fn\nv

Ah AXv Adn-p.

bZp tcmln X anhm-`q-Zn-Xn, tXP-k-kX

{Zp]-anXn XZzn Zmw N{Ipx bZp ip
anhm-`q-Zn-Xy]mw cq]-anXn XZznZmw
N{Ipx bZp-IrjvW anhm-`q-Zn-Xy--ky-cq]
anXn XZznXmw N{Ipx
bZz hnm-Xa
- n-hm-`q-Zn-tXy-Xm-k mta
h tZh Xm\mw kamk CXn XZznZmw
N{Ipx bYm Jep \p tkmtay-amkvXn
t{km tZhXmx ]pcpjw {]m]y-{Xn-hrXv
{XnhrtZ ssIIm `hXn Xw hnPm \o loXn
GXp cq]-amtWm tcmlnXw t]mse tXmn-bXv AXv
tXP-ns cq]-am-Ipp Fv Ah Adn-p. GXmtWm
ip-sa--t]mse Ahv tXmn-bXv AXv Ap-If
- psS
cq]-sav Ah Adn-p. GsXmcp cq]-amtWm IrjvWw
t]mse tXmn-bXv AXv A-ns cq]- sav Ah Adnp. GXmtWm C-sXp Xncn--dn-bm ]mSn-m--Xpt]mse tXmn-b-Xv, AXv Cu tZh-X-If
- psS kap-Zm-b-sav
Adn-p. Atbm kuaym, GXp-{]-Im-c-amtWm Cu aqp
tZh-X-I ]pcp-js\ {]]n-nv Htcmpw apq-w-i-ap-Xmbn Xocp-Xv AXv Fs ASp- \n-dn-p-sImp-I.

Amw Jw
A-a-inXw t{X[m-hn-[n-btX; Xkybx
]njvtTm [mXp kvXXv ]pcojw `hXn
tbm ay-a-kvX-mw-kw, tbmfWnjvTkvX \x

tXtPm-inXw t{X[m hn[o-b-tX, Xky

bx hnjvtTm [m XpkvXZ n`-hXn-,
tbm a[yax ka-m, tbm fWnjvT x
kmhm-I v.

`n--s tXPv aqp-{]-Im-c-n hn`--am-bno- c p- p. tXP- ns Ghpw eq-a mb Awiw

GXmtWm AXv An-bm-bn-o-cp-p. a[y-a-amb Awiw
GtXm AXp a BIp-p. Ghpw AWp-hm-bn-p-tXtXm AXp hmm-Ip-p.

A-abw ln tkmay-a-\, Bt]m

abx {]mW-kvtX-tPm-abo hmK-Xn, `qb
Gham `K-hm hnm-]b XznXn,
XYm, tkmtayXn tlm hmN
Atbm kuaym, a\v A- a-b-am-Ip-p. {]mW Pea-b-am-Ip-p. hmv tXtPm-a-bn-bm-Ip-p. Fv BcpWn ]dp. `K-hm-\mb Av hopw F\nv a\-n-em-n-cn-I. Fv tizX-tIXp At]-np. Atbm kuaym As\-bm-Is Fp ]nXmhv ]d-p.

Bdmw Jw
Z[v\x tkmay, aYy am\ky tbmfWnam
k Duzx kapZojXn; XXv kn`hXn
Atbm kuaym, aYn--s-Sp Z[n-bpsS AWp-hmb
Awiw GtXm AXv tatm-mbn Hp tNv s]mpp. AXv kn-m-bn-o-cp-p.

Gh-tah Jep tkmaym-ky iyam-\ky

tbm fWnamk Duzx kap-Zn-j-Xn,
Xt\m `h-Xn.

Atbm kuaym, Cs\ Xs Ain- - s- Sp Ans

Aap-hmb Awiw GtXm AXv taevt]mv Hcp-anp
`n- -s Aw aqp {]Im- c- n Bbn- o-cp-p.
AXns Ghpw e-amb Awiw GtXm AXv ]pco-j-am- s]mp-p. AXp a\-m-bn-o-cp-p.
bn-o-cp-p. a[y-a-amb Awiw GtXm AXp amwk-am-bnA]mw tkmay, ]ob-am-\m\mw tbmf
o-cp-p. Ghpw sNdnb Awiw GtXm AXv a\-m-bnWnam k Duzx kap-Zo-j-Xn, k
o-cp- p.

{]mtWm `h-Xn.

B]x ]oXm kvt{X[m hn[o-b-t, XmUmw

bw hnjvtTm [mXp-kvX
- q{Xw `hXn;
tbm a[y-a-kvX-mw-kw, tbm fWnjvTx k
{]mWx

Atbm kuaym, ]m\w sN-s-Sp Ap-If

- psS
AWp-hmb Awiw GtXm AXv tat]mp s]mp-p.
AXp {]mW-\m-bn-o-cp-p.

tXPkx tkmay-iy-am-\ky tbmfWnam

k Duzx kap-Zo-jXn; kmhmKv `h-Xn.

]m\w sN-s Ap-I aqp hn[-n Bbn-ocp-p. Ah-bpsS Ghpw qe-amb Awiw GtXm AXv
Atbm kuaym, Ain--s-Sp tXP-ns AWpaq{X-am- bn-o-cp-p. Ghpw sNdp-Xm-bn- p Awiw GtXm hmb Awiw GtXm AXv tat]mp s]mp-p. AXv
AXv {]mW-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
hmm-bn- o-cp-p.

249

A-abw ln tkmay a\, Bt]m-abx

{]mW, kvtXtPm-abo hmKnXn; `qb
Gh am `K-hm hnm-]-b-XznXn;
XYm tkmtayXn tlmhmN
Atbm kuaym, a\v A-a-b-am-Ip- p. {]mW Pea- b-\m-Ip- p. hmv tXtPm-a-bn- bm-Ip-p. Fv BcpWn ]dp. `K-hm-\mb Av hopw F\np a\-n-em-n-cq. Fp tizX-tIXp At]-n-p. Atbm kuay Ans\- bm-I-s .

Ggmw Jw
tjmU iIex tkmay ]pcpjx, ]
Z-im-lm-\nam fiox Ima-a]x
]n_mff-t]m-abx {]mtWm \ ]n
_tXm hntyX CXn.
Atbm kuaym, ]pcp-j ]Xn-\mdp Ie-I-tfmSp IqSnb-h-\m-Ip-p. ]Xn-\p Znh- ktv \o `Ww Ign- mXn-cn-q. C-t]mse Pew ]m\w sNbvXp-sIm-q. ]m\w
sNm--h\v Pe-a-b\
- mb {]mW hntZw {]m]npw
Fv ]nXmhv ]d-p.

k l ]-Zi
- m-lm\n \m ffi; AY
ssl\ ap]m-k-kmZ: Inw{_-hoan
t`m CXn; ENx tkmay-b-Pqwjn
kmam \oXn ktlm-hm-b, \ ssh am
{]Xn-`mn t`m CXn.
Ah ]Xn-\p Znh-k-tbvp `Ww Ign-n. ]nXm-hns ASp- sNp. ""Atbm ]nXmth Rm
Fp ]d-bWw'' Fp tNmZnp ""EXp--tfbpw, bPq-pI-tf-bpw, kma--tfbpw'' Fp ]nXmhp ]d-p. AXptIv tizX-tIXp ""Atbm ]nXmth F\np tXmp-n''
Fp ]d-p.

Xw tlm hmN: bYm tkmay, al

tXm f`ymln Xssky tIm fvKm
cx JtZym Xam{Xx ]cn-inx kym
Xv, tX\ XtXm ]n\ _lp-Z-tlXv
Ghw tkmay, tX tjmU-im\mw
Iem \mtaIm Iem fXnin-jvTm-kymXv;
Xssb Xln-th-Zm \m\p `hkn;
Aim-\m, Y ta hnmky koXn.
tizX-tI-Xp-hn- t\mSv ]nXmhp ]dp: Atbm kuaym,
Fns\ al-mb hnd-Inp hf-nb An-bpsS anman-\p-n-t\m-f-ap Hcp I\ ]cn-in--am-bn-cn-ptm B

sNdnb I\sImv AXn-t\-m IqSp-X-embn Zln-mXv Fn-s\-bmtWm AXp-t]mse \ns ]Xn-\mdp IeI- fn Hv tijn-n-cn- pw. B Ie- sImv Ctm \o thZ Adn-bp-n-. \o `Ww Ign-q. ]ns Fs
hmn \nv \n\v a\-n-em-mw.

k lm ffimY ssl\ ap] kmZ

Xw l bXv InwN ]{]-, kh
l {]Xnt] tZ
tizX-tIXp `Ww Ign-p. A\-cw ]nXm- hns ASp sNv Ah-t\mSv Fsmw ]nXmhv tNmZn-pthm
AXns\ Fmw Ah Adn-n-cp-p.

bYm tkmay altXmf `ymlnX

sskyI avKmcw JtZym-X-am{Xw
]cn-inw Xw XrssW-cp] kam-[mb
{]mPze tbXv tX\ XtXmf ]n _
lpZtl tZhw tkmay, tX tjmUim
\mw Iem-\m-taIm Iem fXninm f `q
Xv; km f t t\m] kam-lnXm {]m
Pzeo-Xv. Xssb Xln thZ-\-\p-`hkn.
Atbm kuaym, GXp {]Im-c -a mtWm hnd-I np
hfn- bn-p henb XobpsS tijn-n-p anm-an-\pn-t\m-f-ap Hcp I\]p-p-I Iqn {]Pz-en-nv ap]nes Ag-en \np IqSp-X-embn Zln-n-p--Xp-t]mse
\ns ]Xn-\mdp Ie-I-fn Hcp Ie Ah-ti-jn-n-cp-p. B
Ie A-m- hfn {]Pz-en-n-q. B Ie-sImv
Ctm \o thZ-sf A\p-`-hn-p-p.

A abw ln tkmay, a\, Bt]m

abx {]mW-kvtXtPm abo-hm-KnXn
Xmky hnP-m-hn-X n, hnPmhnXn.
Atbm kuaym, a\v A- a-bs
- av kn-am-b-tm.
{]mW Pe-a-b\
- m-Ip-p. hmv tXtPm-a-bn-bm-Ip-p.
]nXmhv ]d-p. ]nXm-hns B hN\w tizX-tIXp a\-nem-n.

Fmw Jw
Dm-etIm lm ffcpWnx tizX-tIXpw
]p{X-ap-hmN, kz]v\mw ta tkmaym,
hnPm-\o-loXn b ss{X Xcv ]pcpjx
kz]nXn \ma kXm tkmay XZm k
tm `h-Xn, kza-]otXm `h-Xn, X
kvamtZ\w kz]n-XoXym N-tX, kzwly
]otXm `h-Xn.

250

Acp-W]
- p-{X-\mb Dm-eI
- ]p{X-\mb tizX-tI-Xp-hnt\mSp ]d-p. Atbm kuaym, Fs hN- \- n \np
kz]v\m-s Adnbq Fp ]d-p. Atbm kuaym,
GXp Ime-n ]pcp-j kz]n-p-p. F t]cp--XmIp-tm, Atm ksp ]d-bp tZh-X-tbmSv GIo-`qX-\mbn `hn-p-p. kz- cq-]s XncnsI {]m]n--h-\mbn
`hn- p- p. AXn-\m Ch- s\-n kz]n- pp Fp euInI-m ]d-bp- p. Fp-s Im-s-m kz-cq-]s
XncnsI {]m]n-h
- \
- m-bn-o-cp-p.

k bYm, iIpXnx kqt{XW {]_-tm,

Zniw Zniw, ]XnXzm f\y{Xm ffbX\
ae _v[zm _ \tathm ]{i-bX
Gh-tah Jep tkmay, Xt\m Zn
iw Zniw ]Xn-Xzm-f\y{Xm ffbX-\a
e_v[zm, {]mW-tathm ]{i-btX;
{]mW-_-\w ln tkmay a\ CXn.

; kqemx tkmtayamx {]Px

kZm-b-X\mx kXv{]-X njvTmx

B ico-c-n\v Aw Hgnv aqew FhnsS DmIpw?

kuaym, Cs\ A-am-Ip iqKvw sImv Ans aqe-amb Ap-Ise a\-n-em-q. kuaym, ApI-fm-Ip iqKvw sImv aqe-amb tXPv Adn-bq.
kuaym, tXP- m- Ip iqKvw sImv aqe-amb kns\
Adn-bq. Atbm kuaym, Cu {]P-Is
- fmw km-Ip
aqe-tmSp IqSn-bh
- bpw km-Ip Bb-X- \-tm-Sp-IqSn-b-hbpw km-Ip {]Xn-jT
v -tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bhpw BIp-p.

AY bss{X-XXv ]pcpjx ]n]m-kXn

\ma, tXP Gh-X-Xv]oXw \btX;
XZy-Ym, tKm\mtbm fiz\mbx ]pcp-j\m
b CtXyhw XtP BN DZ
t\yXn, Xss{X-Xt- Zh ipvK ap]
XnXw tkmay hnPm-\o-ln, t\Z-a-aqew

GXp {]Im-c-amtWm Nc-Sp-sImv _n--s ]n,

`hn-jy-X o-Xn.
Htcm Znnepw NmSn-tmbn asm-cn-Sv hn{i-a-m\w e`nm-sX, _-\
-\-s-Xs B{i-bn-p-tm, AXpFtm-gmtWm ]pcp-j ]m\w sNm Cn-p-Xv
t]mse B a\v Htcm Znnepw NmSn-tmbn ad-sdm-cn-Sv B ]pcp- j ]m\w sNbzm Cn- pp Fp ]d- bm-dpv.
hn{i- a-m\w e`n-msX {]mW-s\-Xs hv B{i-bn-p- ]m\w sN- s--Xns\ tXPp \bn- p- p. AXn-\m GXp
p. Fp-sIm-s- m Atbm kuaym, a\v {]mW{]Im-c-n tKm\m- b ]pcp-j Fp ]d-bptm A{]\m-Ip _-\-m-\-tmSp IqSn-b-Xm-Ip-p.
Imcw tXP-ns\ DZ\y Fv temIw ]d-bp-p. An-s\Ai-\m]n ]mtkta tkmay hnPm\o
bn-cns Atbm skuaym, Cu ico-cw-Xs DZvK-an-np Awp-c-sav Adnbq. CXv aqe-an-m--Xmbn `hn-loXn bss{X XXv ]pcptjm finin-jXn
bn- .
\mam ff] Gh XZ-inXw \b-t, X

ZyYm tKm\mtbm fizm\mbx ]pcp-j\m

b CtXyhw XZ] BN-tX i\m
tbXn Xss{X-XO
- qvK ap]-XnXw
tkmay, hnPm-\oln t\Z-a-aqew `hnjyXo-Xn.
Atbm kuaym, Fs hN-\
- n \np Aitbpw ]n]m-k-tbbpw Adn-bp. Fv Dm-e-I ]d-p.
Ftm-gmtWm ]pcp-j Ain-p-hm Cn-pp Fp
]d- bp- - Xv, Atm Ain- -s- -Xns\ Ap- I Xs \bnp-p. GXp-{]-Imcw tKm\m-b, Aiz-\m-b, ]pcp-j-\mb Fp ]d-bptm A{]-Imcw Atm Ap- Isf Ai\mb Fp euIo-I-m ]d-bp-p. An-s\-bn-cn--bm
DZvK-X-am-bn-cn-p Cu ico-c-am-Ip Ap-c-s, kuaym,
\o Adn-bq. Cu icocw aqe-an-m--Xmbn `hn--bn-.

Xky Iz aqew kymZ--{Xm-m? Gh

tah Jep tkmay t \iq-vtK\m
t]m aqe a\zn; AZv`nx tkmay,
ipvtK\ tXtPm-aqe a\zn-, tX
Pkm tkmay ipv tK\ kq-e-a\zn

Xky Iz aqew kymZ-\y-{Xm-Zn-t`ymfZv`nx

tkmay; ipvtK\ tXtPm aqe-a-\zn-,
tXPkm tkmay, ipvtK\ kqe
a\zn; kqemx tkmtayamx khx
{]Px kam-b-X\mx k{]-XnjvTmx b
Ym\p Jep tkymtay-am-kvXnt{km tZhXmx
]pcpjw {]m]y-{Xn-hrXv {Xnhr-tZ-s sIIm
`hXn XZpw ]pckvXm tZh `h-Xn,
Aky tkmay, ]pcp-jky {]b-tXm-hmv
a\kn k-Zy-tX, a\x {]mW-kvtX-Pkn
tXPx ]ckymw tZh Xmbmw
B ico-c-n\v Ap-I-f-msX aqew FhnsS Dm-Ipw.
kuaym, Ap-I-fm-Ip irvKw sImv aqe-amb tXPv
Adn-bq. kuaym, tXP-m-Ip ipvKw sImv aqe-amb
kns\ Adn-bq. Atbm kuaym, Cu {]P-Is
- fmw
km-Ip aqe-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hbpw km-Ip Bb-X\-tmSp IqSn-bh
- bpw km-Ip {]Xn-jvT-tbmSp IqSn-

251

I bhpw BIp-p. kuaym, GXp {]Im-c-amtWm tXPp apXemb Cu aqp tZh-X-I Hmscmpw ]pcp-js\ {]m]nv
apq-p-hn-[-ambn Xocp--sXv t\cs ]dnp-v.
kuaym-tZlw hnp-t]m- Ip Cu ]pcp-js hmv a\-n
GIo-`-hn-p-p. a\v {]mW-\n GIo-`-hn-p-p. tXPp-]c
- -bmb tZh-X-bn GIo-`-hn-p-p.

k b Gtjm Wnssa-X-Zmy anZw khx

X-Xyw, k Bm, XXv Xzakn tizX
tItXm CXn. `qb Gh am `K-hm
hnm-\-]b
- -XznXn bYm-tkmtay XntlmhmN.
PK-ns aqe-amb AWpXzw GtXm AXv Cu PKs-m-am-Ipp Bm-thm-Sp-Iq-Snb Ah-bm-Ip-p.
AXp-Xs kXy-am-bn-p--Xm-I p- p. AXp-X s PKns Bm-hm-Ip-p. Atbm tizX-tI-tXm, AXv
\obmIpp Fv BcpWn ]d-p. ]qPy-\mb Av
hopw F\np a\-n-em-n--cq. tizX-tIXp At]-np. skuaym, A-s\-bm-Is Fv Dm-e-I ]d-p.

H]Xmw Jw
bYm tkmay a[p a[p IrtXm \nkvXnjvT
n \m\m-Xy-bm\mw hrmWmw c
km ka-h-lmc ta IrXmw ckm
Ka-bn; tX bYm X{X\ hnthIw e`
t apjymlw hr-ky-ktcm fkvanXn;
Gh-tah Jep-tkm-ayamx khmx
{]Pmx kXn kZy \ hnZpx kXn
kZy al CXn.
Atbm kuaym, tX\o- - I a[p Xm]- c ytmSpIqSn \njv]m-Znp \m\m-K-Xn-I-fmb hr--fpsS
ck-sf GIo-Ic
- n-nv Hs-p Ah {]m]n-nptm A{]-Imcw B ck- B a[p-hn Rm C
hr- ns ck-am-Ip- p. hnth-N n-n-p m\w
e`np-n-. kuaym, C-s\-Xs Cu {]P-Is
- fmw
kn GIo-`-hnp kn GIo-`-hn-pp Fv \mw
Adn-bp- n- .

X Cl hymt{Lm-hmknw tlm hm hrtIm

hm hcmtlm hmIo tSm hm ]Xw
tKm hm Zwtim hm aitIm hm bZy
Zv`n XZm-`-hn
Ah Cu temI-n hym{Lm-tam, lwk-tam, sNmtbm, hcm-ltam, IoStam ]mtbm Cu-tbm, sImXp-tIm,
GsXmw Bbn- o-cp-pthm Xncn-p- hv AsXmw Xsbm-bn-o-cp-p.

k b Gtjm fWnssa, XmZm--anZw

khw XXv, kXyw k Bm XXv Xz
akn tizX tItXm CXn-`qb Gh,
am `K-hm hnm-]-b-XznXn XYm
tkmtay Xntlm hmN

PK-ns aqe-amb Cu AWpXzw GtXm, Cu PKsmw AXm- Ip Bm-thm- Sp-Iq-Snb Ah--bm-Ip-p.

AXp- Xs kXy-am- bn-p--Xm- Ip-p. AXp- Xs PK- ns
Bm- hm-Ip-p. Atbm tizX-tI-tXm, AXp \obm-Ip-p.
Fv BcpWn ]d-p. ]qPy-\mb Av hopw F\np
a\-n-em-n- -cnI Fv tizX-tIXp At]-n-p. kuaym,
A-s\- bm- Is Fv Dm-e- I ]d-p.

]mw Jw
Camx tkmay, \`yx ]pc-kvXm {]mNyx
kyt; ]mXv {]mXoNyx Xmx
kap-{ZmXv kap-{Z-ta-hm-]n-bn; k k
ap{Z Gh `hXn Xm bYm X{X \
hnZp-cnb al-a-kvaob al-a-kvXoXn
Gh-tah Jep tkmtayamx khmx
{]Pmx kX BKay \ hnZpx k
X BK-m-al CXn
Atbm kuaym, Cu Ing-tmp t]mIp \Zn-I
Ingt Znn-tev Hgp-Ip-p. ]Sn-m-tdmp t]mIp-h
]Sn-m-tdmv Hgp-Ip-p. Ah kap-{Z-n \np-mbn
kap-{Z-ns ebn-p-p. AXv kap{Zw Xs- bm-bno-cp-p. B \Zn-I Fn-s\-bmtWm Rm C \Znbm-Ipp Rm C-\-Zn-bm-Ipp Fv Ah Adn-bp-nm. Cu {]P-I-sfmw kn \np hnv \mw kn
\np hcpp Fv Adn-bp-n-.

X C l hymt{Lm hm knwtlm hm
hrtIm hm hcmtlm hm IotSm hm
]Xw ftKm hm aitIm hm bZyZv
`hn XZm-`-hn
k b Gtjm f Wn ssaX-Zm-y-anZw
khw XXv kXyw k Bm XXv
Xzakn tizX tItXm CXn `qb
Gh am `K-hm hnm-]mb
XznXn XYm tkymtayXn tlmhmN
X Cl hymt{Lmhm CXym-Xn-bpsS hymJym\w apn-et-tmse Xs-bm-Ip-p. ]nXm-hs hN\w tI-Xn-\p-

252

I tijw tizX-tIXp ]d-p, temI-n, Pe-n, hoNnX-cw-Kw, t^\w, _pZv_pZw apX-em-bh Dm-Ip-Ibpw ImcW-cq]w {]m]np \in-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Fm Poh Znhkw tXmdpw kpjp-]vXn-bn-epw, ac-W-n-epw, {]fb-nepw AXns Imc-W-ns Ah-sb {]m]n-psIm- n-c p-npw \in- m-Xn-c n- p--X -n-s \-b m-W v
Zrmw sImv F\np ImWn-p-X-cWw CXp tIp
]nXmhv As\ BIs Fp k-Xn-p.

]Xn- s \mmw Jw

]{mw Jw

Aky tkmay altXm hrky tbm

aqte f`yml-\ym-o-h {kth-Xv,
tbmat[y f`yml-\ym-o-h {kth-Xv,
tbm ft{K f`ym l\ym-o-h {kth-Xv,
k Gj Poh\m ff\m f\p {]`qXx
t]]o-b-amt\m tamZ-amt\m kvXnjvTXn
Atbm kuaym, Cu al-mb hr-ns aqen Bsc-nepw shp-I-bm-W-n Pohn-n-cp Id Henpw. Bsc-nepw a[y-n shp-I-bm-W-n Pohn-ncpv Id H-enpw. Bsc-nepw Av shp-I-bm-W-n
Pohn-n-cpp Id Hen-pw. A-s\-bp Cu hrw
Poh-\m-Ip Bm-hn-\m A\p-hym-]vX-am-bnv ]m\w
sNbvXp-sImv tamZn-p-\n-evp-p.

Aky-b-tZImw imJmw Pothm Plm

XyY km ipjyXn; ZznXobmw PlmXy
Y km ipjyXn; XrXobmw Clm-XyY
kmip-jyXn; khw PlmXn khx ipjyXn
Cu hr-ns Hcp imJ Poh Ftmhn-Sppthm Atm B imJ DW-p-p. cm-as
imJsb Ftm hnSp-pthm Atm AXv DW-p-p.
apgp-h hr- s-s Ftm hnSp- pthm Atm
apgp-h hrhpw DW-n-tm-Ip-p.

Gh-tah Jep tkmay, hnoXn

tlm hmN Pohm-t]Xw hmh
InteZw {anb-tX, \ Pothm {]nbX
CXn. k b Gtjmf Wnssa XZmy
anZw khw X-Xyw, k Bm, XXv
Xzakn tizX-tI-tXm, CXn `qb Gh
am `K-hm hnm-]-b-XznXn XYm
tkmayXn tlmhmN
Atbm tkmaym, CXp-t]m-se-Xs Poh- \m hnap-amb Cu icocw Xs acn-p-p. Po-h acn-p-p-.
Fv Adnbq Fv Dm-e-I ]d-p. Poh \nXy-am-Ip-

p. PK-ns aqe-amb ksp ]d-bp AWp-`m-hta-tXm, AXp Cu PK-ns Fmw Bm-hm- bn-cn-p-p.
AXp kXy-am-bn-cn-p-p. Atbm tizX-tI-tXm, AXp \o
Xs-bm-Ip- p. ]nXmhv ]d- -Xp-tI tizX-tIXp ]d-p.
AXy-- q-ehpw \ma-cq-]--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xpamb PKv
AXyw kqva-hpw \ma-cq] cln- -hp-amb kn \nv
Dm-Ip--sX-n-s\-sbv F\np a\-n-em-n--c-Ww.
An-s\-bm-Is Fv Dm-e-I ]d-p.

\yt{Km-[-^-e-aX Bl-tc-Xn. CZw `K

h CXn. `nv[oXn `nw `Kh CXn
Ina{X ]iy koXn. AWzy Cth am
[m\m `Kh CXn. Bkmaw ssKImw
`nMv[o-Xn. `nw `Kh CXn. Ina{X
]iy-koXn \Inw N \ `Kh CXn
\y t{Im[-ns (t]-cm-en-s) Hcp ^ew sImp-h-cq.
Fv Dm-e-I ]d-p. AXp s]mnp ]nXmhv Bh-iys-p. AXp s]mn-p. `K-hm-t\, Atm ChnsS \o FpIm-Wpp? Fp ]nXmhv tNmZn-p. hfsc sNdnb _oP ImWpp Fv ]p{X Dcw ]d-p. FtSm Chbn Hp s]mnq Fp ]nXmhp ]d-p. s]mn-p. `Khmt\ Fp--chpw ]d-p. CXn FmWp ImWp-sX Dm- e- I tNmZn-p. Hpw ImWp- n `K- hmt\ Fv
Dcw ]d-p.

Xw tlmhmN: bw ssh tkmssay

X aWn-am\w \ \n `me-bk GXky
ss]tkm ssay tjm fWnav\ Ghw
alm \yt{Km[ kvXnjvTXn; {i
z tkmtay-Xn.
Btiz-X- tI-Xp-hn-t\mSv ]nXmhp ]dp: \o GX-Wn-amhn-s\-bmtWm ImWm-Xn-cn-p-Xv kuaym, Cu AWn-amhns Imcy-ambn Cu hep-Xmb t]cm acw Dm-bn-\nevp-p. A-tbm, kuaym, {in-q.

k b Gtjm fWn ssa, XZm-y-anZw khw,

XXyw k Bm, Xz-akn tizX
tItXm CXn, `qb Gh am `K-hm
hnm-]-b-XznXn XYm tkmtayXn tlm hmN.
PK-ns aqe-amb Cu AWpXzw GtXm AXv Cu
PK-smw Bm-thmSp IqSn-b-Xns Ah- -bm-Ip-p.
AXv kXy-am-bn-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXp PK-ns Bm-hmIp-p. AXv \obm-Ip-p. ]qPy-\mb Av hopw F\np
a\-n-em-n--cq. kmWv PK-ns aqe-sa-n {]Xy- ambn Adn- bm-Xv Fp-sIm-mWv? kuaym, Ans\
BIs Fv ]nXmhv ]d-p.

253

I ]Xn-aqmw Jw
eh-W-ta-X-Zp-Z-tIy-h[m bY am {]mXcp
]ko-ZYm CXn kXYm NImc Xw
tlmhmN btmjm ehW apZtI?
hm[m AvK XZm-lt- cXn Xm-h-ar
iy \ hnthZ bYm; hneo-\-tah
Cu eh- Ws sh-n Cnv cmhnse Fs ASpp-h-cq. Fp ]nXmhp ]d- p. tizX-tIXp AXp-t]mse
sNbvXp. Ah-t\mSp ]nXmhv ]d-p. cm{Xn-bn GXp
ehWw \o sh-n Cp-thm, AXv FSp-p-sIm-phcq Fv B eh-Ws t\mn ]d- p. AXv apv Fns\-bn-cp-pthm Ans\ In-. AXv sh-n Aenp-t]m-bn-cp-p.

AvKm-kym-m-Zm-Nm-taXn IY-anXn
eh-W-anXn a[ym-Zm-Nm-taXn IY-anXn
Am-Zm-Nm-taXn IY-anXn eh-W-anXn
A`n-{]m-ssky-X-ZY tam]-ko-ZYm CXn
X XYm NImc X-izXv kwh
tX Xw tlmhmN A{X-hmh Ine k
Xv tkmay \ \n`m-eb
- tk? ss{Xh-In-te-Xn.
Atbm hm, Cu Pe-ns apI`m-Kp \nv
BN-an-q. Fp ]nXmhv ]d-p. Fns\ Ccn-pp
Fp tNmZn-p. Dp- c-k-apv Fv ]p{X adp-]Sn ]d-p.
a[y-n\nv BN-anq Fp ]d-p. Fn-s\-bn-cnpp Fp tNmZn- p. Dp-c- k-apv adp-]Sn ]d-p. ASnbn\n-m-N-anq CXn-\p- tisj Fn-s\-bn-cn-pp
Fp ]nXmhp tNmZn--tm Dp ck-apv Fp ]p{X
Dcw ]d-p. Cu ehWw If-nv Fs Acn-In
hcq. Fp ]nXmhv ]d-p. ]nXmhp ]d-Xpt]mse
tizX-tIXp sNbvXp B ehWw Fm-bvt]mgpw D-Xmbn
Ccn-pp Fp ]d-p. Ah-t\mSp ]nXmhv ]d-p.
kubm C-s \-X s Cu ico-c - n-s -b p
kns\ \o ImWp-n-. Cu ico-c
- ns thsd
D]mbw sImv AXns\ \n\p {]Xy--am-mw.

k b Gtjm fWn ssa XZm-y-anZw

khw XXv kXyw, k Bm, XXv
Xzakn tizX-tI-tXm, CXn. `qb
Gham `K-hm hnm-h-b-XznXn
PK-ns aqe-amb Cu AWp-Xzw, Cu PK-smw
CXm-Ip Bm-thm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xns Ah--bm-Ip-p.
AXp-Xs kXy-am-b npXm-I p-p. AXp-Xs PKns Bmhv BIp-p. Atbm tizX-tIXp AXp \o
Xs-bm-Ip-p. ]qPy-\mb Av hopw F\nv a\-n-

em-n--cpI Fv tizX-tIXp At]-n-p. kuaym,

As\ BIs Fv Dm-e-I A\p-h-Zn-p.

]Xn- memw Jw
bYm tkmay, ]pcpjw Km-tc-t`ymf`n
\m--am-\ob Xw XtXm fXnPt\
hnkr-tPXv; k bYm X{X {]mv thm
Zv hm f[cmv hm {]Xyv hm {]
[vambo-Xm-`n-\
- m B\otXm fZn\
mtm hnkrx
Xky bYm f`n\-l\w {]apNy {]{_q-bm,
tZXmw Zniw Kmcm GXmw Zniw
{]tPXn k{Km-amZv {Kmaw ]r ]ntXm
ta[mho Km-cmt\ thm]-k-t- ZyX;
Gh-ta-t]lm ffNm-hm ]pcptjm thZ;
Xky Xmh-tZh Nncw bmh hntamtyf
Y kXv kty CXn.
Atbm kuaym, F{]-Imcw Hcp ]pcp-js\ Km-c-tZi-n\nv A`n-\-m-- \m-bn-sImv hp Ahs\ P\-fn-m-n-Sp hnp. Ah Ing-tmv apJ-amtbm hStmv apJ-amtbm sXtmp apJ- amtbm ]Sn-m-tdmp apJamtbm Rm Ip-sI-n-b-h-\m-bn-sIm-p-h-p. Ip-I
sIn-b- h-\mbn hnkn- -s- p. i_vZ-ap-m--s-Sp- Xv
Fn-s\-bm-tWm, Ahs Ip sIn-bXp hnSn-bnv
Cu Znn-emWv Kmm-c-tZ-iw, Cu Znn-tep t]mhpI
Fp ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-p. ]n-X\pw,
_pn-am\w Bb Ah tNmZnv Hcp {Kma-n\npw
asmcp {Kma-n-sen Kmm-c-tZ-ip Xs sNp-tNcpw. CXp-t]mse ChnsS BNm-cy-\p ]pcp-j Adn-bpp. Ah Ftm hsc, Ahs ico-cs hnSp--tbm, AXp-hsc am{Xta Xma-k-ap-q. icocw hnSp-tm
kn GIo-`-hn-p-p.

k b Gtjm fWnssa XZm-y-anZw

khw XXv kXyw k Bm XXv
Xzakn tizX tItXm, CXn `qb
Gh am `K-hm hnm-]-b-XznXn
XYm tkmtayXn tlmhmN
PK-ns aqeamb AWpXzw Bm-thmSp IqSn-bXns Ah--bm-Ip-p. AXp-Xs kXy-am-bn-p--Xm-Ipp. AXp- Xs PK- ns Bm-hm-Ip- p. Atbm tizXtIXm AXp \o Xs-bm-Ip-p. ]qPy-\mb Av hopw
F\np ]d- p- X-m- epw. kuaym, As\ BIs Fv
Dm-e-I ]d-p.

254

I ]Xn-\mw Jw
]pcpjw tkmtaym ]Xm-]n\w mXbx
]-]m-ktX Pm\mkn amw, Pm\m
kn aman-Xn, Xky bmh hmv
a\kn kZy tX, a\x {]mtW,
{]mWpkvtX Pkn, tXPx ]ckymw
tZh-Xm-bmw, Xmh-m-\m-Xn.
Atbm kuaym, Pzcw apX-emb kpJ- -tSp ]nSnp
acn-p-hm t]mIp ]pcp-js\ _p- Fs Adnbp-tm, Fs Adn-bptm Fp tNmZnp sImv Npnq-Sp-p. GXp-hsc Ahs hmv a\- n- epw, a\v {]mW\n-epw, {]mW tXP-nepw tXPp]c-bmb tZh-X-bnepw
GIo-`h
- n-p-n-tbm AXp-hsc Ah Adn-bp-p.

AY Zm fky hmv a\kn kw]Zy

tX, a\x {]mtW {]mW-kvtX-P-kn, tX
Px ]ckymw tZh-Xmb aY \ Pm\mXn.
Ftm Cu acn-p-hm InS-p--hs hmv a\nepw a\v {]mW-\n-epw, {]mW tXP-nepw tXPv
]c-bmb tZh-X-bn-epw, GIo-`-hn-p-pthm Atm Adnbp-n- .

k b Gtjm fWnssaX-Zmy anZw

khw, XXv kXyw k Bm, XXv
Xzakn tizX-tItXm CXn `qb Gh
am `K-hm hnm-]b XznXn XYm
tkmtay-Xn tlmhmN
PK-ns aqe-amb AWpXzw BmthmSpIq-Sn-bXns Ah--bm-Ip-p. AXp-Xs kXy-am-bn-p-Xv
BIp- p. AXp-s Xs PK- ns Bm-h m-I p- p.
Atbm tizX tItXm, AXv \o Xs-bm-Ip-p. ]qPy-\mb
Av hopw F\nv a\-n-em- n-cq Fv tizX-tIXp
At]-np kuaym As\ BIs Dm-e-I ]d-p.

]Xn-\ mdmw Jw
]pcpjw tkmtaymX lkvX KrloX
am\-by hlmjnXv kvtXb-a-Imjo-Xv,
]c-ipa kvssa X]-tX-Xn. k bZn
Xky Im `hXn XX Ghm-\r-Xam
m\w Ipcp-tX, tkm f\rXm`n ktm
f\rtX \m ffm\-a-mb ]cipw
X]vXw {]Xn-Kr-lvWmXn k ZlytXfY
l\ytX

Atbm kuaym, Hcp ]pcp-js\ _-l-kvX-\mbn cmP]p-{X- m sImp- h-p. Ch [\w A]-l-cn-p. tamjWw
sNbvXp. Ch-\p-thn agp ]gp-n-p-hn Fp ]d-p.
Ah tamjW Im- hm-Ipp Fn AXn-\m Xs
Ah- \ - h Ak-X y-\ m- p- p. A\r- X - \ mb A`n-k ntbmSpIq-Snb Ah, A\rXw sImv Ah-\-hs\ adnnv ]gp agp-hm-p-p. Ah Zln-p-p. Atm
l\n--s-Sp-p.

AY bZn Xkym Im `h-Xn, XX

Gh kXyam m\w Icp-tX, kk
Xym`n-kx ktXy\m ffm\ a
mtb ]cipw X]vXw {]Xn KrlvWm
Xn, k\ ZlytX f Y apNytX
Ah B tamj-W-ns AIm-hmWv Fn
AXn-\ms Ah-\-hs\ kXy-ap- - h- \mn sNp- p.
kXy-amb A`n-k-n-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb Ah kXyw sImv
Ah-\-hs\ adn-nv ]gp agp hmp-p. Ah thhpn- . A\-cw tamNn-n--s-Sp-p.
]gp agp- h n\pw ssI- e - n\pw Xn- e p
kwtbmKw cp t]pw Xpey-am-W-nepw tamn--hs
ssI thhp-Ibpw at-hs ssI thhm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sN
p-p.

k bYm X{X \mZm tlyX, sFXZm

y anZw khw XXv kXyw k Bm,
XXv Xzakn tizX-tI-tXm, CXn X
mky hnP-m-hn-Xn, hnPmhnXn.
kXy-n A`n-k-n-b p- -h F{]-Im-c -amtWm
X]vX-]-c-ip- {K-lWw sNp- tm Zln-m- Xn-cn- p--Xv, AXv
C-s\-bm-Ip-p. Bm-thmSp IqSn-b-Xns Ah PKns aqeamb Aap-Xz-am-Ip-p. AXp-Xs PK-ns
Bm-hm-Ip-p. AXp-Xs kXy-am-bn-p- -Xm-Ip- p.
Atbm tizX-tI- tXm, AXp \o Xs- bm- hp-p. ]nXm-hns
Cu hN\w tizX-tIXp a\-n-em-n.
hnIm- cq-]-amb A\r- X- n D A`n- k- n-bm DmIp Pohm-- hn-m-\s \nh-n-n-p--Xm-Wv XXv
Xzakn Fp hmIyw. AXns hni-Zo-I-cWw Cu
Aym-b-n-epsm- p-p.

Ggmw Aymbw
Hmw Jw
Aioln `Kh CXn tlm]-k-km-Z-k\
-
Ipamcw \mcZx Xw tlmhmN: btZz
tX\ tam]-ko-Z, XXkvX Duw hymaoXn

255

\mc-Z `K-hmt\ Ay-b\w sNn-mepw Fp

a{w sImv k\Ip-am-cs\ D]-k-Znp. At-l-tmSp
k\ Ipam-c ]d- p. Atv F- dn- bm- tam, AXns\
shfn-s-Sp-n-smv Fs D]-k-Zn-q. AXn-\p-ta
Rm ]d-p-Xm-cw.

ktlm-hmN: EtKzZw `K-thm-ft[yan;

bPqth-Zw, kma-th-Z-am-YhWw NXp
, anXn-lmk ]pcm-Ww, ]-aw, th
Zm\mw thZw, ]n{Xyw, cminw, ssZhw,
\n[nw, hm tIm hmIy, taIm-b\w, tZ
h hnZymw, {_ hnZymw, {X-hnZymw,
\-{X-hnZymw, k-tZ-h-\-hnZym
taXXv `Kthm ft[yan
\mc-Z ]d-p. `K-hms\ EtKzZw F\n--dn-bmw.
bPqth-Zw, kma-th-Zw, \mem-a-t thZ-amb AYhw,
CXn-lmk ]pcm- W- Am-as thZ-amb `mcXw thZ-fpsS thZ-amb hymI-c-Ww, {i-Iev]w KWn-Xw, D]mX- m\w \n[n-im-kv{Xw, X-imkv{Xw \oXn-imkv{Xw
\ncp-w, in, Iev]w, O-n-Xn, `qX-X{w [\pthZw
PyuXn-jw, k-hn-Zy, tZh- P\ hnZy CsXmw `K-hms\
F\n--dn-bmw.

tkm flw `K-thm, a{-hn-tZhm kvan;

\m ffhnXv; {ipXw tlyh ta `K-hZv
Kr-ti`y kvXcXn timI-am hnZnXn;
tkm flw `Khx timNman; Xw am
`K-hm timIky ]mcw Xmc-b-XznXn
Xw tlmhmN: bssZz Inw ssN XZ[y
KojvTm-\mssa ssh XXv
Atbm `K-hm-t\, As\ D Rm a{- hn-p-am{Xsa BIp-p-p. B-hn--\-. Fs-m Bhnv timIs XcWw sNp-p. `K-hm-s\-tm-se-bphcn \nv tI- dnhv F\nv Xo- bm-bp-ap- v. `Km-ht\
A-s\-bp Rm timNn-p-p. As\ D Fs
`K-hm timI-ns Ac IS-n-bm-epw. At-ltmSp k\ Ipam-c ]d-p. Av Cu ]Tn-n-p-Xv
GsX-mtam CXv \maw am{X- am-Ip-p.

\ma hm EtKz-tZm, bPqthZx kmath

Z, AYh-W-ip-XpXvj CXn-lmk ]pcm
Wx ]-tam, thZm\mw thZx, ]n
t{Xym cmin, ssthm, \n[n, hmtIm
hmIy, taIm-b-\w, tZh-hn-Zym, {_hn
Zym, `qX-hnZym Xv {Xhn-Zym, \{X
hnZym, k-tZh P\ hnZym \m ssa
sshXXv; \mtam ]mtzXn

EtKzZw \ma-a m- I p- p. bPqth-Z w, kma- t h-Z w,

AYhWsa \me-ams thZw CXn-lm-k]
- p-cmWw
Am-as thZ-amb `mc- Xw, thZ- -fpsS thZ-amb hymIcWw {im-I-ev]w, KWn-Xw, D]m-Z-imkv{Xw, \n[n-imkv{Xw, X-im-kv{Xw, \oXn-im-kv{Xw, \ncp-w, in,
Iev]w O-n-Xn, `pX-X{w [\pthZw PyuXn-jw, khn-Zy, tZh- P-\-hnZy CsXmw \maw Xs-bm-Ip- p. \mas
D]m-kn-q.

k tbm \ma {_t-Xyp-]m-kvtX, bmhm

avt\m KXw X {Xmky bYm Ima
Ntcm `hXn tbtma {_t-Xyp]m
kvtX, BkvXn `Kthm \mavt\m `qb
CXn. \mavt\m hmh `qtbm fkvXoXn,
Xt `K-hm {_ho-XznXn
BcmtWm \mas {_-sa-p-shv D]m-kn-p-Xv
Ah\v GXp-hsc \ma-ns tKmN-c-aptm AhnSw hsc
Cw t]mse-bp kmcw knn-p-p. `K-hmt\ \mat-m IqSn-bXv Fs-n-ep-aptm Fp \mc-Z
tNmZn-p. \ma-t-m IqSp-bXv Dv Fp k\Ip-amc ]d-p. AXp `K-hm F\np ]dp Xmepw
Fp \mc-Z At]-n- p.

cmw Jw
hmKzm h\mavt\m `qb-ko, hmKzm
EtKzZw hnm-]-b-Xn, bPqth-Zw,
kma-th-Z, aYhWw NXp, anXn-lmk ]p
cmWw, ]-aw, thZm-\mw, thZw, ]n{Xyw,
cminw, ssZhw, \n[nw, hmtIm hmIy, ta
Imb-\w, tZh-hn-Zymw, {_-hnZymw `qX-hnZymw
{X-hn-Zymw, \-{X-hn-Zymw, ktZ-h-P-\hn-Zymw, Znhw N, ]rYnhow N, hmbqw Nff
Imiw Nm ] tXP-, tZhmw-, a\p
jymw, ]ipw hbmw-kn-N, XrW-h-\kv]
XoRv; izm]-Zm\ym IoS-]n-]o-en-Iw, [w
Nm [w N, kXyw Nm \rXw N, km[p
Nm km[p-N, lrZ-bw Nm lrZ-b-w N,
bssZz-hmv \m`-hn-jy [tm, \[
tm hym-]-bn-jy kXyw \m\r-Xw,
\ km[p, \m km[p \ \ lrZ-btm
\m lrZ-b-tm, hmtK ss]XXv khw
hnm-] -bXn hmN-ap-]m-tzXn

256

hmKn-{nbw \ma-t-m A[n-IX

- -c-am-Ip-p. hmm
Wv EtKz-Z-tbpw bPq-th-Z-tbp kma-th-Ztbpw
AYh-W-sap ]d-bp \mem-as thZ-tbpw CXnlmk ]pcm-Wt- -bpw, Am-as thZ-amb `mc-Xtbpw thZ--fpsS thZ-amb hymI-c-Wt- -bpw, {imI-ev]-t-bpw, KWn-X-tbpw D]m-X-im-kv{X-t-bpw,
\n[n imkv{X-t-bpw, X- im-kv{X- t- bpw, \oXn-im- k{v Xt-bpw, \ncp--t- bpw, in, Iev]w, O-nXn Chtbbpw `qX-X-{-tbpw [\pth-Z-tbpw tPymXn-jtbpw k-hn- Zy, thZ-P-\-hnZy Ch-tbbpw tZymhn-t\bpw
]r-Yn-hn-tbbpw hmbp-hn-t\bpw BIm-i-tbpw Ap-Itf-bpw, tXP-n-t\-bpw, tZh-m-tcbpw a\p-jy-tcbpw ]ip-tf-bpw, ]n-It- f-bpw, irW--tf-bpw, hr-- tfbpw
IoS- ]XwK-, ]n]o-en-II
- Ch-h-tc-bp-X
- n-t\bpw, [-t- bpw, A[-t- bpw, kXy-t-bpw, AkXy-tbpw km[p-hm-bn-pXnt\bpw Akm-[p-hm-bn-p-Xn-t\-bpw, lrZ-b-{]n-b-am-bp--Xn-t\bpw Am--Xn-t\bpw
Adn-bn-p-Xv hmv Dm-bn-cp-n-s-n [-hpw,
A[-hpw, kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw km[phpw Akm- [p-hpw,
lrZ-b-{]n-b-am-bn-p-Xpw Am-Xpw Adn-bn--s-Sp-I-bnm-bn-cp-p. hmp-X s CXn-s \-sbmw Adn-b p-p.
hmns\ D]m-kn-q.

ktbm hmNw {_tXyp ]mkvtX, bmh

ZzmtNm-KXw X{Xmky bYm Ima
Nmtcm `h-Xn. tbmhmNw {_t
Xyp]m-kvtX, BkvXn-`-Kthm hmtNm `qb
CXn. hmtNm hmh `qtbmf kvXnXn
Xt `K-hm {_ho-XznXn
As\ BcmtWm hmns\ {_-sa-p-hv D]m-knp-Xv Ah\p GXp-hsc hmn\p Ka-\-am-bn-ptm AhnsS-hsc Cw t]mse-bp kmcw knn-p-p. `K-hmt\, hmn-t\-m A[n-I-X-c-am-bn-p-Xv Dtm? Fp
\mc-Z tNmZn-p. hmn-t\-m A[n-I-X-c-am-bn-p-Xv
Dv. Fv k\Ip-am-c Dcw ]d-p. AXns\ F\n
p `Km-h ]d-p-X-mepw Fv \mc-Z At]-n-p.

aqmw Jw
at\m hmh hmtNm `qtbm, bYm ssh
tZzhm ffae tItZz-hm-tIm-te, Zz\ hm
u apn-c\p `h-tXyhw hmNw N
\ma N at\mf\p `hXn; kb Zma
\km a\-kyXn a{-m\-[o-bo-tb-Xy-YmYo
tX; ImWn Iphotb XyY IpcptX;
]p{Xmw ]ipw-tt tbXy-tY-t- X,
Caw N temI aapw tNt-tb-XytY

tX at\m-lym-m, at\m lntem tIm

at\m ln {_, a\ D]m-tzXn

a\v hmn-t\-m A[n-I-X-c-am-Ip-p. F{]-Im-camtWm cp s\n- m-tb- tbm, cp Xmn- -tb- tbm, Npcpnb ssI A\p-`-hn-p-Xv C{]-Imcw hmn-t\bpw \matbpw a\p hym]n-p-p. ]pcp-j Ftm F\np
a{sf Aym-b\w sN-W-sav a\-p-sImv hnhn-p-p-thm, Atm Ay-b\w sNp-p. Ftm
F\nv I- sN-W-sav a\-p-sImv sNm-\nn-p-p-thm, Atm sNp-p. ]p{X-m-sc-bpw, ]ip-tfbpw Cn--W-sav a\-p-sImv Ftm hnNm-cnp-p-thm, Atm Cn-p-p. Cu temI-tbpw ]ctem-- tXbpw Cn-- W-sav Ftm hnNm-cn-p- p-thm,
Atm Cn-p-p. Bmhv a\-m-W.v temIw a\-mWv. {_ a\-m-Wv, a\-ns\ D]m-kn--Ww.

ktbm at\m {_t-Xyp-]mkvtX bmh

\ tkm KXw X{Xmky bYm Ima
Nmtcm `h-Xn, tbm at\m {_tXyp
]mkvtX AkvXn `Kthm a\tm `qb
CXn a\tkm hmh-`qtbm fkvXnXn-Xt
`K-hm {_ho-XznXn
a\-ns\ {_-sap hv Bcp D]m-kn-ppthm
Ah\p GXp-hsc a\-n\v Ka- \-aptm Ahn-sS-hsc
kzmX{yw knn-p-p. `K-hmt\ a\-n-s\-m A[nI-X-c-am-bn-p-Xv Dtm Fp \mc-Z tNmZn-p. a\-nt\-m A[n-IX
- - c-am-bn-p-Xv Xo-bmbpw Dv Fv
k\Ip-am-c ]d-p.

\memw Jw
kevt]m hmh a\tkm `qbm, bZm
ssh k-ev]-btXm fY a\-ky-XyY
hmN-ao-c-b-Xn, Xmap-\m-av\o-c-bXn;
\mav\n a{m GIw `hn; at{jp
Im-W n.
kev]w a\-n-t\-m A[n-I-X-c-am-Ip-p. FtmgmtWm k-e]
v n-p--Xv, A\-cw a\-ky\w F Ax
IcW hym]m-c s sNp- p. A\- cw hmns\
t{]cWw sNp-p. hmns\ \ma-ns hnj-b
- n
t{]cWw sNp-p. \ma-n a{- AS- n-bn-cn-pp. a{--fn I- A`-hn-p-p.

Xm\n l hm GXm\n k-evss]-Imb

\m\n, k-ev]m--Im-\n, kevt] {]
XnjvTn-Xm-\n. ka-Iv\p-]Xmw Zyhm]r
Ynho, k--evt]Xmw hmbpm ffIm

257

iw N k-ev]m ff] tXP;

tXjmw kwIv\p]vssXy hjw kev]
tX hjky kw Iv\p ]vXym Aw k
ev] tX Aky kwIv\p]v ssX {]m
Wmx k-ev]t; {]mWm\mw kwIv\p
ss]vXy a{mx k-ev]t; a{mWmw
kwIv\p ]vssXy ImWn k-ev]t\; I
Wmw kwIv\p]vssXy temIx k
ev]tX; temIky kwIv\p ]vssXy khw
k-ev]-tX, k Gj kev]x, kev
]ap-] m-tz-Xn.

ev]-t-m IqSn-bXv Xo-bmbpw Dv. AXns\ `K-hm\mb Av F\np ]d-p-X-m-epw. Fp \mc- Z At]n-p.

Amw Jw
Nnw hmh k-ev]mZv `qtbm, bZmssh
tNX-btX fY k-ev]-b-tX; AY-a-\ky
Xn; AYhm Nao-c-bXn; Xmap-\mav\o
cbXn; \ma \na{m GIw `h;
at{jp Im-Wn.

Nnw, k-ev]t- -m IqSn-b-Xm-Ip-p. FtmCu a\p apX-em-bh k-e]

v -am- Ip- p. Htc KXn-tbmSp gmtWm tNX-\-sbp ]d-bp hym]mcw Dm-Ip-Xv
v n-p-p. A\-cw a\-ky\w Fp ]dIqSn-b- hbpw k-e]
v -kz-cp-]-fpw k-e]
v -n {]Xn-jT
v n- Atm k-e]
X- - f p-a m-I p- p. tZymhpw ]rYn-h nbpw k-e v ] n- p. bp hym]mcw sNp-p. AXn-\p-tijw hmns\ Cu
hmbphpw BIm-ihpw k-ev]n-p. Ap-Ifpw tXPpw cWw sNp-p. B hmns\ \ma-n t{]cWw sNpk-ev]n-p. Zyphm-]r-Yn-hym-Zn-I-fpsS kev]w \nanw p. \ma-n a{- Hm-bn-o-cp-p. a{--fn
hjw k-e]
v n-p-p. hj-ns kev]w \nanw I- Hm-bn-o-cp-p.
Aw ka-am-bn-o-cp-p. A-ns kev]w
Xm\n l hm GXm\n Nnss ImbX
\nanw {]mW- ka--fm-b-o-cp-p. {]mW-\m\n Nnm-m\n Nnt {]Xn-jvTnXm
fpsS kev]w \nanw a{- ka--fm-bn-o-cp\n; Xkvam-Zy-Zy]n _lp-hn-Z-Nntm `h-Xn,
p. a{--fpsS kev]w \nanw I- ka-e m-bn- o-c p- p. I- -fpsS kev] w \nanw
\mb-a-kvXotXy ssh\-amlpx bZbw thZ
temIw ka-am-bn-o-cp-p. temI-ns kev]w
bZzm Abw hnZzm t\ a Nnx
\nanw PKp apgp-h ka-am-bn-o-cp-p. Cu
kymZnXn AY bZym-ev]-hn-n--hm `h-Xn,
kev]w A-s\- bp--Xm- Wv. AXn- \m k-ev]t D]mXkvam Gthm \ ip{iq-j-t. Nnw
kn--Ww. C\n k-evt]m-]m-k-I\v knn-p ^ew ]dtly sshjm-taIm bX-\w, Nn-am-m,
bp-p.

kbx kev]w {_t-Xyp-]m-kvtX, Iv\p

]vXm ssh ktem-Im {[phm {[phx
{]Xn-jvTn-Xm {]Xn-jvTntXm fhyY-am\m
\ hyY-amt\m f`nkn-yXn bmh
ev]ky KXw X{Xmky bYm-Ima Ntcm
`hXn bx kev]w {_t-Xyp-]mkvtX
AkvXn `Khx k-ev]mZv `qb CXn.
kev]m Zzmh `qtbm fkvXoXn. Xt
`K-hm {_ho-XznXn
Ans\ BcmtWm k- e]
v s {_-sa-p-hv D]mkn-p--Xv, Ah Iev]n--s--h-bmb \nXy-fpw D]I- c-W-k- --fpw i{Xp- `bw apX-em-bh Cm-- h-bp-amb
temI- \nXy-\m-bnpw Bo- tbm- ]-I-c-W- XnI-h-\mbpw hy[n-m- -h-\mbpw {]m]n-p-p. k-ev]ns tKmNcw GXp-h-s c-bm-tWm, AhnsS Ah\v
kzmX{yw knn-p-p. `K- hm-t\, k-ev]-t-m IqSnb-Xmbn Fs-n-ep-aptm Fv \mc-Z tNmZn-p. k-

Nnw {]XnjvTm Nn ap]m-t-Xn.

kev]w apX I- ^-ew-h-sc- bp--h-sbmw Nnw
Fp-Xs Bb-X-am-bn-p-h
- -bpw, Nnm--I-epw
Nn-n {]Xn-jvTn-X- -fp-am-Ip-p. hfsc Adn-hp--h\m-W-nepw Nn-an-m--h-\m-bn-cn-pp Fn, Ah
C Fp Xs Chs\ ]d-bp-p. Ch Adn-bp-p-n-tem, Adn-n-p--h-\m-sW-ntem C{]-Imcw Nn-an-m-h-\mbn `h--bn--sbpw ]d-bp-p. ]ns Aev]w
Adn-hp--h-\m-bn-cn-pp Fn Ah ]d-bp kwKXn-I-sf-s {ihn-p-hm Cn-p-p. Cu k-ev]m-ZnbpsS Htc Bb-X\w Nn-am-Ip-p. Bmhp Nn-am-Ipp. {]XnjvT Nn-am-Ip-p. Nns D]m-kn--Ww.

k bnw {_t-Xyp-]mkvtX Nnm

ssh ktem-Im {[phm {[phx {]Xn
jvTnXm {]Xn-jvTntXm fhyY-am-\m\hy
Yamt\m f`n knXn bmh-n-ky KXw
X{Xmky bYm Ima-Nmtcm `h-Xn, bn
w {_tXyp ]mkvtX. AkvXn `K-hn

258

mZv`qb CXn Nnm-Zzmh `qtbmf

kvXoXn Xt `K-hm {_ho-XznXn

Ans\ Bcm-tWm, [ym\s {_-sap IcpXn D]mkn-p--Xv, Ah\v GXp-h-sc-bmtWm [ym\-n\p tKmN-cam-bn-p-Xv AhnsS hsc kzmX{yw knn-p-p. `KAs\ Bcm-tWm, Nns {_-sap hv D]m- hms\ [ym\-s-m IqSn-b-Xmbn Fs-n-ep-aptm
kn-p-Xv B Nntm-]m-k-I _pn-ams KpW-- Fv \mc-Z tNmZn-p. [ym\-t-m IqSn-b-Xmbn Xofm, kar--fpw \nXy-fpw kthm-]-I-c-W-k---- bmbpw Dv Fv k\Ip- am- c Dcw ]d- p. AXns\
fpw, hyY-bn-m--hb
- p-a mb temI-se \nXy-\mbpw `K- hm F\np ]dp Xcq. Fv \mc-Z At]n- p.
Bo-tbm-]-I-cW k--\mbpw hyY-bn-m--h-\mbpw
{]m]n-p-p. GXp-h-sc- bmtWm Nn-n\p tKmN-c-am-bnp-Xv AhnsS Ch\v kzmX{yw Dm-Ip-p. `K-hms\ Ggmw Jw
Nn-t-m A[n-I-X-c-am-bnp-Xv Fs- n-ep-aptm
hnm\w hmh [ym\m-Zv`q-tbm, hnm
Fv \mc-Z tNmZn-p. Nn-t-m IqSn-bXv Xot\\ hm EtKzZw hnPm-\mXn bPqth
bmbpw Dv Fv k\Ip-am-c ]d-p. AXp F\np
]d-p-Xcq Fp \mc-Z At]-n-p.
Zw, kma-th-Z, aYhWw NXp anXn

Bdmw Jw
[ym\w hmh Nnm-Zv`q-tbm, [ymb-Xoh
]rYn-ho, [ymb Xohm--co-w, [ymbXo
hZyu, [yb-ohm fft]m, [ymb-oh
]h-Xm, [ymb-oh tZh-a-\pjym: kvX
kvamZy Cl a\p-jymWmw almw {]m
]v\ph-n, [ym\m-]m-Zmwim C ssh h
tX `hn; AY tb f ev]mx Ie-lo\x
]nip\m D]-hm-Zn-\-kvtX, AYtb {]
`thm [ym\m-]mZmw im Csslh tX
`hn [ym\-ap-]m-tzXn k tbm [ym\w {_tXyp-]mkvtX bmhZv [ym\-\y-KXw X{Xmky bYm
Ima Ntcm `hXn tbm [ym\w {_t-Xyp]mkvtX AkvXn `Kthm [ym\mZv `qb CXn
[ym\m Zzmh. `qtbm f kvXXn Xt `K-hm
{_ho-XznXn

lmk-]p-cmWw ]aw, thZm\mw thZw

]n{Xw, cminw, ssZhw, \n[nx, hmtImhm
Iy, taIm-b-\w, tZh hnZymw, {_-hnZym
`qX-hnZymw {X-hn-Zymw, \-{X-hnZymw
k-tZ-h-P-\-hnZymw Znhw-N, hmbpw N
ffImiw N ff], tXP tZhmw-,
a\p-jymw-, ]ipw-, hbm-knwN
XrW h\-]vX-Xo, izm]-Zw, \ymIo-Sh
XwK ]n]o-eIw [wNm [w N, kXyw N,
km[pNm km[p-Nm, \rXw N, lrZ-bw
Nm lrZ-bw Nm, w Nckw tNaw
N temI-aapw N hnmt\ ss\h hnPm\mXn
hnm-\ -ap-] m-tzXn

imkv{Xm hnj-b-I-amb m\w [ym\-t-m

IqSn- b-Xm-Ip-p. hnm\w sImmWv EtKz-Zs Adnbp--Xv. bPqth-Z-tbpw kma-th-Z-tbpw AYh-Wsap ]d-bp \mem-as thZ-t-bpw, CXn-lm-k-]p-cmW--tf-bpw, Am-as thZ-amb `mc-X-t-bpw, thZ[ym\w Nn-t-m IqSn-b-Xm-Ip-p. ]rYnhn [ym\n- -fpsS thZ-amb hymI-c-W-t-bpw, {km-I-e]
v -t-bpw,
p--Xp-t]mse Ccn-p-p. A-cow [ym\n-p--Xp- KWn-X-im-k{v X-tbpw D]m-X- im-k{v X-t-bpw, \n[n-imt]mse Ccn-p-p. tZymhv [ym\n-p--Xp-t]mse Ccn-p- kv{X-t-bpw, X-im-kv{X-t-bpw, \oXn-im-kv{X-tp. Ap-I [ym\n-p--Xp-t]mse Ccn-p-p. ]h-X- bpw, \ncp--t-bpw, in, Iev]w, O-n-Xn, Ch [ym\n-p--Xp-t]mse Ccn-p-p. tZh-mcpw a\p- tbbpw `qX-X-{-t-bpw, [\pth-Z-t-bpw, tPymXn-jjycpw [ym\w sNp--Xp-t]mse Ccn-p-p. AXn-\m tbpw Kmcp-Uw, K-bp-n, \r-Ko-X-hm-Zy-in-ev]mZn
Cu temI-n, a\p-jy-cn BcmtWm al-Xzs {]m]n- hnm-\- Ch-tbbpw tZymhn-t\bpw ]rYn-hn-tbbpw
p-Xv Ah [ym\-ns ^ew e`n--Xns Ie-tbmSp hmbp-hn-t\bpw BIm-i-t- bpw, Ap-It- fbpw tXP-nIqSn-b-h-sc-tmse Xs `hn-p-p. ]ns BcmtWm t\-bpw, tZh-m-tcbpw a\p-jy-tc-bpw, ]iptfbpw ]nAev]- m-c-bn-cn-p--Xv, Ah Ie-l-io-e-m- cm-bpw, ]c-tZm- I-tfbpw XrW--tfbpw hr--tfbpw hym{Lm-Zn-Ij-sf shfn-s-Sp-p--h-cm-bpw, tNcp hn[-n ]c- tfbpw IoS- ]Xw-K- apX-em-bh XpSn ]n]o-en-ItZmjw ]d-bp--h-cmbpw Ccn-p-p. {]`p--fm-bn-p--h h-sc- bphtb-bpw, [-tbpw A[-t-bpw, kXyBtcm Ah [ym\-^ew Inn-bX
- ns Ie-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h- t-b pw, Ak-Xy-tbpw km[p-hm-b n-p--X n-t\-bpw,
sc-tmse Xs Ccn-p- p. [ym\s D]m-k n-q. Akm-[p-hm-bn-p--Xn-t\bpw lrZ-b-{]n-b-am-bn-p--Xn-t\-

259

I bpw, Am--Xn-t\bpw A-t-bpw, ck-tbpw Cu

Atm] tbmKw sImp-m- Ip a\xin hnmtemI-tbpw ]c-tem-I- tbpw hnm\w sImp-Xs \-t- m IqSn-b-Xm-Ip-p. _e-hm-\mb Hcp-h \qdp-hnAdn-bp-p. hnm-\s D]m-kn-q.
m-\- hm-m-sc-tmepw In-n-p-p. ]pcp-j Ftm
_e- ap-- h-\m- bn-o-cp-pthm Atm Dm\w sNp-k tbm hnm\w {_t-Xyp-]mkvtX
h-\m-bn- o-cp-p. Dm\w sNp--h\
- m-bn-cn-p-tm,
hnm-\-htXm sshk temIm
]cn-N-cn-p- -hm-bn- o-cp-p. ]cn-Nc
- n-p--hm-bn-cn-pm\-htXm f`nkn-[y-Xn, bmh-Zznm
tm D]-k- Z-Pn-p--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. A]-k-Zn-p--hmbn-cn-p-tm, {Zm-hm-bn- o-cp-p. t{imXm-hm-bn- o\ky KXw X{Xmky bYm Ima Nmtcm
cpp; a\\w sNp-- h-\m- bn- o- cpp; t_m[-hm-\m-bn-o`hXn tbm hnm\w {_t-Xyp-]mkvtX
cp-p. Im-hm-bn-o-cp-p. ^ew A\p-`-hn-p--h-\mAkvXn-`-Kthm hnm-\m-Zv`qb CXn
bn-o-cp-p. ]rYnhn _ew sImmWv \nevp--Xv. Ahnm-\m-Zzm-h-`qtbm fkvXoXn Xt
cow _ew sImmWv \nevp-- Xv. tZymhv _ew-sImp
`K-hm {_ho-XznXn
nXn sNp-p. ]h- X- _ew-sImp nXn sNpD]m-kn-p--h hnm-\-a p--hbpw m\-ap-- p. tZh-mcpw a\p-jycpw _ew sImp nXn sNphbpw Bb temI-sf {]m]n-p-p. GXp-hs
- c-bmtWm p. ]ip-fpw ]n-fpw XrW-fpw hr-fpw
- apX- emhnm-\- n\v tKmN-c-am-bn-cn- p--Xv, Ahn- sS-hsc Chv hym{LmZn {Iqc-P-p-fpw IoS- ]Xw-K
bh
XpSn
]nhoe
nI
I

hfs
cb
p
h
bpw
_ew-sImp
kzmX{yw Dm-Ipw. `K-hmt\ hnm-\-t-m IqSnb-Xmbn Fs-n-ep-aptm? Fp \mc-Z tNmZn-p. nXn-sN-p-p. temIw _ew-sImp nXn-sN-p-p.
hnm-\t- -m IqSn-bXv Xo-bm-bp-apv Fp _es D]m-kn-q. Ans\ BcmtWm _es {_k\Ip- am- c ]d-p. AXns\ `K- hm F\np ]dp sa- p-hv D]m-kn-p--Xv, Ah\v GXp-h-sc-bmtWm _en\v hnj-b-am-bn-p--Xv, A{X- tmfw kzmX{yw knnXcnI Fp \mc-Z At]-n-p.
p-p. BcmtWm _es {_-sa-p-hv D]m-kn-p-Xv, Ah\v GXp-h-sc-bmtWm _e-n\p tKmN-c-am-bn-p-Xv, Ahn-sS-hsc kzmX{yw e`n-p-p. `K-hms\ _eFmw Jw
t-m IqSn-b- Xmbn Fs-n-ep-aptm? _e-t-m
_ew hmh hnm-\m-Zv`qbx A]n
IqSn-bX
- mbn Xo-bmbpw Dv. Fv k\Ip-am-c ]dl iXw hnm\ hXm tatIm _e
p. AXp `hm F\np ]d-p-X-cnI Fv \mc-Z
hm \mI-av]-btX; k bZm _eo
]d-p.

`hXy tYmmXm `hXn; DnjvT

]cn-Nc
- nXm `hXn; ]cn-Nc
- p ]
km `hXn; D]-ko-Z {`jvTm-`-hXn;
t{imXm `h-Xn, am `h-Xn, t_mm
`h-Xn, Im-`-h-Xn, hnmX `h-Xn,
_te\ ssh ]rYnho XnjvTXn _te\m
cow _te\ Zyu, te\ ]
hXm, _te\ tZh a\p-jym, _te\
]i h hbmw-kn-N, XrW-h-\-kv]-Xbx,
izm]-Zm\ym IoS-]-XwK ]n]o-en-Iw,
_te\ temI-kvXn-jvTXn; _e-ap]mtXn.
ktbm _ew {_tXyp ]mkvtX, bmhZv
_eky KXw X{Xmky bYm ImaNm
tcm `hXn tbm _ew {_t-Xyp-]mkvtX
AkvXn `Kthm _emZv `qb CXn _
emZzmh `qtbm fkvXoXn. Xt `K-hm
{_ho-XznXn

H]Xmw Jw
Aw hmh _emZv `qbkvX kvamZyZ ]n
Zi-cm-{Xomiv \nbm, ZyZypl Poth
ZYhm f{Zjv Tm ft{imXm fam t_mm
- Xn AYm-kym
Im fhnm-Xm-`h
fssb {Zm-`-hXn am `h-Xn, t_mm `h-Xn,
Im `h-Xn, hnmXm
`hXn A-a p]mtzXn
Aw _e- s- m IqSn- b- Xm- Ip- p. AXn- \m ]p
\mtf- p-t]mepwAin- m- Xn- cn-p-- Xm- bm, Hcp-thf Pohnn-cn-p ]w, Zin-m Ign-bm--h\
- m-bpw, {ihnp-hm km[n-m--h-\mbpw a\\w sNm in-bnm--h-\m-bpw, t_m[n-p--Xn\v kmay-an-m--h-\mbpw, A\p-jT
v n-m Ign-hn-m--h\
- m-bpw, hnm-\-an-m-h-\mbpw `hn-p-p. ]ns Aw e`n-p--h {Zmhm-bn-o-cp-p. a\\w sNp--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. t_mmhm-\m-bn-o-cp-p. A\p-jT
v n-p-h\mbn-o-cp-p. A\p-

260

I jvTm-\-^ew A\p-`-hn-p--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. As
D]m-kn-q.

Nk tbm fw {_tXyp ]mkvtX fhtXm

ssh k temIm ]m\-htXm f`n
kn[yXn bmh-Z-ky KXw X{Xmky
bYm-Ima Nmtcm `hXn tbmfw {_
tXyp-]mkvtX AkvXn `Kthm fmZ
`qb CXn A-Zzmh `qtbm fkvXoXn
Xt `K-hm {_ho-XznXn
As\ BcmtWm As {_-sa-p-hv D]m-knp--Xv, Ah A-ap-h
- b
- pw, ]m\-ap--hbpw Bb
temI-sf {]m]n-p-p. A-n\p tKmN-c-am-bn-p-Xv
GXp- hscbmtWm AhnsS Ch\v kzmX{yw knn-p-p.
AXn-\m As {_-sav shv AXns\ D]m-knq. `K-hms\ A-t-m IqSn-b-Xmbn Fs-n-epaptm? A-s-m IqSn-bX
- mbn Xo-bmbpw Dv
Fv k\Ip-am-c ]d-p. AXp `K-hm F\np ]dp-X-m-epw. \mc-Z ]d-p.

]mw Jw
Bt]m hmhm-mZv `qb-ky, kvXkvam-ZyZm
kphr-np `h-Xn, hym[o-bt {]mW
Aw I\otbm `hn-jy-Xo-Xn. AYb
Zm khr-jvTn `h-Xym-\p-n\w {]mWm
`h-yw _lp `hn-jy-XoXn B] G
th am aqm tbbw ]rYn-ho, bZ
cow bZv Zyu Xv ]hXm b th
a\p-jym, bXv ]i-h hbmw-kn-N, Xr

k tbm ft]m {_-Xyp-]mkvX B]vt\mXn

khm Imamw kvXr]vXn-am `hXn;
bmh-Z-]mw-KXw X{Xmky bYm Ima
Nmtcm `hXn tbm ft]m {_t-Xyp-]mkvtX
AkvXn `Kthm ftZ`ym `qb CXn A
tZ`ymhm-h-`qtbm kvXoXn Xt `Khm
{_ho-XznXn

BcmtWm Ap-Isf {_-sa-p-hv D]m-kn-p-Xv

Ah Fm Ima--tfbpw {]m]n-pp. Xr]vXn-bp--h\m-bn-o-cp-p. GXp-hsc Ap-Ip Ka- \-ap-tm,
AhnsS hsc Ch\v kzX- {- k-mcw knn-p-p. ApIsf {_-sap IcpXn D]m-kn-q. BcmtWm Ans\
D]m-kn-p--Xv, Ah\v Ahn-sS-hsc kzmX{yw knn-pp. `K-hms\ Ap-Is
- f-m hen-bX
- mbn Fs-n-epaptm Fv \mc-Z tNmZn-p. Xo-bmbpw Dv Fv
k\Ip-am-c Dcw ]d-p. AXns\ `K-hm F\np-]-tZ-in-p-X-cnI Fp \mc-Z At]-n- p.

]Xn- s \mmw Jw
tXtPm hmhmZv t`ym`qbx XZzm G
X Zzmbpam Krlym ffia`n X]Xn; X
Zmlpn-tim-N-Xn, \nX-]-Xn, hjn-jyXn
hm CXn. tXP Gh XXv ]qhw Zi
bnXzm fYm]x krPtX; XtZX Zqzm
`n Xnc-n-`n hnZypZv`n cm{lm
Zm-cn; Xkvam-Zm-lq hntZym-XtX
kvX\-bXn hjn-jyXn hm CXn; tXP
Gh XXv ]qhw Zi-bn-Xzm-Ym]x kr
PtX, tXP D]m-tzXn

Wh-\-kv]X
- bx izm]-Zm\y IoS ]XwK

tXPv Ap- I-sf- m IqSn- b- Xm-Ip- p. A- s\-bp

Cu tXPv hmbp-hns\ \n-e-am-n-bnv BIm-is A`n]n]o-enI am] Gth am aqm, A]
hym-]np X]n-n-p-p. Atm thhn-p-p, ]gp-n-pD]m-tzXn
p. ag s]pw Fv euIn-I-m ]d- bp-p. tXPp Xs
Ap- I A- s-m IqSn-b-h-bm-Ip-p. AXn-\m As\ BZyw X-m shfn-s-Sp-n-bnv Ap-Isf
Ftm kphrn Dm-Ip-n-tbm Atm Aw Ipd- krn-p-p. AXp-sImv tatmp t]mIp--hbpw hnehm-bn-o-cp-sap hnNm-cn-p, {]mWn-I ZpxJnp-p. -n t]mIp--h-bp-amb hnZyp-p-I-tfmSp IqSn CSnFtm kphrjvTn Dm- Ip- p- thm, Atm Aw hfsc \m-Z- k-cn-p-p. AXn-\m an apg-pp;
Dm-Ip-sap hnNm-cnv {]mW- B\-a
- p-h
- -bm-bn- hjap-mhpw Fv Bfp-I ]d-bp-p. tXP-ns\
o-cp-p. Cu ]rYnhn GtXm, A-co-w GtXm, tZymhv {_-sa-p-hv D]m-kn-q.
GtXm, ]h- X- Ghtbm tZh- mcpw a\p-jycpw Btcm,
k bkvtXtPm {_t-jp-Xyp-]mkvtX
]ip-fpw ]n-Ifpw XrW-fpw hr-fpw hym{LmtXPkzo ssh k tXP kztXm
Zn-Zp--ar-K--fpw, IoS-, ]m-I ]o]o-en-I Ch-h-tctemIm `mkztXm f] lX XakvIm
bp--hbpw GXmtWm Ah aq--fmb Ap-I
\`n-kn-[y-Xn. bmht Ptkm KXw
BWv. Ap-Isf {_-sa- zv D]m-kn-q.

261

X{Xmky bYm-Im-a-Nmtcm `h-Xn. b

kvtXtPm {_t-Xyp-]m-kvtX. AkvXn `Kh
thm tXPtkm `qb CXn. tXPtkm
hmh `qtbm fkvXnXn Xt `K-hm
{_ho-Xzn-Xn.
Ans\ BcmtWm tXP-ns\ {_-sa- p-hv D]mkn-p-Xv Ah tXP-kzn-bm-bn-o-cp-p. tXP-p-hbpw {]Im-i-ap--hbpw _mlyhpw B`y--c-hp-amb
Xap \on-bn-p--hb
- p-amb temI- {]m]n-p-p.
tXP-ns tKmNcw GXp-h-sc-bm-tWm, AXp-hsc Ch\v
km-c-kzm-X{yw Dm-Ip- p. tXP-ns\ {_- ambn D]mkn-q. `K-hmt\ tXP-n-t\-m IqSn- b-Xmbn Fs-nep-aptm Fv \mc-Z tNmZn-p. Xo-bm-bp-apv Fv
k\Ip-am-c ]d-p. Fm `K-h AXp F\np
]d-p-XctW \mc-Z At]-n-p.

]{mw Jw
BImtim hmh tXPtkm `qbm;
BImti ssh kqcym N{a kmhp `u
hnZyp---{Xm-Wy-n-cm-Im-ti\m lzb
XymIm-ti\ irtWm-Xym-Im-ti\ {]
Xn{ip-tWmXym Imti caX BImti
\ caX BImti PmbX BImi
a`n-P-btX; BIm-i-ap-] m-tz-Xn.
BImiw tXP-n-s\-m IqSn-b-Xm-Ip-p. kqcy-N-{m cp-t]cpw hnZyppw \- {X- fpw Anbpw BImi-n BIp-p. BIm-i-nIqSn Blzm\w sNpp. BIm-i-n-eqsS tIp-p. BImiw hgn-bmbn
hopw tIp-p. BIm-i-n can-p-p. BIm-in can-m-Xn-cn- pp. BIm-i-n P\n-p-p. BImi-n- tev P\n-p-p. BI-mis D]m-kn-q.

k b BImiw {_t-Xyp-]mkvtX
BIm-i-htXm ssh ktem-Im
{]Im-i-htXm kw_m-[m\p cpKmb
htXm f`nkn-[yXn; bmhZm Imiky
KXw X{Xmky bYm-Im-a-Nmtcm
`h-Xn, b BImiw {_t-Xyp-]mkvtX
AkvXn `Kh BIm-imZn `qb CXn
BIm-im-Zzmh `qtbm kvXoXn Xt
`K-hm {_ho-XznXn

Cs\ Bcp BIm-is {_-sa-p-hv D]m-knptm Ah- BIm-i-aphbpw {]Im-i-ap--hbpw

sRcp--an-m--hbpw hnkvXo-K-Xn-Ifpw Bb temIw

{]m]n-p-p. BIm-i- n\p hnj-b-am-bn-p-Xv GXp hscbmtWm AhnsS hsc Ah\p km-c-kzm-X{yw knnp-p. Ans\ BcmtWm BIm-is {_-sap
IcpXn D]m-kn-p-Xv Ah\v GXp-hsc BImiw tKmN-cam-bn-cn-ptm AhnsS hsc kzmX{yw knn-p-p.
BImit-m Ihn- -Xmbn Fs-n-ep-aptm F
tNmZy-n\v Xo-bmbpw Dv Fv k\Ip-am-c ]dp. `K-hm AXns\ F\n-p-]-tZ-in-m-epw.

]Xn-aqmw Jw
kvatcm hmh ffImimZv `qb-kvamZy
Zy]n _lh Ako-c \ kvac
tm ss\h tX IwN\ irWp
bp a\zo-c \ hnPm-\o-c; b
Zmhm-htX kvatc-bp-cY irWp bpcY
a\zo-c-Y hoPm-\o-c kvatcW
ssh ]p{Xm hnPm-\mXn; kvatcW
]iq kvac-ap-]m-tz-Xn.
k bx kvacw {_t-Xyp-]m-kvtX, bmhXv
kvacky KXw X {Xmky bYm Ima
Nmtcm `hXn bx kvacw {_t-Xyp]m
kvtX AkvXn `Khx kvacmZv `qb
CXn kvacmZv hmh `qtbm fkv\oXn
Xt `K-hm {_o XznXn
kvac-W-sa A-I-cW [w BIm-i-t-m
IqSn-b- Xm- Ip-p. hfsc Bfp-I Hcn- Sv Ccp- mepw kvacnm--h-cm-bn-cp-m Ah Hcp i_vZ-tbpw tIpn-. a\\w sNbvI-bn-. Adn-Ib
- n-. Ftm-gmtWm Ah
kvacn-p-Xv Atm {ihnpw; Atm a\\w sNpw.
Atm Adnbpw; Atm kvacw sImv ]p{X- msc Adnbpw, kvacw sImmWv ]ip-sf Adnbpw. kvacw D-]mkn-q. Ans\ BcmtWm kvacs {_-sap hv
D]m-kn- ptm Ah\v kvac-n- \p- hn- j-b-am-bn-p-Xv FXph-sc-bmtWm AXp-hsc km-c-kzm-X{yw knn-p-p.
Atbm `K-hmt\ kvac- t- m IqSn-b-Xmbn Fs- nep-aptm Fv \mc-Z tNmZn-p. Xo-bm-bp-apv Fv
Dcw ]d-p. `K-h F\nv AXns\ D]-tZ-in-p-Xmepw Fv \mc-Z ]d-p.

]Xn- memw Jw
Bim hmh kvacm-Zv`q-bkn; Atitm
ssh kvatcm a{m-\-[o-tX, ImWn

262

Icp-tX, ]p{Xmw ]iq-t--X, Caw

Ntem Iaapw tN-tX, Bim-ap]mtXn.
e`n-n-n-m B hkvXp-hn-s\-p-dn-p B{Klw
kvac- t- m IqSp- b-Xm- Ip- p. Bi- bm hn- n- - s
kvac-W-bp-- h a{-sf A[ym-b\w sNp-p. I sNp-p. ]p{X-m-tcbpw ]ip--tfbpw Cn-p-p.
Cu temI-tbpw ]c-tem-I-tbpw Cn-p-p. Bi
D]m-kn-q.

k b Bimw {_t-Xyp-]mkvtX B
ibm fky kth-Imamx kar-[yn;
AtamLm lmkym ffintjm `hn;
bmh-Zm-imb KXw X{Xmky bYm Ima
Nmtcm `h-Xn, b Bimw {_tXyp
]mkvtX, AkvXn `Kh Bimb
`qb CXn Bimbm hmh `qtbm fkvXoXn
Xt `K-hm {_ho-Xzn-Xn.
As\ BcmtWm Bisb {_-sap hv D]m-knp-Xv Ahs Fm Ima-fpw Bi-bm kar--fm-bn-o-cp-p. Bi-bpsS hnjbw F{X- bptm AXn
Ch\v km-c-kzm-X{yw knn-p-p. Bi-b-m henb-sX-s-n-ep-aptm Fv tNmZn-p. Xo-bm-bp- ap-tm
Fp-cw ]d-p. Atbm `K-hmt\ Ahsb F\np
D]-tZ-in-p-X-mepw Fv \mc-Z At]-n-p. Ans\
BIs Fp--chpw ]d-p.

]Xn-\ mw Jw
{]mtWm hm Bimb `qbm, bYm
hm Acm \m `u kan-Xm, Gh
akvan {]mtW khw kanZw
{]mWx {]mtW-\-bmXn; {]mWx {]
Ww Z`m-Xn, {]mWm-b-Z-ZmXn; {]mtWm
l ]nXm; {]mtWm amXm, {]mtWm
`qXm; {]mWx kzkm {]mW B
Nmx {]mtWm {_mWx
{]mW Bi-sb-m IqSn-b-Xm-Ip-p. GXp {]Im-camtWm Bc-m-ep-I cY-N{- I-ns IpS-n kan-s-n-cn-p--Xv, AXp-t]mse Cu {]mW-\n Fmw
kan--s-n-cn-p-p. {]mW {]mWs\smp Kanp-p. {]mW {]mWs\ Zm\w sNp-p. {]mW\p Zm\w
sNp-p. ]nXmhv {]mW-\m-Ip-p. amXmhv {]mW-\m-Ip-p.
{`mXmhv {]mW- \m-Ip-p. tkmZcn {]mW- \m-Ip- p. BNm- cy
{]mW-\m-Ip-p. {_m-W {]mW-\m-Ip-p.

kbZn ]nXcw hm, amX\w hm,

{`mXcw hm, kzkmcw hm ffNmcyw
hm, {_mWw hm Inw NnZv `ri
anh {]Xym-l, [nIv Xzm fkvXntXy,
ss]\ amlpx ]nXrlm ssh Xzakn
amXr-lmssh Xza-kn, {`mXrlm ssh
Xza-kn, kzkrlm sshXy-akym Nmcy
lmssh Xza-kn, {_mW lmssh
Xza-k o-Xn.

GsX-nepw ]pcp-j ]nXm-hn-t\m-tSm, amXm-hn-t\m-tSm,

`qXm-hn-t\m-tSm, kzkm-hn-t\mtSm BNm-cy-t\m-tSm, {_mW-t\m-tSm, Aev]w IS hn[-n Dcw ]d-bp-p,
Fn Chs\ \o \ny-\mWv Fpw \o ]nXm-hns\ l\n-h-\m-Ip-p. \o amXm-hns\ l\n--h-\m-Ip-p. \o {`mXmhns\ l\n--h-\m-Ip-p. \o kzkm- hns\ l\n--h-\m-Ip- p.
\o BNm-cys\ l\n-h
- -\m-Ip-p. \o {_m-Ws\ l\n-h-\m-Ipp Fp-Xs ]d-bp-p.

AY bZy-t]y-\m\p {Im {]mWm

Rvipte\ kamkw h]y-Xnjw Ztl,
ss ssh\w {_qbx ]nXr-lm-ko-Xn,
\ amXrlm fkoXn \ {`mXrlmf
koXn, \ kzkrlm fkoXn, ffNm,
lm fkoXn, \ {_mW lm fkoXn.
{]mW t]mbn-cn-p Chsc iqew- sImv tXmnIq-n, Ah-b-h-sf thsd thsd-bmn Zln-n-mepw
Chs\ \o ]nXm-hns\ l\n-h
- \
- m-Wv Xo-bmbpw ]dbp-I-bn-. \o amXm-hns\ sIm-h-\m-Wpw ]d-I-bn-. \o
{`mXm-hns\ h[n--h-\m-Wpw ]d-I-bn-. \o kzkm-hns\
sIm-h-\m-sWpw ]d-I- bn-. \o BNm-cys\ sIm-h-\msWpw ]d- I-bn-. \o {_-Ws\ sIm-h- \m- sWpw ]dI-bn- .

{]mtWm tly sshXm\n khmWn

`hXn; k hm Gj Ghw ]iy
thw a\zm\ Ghw hnPm-\
Xn hmZo `hXn; Xw tNZv {_qbp-cXn
hmZy-ko, XyXn-hmZy kvaoXn-{_q-bmXv;
\mh p hoX
ta-d ]nXmhv apX- em-b-h-scmw {]mW Xsbm-Ip-p. A-s\-bp {]mWs\ Adn-bp--h Cs\
Ipw a\\w sNbvXp \n-bnpw ISp ]d-bp--h\
- mbn-o-cp-p. Ah-t\mSv \o AXn-hm-Zn-bm-Wv Bsc-nepw
]d-I-bm-W-n Rm AXn-hm-Zn-bmWv Fp ]dbpw; adbvp-I-bn- .

263

I ]Xn-\mdmw Jw
GjXp hm AXn-hm-ZXn bx ktXy\m
Xn hZXn tkmlw `Khx ktXy-\mXn
hZm-\oXn kXyw tXzh hnPnm
knX hyan-Xn. kXyw `Kthm hnPn
mk CXn.
BcmtWm ]c-am-amb kXyw Adn-bp--Xp-sImv
AXn-h-Zn-p-Xv Ah Ch-\m-Wv. A-bpsS ASp-
hn-cn-p Rm kXyw-sImv AXn-h-Zn-p-hm Cnpp Fv \mc-Z At]-n-p. A-s\-bm-Wn
kXyw Xs Adn-bp-hm B{K-ln-Ww. k\Ip-am-c
adp-]Sn ]d-p. Atbm `K-hms\ Rm kXys Adnbp-hm B{K- ln-pp Fp \mc-Z ]d-p.

]Xn-t\gmw Jw
b Zm ssh hnPm-\m-XyY kXyw hZXn
\mhn-Pm-\ kXyw hZXn. hnPm\
th kXyw hZXn hnm\w

]sm]Xmw Jw

bZm ssh {i-[m-XyY a\p-tX, \m{i

[-\p-tX, {i-[-tZ-h-a-\ptX {imf
tXzh hnPn-ZvRm-knX thyXn. {imw
`Kthm hnPn-mk CXn.
Ftm-gmtWm {in- p-Xv Atm a\\w sNp- p.
{in-m--h a\\w sNp-n-. {in-p-h am{Xta
a\\w sNp-p-q. {i-Xs
- - bmWv Adn-bp-hm B{Kln--s-tS-Xv Fp k\Ip-am-c ]d-p. Atbm
`K- hms\ Rm {isb Adn- bp- hm B{K- ln- pp Fv
\mc-Z ]d-p.

Ccp-] Xmw Jw
bZm ssh \nkvXn-jvT-XyY {iZp-[mXn \m
\nkvXn-jvT-RvOvd--[mXn; \nkvXn-jvT-th
{i-[mXn; \njvTn-tXzh hnPn-mko
X thyXn \njvTmw `Kthm hnPn-mk
CXn.

Ftm-gmtWm \njvT-bp--h-\m-bn-cn-p-Xv Atm

{in- p-p. \njvT-bn-m--h {in- p-n-. \njvT- bpm\w `Kthm hnPn-mk CXn.
-h am{Xsa {i-bp--h-\m-bn-cn-p-I-bp-p. \njvT
Ftm- gmtWm kXy- t- p- dnp hnm- \-ap--h-\m-bn- Xs Adn-bp-hm B{K-ln-p-p. Fp k\Ip-am-c
o-cp--Xv, A\-cw kXys hZn-p-p. kXy-s- p- ]d-p. Atbm `K-hms\ Rm \njvTtb Adn-bp-hm
dnp hnm-\-an-m--h kXys hZn--bn- . hnm- B{K-ln-pp Fv \mc-Z ]d-p.
\-ap--h kXyta ]d-bp-I-bp-q. hnm\w Xs Adnbp- hm B{K- ln--s- tS-- Xm-Ipp Fp k\Ip- am-c
]d-p. Atbm `K-hms\ hnm-\s Adn-bp-hm Ccp- ] - s mmw Jw
Rm B{K-ln-pp Fv \mc-Z Adn-bn-p.
bZm ssh Itcm-XyY \nkvXn-jvTXn; \mIr

tXzh hnPn-m-knX hyan-Xn. hn

]Xn-s\mw Jw
bZm ssh a\ptX fY hnPm-\m-Xn;
\maXzm hnPm-\mXn; assXzh hn
Pm\mXn aXn-kvtXzh hnPn-mkn
Xthy-Xn. aXnw `Kthm hnPn-mk
CXn.
Ftm-gmtWm a\\w sNp-Xv AXn-\p- tijw hnm\-ap--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. a\\w sNmsX hnm-\-ap-h-\m-bn-o-cp-I-bn-. a\\w sNbvXm am{Xsa hnm-\ap--h-\m-bn-o-cp-I-bp-p. a\\w Xs Adn-bp-hm
B{K-ln- -s-tS--Xm-Ip- p. Fp k\Ip-am-c ]dp. `K-hm-s\, aXntb Rm Adn-bp-hm B{K-ln-pp
Fv \mc- Z ]d-p.

Xzm \nkvXn-jvTXn; IrssXzh \nkvXn-jvTXn;

IrXnkvtX h hnPn-m-kn-X-thy-Xn. IrXnw
`Kthm hnPn-mk CXn.
Ftm-gmtWm IrXn-bp--h-\m-bn-cn-p-Xv Atm
\njvT-bp-h
- -\m-bn-o-cp-p. IrXn-bn-msX Ccp- m
\njvT -bp--h-\m-bn-cn--bn-. IrXn-tbmSp IqSn-bn-cp- np
Xs \njvS-bp-- h\
- m-bn-cn-p-p. IrXn Xs Adn-b-stS--XmWv Fp k\Ip-am-c ]d-p. `K-hms\
IrXnsb Rm Adn-bp-hm B{K- ln-pp Fp \mcZ Adn-bn-p.

Ccp-] n cmw Jw
bZm ssh kpJw e`-tX-fY-I-tcmXn;
\m kpJw e_v[zm Itcm-Xn, kpJ-tah

264

e_v[zm ItcmXn kpJw tXzh hnPn

mkn Xhy-an-Xn. kpJw `Kthm hnPn
mk CXn.
Ftm-gmtWm kpJw e`n-p-Xv Atm IrXn-bp-h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. kpJw e`n-msX IrXn-bp--h-\m-bn-cnp-Ib
- n-. kpJw e`nm am{Xsa IrXn-bp-h
- \
- m-bn-cnp-I-b p-p. kpJw Adn-bp-hm B{K-ln--s-S-Ww.
Fp k\Ip-am-c ]d-p. `K-hmt\ kpJs Adnbp-hm Rm B{K-ln-pp \mc-Z ]d-p.

Ccp-] - n- aqmw Jw
tbm ssh `qam XXv kpJw; \evt]
kpJ-akvXn; `q ssah kpJw; `qamtXz
h hnPn-m-kn-Xhy CXn; `qam\w
`Kthm hnPn-mk CXn.
GXmtWm alp AXmWv kpJw. Aev]-n kpJan-. kpJw `qam-hp-X- s- bmWv `qam-hp-Xs Adn-bp-hm
B{K-ln-Ww Fp k\Ip-am-c ]d-p. Atbm
`K-hms\ `qam-hns\ Adn-bp-hm Rm B{K-ln-pp
Fv \mc-Z At]-n-p.

Ccp-] - n- \ memw Jw
b{X \m\yXv ]iy-Xn, \m\y-y-tWmXn;
\m\y ZznPm-\mXn k`q-am, AY b{Xm-\y
]iy-Xy-\y-ytWm Xy\yZzn Pm\m-Xn, XZ
ev]w. tbm ssh `qam XZ-arXw AY-b-Zev]w
Xyw k `Khx Ikvan {]Xn-jvTnX
CXn. tkza-lnav\n; bZn hm\ aln-av\o-Xn.
GsXmcp XXz- n- emtWm asm- ns\ ImWm- - Xv, asmns\ tIm-Xv asm-ns\ Adn-bm--Xv AXv `qamhm-Ip-p. GsXm-n-emtWm asm-ns\ ImWp--Xv, asmns\ tIp-Xv asm-ns\ Adn-bp-Xv AXv Aev]am-Ip- p. GXmtWm `qamhv AXv Aar- X- am- Ip-p. GXmtWm
Aev]-am-bn-p-Xv AXv ay-am-Ip-p. `K-hms\ Cu
`qamhv Fn-emWv {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-p-Xv? Fp \mcZ tNmZn-p. kz-amb aln-am-hn {]Xn-jvTn-X- am-bn-cn-pp. A-n aln-am-hnepw {]Xn-jvTn-X-a-.

tKm Aiz-anl aln taXym NtX

lkvXn-ln-cWyw Zmk `mcyw t{Xm Wym
bX-\m-\o-Xn. \ml tahw {_hoan; {_
hoao-Xntlm hmNmt\ym ly\y-kvan
{]XnjvTnX C\n.

tKm-tfbpw Aiz--tfbpw KP--tfbpw kztbpw Zmk-m- tcbpw `mcy-am-tcbpw hb-ep- I-tfbpw hoSpI-tfbpw C-s\-bp-h Cu temI-n aln-am-shv
]d-bp- p. asm-m-Wtm asm- n {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn- cn-pXv Fp- -X p-s Imv Rm Cns\ ]d-b p- n-.
Fm C{]- Imcw ]d-bpp Fv k\Ip- am- c ]d- p.

Ccp-] - mw Jw
k Ghm-[-kvXm-Xv, k D]-cn-m-Xv, k ]
mXv, k ]pc-kvXm-Xv, k Zn-WXx
k D-cXx k GthZw kh-an-Xn,
AYmtXm flwImc tZi Gh l
tahm A[-kvXm-Zl ap]-cnm Zlw
]m-Zlw ]pc-kvXm-Zlw ZoW tXmf
lap--ctXm flta thZw kh-an-Xn.
Xmsg B `qam-hp-X-s-bm-Wv. apI-fnepw ]Sn-mdpw
Ingpw hSpw `qam-hp-X-s-bm-Wv. PK-smw AXp-Xs-bm-Ip- p. C\n Alw Imcm-tZiw ]d-b-s- Sp- p. At[m`m-K-n Xs-bm-Wv. ]Sn-mdp Rm Xs-bmWv
Ingp Rm Xs-bm-Wv. sXpw Ingpw Rm Xsbm-Wv. Cu PK-smw Rm Xs-bm-W.v

AYmX Bm-tZi Ghm ffsshm

[kvXm, Zmtm ]cn-m, Zmm ]m,
Zmm-]p-c-kvXm, Zmm-Z-n-WX
- , B
tm-cX Bss-thZw kh-anXn
khm Gj Ghw ]iy-thw a\zm\
Ghw hnPm-\-m cXn-cm--{IoU
B anYp\ Bm-\x k kzcmUv
`h-Xn. Xky kthjp temtIjp Ima-Nmtcm
`hXn AYtb f\yYm ftXm hnZp-c\y cmPm
\kvtX temIm `hn tXjmw
kthjp temtIjz Ima-Nmtcm `h-Xn.
A\-cw Bm-tZiw ]d-bp-p. At[m-`m-K-n
Bm-hp-X-s- bm-W.v D]-cn-`m-K-n Bmhp Xs-bmWv. ]mXv `mKv Bm-hp-X-s-bm-Wv. ]ptcm `mKnepw Bmhp Xs-bm-Wv. Zn-W, hma-`m-K--fnepw
Bm-hp-X -s-bm-Wv. C{]-Imcw Adn-bp--h Bmhns can-p--h-\mbpw Bm-hns {IoVnp--h-\m-bpw, Bm-hp-sImp Xs Zzz-kpJw A\p`- hn-p--h-\m-bpw, Bm-hn- s\- sm- p- Xs Bn-p- h-\mbpw Ccn-p-p. Ah kzcm-m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah\v
Fm temI--fnepw Ima-Nmcw knn-p-p. BcmtWm
CXn\p hn]-co-X- ambn Adn-bp--Xv, Ah thsd kzman-bp-

265

I -h-cmbpw b-ap temI--tfmSp IqSn-b-h-cmbpw Xocpp. Ahv Fm temI--fnepw Ima-Nm-c-an-m-bI

v bpw
hp IqSp-p.

Ccp-] - mdmw Jw
Xky l hm GX-sskyhw ]iyX
Ghw a\zm\ sskyhw hnPm-\Xm
BXx {]mW, B-X, Bimff
Xx kvac, BX BIm-iw, B
mX-kvtX-P, BX B] BX
Bhn`m-h-Xntcm `mhm, hmtXm f
amtXm _e, amtXm hnm-\,
amtXm [ym\ am-X-n amXx
kev] BtXm a\ BtXm
hmKm-tXm \ma fftXm a{m B
\x Im-Wym-X GthZw kanXn.
Cs\ ImWp--h\pw Cs\ a\\w sNp--h\pw
Cs\ Adn-bp--h-\p-amb B hnZzm\v {]mW Bmhn \nm-Ip-p. Bi Bm-hn \nm-Ip-p. kvarXn
Bm-hn \nm-Ip-p. BImiw Bm-hn \nm-Ipp. tXPv Bm-hn \nm-Ip- p. Ap-I Bm- hn
\nm-Ip-p. D-nbpw {]f-bhpw Bm-hn \nmIp-p. Aw Bm-hn \nm-Ip-p. _ew Bm-hn
\nm-Ip-p. hnm\w Bm-hn \nm-Ip-p. [ym\w
Bm-hn\n-m-Ip-p. Nnw Bm-hn \nm-Ip-p.
kev]w Bm- hn \nm- Ip- p. hmv Bm- hn \nmIp-p. \maw Bm-hn \nm-Ip-p. a{- Bmhn \nm-Ip-p. I- Am- hn \nm-Ip-p. Cu
PKsmw Bm-hn \nm-Ip-p.

XtZj tmI \ ]tiym arXypw ]iyXn

\tcm-Kw, t\m X Zpx JXmw, khw l
]iyx ]iyXn khw {]m]vt\mXn khi
CXn. k GI-ss[h `h-Xn, {Xn[m `
hXn ][m k]vX[m \h[m ssNh
]p\ ssIm-Zix kvarXx iXw N
Zi ssNI kl-{km-WnN hnwiXnx
Blmcw ipu kXz-ipnx kXz-ipu
{[phm kvarXnx kvarXn eavt` kh{K
o\mw hn{]-tam--kvXkvssa arZn-XI
jmbmb Xa-kk
- v]mcw Zi-bXn `K-hm
k\Ip-am-ckvXw kvI CXym N-tX,
XwkvI CXym-N
- -tX.

B A- n Cu a{w Dv. bYms

ImWp--h ac- Ws ImWp-n- . tcmKt ImWp-n. ZpxJ `mht ImWp-n-. bYm Zkn khtbpw ImWp-p. Fm {]Im-c-nepw khs {]m]np-p. B hnZzm Hcp hn[- n Ccn-p-p. aqp {]Imc- nepw Ap {]Im-c-n-epw, Bbn-o- cp- p. Ggp {]Imc-n-epw, H]Xp hn[- nepw ]n--Xn-s\m-m-bnpw \qn-Xn-s\m-m- bnpw Bbn- c-n- cq-]-Xm-bn-pw, `hn-p- p. hnjbm-\p-`-h-cq-]a
- mb hnm-\-n\p ipn-bp-m-Ip-tm
AxIc-W-ipn Dm-Ip-p. kXz ipn-bp-m-Ip- tm
Ahn-n--bmb kvarXn Dm-Ip-p. kvarXn-sb-e-`n-m
Fm lrZ-b{- K-n-I-fptSbpw hn\miw Dm-Ipp. cmKtZz-jmZn cq]-amb Id Igp-In--f-n-p B\m-c-Zv `hm\mb k\Ip-am-c Ahn-Zym-cp-]-amb X]-n-n-p-d-ap
]c-am-X- Xzs ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-p. At-ls (k\Ip-am-cs\) kvI Fp ]d-bp-p.

Fmw Aymbw
Hmw Jw
Znv tZiw Imew apX- em-bh
- b
- psS t`Z--sfm-p-an-mXpw kh-P-K-Zm--Ihpw GIhpw AZzn-Xo-b-hp-amb
BXm-am-hmWv {_-sav ap]n ]dp Ignp.
Fnepw hnm-\n-I-f-m--hv {_s Adn-bp-Xn-\mbn lrZ-b-]p--co- Is Dt]-Z-in-t--Xm- h- iy- am-Wv.
{_-hn-p-I-v kv{XoI BZn-bmb hnj-b
- -fn
\nv X\nsb \nhrn Dm- Ip-sa-nepw km[m-c-W- mv
hnj-bX
- r-jva-bn \np tamN\w Ffp--a-. AXn\v
{_-Ncyw XpS-nb km[-\-hn-ti-j- IqSntb Xocq.
Znv tZi, KpWw, KXn, ^ew apX-em-b-h-bpsS t`Z-an-mXpw ]c-am-k-pw, AZz-b-hp-amb {_ a-_p-nIv Ak-s--t]mse tXmp-I-bp-p. BZyw Ah
t\h-gn-p-hc
- -s, ]ns kmh-[m\w Ahv ]c-amk-n-t\bpw {Klnnp sImSpmw Fp {ipXn hnNm-cnp-p.

lcnx Hmw AY bZn-Z-a-kvan {_-]ptc

Zlcw ]p-coIw thiva Zltcm fkvan
cw Imi kvXkvan bZ kvXZ-t\zjvT
hyw, XZzm-h-h n-Pn-m-knX hyan-Xn.
Cu ico-c
- n sNdp-Xmb Cu lrZ-b]
- p--co-I-amIp Krlw GtXm Cu Krl-ns Dn sNdp-Xmb
BImiw Dv. AXn-\p-n GXmtWm DXv AXv At\zjn--s-tS--Xm-Ip-p. AXv Adn-b-s-tS--Xm-Ip-p.

Xw tNZv {_qbpZn Za-kvan {_

]ptc Zlcw ]p-coIw thiva
Zltcm kvan--cm-Imix Inw XZ{X

266

Cu icocns Pc-sImv Cu A-cm-Im-i-sap

]d-bp {_w Pcsb {]m]n--bn-. Cu ico-c
- ns
h[-m l\n--s-Sp-I-bn-. kXy-amb {_-]pcw CXmCu {_-]p-c-n sNdp-X mb ]pWvZ-co-I-am-Ip
Wv. CXn Fm Ima-fpw nXn-sN-p-p. CXv BmKrlw GtXm, CXns Dn D BImiw AXnepw
hm-Ip-p. [m-Z-cq-]a
- mb ]m]w Cm-Xm-p-p. PcsNdp-Xm-Ip-p. CXn GXmtWm At\z-jn--s-tS--Xv,
bn-m--Xpw, arXyp-hn-m--Xpw, timI-an-m--Xpw, hniGXmtWm Adn-b-s-tS-Xv An-s\-bp FmWv
n-m--X-Xpw, Zml-an-m-Xpw k^-e--fmb Ima--tfmDXv? BNm- cy- t\mSv injy-m tNmZn--bm-W-n Ah
Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw kXy--fmb kXy--fmb k-ev]
- -tfmSp
]d-b-Ww.
IqSn-bXpw BIp-p. GXp {]Imcw Cu temI-n {]Pbmhm hm Ab-am-Imi kvXmhmt\
I X-fpsS kzman-I-fpsS A\p-im-k\w A\p-k-cnv
tjm lrZb BImix Dt`
A\p-hn-p-p. GtXXp tZi-tbpw GXp P\-]Z- tbpw GXp t{X-`m-K-tbpw B{K-ln-p--hc
- m-bnAkvan tZymhm ]rYnho A-tch
cn-p-pthm AXm-Xn-s\-s D]-Po-hn-p-p.
kam-ln-tX, D`m-h-n hmbp "kq

mN-{-a-kmhp Zu' hnZyp---{Xm-Wn,

bm-tky-lm-kvXn-b-\
- mkvXn khw XZ

XZytY l I PntXm temIx o

bX Gh-ta-hm-ap-{X-] pWy PotXm

kvan kam-lnX anXn.

temIx obtX XZy Clm f /m

Cu `uXn-Im-Imiw F{X-tm-f-ap--XmtWm Cu lrZb-n- ep BImiw A{X-tm-f-ap--Xm-W.v Zymhm ]rYnhn-I cpw CXn-\ p-ns nXn-s N- p- p.
Anbpw hmbphpw F cpw, kqcy-N{- -m cpw
hnZyppw \-{X-fpw Cu tZlnv Cu temI-n
Dtm AXp GXv Ctbm AXp Fmw Cu lrZ-bm-Im-in nXn-sN-p-p.

Xw tNZ {_qbp, ckvanw tZv {_]p

tc khw kam-ln-Xw, khmWn N
`qXm-\n, kth NIm-am, bssZ-X
cm f hm]vt\mXn {][zw-ktX hm, Inw
XmtXm f Xnin-jyX CXn. k{_q-bmXv
Cu {_-]p-c-n Fm `qX-fpw Fm Ima-fpw
khhpw kam-l n-X- a m-b n-cn- p- p. Fn Ftm
CXns\ Pc {]m]n-tbm AXp \in-tbm sNp-pthm
Atm AXn\nv A\ya-ambn Fv A[n-I-ambn
tijnpw? ANm-cy-t\mSv tNmZn--bm-W-n Ah ]db-a w.
Fns\ Fm-

hnZytX bZ-t\z hyw bZzmh hnPn

mknX hyanXn; k {_qbmXv

\mky Pc-ssb-X -oXn; \ht[

\mky l\ytX; GXXv kXyw {_
]p-c, akvan Imamx kam-lnXmx,
Gj Bm f ]lX ]m]va hnP
tcm hnar-Xyphn-timtIm hnPn-Ltmf
]n]mkx kXy-Imax kXy-k-ev]x bYm
tlythl {]Pm At\zm-hn-i-n, bw
ba--a`n Imam `hn bw P\-]Zw
bw t{X `mKw \tathm ] Pohn

\a-\-\p-hnZy {hPty Xmw k-Xym

Imamw kvtXjmw kthjp temtIjz
Imam-Nmtcm `hXn; AY b Clm f f m
\ a\p-hnZy {hP-tyXmw Imamw kvtX
jmw kthjp temtIjp Ima-Nmtcm `h-Xn.
GsXmcp {]Im-c-n Cu temI-n tkhm-Zn-Im km-Zn--s-Sp temIw bn-p-p. C{]-Imcw
Xs ]c-tem-I-n ]pWy-m km-Zn--s-Sp
temIw bn-p-p. AXn-\m BcmtWm Cu temIn Bm-hn-t\bpw Fm Ima--tfbpw Adn-bmsX
icocw hnp-t]m-hp-Xv Ahv Fm temI--fnepw
Akzm-X{yw Dm-hp-p. Fm BcmtWm Cu temIn Bm-hns\ Adn-nv icocw hnp-t]m-hp-Xv
Ahv Fm temI--fnepw kzmX{yw knn-p-p.

cmw Jw
k bZn ]nXr temI-Imtam `hXn
k-ev]m-tZ-hmky ]nXcx kap-njvT
n tX\ ]nXr-tem-tI\ ktm alo-b-tX.
Bm-hns\ Adn- bp--h ]nXr-tem-Is B{K-ln- p - h - \ m bn `hn - p p F n Chs k - e v ]ms ]nXm- Ah- t\mSv kw_-n- phcm-bno-cp-p. B ]nXr-tem-I-m kar--\m-bnv almyw
A\p-`- hn- p-p.

AY bZn amXr-temI Imtam `hXn

kev]m tZhmky amXcx kap-n-jvT-n,
tXX amXr-tem-tI\ ktm alobtX

267

]ns amXr-tem-II
- m-a-\m-bn-cn-pp Fn Chs
k- ev]-ms amXm- kap- m\w sNp-p. B
amXr-tem-I-m kar--\m-bnv amlmyw {]m]n-p-p.

AY bZn {`mXr-temI Imtam `h-Xn,

k-ev]m-tZ-hmky {`mXcx kap-njvT
n; tX\ {`mXr temtI\ ktm
alo-b-tX.
{`mXr-tem-Is Iman-p--h-\m-W
- n Chs kev]
- ms {`m-Xm- kap-m\w sNp-p. B
`rXr-tem-I-m k--\m-bnv Ah amlm-ys
A\p-`- hn- p-p.

AY bZn kzkr-temI Imtam `h-Xn,

kev]m tZhmky kzkmcx kapn
jvTn, tX\ kzkr-tem-tI\
ktm alo-b-tX.
ktlm-Z-cn-I-fpsS temIs B{K-lnI-p--h-\m-bn-cnpp Fn, Chs k- e]
v - ms kzmkm-
Ah-t\mSp kw_-n-p-p. B kzkr-tem-I-m kar-\m-bnv Ah amlmyw A\p-`h
- n-p-p.

AY bZn kJn-temI Imtam `hXn

kev]m tZhky kJm bx kapn
jvTn; tX\ kJn temtI\
ktm alo-btX
kJn temIs B{K- ln- p- -h-\m-bn-cp- m Chs
k-ev]-m- s, kJm- Ah-t\mSp kw_- n-pp. B kJn-tem-I-m kar--\m-bnv amlmyw A\p`-hn-p- p.

AY bZn K-am-ey-temI Imtam

`hXn kev]m tZhmky K
amtey kap-n-jvTXx tX\ K
amey temtI\ ktm alo-btX
K- a m-e y-tem-I s B{K-l n- p- -h -\ m-s W-n
Chs k-ev]-ms K-am-ey- kap- m\w
sNp- p. B K-a m-e y-tem-I - m kar--\ m-bnv
amlmyw A\p-`-hn-p-p.

AY[ bZy ]m\ temI Imtam `h-Xn,

kev]m tZhm-kym ]mt\ kap-n-jvTXx
tX\m--]m\ temtI\ ktm alobtX
A-]m\ temIs Iman-p- - h- \m-sW- n Ahs
k- ev]- ms A-]m- \- kap- m\w sNp- p.
B A- ]m\ temI-m kar-- \m-bnv amlmyw A\p`-hn-p- p.

AY bZo-KoX hmZnX temIIm

tam `h-Xn, k-ev]m-tZ-hky KoX
hmZntX kap-n-jvTXx tX\ KoX
hmZn-Xt- em-tI\ ktm alobtX

KoX hmZn-X--fpsS temI-sf B{K-ln-p--h-\m-Wn Chs k-ev]-ms KoX-hm-Zn-X- Aht\mSp kw_-n-p-p. B KoX-hm-ZnX temI-m k-\m-bnv almyw A\p-`-hn-p-p.

AY bZn kv{XotemI Imtam `hXn

kev]m tZhky kv{Xobx kap-njvT
n; tX\ kv{Xotem-tI\ ktm alo-btX
kv{Xotem- Is B{K-ln-p--h-\m-bn- cp- m, Chs
k- ev]-m-s, kv{XoI kap-m\w sNp- p. B
kv{Xotem- I-m kar- - \m-bnv almyw A\p-`-hn-p- p.

bw ba--a-`n-Imtam `h-Xn, bw
Imaw Ima-btX tkmfky kev]m
tZh kap-n-jvTXn; tX\ ktm alo-btX
GtXXp tZiw B{K-ln- p--h-\m- bn-cn- p-p- thm, GXp
Imas Iman- p- p- t hm, AXv Chs k- e v ] ms Ah-t\mSp kw_-n-p-p. AXn-\m
kar--\m-bnv almyw A\p-`-hn-p-p.

aqmw Jw
X Cta kXymx Imam A\r-Xm-]n-[m\mx
tXjmw kXym \mw kXm-a-\r-X-a-]n-[m\w;
tbm lytkyXx ss{]Xn \ Xanl
Zi-\mb e`tX
An-s\-bp Cu kXy--fmb Ima- A\r-X- amIp A]n-[m-\-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bh
- b
- m-Ip-p. kXy--fm-bn-cnp Ahbvv A\rXw ad-hm- Ip-p. Cu Pp-hn\v BcmcmtWm Cu temI-n \np acn-p-Xv Ahs\ Cu
temI-n hopw ImWp--Xn\v e`n-p-n-.

AYtb Nmtky l Pohmtb Nm

t{]Xm-b-m-\y-Zn- \e-`-tX, khw
XZ{X KXzm hn-tX. A{X lyssky
tX kXymx Imam A\r-Xm-hn-[m\mx
XZyYm f ]n lnc-Wy-\n[nw \nln-X-a-t{X
mD-]p-]cn k-ctm \ hnt
bp, tc hta th amx khmx {]Pm
Al-c-l-y GXw {_-temIw
\ hny \rtX\ ln {]XyqUx

268

Cu Pp-hn\v Cu temI--fn BcmtWm Pohn-n-cnp--h-cmbn DXv BcmtWm t{]X-cm-bn-p-Xv thsd

Ftm-mtWm Cn-nv e`n-m-Xn-cn-p-Xv AXns\
Fmw lrZ-bm-Im-i-sap ]d-bp Cu {_-n Kanm e`n-p- p. Fm ChnsS Chs Fm Ima- fpw
A\r-X-am-Ip ad-thmSp IqSn nXn-sN-p-p. AXn\p
Zrmw ]d-bmw. GXp {]Im-c-amtWm `qan-bn Ipgn-n-np kz-\n-[n-bpsS ASp-p-ap-I-fn k-cn-p-sImn-cn-p--h-cm-bn-cp-mepw \n[n-t-{Xs Adn-bm-hv e`n-m-Xn-cn-p-Xv C{]-Imcw Xs Cu {]P-Isfmw Cu {_-am-Ip temIs Znh-kw-tXmdpw Kanp--h-cm-bn-cp-npw e`n-p-n-. Fs-m A\r-Xm Ah kzcq-]-n\nv A]-l- cn--s- n-cn-p-p.

k hm Gj Bm lrZn; Xssky
XtZh \ncpw lrZy-b-anXn; Xkvam
yZbw; Al-c-lm Ghw hnXv
kzw temI-ta-Xn.

-tXtXm cn-t\bpw Iqn-s-p-p. CXp sImv cnt\bpw \nb-an-pp Fp--Xn-\m ""bav'' Fp ]d-bs-Sp-p. C{]-Imcw Adn-bp--h Znhkw tXmdpw kzam-Ip temIs {]m]n-p-p.

\memw Jw
AY b Bm ktk-Xp, hn[rXn tc
jmw temIm-\m-akw t`Zmb; ss\
Xw tkXp atlm cmt{X Xc-tXm, \
Pcm, \ar-Xyp, timtIm \kp-IrXw
\ ZpjvIr-Xw, kth ]m]vamt\mf
tXmXn-ht; A] lX ]m]v
amtlyj {_-temIx

Bm-shp ]d--tXtXm AXv Cu temI-v

hn\miw hcm-Xn-cn-p-n-\m-bp th-hn-[-n \ne\np--Xmb tkXp BIp-p. Cu tkXp-hns\ AtlmAn-s\-bp {]Ir-X-amb Cu Bm-hmWv lrZ-bcm-{X- ]cn-tO-Zn-p-n-. Pc {]m]n-p-n-. arXyp
n-ep--Xv. A-s\-bp Cu lrZ-b-n\v lrZ-b-n
{]m]n-p-n-. timIw {]m]n-p-n-. kpIrXw {]m]n-pCXm Bmhp nXn sNpp Fp--Xp-Xs \nhn- . ZpjvI rXw {]m]n- p- n- . Fm ]m]- fpw
N-\-am- Ip-p. AXp-sImv lrZ- b- sap ]d- bp-p. C{]-Imcw
CXn\np \nhn- p-p. Fp-sIm-s-m Cu
Adn-bp--h Znhkw tXmdpw kz-temIw {]m]n-p-p.
{_-am-Ip temIw ]pWy-]m-]- Cm--Xm-W.v

AY b Gj k{-kmtZm f kvam
cocmXv kap-mb ]cw tPymXn-cp]
kw]-Zy-tk\ cqt]-W-` n-\n-j v]-ZytX;
Gj Bt-Xntlm hm ssNX arX
-a-`b taXZv {_tXn Xky l hm
GXky {_tWm \ma-k-Xy-an-Xn.
Cu kz-tem-Is {]m]n-p-sap ]d hnZzm
Btcm Ah icocw Bm-sh-p `mh-\sb Dt]-nn-v, ]c-amb tPymXn-ns\ {]m]np kz- cq-]-n Bbno-cp-p. CXp Bmhv Fv BNm-cy ]d-p. CXv
Ahn-\m-inbpw `b-an-m-- Xp-am-Ip-p. CXv {_-am-Ipp
Fp ]d-p. A-s\-bp Cu {_-ns \maw
kXy- am-Ip- p.

Xm\n lhm GXm\n {XnWy--cmWn

kXo-b-anXn XZyXv kXv XZ-arX
aY bXv Xn Xy, aY bZyw tXt\m
t` bXn; bZt\ t\t\m-t`-b-Xn
XkvamZyw Al-c-lhm Ghw hnXv
kzw temI taXn.
Ah ""kXobw'' Fv aqp A-c-am-Ip-p. Ah-bn
""kX'' Fp-Xv GtXm AXv Aar-X-am-Ip-p. ]ns Xn
Fp--tXtXm AXp ay-am-Ip-p. ]ns ba Fp-

XkvamZzm GXw tkXpw Xozmf

x kX tm `hXn; hnx
k-hntm `hXn; D]-Xm]n k\p
]Xm]o `hXn XkvamZzm GXw tkXpw
Xozm f ]n\--a-l-tc-hm`n \njv]-ZytX
kIr-Zzn-`m-tXmtly sshj {_-temIx
AXp-sImv Cu tkXp-hns\ XcWw sNbvXnv A\m-bn-cp--h A-\-m--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. ZpxJmZn-kw_-- ap--h-\m-bn-cp--h ZpxJmZn-kw-_--an-m--h-\mbn-o-cp-p. tcmKm-Zyp-]-Xm-]--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bn-cp--h D]Xm-]--fn-m--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. AXp-sImv Cu tkXphns\ XcWw sNbvXnv cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw Bbn-o-cp-p.
Cu {_-temIw Ftmgpw Htc cq]-n {]Im-in-p-sImn-cn-p--Xm-Ip-p.

XZy G ssh Xw {_-temIw

{_-Nt-Wm-\p-hn--n, tXjm ta
sshj {_-tem-I, kvtXjmw kt
jp temtIjp Imam-Nm-tcm-`h
- -Xn.
AXn-\m BcmtWm Cu {_-tem-Is {_NcywsImv e`n-p--Xv, Cu {_-temIw Ahp
Xs- bm-Ip-p. Ahv Fm temI--fnepw kzmX{yw
knn-p-p.

269

I Amw Jw
AY bZy CXym N-tX, {_
N-ta-h-XXv {_-NtW tlyhtbm
mXw Xw hntX AY bZn
anXym-N-tX {_-N-tah XXv
{_ NtW tlythzm ff m\-a\p
hntX
GsXm-n-s\-bmtWm bw Fv in-m ]d-bpXv AXv {_-Ncyw Xs-bm-Ip-p. Fs-m {_N-cyw-sIm-p-Xs mXm-hm-bn-p--h\p {_-temIw
e`n-p-p. ]ns GXns\ C-sap ]d-bptm AXv
{_-N cyw Xs-b m-I p- p. Fs- m {_-N cyw
sImp-Xs Cuiz-cs\ ]qPn-nv AYhm Bm-hns\
GjW sNbvXnv Bm-hns\ e`n-p-p.

AY bXv k{m-bW anXym N

tXXv; {_-NtW tlyh kX
Bm\-kv{XmWw hntX; AYb
u\-an-Xym-N-tX {_-N-tah
XXv, {_-NtW lymm-\-a\p
hnZy-a-\ p-tX.
GXns\ BtWm kXv{Xm-bWw Fp ]d-bp-Xv AXv
{_-N cyw Xs-b m-I p- p. Fs- m {_-N cyw
sImp-Xs kn\nv Xs cWw e`n-p-p.
GsXm-ns\ BtWm au\w Fp ]d-bp-Xv AXv {_Ncyw BIp-p. Fs-m {_-N-cyw-sIm-p-Xs
Bm-hns\ Adn-nv a\\w sNp-p.

AY bZ-\m-i-Im-b-\-anXym NtX
{_-N-t a-h-X Xv; Gj-lym-m\
\iyXn bw {_-Nt-Wm-\p-hn-tX
AY bZ-c-Wym-b\ anXym NtX {_
N-ta-h-XXv; XZ-c lsshWy
mW hu {_-tem-tI, XrXob kym
antXm Znhn, XssZcw aZobw kcx
XZ-izx tkma-k-h\x XZ-]-cmPn
Xm ]q{_-Wx {]`q-hn-anXw lncbw.

kcv Dv. AhnsS tkma-h-\-sap t]cp As-n

AarXv Dudp Ac-bm Dv. AhnsS A]-cm-PnX Fp
t]cp {_-n ]pcn Dv. {]`q-hmb {_-m
hnti-jn-p-m--s kz-am-b-amb a]w Dv.

XZy G ssh Xmhcw NWyw Nm

hu {_-temtI {_-Nt-Wm\p
hn-n, tXjmta sshj {_tem
IkvtXjmw kthjp temtIjp Ima
Nmtcm-`-h-Xn.
B {_-tem-I -n BcmtWm Cu Ac-sapw
]pWysap ]d-bp A-h-sf {_-N-cyw-sImv
e`n-p-Xv Cu {_-temIw Ahv am{XamWv Ahv
Fm temI--fnepw kzmX{yw knn-p-p.

Bdmw Jw
{_-N-cymZn km[-\- XnI-pw, _mly-hn-j-b-fm-Ip A\r-X--fn-ep XrjvWtb shSnpw BcmtWm, lrZ-b-]p--co-I-n-ep-Xpw ta-d KpW-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-amb {_s D]m-kn-p-Xv Ah\v
aqm-hn-ep \mUn-bn IqSn-bp KXn-hn-h-cn-m
\mVo-J--s- -n-bmWv C\n ]d-bp--X.v

AY bm GXm lrZ-bky \mUy, kvXmx

]nv Ke-kym-Wnav\ kvXnjvT-n, ip
ky, \oe-ky, ]oX-ky, temln-X-tkyXn
Aku hm BZnXyx ]nvK-e, Gj ip Gj
\oe Gj ]oX Gj temlnXx
Cu lrZ-bs kw_-n \mVn- I Ghtbm Ah
]nvKe hhpw temln-X-h-hp-amb AWn-am-hpsImp \ndv nXn-sN-p-p. B BZn-Xy Xs
]nwK-e-h-tmSp IqSn-bn-cn-p-p. Cu BZn-Xy iph-tmSpw IqSn-bn-cn-p-p. Cu BZn-Xy \oe \ndtm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-p-p. Cu BZn-Xy ]oX-h-tm-SpIq-Sn-bn-cn-p-p. Cu BZn-Xy temln-X- htm-Sp-IqSn-bn-cn-p- p.

XZyYm alm-]Y BXX D`u {Kmsau

K-Xoaw Nmapw ssNhta sshXw
BZn-Xyky civab D`u temIu
Ko aw Nmapw Nm apjvam-ZmXym
Xv {]Xm-bt; Xm Bkp-\m-Uojp
kr]vXm Bt`ym-\m-Vo`yx {]Xm-bt
tX f apjvan-m-ZntXy kr]vXmx

GXns\ BtWm A\m-i-Im- b\w Fp ]d-bp-- Xv, AXv

{_-Ncyw Xs-bm-Ip-p. GXv Bm-hn-s\-bmtWm
{_-N-cyw-sImv e`n-p-Xv B Bmhv \in-p-n-.
]ns GXn-s\-bmtWm Ac-Wym-b\w Fp ]d-bp-Xv
AXp {_-Nc
- yw-X-s-bm-Ip-p. Cu temI-n\n-v,
aqm-as tZymhmb B {_-tem-I
- n Ac-sapw
]pWysa-pw, {]kn--amb kap-{Z- Dv. AhnsS
B hnjb-n\v Zrmw ]d-bmw. GXp {]ImcsFcw \nd-Xpw D]- tbm-Kn- p--hv aZ- P-\-Ihpw Bb nemtWm hym]vX-amb al-mb Hcp amw ASp-p-

270

I -Xpw, AI--Xp-amb cp {Kma-tf tNp--Xv, A{]Imcw Cu BZn-Xys civan-I CXpw AXp-amb cp

temI--fn Kan-p- p. BZnXy-a- -e - n \nv
XpS-bmbn ]c-p-p. Ah-\m-Un-I-fn {]th-in-n-cnpp; \mUn-I-fn \nv XpS-bmbn ]pd-s-Sp-p. Ah
B BZn-Xy-\n {]th-in-p-p.

XZy ss{XXXv kp]vXx kakvXx

kw{]-k x kz]v\w \hn-Pm-\m-Xymkp
kZm \mUojp kr]vtXm `hXn Xw
\ I\ ]m]vam-kv]r-iXn;
tXPkm ln XZm ktm `hXn
As\ Ccn- s, Ftm Cu kz]v\s kz]n-p
Poh kh- I-c-W-hym-]m-c-tf D]-kw-l- cn-pw, \- hw
{]km-Z-ap--h-\m-bpw, kz]v\s Adn-bm-Xn-cn-p-p-thm,
Atm Cu \mVn-I-fn {]th-i n--h-\m-bn-Xo-cp-p.
Ahs\ Hcp ]m]hpw kzin-p-n-. Atm tXP-n\m hym]vX-\m-bn-`h
- n-p-p.

AY b ss{X XZ _en-am\w \o tXm

`hXn Xa-`nX Bko\m Blp
Pm\m-knamw Pm\m-kn-am-anXn bmh
Zkvam-c
- o-cm-Z-\p{Im `hXn Xmh
m\m- Xn.
A\-cw GXp Imev B _e-Xzs {]m]n--s-h-\m-bn-Xo-cp-p-thm, Atm Ah\p Nppw Ako-\-m-cmbnv Fs Adn-bp-p-thm, Fs Adn-bp-pthm Fv
mXn- I ]d- bp-p. B acn-m t]mIp--h Ftm
Cu ico-c-n \np D{I-an-m--h-\mbn `hn-p-pthm, AXp-hsc Adn-bp-p.

AY b ss{XX-Z-kvam-c
- n-cm-Zp
{Ima-XyssY ssX tch civanZn cp
am{I-atX k Hman-Xnhm tlm Zzm
anbtX kbm-hXv nt]y--\, kvXm
hZm-ZnXyw KXn; GX-ssZz-J-ep-temI
Zzmcw hnZpjmw {]m]-Z\w \ntcmt[mf hnZpjmw
Ftm C{]-Imcw Cu ico- c-n \np D{I-an-ppthm AXn-\p-tijw CtX civan-I-fn IqSn apI-fn-tep
t]mIp-p. Ah Hmw Fp [ym\n-p-s Im-p-Xs
tat]mp Kan-p-p. Ah F{X kabw sImmtWm
a\-ns\ t]n-p--Xv, A{Xbpw ka-bw-sImv BZnXys\ Kan-p-p. {_-tem-I
- ns Zzmcw CXm-W.v hnZzmmv {_-tem-Is {]m]n-p-hm-\p hgn CXm-Wv.
Ahn-Zzm-mp \ntcm-[-m-\hpw CXm-W.v

XtZ-jtmIx
ta-d A-n Xmsg-]dv -bp tmIw Dv.

(a-{w) iYw ssN ImN lrZ-bky \mUy:

kvXmkmw aqm-\-a-`n\nx krssXIm
Xtbmzm-am-b arX-Xz-taXn hnjz
\ym D{I-atW `h-yp{IatW `hn

lrZ-bs kw_-nv \qsmv \mUn-I Dv. Ah

aqm-hn IqSn shfn-bn hn-cn-p-p. AXnIqSn
taevt]mp t]mIp--h Aar-X- Xzs {]m]n-p-p. ]e
hgn-p ap \mUn-I D{I-a-W-n\p am{Xw D]-tbmK-s-Sp--h-bm-Ip- p.

Ggmw Jw
b Bm f ] lX ]m]vam hnPtcm
hnar-Xyp-h n-timtIm hnPn-Lt- my f]n
]mkx kXy-Imax kXy-k-ev]x tkm
f t\zhyx knhn-Pn- m-kn-Xhyx, kh
hmw temIm-\m-]vt\mXn khmw
Imam bkvXa
- m-m\ a\znjy hnPm\m
XoXnl {]Pm-]Xn cp]m-N.
GsXm-cm-m-hm- tWm, [m- [-cq-]-amb ]m]-an-m- Xpw, Pc-bn-m- -Xpw, arXyp-hn-m- -Xpw, timI-an-m--Xpw,
`n-p--Xn\v B{K-l-an-m--Xpw, ]n]m-k-bn-m--Xpw,
kXy--fmb Ima--tfmSp IqSn-bX
- pw, kXy--fmb kev]--tfmSp IqSn-b-Xpw, Bbn-cn-ptm AXv At\z-jn-s-tS-- Xm-Ip-p, Adn-bm B{K-ln--s-tS-- Xm-Ip-p.
BcmtWm B Bm-hns\ At\z-jn-,v Ah-\-h\v A\p-`h-ap \ne-bn-em-p-Xv Ah, Fm temI--tfbpw
Fm Ima--tfbpw {]m]n-p-p.

Xtm-`tb tZhm-kpcm A\p-_p-_p[n

tc; tX tlmNqx l! Xam-m\
a\zn- mtam bam-m-\-a-\zn-jy-khmw
tem-Im-\m-]vt\mXn kmw- -Im-a m-\nXn
Ct{m sslh tZhm\m a`n-{]-h-{hmP;
hntcm-Nt\m f kpcmWmw; Xu lmkw hn
`m\m thh kan ]mWo {]Pm-]Xn
kIm-i -am-P -Xpx
{]Pm-] -X n-bpsS hN-\s tZhm-k p-X-c-m cp
Iqcpw A\p-t_m-[n-p. Cu tZhm-kp-c-m ]d-p. GXv
Bm-hns\ At\z-jn-n-mtWm Fm temI--tf-bpw,
Fm Ima- - tfbpw {]m]n- p- Xv B Bm- hns\ Ctm
\apv At\z-jn-mw. tZh-m-cn C{ Xs {]Pm-]-XnbpsS ASp--tep t]mbn. Akp-c-m-cn hntcm-N\
-
t]mbn. Ah ]c- k]
v cw ssa{Xn sNm-sX-X- s, ssIn
kan-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS kao-]v Fn.

271

Xu l Zzm{Xnw iXw hjmWn {_N

aq-jXpx, Xul {]Pm-]-Xn-cp-hm-N
Inan-
- m-h-hm-kvXa
- nXn Xu tlmNXpx
b Bmy f]l-X-]m]vam hnPtcm
hnar-X yp hntimtImfhnPn- Ltmf
]n]mkx kXy-Imax kXy-k-ev]x
tkmft\zhyx, k hnPn- m-k n-Xhyx
khmw temIm\m ]vt\mXn khmw
Imam, bkvXa
- m-m-\-a-\znjy hnPm\m
XoXn `K-htXm htNm thZ-b-t. X
an-m-h-hm-k vX-a n-X n.

{_qX-an-Xn. Xutlm icm-thyth

mw N{Im-tX. Xul {]Pm-]Xn
cphm-N, Inw ]iyY CXn Xu tlm
NXpx kh-ta-thZw `Kh Bm\w
]iymh Btem-a`y A\-t`Jyw {]Xn cp]-an-Xn.

DZIw \nd Nn-bn, Bm-hns\ Bth-Ww

sNbvXnv FmtWm Bm- hns\ kw_- nv \n Adnbm-Xv AXns\ FtmSp ]d-bp-hn. Fv {]Pm-]Xn ]dp. Ah DZIw \nd icm-h-n (N-n-bn)
t\mn. Ah-tcmSv {]Pm-]Xn tNmZnp: \n Fp
ImWpp? Ah ]dp `K-hms\ R apgp-h
Bm-hn-t\bpw AXm- bXv tcma- apX \J hscAh ap- n- cp hj- mew {_- N-cy- tmSp hkn- bp {]Xn-cq-]s ImWp-p.
p. Ah- tcmSv {]Pm- ]Xn \n Fns\ Cn- p-sIm-mWv
Xu l {]Pm-]-Xn-cq-hmN "km[zew
hkn-Xv? Fp tNmZn-p. GXv Bm-hmtWm ]m]-an-mIrXu kph k\u ]cn-jvIrXu `qtXz
Xpw Pc-bn-m-Xpw arXyp-hn-m--Xpw, timI-an-mZi-cmthft]t-Ym-an-Xn. Xu l
Xpw Bin- m C-bn-m-Xpw ]n]m-k-bn-m-Xpw
kXy--fmb ImatfmSp IqSn- bXpw kXy--fmb kkm[zew IrXu kph-k\u ]cnjv
ev]
- -tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw Bbn-p--Xv, B Bmhv At\zIrXu `qtXzm Zi-cmth f thmw
jn--s-tS-Xpw kmm- cn--s-tS-avSXpw BIp-p.
N{Im-sX. Xu l {]Pm-]Xn cphmN:-
BcmtWm Bm-hns\ imkv{Xm-N m-tcym-]-tZ-i- -s fInw ]iyY' CXn.
smv Adnv A\p-`-h-s-Sp-p-Xv Ah Fm
temI--tfbpw Fm Ima--tf-bpw, {]m]n-p-p. C{]Ah-tcmSv {]Pm-]Xn ]dp ""\-hw Bew-Ir-XIm- c-ap `K- hms hmp in- m Adn-bp- p. B Bm- mcpw, \ hkv{X--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hcpw, ]cn-jI
v r-X-m-cphns\ Adn-hm Cn-p-sImp R {_-Nc
- y-n am-bnv DZ- i- cm- h- n t\mp-hn''. Ah \-hw Bewhkn-p.
Ir-X-mcpw ]cn-jI
v r-Xcpw Bbn-onv DZ-i-cm-h
- n

Xu l {]Pm-]-Xn-cp-hm-N- b Gtjm f
nWn ]pcptjm ZriyX Gj Bt
Xn tlmhmssNXZ arX-a-`b taX
Zv{_t-Xn. AY tbm f bw `Kthm f
]vkp ]cn-Jym-b-tX, b mb-am-Zi
IXa Gj CXn. Gj D G sshjvT
kth-jz-tjvT ]cn-Jym-bX CXntlm hmN.
Ah-tcmSv {]Pm-]Xn ]d-p: An-bn GXp ]pcp-j\mtWm Cu ImW- s-Sp-Xv AXv Bmhv BIp-p. AXv
ac-W-an-m-Xpw `b-an-m-Xpw BIp-p. AXv {_-amIp-p. Fpw {]Pm-]Xn ]d-p. `K-hmt\ GXmtWm
Ap-I-fn Cu Adn-b-s-Sp--X,v GXmtWm ]ns ImSn-bn Cu Adn-b -s -Sp- -X v, Cu Bmhv AXn
GXmWv? Fv C{, hotcm-N-\
- m tNmZn-p. Cu ]pcpj Xs Cu ay--fn-semw Adn-b-s-Sp-p.

Fmw Jw
DZ-i-cmh Bm-\-a-thy bZm
t\m \ hnPm-\oY kvXt{]

t\mn. Ah-tcmSv ""\n Fp ImWpp?'' Fv {]Pm]-Xn tNmZn-p.

Xu tlmNXpx bssY thZ amhmw

`Khx km[zmewIrXu kph-k\u
]cn-jvIrXu kzx, Gh tath au
`Khx km[zew IrXu kph k\u
]cn-jvIrXm hnXn. Gj BtXn tlm
hm ssNX Zar-Xa `b taXZv {_tXn.
Xu l im lrZbu {]h-{h-P-Xvx
Ah ]dp "" `K-hmt\ GXp-{]-Im-c-n-emtWm
R Cs\ \-hw Bew-Ir-X-mcpw \ hk-\tm-Sp- Iq-Sn-b- hcpw, ]cn-jI
v r-X- mcpw Bbn-cn- p-Xv A{]Imcw Xs `K-hm-t\, Cu "Ombm-m-' thhn[w
Bew-Ir-X-m-cmbpw, \ hkv{X--tfmSp IqSn-b-h-cpw, ]cnjvIr- X- cp-am-bn-cn-p-p.

Xu lm\zoy {]Pm-]-Xn-cp-hmN:A\p-]-e`ym f f m\ a\-\ p-hnZy {hP-tXm,

bXc GX-Zp-c-]n-jtXm `hn-jyn tZ
hm hm f kpcm-hm, tX ]cm-`-hn-jy-oXn

272

k l im lrZb Gh hntcm-Nt\m f
kpcm PKma tXt`ym sslXm-ap-]\n
jZw t{]mhmNm f f ss th l al-,
Bm ]cn-N Bm\ tathl al
bm-m\w ]cn-Nc
- p `u temImh
hm]vt\m-Xoaw Nmapw tNXn.
As\ t]mIp C{-hn-tcm-N-\
- msc Inv {]Pm]Xn ]dp: Bm-hns\ Adn-bm-sX-bpw, A\p-`h
- -s-Spm-sXbpw Ch t]mIp-p. tZh-mtcm Akp-c-mtcm
BcmtWm Ch B{K-ln-n-p--Xp-t]mse Bm-hn-Zysb
{Kln-h
- c
- mbn Xocm t]mIp-Xv Ah t{itbm-amn \np sXn-tm-Ipw. B hntcm-N-\ im lrZ-b\mbn Akp-c- m-cpsS ASp--tep t]mbn. Ahv Cu
D]- \n- jp ]dp sImSp-p. Cu temI- n Bmhp
Xs ]qPn--s-tS-- Xm-W.v Bm-hmWv ]cn- N-cn--s-tS-X v. Cu temI- n Bm-h n-s\- -s , ]qPn-psImpw Bm-hns\ ]cn-N-cn-p-sImpw Ccn-p--h,
cp temI- -tfbpw AXm-bXv Cu temI-tbpw ]c-temI-tbpw {]m]n-p-p.

Xkvam-Z-]tZy lmZ Zm\-a-{i--[m-\-ab

Pam\ amlp-cm-kptcm _tXXn; Akp
cmtWm, tlytjm-]-\n-jXv t{]Xky
icocw `n-bm-h-kt\ \mew Imtc
tWXn kwkvp-h-n. GtX\ lypapw
temIw tPyjytm a\y-t.
AXn-\m Ftmgpw Cu temI-n Zm\w sNm-hpw, {i-bn-m--h-\pw, bPn--io-e-an-m--h\pw Bbnp--hs\ Ah Akp- c-kz-`m- h-ap--XmWv Fv in-m
]d-bp-p. Fs- m Cu D]-\n-jv Akp-c- mp-Xm-Wv. arXs ico-cs K-am-eym-Zn-I sImpw
hkv{Xw-sImpw Ae-m-cw- sImpw apw kwkvI-cn-pp. Cu ih-kw-kvImcw sImv ]c-tem-Is Pbn-msav Ah hnNm-cn-p-p.

H]Xmw Jw
AY tlt{m f {]mss]yh tZhmt\
XZv `bw ZZi: b ssYh Jezb
akvan-RvO-cotc km[z-ew-IrtX km[zew
IrtXm `hXn kpJ kt\ kpJ k\x
]cn-jvIrtX ]cn-jvIr-X, Gh-ta-hmb
akvan-t f tm `h-Xn, {kmta {km
ax ]cn-hrIvtW ]cn-hrIvtWm f ssky
h ico-c-\m-i-a-t\zj \iy-Xn.

C{ tZh-msc {]m]npw ap]p-Xs Xmsg--dbp `bw Ip. GXp {]Im-c-n-emtWm Cu Ombmmhv Cu icocw th-hn-[-n Aew-Ir-X-am-bn-cn-ptm th hn[w Ae--cn--s--Xmbpw \ hkv{XtmSp IqSn-b-Xm-bn-cn-p-tm \ hkv{X- tmSp IqSnb-Xmbpw \J-tcm-am-Zn-I Cm-Xn-cn-p-tm ]cn-jvIr-Xambpw `hn-p--Xv, CXp-t]m- se-Xs Cu Ombm- m-hv, Cu
icocw A-am-bn- cp-m A-am- bpw, Itm aqtm Henp- -Xm-bn-c p-m Itm aqtm Hen- p--Xm-bpw,
ssItbm Imtem apdn--Xm-bn-cp-m ssItbm Imtem
apdn--Xmbpw Xocp-p. Cu ico-c
- ns Xs \miw
A\p-k-cnv CXpw \in-pw.

\ml a{X t`mKyw ]iym-ao-Xn. k k

an ]mWnx ]p\tc bmb; Xw l
{]Pm-]Xn cphmN:- aL-h, bm-
lrZbx {]m{hmPox kmw hntcm
Nt\\ Inan- ]p\-cm-Ka CXn.
ktlm-hmNx b ssYh Jezbw `Kthm f
kvan icotc km[z-ew-IrtX km[z
ewIrtXm `h-Xn, kph-kt\ kph-k\x
]cn-jvIrtX ]cn-jvIrX; Ghta
hmb akvan-t f tm `h-Xn,
{kmta-{kmax ]cn-hrIvtW ]cn-hrIv
Wx Asskyh ico-cky \mi-a-t\zj
\iyXn; \ml a{X t`mKyw ]iyman
CXn.
Ombm Zi- \-n in- amb ^es Rm ImWpn-. Fv C{ ssIbn kan-p-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn hopw
Kan-p. Ah-t\mSp {]Pm-]Xn tNmZnp: aL-hm, \o imlr-Z-b-\m-bnv hntcm-N-\-\p-sam-cp-an-v, kzKr-l-n- tep
t]mb-Xn\p tijw Fv Cnv \o XncnsI hp? Ah
]d-p. `K-hms\ GXp {]Im-c-n-emtWm Cu Ombmmhv Cu icocw thpw-hw Aew-Ir-X-am-bn-cn-ptm, \ hkv{X-tmSp IqSn-bn-cn-p-tm \ hkv{Xtm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b- Xmbpw ]cn-jI
v r-X-am-bn-cn-p-tm ]cn- jI
v rX-ambpw `hn-ptm AXp-t]mse Cu Nmbm-mhv Cu
icocw A- am-bn- cn- p- tm A- am- bpw, Itm aqtm
Hen- p-- Xm- bn- cn- p-tm Itm aqtm Hen-p--Xmbpw
ssItbm Imtem apdn- - Xm- bn- cn- p-tm ssItbm Imtem
apdn-- Xmbpw `hn- pw. Cu ico-c-ns Xs \mis
A\p-k-cnv Cu Ombm-mhpw \in-pw. Cu Ombm
Zi-\-n KpjvT- ^ew Rm ImWp-n-.

Gh ta sshj aL-h-nXn tlmhm

ssNXw tXzh tX `qtbm f \phymJym
kyman; hkm-]-cmWn Zzm{Xnw iXw

273

hjm-Wo-Xn. klm-]-cmWn Zzm{Xnw

iXw hjm-Wyp-hmk Xkvssa tlmhmN.
aL- hmt\ Cu Ombm-mhv Cs\ Xs Fp {]Pm]Xn ]dp. {]Ir-X-amb Cu Bm-hn- s\-s \n\- phopw hymJym-\n-p-X- cmw. thsd Hcp ap-n- cp hjmew IqSn {_-N-cy-n-en-q. C{ thsd Hcp apn-cp hj-mew IqSn {_-N -cy-n hkn-p.
Ah\v {]Pm-]Xn ]dp sImSp-p.

]mw Jw
b Gj kz]vt\ alob am\--c-tXyj
BtXn tlmhm-ssN-XZ arX-a-`b
taXZv {_tXn kl-im lrZbx
{]h-{hmP. k lm {]mss]y h tZhm
t\XZv `bw ZZi XZv bZy ]nZ
ico-c-aw `h-Xyx k `h-Xn,
bZn {kmaa {kmtam, ss\ ssh tjm f
kytZm-tjW ZpjyXn

Xy\x k `h-Xn, bZn-{kma a{km

tam ss\sshtjm f ky tZmtjW ZpjyXn

C{ ]mWn-bn kan-p-It- fm-Sp-IqSn hopw hp.

Ah-t\mSv {]Pm-]Xn tNmZn-p. aL-hm, \o km-lr-Z-b\mbn {]{h-Pn-nv Fns\ Cnp-hopw hn-cn-pp?
Ah ]d- p. `K-hms\ Cu icocw A-am-bn-cp- m-epw,
B kz]v\m-mhv A-a-m--Xm-bn-cn-p-p. Cu icocw
{ka-am-bn-cp-mepw kz]v\m-m-hv A{km-a-am-bn-cn-p-p.
Cu kz]v\m-m-hv, Cu ico-c
- ns tZmj-m Xobmbpw Zpjn-p-n-.

\ ht[ \mky l\ytX; \mky {kmtay

W {kmax, Lv\ntXz ssh\w hn
mZ-b-o-hm, {]nbth th `hXy
]ntcm-Zn-Xoh; \ml a{X-t`mKyw ]iym
aoXn. Ghta sshj al-h-nXn
tlmhm ssNXw tXzhtX `qtbm f
\p hymJym-kyman; hkm ]cm-WnZzm
{XnwiXw hj-Wo-Xn. klm-]cm
Wn-Zzm{Xnw iXw hjm-Wyp-hmk
Xkvssa tlmhm-N.

GXm-m- tWm, kz]v\-n ]qPn- - s-Sp- - Xmbn kcn- p-Xv AXv Bm-hm-Ip- p. AXv Aar-Xhpw A`-bhpw
Cu ico-cns {kmam-h
- -bm {kma-am-bn-cn-pBIp- p. AXp {_-am-Ip-p. Cs\ {]Pm-]Xn ]d- p.
n-. Fm Cu kz]v\m-mhns\ l\n-p--Xp-t]m-seAh km-lr-Z-b\
- m-bnv kzKr-l-n-tep t]mbn.
bn-cn-pp; HmSn-p--Xp-t]m-se-bn-cnp-p, Cu kz]v\mAh tZh-msc {]m]n-p--Xn\p ap]p-Xs Xmsg--dmhv A{]nbw Adn-bp--Xp-t]m-bn-cn-p-p. Ic-bp--Xpbp tZmjw Ip. Cu icocw A-am-bn-cp-m-epw, B
t]mse Ccn- p-p, Rm Cu kz]v\m Zi\n Ckz]v\m-mhv A-a-m-Xv Bbn-cn-p-p. icocw {kma^ew ImWp-n-. aL-hm, Cn-s\- X-s- bmWv Fv {]Pmam-bn- cp- mepw kz]v\m- mhv {kma- a- m-- Xm- bn- cn- p- p. Cu
]Xn ]d-p. Fm CXn-s\--s, \n\v hopw
kz]v\m-mhv Cu ico-c- ns tZmj-m Zpjn- p- n- .
hymJym-\n-p-X-cmw. thsd Hcp ap-n-cp hjw-IqSn
\ ht[ \mky-l-\ytX; \mky-{kmtay
{_-Ncyw A\p-jT
v n-q Fp ]dp. Ah thsd Hcp
ap-n-c-p-hjw IqSn {_-Ncyw A\p-jT
v np. Ah\v
W {kmax; Lv\ntXz ssh\w hnm
{]Pm]
Xn
]dp
sImSp
p.
Zbo hm{]nb thth `hXn; A

]n tcmZn-Xoh; \m{X t`mKy ]iymaoXn.

Cu ico-c- ns h[-m, kz]v\m-mhp l\n- -sSp-n-. Cu ico-c-ns {kmam-h- -bm kz]v\m-mhv
{kma-am-bn-o-cp-n-. Fm Cu kz]v\m-zns\ l\np--Xp-t]msebncn-p-p. HmSn-p--Xp-t]mse Ccn-pp. A{]n-bs A\p-`-hn-p--Xp-t]mse Ccn-p-p. Icbp--Xp-t]mse Ccn-p-p. Rm Cu kz]v\m Zi-\n C-amb ^ew ImWp-n- .

k kan ]mWnx ]p\-tc-bmbv;

Xw l {]Pm-]-Xn-cp-hmN:- aL-h
b m-lr-Zbx {]m{hmPox Inan
]p\-cm-Ka CXn. ktlm-hm-N
XZyZy ]oZw `Khx ico-c-aw `h

]Xn- s \mmw Jw
XZy ss{XXXv kp]vXx ka]vXx kw{]
kx kz]v\w \ hnPm-\m-tXyj B
tXn tlmhm-ssNX Zar-X-a-`b
- -taX
Zv {_t-Xn, k l im lrZbx
{]h-{hmP; k lm {]mss]yh tZhm
t\XZv `bw ZZi:- \ml Jezb
tahw kw{]-Xym-m\w P\m-Xyb
al-a-kvaoXn; t\m Gth-am\n `qXm
\n; hn\m-i-tahm ]otXm `h-Xn, \m
la{X t`mKyw ]iym-anXn

274

B hnj-b-n Bcm-tWm, kI-eI

- c
- -W-hym-]m-c-tfbpw D]-kw-l- cn-,v Cu kv]\
v w kzhn-p--h-\m-bpw, \hw {]k- -\mbpw kz]v\s Adn-bm-Xn-cn-p--Xv, AXv
Bm-hm-Ip-p. CXn Aar-Xhpw A`-b-hp-am-Ip-p. CXv
{_-am-Ip-p. Cs\ ]d-p. C{ im lrZ-b\
- mbnv t]mbn. B C{ tZh-m-cpsS ASp- Fp-Xn\p apm-bn-s Cu `bw Ip. Cu kpjp-]vXm-h-bn D Bmhv CXv Rm BIpp Fn-s\
Ah-\-hs\ thpw hw Xo-bmbpw Adn-bp-n-, Cu
`qX-tf Adn-bp-n-, hn\m-is {]m]n--Xp-t]mse
Bbn- o-cp- p. Rm Cu kpjp-]vXm Zi-\-n Camb ^ew ImWp-n- . B C{ In kan-p-I-tfmSp-IqSn hopw {]Pm]Xn- bpsS ASp- sNp. Ah-t\mSp
{]Pm-]Xn ]d-p, amL-hm, \o im- lr-Z-b-\m-bnp t]mbXns tijw Fv Cn-mWv hopw hn-cn-pXv?
C{ ]d- p. `K- hmt\ Cu kpjp-]vXm-mhv CXp Rm\mImWpp Fn-s\ Ah-\-hs\ Adn-bp- nt? Cu `qX-tfbpw Adn-bp-nt? hn\m-is {]m]n--h-s\-tmse
Bbn-o-cptm? Rm Cu kpjp-]vXm Zk-\-n
C-amb ^ew ImWp-n-. Bm-hn-\p-hn-\miw hcpp
Fv tXmp-n-.

Gh ta sshj aL-h-nXn tlmhm

ssNXw tXz htX `qtbm f \phymJym
kyw an t\m sFhm-\yss{X Xkvam-Xv,
hkm-]-cman ] hjm-WoXn
klm-]-cmWn ] hjmWyp-hmk
Xmt\y-I-iXw kwt]Zpx GXXv
XXv bZm-lptc iXw l ssh hjm
Wn aL-hm {]Pm-]Xu {_-Ncy
aphmk Xkvssa tlmhmN
amLhm, Cu kpjvT- ]X
v m-mhv As\ Xs Fv
{]Pm-]Xn ]d-p. Fm AXp \n\v hymJym-\n-p-Xcmw. CX-msX thsd Hpw AX- . Hcp Ap hjw IqSn
{_-Ncyw A\p-jvTnq Fpw ]d-p. C{ thsd
Ap-hjw-IqSn {_-Ncyw A\p-jvTn-p. C{ {_Ncyw A\p- jvTnp \qsmp XnIp. amL- hm \qsmp
hjw {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS ASp- {_-N-cy-tmsS hknp. Fp ]d-bm-dp-Xv CXp-sIm-m-W.v C{-t\mSv {]Pm]Xn ]d-p.

]{mw Jw
aL-h, ayw hm CZw ico-c-amw
arXyp\m XZ-kym-ar-Xky ico-c -kym-t\m f
[njvTm\w; Btm ssh k icocx
{]nbm-{]nbm `ymw \ ssh k ico-cky

kXx{]nbm {]nb-tbm-c-] -l-Xn-ckvXn;

A icocw hmh-kw \ {]nbm-{]ntb
kv]riXx

amL-hm, Cu icocw \in-p kz`m-h-ap--Xpw, arXyphn-\m {KkvXhpw BIp-p. B idocw Aar-Xhpw ico-can-m-Xpw Bb Cu Bm-hns A[n-jT
v m-\-am-W.v kico- c-\m- bn-cn-p- tm, {]nbm-{]n-b-- fm {KkvX-\m-bn-cn- pp. FXv {]kn- -am-Wv. k ico- c-\m-bn-cn- p-tm {]nbm{]n- b- v apSw C. Ai-co-c-\m- bn- cn-p--hs\ {]nbm{]n-b- kv]in-p-n-.

A icotcm hmbq-c{`w hnZyqXv kvX\

bnXv\pc ico-cm-tWyXm \n; XZyssY
Xm\y apjvam-Zm-Im-imXv kap-mb
]cw tPymXn-cp-]-kw-]Zy tkz\ cp
t]Wm`n \njv]-Zyt Gh ta ssh
jkw- {]-kmtZm f kvam-c o-cmXv kap
mb ]cw tPymXn-cp-]-kw-]Zy tkz
\ cpt]-Wm-`n-\n-jv]-ZytX; k Da
]pcpjx; k X{X ]tXn P
ca-am\x kv{Xo`nhm bm ss\ hm
mXn `nhw t\m] P\w kvacnZw icocw
hmbp ico-ca
- n-m--Xm-Ip-p. hjn-p-Xv hnZypXv
BWv . apg- p taLw Ch Ai- c ocfm- I p- p.
Ans\ Ccns GXp {]Im-c-n-emtWm Ch B BImi-n \nv kap-m\w sNbvXn-v, kqcy-kw-_nbmb
{]IrjvT-amb tPymXnv Gn-v, kz- cq-]-n A`n-\n-j]
v -- fm-Ip-pthm C{]-Imcw Cu kw{]km-Z Cu ico-cn \nv kap-m\w sNbvXn-v, ]c-a-amb tPymXnp
{]m]n-n-v, kzcq-]-n A`n-\n-j]
v --\m-Ip-p. Ans\
Bbn-o-h Da ]pcp-j-\m-Ip-p. Ah B
kzmm-hn lkn-p-sIm-pw, `n-p-sImpw kv{XoIsf- s mtm hml- \ - -s f-s m-t m, mXn-I - s fsmtm {IoUn-p-sIm- pw, kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m-cpsS At\ymt\ym-]-Kaw sImp-m-Ip Bm-sh-p \ne-bn,
Bm-hns kmao-]y-tmSp IqSn P\n-p Cu icocs kvacn-msX Npn k-cn-p-p.
C\n Ai-co-c-kz-cq-]\pw A]-l-X-]m-]va-Xzm`n e-W-tfm-Sp IqSn-b-h-\p-amb B ]pcp-js\ An-bn Cu
ImW-s-Spp Fv {]Pm-]Xn ]d--sX-n-s\-bmWv?
Fp Nnn- p-p. B ]pcp-j An-bn {]Xy-- ambn
ImW-s-Sp--sX-n-s\-sbv ]d-bp-p. Np-n Zi\-n\v tlXp Fm-sWv ]d-bp-p.

k bYm {]tbmKy BN-c-tW-bp-,

Gh ta hmb akvanRvOcotc {]mtWm bpx

275

B Zrm- - sa-ns\ FmGXp {]Im- c- n- em-tWm,

IpXnc, Imf apX-em-bXv k-cW km[-\-amb cY-i-I-Sm-Znbn tN-s-Sp--Xv, A{]-Imcw Xs Cu ico-c-n
Cu {]mW tN-s-n-cn-p-p.

AY bss{X-X-Imi a\p-\n-jw
Npx kN-pjx ]pcpjx Zi
\mb Npx AYtbm thZ Zw
Pn{Lm-WoXn k Bm; Kmb
{LmWw AYtbm thtZ-a`n hymlcm
Wo Xn k Bm; A`n hymlm-cmbhm
v; AYtbm thZZw irW-hm-\oXn
k Bm; {ih-Wm-b-t{im{Xw; AY
tbm thZZw t\z\oXn k Bm;
at\m f kyssZhw Npx k hm G
j GtX\ tZssh\ Npjm a\
sskXm Imam- ]iy catX
b GtX {_-temtI
tZl-O n-{Z- n A\p-j
- -amb Np Fhn-s SbmtWm AhnsS {]Ir-\mb Aico-c-\mb Bmhv Npn-ep ]pcp-j BIp-p. Npv Zi- \-n-\p IcW-am-Ip-p. CXns\ Rm {LmWn-s Fv BcmtWm
Adn-bp--Xv, AXv Bm-hm-Ip-p. {LmtW-{nbw K-{Kl-W-n-\p Ic-W-am-Ip-p. ]ns CXns\ Rm A`nhym-lc
- n-s Fv Adn-bp-Xv Bm-hm-Ip-p. hmKn{nbw A`n-hym-lm-c-n-\ p Ic-W-am-Ip-p. CXns\
Rm tIs Fv Adn-bp--Xm-tcm, AXv Bm-hmIp-p. a\v Cu Bm-hns ssZh-amb Np-m-Ip-p.
A-s\-bp ap Cu ssZh-am-b, Np-mb a\p-sImv {_-tem-I-n-ep-h Ghtbm B Ima-sf
Ip-sImv can-p-p.

Xw hm GXw tZhm Bm\

ap]m-ktX; Xkva mtX; Xkvam-XtX
jmw kth N temIw Bmx
kth N Imamx, k khmw
temIm-\m-]vt\m-Xn, khmw Imam,
bkvX-am-m\ a\p-hnZy hnPm-\m-XoXn
l {]Pm-]-Xn-cp-hmN {]Pm-]-Xncp hmN

AXp-hgn tZh-mpw B- m\w e`y-am-bn. a\p-jy

Aev]m-bp-m-W-n- epw, C{m-Zn-I-sf-tmse Bm-hns\
Adn-bm {ian-p-I-bm-sW-n, Fm Ima--tf-bpw,
Fm temI- - tfbpw {]m]n- m km[npXm- Wv. bkvXam- m- \- a- \p- hn- Zy-hn-Pm- \mXn Fv s]mXp-hm- bn- m- Wtm {]Pm]Xn ]dncnp--X v. AXn-\ m B- m-\ hpw
AXns ^e-{]m-]vXnbpw Ghpw Xpey-am-Wv.

]Xn-aqmw Jw
iymam--_ew {]]tZy; i_-emym
aw {]]tZy; Aiz C h tcmamWn
hn[qb ]m]w, N{ Ch cmtlm
pJmXv {]apNy [qXzm ico-c, aIrXw
IrXmm {_-tem-I-a-Zn-kw-`-hm-ao-Xn.
Rm iyma-sap ]d-bp lm-amb {_-n
\nv, i_-e-sap ]d-bp {_-tem-Is {]m]n-p-amdm-I-s. Rm {_--tem-I-n \nv iymas {]m]n-ncn- p-I -b m-W v. Rm Aizw-tcm-a - sf F-t]m-se,
]m]s IpS-p-I-f-nv cmlp-hns apJ-n \nv
ap- \m- bn- X- Xon-v, N{ F- t]mse icocw shSn-,v
IrX-Ir-Xy-\m-bnv \nXy-amb {_-temIw {]m]n-p-am-dm-Is. A`n-kw-`-hman Fv cp {]mhiyw ]d-n-cn-p-Xv
a{w Ah-km-\np Fp ImWn-m-\m-Wv.

]Xn-\ memw Jw
BImtim ssh \ma \ma-cq-]tbm
nh-lnXm; tX bZ--cm-c-{_-,
XZ-arXw k Bm {]Pm-]tXx
k`mw thiva {]]tZy; btim f lw
`hman {_m-Wm-\mw. btim, cm
mw, btim-hn-imw, btim f la
{]m]n; klmlw bikmw bix,
tiyX aZXv IaZ XvIw tiyXw
enp am f `nKmw enp am f `nKmw

BImi-sap {ipXn-I-fn {]kn-a-am-bn-p Bmhv, \ma-n-sbpw cq]-n-sbpw hymIm-hm-Ip-p.

B \ma- cq- ]- GXns a[y- n- em- Ip- p- thm, AXp {_am-Ip- p. As-n B \ma-cq-] - -fpsS a[y-n
GXmtWm D-Xv, AXp {_-am-Ip-p. AXv Aar-X-am-IpAn-s\-bp Cu Bm-hns\ tZh-m D]m-kn-p- p, AXv Bm-hm-Ip-p. Rm {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS k`-bmb
p. AXn-\m Ahv Fm temI-fpw Fm Ima- Krls {]m]n-p-am-dm-I-s, Rm {_m-W-cpsS bifpw {]m]vX- fm- bn-cn- p-p. BcmtWm B Bm- hns\ mbn `hn-p- am-dm-I- s, cmPm- -m- cpsS bi- mbn `hn- pimkv{Xm-Nmtm-]-tZ-i- sImv Adn-nv A\p-`h
- - am-dm-I-s, sshiy-cpsS bi-mbn `hn-p-am-dm-I-s, Rm
s-Sp--Xv, Ah Fm temI--tfbpw Fm Ima-- ta ]d--h-cpsS bi-ns\ A\p-{]m-]n-p-\-\-Xn\v Cnp-p. A-s\-bp Rm, tZtl-{n-b-at\m _pn-cq-]tfbpw {]m]n-pp Fp {]Pm-]Xn ]d-bp-p.
-fmb bi-p-I-fpsS Bm-hm-Ip-p. Rm tcmln-XC{ A\p-jvTn {_-N- cy-ns ^e-ambn C{\pw h-hpw, Z-lo-\-hpw, `n-p-Xpw Bb tcmln-X-

276

I h-amb ]nne hkvXp-hn-s\, A`n-K-an--cp-Xv.

Bm-s hp ]d- b p- Xv Fm Pp- pw,
Am-anbpw ssNX-\y-kz-cq-] hpw Ah-\- h\
- p-X s
A\p-`-h-ap--Xp-am-W.v Aico-c\pw BIm-iw-t]mse khK-X\pw Bb Bmhv {_-am-W.v B Bm-hmb {_w
AXm-b-Xv, ac-W-an- m kz`m-h-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-Ip-p.
NXpp-J-\mb {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS k`-bn {]m]n-p-am-dmIs FXpsImp- t- in- p- Xv A\- - amb Bm- hns
eb-am-Wv. {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS k`bw {]m]n-p--sX-n-\m-Wv
hni-Zo-I-cn-p-p- v. e-m-t]mse tcmln-X-h-hpw,
Z- c-ln-X-hpw, Fm `n-p- -Xp-amb (A- Xns\ tkhnp--h-cpsS hohpw _ehpw tXPpw \in-n-p-Xn-\m `n-p Fp ]d- n-cn-p-- Xv) tbm\n Fp
]d-bp kv{XoI-fpsS {]P- t\- {-am- Ip hkvXphns\ Rm
{]m]n-p-hm CS-hc
- -cpXv F-X p-sIm-p-t-in-pXv
]p\P--ap-m-I-cp-sX--Xm-Wv. enpamf `nKmw Fp cp
XhW ]d-n-cn-p--Xv, AXyw A\-am-sWv
ImWn-m-\m-Wv.

]Xn-\ mw Jw
Xss-XZv {_m {]Pm-]-Xb Dhm
N, {]Pm-]-Xn-\t- h, a\px {]mPm
`yx BNmcy Ipem-tZz-Z-a-[oXy
bYm-hn-[m\w Kptcmx ImXn titj
WmZn kam-hr-Xn, IpSpwt_ ipsNu
tZti kzm[ymb a[n-bmt\m [n-Im
hnZ-[-Zm-\n kth-{n-bmWn kw{]
XnjvTm]ym lnwk kh-`q-Xm-\y-\y{X
Xot`yx kJ-tezhw h-b
bmh-Zm-bpjw {_-tem-I-aZn kw
]Zy-tX, \ N ]p\-cm-h-tX, \N
]p\-c m-h -tX.
Cu B- m- \ s lncWy K` AYhm
lncWyK` hgn ]c- ta- iz-c {]Pm-]-Xnv ]dp sImSpp. BNm-cy-Ip-e
- n \nv hn[n A\p-k-cnv Kpcp-hn\p-thn Iw sNbvXnv _mn-bp kabw sImv
thZm-y-b\w sNbvXn-v, A`n-k-am-h\w sNbvXv, IpSpw_-n nXn-sN-bvXv, ipNn-bmb tZi-n Ccp-v,
kzm[ym-bw, A[y-b\w Ch sNbvXp-sImpw [mn-I
- mcmb ]p{X-msc P\n-n--bpw, injysc km-Zn--bpw,
sNbvXp-sImpw Fmw C{n-b--tfbpw Bm-hn D]kw- l-c n-pw, imkv{X- n hn[n- n-p-nS-sm-g nsI
bmsXmcp `qX--tfbpw lnwkn-m-sX-bpw, Bbp-p-n-Stmfw Imew Cs\ hn-p A[n-Im-cn, {_temIw {]m]n-p-p. hopw Bhn--bn-.
{_mhv AXm-bXp lnc-Wy-K` hgn-bmbn ]c-ta-iz-

c, Imiy-h F {]Pm-]-Xnv CXv D]-tZ-inp sImSpp. Iiy-] Xs ]p{X-\mb a\p-hn-\pw, a\p Xs {]PIpw D]-tZ-in-p. Kpcp injy-]-c--c-bmbn D]-\n-jm\w hnZzm-m-cn-tev ]I-cp-p.

CXn Bdp apX-ep aqv Aym-b--fn D

B hnZy k^-ea
- m-Wv Adn-bp-n-S-tm-fw, I- se-sImv bmsXmcp {]tbm-P-\-hp-an--p-hp IqSp-p.
Ans\ I-n\v A\Iyw hcp--Xns\ ]cn-l-cnp--Xn-\,v A\p- j-vTn--s-Sp I-n\v ^e-ap- -Xmbn
]d-bp-p-v. Kpcp-hn-\p-thn sNt tPmen-I sNbvXp
Xo-\n-\p- ti-j-ap kabw sImv thZm- y-b\w sNW-sap ]d-n-cn-p- p. \nb-a--tfm-Sp-IqSn Aym-b\w
sNp thZw am{Xsa I-m-\m--I-^-e- knnp--Xm-Iq. BNm-cy-Ip-e
- n \np Xncnp h-Xn-\ptijw Krl-m- {i-anp hn[n-n- p I- A\p-jvTnm ]d-n-cn-p-p. Kmly-hn-[n-{]-Im-c-ap I-fn kzm[ym-b-n\v IqSp-X {]m[m\yw Dv. Ah-km\-n bYm-Im-ew, ]p{X- msc P\n-n-v, injysc kmZn-v, Fm C{n-b
- -tfbpw Bm-hn D]-kw-l-cn-v,
imkv{X-n hn[n-n-psXmgnsI ap bmsXmcp `qX-tfbpw lnwkn-msX Bbp-p-n-S-tmfw Imew Pohnm D]-tZ-in-n-cn-p-p. An-s\-bp--hv tam{]m]vXn Dm-Ipw.

imn- ] mTw
Hmw Bhym-bp aam-vKm-\n, hmIv, {]m
W, px t{im{X atYm _e, an{n
bmWn N khmWn khw {_u-]\n
jZw am f lw {_-\n-cm-Ipcymw amam
{_\n-cm-I-tcmXv; A\n- cm-I-cW
akvXz-\n-cm-I-cWw ta f kvXp; XZm-\n
\nctb b D]-\n-jkp, [mkvtX
abn kp tX abn kp.
Fs AwK--fpw, hmpw, {]mW\pw Np-pw,
t{im{X-hpw, _ehpw Fm C{n-b
- epw Cu D]-\n-jns A[y-b-n- \pw, AXn hn[n-n-p D]-k-\m-Zn-IfpsS A\p-jvTm-\-n-\pw, a\-\m-Zn-Ipw D]-bp--amb
hn[-n ]q--fm-I-tW. khhpw D]-\n-j-n
{]Xn-]m-Zn-n-p {_-am-Ip-p. Rm {_s \ncm-Icn-m-Xn-cn--tW. Fs {_w \ncm-I-cn-m-Xn-cn--tW.
B D]-\n-j-n {]Xn-]m-Zn-n-p {_w Xs Bbn-p-h-\pw, AXns\ Adn-bp--Xnepw A\p-`h
- -s-Sp--Xn-epw,
XmXv]-cy-ap--h-\p-amb Fn, D]-\n-j-p--fn {_n- \p-- Xm-bn--d-bp [- Dm-bn-cn--s.

Hmw imnx, Hmw imnx, Hmw imnx

277

_rl-Zm-cWytIm]\n-jv 3

imn-] mTw

amb Aiz-ns Bmhv icocw kwh--c-am-Ip-p.

]rjvTw tZymhm-Ip-p. DZcw A- co--am-Ip-p. ]mZ-k-\Hmw ]qW-aZx ]qW-anZw ]qWmXv
m\w ]rYn-hn-bm-Ip-p. ]miz- hi- Znp]qW-aq-Z -Ny-tX,
I-fm-Ip-p. ]ip- hmcn-sb-p-I Ahm-- c-Zn-p-Ifm- Ip-p. AwK- Ah-b-h- EXp--fm-Ip- p. ]]qWky ]qW-am-Zky
kn-I amk- fpw A- am- k- fpw BIp-p.
]qW-ta-hm-h m-i n-j ytX
{]Xn-jT
v -I ]mZ- Atlm-cm-{X--fm-Ip-p. AnHmw Ah (]-c-am-m-hv) ]q-\m-Ip-p. Ch (Im- I \-{X--fm- Ip-p. amwk- \`-m- Ipp \`- ncy-{_-w) ]q-\m-Ip-p. Fp-sIm-s-m ]qX- ep taL-- fm-Ip-p. Duh[yw hb- n-ep Zln- m
bn \np am{Xta ]qX Dm-Ip-Ib
- p-p. {]f-b-Im-e- Blm-c- km-[\w knI-X-I-fm-Ipp aW-ep-I BIp-p.
n Imcy-{_-- ns ]q-Xz-ap- mbn (X- n Xs KpZ- \mUn-I knp- - fm- Ipp \Zn- I-fm-Ip-p.
eo\-\m-bn) ]q-\mbn ]c-{_--ambn Ah-ti-jn-p-p. bIrpw tmahpw ]-X--fm-Ip-p. tcma- Hmj{Xnhn[ ]m]--fn \npw imn-bp-m-I-tW.
[n-Ifpw hr--fp-am-Ip-p. ]qmw DZn-p BZnXy-\m-Ip-p. ]n]-IpXn AkvX- an-p BZn-Xy-\m-Ipp
hn{Prw-`n-p-Xv tImp-hm-bn-Sp-Xv an anp--XmIp-p. icocw IpS-bp-Xv CSn-ap-g-p-- Xm-Ip-p. taml\w
Hmw {_mWw
sNp-Xp hjn-p--Xm- Ip-p. Cu Aiz-ns hmp
1. D]- Hmw. Djm hm Aizky tat[y-ky-in-c, i_vZw hmp- X-s-bm-Ip-p.

Hmw Aymbw

kqcy-
- phmX; {]mtWm, hym-a-nsshizm- \ c; kwh- c Bm - f iz- k y-ta-[ y- k y.
Zyu: ]rjvT, a-co--ap-Z-cw, ]rYn-ho-]m-P-kyw.
Zni: ]mtiz-A-hm--c-Zni: ]mizh EX-thm f MvKm\n, amkm-m-am-km ]hm-Wy-tlmcm-{XmWn {]Xn-jvTm, \-{Xm-Wy-n\-n, \t`m
amwkm\n, Duh[yw knIXm: kn thm KpZm,
bIr tmam-\--]-Xm, Hmj-[-b--h-\-kv]X-b tem am\yp-Zy ]qm-tm, \ntmN
PL-\mtm bZzn-Prw-`tX XZv hntZym-Xt- X, bZzn[q-\ptX XXv kvX\-bXn bt-lXn XZznjXn
hmtK-h mky hmIv.
ta[y-amb ]cn-ip--amb b-n-\p Aizns incv Dj-m-Ipp {_m-ap-lq-am-Ip-p.
Npv kqcy-\m-Ip-p. {]mW hmX-am-Ip-p. Xpd
hmbv sshizm-\-c Fp ]d-bp An-bm-Ip-p. ta[y-

2. D] Alm, Aizw ]pc-k vX m- -l nam -f

\zPm-bX;Xky ]qt kap-t{Zm-tbm\o; cm{Xntc\w ]m- -l nam -f \zPm-b X; Xky. ]tc
kap-t{Z-tbm\n:, GXu hm Aizw aln-am\m h\zZnX: kw_`qhXp:; ltbm-` qXzm tZhm-\ -h -l ZzmPo Km\m -f kpcm-\-tizm-a-\p-jym,
kap{Z Ghmky _; kap-{Z-tbm\n:
Al-mb aln-amhv Aiz-ns apn Aizs
eo-Ic
- nv P\n-p. B Al-mb aln-am-hns m\w
Ing-t-k-ap-{Z-am-Ip-p. Cu Aiz-ns ]nn cm{Xnbmb aln-amhv A\p-P-\n-p. B cm{Xn-bmb aln-am-hns\
m]n-p m\w A]-c-k- ap- {Z- am- Ip- p. Cu aln-am-
Aiz-ns Ccp-h-ipw Bbn kw`-hn-p. lb-am-bnov tZh-msc hln-p. hmPn-bm-bn-op Kmsc hlnp. Am-hm-bn-onv Akp-c-msc hlnp. Aiz-am-bn-onv a\p-jy-sc hln-p. Cu Aiz-

278

I ns _-\-m\w kap{Zw Xs-bm-Ip-p. D-n-

Ah- -A-s\ P\n {]Pm-]Xn aqmbn Xs-Xs

hn`-Pn-p. aqm-a-Xmbn BZn-Xy-s\bpw aqm-a-Xmbn hmbpIm-cWw kap-{Z-am-Ip-p.
hn-t\bpw sNbvXp. k-`q-Xm-m-hmb Cu {]mW
cmw {_mWw
Cs\ aqmbn hn`-Pn--s-n-cn-p-p. A-s\-bp
3. D ] - - s s \ - t hhml Inw N - \ m{K B k oX v; Aiz-ta-t[m-]-tbm-Kn-I-amb An-v, Ing-p-Znv inc-marXypss\thZ-am-h r-X-am-ko, Zi-\m-bbm; Ai- Ip-p. AXp AXpw--A-n-tImWpw im\-tImWpw Cu\mbm ln arXyp: Xt\m -f IcpXm f- \zo -fm-Ip-p--_-mlp--fm-Ip-p. ]ns Cu An-v, ]SnkymanXn; tkm NcXv; XkymX At]m mtd Znv ]p-a m-IppD-S-ens ]n`m-K-am-Ip-p.
-f Pmb; AtXsshta Ia-` q-Z nXn; XtZ- AXpw AXpw--hm-bp-tImWpw \ncy-Xn-tImWpw kIvYn-I
hm-kymXzw; Iwlhm Akvs sa `h-Xn, BIp- p. sXt-Znpw hS-t- Znpw cp-h-i--fm- Ip-p.
tZymhv ]rjvT- am-Ip-p--ap-Xp-Im-Ip-p. BImiw DZ-c-am-Ipb Gh-ta-X-Z-kymXzw thZ.
p. CXv-Cu ]rYnhn Dc-m-Ip-p. A-s\-bp Cu
Cu kwkm- c-a--e-n apv a\v apX- embXpm- An Ap-I-fn {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-p-p. C{]-Imcw AdnIp--Xn-\p-apv bmsXmpw Dm-bn-cp-n-. Cu Imcy-`q-X- bp--h FhnsS t]mbmepw Ahn-sS-s {]Xn-jvTsb
amb PKv Ai-\mb (hn-i-v) BIp arXyp- hn- \m Xs {]m]n-p-XmWv.
Bhr-X-am-bn-cp-p. hniv arXyp-hm-sWp {]kn--am-Wtm. Ah-B arXyp, F\nv Bm-hp--h-\m-bn-o-c- 6. D]- tkm - f Ima- b X ZznXotbm a B m
PmtbtX Xn k a\km hmNw, anYp\w ka-`h
- W-sap hnNm- cnv B a\- ns\ Dm-n. Ah- B {]PmZi
\mbmarXypx;
Xt{ZX
Bko
Xv
;
k
kwh]-Xn, An-p-sImv Ah-\-hs
- \-s ]qPn-p-sImv
tcm -f `hXv ; \ l -] p- c m- X Xx kwh- c
k-cn-p. Atlw An-p-sIm-n-cn-p-tm ApBk; Xta Xmhw Ime- a- _ nt`m bmhm
I Dm-bn. ""An-p-sIm-n-cn-p F\n-p-thn
kwh- cx, XtaXm hXx Imeky ]c-k vXm-ZPew Dmbn'' Fv arXyp hnNm-cn-p. AXp-X-s-bmWv
kr-P-X, XwPm-X-a-`nhymZZm-Xv, k `mW-I-tcmXv;
A-\v--A-iz-ta-[-{I-Xp-hn\v D]-tbm-Kn-p Anv
sskh hmK-`-h-Xv.
A-Xz-n\p tlXp. C{]-Imcw Cu An-bpsS AAh-B arXyp ""F\nv cm-a-sXmcp icocw DmXzs B Adn- bp- pthm Chv kpJw, As- n Pew
I-Ww'' Fv Iman-p. B Ai-\m-b-bm-Ip arXyp a\-nXo-bmbpw Dm-Ipw.
t\mSv hmns\ anYp-\-am-n--C-W-tNp. AXn--A4. D]--Bt]m hm A, kvXZy-Z-]mw-ic BkoXv
s\ CW tN-Xn GXp tcX-mtWm Dm- bXv AXv
X X v k a- l - \ yX ; k m ] r Y n- h y- ` - h X v;
kwh--c-am-bn-op-- kw-h--c-\nm-Xm-hmb {]Pm-]Xkyma{imayXv ; Xky- { im- ky X]v X ky
Xn-bm-bn-op. B {]Pm-]-Xnbvp apv kwh-cw
tXtPm-c tkm\nc-h -Xmnx
Fp ]d-bp Imew Dm-bn-cp-n-. Ahs\B kwhA Fp ]d-bp-Xv Ap-I BWv. AXn -c-Im-e-\nm-Xm-hmb {]Pm-]-Xn-sb, kwh-cw Fp
Ap- Iv GXp icw Dm-tbm GXp Z[n-aw t]mse- ]d-bp Imew F{X-tm-f-amtWm A{X-tmfw Imew,
bp hkvXp Dmtbm AXp kwl-X-am-bn-ocpp. Hcp- `cn- p- - K `- n- \ p- n arXyp `cn- p. A{Xbpw
anp tNv In-bm-bn-ocpp. AXp ]rYnhn Bbn- Imenstijw Ah-s\-B {]Pm-]-Xnsb krn-p.
ocpp. B ]rYn- hn- bn-B ]rYnhnsb Dev]m-Zn--tm P\n Ahs t\sc hm ]nf-v `n-m-\mbn arXyp hm
{]Pm-]Xn {im-\m-bn-ocpp. {im\pw X]vX-\pw- -Jn- ]nfp. Ah "`m' F i_vZs Dmn AXp\pw Bb Ahs {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS tXP-m-Ip ckw Xs hmm-bn-op.
An-bm-bn--hn-cm-mbn \nhn-p--{]-Pm-]Xn ico-c-n 7. D ] - k s F - X . b- Z nhm C a- a - ` n- a w tk y
\nv \njv{I-an-ncnpp.
I\otbm -f w Icn-jy-C -X n. k Xbm hmNm

5. D]k-t{X[m f- f m\w hymIp-cpX; BZnXyw

XrXobw, hmbpw XrXobw; k Gj- { ]m- W kvt {X[m hnlnXx; Xky {]mNo ZnIv incx,
Asku Nmku tNsu; AYmky {]Xo
NnZnIv ]pw; Aku Nm sku Nm kIvYyu;
ZnWm tNmZoNo N]mtiz Zyux ]rjvTw;
A-cn--ap-Zcw; Cb-apcx, k Gtjm -f ]v kp
{]Xn- j v T nXx b{XIzssN- - X n- t Zh {]Xn- X n- j ptXyhw hnZzm

tX\m -f t\Zw kh-a-k r-P -X , bZnZw Inw

N tm, bPqw j n, k mam- \ n, O mw - k n,
bm, {]Pmx, ]iqk bZy-tZ-hm-kr-PX
X-Z-p-a-{[n-b X; khw hm BoXn XZ`ntX cZn-XX
- zw, kh sskyX-kymm `h-Xn,
kh-a-kym-wZ `hXn b Gh-taX Z ZntX-c-ZnXnXzw thZ.
Ah--ar-Xyp, ""Cu Ipam-cs\ lnkn--bm-sW-n,
Rm As A]-amn sNpw'' Fv Cunp--

279

I hn-Nm-cn-p. Ah--arXyp B hmp-sImpwapp ]d

Aizs Ah-tcm-[n-m-sX-X-s--X-Sp-m-sX-Xs {]Pm{Xbo-cq-]a

- mb hmp-sImpw B a\-p-sImpw Cu ]Xn Nnn-p. Hcp kwh--c-n-\p-tijw B Aizs
kh-amb mh-chpw PwK-a-h p-amb Cu PK- ns\ X\n- p-thn Bew- ` \w sNbvX v-- h -[ n- v- -ap tZh-X Fmw, AXm-b-Xv, Ep-I-tfbpw bp-p-I-sfbpw kma- Imbn ap ]ip-sf _en-sIm-Sp-p. AXn-\m--{]-sfbpw Kmb{Xn apX-emb O-p-I-sfbpw b-- Pm-]Xn C{]-Imcw Nnn--Xn-\m BWv Fm tZh-X-Isfbpw {]P-I-sfbpw ]ip-s
- fbpw krn-p. Ah-- B sfbpw kw_-n-Xpw t{]mWw sN-s-Xpw Bb
arXyp GXns\ Fmw krn-pthm AXns\ Hs `n- {]Pm-]Xn tZh-X-bm-bn-p ]ip-hns\ Bew-`\w sNp-- m h[n-p--Xv. Cu X]n-p--Xmtcm AXv
p- -Xn\v Hcpn Fm- n- s\bpw `n- pp Fp- Xp Xv--bm-n-I
GtXm CXmWp AZn- Xn- bpsS AZn-Xn-Xzw. C{]- Imcw Cu AZn- Aiz-ta-[-am-Ip-p. Ahv kwh-cw Fp ]d-bp
Xn- bpsS AZn-Xn-Xzs Bcv Adn-bp-pthm Ah Cu PK- Imew Bm-hm-Ip-p--i-co-c-am-Ip-p. Cu An--]mnns Fmw khm-m-hm-bn-o-cpXmWv. Ahv hmn A-\m-Ip-p. Cu An-bm-Ip A\v Cu
aqp temI- Bm--fm-Ip-p--i-co-cm-h-b-h--fm-IpFmw A- am-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNpXmWv.
p. A-s\-bp Cu Am-iz-ta-[- ]nsbpw
8. D]-tkm f- Ima-b-X, `qbkm bt-\-`qtbm
arXyp-hm-Ip B tZhX Xs Bbn-o-cp-p. C{]-Imcw
btP-tb-Xn, tkm -f {imayXv; kXt]m f- X]yX;
Bcv Adn-b p-pthm Ah hop-ap arXyp-hns\
Xky {imky X]vX -ky-b tim hocy-ap-Z-{ImtXmev]n-p-XmWv. Ahs\ arXyp {]m]n-p-I-bn-. arXyp
aXv; {]mWmssh btim hocyw; XXv {]mtW
Ahs Bm- hm-bn-o- cp-p. Cu tZh- X- Iv GI-\mb
jqXv {Imtjp icocw izbnXp a{[n-bX; Xky
Bm-hmbpw Ah\m-bnocp-p.

icoc Gh-a\ Bko-Xv.

Ah- B {]Pm-] -X n, ""hep-X mb bw-s Imv

hopw F\nv bPn-Ww'' Cs\ Imanp Ah
{im- \m-bn. Ah X]-ns\ X]n-p. {im\pw X]vX-\pamb Ahs bipw hocyhpw DXv{I-an-p. bipw
hocyhpw {]mW--fm-bn. AXn-\m {]mW- DXv{Im--fm-b-tm icocw honpSn. Fnpw Ahs
a\v ico-c-nXs Ddn-cp-p.

9. D]-tkm f- Ima-b-X, ta[yw a CZw kym Zm

- -Xv, bZ\zyt\\ kyman-Xn, XtXm -f izx ka-`h
izXv Xt-[y-a-`q-ZnXn XtZ-hm-iz-ta[ ky iz ta[Xzw. Gj l hm Aiz-ta[w thZ b G\ tahwthZ Xa-\ -h -c pss[y hma-\ y-X , Xw kwh- cky ]c-kvXm-Zm-\ Be-`X ]iq tZhXm`yx
{]Xyu-lXv; XkvamXv kh tZhXyw t{]mjnXw
{]mP-m]Xy ame-`t; Gj l hm Aiz-tat[m
b Gj-X -]Xn; Xky-k w-h-c Bm -f ban-c-kvX-tkyta temIm Bm\x Xm thXmhmiz ta[u. tkm ]p\-tc-ssIh tZhXm
`hXn arXyp- t ch; A]- ] p- \ r- X ypw- P - b Xn
ss\\w arXyp-c-kymm `h-tXyXm kmw tZhXm\m tatIm-`-h-Xn. b Ghw thZ.
""Fs Cu icocw ta[y-am-bn-o-c-tW. Cu ico-cwsImv F\nv Bm-hp--h\
- m-bn-o-c-tW.'' Fv B
{]Pm-] Xn B{Klnp. AXn-\ m Aiz- am-bn-op.
GXmtWm izbn-Xv AXv ta[y-am-bn-op. Fp--XpX-s- bm-Wv Aiz-ta- [-n-\p Aiz-ta-[Xzw F [w.
Ch-s\- Cu Aiz-tbpw ta]- d {]Im-c-ap Ancq-]-\mb kqcyt\bpw C-s\--ta-em Npcp--n
ImWn-p-hm t]mIp hnti-j-W-tm-Sp-IqSn Bcv Adnbp-pthm Ah Aiz-ta-[s Adn-bp-p. AXn-s\-B

aqmw {_mWw
10. D]-Z- zmbm l {]mPm-]-Xym, tZhmm kpcm;
XXx Im\o-bkm Gh-tZhm Pymbkm Akpcmx,
X Gjp temtIjy kv]; tX l tZh
DuNplm kpcm- \ y DZv K o- t Y- \ mXy
bmtaXn.
{]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS A]-Xy- tZh-mcpw Akp-c-mcpw
cp Iq BIp-p. Ah-cn tZh-m Aev]-m
XsbmIp-p. Akp-c-m A[n-I-m BIp-p. Ah
B Akp-c- mcpw tZh-mcpw Cu temI- \nan--ambn
Xn Xn kv]n- p. B tZh-m ]d-p.- -""C- tm
b-n Akp-c- msc DZvKo-Yw-sImv \apv AXn-Kanmw''.

11. D] tX l hmN-aq-NpkvXzw \ DZvKm-tb-Xn. X

tYXn tX t`ym hm KpZ-Km-bXv; tbm hm Nn
t`mKkvXw tZth`y B KmbXv; bXv IeymWw
hZXn XZm- - t \, tX hnZp- c t\ ss\h \
DZvKm{Xm -f tXyjy-oXn; Xa-`n-{ZpXy ]m]va\m
-f hn[y; k bx k]m]va m btZ-th-Za {]Xncq]w hZXn; k Gh k ]m]vam. h.
Ah--tZ-h-m hmn-t\m-S-v- hm-K-`n-am-\n-\n-bmb tZh-XtbmSv ""\o Rp-thn DZvKm\w sNpI'' Fv ]dp. ""A-s\-bm-Is''Fv hmKvtZ-hX Ahp-thn
DZvKm\w sNbvXp. hmp-\n-an--ambn D t`mKw GtXm
B t`mKs tZh-mmbn BKm\w sNbvXp Ieym-Wam-bn-h-Zn- pI FXp GtXm AXns\ X\n-b vmbn
BKm\w sNbvXp.
Ah--A-kp-c-m ""Cu DZvKm-Xm-hn-s\-sImv \sf
tZh-m AXn-K-anpw'' Fv Adn-p. B DZvKm-Xm-hns\

280

I A`n-K-an-np ]m]vam-hp-sImp th[n-p--Xm-Un-p. B

]m]vamhv GtXm AXv GXp \nan--amtWm Cu A{]-Xn-cq]-ambn ]d-bp-Xv AXp Xs-bm-Ip-p. B ]m]vam-hpA-{]-Xn-cq]ambn ]d-bp--Xn\p \nan--amb B ]m]vamhv
{]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS hmn D-Xp-X-s- bm-Ip-p.

12. D]- -A -Y l {]mW-ap-N pkvX zw \ DZvKm-tbXn

XtYXn tX`yx {]mW DZvKm-b -Xv. bx {]mtW
t`mKkvXw tZth`y BKm-bXv; bXv Ieym-Ww
Pn{LXn XZm- -t \. tX hnZp- c - t \\ ssh\
DZvKm{Xm f- tXyjy-o-Xn, Xa-`n-{Zyp-Xy-]m-]va\m
-f hn[y; k bx k ]m]v a m b tZ thZa
{]Xncq]w Pn{LXn; k Gh k ]m]vam

t`mKkvXw tZth`y BKm-bXv; bXv IeymWw

irtWmXn XZm- -t\, tX hn Zpct\ ssh\
DZvKm{Xm f- tXjy-o-Xn. Xa-`n-{ZpXy ]m]va\m f hn[y kbx k ]m] v a m b tZth- Z a
{]Xncq]w irwtWmXn; k Gh k ]m]vam

A\-cw ""\o Rmbn DZvKm\w sNbvI'' Fv

t{im{X-tmSv ]d-p. ""A-s\-bm-Is'' Fp ]d-v,
t{im{Xw B tZh- mmbn DZvKm\w sNbvXp. t{im{Xw \nan-ap t`mKw GtXm AXns\ tZh-mmbn BKm\w
sNbvXp. Ieym-W-s--tim-`-\-am-bn-p--X ns\ tIp
FXv GtXm AXns\ X\n-mbn BKm\w sNbvXp. ""Cu
DZvKm-Xm- hn-s\-smv \t tZh-m AXn-K-anpw'' Fv
-A-kp-c-m Adn-p. B DZvKm-Xm-hns t\tc sNv
]m]vamhpsImv th[n-p. B ]m]vamhv GtXm AXv, GXp
\nan- -amtWm Cu A\p-Nn-X- am-bn-p--Xns\ tIp-Xv
AXp-X-sbmWv. A\p-NnX {ih-W- n\p \nan--amb B
]m]v a mhv {]Pm- ] - X n- b psS t{im{X- n D- X p- X sbmIpp.

A\-cw {]mW-t\m-Sv, ""\o Rp-th-n, DKvZm\w

sNpI'' Fv tZh-m ]d-p. A-s\-bm-Is Fp
]d- v, {]mW Ahp-thn DZvK m\w sNbvX p.
{]mW \nan--ap t`mKw GtXm, AXns\ tZh-mpthn BKm\w sNbv X p. Ieym- W - a m-b n- p- -X ns\
{LmWn FXv GtXm AXns\ X\n-p- thn BKm\w
sNbvXp. ""Cu DZvKm-Xm-hn-s\-smv \s tZh-m AXn- 15. D]- -A Y l a\-D u-N pkvX zw \ DZvK m-tb- X n.
K-an-pw'' Fv Akp-c- m Adn-p. B DZvKm-Xm-hns
XtYXn tXt`ym a\ DZvKm-b -X v . tbm a\kn
t\sc sNp ]m]w- sImv B {]mWs\ th[n- p. B ]m]w
t`mKkvXw tZth`y BKm-b-Xv. bXv IeymWw
GtXm AXv, GXp \nan--amtWm Cu A\p-Nn-X-am-bn-pk ev]bXn XZm--s\. tX hnZp-c-t\\ ssh\
-Xns\ {LmWn-p-Xv AXp Xs. A\p-Nn-X-am-bn-p-DZvKm{Xm f- tXyjy-o-Xn. Xa-`n-{ZpXy ]m]va\m
Xns\ {LmWn- p--Xp-sImv A\p-an- -s- Sp B ]m]vam-f hn[y. k bx k ]m]vam btZ-thZ a{]-Xnhv, {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS {]mW-\n-ep--Xp-X-s.
cq]w k-e v]-b-Xn. k Gh k ]m]vam. Gh-

13. D]-A
- Y l Np cqNp kvXzw \ DZvKm-tbXn;
XtYXn tX`ym- - p-cp-Z-Km-b-Xv. b pjn
t`mKkvXw tZth`y BKm-bXv; bXv IeymWw
]iyXn XZm-t\. tX hnZp-c-t\\ ssh \ DZvKm
{XmtXy jyoXn; Xa-`n-{Zp-Xy-]m-]va\m f- hn[y.
k bx k ]m]vam b tZth-Z-a-{]-Xn-cq]w ]iyXn
k Gh k ]m]vam

ta\mx ]m]va\m -f hn[y Gh a JtezXm

tZhXmx tZhXmx ]m]va-`n-cp-]m-kr-P.

]ns a\-n-t\mSv ""\o Rp-thn DZvKm\w

sNbvI'' Fv tZh- m ]dp. ""As\ BIs'' Fp
]d-v, a\v B tZh-mmbn DZvKm\w sNbvXp. a\p-\n-an--ap t`mKw GtXm AXns\ tZh-mmbn
BKm\w sNbvXp. Ieym-W-am-bn-p- -Xns\ k-ev]n-pp
Fp-Xv GtXm, AXns\ X\n- p-thn BKm\w
A\-cw Np-n-t\m-S v, ""\o Rph-thn
sNbvXp. ""Cu DZvKm-Xm-hn-s\-smp \s tZh-m AXnDZvKm\w sNq'' Fv tZh-m ]dp. ""As\
K-an-pw.'' Fv, Akp-c-m Adn-p. B DZvKm-Xm-hns\
BIs'' Fp ]d- v, Npv Ahp-thn DZvKm\w
A`n- {Z-hn- v, ]m]vam-hp- sImv th[n- . B ]m]vamhv GtXm
sNbvXp. Npv \nan--am-bp t`mKw GtXm AXns\
AXv, GXp \nan--amtWm Cu A\p-Nn-X-am-bn-p--Xns\
tZh-mmbn BKm\w sNbvXp. Ieym-W-am-bn-p- -- Xns\
k-ev]n-p--Xv, AXp-Xs BIp-p. A\p-Nn-X-am-bn-pImWpI Fp- Xp GtXm AXns\ X\n- bvmbn BKm\w
-Xns\ k-ev]n-p--Xn\p \nan--amb B ]m]w AXpsNbvXp. ""Cu DZvKm-Xm-hn-s\-smv tZh-m \s AXnXs {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS a\-n Dm-bn-cp--Xp-X-s. C{]K- anpw'' Fv B Akp- c-m Adnv B DZvKm-Xm-hns\
Imcw Cu tZh-X-Isf ]m]vam-hp-sImv th[np; AXm-bA`n-{Z-hn-nv ]m]vam-hn-s\-smv th[n-p. B ]m]vamhp
Xp, hmKm-Zn-Isf ]m]vam-thmSp tbmPn-n-X
- p-t]m-se-Xs
GtXm AXv bmsXmp \nan--amtWm Cu A\p-Nn-X-amCu XzKmZn tZh-X-Isf ]m]vam--tfmSp tbmPn-n-p.
bn-p--Xns\ ImWp-Xv AXp-X- s-bm-Wv. A\p-Nn-X-am-bnp--Xns\ ImWp--Xn\p \nan--amb B ]m]vamhp {]Pm- 16. D]-A
- Y tla-am-k\yw {]mW-aq-NpkvXzw \ DZv
]-Xn-bpsS Np-n Akp-c-m tN-Xp-X-sbmWv.
Kmtb-Xn; XtYXn tX`y Gj-{]m-W-D-ZvKm-bXv; tX

14. D]-A
- Y l t{im{X aq NpkvXzw \ DZvKmtbXn.
XtYXn tX`yx t{im{X apZ-Km-b-Xv. bx t{imt{X

hnZp-c-t\\ ssh \ DZvKm{Xm f- tXyjy-o\nXa`n- { `yp- X y- ] m- ] va \m - f hnhy- ; k bYm - f

ivam\ arXzm temtm hn[zw-tk-ssXhw sslh

281

hn[zw kam\m hnjztm hnt\ipx XtXm

tZhm A` h]cm -f kpcmx; `h-Xym--\m, ]cm
-f kyZzn j{`m-Xrthym `h-Xn, tb Ghw thZ.
A\- cw Cu Aky-n-e p {]mW-t\m-S v, ""\o,
Rp-thn DZvKm\w sNbvI'' Fv tZh- m ]d- p.
""As\ BIs'' Fp ]d-v, {]mW Ahmbn
DZvKm\w sNbvXp. ""Cu DZvKm-Xm-hn-s\-smv \s tZhm AXn-K-anpw'' Fv B Akp-c-m Adn-p.
Ahs t\tc sNnp ]m]vam-hn- s\- smv th[n- p- hm
Cn-p. AXv Fs\ Fm, F{]-Imcw temw (a-m-) ]mjm-Ws {]m]n-nv hn[zw-kn-p-tam, C{]-Im-cwXs hnti-jnp [zkvX-cm-bn-v, \m\m-K-Xn-I-fmbn hn\mis {]m]n-p. A\-cw tZh-m, {]Ir-X- cmb hmKm-ZnI Aym-Zym--Ia
- mb kz cq]-n-em-bn- op.
Akp-c- m ]cm-`q-X-cm-bn- op, hn\--cm-bn- op.
BcmtWm C{]-Imcw Adn-bp-Xv Ah Xm\m-bn-o-cpw.
Chs i{Xp-hmb {`mXr-hy ]cm-`q-X-\m-Ipw.

17. D]-t- X-tlmNpx, Iz\p-tkm-`q-Zv, tbm \ Ca

kt-Xn. Ab-amtky -f cnXn; tkm f- bmky
BMv Knctkm f- MvKm\mw lnckx

20. D]-km hm Gjm tZh-ssX-Xmkmw tZh-Xm\mw

]m]v a m\w arXyp- a - ] - l - X ym- s sY\m arXyp- a XyhlXv.

A-s\-bp Cu {]mW-tZ-hX Cu hmKmZn tZh-X-IfpsS ]m]vam-hm-Ip arXyp-hns\ A]-l-\n-n-v Cu tZh-XIsf arXyp-hns\ IS-n-hnv kzcq-]s {]m]n-n-p.

21. D]-k ssh hmN-tah {]Y-am-a-Xy-h-lXv; km f bZm arXyp-a-Xy-ap-NyX tkm -f nc-`hXv tkm
-f banx ]tcW f- arXyp aXn-{Imtm Zo]ytX
B {]mW {]Y-a-bm- b--{]-[m-\- bm-b--hm-ns\s
IS-n-hn-p. B hmv Ftm arXyp-hns\ AXn-{I-an- p
ap-bmtbm Atm AXv An-bm-bn-ocpp. IS-pt]mb Cu An arXyp-hn\v Apdw Zo]n-p-p--{]-Im-inp-XmWv.

22. D]-A
- Y {]mW-a-Xy-h-lXv k bZm arXyp-aXy
apNy- X , khm- b p- c - ` -h Xv ; tkm - f bw hmbpx
]tcW arXyp-a-Xn-{Imx ]h-tX.

]ns {]mW-s\--{Lm-W-s--I-S-n-hn-p. AXv-B

{]mW--F-tm arXyp-hns\ AXn-{I-anp ap-\mtbm
Ah- -{]- Pm- ]- Xn-bpsS {]mW- - - ]-dp: ""BcmtWm Atm AXp hmbp-hm-bn-op. arXyp-hns\ AXn-{I\t C{]-Imcw tZh-`m-h-tmSp tN-Xv, Ah FhnsS an Cu hmbp arXyp-hn\v Apdw ]h\w sNp-p.
Ccp-pthm?'' Fv, ""CXm hmbpsS \Sp- hn.'' Fv Ah 23. D]- -A -Y-N-p-c-Xy-h-lXv; XZyZm arXyp-a-Xyap
Ip-]n-Sn- p. B {]mW, Abm-ky\pw BMvKn-c-k-\p-amNyX, k BZntXym -f `hXv; tkm f- km hmZn
Xyx ]tcW arXyp-aXn {Im-kvX-]Xn
Ip-p. Fs- m Ah BMvK--fp-sS--Im-cy-I-c- Wm-I--fmb AMvK--fp-sS-- c-k-am-Ip-p, kmc-am-Ip-p.
]ns Np-ns\ IS-n-hn-p. B Npv Ftm
18. D]-km hm Gjm tZhXm Zqma; Zqcw ly arXyp-hns\ AXn-{I-anv ap-amtbm Atm AXv BZnkymarXypx; Zqcw l hm Akvamar-Xyp`-hXn Xy-\m-bn-op. arXyp-hns\ AXn-{I-an A-s\-bp
B BZn-Xy arXyp-hn\v Apdw X]n-p-p.
b Ghw thZ

- Y t{im{X-a-Xy-h-lXv; XZy-Zm-arXyp aXyap

A-s\-bp Cu {]mW-tZ-hX "Zq' Fp {]kn-n- 24. D]-A
NyX,
XmZntim f- `h; Xm CamZnix ]tcW
bp--Xm-Ip-p. Fs-m, Cu tZh-X-bn \nv arXyp
arXyp
aXn-{Immx
Zqc-n-em-W.v C{]- Imcw B Adn-bp- p-thm, Ch-\n\nv
arXyp Zqc-n- em-bn-o-cp-p.
]ns t{im{Xs IS-n-hn-p. AXv B t{im{Xw
Ftm
arXyp-hns\ ISp ap-am-tbm, Atm Ah
19. D]-km hm Gjm tZh-ssX-Xmkmw tZh-Xm\mw
]m]vam\w arXyp-a-]-l-Xy, b{Xm -f f kmw Znima Znp-I-fm-bn-op. arXyp-hns\ AXn-{I-an A-s\ kvX - Z vK- a bmw N Imc; X Zmk mw ] m]va- bp Znp-I arXyp-hn-\-pdw nXn sNp-p.
t\mhn\yZ-[mXv; Xkvam P\-an-bm-m--an-bmtXv ]m]vam\w arXyp-a-\z-hm-bm-\o-Xn.

25. D]- -A Y at\m -f Xyh-l Xv; XZy-Zm-ar-X yp-a-Zy

apNyX, k N{am A`-h-Xv. tkm f- ku N{x
]tcW
arXyp-a-Xn-{Itm `mXn; Ghw l hm
As\ D {]mW Fp ]d-bp Cu tZhX Cu
G\ta
jm
tZh-Xm-ar-Xyp-a-Xn-h-l-Xn, b Ghw
hmKmZn tZh-X-I-fpsS ]m]vam-hm-Ip arXyp-hns\ A]lthZ.
\n-nv Fhn- sS-bmtWm Cu Znp-I-fpsS Ah-km\w AhnsS
Kan-n-p. AhnsS Cu tZh-X-I-fpsS ]m]vam-sf ]e hn[A\-cw a\-ns\ IS-n-hn-p. AXp Ftm arXypn AS- n-h- p. AXn-\m, ""]m]vam- hm- Ip arXyp- hns\ hns\ ISp ap-am-bn-opthm Atm AXp N{Rm {]m]n--cp-X.v Atm!'' Fv hnNm-cn-,v P\s Kan- \m-bn-op. arXyp-hns\ AXn-{I-an A-s\-bp B
N{ arXyp-hn\v Apdw tim`n-p-p. C{]-Imcw B
-cp-Xv. A-s--Zn-p-I-fpsS A-s--K-an--cp-Xv.

282

I Adn-bp-p-thm, Chs\ Cu {]W-tZ-hX arXyp-hns\ ISn-hn- Sp-p.

Ikvam-m-MvKmXv {]mW DXv{Im-aXn XtZh XpjyXn; Gj lnhm AMvKm\mw ckx.

26. D]-A
- Y f- -f t\ f- mZy-am-Km-b-Xv. bnInw
N m - a - Z ytX - f t\ s s\ h- X - Z - Z y- t X . C l
{]XnXnjvT Xn.

""tkm -f bmky BMvKn-ctkm -f MvKm\mw ln ckx''

Fp--Xn-\m {]mW AwK--fpsS ckamsWp ]dn-p-- tm. {]mW AwK--fpsS ck-am-sW-p-Xp
A\- cw X\n- p-thn Am-Zys BKm\w {]kn- -am-Wv. GXv AwK-n\n-p-amtWm {]mW DXv{IsNbvXp. Fs- m GsXmw Aw AZn- -s-Sp- an- p--Xv-- am-dp- Xv AtmXs AXv-B AwKw--tim-jnpthm AXv {]mW-s\-sm-p-X-s-bmWv AZn- -s-Sp- - p-p. AXn-\m Cu {]mW AwK--fpsS ck-sap
{]kn--am-bn-cn-p-p.
Xv. Cu Am-Zy-n {]mW {]Xn-jvTnXn sNp-p.

27. D]- tX tZhm A{_p- h : GXm-h Zzm CZw

khw bZw XZm-\ BKmkox; A\pt\m f kvan B`-Pkz CXn. tXssham -f `nkwhni tXXn. XtYXn Xw kaw ]cn-Wy-hn-i-.
Xkvam-Zy-Zt\ \m-a-ntX ss\Xm-kvXr-]y-n.
Ghw l hm G\w kzm A`n-kw-hn-in; `m
kzm\mw t{ijvTx ]pc GXm `h-X ymtZm -f
[n]-Xncy Ghw thZ. b D sslhw-hnZw tkzjp{]Xn {]Xnq-`q-j-Xn, \ sslhmew `mtcy-t`ym`-h-Xn. AY b Gssh-X-a-\p-`-h-Xn, tbm sshXa-\p-`m-cym _p`q-jXn, kssl-hmew `mtcy-t`ym`- h-Xn.

29. D] f- Gj D Gh _rl-kv]Xnx; hmssKz _r

lXo: Xkym Gj-]Xnx; Xkvam-Zp-_r-l-kv]Xnx.
Cu {]Ir-X-amb BMvKn-c-kXs _rl-k]
v -Xnbpw
BIp-p. _rlXo Fp ]d-bp-Xv hmm-Ip-p-h-tm.
AXn\v Cu {]mW ]Xn-bm-Ip-p. AXn-\m _rl-kv]Xn-bp-am-Ip-p.

30. D]Gj D Gh {_- W -k v ] Xnx; hmssKz

{_; Xkym Gj- ] Xnx; Xkv amZp {_W
kv ]Xnx.
Cu {]mWXs {_-kv]-Xnbpw BIp-p, {_w
hmm-Ip-p. AXn-\-vB hmn-\-vCu {]mW ]Xn-bm-Ipp. AXn-\m {_-W-k]
v Xn BWv.

B hmKm- Zn- I -f mb tZh- m ]dp: ""Aw

bmsXmtm AXv Fmw C{X-bpta Dp-htm; AXns\ 31. D]Gj D Gh kma; hmssKzkm f- ssaj,
km Nma-tXn XXv kmav\x kmaXzw; btZzh
X\n-p-thn \o BK-a\w sNbvXp. C\n Cu A- n
kax pjn-Wm, ktam ai-tI-\, ktam \mtK\,
Rsf B`- Pn- n- p- I - - ] - p- - h -c m- p- I .'' Fv
ka G`n-k v{Xn-ZntmssIx, kax ktW;
"Amn-I-fm-sW-n \n Fs Nppw A`n-ap-JX mk vam- t Zz- h - k ma; A i v\ ptX k mav\ x
ambn nXn sNp-hn!' Fp {]mW ]d-p. ""AkmbqPyw ktem IXmw, b G h taX Xv
s\-bm-Is'' Fp ]d-v, B {]mW\v Nppw \nhn--cmkmathZ.
bn. AXn-\m Cu {]mW-s\-smv bmsXmcp As
Cu {]mW Xs kma-hp-am-Ip-p. "km' FXv
temIw AZn-p-p-thm, B Aw-sImv Cu hmKm-Zn-I
hmmIp-p. "Aa' F i_vZw Cu {]mW-\m-Ip-p. "k'
Xr]vXn-s-Spp C{]-Imcw B Adn-bp-p-thm, Chs\
kzw Bfp-I--m-Xn-I C{]-Imcw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cnp FXpw "Aa' FXpw AXmWv kma-n- \p kmaXzw
Nppw Ccn-p-p. Ch mXn-Iv `c-W-Im- Fp Imc-W-m-em- tWm. pjn- tbm-Sv--]p-n- Im-i- co-c- tmhmbpw t{ijvT - \ mbpw apn \S- p- - h -\ m- b pw, Sp--k-a-\mbpw sImXp-In-t\mSp ka-\m-bpw, \mK-tmSp ka\mbpw Cu aqp temI--tfmSpw ka-\mbpw kAs `n-p--h-\m-bpw Atcm-K-\mbpw taem-hm-bntmSpw ka-\mbpw Ccn-p- -Xv, AXp-sImpw {]mWs\
cpv ]men-p--h-\mbpw `hn-p-p. kzw Bfp-I-fn
kma-sap ]d-bmw. Bcm-tWm, C{]-Imcw kmas AdnBcmtWm C{]-Imcw Adn-bp--h-s\-p-dnv {]Xn-Iq-e-\mbp--Xv, Ah kman-s-- {]m-Ws kmbq-Py-stbm
bn, kv]n-p--h\
- mbn `hn-p-hm Cn-p--X v,
ktem-I-X-tbtbm {]m]n-p-p.
Ah `c-Wo-b-mv aXn-bm-b-h-\mbn `hn--bn--X-s.
]ns BcmtWm Ch-s\-- C-{]-Imcw Adn-bp--h-s\--A-\p- 32. D]- - G - j - D hm DZv K oYx; {]mtWm hm DXv ;
{]mtW\ loZw kh-ap- _v [ wx hm tKh
K-X- \mbn `hn-p--Xv, BcmtWm Chs\ A\p-hn-pKoYm; D-KoYm tNXn k DZ-KoYmx.
sImv `mcy- m- sc- -`-c- Wo- b-m-sc--`- cn- p- hm Cn-p-Xv
Ah am{Xta `c-Wo-b-mp aXn-bmhpI-bp-q.
Cu {]mW DZvKo-Y-hp-am-Ip-p. DXv FXv {]mW-\m-

28. D]-""tkm f- bmky BMvK n-c tkm -f MvKm\mw

lnckx'' {]mtWm hm AMvKm\mw ckx, {]mtWmlnhm AMvKm\mw ckx; XkvamZw bkvam

Ip-p. Fs-m Cu PK-smw {]mW-\m BWv

D-_v[-am- bn-cn-p- - Xv--Xmn \ndp- - s-n-cn- p--Xv. KoY
Fp ]d-bp-Xv hmp-Xs BIp-p. Dw-Ko-Ybpw

283

I Fp-Xp tNp-]-d-bp--XmWv DZvKo-Yw.

33. D]-X
-
- m]n {_-Z-t InXmt\m cmPm\w
`-b-p-hmN: Abw Xyky cmPm aqm\w
hn]m-X-b-Xm-Zv, bZntXm -f bmky BMvKnctkm f t\yt\m- Z - K m- b - Z n- X n. hmNm N tlyh k
{]mtW\ tNmZ-Km-b-Zn-Xn.
B hnj-b-nepw Hcp BJym-bnI tIn-p-v. ssNInXm- \s bphm- ]- Xy-amb {_- Z- cmPm-hn- s\- - tkm- a- s- `- n-p- sImv ]dp: ""Abm-ky- \mb BMvKn-c-k Cu
hmIvkw- bp-- \mb {]mW-\n\nv asmcp tZh- X- sb- smmWv DZvKm\w sNbvX-sX-n, Cu Fm `n--sSp tkmaw Ah-s--A-\r-X-hm-Zn-bmb Fs--aqm-hns\-- in-c-ns\ hn]-Xn- n- s'' Fv. Ah--A- bm-ky-\mb
BMvKn-c-k hmp-sImpw {]mW-s\-smpw XsbmWv DXvKm\w sNbvXXv Fv CXp-sImp Xo-bm-W.v

34. D] Xky sslXky kmtav\m bx kzw thZ,

`hXn lmky ssh kzc Gh kzw Xkv amZmXznPyw Icn-jy hmNn kzc-an-t-X. Xbm
hmNm kzk- - bm - f - f XznPyw Ipcym- X v .
Xkvam-Zyt kzc-hw ZnZr- Gh; AtYm
bkykzw `h-X n. `hXn lmkykzw b Gh
tatXXv kmav\x kzw thZ.
A--s\-bp Cu kma-ns [\s B Adn-bppthm Ahv [\w Dm-Ipw. B kma-n\v [\w kzcwX-s-bmWv. AXn-\m BXznPyw sNbvhm t]mIp-h hmn kzcs Cn--Ww. kzc-k---bmb B
hmp-sImv BXzn-Pys sN-Ww. BmtWm [\w
D- Xv, Aht\ ImWp-hm B{K-ln-p- Xp F{]-Im-ctam
AXp-t]m-se, bn kzc-ap--hs\ ImWp-hm P\ B{K-ln-p-I-Xs sNp-p. BcmtWm C{]-Imcw
Cu kma-ns kzns\ Adn-bp- Xv Ahv [\w DmIpXmWv.

35. D]- -X ky sslXky kmav t\mbx kphw

thZ, `hXn lmky kphw; Xky ssh kzc
Gh kphw; `hXn lmky kphw b
Ghw ta-XXv kmav\x kphw thZ.
A-s\-bp Cu kma-ns kphs B
Adn- bp-pthm Ahv kphw Dm- Ipw. B kma- n\v
kphw kzcw-X-s-bm-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw Cu kmans kphs B Adn-b p- pthm Ahv
kphw Dm-IpXmWv.

36. D] Xky sslXky kmavt\m bx {]XnjvTmw

thZ, {]Xn lXn-jvTXn; Xky ssh hm tKh
{]XnjvTm; hm Nn ln Jtezj GXXv {]mWx
{]Xn-jvTntXm KobtX; A CXyp-sslI B
lpx.

A-s\-bp Cu kma-ns {]Xn-jvTsb B Adnbp-p-thm, Ah {]Xn-jvTnXn sNp-p. B kma-n\v

{]XnjvT hmp-X-s- bm-Ip-p. Fs- m Cu {]mW
hmn {]Xn-jT
v n-X- \m-bn-m-Wtm Cu KoXn-bm-bn-o-cp-Xv. A-n {]Xn-jvTn-X-\m-bn-m-Wp KoXn `mhs
{]m]n-p--sXv ap Nne ]d-bp-p.

37. D] AYmXx ]h-am-\m-\m-ta-hm-`ym-tcmlx; k

ssh Jep {]kvtXmXm kma {]kvXuXn; k
b{X {]kvXp-bmXv XtZ-Xm-\n-P-t]Xv; AktXm
am kZv K - b abm; Xa- t km am tPmXnK- a b;
artXymm -f arXw-K- a-b . CXn. k bZm- l mktXm am\z-ZvK-a-tb-Xn, arXyphm Ak-Xv, kZar X w ; ar tX ym m - f ar X w Ka- b m- a r X w
amIphntXy sshX-Zml; Xatkm am tPymXn
Ka-t bXn: arXypsshXtam, tPymXn- c - arXw
artXymm -f arXw Ka- b m- a rXw amIphntXyssh XZml; artXymm -f arXw Ka-tbXn
\m{X Xntcm-ln-X-an-hm-kvXn. AYbm \oX-cmWn
kvtXm{XmWn tXjzm-t\ -f m`yamKmtb-Xv.
XkvamZp tXjp-h cw hrWo-X bw Imaw ImatbX Xw; k Ghw hnZp- Z v KmXm - f - f t\
hmbP-am-\mb h bw Imaw Ima-btX XamKm
bXnsXs-X -tm-I -P n-tZh: \ sslhm-tem-I yXmbm Bim f- kvXn, b Gh-ta-XXv kma thZ.
A\-cw CXn-\m GXp hnm-\-ap--h-\mtWm P]I- n A[n-Im-cw, B hnm\w ]d-p-I-gn--Xn\m ]h-am-\-p am{X-ap A`ymtcmlw Fp ]dbp P]-Iw hn[n--s-Spp: B {]kvtXm-Xmhv
kmas {]kvX-hn-p-a-tm. B {]kvtXm-Xmhv GXp Imen {]kvX-hn-p-tam-- {]m-cw-`n-ptam Atm Ch-sb-Xmsg ]d-bp a{- sf P]n--Ww. ""AktXm am kZvKabm'' ""Xatkm am tPymXnK-a-b.'' ""artXymm f- arXw
Ka-b,'' Fv. B a{w ""AktXm am kZvK-abm'' Fv
GXns\ ]d-bp-p-thm, AXn Akv Fp ]d-bp-Xv
arXyp BIp-p. kv FXv Aar-X-am-Ip-p. Fs
arXyp-hn\nv Aar-X s {]m]n-n-p-I. AXm-bXv;
Fs Aar-X-\m-pI Fp-X-s-bmWv Cu ]d-bp--Xv.
Xav FXv arXyp BIp-p. arXyp-hn\nv Fs AarXs {]m]n-n-p-I. AXm-bXv Fs Aar-X-\m-pI
Fp-X-s-bmWv C-d-bp--Xv. artXymm f- arXw- K-ab
Fp-- Xn XntcmlnXsa- -t]mse D Akzcq]w
C. A\-cw ap kvtXm{X- Ghtbm Ah-bn X\nmbn Am-Zys BKm\w sN-Ww. GXp Imc-W-memtWm C{]- Imcw Adn-bp-- -{]m- W-hn- m- b- Cu DZv- Km- Xmhv
X\n-mtbm bP-am-\
- mtbm GXp Imas Iman-ppthm AXns\ BKm\w sNp--Xv, AXn-\m B
kvtXm{X- {]tbm-Kn--s-Sp-tm GXp Ima-sbmtWm Iman-p--Xv, B Imas hc-ambn hcn--Ww.

284

I A-s\-bp Cu {]mhn-m\w temI-sf Pbn-p-Xp-X-s. BcmtWm Cu \mas Adn-bp-Xv Ahv

temIml-Xz-`m-h-s-n Awiw-k\w Dm-IpX-.

]Xv\o Nm`-h-Xmw. Xkvam-Zn-Z-a _rK-f-anh kz

CXnl kva m -ff lbm- -hevIyx; Xkvam-Z-bamImix kv{Xnbm ]qcyX Gh. \mw ka-`h
- Xv;
XtXm a\pjym APm-b-.

\memw {_mWw

Ah B {]Pm-]Xn can-n- cXnsb {]m]n-n-. AXn\m GIm-In-bm-bn-p--h can-p-n- . Ah, cm-asXmcp hkvXp-hn- s\-kv{Xn hkvXp-hns\ Cn- p. Ah ]ckv]cw Benw- K\w sNbvXn-cn-p kv{Xo ]pcp- j- m Fs\-tbm--GXp ]cn-am-W-tmSp IqSn-bn-cn-ptam A{Xbpw
]cn-am-W-ap-- h Bbn-op. Ah Cu Bm-hn-s\s cp {]Im-c-n ]Xn-n-p. AXn-\m ]Xnbpw
]Xv\nbpw Dm-bn. AXn-\m Cu icocw Xn-ep-- -Xs
A-`mKw t]mte-bn-cn-pp Fv bm-h-evIy ]dn-p-v. AXn-\m BIm-i- am-b--k{v Xo-bm-Ip---]-Ip-Xnbn-m Cu ]pcp-jmw kv{Xobm ]qcn-n--s-Sp-Iap icocw Dm-Ip- -Xn\p apv CXv ]e amXn-cn- bn- ep
Xs sNp-p. Ah-sf--]X
- v\n-bmbn Iev]n--s-p. iXico-c-sa-mw--B- m-hp-Xs Bbn- cp-p. ]pcp-j- s\-tmse
cq] F B ]p{Xnsb {]Pm-]Xn D]-K-an-p. AXn\nv
incv ]mWn-I apX-em-b-h-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb B hncmv A\pa\p-jy Dm-bn.
ho- Ww sNbvXn- v-- A-\zm-tem-N\w sNbvXn- v--X-n\np
thtd- bmb Hn-t\bpw In- . Ah apt "Rm\m- Ipp' 41. D] tkmtl-b-ao-mw-N-t{I--I-Yw-\pam f- f \
Gh P\-bnXzm kw`-hXn? l! Xntcm f- km
F A-n "Alw Akvan' Fv hyml-cn-p-- ]-d\oXn;
km Kuc-`h
- Xv; Ej-`-CX
- cx; Xmw kta-hmp. AXn-\m "Alw' Fp t]cp-h
- \
- m-bn-Xop.
f
Pmb;
_Uth Xcm `h
Xv
;
XtXm
Kmthm
AXn-\m Ctmgpw B a{Ww sN-s--h-"\o Bcv?'
f
`hXv
;
Aiz
hrj
CXcx;
K`oX-cm, K`
Fp tNmZn- m Hcp- h- - B-Zyw- -"Rm BWv' Fp-Xs
CXcx;
Xmw
ktah
m`
h
Xv
;
X
X
GIi
^a-Pm]d-n-v, B thtd-bp \mas ]d-bp-p. B {]Pm-]Xn
- cx; Ahncn-XbX; AtP-Xcm f- `hXv; hkvX-CX
Cu {]Pm-]-Xn-Xzs {]m]n-p-hm-\n-n-p--h-cpsS kapcm,
tajC
X
cx;
Xmw
ktah
m`
-h Xv; XtXm fZm- b-s- m-sfmw ]q-\m-bn- v--ap--\m-bn-v--Fm ]m]vamPmhtbm
f
Pmb;
Ght
ah
bZnZw
InwN anYp-tfbpw Zln-np Fp-Xv GtXm, AXn-\m ]pcp-j\a
m]n
]oenX
m`
yk
v
X
Xv
;
kh
akrP-X.
\m- Ip-p. C{]-Imcw B Adn-bp- pthm Ah, BcmtWm
Ch-s\-m ap-\mbn `hn-p-hm Cn-p-Xv Ahs\
B Ch B iX-cq] Cun-p. Btem-Nn-p.
Zln-n- pXmWv.
""Fs Xn\np Xs P\n- n-n- v, F- s\-bmWv kw`39. D]- tkm f- _nt`Xv; Xkvam-tZ-ImIo _nt`Xn; hn- p-Xv?- D]- K- an-p- Xv? Ctm Rm ad- p-I-fbmw''
k l mb- a o- mw- N - t {I, b- Z - \ y- m- k vXn, Fv, Ah B iX-cq] tKmhm-bn-op. at B
Ikv a mp _nt`- a oXn; XX Ghmky `bw a\p Ej`w Bbn. Ahsf D]-K-an--Xs sNbvX p.
AXn\nv tKm P\n-p. at-h--i-X-cq-]--s]c-Iphobmb; Ikvam-y-t`-yXv? ZznXobm ssZz `bw
Xn-c-bm-bn-op. at-h--a\pBIp-Xn-c-bm-bn. iX`h-Xn.
cq] s]I-gp- X- bm-bn. at B BI- gp-X-bm- bn. Ahsf
AhB {]Pm-]Xn `b-s-p, AXn-\m H-bm-bp-- D]-K-an--Xs sNbvXp. AXn\nv H-p-f-p C\w
h `b-s-Sp-p. As\ `b-s Cu {]Pm-]Xn Cu Dm-bn. iX-cq] s]tIm-em-Sm-bn. at B-a
- -\p-- tImWs sNbvXp--hn-Nm-cn--dn-p. ""bmsXmcp Imc-W- em-Sm-bn. AXp-t]mse iX-cq] s]Ip-dn-bmSpw a\p
m Fn\nv A\y-am- bn-p hkvXp C- tm, AXn- BIp-dn-bm-Sp-ambn Ahsf D]-Ka
- n--Xs sNbvXp.
\m GXn\n-mWv Rm `b-s-Sp-Xv?'' Fv. AXn- AXn\nv tImem-Sp-Ifpw Ipdn-bm-Sp-Ifpw Dm-bn. C{]\mXs Ch-s Cu {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS `bw Xosc \on. Imcw Xs ]n]o-en-I-Ihsc GsXmw anYp-\-amtWm
GXn \nmWv `b-s-Xv? cm-a-sXm-n \nm-Wtm temI-n DXv AXns\ Fmw krn-p.
`b-ap-m-Ip- -Xv.

38. D]-B
- -ss-th-Z-a{K BkoXv; ]pcp-j-hn[x tkm
f- \p hoy-\ m-\ y-Zm- t\m - f ]iyXv; tkm -f
l akvao Xyt{K hyml-c-Xv. XtXm -f lw \mam`-hXv: Xkvam-Z-t]y-Xlym-a-{ntXm -f la-b-antXy-hm{K Dzm -f Ym\y- ma {]{_q-tX, bZky-` -h - X n. k bXv ]qtm - f kv amXv kkvamXv km ]m]va \ Huj- X v, Xkv amXv
]pcpjx HmjXn l ssh k Xw tbm f- kvamXv
]qtm _p`q-jXn b Ghw thZ.

40. D] k ssh ss\h tcta; Xkvam-tZ-Im-Io\

catX. k ZznXo-b-ssa-Xv; k sslXm-hm-\m-k,
bYm kv{Xo]pamw ku kw]-cn-ju; k Ca
tahm f- f m\wtZz[m -f ]mX-bXv; XXx ]Xn

42. D] tkm -f thZlw hmh krn-c - k vaylw

loZw kha kro-X n, XXx krn-c -` -h Xv
krymw lmssky-Xkymw `h-Xn, b Ghw thZ.

Ah B {]Pm-]Xn hnNm-cnp: ""krn--kr-n-- s

PK-v--Rm Xs- bm-Ip- p. Fs-m CXns\ Fmw

285

I Rm\mWp'' krn-Xv Fv. AXn-\m krn Fp t]cp-h-\m-bn-op. C{]- Imcw B Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah

Chs Cu {]Pm-]-Xn-bp-sS-Cu krn-bn--kr-n-bmb
Cu PK-n {km-hm-bn-o-cp-p.

43. D]- - A - t Y- X y- ` - a - Xv ; kap- J m- - t bm- t \l

kvXm`ymw Nmn-a-kr-PX; Xkva-tZ-X-Zp-`-b-atem
aI-a--cX;x Atem-a-I ml tbm\n-c--cXx XZy
`nZam lpcapw bPmapw b tPtXy-ssIIw tZh,
taX- s skyh km hnkrnx; Gj Dtlya
kthtZhmx AY- b Xv Int-Z -am{Zw Xt{ZXtkm f- krPX; XZp-tkmax; GXm-h Zzm CZw
kh-aw Nmm-Z; tkma Ghmw; Anc- mZx; sskjm {_tWm - f Xnkrnx;
bvtdbtkm tZhm-\ -k r-P -X , AY-b - yx
k-ar-X m-\ -k r-P -X, Xkvam-Z-X n-k rnx AXnkrymw lmsskyXkymw `hXn b Ghw thZ.
A\-cw C{]-Imcw A`n-ap-tJy\ aY\w sNbvXp. B
{]Pm- ]Xn apJ-am-Ip tbm\n-bn\npw lkvX- -fm-Ip
tbm\n-I-fn\npw Ansb krn-p. AXn-\m CXpcpw AIv tcma-an-m--Xm-bn-cn-p-p. tbm\n AIp-h-iv tcma-an-m--Xm-W-tm. AXn--I-{]-I-c-Wn, Hmtcm tZh-s\bpw C-tZ-hs\ bPn-p-I, C-tZhs\ bPn-pI Fv C-d-bm-dp-Xv GtXm B hnhn-[amb krn Cu {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS Xs- bm-Ip-p. Fm tZhmcpw Cu {]Pm-]Xn Xs BIp-p. A\-cw temIn GsX-m-amtWm B{Z-am-bn-pXv Ahsb tcXn\nv krn-p. AXv tkmaw Xs- bm-Ip-p. Cu PKsmw C{X-tmfw am{X-am-Ip-p. Ahpw Am-Z\pw
am{X- am-Ip-p. Aw-X- s-bmWv tkmaw Am-Z Xs
An. Xs- m t{ijvT-cmb tZh- msc krnp FXv
GtXm, CXv {_m-hns{]-Pm- ]-Xn-bp-sS--X-s- m IqSnb-X-c-n-ep krn-bm-Ip-p. ay-\m-bn-cp-p-sImv
ac-W- an- m-- hsc krnp FXv GtXm AXn- \m AXnkr- n-bm-Ip-p. C{]- Imcw B Adn-bp-pthm Ah Chs-Cu {]Pm-]-Xn-bp-sS-Cu AXn-kr-n-bn {]Pm-]-Xn-sbtmse Xs krm-hm-bn-o-cpXmWv.

44. D]- - X - tZw Xly-h ym- I r- X - am- k oXv; Xma

cq]m-` ym-tah hym{In-b -X m-k u-\ mam -f banZw
cq] CXn; XZn-Z-a-t]y-X ln \ma-cq-]m-` ym-tah
hym{In-b tX -f ku \mam-b -ZnZwcq] CXn. k
Gj Cl {]hn B -f \Jm-t{K-t`ym, bYm
pcx pc-[mt\ -f hlnXx kymXv hnizw`tcm
hm hnizw-`-c-Ip-emtb; Xw \ ]iy-n. AIrt
\mln kx; {]mW-th {]mtWm-\ ma `hXn;
hZ hmIv; ]iyw-px irWzRv t{im{Xw,
a\zm-t\m-a\ kvXm\y-ssky-Xm-\n-I \mam-t\yh. k tbm f- X GssI Iap-]mkvtXm \ k
thZ; AIr-tv\mtly jx; AX GssItI \

`hXn; Bt-tXythm ]mkoX; A{X tlytX

k GIw `h- n, XtZ-X Xv ]Z\o baky
k-ky, bZ-b-amm; At\\ tlyXXv kw
thZ. bYm l ssh]- t Z- \ m- \ p- h n- t , tZhw
Ionw, tmIw hn-tX, bGhw thZ.

_oPm-h --bn-em-bn-cp PK- v, Atm-- D ]np apv--A-hym-Ir-X- am-bn-cp-p. AXv--A-hym-Ir-X-am-bncp PK-v ""Ch C t]cp--h-\m-Ip-p. C cq]tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\m-Ip-p,'' Fv \maw-sImpw cq]wsImpw Xs hymI-cn-p. A-s\-bp Bhym-Ir-Xamb hkvXp Cm-e-pw, ""Ch C-t]-cp- -h-\m-Ipp;
C cq]-ap--h-\m-Ip-p.'' Fv \maw-sImpw cq]wsImpw Xs hymI- cn- p-p. Ah B ]c-\mb Bmhv, pcw--I-n- -I-n-q-n Ah-ln- X-am-bn-cn-p-Xpw
{]th-in-n--s-n- cn-p--Xpw, hnizw- `-c- -A-n-- hn-izw-`cs Ipem-b-n--A-hln-X-\m-bn-cn-p-Xpw GXp {]Imc-tam, A{]-Imcw Cu tZl--fn \Jm-{K-hsc {]hn-\mbn Ahs\ Im-Wp-n-. Fs- m, Ah-- {]m-W\m-Zn-{In-b-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb Bmhv AIr-v\-\m-Ip-p. Aka-kvX-\m-Ip-p. {]mW-\-{In-bsb sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-ptm am{Xsa {]mW Fp t]cp- - h- \m-bn- cn-p- p-q.
hZn-p-tm am{Xta hmv Fp t]cp--h-\m-bn-cn-pp-q. Zin-p-tm am{Xta Npv Fp t]cp--h\m-bn-cn-p-p-q. {ihn-p-tm am{Xta t{im{X- sap
t]cp--h-\m-bn-cn-p-p-q. a\\w sNp-tm am{Xta
a\-sp t]cp--h-\m-bn-cn-p-pq. Cu Bm-hns
A-s\- bp Cu {]mWm- Zn-\m-a- Iw- sIm- p-mb
\ma- am{X- am- W.v BcmtWm CXn\n-v {]mW-\m-Zn-{Inbm-k-ap-Zm-b-n\np Hmtcm-ns\ D]m- kn-p-,v Ah
{_s Adn-bp-n-. Fs-m, Cu Bm-hv, Cu
{]mW-\mZn kap-Zm-b-n Hmtcm-mbn \nevp-tm
AIr-v\- \m- Ip- p- -A-k- a-kvX-\m-Ip-p. Bm- sh- p- h-pXs D]m-kn-Ww Fs-m Cu Bmhv FXv
GtXm, {]Ir- X-amb Cu Xzam-W,v CXn Fm-n-epw-hp
{]m]n--s-tS-- Xv. Fs-m CXp-sIm-v-Cu B-Xzs Adn-bp--Xp-sIm-p, CXns\ FmwBm-h-m-Xns\ Fmw Adn-bp-p. BcmtWm C{]-Imcw Adn-bp-Xp, Ah, GXp {]Im-c-amtWm ]Zw-sIm-v--Np-h- -Sbmfw sImv e`n-p-hm-\p-t-in-p ]ip-hns\ e`n-pXv A{]-Imcw Ion- sbbpw tmI-sbpw Inp-p.

45. D] XtZ-XXv t{]bx ]p{Xm-Xv, t{]tbm-hnmXv,

t{]tbm -f \y kvamXv kh-kvam, Z-c-Xcw b
Zb-ammx ktbm-\y-am-\x {]nbw {_phmWw
{_qbm-X v, {]nbw tcmy-X o-X n. Cuiztcml;
XssYh kymXv; Bm-\-tah {]nb-ap]mknX;
k b BX-vam-\-tah {]nb-ap-]m-kvtX, \ lmky
{]nbw {]am-bpIw `h-Xn.
Cu Bm-sh-Xv GtXm, CXv ]p{X-s\-m t{]b-

286

I m-Ip-p--{]n-b-X-c-am-Ip-p. hn-t-m--kzw,
cXv\w apX-em-b-Xn-s\-m {]nb-X-c-am- Ip-p. as- m-n- s\mfpw {]nb-X-c-am-Ip-p. Ghpw Dn-ep--Xm-Ip-p.
Btcm- tWm,--GXp {]mW-{]n- b- hmZn BtWm, Bm- h- m
asm-ns\ Bm-hn-s\-m {]nb-sap ]d-bp--h-t\mSv, ""\n\v A`n-a-X-amb ]p{Xm-Zn-cq- ]-amb hkvXp tcm[n-pw-{]mW kwtcm-[-\s {]m]n-pw--\- in-pw.'' Fv ]d-bp-Xv, Ah Cuiz-cX-s--A
- s\ ]d-bp--Xn\p aXnbm-b-hX-s. Ah ]d-X
- p-t]m-se-Xs kw`-hnpw. Bm-hn-s\- s {]nb-s av D]m-k n- -Ww.
As\ BcmtWm Bm-hn-s\-s {]nb-sav D]mkn-p--Xv, Chs {]nbw {]a-c-W-io-ea
- m-bn--\-in-p
kz`m-h-ap-Xmbn `hn-p-X-- .

46. D]-X
- Z- mlpxbZv {_-hn-Zybm kw `hnjy
tm a\p-jym-a-\ yt; Inap XZv {_m-th-Xv
bkvamXv XXv k-a-`-hXv? CXn.

bp Cu {_s "Rm\m-Ipp' Fp Iv, hma-tZh F Ejn "Rm a\p-hmbn; kqcy\pw Bbn' Fp

{]Xn-]-Zn-p-- km--`m-hs {]m]n-p-h-t{X. A-s\bp Cu {_-s, "Cm-epw Rm {_-am-Ip-p.'
Fn-s\ B Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah CXp Fm-am-bno-cpw. Ahs {_-`mh {]m]vXn-tbbpw k `mh-{]m]vXn-tbbpw Cm-Xm-p--Xn\v tZh-mt]m-epw, C, Cuicm-I-bn-. Fs-m, Ah--{_--hn-v-Cu tZh-mcpsS Bm-hm-bn-o-cp-p. ]ns BcmtWm "Ah
thtd-bm-Ipp; Rm thtd-bm-Ipp' Fp hnNm-cn-v,
Xn\np thtd-bmb Hcp tZh-Xsb D]m-kn-p--Xv,
Ah Xzs Adn-bp-n-. Ah tZh-mv ]kp
F-s\tbm A-s\-bm-Ip-p. GXp {]Im-c-n-emtWm
hfsc ]iq- a\p-jys\ ]men-p--Xv, C{]-Imcw AhnZzm- \mb Hmtcm ]pcp- j-\pw tZh-msc ]men-p- p. Hcp ]ipXs FSp- - s-Sp-tm A{]nbw Dm-Ip-p. hfsc ]ip FSp- - s-Sp- tm, D A{]nbw ]d-tb- Wtam? AXn\m a\p-jy CXn-s\-Cu {_m--X-Xzs Adn-bp-Xv, Cu tZh-mv {]nb-Ica-.

AXn- s\ ASp hmIy-mtZym-Xn-n-p- -Xn-s\- -]d-bpp: \nc-Xn-i-b-amb t{ib-ns\ {]m]n-p-hm-\n-np {_m-W ]d-bpp ""a\p-jy {_-hn-Zy-sImv
48. D] {_hm CZ-a{K Bko-tZ-Ita-h, X hy`Xp Fm-am-bn- o-cm- sav hnNm-cn- pp Fp- Xv
h-X Xvtd-tbm-cq-]-a-Xy-kr-P-X
- -vdw, bmt\yGtXm, AXns\ kw_-np \mw tNmZn-pp GXns
X m\ n tZh- { X m- - vdm- W ot{ m hc pW x,
m\-m AXv-B {_w Fm-am-bn-op-thm,
tkmtam-cp{Zx ]P-t\ym-btam arXyp-co-im\ CXn.
As\bp Fn- s\- bm- Wv, B {_w Adn- Xv?'' F
v.

47. D] {_ hm CZ-a{K BkoXv; XZm- m-\ta

hm thZlw {_m-kvaoXn; XkvamXv XXv k
a`-hXv; XtZym tbm tZhm\mw {]Xy-_p-[y-X, k
Gh-X-Z-`-hXv; XYjoWmw; XYm a\p-jymWmw
Xss-XXv ]iy-r-jnhm-a-tZhx {]Xn-t]tZ flwa-\p-c-`hw kqcy-tXn; XZn-Za t]yXln, b
Ghw thZmlw {_m-kvao-Xn, k CZw khw
`h-Xn. Xky l \ tZhm \m`qXym CuitX;
Bm-tlyjmw k `h-X n. AY tbm -f \ymw
tZh- X m- a p- ] mk vtX - f t\ ymk m ht\ ym - f
lakvXo Xn, \ kthZ; bYm ]ip-tchw ktZhm-\mw, bYm l ssh _lhx]ithm a\pjyw
`qRvP yp, tc hta-s sII ]pcptjm tZhm
`q\n GI kvanth ]im-h m-Zo-b -amt\ -f
{]nbw `h-Xn. Inap_ lpjp? Xkvam tZjmwX {]nbw btZ-X--\pjym hnZypx
CXv Cu ico-c
- n nXn sNp--Xmbn {Kln-s-Sp-Xv appw--{]-Xn-t_m-[-n\p appw--{_-w-Xs
Bbn-cp-p. AXv-B {_w Xs-m-t, ""Rm {_am-Ipp'' Fv Adn-p. AXn-\m AXv k-hp-am-bnop. B hnj-b - n tZh- m-c psS Iq- n
BcmtWm {]Xn-t_m-[n-X
- v,--B-m-hns\ ta]-d--{]Imcw Adn--Xv, AhX-s- B {]Xn-_p--\mb Bmhv-- am{Xw AXm-bn-op. AXp-t]mse EjnI-fpsS Iqnepw; AXp-t]mse a\p-jy-cpsS Iq-n-epw. A-s\-

Xkv a m- X v - v d m- X v ] cw \mkv X n, Xkv a mZv

{_mWx {Xnb a[-k v X m-Zp-] mkvt X cmPkqtb; vd Gh-XZy timZ-[mXn sskjmvd kytbm-\n-cyZv {_. XkvamZv bZy]n
cm Pm ]c-a-X mw-K- -Xn, {_ss-hm-X D]\n
{ibXn kzmw tbm\nw. b D G\w ln\-kvXn,
kzmw k tbm\n-ar-Xn; k ]m]o-bm `h-Xn,
bYm-t{ibmw kwlnw knXzm.

BZyw CXv-Cu vdm- Zn-Pm- Xn-sbmw Hp- X- s-bmb

{_-wXs Bbn-cp-p. AXv B {_w H-b
v m-bn-cp-Xp-sImv hnZ-hn-n- i-am-bn-. AXv- B {_w
{]i-kX
v - cq-]amb vds vdnb PmXnsb AXnkr-n-p AXn-i-tb\ krn-p. tZh-m-cn vd-sfp {]kn---fmb C{; hcp-W, tkma, cp{Z,
]P-\y, ba, arXyp, Cuim-\ Fnh Fhtbm AhbmWv B vdw. AXn-\m--{_--m AXn-i-tb\
krn--s--Xn-\m, vd-s-m IqSn-bXv C.
AXn-\m cmP-kq-b
- n {_m-W Xmsg Ccp-psImv vdn-bs\ D]m-kn-p-p. vd-nXs
B bi-n-s\ {_m-sa-p Jym-Xnsb m]n-p-p.
{_-sap ]d-bp-Xv GtXm, AXv Cu {]{I-X-bmb
vd-ns tbm\n-X- s-bm-Ip-p. AXn-\m cmPmhv
]c-a-X-sb {_m-Ws\ At]-nv DIjs Kanpp Fnepw HSp-hn Iw Ah-km-\n-p-tm-Xs tbm-\n-bmb {_s Xs {_m-W-Pm-Xn-sb-B- {i-bn-p- p. BcmtWm Ch-s\- - {_m--Ws\ lnwkn-p-

287

I -Xv--Xmgvn hnNm-cn-p--Xp-hgn Ah Xs tbm\n-sb-Xs {]k-hs hnt-Zn-n- p-p--\-in-n-p-p. Ah

Iptd-qSn ]m]n-bm-bn-o-cp-p. {]i-kvX-X-c-\m-bn-p-hs\ lnwkn-nv GXp-{]-Im-c-amtWm ]m]n-bm-bn-o- cp-Xv
AXp-t]mse Ah ]m]n-bm-bn-o-cp-p.

49. D] k ss\h hy`- h Xv ; khn- i a krPX;

bmt\yXm \ntZh PmXm-Xn-K-W-i -B-Jym-b -t,
hkthm cp{Zm BZnXym hntiz-tZhm acpX CXn.
Ah, {_m-Wm-`n-am-\n-bmb ]pcp-j Fnpw
Iw sNp--Xn\p Ign-hp--h\
- m-bn-. Ah hnns\
(ssh-iy-sc) krn-p. GXp tZh-Pm-Xn-I-fmtWm hkp-
cp{Z-m BZn-Xy-m hntiz-tZ-h-m acp-p-I Fns\ Iqw-Iq--ambn ]d-b-s-Sp-Xv Ah-bmWv B hnpI.

50. D] k ss\h hy`-hXv; k iu{Zw h-akr

PX ]qj-Ww. Cbw ssh ]qjm. Cbw loZw
khw ]pjyXn bZnZw Inw N.
Ah Fnpw Iw sNp--Xn\p i-\m-bn-.
Ah ]qjm-hm-Ip ip{`-hs krjvSn-p. ]qjmshp ]d-bp-Xv Cu ]rYnhn BIp-p. Cu ]rYn-hn-bmWtm Cu PK-ns\ Fmw t]mjn-n- p--Xv.

51. D] k ss\h hy`-hXv; Xvt{itbm cq] aXykr- P - X - [ w; XtZ- X Xv {- k y{w

bx Xkvam-mev]cw \mkvXn; AtYm
A_-eo-bm- _enbmw kamiw ktX [tW
bYm-cm-sshw tbm ssh k [x kXyw
ssh XXv; XkvamXv kXyw hZ-am lqw
hZ-X oXn; [w hm hZw kXyw hZ-Xo-X n.
GX-ty-ssh-X-Zp-`bw `h-Xn.
Ah Fnpw Iw sNp--Xn\p i-\m-bn-.
AXp--{_w {]i-kvX-cq-]a
- mb [s AXn-i-tb\
krn-p. [-sap ]d-bp-Xp GtXm CXp {X- nsbpw {X-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m [t-m IqSn-bXmbn bmsXm-p-an-. Zp_e-X-c t]mepw, cmPm-hn-s\smp F{]-Im- ctam C{]- Imcw [w- sImp _e-h-cs\ Pbn-p-hm-\m-{K-ln-p-p. B [w GtXm AXv
kXy-am-I p- p. AXn-\m kXy-s--d-bp--h-s\- n
[sXXv ]d- b p- p. [s ]dp-b p- -h - s \- n
kXys ]d-bpp Fpw ]d-bp-p. Fs- m [hpw kXyhpw Hp-Xs BIp-p.

52. D] XtZ-XXv {_, {Xw, hnSv, iq{Zx XZ-nss\h tZthjp {_m-`-hXv; {_mtWm a\ptjyjp; {Xn-tbW -f {Xn-tbm, sshtiy\
sshiyx iqt{ZW iq{Zx Xkv am Zm- t hh
tZthjp temI-an-t; {_mtW a\p-tjyjp;
GXm`ymw ln cq]m`ymw {_m -f `h-X v. AY

tbm l hm Akvamtm ImXv kzwtem-I-a-Zrzm

ss{]Xn k G\ahnZntXm \ `q\- n, bYm
thZm hm f- -f \\p tm -f \yZzm Im -f
IrXw. bZnl hm A]yt\ hwhn--l-Xv]pWyw
I- I -tcm- X n, XmkymXx obX Gh.
Bm-\ -tah temI-ap]mkoX kb Bm-\ tah temI-ap-]m-kvtX, \ lmky I obtX. Akvam-tyhm f- f t\mbZypXv Ima-btX
XXv krP-tX.

B krn--s NmXphyw {_w, {Xw, hnSv,

ip{Z CXm-Ip-p. AXv B {km-hmb {_w An-bmbn-p-X-s- -A-n-cq-]-ns tZh-m-cpsS Iq-n
{_- am-bn- -{_m--W -Pm-Xn-bm-bn- op. a\p-jy-c n
{_m-W-\m-bn-op. C{m-Zy-[n-jT
v n-X-ambn {Xn-b-PmXn-bm-bn-op. ]qjm-[n-jvT n-X-ambn iq{Z-Pm-Xn-bm-bnop. AXn- \m tZh-m-cpsS Iq-n An-bns, An-tbmSp kw_-n Iw sNbvXnv temI-s,
I-^-e-s, Cn-p-p. a\p-jy-cpsS Iq-n {_mW-\n I^-es Cn-p-p. Fs-m kmmXv{_w Cu {_m-Wmn cq]--fn-em-Wtm Bbno-Xv. ]ns BcmtWm Bm-shp ]d-bp kzamb temIs Zin-msX Cu kmwkm-cn-I-amb temIn \nv {]K-an-p-thm, acn-p-pthm Ahs\, Adnb-sSm AXv-B kztem-Iw, A[y-b\w sN-s-Sm
thZ-tam, sN-s-Sm-sX-bp thsd Itam F{]-Imctam
A{]-Im-cw, `pPn-p-I-bn-. Cu kwkm-c-n C{]-Imcw
kz-tem-Is Adn-bm--h hfsc hen-b-Xm-bn-p
]pWy-Is sNp--Xm-bn-cp-mepw Ahs B
Iw HSp-hn bn-p-I-Xs sNp-p. kztem-Is- s D]m-kn--Ww. As\ BcmtWm kz- temIs D]m-kn-p--Xv, Ahs Iw bn--bn-.
GtX-Xns\ Iman-p- pthm AXm-Xns\ Cu Bm- hn\np-Xs krn-p-XmWv.

53. D] AtYm Abw hm Bm kthjm

`qXm\mw temIx, k bp-tlm-X n, bZy-P-tX
tX\ tZhm\mw temIx AY bZ-\p-{_qtX tX\
EjoWmw; AY bXv ]nXrt`ym \n]r-Wm-Xn, bXv
{] Pm- a n- - t X , tX\ ]nXr Wmw ; A Y b
\pjym hmk-b-tX, btZt`ym -f i\w ZZm-Xn,
tX\ a\p-j ymWmw; AY bXv ]ip- ` ykv X r
tWmZIw hn-Xn, tX\ ]iq\mw; bZ-ky-Krtl
jp izm]-Zm, hbmw-kym-IoS ]n]o-e n-Im`y D]Po-h-n, tX\ tXjmw temIx: bYm l ssh
kzmb temIm-bm-cn-n-an-t, tZhw sslhw hntZ
khmWn `qXm-\y-cn--an-n; XZzm GX ZznXnXw
aoamw-kn-X w.
Cu Bm-hv, {]Ir-X- \mb Ahn-Zzm Fm `qXpw, tZh-m apX ]n]o-en-I-I hsc-bp `qX-

288

I s-mw, temI-am-Ip-p. t`mKy-am-Ip-p. Ah tlman-

cn-p-p. Ah-\v, As\ hnNm-cn-p--h\v Irv\X

p- -tX- tXm, bPn-p--tX-tXm, AXp-sImv tZh-mp Xmsg--d-bp hn[-n Dm-Ip-p. Chv Bmhv a\temI-am-Ip-p. ]ns, kzm[ym-bs Ay-b-\w-sN-p-- p-X-s. Pmb hmm-Ip-p. {]P {]mW-\m-Ip-p. am\p-jtXtXm AXp-sImp Ejn-Ip temI-am-Ip-p. ]ns, amb hnw Np-m-Ip-p. Fs-m, Np-p-sXm]nXr-mbn ]nw DZIw apX-bXp sImSp-p--tX- m-Wtm AXn-s\, am\p-j-hn--amb tKmhp apX-em-btXm, {]Psb Cn-p--tXtXm AXp-sImv ]nXr- p Xns\ Adn-bp-Xv ssZh-amb hnw t{im{X-am-Ip-p.
temI-am-Ip-p. ]ns, a\p-jysc hkn-n-p--tX-tXm, Fs-m, t{im{Xw sImm-Wtm AXn-s\ ssZh-amAhv Ai-\s Zm\w sNp--tXtXm AXp-sImv b hn-amb hnm-\s {ihn-p--Xv. Chv Iw
a\p-jyv temI-am-Ip-p, ]ns, ]ip-v ]ppw Bm-hp-X-s, icocw Xs. Fs-m ico- cw-sIm-mshhpw e`n-n- p- Xp GtXm, AXp-sImv ]ip- p Wtm Is sNp--Xv. CXv ]mvX-am-b- -A-ptemI-am-Ip-p. Chs Krl--fn izm]-Z-fpw ]n- sImp \S-p b-am-Ip-p. tKmhp apX-em-bXv
- m-Ip-p. ]pcp-j ]mvX- \m-Ip-p. CXv, I- kmIfpw IoS-fpw ]n]o-en-I-Ifpw hsc-bp Pp-fpw D]- ]mvXa
Po-hn- pp Fp-- tXtXm AXp- sImv Ahp temI- [- \hpw ^ehpw GsX-mtam CsXmw ]mvX- am-Ip- p. C{]am-Ip-p. F{]-Im-c-amtWm Xs temI-n\v hn\m-i-an-m- Imcw B Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah-\-hs\ ]mvX-am-Ip
bvasb Cn-p--Xv, A{]-Im-cw, Fm `qX-fpw Xm b- am-bn- m-Wp--Xm-tcm, Ah Cu PK- ns\ Fmw
k`qX-pw t`mKy-\m-sWv hnNm-cn- p- -h\v Acn- Bm-sh \ne-bn {]m]n-p-XmWv.
n-sb--hn-\m- i-an-m-ba
v -sb-- C-n-p-p. CXv, ta]-d
I- Bhiyw sNt- - h-bm-sW-p-- Xv, hnZn-X-hpw, Amw {_mWw
]-a-lm-b--{]-Ic
- -W-n Adn-b-s-n-p--Xpw, Ah 55. D]-a
- -{- bXv k]vXm-m\n ta[bm X]
Zm\-{]-I-c-W-n hnNm-cW sN-s-n-p--Xp-am-W.v
km -f P\-b Xv ]nXm; GI- aky km[m-c Ww;

54. D]--B-s s-th-Z-a{K Ako-tZI Gh; tkm fIma-b-X, Pmbmta kymXv; AY {]Pm-tbb; AY
hnwta kymXv; AY I Iphob CXn
GXm-hm sshImax; t\w \mtXm`qtbm
hnt-Xv. Xkvam-Z-t]y-Xtly ImIo Ima-b -tX,
Pmbm ta kym ZY-{]-Pm-tb-b, hnw ta kym,
ZY-I-Ipho.-tb-Xn. k bmhZt]y-tXjm ta
ssIIw \ {]m]vt\m-\ y-I rv\ Gh Xmh- \ytX Xtkym Irv\Xm; a\ Ghmkym -f -f
m; hmKvPmbm; {]mWx {]Pm; Npm-\pjw
hnw; Np jm ln X ZzntX; t{im{Xw
ssZhw; t{imt{XW ln XrtWmXn; Bsshm-ky-I; B-\m-ln-IItcmXn; k Gj
]mvtXm-bx ]mvXx ]ipx ]mvXx ]pcpjx
]mvXanZw khw bZnZw InwNx XZnZw kham]vt\mXn, b Ghw thZ.

tZz tZhm-\ -` m-P -b Xv; {XoWym-t\ -f IpcpX;

]ip`y GIw {]mb-Xv; Xkvan kw {]XnjvTn-Xw, b {]mWnXn b \. IkvamZv Xm\n\n
obt -f Zyam-\m\n kZm? tbm ssh\ma-nXw thZ tkm -f an {]Xo-tI\; k
tZhm-\ -] nKXn; k Du-ap-] -Po-h-Xn. CXntmImx
]nXmhv k]vXm-- sf ta[-sIm-pw-- m-\w-s Impw, X]-p-sIm-pw--Iw-sIm-pw, P\n-np FXv
bpw- X-s. Ahsb shfn-s-Sp-p-hm t]mIp-p. Ahbn B A--fn Hns\ Cu PK-n\p s]mXp-hmbn-p--Xm-n. cv A-sf tZh-msc `Pn-n-p. tZhmp \In. aqv A- sf X\n-bvmbn Iev]n-p.
Hcp As ]ip-mbn \In. AXn B ]ipmbn \Inb A-n, {]mW\w sNp--Xpw,
{]mW- tN- -tbmSp IqSm- Xpw Fmw {]Xn-jvTn-X- am-bn-cn-pp. Ftmgpw AZn--s-Sp B A- Fp-sImmWv bn-m-Xn-cn-p-Xv? BcmtWm Cu A- b-n\p Imc-Ws Adn-b p- -X v, Ah {]m[m-t\y\
As AZn-p-p, Ah tZh-msc A]n-K-an-p-p- tZ-hm-- `m-hs {]m]n-p-p. Ah Du-s-- Aar-X- s- -D-]-Po-hn-p-p. Fv tmI---a-{- --]-dbp-p.

BZyw, Zmc-kw-_-- n\p apv CXv Bmhp am{Xw

Bbn-cp-p, Ah GI am{X-am-bn-cp-p. B Bmhv
Imanp: ""F\nv Pmb-bp-m-I-Ww, ]ns F\np {]P\n- Ww; ]ns F\np hn-ap- m-I -Ww, ]ns
F\np Iw sNWw'' Fv Imaw C{Xbpta Dq.
C, Cn-m-epw, CXn-t\-m IqSp-X-embn e`n-p-I-bn-.
AXp-sImv B hnZzm\pw Iman-bp-amb Bmhp app
Iman--Xp-s Imv Cm-epw GIm-In-bm-bn-p--h
56. D] ""bXv k]v X m- m- \ n- t a- [ bm X]km -f
"F\np Pmb-bp-m-IWw; ]ns F\np {]P-\n-Ww;
P\bXv ]ntX'' Xn-ta-[ bm ln X]km f- P\]ns F\np hn-ap-m-IWw; ]ns F\np Iw
bXv ]nXm. ""GI-aky km[m-cW anXn CZta
sN-Ww.' Fv Iman-p-p. Ah FXp-hsc Ch-bn,
hmky XXv km[m-c-W-a-w bZn-Z-a-ZytX; k fta]-d Pmbm-Zn-I-fn, Hmtcm-n-s\-tmepw {]m]n-mb GX-Zp-] mkv tX \ k ]m]va t\m hymh
Xn- cn-p- pthm AXp-hsc Xm AIr-v\-\m-sWv hnNm-

289

tX; an{kw tlyXXv ""tZztZ-hm-\-`m-Pb'' ZnXn-lpXw N {]lpXw N. XkvamZv tZtht`ym Pq

lzXn N {]NPq lzXn. AtYm BlqZi
]q- a mkm hnXn. Xkv a m- t - n- b m- P qIw
kymXv. ""]ip`y GIw {]mb'' ZnXn-X
- Xv ]bx.
Xtbm tly amt{K a\p-jym ]i-h-tm-]P
- ohn; XkvamXv Ipam-cw-PmXw JrXw sshhmt{K
{]Xn-telbn; kvX \w hm - f \p[m-] -b - n.
AY-hw PmXamlpc XrWmZ CXn. ""Xkvan
kw {]Xn-jvTnXw b {]mWnXn bt\'' Xn]-bkn lZw khw {]Xn-jvTnXw b {]mWnXn
b \. XZyZnZamlpx kwh-cw ]bkm PqlzZ] ]p\rXypw Pb-Xo-Xn, \ XYm h ZymXv;
bZ-l-tc-hq tlmXn, XZlx ]p\r-Xyp-a-]P-b-tXyhw hnZzm; kw ln tZtht`ym -f
mZyw {]b-X
- n. ""IkvamXv Xm\n \o-bt f Zyam- \ m\ n k ttZ X n ] pc ptj m hm
AnXnx klo-Z-aw [nbm [nbm P\-btX
In`nxN bss-X IcymXv otbX l
""tkm - f a n {] X otIt\ '' X n - a pJ w
{]XoIw; aptJ-t\-tXy-XXv ""ktZhm-\-]n-K-Xn;
k DuP-ap-]-Po-hXn Xn {]iw-km.
b-]vXm. ]nXm. Fp a{-n ]d-n-cn-p-Xns\ hymJym-\n-pp: ]nXmhv ta[-sImpw X]-psImpw BWtm P\n-n--Xv. ""GI-a-ky-km-[m-cWw''
F-Xns Aw ]d-bpp: GXmtWm Cu AZn-s-Sp--Xv, CXp-X-s- bm-Wv, Cu PK-n\v s]mXp-hmb B
Aw. BcmtWm Cu s]mXp-hmb As D]m-kn-pXv Ah ]m]vam-hn\nv \nhn--bn-. Fsm Cu Aw an{i-amIpp Ahn-`--am-Ip-p. tZz tZ
hm\-`m-P-bX F-Xn ]d cv A- lpXhpw
{]lp-X-hp- am-Ip- p. AXn- \m tZh- mmbn tlman- bpw
{]tlm-an-bpw sNp-p. ]ns tZh-mp sImSp
A- Zi-]qam-k--fm-sWv Nne ]d-bp-p.
AXn- \m Imay- - fmb Cn-I-sf-smp bPn- p ioeap--h\
- mbn Ccn--cp-Xv. ]ip-mbn Hcp As
\In Fp ]d-p-htm: AXp ]b-m-Ip-p. Fsm, a\p-jycpw ]ip-fpw BZyw ]b-n-s\-s D]Po- h n- p- p. AXn- \ m , P\n Ipam- c s\ BZyw
LrXss {]Xn-te-l\w sNn- bpw ]noSp
kvX\s ]m\w sNn-bpw sNp-p. ]ns P\n
hs {]mb-s-n ]pp XnpXpS-m--sXv ]d-bpp, ""bkvan khw.... b\'' F a{-]-Z-ns
hymJym-\ w-G -X mtWm {]mW\w sNp- Xv AXpw
GXmtWm {]mW\w sNm-Xv AXpw CsXmw ]b-nem-Wtm {]Xn-jT
v n-X- am-bn-cnpXv. AXn-\m ""Hcp kwhcw ]b- p- sImv tlman-p- sIm-n-cp-m, ]p\ar- Xyphns\ Pbn-p-p.'' Fn-s\ ]d-bp--Xns\ A{]-Imcw
[cncp-Xv. ]ns-tbm, GXp Znh-k-n-emtWm tlman-p-

Xv B Znh-kw-Xs C{]-Imcw Adn-bp--h ]p\arXyp-hns\ Pbn-p-p. Fs-m tZh-mmbn Fm

Am-Zy-tbpw As\ tlman-p--h \Ip-p.
Ftmgpw AZn--s-Sp B A- bn-m-Xv
Fp- sIm- m-sWp tNmZn- -Xn- \p-cw ]d- bpp: Aw
bn-m--Xn\p ImcWw ]pcp-j-\m-Ip-p. Fs- m
Ah-\mWv Cu As hopw hopw P\n-n-p--Xv.
""tbm ssh\m-a-nX thZ'' Fp ]d--Xn An-Xn-Aw bn-m- -Xn\p ImcWw ]pcp-j-\m-Ip-p. Fsm Ah-\mWv Cu As Atm-g- tm Dm-Ip
{]-sImpw I--sf-smpw P\n-n- p-- Xv. CXns\- Cu Atm-ev]m- Z-\s Ah sNm-Xn- cn-p- - ]w
Aw bn-pw. ""tkm f- a-n-{]-Xn-tI\'' Fp ]d- Xn {]XoIsaXv apJ-am-Ip- p. {]Xo- IwsImv FXns Aw apJw-sImv Fm-Wv. Ah tZh-msc
A]n-K- an-p-sapw Ah Aar-Xs D]-Po-hn-p-sapw
]d-Xv {]iw-k-bm-Ip-p.

57. D] ""{XoWym-t\ -f IcptX'' Xn, at\m, hmNw,

{]mWw, Xm\ym- t\ - f Icp- X . A\y{Xa\m
A`q-h w. \ml-a- Ziw; A\y- {X-a\m A`q-h w,
\ml- a - { iu- j - a n- X n. a\km tlyh ]iyXn;
a\ k m i r tW m- X n. Imax, k - e vt] m,
hnNnInm, {im -f {im, [rXn, c[r-Xn, ldo
o, `ocn-tXy-XXv khw a\ Gh. XkvamZ]n
]rjvTX D]-k v] rtm a\km hnPm\mXn bx
I i_vtZm-hm-tKh km. Gj ly-ambm;
Gjm lnX, {]mtWm -f ]mt\m, hym\, DZm\x,
kamt\m f- \ CtXy-XXv khw {]mW Gh.
GX-tbm hm Ab-am- m, hmMva tbm, at\mabx {]mW-abx
""{XoWym-t\ f- IcpX'' F-Xn, aq-- sf
Bm-hn-\mbn Iev]np Fp ]d-bp-Xv a\-n-t\-bpw,
hmn-\-bpw, {]mW-t\-bp-am-Ip-p. Ah-sb-B at\m-hmIv
{]mW-- sf--B-m-hn-\mbn ]nXmhp Iev]n-p. Rm asmn {]th-in a\-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\m-bn-cp-p: ""Rm
In'' Fp ]d-bm-dp-v. a\-p-sIm-p-X-s-bmWv
ImWp-Xv: a\-p-sIm-mWv tIp--Xv. Imaw--kv{Xokw-k-n-\p A`n-em-jw, k-e]
v w--A-dn-hns]-Sp
hnj-b-sf ip-\o-em-Zn-t`-tZ\ hnI-ev]n-, hnNn-In--kw-i-b-cq-]-amb m\w, {i--A-Zr--{]-tbm-P-\--fmb
I--fn-epw, tZh-Xm-Zn-I-fn-ep-ap BkvXn-Iy-_p-n--A{i---{i-bvp hn]- co- X-amb _pn, [rXw--[m-c-W-- i-cocw
apX-em-bXv Xf-cp-tm Xmn-\np-I, [rXn-bn-mbva
lvdo-e-, [o-{]-, `o- `-bw, Fn-s\ D-sXmw
a\-p-X-s--a -\-ns cq]-t`-Z- X-s . AXn-\ m
]nh-iv kv]in--s--h-\m-bn- cp- mepw a\-p-sImv
Adn-bp-p. GXp i_vZ-am-bn-cp-mepw AXp hmp-X-s.
Cu hmv A-s--A-\n-bs Bb--bm-bncn- p-p- -A-\p-K-an-p-- Xm-bn- cn-p- p. Cu hmv asm- n-

290

I \m {]Im-in-n--s-Sp--X-. {]mW, A]m-\, hym\,

DZm-\, kam-\, A\ Fn-sXmw {]mWX-s. Cu
Bm-hv--A-hn-th-In-I Bm-sh--`n-am-\np-, ImcyI-c-W-k-MvLm-X-cq-]-amb Cu ]nw Ch-bpsS B[n-Iyap-X
- m-Ip-p. hmMva-bhpw at\m-a-bhpw {]mW-a-b-hp-amIp-XmWv.

58. D] {Xtbm temIm X Gh. hmtK- h mbw

temtIm at\m--cn--temIx, {]mtWm f- sku
temIx
aqp temI---`q, `qh kz Fo aqp temI Ch-X-s-Cu hmMva\x {]mW- Xs. Cu
temIw hmp-X -s bmIpp. Cu temIw hmp-X sbmWv. a\v A-co--tem-I-am-Ip-XmWv. {]mW
At-tem-I-am-Ip-XmWv.

59. D] {Xtbm-thZm GX Gh; hmtK-htKztZm,

at\m bPqthZx, {]mWx kma-thZx
aqp thZ- Cu hmMva\x {]mW- X-s. hmpXs EtKz-Zw. a\v bPqth-Z-am-Ip-p. {]mW kmath-Z-am-Ip-p.

60. D]--tZhmx, ]nX-tcm, a\pjym GX Gh, hmtKh

tZh, \x ]nXcx {]mtWm a\pjymx
tZh-mcpw ]nXr-fpw a\p-jycpw Cu hmMva\x {]mW Xs. hmp-Xs tZh-m. a\p ]nXr--fm-Ipp. {]mW a\p-jy-\m-Ip-p.

61. D] ]nXm, amXm, {]ssPX Gh: a\ Gh ]nXm,

hmMvam-X m, {]mWx{]Pm
]nXmhpw amXmhpw {]Pbpw Cu hmMva\x {]mW-Xs. a\-p-Xs ]nXm-hv. hmp amXm-hm-Ip-p. {]mW
{]P-bm-Ip-p.

62. D] hnm- \ w, hnPn- m-k y, ahn- mX

taX Gh; bXv Inw N hnmXw hmN-kvX{Zq
]w; hmKvL n-hn-m-X m, hmtK\w XZv` qXzm -f
h-X n.

-s-Sp--Xm-Ip-p. a\v B Adn-bp-hm-\n-n--s-Sp

hkvXp-hm-bn-ov B at\m-hn-`q-Xnsb Adn-bp--hs\
cn-p-p.

64. D] bXv InwNm hnmXw {]mWky X{Zq]w;

{]mtWmly hnmXx: {]mW G\w XXv `qXm
-f hXn.
GsX-m-amtWm Adn-b-s-Sm--Xm-bn-cn-p-Xv Ah
{]mWs cq]-am-Ip-p. Fs- m {]mW Adn-b-s-Sm-Xm-Ip-p. {]mW B Ahn-m-X-am-bn-ov Chs\, Cu {]mW-hn-`q-Xnsb Adn-bp--h-s\, cn-p-p.

65. D ] X s s k y hmN x ] r Y nho i c o- c w ,

tPymXoc q] - a - b - a nx; XZym- h - t X yh hmIv
XmhXo ]rYnho; Xmhm \b-anx.
B hmn\v icocw ]rYn-hn-bm- Ip- p. {]Im-im--I-amb
ImcWw ]mn-h-amb An-bm-Ip-p. AXn hmv
F{X-tm-f-aptm ]rYn-hnbpw A{X-tmfw Xs- bp-v.
Cu ]mn- hm-nbpw A{X- tm-f-ap-v.

66. D]-A
- -ssY-Xky a\tkm Zyu; icocw; tPymXo
cq- ] - a -k m-h m- Z nXpx XZym- h -t Zh a\- k v X m- h Xo
Zyux; Xmam-\ -k m-h m-ZnXyx Xu anYp\w kssa
Xmw; XXx{]mtWm -f Pm bX: k C{x; k
Gtjm -f k]Xv\x; ZznXo tbm ssh k]Xvt\
`h-Xn. \mky-k-]Xvt\m `hXn b Ghw thZ.
]ns Cu a\-ns icocw tZymhm-Ip-p. {]Im-im- I-amb IcWw B BZn-Xy-\m-Ip-p. AXn a\v F{Xtm-f-ap-tm, tZymhpw A{X-tm-fw-X-s-bp-v. B
BZnXy\pw A{Xtmf-ap-v. Ah--A-ym-Zn-Xy- m-cm-Ip
hmpw a\pw anYp-\-s- -]-c-k]
v -c-kw-ks {]m]np. AXn\nv {]mW Dm-bn. Ah--B {]mW
C{-\m-Ip-p, ]c-ta-iz-c-\m-Ip-p. Ch Ak-]-Xv\-am-Ipp--F-Xn-cmbn Bcpw Cm--h BIp-p. k]-Xv\
cm-a-sXm-cp--\m-W-tm. BcmtWm C{]-Imcw Adn-bpXv Chv k]-Xv\-- F- Xn-cmfn Dm-I-bn-.

67. D] AssY- X ky {]mWkym -f f ]x icocw;

tPymXo cq]a ku N{x; XZym-am-t\-h-{]mW
Adn-bs
- -Sp--Xpw, Adn-bp-hm-\n-n--s-Sp-Xpw AdnkvXmhXy B]x; Xmhm\ ku N{x; X GtX
b- s- Sm--Xpw, Ch- X-s Cu at\m- hm- I{v ]m- W-X-s.
k Gh kamx; kt -f \mx. k tbm
GsX- m-am-tWm, Adn-b-s--Xm-bn-c n-p-Xv AsXmw
s s l X m- \ hX D ] mk vtX - f h w
hmns cq]-am-Ip-p. Fs-m hmv Adn-b-s--XmktemIw Pb-X n. AY tbm sslXm-\ - - \ pIp-p. hmv B Adn-b-s hkvXp-hm-bn-ov, Ch-s\]mkvtX -f \w ktemIw Pb-Xn.
Cu hmKzn-`q-Xnsb Adn-bp--hs\ cn-p-p.
]ns, Cu {]Ir-X-amb {]mPm-]X
- y--amb {]mW\v
icocw Ap-I-fm-Ip-p. tZymXn-cq-]-amb IcWw B N{\m-Ip-p. AXn, {]mW F{X ]cn-am-W-ap-X
- m-Ippthm Ap-Ifpw A{Xbpw ]cn-am-W-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-bmGsX-m-amtWm Adn-bp-hm Cn--s- Sp-Xv AXv a\- Ip-p. B N{\pw A{Xbpw ]cn-am-W-tmSp IqSn-b-Xmns cq]-am-Ip-p. Fs- m a\v Adn-bp-hm Cn- Ip-p. Ch Fmw ka--fm-Ip-p. Fmw A\---fm-

63. D] bXv InwN hnPn-mkyw a\-k -k vX {Zq

]w at\mln hnPn-mkyw; a\ G\w XZv`q
Xzm f- h-X n.

291

I Ip-p. BcmtWm Chsb Aap--h-bmbn D]m-kn-p-Xv, Ah A-ap temIs Pbn-p-p. ]ns

BcmtWm Chsb A\-- -fmbn D]m-kn-p--Xv, Ah
A\--amb temIs Pbn-p-p.

68. D]-k Gj kwh-cx {]Pm-]Xnx tjmUi

Iex, Xky cm{Xb Gh ]-Zi
- -Iemx; {[pssh
hmky tjmU-i o-I em; k cm{Xn-`n-tchm f- f N
]qcytX f- ] N ob-tX. tkm f- amhmkymw
cm{Xn taXbm tjmUiym Iebm k-anZw
{]mW-` r-Z\p {]hniy XXx {]mX PmbtXy
Xkvam tZXmw cm{Xnw {]mW-`rXx {]mWw \ hnnym-Z]n IrIemk ssk Xkym Gh tZh-Xmbm
A]- N n-s sXy.

temIx tZhtemtIm ssh tem Im\mw t{ijvTx;

Xkvam-ZznZymw {]iw-k
- n.

a\p-jy-tem-Iw, ]nXr-tem-Iw, tZh-temIw Fv temI aqp- X- s. Cu a\p- jy- temIw ]p{X- s\- sm-p- Xs
Pbn- -s-tS- - Xm-Ip- p, km[n- - s- tS-- Xm- Ip-p. asmp-sIm-pw, AXm-bXp Iw sImtm hnZy-sIm-tm,
Pbn--s-Sm-hp--X-. ]nXr-temIw Iw-sImp Pbn-s-tS-- Xm-Ip-p. tZh-temIw hnZy-sImp Pbn--s-tS- Xm-W.v temI--fn hv t{ijvT- am-bn-p-Xv tZh-temI-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m hnZysb {]iw-kn-p-p.

71. D]- - A - Y mXx kw{]nx- bZm ss{]jy

a\ ytX - f Y ] p{X - a ml X zw {_ , X zw
bmkvXzw temI CXn. k ]p{Xx {]Xym-lm,
A-s\bp Cu {]Pm- ]Xn ]Xn-\mdp Ie- -tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb
lw {_m, lw btm f- lw temI CXn
kwh--c-am-Ip-p. Ahs ]Xn-\p Ie-I cm{Xn-I
bssZz Inw Nm\qw, Xky kky {_tXs BIp-p. Cu kwh--cm--I-\mb {]Pm]-Xn-bpsS
tXy-I-Xm. tb ssh tIN bm, kvtXjmw
]Xn-\m-dm-as Ie \nXy-X-s-bm-Ip-p. Ah cm{Xn-Ikthjmw b CtXy IXm; tb ssh tI
sf-smp Xs B]q- \m-hp-Ibpw bn-p-t]m- Ibpw
N temIm, kvtXjmw kthjmw temI-Ct- XysNp-p. Ah--Im-em-m-hmb B {]Pm-]Xn Idp
IXm; GXm-hZzm CZw khw; GXm khw
hmhp-m cm{Xnbn Cu {]mWn-h-I-Isf Fmw A\pk-b-antXm f- `p\-P -Zn-Xn. XkvamXv ]p{X-a\p{]-th-in-n-v, A\-cw ASp Znhkw cmhnse P\n-pinw temIy-amlpx; Xkvam-tZ\ a\p imk-Xn.
p. AXn-\m, Cu cm{Xn-bn, Cu tkma-tZ- h-X- bp- sS-Xs
k b ssZhw hnZ-kvam-tm-ImXv ss{]XyssY-`n]qP-bvmbn {]mWn-bp-sS-- Hcp {]mWn-bp-sSbpw Hmns
tch {]mssWx kl ]p{X-am-hn-i-Xn. AY bZyt]mepw--{]m-Ws\ hnt-Zn--cp-Xv--\-in-n--cp-Xv.
t\-\ -I nw-N n-Z-v W bm -f IrXw `h-X n, XkvamtZ\w kh-kvamXv ]pt{Xm-ap- Xn; Xkva mXv
69. D]-tbm ssh k kwh-cx {]Pm-]Xnx tjm
]pt{Xm \ma kx. ]pt{X-ssW-hm-kvan temI
U i - I te m - f btah k tbm - f bta hw
{]XnXn-jvT-Xn, AssY\ tatX ssZhmx {]mWm
hnXv] pcpjx; Xky hn-tah ]-Z-i -I emx
AarXm Bhn-i-n.
Bss hmky- t jm- U io Iem; k hnt
ss\hm -ff N ]qcytX f- ] N nb-tX. XtZ
CXn-\p-ta k{n F Iw ]d-bs
- -Sp-p.
X`yw bZ-b amm; {][nnw; Xkvam-Zy- Ftm- gmtWm acn-p- hm t]mIp--h-\mbn hnNm- cn-p- Xv
Zy]n k-Pym\nw Pob-X, B\m tN oh- Atm ]p{X-t\mSv ]d-bp-p ""\o {_-amWv; \o bXn, {][n\m -f KmZn tXyhm -ff lpx
amWv \o temI-amWv'' Fv. B ]p{X Dcw ]d-bp-p
]Xn-\mdp Ie- I-tfm- Sp-Iq-Snb B kwh--c- am- Ip {]Pm]Xn BcmtWm Ah ChX-s-bm-Wv, C{]-Imcw Adnbp Cu ]pcp-j Btcm Ah, Ahv ]Xn-\p IeI hnw-X-s-bm-Ip-p. Ahv ]Xn-\m-dm-as Ie
ico- cw Xs. Ah hnw-sIm-p- Xs B]q-\m-hpIbpw bnp t]mIbpw sNp-p. Cu ico-cs
- a-Xp
GtXm CXv \m`n- bpsS m\- p--Xm-Ip- p. tKm apXem-bXp cY-N-{I-ns t\an-bpsS m\-p-X
- m-Wv.
AXn-\m Fmw bn-mepw, ico-cw-sImp Pohn-p
]w ""_mly-amb ]cn-hmcw sImt oWn-n-pq''
Fp ]d-bp-p.

70. D]-A
- -Y, {Xtbm hmh temIm, a\pjy-temIx,
]nXr- t emIm tZh- t emIm CXn. tkm - f bw
a\pjy temIx ]p{X-s sW-h -P -tm, \mt\y\
IWm; IWm ]nXr-tem-Im, hnZy-bm-tZ-h-

""Rm {_-am-Wv. Rm b-amWvb Rm temI-amWv'' Fv. A[y-b\w Fs-m-amtWm AXn\v Fmn\pw {_-sa-p ]Z-n GIXzw hnh-n--sn-cn-p-p. b- Fh-sb-m-amtWm Ah-b-s-mn\pw b-sa-p ]Z-n GIXzw hnh-n--sn-cn-p-p. temI- Fh-sb-m-amtWm Ah-bvsmw
temIw Fp ]Z-n GIXzw hnh-n--s-n-cn-pp. ""CsX-mw-- Kr-l- sNt--sXmw C{X-tmfw
am{Xta Dq. Cu ]p{X CsX-m-am-bnv Fs Cu temIn \nv ]menpw'' FmWv ]nXm-hns A`n-{]m-bw.
AXn-\m A\p-im-kn--s-n-p ]p{Xs\ temIy-s\v
]d-bp-p. AXn-\m Chs\ ]p{Xs\ A\p-im-kn-p-p.
C{]-Imcw Adn-bp--k
- w-{]-nsb sNbvXn-p Ah-]n-Xmhv Ftm Cu temI-n\nv Kan-p-p-thm,
acn-p-p-thm, Atm CtX-{]m-W- -tem-Sp-Iq-sS-s
]p{Xs\ Bth-in-p-p. Ch-\m Fs-nepw Hcp aqe-

292

I bn D Hcp sNdnb ]gp-tXm-f-sa-nepw AIr-X-am-bn--

s tNn-cn-p-p. Ah-s\--{]-P-m-]-Xy-amb ]Z-n

hn- p B {Xymm- -Zinsb ]pWyw am{Xta {]m]n-bpp; tZh-msc ]m]w- -]m-]-^- ea
- mb ZpxJw {]m]n-bn--X-s.

sN--s-Sm--Xmbn Dm-bn-cp-m, AXn\m Fmnepw \nv Ch-s\-Cu ]nXm-hns\ B ]p{X tamNn-np-p. AXn-\m BWv ]p{X Fp t]cp-- h-\m-bn-cnp--Xv. Ah ]p{X-s\-smp Xs Cu temI-n
75. D]- -A -Y mtXm {hX- ao- amw-k m- -{ ]-P m-] -X nln
{]Xn-jvTsb {]m]n-p-p. A\-- cw-- kw-{]-n-p-tijw
ImWn k krtP; Xm\n krm-\yt\ymt\y
Cu ]nXm-hns\ ac-W-kz-`m-ha- n-m, tZh-kw-_-n-If
- m\m - f kv] . hZn- j ymtay hml- a nX n
b--ln-c-Wy-K`s\ kw_- n--Cu {]mW- Bth-inhmKvZt{[ ; {Z ymay l - a nX n N px;
p-p.

72. D]- -] r-Y nsshy ssN\-a- t ssZho hmKm

hni-Xn. km ssh ssZho-hm-Kv, bbm bZy-tZh
hZ-Xn, XXv XXv `h-Xn.
]rYn-hn-bn \npw An-bn\npw ssZhn-bmb
hmv Ch-s\--kpw{]-nsb sNbvXn-cn-p--h-s\-- B-thin-p-p. GXp hmp-sImv ]d-bp--sXmw A-s\Xs `hn-p-pthm B hmmWv ssZhn-bm-bn-p--Xv.

73. D] Znh-ss-\ -am-Zn-X ym ssZhw a\ Bhn

iXn; XssZz ssZhw at\m, tb\m f- f \tyh
`h-XytYm \ timN-Xn.
tZymhn\npw BZn-Xy-\n\npw ssZh-amb a\v
Ahs\ Bth-in-p-p. GXp a\-p-sIm- mtWm B\-ap-h
- Xs Bbn-cn-p-Ibpw timNn-m-Xn-cn-bpw
sNp-Xp AXp-X-s-bmWv ssZh-amb a\-.v

t{imjymay lanXn t{im{Xw; Gh- a - \ ym\n

ImWn bYm-I Xm\n arXypx {itam `qtXzm]-tbta; Xm\ym]vt\mXv; Xm\ym]vXzm arXyp-hmcp- . Xkv a m- v d may tXyh- h mIv ; {ima- y Xn
Npx; {imayXn t{im{Xw. AtY-a-tah \m -f-f
]v t \m, tZym - f bw a[ yax {] mWx. Xm\n
mXpw c{[n-tc. Abw ssh \x t{i, jvtTm,
bx k-cw-mkcwm \ hyY tX f- tYm
\cn-j y-X n. lm-s skyh kt-c q-] -a- ` -h .
Xkvam-tZX GtX\m f- -f Jymbt {]mWm CXn.
tX\ l hmh X Ipem-am-N--tX, bkvan
Ipte- `-hXn b Ghw thZ. b D sslhw hnZm
kv]tX f- \p ipjyXn; A\p-ipjy sslh
-f tXm-{an-b-tX. CXy-[ym-w.

A\-cw {hX-ao-amwk ]d-b-s-Sp-p--{]-Pm-]-Xn, {]PI-f psS {kmhv I- - s f-h m- K m- Zn- I - f mb I74. D] AZv`y-ss\w N{-a-k ssZhx {]mW p Ic-W--sf--kr-n-p. krn--s Ah
Bhn-i-Xn. k sshssZhx {]mtWm, bx kcw Xn kv]n-p--a--cn-p. ""Rm hZn-p-I-Xs
mk-cw \ hyYtX -f tYm \ cnjy-Xn. sNpw'' Fv hmv {hXw ]nSn-p. ""Rm Zinpw''
k Ghw-hnXv kthjmw `qXm-\m-amm `hXn; Fp Npp hmin ]nSn-p. ""Rm {ihnpw'' Fp
b Ghw-hnXv kthjmw `qXm-\m-amm `hXn; t{im{Xw {hXw [cn-p. Cs\ ap I- fpw AXm- Xns
b ss Y j m tZh- s s X hw k x. bs s YX mw I-n-\-\p-k-cnp {hXw ]nSn-p. Ahsb arXyp {ia-amtZhX mw k hmW n ` qX m- \ y- h - t yhw bn-op D]-b-an-p, kw{K-ln-p. B hmKm-Zn-Isf arXyp
sslhwhnZw khmWn `qXm-\y-h-n. bZp-Inw- {]m]n-p. Ahsb {]m]n-nv arXyp Ah-tcm-[n-p. Ahsb
tNamx {]Pmx timN- y- s sahm -f f kmw XZv kz I--fn \np sXn-p. AXn-\m, hmv Xf-cp-I`hXn ]pWytahmapw K-Xn. \ l ssh tZhm Xs sNp- p- kz I- - f n\np sXpp.
Nppw Xf-cp-p. t{im{Xhpw {im-am-bn-o-cp-p.
]m]w K-Xn.
Fm, Cu a[y-a-\mb {]mW GtXm Chs\ am{Xw
Ap-I-fn\npw N{-a-\ -n\npw ssZh-amb arXyp {]m]n-n-. B hmKm-Zn-I-fmb ap Ic-W- Adn{]mW Chs\ Bth- in- p- p. GXp {]mW- \mtWm k- bp- -Xn-\v--apJy {]mWs\ Adn-bp--Xn\v a\-p-h -p.
cn-p-- Xm- bmepw k-cn-m-Xn-cn-p--Xm-bmepw hyYn-m- ""BcmtWm k-cn-p--h\
- m-bmepw k-cn-m-Xn-cn-pXn-cn-bpw hn\m-is {]m]n-m-Xn-cn-bpw sNp--Xv, -h-\m-bmepw hyYn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw \in-m-Xn-cn-pAXmWv ssZh- amb {]mW. B {Xymm-- Zi- \s Adn- Ibpw sNp--Xv, A-s\-bp Cu apJy {]mW Xsbp-h--h Fm `qX--fp-sSbpw Bm-hm-bn-o-cp-p. bmWv \-fpsS Iq-n t{ijvT. Ctm \
Cu lnc-Wy-K`-tZ-h X GXp-{]-Im-c -tam, Ah-\ pw-B Chs cq]w Xs Bbn-o-c-Ww.'' Cs\ \n-bn-n{Xymm- -Zi-\ -th-Zn-b pw- -C -{]-ImcwXs. F{]-I m-c- v, Ah Fmw, hmKm-Zn-I Fmw Cu apJy-{]m-Ws
amtWm Cu lnc- Wy- K`- tZ-h-Xsb Fm `qX- epw Ah\w Xs cq]w Bbn-op. AXn-\m, Cu hmKm- Zn-I Cu
sNp--Xv- -]m-en-p--X v--]q-Pn-p--Xv, C{]-Imcw Cu {]mW-s\-sIm-v, {]mW- Fv A`n-[m\w sN-s-Sp{Xymm--Zis Adn-bp--h-t\bpw Fm `qX-fpw p. BcmtWm C{]-Imcw Adn-bp--Xv, Ah, B hnZzm,
]qPn-p-p. Cu {]P-I Fn-s\--n-bmtWm timNn-p- GXp Ipe-n P\n-n-cn- p-pthm B Ipes Ahs\
-Xp, AXv--tim-Im-Zn-\n-an--amb ZpxJw Ch-cpsS IqsS- sImp-Xs Bfp-I ]d-bp-p. BcmtWm C{]-Imcw

293

I Adn-bp--h-t\mSv kv]n-p-Xv Ah timjs {]m]n-

ym-Zn-Ifpw hmKm-Zn-Ifpw Am-ev GXv hmbp-{h-Xp-p. A\p-tim-jn-n-p- Xs HSp- hn acn-p-p. Cs\ tbpw {]mW-{h-X-t-bp-amtWm [cn-Xv CXn-s\-s
Ctmgpw sNp-p. AXn-\m Hcp {hX-s- s A\pB[ym-- amb {]mWm-- Zi\w ]d-b-s-p.
jvTn-- Ww. {]mWn-- bpw- -{]m-W- \-hym-]m-cs sNbvI-bpw76. D]- - A -Y m\n ssZh-X w- - P z- e njym tayhm-l an
-A-]m- \n-bpw sNWw. ""]m]vam-hmb arXyp Fs {]m]nXynZt{[; \]vkym-ay-l-an-Xym-Zn-tXym, `mkym
-cptX!'' Fp `b-sv B Hcp {hX-s--s, {]mWayl-anXn N{amx Gh-a\ym tZhXm bYmssZ
{h-Xs Xs A\p-jT
v n--Ww. A\p-jT
v n-p-Xp-S-p-I-bmhXw. k bssYjmw {]mWm\mw a[yax {]W,
sW-n kam-]n-p-hm Cn--Ww. B {hXm-\p-jvTm-\wGh-taXm \mw tZh-Xm\mw hmbpx. tmNn
sIm-v, Cu tZh-X-bp-sS-Cu {]mW-tZ-h-X-bpsS kmbq-Pyly\ym tZh-X m, \ hmbpx sskjm -f \kvX t-t bm-- G-Im--`m- ht- -t bm, kam-\-tem-IX
- z-ttbm
anXm tZhXm bZzmbpx,
{]m]n-p-p.
A\-cw tZh-Xm-hn-j- b-amb Zi\w ]d- bpp:- ""Rm
Pzen-p-sIm-p-Xs Ccnpw'' Fv, An {hXw ]nSn- Bdmw {_m- W w
p. ""Rm X]npw'' Fp BZn-Xy-\pw, ""Rm {]Im79. D] {Xbw hm CZw, \ma, cq]w, I; tXjmw
inpw'' Fp N{\pw {]Imcw AXmXp tZh-X-Ip
\mav\ mw hmKntXy-X -t Z-j m-apIvY w; AtXmln
X-hw hnZypp apX-emb ap tZh-X-Ifpw hmin-]n-SnkhmWn \mam-\yp-n-jvTn; GX-tZ-jmw-kma;
p. Cu hmKm-Zn-If
- mb {]mW--fpsS Iq-n B a[y-aGX- n- k sshm- a `nx kaw; GX- t Zjmw
\mb {]mW F{]-Im-ctam C{]-Im-c-am-Wv, Cu AymZn
{_; GXn khmWn \mam\n _n`n.
tZh-X-I-fpsS Iq-n hmbp Fs-m ap-tZ-hI
-
CsXmw \maw, cq]w, Iw Fv aqp-X-s. AhAkvXs {]m]n-p-p. hmbp AkvXs {]m]n-p-nbn
Cu \ma-hn-ti-j-v hmv Fp i_vZ-km-am. hmbp F-tXtXm B tZhX AkvX-an-m--Xm-Ip-p.
\y-amWv D]m-Zm-\-Im-c-Ww. CXn \nm-Wtm Fm \ma77. D] AssYj tmtIm `h-Xn
fpw Dm\w sNp--Xv Dm-Ip--Xv. CXv Cu hmv
C\n Cu tmIw Dv.
Fp-Xv Cu \ma-hn-ti-j--fpsS kma-am-Ip-p-- km-am\y-am-Ip-p. Cu i_vZ-km-am-\yw Fm \ma--tfmSpw katm bX-tm-tZXn kqcyx AkvXw b{X
N KXn am-Ip-p. Cu i_vZ-km-am\yw Cu \ma-hn-ti-j--fpsS
{_- am- Ip- p Bm- hm- Ip-p. Fs- m CXv Fm \maXw tZhm--{Intc [w; k
GhmZy k D izx CXn. -tfbpw `cn-p-p.
bmsXmcp hmbp-hn\np {]mW-\n\nv kqcy 80. D] AY cq]m-W mw- - N - p- c n- tXy-X -t Z-j map
IvYw; AtXmln khmWncq]m-Wyp-n-jvT-n.
Npv DZn-bpw bmsXmcp hmbn-hn, {]mW-\n,
GX- tZjmw kma; GXn kssh cqss]x
AkvXs {]m]n-bpw sNp-pthm B [- s B
kaw; GX-t Zjmw {_; GXn khmWn
hmbp-{h-X-s, {]mW-{h-X-s, tZh-m Aym-Zn-I,
cq]mWn _n`n.
hmKm-Zn-I sNbvXp. B [w-Xs Cpw tZh- m-cm
A\p- hn- - s- Sp-p. AXp- Xs \msfbpw A\p-hnC\n cq] hnti-j- p cq]-km-am-\y- n A`m-s-Spw.
hs ]d-bpp: Cu cq]-p Np-s-p cq]78. D] ""bX-tm-tZXn kqtcym -f kvXw b{X N km-am-\y-amWv D]m-Zm-\-Im-c-Ww. Fs-m, CXn\nK Xn'' CXn. {]mWmZzm Gj DtZ-Xn; {]mtW - mWv Fm cq]-epw Dm-Ip--Xv. CXv Cu cq]-kmf kv X taXn. Xw tZhm- - { Intc [w k am\yw Cu cq]-hn-ti-j-fpsS kma- am-Ip- p. Fs-m
GhmZy k D izx. CXn bZzm GtX -f aply- CXv Fm cq]--tfmSpw ka-am-Ip-p. Cu cq]-km-am\yw
{[o-b-, XtZhm-]yZy Iph-n. Xkvam-tZ-I-tah Cu cq]-hn-ti-j--fpsS {_-am-Ip-p--B-m-hm-Ip-p.
{hXw NtcXv; {]mWym-ss-hm-]m-\ym; t\m Fs-m CXv Fm cq]--tfbpw `cn-p-p.

]m]vamarXyp cm]v\p hZn-Xn. bZyp Ntc-Xv, XXv

kam]n]- b n- t j- X v . tXt\m GXssky tZhXmssb kmbqPyw ktem-IXmw Pb-Xn.
""bX-tm........-Xn'' F-Xns\ Npcp--n hymJym\n-p-p-Cu kqcy {]mW-\n \nmWv DZn-p--Xv.
{]mW-\n-emWv AkvXs {]m]n-p--Xv. ""Xw tZhmizx''
F-Xns Asasp ]d-bp-p-Cu tZh-m--A-

81. D]- - A Y Im- W mw- - B - t - t XyX tZjmapIvYw; AtXmln kwWn Im-Wyp-n-jvTn. GX-tZjmw kma; GXn k sshx I`nx
kaw. GX-t Zjmw {_; GXn khmWn
ImWn _n`n, XtZ-X-{bw ktZI abam-m. Btm GIx kt-XXv {Xbw XtZX-ZarXw ktXy\ w. {]mtWm hm AarXw; \ma-

294

cqt] kXyw; Xm`ym-abw {]mWivOx

cmPm-hpw--Zo]vXn KptWm-t]-X-\pw, Fp hnti-j--tfmSp-IqSn Rm Chs\ D]m-kn-pp'' Fv. ""BcmtWm

C\n I- hn-ti-j - p I kmam-\y- n
Chs\ C{]-Imcw D]m-kn-p--Xv, Ah AXn-jT
v -\m-bpw,
A`m-hs ]d-bpp: Cu I-hn-ti-j
- v
Fm `qX--fp-sSbpw aqm-hmbpw cmPm-hmbpw `hn-pBmhv Fp ]d-bp I-km-am-\y-amWv D]m-Zm-\-Im-cp.''
Ww. Fs- m CXn\n-mWv Fm I-fpw DmIp--Xv. Cu I-km-am-\y-amWv Cu I-hn-ti-j--fpsS 3. D] k tlmhmN KmtKym, b Ghmku Nt{
kmaw. Fs-m CXv Fm I-hn-ti-j-tfmSpw ka]pcp-j, GX-ta-hmlw {_tm-] mk CXn. k
am-Ip-p. Cu I-km-am\yw Cu I-hn-ti-j--fpsS
tlm hmNm-Pm-Xi
- -{Xp, m, ssaX-kvan kwhn{_-am-Ip-p--B-m-hm-Ip-p. Fs-m CXv Fm
ZnjvTmx; _rl, ]m-c-hmkmx, tkmam cmtPI-hn-ti-j
- -tfbpw `cn-p-p. A-s\-bp Cu
Xnhm Al-ta-Xa
- p-]mk CXn. k b GXtah-ap\maw, cq]w, Iw F aqpw Hm-bnp Cu Bm-hm]mkvtX -f lc-l l kpXx, {]kp- tXm, `h
Ipp Imcy IcW kMvLm-X-cq-]-amb Cu ]n-am-Ip-p.
Xn, \mkymw ob-tX.
GI-am-bn-cn-p Cu Imcy-Ic
- W kMvLmXw Cu \maB KmKy ]dp- ""N{- \n- ep B ]pcp- j Btcm
cq] I- aqpw Xs Cu AarXw kXy-m adAh-s\-s Rm {_-ambn D]m- kn- pp'' Fv. B
bv- s- n-cn-p-p. Aar-X-sap ]d-bp-Xv {]mW-\m-Ip-p.
APm-X-i{Xp ]dp: ""th Cu {_-ns hnj-bkXy-sav ]d-bp-Xv \ma-cq-]
- -f-s{X. Ah-bm Cu
n Ap kwh-Zn-t; alm-\pw, ]-c-amb hmk{]mW ad--s-n-cn-p-p.
tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\pw, cmPmhpw Bb tkma Fp hnNmcnp Rm Cu ]pcp- j s\ D]m-k n- pp'' Fv.
""BcmtWm Chs\ C{]-Imcw D]m-kn-p-Xv Ahv Znhkw-tXmdpw b-n tkmaw A`n-jT
v X- ambpw hnIr-XnHmw {_mWw
I-fn {]kp-X-ambpw `hn-pw. Ch\v Aw bn--bn1. D]-Hmw Zr]vX _mem-In lm\q-Nmt\m KmKy .''

cm-a-ymbw

Bk. ktlm-hm-Nm-PmX i{Xpw Imiyw, {_

tX {_mhm-W o-X n. k tlm hmNm-P m-X -i {Xpx
kl{k taXkymw hmNn ZZvtam, P\tIm P\I
CXn ssh P\m-[m-h-o-Xn.
A\phN-\-k-a-\pw- -hm-n-bpw, Zr-]vX\pw _em-IbpsS ]p{X\pw Bb KmKy Fv tKm{X- \m-a-ap Hcp
{_m-W Dm-bn-cp-p-t]m. Ah Imin-cm-P-\mb
APmX i{Xp-hn-t\m-Sv, ""Atbvv Rm {_s ]dp-Xcmw'' Fp ]d-p-h-t{X. B APm-X-i{Xp ]d-pt]m: ""Cu hmp \nanw Bbncw ]ip-sf \mw Xcpp-v. P\- I P\- I (Zm- Xmhpw t{imXm- hpw) Fm- Wtm
P\- HmXp- -Xv'' Fv.

2. D] k tlmhmN KmKyx b Ghmkm hmZn

tXy ]pcpj GX-ta-hmlw {_tm-]mk CXn.
k tlmhm-Nm-Pm-Xi
- {Xpx amssa-X-kvan kwhZnjv T mx; AXnjv T mx kthjmw `qXm \mw
aqm cmtP-Xnhm Alta Xap-]mk CXn. k
b GX-ta-h-ap-]mkvtX -f XnjvTmx ktjmw
`qXm\mw aqm, cmPm `h-Xn.
B KmKy ]dp: ""BZn-Xy-\n D B ]pcp-j
Btcm Ch-s\-s Rm {_-ambn D]m-kn-p-p.''
B APm-X-i{Xp ]dp: ""thm, Cu {_-ns hnjb-n kwhm-Zn-bvt-- - A-p kwhm-Zs sNt-.
AXn-jvT-\pw--Fm `qX--sfbpw AXn-{I-anp nXn
sNp--h-\pw,--Fm `qX--fp-tSbpw aqm-hpw-- in-c-pw,

4. D]-k tlmhm-NK
- mtKym, b Ghku hnZypXn
]pcpj GX-ta-h mlw {_tm-] mk CXn k
tlmhmNm PmX-i-{Xp, m, ssaX-kvan kwhZn
jvTmx; tXP-kzoXn hm Atl-ta-X-ap-]mk CXn.
k b GX-ta-h-ap-]m-kvtX, tXPkzo l `hXn;
tXP-k zn-\o-Nmky {]Pm-`h
- Xn
B KmKy ]dp: ""hnZyp-n D B ]pcp-j
Btcm Ah-t\-s Rm {_-ambn D]m-kn-pp''
Fv. B APm-X-i{Xp ]dp: ""th Cu {_-ns
hnj-b
- n kwh-Zn-t-; tXPkzn Fv Rm Cu
]pcp-js\ D]m-kn-pp'' Fv. ""BcmtWm Chs\ C{]Imcw D]m-kn-p-Xv Ah tXP-kzn-bmbn `hn-p-p.
Chs {]P tXP-kzn-\n-bm-bn-o-cp-p.''

5. D]-k tlmhmN KmtKym, b Ghm-b-amImti

]pcpj GX-ta-hmlw {_tm-]mk CXn. k
tlmhm- N m- P m- X - i - { X p, m s saX - k van
kwhZnjvTmx, ]q-a-{]-hoXn hm Al-taX- a p]mk CXn. k b GX- t a- h - ap- ] mkv t Xx
]qcytX {]Pbm ]ip-`n, mky-kvamtm ImXv
{]tPm-Z ztX.
B KmKy ]dp: ""BIm-i-n D ]pcp-j
Btcm Ch-s\-s Rm {_-ambn D]m-kn-p-p.''
Fv B APm- X-i{Xp ]dp: ""th, Cu {_-ns
hnj-b-n kwh-Zn-t-. ]q-hpw, {]hn- m-Xpw--{In-b-bn-m-pw--Fv Rm Chs\ D]m-kn-pp''

295

I Fv. ""BcmtWm Chs\ C{]-Imcw D]m-kn-p-Xv Ah

{]P-bmepw ]ip--fmepw ]q-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Chs
{]P Cu temI-n\nv DZzn--bn--- A-p-t]m-Ib
- n. Ah\v km-\-\miw hcn-I-bn-.''

6. D ]- k tl mhmN KmtKym, b G hmbw

hmsbu ]pcp-j, GX-ta-h mlw {_tm-]mk
CXn. k tlmhm-Nm-PmX i{Xpm ssaX-kvan
kwhZnjvTmx. Ct{m-ssh-IpWvtTm f- ]cm-P nXm
tkt\Xnhm Al-ta-Xa
- p-]mk CXn. k b GXta-h-ap]mkvtX, PojvWplm-]-am-Pn-jvWp`-hXy\y XkvXyPmbo.
B KmKy ]dp: ""hmbphn D Cu ]pcp-j
Btcm Ch-s\-s Rm {_-ambn D]m-kn-pp''
Fv. B APm-X- i{Xp ]dp: ""C{-\pw--]-c-ta-iz-c-\pw,
sshIp-WvT-\pw--A-{]-k-ly\pw A]-cm-Pn-X-bmb tk\bpw
Fv, Rm Chs\ D]m- kn- pp Fv. BcmtWm Chs\
C{]-Imcw D]m-kn-p-Xv Ah PnjvWp-hm-bpw--P-bi
- oe-\mbpw tXmm--h-\mbpw k]-Xv\-mtc Pbn-p
ioe-ap--h-\mbpw Xocp-p.''

7. D]- k tlmhmN KmtKym, b Ghm-b-au

]pcpj GX-ta-hmlw {_tm-]mk CXn. k
tlmhm-Nm-PmX i{Xpm, ssaX-kvan kwhZn
jvT mx hnjm- k -l n-c nXn hm Al- ta-X -ap- ] mk
CXn. k b GX-ta-h-ap-]mkvtX hnjm-k-lnl`
hXn; hnjm-k-lnlmky {]Pm-`h
- -Xn.
B KmKy ]dp: ""An-bn-ep Cu ]pcp-j
Btcm Ch-s\-s Rm {_-ambn D]m-kn-pp''
Fv. B APm-X-i{Xp ]dp:- ""th, Cu {_-ns
hnj-b
- n kwh-Zn-t; hnjm-kl
- n--C-Sp lhnns\ kln-p--h Fv Rm Cu ]pcp-js\ D]m-knpp'' Fv ""BcmtWm Chs\ C{]- Imcw D]m-kn-p- Xv
Ah hnjm-k-ln-bm-bn-- A-\y-msc kln-p- -h-\mbn
Xocp-p. Chs {]P hnjm-k-ln-bm-bn-o-cp-p.''

8. D]- k tlmhmN KmtKym, b Ghm-b-a]vkp

]pcpj GX-ta-hmlw {_tm-]mk CXn. k
tlmhm-Nm-Pm-X-i-{Xp, m, ssaX-kvan kwhZn
jvTmx, {]Xn-cq] CXn hm Al-ta-\-ap-]mk CXn;
k b GX-ta-h-ap-]m-kvtX, {]Xn-cq]w sslssh
\a-\p-K--Xn, \m {]Xn-cq-]w, AtYm {]Xncqt]m
-f kvamm- tb-X .

p--Xp-Xs A\p-K-an-p-p--{]m-]n-p-p. A\p-cq-]-a-mXv {]m]n-p-n-. Ch-\n\np A\p-cq-]-am-bn-p--XpXs Dm-Ip-Ibpw sNp-p.''

9. D]-k tlmhmN KmtKym, b Ghmb amZ

ti ]pcpj GX-ta-hmlw {_tm-]mk CXn.
k tlmhmNm PmX-i-{Xp, m, ssaX-k van
kwhZnjvTmx tcmNn-jvWp-cnXn hm Al-ta-\-ap]mk CXn. k b Gh-ta-X -ap-] m-kvtX, tcmNnjvW pl `hXn; tcmNn-j vW plmky {]Pm-` hXn; AtYm ssbx kw\n-K-Xn khmw-kvXm-\Xntcm NtX.
B KmKy ]dp: ""BZi-n (I-m-Sn-bn)
D Cu ]pcp-j Btcm Ch- s\-s Rm {_- ambn
D]m-kn-pp'' Fv. APm-X-i{Xp ]d-p. ""thm, Cu
{_-ns hnj-b-n kwhmZw sNt- . tcmNnjvWp
(Zo-]vXn-kz- `m- hw) F hnti- j- W- tm-Sp- Iq- Sn, Rm Chs\
D]m-kn-pp'' Fv. ""Chs\ C{]-Imcw B D]m-kn-pp-thm, Ah tcmNn-jW
v p-hm-bn-o-cp-p. Chs {]Ptcm-Nn-jvWp-hm-bn-o-cp-p. Fp am{X-a-, BtcmSp ASpp-pthm Ahsc Fm-h-tcbpw AXn-{I-anp {]Im-inbpw sNpw.''

10. D]-k tlmhmN KmtKym b Ghmbw bXv\w

]mm-_vtZm f- \qtZ,--tXy-X-ta-hmlw {_tm
]mk CXn. k tlmhm-Nm-Pm-Xi
- -{Xp, m, ssa
Xkvan kwh-ZnjvTmx; Akp-cnXn hm Al-taX
ap]mk CXn. k b GX-ta-h-ap-]m-kvtX, khw
sslhm-kvan temI Abp-tcXn ss\Xw ]pcm
ImemXv {]mtWm Plm-Xn.
B KmKy ]dp: ""t]mIp--hs ]nmse
GsXmcp i_v-amtWm DZn-p-Xv AXn-s\-s Rm
{_- ambn D]m- kn- pp'' Fv. B APm- X-i{Xp ]dp:
""th, Cu {_-ns hnj-b
- n kwhmZw sNt, Akp--Po-h\tlXp-hmb {]mW--F hnti-j-Wtm-Sp-IqSn Rm CXns\ D]m-kn-pp'' Fv. CXns\
C{]-Imcw Bdv D]m- kn-p-p-thm, Ah Cu temI-n
apgp-h Bbp- n-s\bpw Xs {]m]n-p-p. Chs\ Imen\p apv {]mW Dt]-n--bn-.

11. D]-k tlmhmN KmtKym, b Ghmbw `np

]pcp-j, GX-ta-hmlw {_tm-] mk CXn. k
tlmhm-N m-Pm-X-i -{Xp,m ssaX-kv an kwh
ZnjvTmx ZznXotbm -f \]K CXn hm Al-ta-Xap
]mk CXn, k b GX-ta-h-ap-]m-kvtX, ZznXob
hm l `h-Xn, Xmkvam-ZvK-W-ivOn-Zy-tX.

B KmKy ]dp: ""Ap-I-fn D Cu ]pcp-j

Btcm Ch-s\-s Rm {_-ambn D]m-kn-pp''
Fv. B APm-X-i{Xp ]dp: ""th, Cu {_-ns
hnj-b-n kwh-Zn-t-; {]Xn-cq-]-- A-\p-cq-]-- {ipB KmKy ]dp: ""Znp-I-fn-ep Cu ]pcp-j
Xn-ka
v r-Xn-Ip A-{]-Xn-Iq-e Fp hnti-j-W-tm- Btcm, Ah-s\-s Rm {_-ambn D]m-kn-pp''
Sp-IqSn Rm Chs\ D]m-kn-pp'' Fv. ""Chs\ Fv. B APm- X- i{Xp ]dp: ""th, Cu {_- ns
C{]Imcw B D]m-kn-p-pthm Ahs\ A\p-cq-]-am-bn- hnj-b
- n kwhmZw sNt-. ZznXo-b, A\-]K
-

296

I F hnti-j-W--tfm-Sp-IqSn Rm Chs\ D]m-kn-pp''

Fv. ""Chs\ C{]-Imcw B D]m-kn-p-pthm Ah
klm-b-m D-h-\m-bn-ocpw Ch-\n\nv Iq-m
]ncn-p-t]m-Ib
- n-.''

12. D]- k tlmhmN KmtKym b Ghmbw Om

bmabx ]pcp- j , GX-t a-h mbw {_tm-] mk
CXn. k tlmhm-Nm-Pm-Xi
- -{Xpm, ssaX-kvan
kwh-ZnjvTmx; arXyp-cnXn hm Al-ta-Xap]mk
CXn. k b GX-ta-h-ap-]mkvtX khw sslhmkvan temI Bbp-tcXn; ss\\w ]pcmImemr-Xyp-c m-K-Xn.

]mWm- h m-Z m- t bm u Xu l ]pcpjm

kp]vX -am-P- Xpx; Xta-s sXm-` n-c m-a-{bmw
Nt{I_r-l, ]m-c-hmkx, tkma, cmPn
Xn. kt\m- - u. Xw ]mWn\m -f f t]jw
t_m[bmw NImc; ktlm-u

B APm-X- i{Xp ]dp: ""{_m-W, F\np

{_s ]d-p-Xcpw'' Fp hnNm-cnv {Xn-bs\ D]K-an-pI Fp-Xp GtXm CXv hn]-co-X-hp-am-W.v ""Rm
At hnm-]n-n--Xs sNmw'' Fv. At-ls
ssIbvp ]nSn-p-sImv cmPmhp Fgp-t-p. Ah cpt]cpw Dd-n- n-S ]pcp-js ASp- sNp. B ]pcpjs\ "_rl--m-bn-p--ht\' "]m-c-hm-t' "tkma'
"cmPmth' F \ma--sf-smp Ba-{Ww sNbvXp-hn-fn-p. Ah Fgp-t-n-. Ahs\ ssIsImp Bt]Ww sNbvXp sNbvXv DWn Ah Fgp-t-p.

B KmKy ]dp: ""Cu Ombm-a-b\

- mb ]pcp-j
GtXm Ah-s\-s Rm {_-ambn D]m-kn-pp''
Fv. B APm- X- i{Xp ]dp: ""th, Cu {_- ns
hnj-b
- n kwhmZw sNt-. arXyp F hnti-j-Wtm-Sp-IqSn Rm Chs\ D]m-kn-pp'' Fv. ""Chs\ 16. D] k tlmhm-Nm-Pm-Xi
- -{Xp, cyss{X j GXXv
C{]-Imcw B D]m-kn- p-pthm Ah Cu temI- n
kp]vtXm -f `qZy Gj hnm-\-abx]pcpjx
apgp-h Bbp-n-s\- s {]m]n-p-p. Ime-n- \p-apv
ssIzj XZm f- `qXv?IpX GX-` m-KmXv? CXn.
Chs\ arXyp {]m]n--bn-.''
XZpl \ tat\ KmKyx.

13. D] k tlmhmN KmtKym, b Ghm-b-am

\n ]pcpj, GX-ta-hmlw {_tm-]mk CXn.
k tlmhm-Nm-Pm-Xi
- -{Xpm ssaX-kvan kwhZnjvTmx B-\zocn hm Al- -ta-Xa
- p-]mk CXn.
k b GX-ta-h-ap-] mkvX B\zo l `h-X n.
B-\zo\n lmky-{]Pm `h-Xn. k l XpjvWn
amk KmKyx.

B APm-X-i{Xp ]dp: ""Cu hnm-\-a-b- \mb ]pcpj Btcm Ch Ctm Cu kz]v\s kz]n-n-cppthm Atm Ch FhnsS Bbn-cpp? Fhn-sS-\nv
CXn-s\--B-K-a-\-s- -B-K-anp?'' Fv. AXns\ KmKy
Adn-n-.

17. D]-k tlmhm-Nm-Pm-Xi

- -{Xp, cyss{Xj GXXv
kp]vtXm f- `qZy Gj hnm-\-abx ]pcpj
B KmKy ]dp: ""Bm-hn (-{]-Pm-]X
- n-bn)
kvXtZjmw {]mWm\mw hnm-t\\ hnmD Cu ]pcp-j Btcm, Ch- s\- s Rm {_-ambn
\-am-Zm-b, b Gtjm f- lr-Zb BIm-i-kvXD]m-kn-pp'' Fv. B APm-i-i{Xp ]dp: ""th,
kvan-RvtOtX Xm \nbZm KrlvWm-XyY sslXXv
Cu {_X-ns hnj-b
- n kwhmZw sNt;
]pcpjx kz]nXn \ma,x XZv , KrloX Gh
Bm- thm- Sp-IqSnbh F hnti- j- W-tm-Sp- IqSn Rm
{]mtWm `hXn; KrloXw hmKv, KrloXw Np,
Chs\ D]m-kn- pp'' Fv, ""BcmtWm Chs\ C{]-Imcw
KrloXw t{im{Xw, KrloXw a\x.
D]m-k n- p- Xv Ah Bm-h p- -h - \ m-b n- o-c pw.
Ahs {]P B- \zn- \n-bmbpw Xocpw.'' B KmKy anmXn- cp- p.

14. D]-k tlm hmNm-Pm-Xi

- {Xp; tcXm-hq? CXn.
GXm-h-o-Xn. ss\Xm-hXm hnZnXw `h-Xo-Xn. k
tlmhmN KmKy D]Xzm bm \oXn.
B APm-X- i{Xp ""C{X-bpta Dtm?'' Fp ]d-p.
""C{X-b pta Dq'' Fp KmKy adp-] Sn ]dp.
""C{Xbpw am{Xw-sImv {_w Adn-b-s--Xm-I-bn-.'' Fv
APm-X-i{Xp ]nsbpw ]d-p, ""At Rm D]-Ka
- npp'' Fv KmKy ]d-p.

15. D] k tlmhm-Nm-Pm-Xi
- {Xp; {]Xn-temaw ssN
XZv, bZv {_mWx {Xn-b-ap-t]-bmZv {_lv a
ta hy-XoXn; thyhXzm ]-bn-jymaoXn. Xw

B APm- X- i{Xp ]dp: ""Cu hnm- \- a-b-\mb ]pcpj Btcm Ch Ftm Cu kz]v\s kz]n-n-cppthm Atm, hnm-\w-sIm- v-- AxIc-W-n-ep
A`n-hy--am-b, hnti-j-hn-m\wsImv Cu hmKm-Zn-Ifmb {]mW--f psS hnm- \-s-- kz-hn-j-b--fn-ep-
kmays FSp-n-v, lrZ-bm-`m-K-n-ep Cu
{]Imiw GtXm AXn ibn-p-p. Ah-sb--hm-Km-Zn-IfpsS hnm-\-sf Ftm {Kln-p-pthm Atm
]pcp-j Cu kz]v\s kz]n-pp'' Fp ]d-bp-p.
Atm-B kzm]-Im-e-n {]mW--{Lm-tW-{nbw
{Kln-- s--Xm-bn--D- ]- kw- l- cn-- s--Xm-bn-o-cpp. hmp
{Kln-- s--Xm-bn-o- cp- p. Npv {Kln- - s--Xm-bn-ocp-p, a\p {Kln--s--Xm-bn-o-cp-p.

18. D] k bss{X-XXv kz]v\ybm Nc-Xn, tX lm

kytemImx; XZp-tXh alm-cmtPm `hXn; DtXh

297

alm-{_m- Wx; DtX-thm-m-h Nw \nK--Xn. k

bYm alm-cmtPm Pm\ ]Zm KrloXzm tkzP\
]tZ bYm-Imaw ]cn-ht ssXh-ta-sshj G
XXv {]mW KrloXzm tkzi-cotc bYm-Imaw
]cn-h-tX.
Ah {]Ir-X-\mb Bmhv Ftm BtWm kz]v\hr-n-sImv C{]-Imcw Ncn-p- -Xv, Atm Ah
Chs temI--fm- Ip-p- --I-^-e--fm-Ip-p. Ah-bn,
]t alm-cm-Pm-hn-s\-tm-se-bpw, ]t alm-{_m--W-s\tm-sebpw Bbn-o-cp-p. D-ambpw (D-bpw) Ah-Nambpw (Xm- gvpw) F-t]mse \nK-an-bpw sNp- p. AXv
Fs\ Fm--GXp {]Im-c-amtWm alm- cm-Pmhv P\-]-Zn (\m-n) D- hsc Iqn- smv kzw P\-]-Z-n
Cwt]mse Npn-\S- -p--X,v C{]-Im-cw-Xs Ch-Cu
Bmhv C{]-Imcw {]mWsf {Kln-nv kzw ico-cn Cw-t]mse Npn-\-S-p-p.

19. D] AY bZm kpjp]vtXm `h-Xn, bZm \ Iky

N\ thZ, lnXm\mw \mtUym Zzm k]vXXnx k
l{kmWn lrZ-bmXv ]pco-X-X-a-`n-{]-Xn-j vT -t,
Xm`nx {]Xy-h-kr]y ]pco-XXn titX. k bYm
Ipamtcm hm alm-c mtPm hm alm-{_- tWm
hm -f XnLv\ o-am- ky KXzmi bo ssXhta
sshj GX-ttX

hn-hn-[-ambn DZvK-an- p-p. B Bmhns D]-\n-j-v-A-Sp- Fn-p i_vZw kXy-ns kXyw FXm-Ip-p. kXy-sap ]d-bp-Xv {]mW- BIp-p.
Ahbvp kXyw Cu Bm-hm-Ip-p.

cmw {_mWw
21. D] tbm l ssh inipw km[m\w k{]Xym
[m\w kqWw kZmaw thZ, k]vX l Zznj
tXm {`mXr-hym-\-h-cp-W-n. Abw hm h inip
tcym -f bw a[yax {]mWx, Xtky-Z-ta-hm-[m\
anZw {]Xym-[m-\w, {]mWx qWm f- w Zma
BcmtWm B[m- c-tm-Sp- Iq-Sn-bXpw {]Xym-[m-\- tm- SpIq-Sn-bXpw qW-tbm-Sp(-_-- \-kX
v w-`w) IqSn-b-Xpw, Zma(]m-iw)-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw Bb inip-hns\ Adn-bp-Xv
Ah, tZzjn-p--h-cmb Ggp {`mXr-hy-msc Ah-tcm-[np-p. Cu a[y-a-\mb {]mW GtXm CXp-X-s-bmWv
inip Fp ]d-bp-- Xv. B {]mW- \m-Ip inip-hn\p A[njvTm\w CXv (i-co-cw)- X- s. {]tXy- I- ap A[n- jvTm\w CXm
(in-c-)v Ipp. _-\-kX
v w`w {]mW-\m-Ip-p--_-e-am-Ipp. Zmaw--_-- \-c-q, A-am-Ip-p.

22. D] XtaXmx k]vXm-n-Xb D]-\n-jvT-t. XZy

Cam A temlnt\ym cmP-b-k vXm-`n-tc\w
cpt{Zm -f \zmbx; AY bm A-m-]-kvXm`n;
]ns Ftm- gmtWm kpjp- ]X
v -\m-bn-o-cp--Xv, Ftm]\yx; bm I\o-\Im Xbm f- -f ZnXyx; bXv
gmtWm Hn-t\bpw Adn-bm-Xn-cn-p--Xv, Atm, lnXIrjvW w tX\mnx; bpw tXt\{x; A[
I Fp ]d-bp Fgp-]-o-cm-bncw \mUn-I lrZ-bc s s b\ w h \ ym ] r Y n- h y- \ zm- b m;
n\np ]qcn-X-ns\ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cnp Kan-p-p.
Zyucpcbm. \mkymw obtX b Ghw
Ah-bnIqSn {]Xy-hk
- Ww sNbvXn-v-- ]nh-en-nv
thZ
]pco-X-n ibn-p-p. AXv Fs\ Fm, F{]Im- c-am- tWm, Ipam- c-t\mAXy _me-t\m,--a- lm-cm-Pm-thm,
Ahs\B {]mW-s\, CuXm-sg--d-bp-, Ggp Analm-{_m--Wt\m B\-
- ns AXn-Lv\n-sb--AXn-i- Xn-I An-Xn- tl-Xp-, D]-m\w sNp-p. AXn
tb\ ZpxJs l\n-p Ah- -sb--{]m-]n- nv ibn- p- An-bn Cu Nph-p-\n-d-n-ep cmPn-I-- tc-JI,
-Xv, A{]-Im-cw-X-s, Ch Cs\ ibn-p-p.
Gh-tbm, Ah-bnIqSn cp{Z Cu a[y-a-\mb {]mWs\
20. D]-k btYm-\m-`n-kvX
- p-t\m--tc-Zv, bYm A\zm-b--\m-bn-cn-p-p--A-\p-K-X-\m-bn-cn-p-p. ]ns
f txp{Zm- h n- k v^ p- e nw-K m-h yq- - c -t y- h - ta- An-bn-ep Ap-I Fhtbm Ah-bnIqSn ]PhmkvamZm\x kth-{]mWmx kth temImx \y Cu apJy-{]m-Ws\ A\p-K-X-\m-bn-cnp-p. Zi-\k t tZhmx khmWn `qXm\n hyp-cn; in GtXm AXnIqSn BZn-Xy Chs\ A\p-K-X-\mX tkym]-\n-j v kXy-k y-k-Xy-an-Xn. {]mWm bn-cn-p-p. In-ep Idp--`mKw GtXm AXnIqSn
An Chs\ A\p- K-X- \m- bn- cn-p-p. shfp `mKw GtXm
ssh kXyw; tXjm-ta-j-kXyw
AXnIqSn C{ Chs\ A\p-K-X-\m-bn-cn-p-p. XmgAXv-F- s\ Fm F{]-Im-c-amtWm Du-\m-`n-t-Xmb h-\n-bnIqSn ]rYnhn Chs\ A\p-K-X-\mNn- e-n- -X-p-sIm-v,--\q- ep-sImv D-cn-p--Xv--D-ZvK-an- pbn-cn-p-p. apI-fn-es It]m-f-b nIqSn tZymhv
-Xv, F{]-Im-c-amtWm An-bn\nv p{Z--fm-b-- sNChs\ A\zm-b--bm-bn-cn-p-p. C{]-Imcw B Adn-bpdnb hnkv^p-enw-K---Xo-sm-cn-I--hyp--cn-p--Xv-]e
pthm Ah\v Aw bn--bn-.
hn[n, As-n ]e-Xmbn DZvK-an-p-Xv C{]-Im-cwXs Cu Bm- hn\n- v DW- cp- - Xn\p app hnm- 23. D] XtZj tmtIm `h-Xn,
\- a- bs kzcq-]-n\nv Fm {]mW- fpw Fm temIB A-n Xmsg--d-bp tmIw Dv.
fpw Fm tZh-mcpw Fm `qX-fpw hyp-cn-p-p--

a{w ""Ahm-Kzn-e --a k Du[z-_ p- v\ -k vX -

298

I kvan itbm \nlnXw hniz-cq]w; Xkym f-

-f
kX-E -j bx k]v X Xotc; hmK- ao {_Wm''
kwhn-Zm\m CXn.

aqmw {_mWw
26. D]-tZz hmh {_mtWm cqt], aqw ssN

Iogv `mKv hne-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn- bXpw ASn-`mKw tahhm aqw N, ayw NmarXw N, nXw N
i-m-bn-p-Xpw Bb Nakw (tkm-a-ckw {Kln-p-b, k Xyw N.
Xn-\p Hcp ]m{Xw) Dv. B ]m{Xn hnizcq]-am-b-{_-ns cq]- aqhpw Aaqhpw cp\m-\m-cq-]-am-b--b-iv \nln-X-am-bn-cn-p-p. AXns Xocn Ggv Ejn-I Ccn-p-p. {_-tm-Sv--i-_vZ-cm-in- X-s. B aqm-aq-cq-]- ayhpw Aar-X-hpw,
nXhpw bpw kpw Xyhpw BIp-p.
tbm-S-v- kw-hm-Zs sNp hmv Fm-a-t-Xm-Ip-p.

24. D]-""-Am-Kzn-e--ak Duz-]pvd'' CXn-CZw Xncx, Gj-lym-Kzn-e--ak Du[z-\

_p[v\x. Xkvan btim \nlnXw hnizcq] anXn.
-{]mWm ssh btim hniz-c q]w {]mWm-t\X
Zml ""Xky f- -f kX Ejbx k]vX Xotc''
CXn.--{ ]mWm hm Ejbx. {]mWmt\ XZm-l .
""hmK- ao {_ Wm kw hn- Z m\m'' CXn.
hmKvLy-ao {_-W m-kw-hn-t.

27. D]--X -tZX qm, bZ-kyZv hmtbmmcn

m, GX-y, taXXv nX, taXXv kXv.
Xssky Xky aqssky Xky ay
ssky Xky nXs skyXky kX Gj
ctkm, b Gj-X-]Xn; ktXm tlyj ckx

hmbp-hn\npw A-co--n\npw A\y-am-bpXv GtXm AXmWv aqw. CXmWp ayw; CXmWp

nXw; CXmWp kv. A-s\-bp Cu aq-n""Ahm...vdx'' F-Xns hymJym\w ]d-bpp: s, Cu ay-n-s, Cu nX-n-s, Cu kns
CXv--C-Xn ]d-bpp Na-kw--I-c-Wm--I-\mb apJy-{]m- ck- amWv Cu X]n-p-- Xv. Ch Cu khn-Xmhv kns
Ws {]Xym- [m- \-amb inc-m-Ip-p. CXv Iogvhip Ipgn- ck-am-W-tm.
bp-Xpw Nph-Sp-`mKw tah-i-m-bn-p--Xp-amb Na-k- 28. D] AYm-aqw hmbp-m--cow N. GXZ
am-W-tm. ""Xkvan..-cq-]w.'' F-Xns Aw ]d-bp-parX. taX-Zy, tZX-yw. Xssky Xkym aq
-\m-\m-cq-]-amb biv {]mW--fm-Ip-p. ta]-d
ssky Xkym arXsskyXky bX GXky Xy
""Xkvan'' CXymZn hmIyw {]mW--se--d-bp-p. ""Xkym-sskyj-c-tkm, b Gj GX-kvan--te ]pcp
Xosc'' Fp--Xns\ hymJym-\n-p-p Ejn-I Fp
jx. Xyky-tlyj ckx CXy-[n-ssZ-h-Xw.
]d-bp-Xv {]mW--fm-Ip-p. Cu hmIyw {]mW--sf--dC\n Aaq-sap ]d-bp-Xv hmbphpw A- co-bp-p. ""hmK---Zm\m'' F-Xns Aw ]d-bp-p--F- mhpa
m-Ip-p. CXmWv AarXw; CXmWv bv, CXmWv Xyw.
a-t-Xmb hmv {_-tm-Sv--i-_vZ-cm-in-tbm-Sv--kw-hmA-s\-bp Cu Aaq-ns Asn Cu AarZs sNp-p--tm.
X- n-s, As-n Cu bns, As-n Cu
25. D]- - C - a m- t hh tKmX- a - ` cZzmsPu; Ab- t ah Xyns ck-am-Wv, Cu a-e- n-ep ]pcp- j Btcm
tKmXax; Ab-tah `c-ZzmPxC-am-thh hnizm Ch. Cu ]pcp-j Xyns ck-am-W-tm. Cs\
an{X Pa-Zn; Ab-t ah hnizm-an{Xx; Abw P A[n-ssZ-h-Xw.

aZnx. Cam-thh hknjvT Iiy]u; Ab-tah

hknjv T x; Abw Iiy]x, hmtK hmv d nx;
hmNm ly-a-Zy-tX. Anl ssh \mssa XZv
bZ- vd n- c n- X n. kh- k ym- m- ` - h - X n. kha
kymw `h-Xn, b Ghw thZ.

Ch Xs tKmX-a- `-c- Zzm-P-m. Ch Xt tKmX- a.

Ch `c-Zzm-P-\m-Ip-p. ChXs hnizm-an-{X\pw Pa-Znbpw AhXt hnizm-an-{X. Ch Pa-Z-n-bm-Ip-p.
Ch Xs hkn-jvT\pw Iiy-]\
- pw. Ch Xs hknjvT. Ch Iiy-]-\m-Ip-p. hmp-Xs A{n. hmn\m Xs-bm-Wtm Aw AZn--s-Sp--Xv. A{n
Fp ]d-bp-Xp GtXm CXv An FXp Xs-bm-Ipp. C{]-Imcw B Adn-bp-pthm Ah Fm A- nsbpw Am-hm-bn-ocpw Chv Fmw A-am-bno-cpw.

29. D]--A-Y m- -[ym-w-C

- Z- -ta-h-aqw bZ-XXv {]m
Wm; bm-b-a--cm--m-Imix GX-y,
taX- vY n- X , taX- -X v. Xssk Xky-aq
sskyXky aysskyXky- n- X -s skyX
kyX Gj-c-tkm-b-px ktXm-tlyj ckx
A\-cw A[ym--ap aqm-aq--fpsS hn`mKs ]d-bpp:- {]mW-\n\n- pw, Bm- hns Dn-ep
ico-c-n- \p-n-ep Cu BImiw GtXm AXn \npw
A\y-am-bp-Xv GtXm CXp-X-s- bmWv aq-amb {_ns cq]w. CXmWp ayw; CXmWp nXw; CXmWv
kv. A-s\-bp Cu aq-ns As-n Cu
ay-ns As-n Cu nX-ns As-n
Cu kns ck-am-Wv, Np-sp ]d-bp--Xv. CXv
kns ck-am-W-tm.

299

I 30. D] AYm-aqw, {]mW-, bm-b-a--cm

mImix. GX-Z-ar-X w, GX-Zy, tZX-XvX yw. X
sskyX-k ym-ar-X -s sky-X ky bX GXky Xy
sskyj-c -tkm, tbm - f bw ZntW f-
]pcp jx Xyky tlyj ckx
C\n {]mW\pw ico-c-n-\p-n Cu BImiw GtXm
AXpw Aaq-am-Ipp CXmWv Aar-Xw, CXm-Wv bp;
CXmWv Xyw. A-s\-bp Cu Aaq-n- s, Asn Cu Aar-X-ns As-n Cu bn-s, Asn Cu Xyns ck-am-Wv, Zn-W-amb An-bn
Cu ]pcp-j Btcm, Ah CXv Xyns ck-am-W-tm.

31. D] Xky sslXky ]pcp-jky cq]w bYm

alm-c-P\w hmtkm, bYm-]m-zm-hn-Iw, btY
{tKm-t]m, bXm-yn, cyY ]p-co-Iw, bYm
kIr-Zzn-Zypw kIr-Zzn-Zyp-th lhm Aky
{io`-h-Xn, b Ghw thZ
A-s\-bp Cu enMvKm-- I-\mb ]pcp-js cq]w,
a-m-b-n aqnb hkv{Xw- t]m-sebpw ]mp- hamb Bntcm-aw-sIm-p hkv{Xw-t]m-sebpw C{-tKm]w-t]m-sebpw An-Pzm-e-t]m-se-bpw, shfp Xma-c-q-hpt]m-sebpw BIp-p. C{]-Imcw Bcv Adn- bp-pthm Chv
Hcn- an ann-bX
- p-t]m-se-bp {io (Jym-Xn) D
m-Ipw.

32. D] AYmX BtZtim t\Xn, t\Xn. \tly

Xkvam-Zn-Xnt\ Xy\yXv ]c-a-kvXn. AY \mat[
bw kXyky kXy-ao-X n. {]mWm ssh kXyw
tXjm-taj kXyw

34. D] k tlmhmN ssat{X-bn ""bp a Cbw

`tKmx khm-]r-Yn-ho-hn-t\ ]qWm kymXv
IYw tX\m-arXm kym'' anXn. t\ Xntlm hmN
bm- h ev t Iym ""bssY- t hm- ] - I - c - W hXmw
PohnXw XssYh tX PohnXw kymXv, AarXXky Xp \m f- f- imkvXn hntt\'' Xn

B ssat{Xbn ]dp: ""Atbm `K-hmt\! F\nv

Cu ]rYnhn apgp-h hnw-sIm ]q-bm-bn-XocpIbm-sW-n AXp-sImv Rm Aar-X-bm-bn-o-cptam?''.
bm-h-eI
v y ""C'' Fp ]d-nv ]dp: ""D]-I-cW- D- h-cpsS PohnXw F{]- Im-c-am-bn-cn-p-tam, AXpt]mse Xs \ns Pohn-Xhpw Bbn-cn-pw. hnw- sImv--hn--km-y-amb Iw-sIm-v--A-ar-X-Xz-k-m-Z-\-n\m-Is Bi-t]m-ep-an''.

35. D]- -k m-tlm- h mN ssat{X-b n- ""-tb-\ mlw \m

arXm kymw, Inalw tX\- I pcymw? btZh
`Khm thZ, XtZh ta {]{_qlo'' Xn
B ssat{Xbn ]dp: ""GXp-sImv Rm Aar-Xbm-bn-o-cp-I-bn--tbm, AXp-sIm-v-B hnw-sImv
Rm Fp-sNpw? GXn-s\-bmtWm `K-h Adn-bp-Xv
AXn-s\-s F\np ]d-p-X-cnI'' Fv.

36. D] tlmhmN bm-hevIyx {]nbm _ Xmtc,

\x kXo {]nbw `mj-k , Glymz: hymJymkym-antX; hymN-m-Wky Xp ta \n Zn[ym-ktkz-X n.

B bm-hm-eI
v y ]dp: ""Atbm ssat{X-bo,
\o \app {]nb-bm-bn-cp-p. {]nb-am-bn-p--Xn-s\--Nn-m\p-Iq-e-am-bn-p--Xns\ `mjWw sNp- p. hcnI; Ccn-pI;
A\-cw BtZ-iw--{_--ns \nt-iw--""C-{]-Im-c- \n\p hymJym-\n-p- X-cmw--]- d- p- X- cmw. Fm hymJymap--X C{]-Im-c-ap--X'' F-Xm-Ip-p. ""C{]-Im-c-ap-- \n-p Fs hmIy-sf \o \nZn-[ym-k\w sNbvXp-sImX Fp- - Xn- s\-m IqSp- X- emb thsd \nt- i\w C- Ww; AXm-bXv A- \n-bw hcpn [ym\n-p-hm
tm. C\n, {_-ns \ma-t[bw kXy-ns kXyw,'' Cnp sIm-Ww.''
F-Xm-Ip-p. kXy-sap ]d-bp-Xv {]mW--fm-Ip-p. 37. D] ktlm-hm-N- \ hm Atc, ]Xypx Imamb
B {]mW-p kXy-am-bn-p-Xv CXm-Ip-p.
]Xnx {]ntbm `hXn; B-\kvX p Imamb ]

\memw {_mWw
33. D] ""ssat{Xbn'' Xntlm-hmN bmhmevIy
""DtZym-k y hm Atc - f la-k va mXv m\mZkvan; l tX -f \bm Im Xym b\ym -f w
Ic-hmWo'' Xn
bm-h- eI
v y ""Atbm ssat{Xbn!'' Fp hnfn-nv
]dp: ""tl! Rm Cu m\p \nv Cu Kmlym-{i-a-n\nv apI-fn t]mIp--Xn\v B{K-l-ap-h-\m-bn-cn-p-p. Ctm \n\p Cu ImXym-b-\n-tbmSv
A-s--kw-_-- hn-t-Zs sNp-hm'' t]mIpp.

Xnx {]ntbm `h-X n, \ hm Atc, Pmbm ssb

Imamb Pmbm {]nbm `hXn; B-\kvXp Imam
b Pmbm-{]nbm `h-Xn. \hm Atc, ]p{XmWmw
Imamb ]p{Xmx {]nbm `hn; B-\ kv X p
Imamb ]p{Xmx {]nbm `h- n. \ hm Atc,
hnky Imamb hnw {]nbw `hXn; B\kvX p Imamb hnw {]nbw `h-Xn. \ hm
Atc {_Wx Imamb {_ {]nbw `hXn;
B-\ kvX p Imamb {_ {]nbw `h-X n. \
hm Atc, vdky Imamb vdw {]nbw
`h-Xn. B\kvX p Imamb vd w {]nbw
`h-Xn. \ hm Atc, temIm\mw Imamb temImx
{]nbm `hn; B\kvX p Imamb temImx

300

{]nbm `h-n. \ hm Atc, tZhm\mw Imamb

tZhmx {]nbm `hn; B - \ k vX p Imamb
tZhmx {]nbm `hn. \ hm Atc `qXm\mw
Imamb `qXm\n {]nbmWn `hn; B-\kvXp
Imamb `qXm\n {]nbmWn `hn. \ hm Atc,
khky Imamb khw {]nbw `hXn; B\kvX p Imamb khw {]nbw `h-Xn. Bm
hm Atc {Zhyx t{imXthym athym \nZn[ym-knX thym ssat{Xbn. Bt\m hm Atc
Zi-t\\ {ih-t W\ aXym hnmt\-t\Zw
khw hnZn-Xw.

38. D] {_ Xw ]cm-Zm-tZym-\y{Xm f- -f t\m {_

_-th-Z. {w Xw ]cm-ZmZv tbm f- \y{Xm\x Xv{Xw thZ temImkvXw ]cm-Zptcym f\ym{Xm f- -f t\m temIm thZ. tZhmkvXw
]cm-Zptcym f- \y {Xm f- f t\m tZhm thZ.
`qXm\n Xw ]cmZptcym - f \y{Xm - f-f t\m
`qXm\n thZ. khw Xw ]cm-ZmZv tbm -f \y{Xm
-f-f \x khw thZ. CZw {_tZw Xv{X
anta temIm Cta tZhm Cam\n _qXm-\ oZw
khw bZ-am-m.

BcmtWm Bm-hn\nv A\y- ambn {_-s--{_mW

PmXn-sb--A-dn-bp--Xv, Ahs\ {_--{_m--W-Pm-XnB bm-h-evIy ]dp: ""Abtbm ssat{Xbn:
]Xn-bpsS Ima-n- \m-bn-v-- {]-tbm-P-\-n-\m-bnv Atm - ]p-cp-jm-n\nv AI- pw. BcmtWm Bm]Xn {]nb-\m-bn-cnp--Xv. ]nstbm Xs {]tbm-P-\-n- hn\np thsd-bmbn {Xn-b-Pm-Xnsb Adn-b p- Xv
\m-bn-mWv ]Xn {]nb-\m-bn-cn-p--Xv. Abtbm ssat{X- Ahs\ Xv{Xnb-PmXn ]cm-I-cn-pw--A-I-pw. BcmtWm
bn, Pmb-bpsS {]tbm-P-\-n-\m-bnv Atm Pmb {]nb- Bm-hn\np thsd-bmbn temI-sf Adn-bp- -Xv,
Ahs\ temI- ]cm-I-cn-pw. BcmtWm Bmbm-bn- cn-p-Xv; ]nstbm Xs {]tbm-P-\-n-\m-bn-mWv
hn\nv A\y-cmbn tZh-msc Adn-bp--Xv, Ahs\ tZhPmb {]nb-bm-bn-cp--Xv. Atbm ssat{X-bn, ]p{X-m-cpsS
m ]cm-Ic
- n-pw. BcmtWm Bm-hn\nv A\y-{]tbm-P-\-n-\m-bnv A-tm, ]p{X- m {]n-b- m- cm- bn-cn-pfmbn `qX-sf Adn-bp-Xv Ahs\ `qX- ssIh-eyXv; ]nstbm Xs {]tbm-P\
- -n-\m-bn-mWv ]p{X-m
n\nv AI-pw. BcmtWm Bm-hn\nv A\y{]nb-m-cm-bn-cn-p--Xv. Atbm ssat{Xbn hn-ns
ambn k-tbpw Adn-bp--Xv, Ahs\ khpw ]pcp{]tbm-P-\
- n-\m-bn--tm hnw {]nb-am-bn-cn-pXv;
jmn\nv AI-pw. Cu {_m-W-Pm-Xnbpw Cu
]nstbm Bm-hns {]tbm-P-\-n- \m-bn-mWv hnw
Xv{Xnb PmXnbpw Cu temI-epw Cu tZh-m-cpw, Cu
{]nb-am-bn-cn-p--Xv. Atbm ssat{X-bn, {_m-W-Pm-Xn`qX--fpw, Cu k-hpw, Cu Bmhv GtXm CXp-XbpsS {]tbm-P-\-n-\m-bn--tm {_-PmXn {]nb-am-bn-cnsbmWv.
p- Xv; ]ns-tbm, Bm-hns {]tbm-P-\-n-\m- bn-mWv
{_m-W- PmXn {]nb-am-bn-cn-p--Xv. Atbm ssat{X-bn, 39. D]-k bYmZp-p-t`l-\y-am-\ky \ _mlym
Rv K_vZ mRv iIv\ p- b mZv {Kl-W mb; Zppvdnb PmXn-bpsS {]tbm-P\
- -n-\m-bn--tm vdnt`kv X p {Kl- t W- \ , Zpp- ` ym- L m- X ky hm
b-PmXn {]nb-am-bn-cn-pXv; Bm-hns {]tbm-P-\
- ni_vtZm KrloXx.
\m-bn-mWv vdn-b-PmXn {]nb-am-bn-cn-p--Xv. Atbm
ssat{X-bn, temI--fpsS {]tbm-P-\-n-\m-bn--tm temIB Zrmw Fs\ Fm,l-\y- am-\-am-b- -Zw
{]nb-Ifm-bn-cn-p-Xv ; ]nstbm Bm-hns apX-em-b-Xp-sIm-pw ASn--s-Sp--Zp-p-`n-bpsS s]cp-{]tbm-P-\-n-\m-bn-mWv temI- {]nbfm-bn-cn-p-- d-bp-sS--_m-ly-- fmb i_vZ-- sf- - _-ln`q-X-- fmb i_vZXv. Atbm ssat{X-bn, tZh-m-cpsS {]tbm-P-\-n-\m-bn-- hn-ti-j-sf {Kln-p--Xn\v Ign-I-bn-. ]ns- tbm, Zpptm tZh-m {]nb-m-cm-bn-cn- p-Xv; ]ns- tbm, Bm- `n-bp-tS-tbm--Zp-p-`n-i-_vZ-km-am-\y-n-s-tbm, Zpp-`n-bpsS
hns {]-tbm-P-\
- n-\m-bn-mWv tZh-m {]nb-m-cm-bn-cn- BLm-X-n-stbm {Kl- W-m i_vZw-- i-_vZ-hn-tijw
p-Xv. Atbm ssat{X-bn, `qX--fpsS {]tbm-P-\-n- {Kln--s--Xm-bn-o- cp-p.
\m-bn--tm `qX- {]nb--fm-bn-cn-p-Xp ]nstbm
40. D] k bYm iMvJky [vamb-am-\ky \ _m
Bm- hns {]tbm-P-\-n-\m- bn-mWv `qX- {]nb--fmlymRv i_vZmRv iIv\p-bmZv {Kl-Wmb; iMv
bn-cn-p-v. Atbm ssat{X- bn, k-n-sbpw {]tbmJky Xp {Kl-tW\ iMvJ-[vaky hm i_vtZm
P-\ - n-\ m-b n-- tm khhpw {]nb-a m-b n-c n- p- Xv;
KrloXx
]nstbm Bm- h ns {]tbm- P - \ - n- \ m- b n- mWv
B Zrmw Fs\ Fm, DuX- s- Sp iMvJns
khpw {]nb-am-bn-cn-p- Xv . Atbm ssat{X-bn,
Bmhp Zin- -s-tS-- Xpw, {ihn--s-tS- - Xpw, a\\w _mly--fmb i_vZ-sf _ln`q-X--fmb i_vZ-hn-tisN-s-tS--Xpw, \nZn-[ym-k\w sN-s-tS- Xpw BIp- j-sf {Kln-p--Xn\v Ign-I-bn-. ]ns- tbm, iMvJn-tp. Atbm ssat{X-bn, B-mhns Zi-\w-sIm-pw, tbm, iMvJ i_vZ-km-am-\y-n-s-tbm, iMvJw DuXp-{ih-Ww-sIm- pw, hnm-\w-sIm-pw, a\-\w- sImpw Xn-s tbm {Kl-W-m i_vZw, iwJ-i-_v Z-ns
CsXmw hnZn-X- am-bn-o-cp-p. Adn-b-s--Xm-bn-o-cp-p. hntijw {Kln--s--Xm-bn-o-cp-p.

301

I 41. D]-k bYm--ho-Wmssb hmZy-am-\m-ssb \

_mlymRv i_vZmRv iIv\ p-bmZv {Kl-W mb.
hoWmssb Xp{K-l-tW-\, hoWm-hm-Zky hm i
_vtZm KrloXx
AXp Fs\ Fm, hmZ\w sN-s-Sp hoWbpsS _ln`q-X- -fmb i_vZ-hn-ti-j-sf {Kln-p-Xn\v Ign-bp-I-bn-. ]nstbm, hoW-bp-sStbm hoWm-hm-Z\-n-stbm {Kl-W-m i_vZw, hoWm-i-_vZ-hn-tijw
{Kln--s--Xm-bn-o- cp-p.

42. D]- k bYm -f -f ss{Z [mt-c -` ym-l n-X mXv

]rYKv [qam hn\n-m-c-tyhw hm Atc f- ky
altXm `qXky \niz-kn-X -ta-XZv bZr-tKz-tZm,
bPq tZx, kma-thtZm - f Ymw MvK nc-k ,
CXnlm kx, ]pcm- W w, hnZym, D]- \ n- j Zx,
tmImx, kq{Xm-Wy.\p hymJym-\m-\n, hymJym\m-\yssky sshXm\n \niz-kn-Xm\n

GIm-b-\a
- m-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw Fm ck-pw Pnlz-Pn-tlz-{nb hnjb kmam-\yw, GIm-b- \-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw
Fm cq]-pw Np-v-- N-p-hn- j-b- km-am-\yw, GImb-\-am- Ip- p. C{]-Imcw Fm i_vZ-pw t{im{Xw- -t{im{X-hn-j-b-km-am-\yw, GIm-b-\-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw Fm
k-e]
v -pw a\--v-a-t\m-hn-j-b-km-am-\yw, GIm-b-\am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw Fm hnZy-Ipw lrZbw _pn-hnj-b-km-am-\yw, GIm-b-\-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw Fm BZm-\hn-ti-j-pw lkvX---l-kX
v -hn-j-b-km-am-\y-amb
BZm\ kmam-\yw, GIm-b-\-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw Fm hnZyIpw lrZbw _pn-hn-j-b-km-am-\yw. GIm-b-\a
- m-Ipp. C{]-Imcw Fm BZmb hnti- j- pw lkvX-l-kvXh
- n-j-b-km-am-\y-amb BZmb kmam-\yw, GImb\am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw Fm B\--pw D]-w-- B-\-km-am\yw GIm-b-\-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw Fm hnkKpw ]mbp hnkK-km-am-\yw, GIm-b-\-am-Ip-p.
C{]-Imcw Fm Ka-\-pw ]mZ---K-a-\-km-am-\yw,
GIm- b- \- am-Ip- p. C{]-Imcw Fm thZ-pw--Fm hZ\-hn-ti-j-pw hmv --hZ- -\k
- m-am-\yw, GIm-b\
- -amIp-p.

B Zrmw Fs\ Fm, Iq-s-n-cn-p ]hn-d-tIm-Sp-Iq-Snb An-bn \nv ]e {]Im-c-n [qa Fs\ ]pd-s-Sp-p-thm, C{]-Imcw Xs Atbm
ssat{X- bn, Cu al-mb `qX-ns \niz-kn- X-am- Wv, EtKz- 44. D] k bYm ssk-h-Jney DZtI {]mkvX
Z-sa-pw, bPqt- Z-sa-pw, kma-th-Z-sa-pw, AYm-MK
v nDZ-I-ta-hm-\p-hn-e o-tbX; \lm-tkymZv {KlWm
c-k-sa-pw, CXn-lm-k-sa-pw, ]pcm-Ws
- a- pw, hnZy-I-sfbkym- X v , btXm- b - X - k v X zm- Z - Z oX eh- W - t ah
pw, D]-\n-j
- p-Is
- f-pw, tmI--sf-pw, kq{X- -sfGhw hm Ac CZw alZv `qX- a - \ - -a - ] mcw
pw, A\p-hym-Jym-\--sf-pw, hymJym-\--sfpw Dhn m- \ - L \ G h, G tX t` ym ` qtX ` yx
Xv, Ch Cu al-mb `qX-n-s-Xs \niz-kn-X--fmkapmb Xmt\y-hm\p hn\-iyXn; \ t{]XyIp-p.
kwm -f kvX oXytc {_ho-aoXn tlmhmN

43. D] k bYm--k-k m-a]mw kap{Z GImb

\tahw kjmw kv]im\mw XztK-Im-b \w;
Ghw ktjmw Km\mw \mkntI GIm-b\w;
Ghw ktjmw ckm\mw Pnsslz-Im-b\w;
Ghw ktjmw cq]mWmw Np-cm-Im-b\w;
Ghw ktjmw f_vZm\mw t{im{X-ta-Im-b\w;
Ghw ktjmw k-ev]m\mw a\ GIm-bm\w;
Ghw kmkw hnZym\mw lrZ-b-ta-Im-b\w;
Ghw ktjmw IWmw lkvXm-th-Im-b\w;
Ghw kt-j m-am-\ -m-\m-ap-] GIm-b \w;
Ghw ktjmw hnkmWmw ]mbp-tc-Imb
\w Ghw kth-jm-a-[z\mw ]mZm-th-Im-b\w;
Ghw Zkthjmw thZm\mw hmtK-Im-b\w

bmhevyx
AXv Fs\ Fm ""Pe-n {]mkvX-am-b-- {]-n]vX-am-b, ssk- h-Jn-eyw Dp-I-jWw DZ- I-ns ]nmse-Xs hne-bn-p-p. Cu ssk-h-Jn-ey-ns DZv{Kl-W-n- \vap-t-bp nXn-bn-ep {Kl-W-n-\-v- H-cph\pw i-\m-I-bn-. Fm FhnsS FhnsS \nv
BZm\w sNp-p-thm-F- S pp cqNn-p-t\m-p-pthm,
Ahn-sS-b-hnsS Dp-Xs Bbn-cn-pw. C{]-Imcw Xs,
Atbm ssat{X-bn, Cu al-mb `qXw, A\-hpw
B]m-chpw Bb hnm-\-L\w Xs Cu `qX- - fn#-\nv
kap-m\w sNbvXn-v, Ah-bpsS ]nm-se-Xs hn\mis {]m]n-p-p. t{]X-\m-b-Xns tijw kw--hnti-j- W-kw C. Fv Atbm ssat{X-bn, Rm ]dbp-p.'' Fv bm-h-evy ]d-p.

45. D] kmtlm-hmN ssat{X-bo ""Ass{X-ham `K-

hm-\-aq-ap-l t{]Xy-kwm -f kvXoXn.'' k

{]fb {]Zi-\-n-\m-bp Zrmw ]d-bp-p. GXp
tlmhm-N ""\ hm Ac Alw tamlw {_hoan.
{]Im-c-amtWm Fm Ap-Ipw kap-{Zw, Pekmam\yw
Aew hm Ac CZw hnm-\mb''
GIm-b-\-am-bn-cn-p--Xv- -Htc Hcp {]f-b-m-\-am-bn-cn-p-X,v A{]-Imcw Fm kv]i-pw, Xzv--Xz-Kzn-j-bssat{Xbn ]dp:- acn--Xn-tijw hnm-\L
- -\amb kv]i-\k
- m-am-\yw, GIm-b-\a
- m-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw amb CXnXs kw C, Fp ]dv `K-hm
Fm K-pw \mkn-I-- {Lm-W-hn-j-b-km-am-\yw, Fs tamln-n-n-cn-p-p. bm-evy ]dp:

302

I ""Atbm ssat{X-bo, Rm taml-s--tam-l-P-\-I-amb

hmIys ]d-bp-n- , Cu al- mb `qXw hnm-\-n\v
aXn-bm-Ipw.''

46. D] b{X ln ssZzX-anh `hXn XZn-Xc PXcw

Pn{LXn XZn-Xc
- -C-Xcw ]iy-Xn, XZn-Xc
- -C Xcw
irtWm-Xn, XZn-X-c-C-X-c-a-`o-h-ZXn XZn-Xc CXcw
a\p-tX, XZn-X-c-C-Xcw hnPm-\m-Zn. b{Xhm Aky
kh-am-sshm `qXv, XXv. tI\Iw Pnt{LXv?,
XXv tI\Iw ]tiyXv XXv tI\Iw irWp-bmXv?
XXv tI\-I-`n-h-tZXv? XXv tI\Iw a\zoX? XXv
tI\Iw hnPm-\o-bmXv? tb t\Zw khw hnPm\mXn Xw tI\ hnPm\nbmXv? hnm-Xm-c-atc
tI\ hnPm-\o-bmXv?
CXn.
GXp Jney-`m-h-n, GXp Imc-W-m ssZzXwt]mse Dm-bn-cn-p-p-thm--Im-W-s-Sp-p-thm BJn-ey`m-h-n B Imc- W-m, CX-c-\m-b-{Lm- Xmhv CX- c-amb
{LmW-hn-j- bs {LmWn- p- p. B Jney- `m-h- n CXc-\mb {`mhv CX-c-amb Np-hn-j-bs ImWp-p. B
Jney- `m-h-n CX-c-\mb t{imXmhv CX-c-amb i_vZs
{ihn-p-p. B Jney-`m-h
- n CX-c-\mb hmhv CX-camb h-hys A`n-h-Zn-p-p. B Jney-`m-h-n CXc-\mb amhv CX-c-amb a-hys a\\w sNp-p. B
Jney-` m-h - n CX-c -\ mb hnm-X mhp CX-c -a mb
hnt-bs Adn- bp-p. Ftm-gmtWm Ch-\v-Cu {_hn-n-\v-- Fmw Bm-hp-X-s-bmbn Xocp-Xv Atm
GXp Ic-Ww-sImv GXp hnj-b s {LmWnpw?
Atm GXp Ic-Ww- sImv GXp hnj- bs Zinpw?
Atm GXp Ic-Ww-sImv GXp hnj- bs {ihnpw?
Atm GXp Ic-Ww-sImv GXp hnj-bs A`n-hZnpw? Atm GXp Ic-Ww-sImv GXp hnj-bs
a\\w sNpw? Atm GXp Ic-Ww- sImv GXp hnjbs Adnbpw? GXp IqS--t_m-Z-m hym]vX-am-bnp
Cu k-tbpw Adn-bp-p-thm, B kmnsb GXp
Ic-Ww-sImv Adnbpw? Atbm ssat{X-bn, hnm-Xmhns\ GXp Ic-Ww- sImv Adnbpw?

Amw {_mWw
47. D] Cbw ]rYnho kthjmw `qXm\mw [p;
Assky ]rYnsshy khmWn `qXm\n a[p;
b mb-akymw ]rYnhymw tXtPm-atbm f- arXabx ]pcp-tjm, bm-a - ymw imco- c -k vtXtPmatbm -f arX-abx ]pcptjm -f btah k
tbm f- bam t Za-ar-X, anZw {_t, Zw khw
Cu ]rYnh Fm `qX--fp-tSbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu
]rYn-hn-bn tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b\pw Bb Cu ]pcpj Btcm Ah\pw Fm `qX--fp-sSbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p.
Fm `qXfpw Ch-sbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. A[ym--ambn

ico-c
- n nXn-sN-p--h\pw tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-ab-\p-amb Cu ]pcp-j GtXm Ah\pw Fm `qX-fptSbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm `qX-fpw Ch-sbpw a[p-hmIp-p. Cu Bm-sh-Xv GtXm AXv CXp-X-s. Aar-Xsap ]d-Xv Aar-X-Xz-km-[-\-amb B-hn-m\w
CXm-Ip-p. {_-sa-Xv CXm-Wv. khm-]X
v n-km-[-\-amb
{_-hn-m\w CXm-Ip-p.

48. D] Cam B]x kthjmw `qXm\mw a[p.

Bkm-a]mw khmWn `qXm-\n-a[p bmb am
kz]v k p tXtPm- a tbm - f arX- a bx ]pcpjx
bmb aymw sscX-k -k vtX-tPm-atbm farX-abx ]pcp jx; Ab-ta-h-ktbm -f bamm;
CZ-a-arXw; CZw {_; CZw khw
Cu Ap-I Fm `qX- -fp- tSbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm
`qX- fpw Cu Ap-I-fpsS a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu Ap-I-fn
tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b\pw Bb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm,
Ah\pw Fm `qX--fp-tSbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm `qXfpw Ch-sbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. A[ym--ambn tcX-n
nXn-sN-p--h\pw tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X- a-b-\p-amb Cu
]pcp-j Btcm Ah\pw Fm `qX--fp-tSbpw a[p-hm-Ipp. Fm `qX-fpw Ch-sbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu
Bmhv GtXm AXv CXp-Xs BIp-p. Aar-Xw- - A-arX-Xz-km-[-\-a mb B-hn-m-\w- -C-Xm-Wv. {_-sa-Xv
CXm-W.v kw--km-]X
v n-km-[-\-amb {_-hn-m-\w-C-Xm-Ip-p.

49. D]--A-b-anx kthjmw `qXm\mw a[p. A

kymtx khmWn `qXm\n a[p. bm-b-akvan
u tXtPm- a tbm - f arX- a bx ]pcp- t jm,
bmb a[ymw hmMva- b -k v tX-t Pm-a tbm farX-abx ]pcp jx. Ab-ta-h k tbm -f bamm, CZ-a-ar-Xw, CZw {_, CZw kw.
Cu An Fm `qX--fp-tSbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm
`qX- fpw Cu An-bpsS a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu An-bn
tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b\
- p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm
Ah\pw Fm `qX--fp-tSbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm `qXfpw Ch-sbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. A[ym--ambn hmMva-b\pw, tXtPm-a-b-\pw, Aar-X-a-b\pw Bb Cu ]pcp-j
Btcm Ah-\pw Fm `qX--fp-tSbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p.-Fm
`qX-fpw Ch-sbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu Bmhv GtXm
AXv CXp- X-s. Aar-X-Xz-km-[-\- amb B-hn- m\w CXmIp-p. {_w CXm-Ip-p. km-]vXn-km-[-\-amb {_hn-m\w CXm-Ip-p.

50. D]- -Abw hmbpx ktjmw `qXm\mw a[p.

Akyhmtbmx khmWn `qXm\n a[p. bmba [ymw {]mW-kv tX-tPm-atbm f- arX- abx
]pcpjx, Ab-tah k tbm -f bamm; CZ-aarXw; CZw{_ ; CZw kw

303

Cu hmbp Fm `qX--fp-tSbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm

`qX- fpw Cu hmbp-hns a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu hmbp-hn
tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b\
- p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm
Ah\pw Fm `qX--ep-tSbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm `qXfpw Ch-sbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Aym--ambn {]mW-\mbn-cn-p tXtPm-a-b-\pw, Aar-X-a-b-\p-amb Cu ]pcp-j
Btcm Ah\pw Fm `qX-pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm
`qX- fpw Ch\pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu Bhv GtXm AXv
CXp-Xs; Cu \membn ]d--Xp-Xs; BIp-p. AarX-Xz-tl-Xp-hmb B-hn-m-\w, {_w, Cu \mep-hn-[n- ep Iev]-\bvp A[n-jvTm-\-am-bn-p--Xm-Ip-p.
km-]X
v - km-[-\-amb {_-hn-m\w CXm-Ip-p.

51. D]- -A -b -am-ZnXyx ktjmw `qXm\mw a[px

Akym f- -f ZnXy ky khmWn `qXm\n a[p.
b mb-a-kvan-m-ZntXy tXtPm-atb f- arX-abx
]pcp tjm, bm-b-a-[ymw Np-j-kvtX-tPmatbm -f arXabx ]pcpjx Ab-tah k tbm -f
bamm; CZ-aarX; CZw {_; CZw kw.

53. D]- -A bw N{x ktjmw `qXm\mw a[p;

Aky N{ky kmWn `qXm\n a[p; bmb-akva nwt{ tXtPm-atbm -f arX-abx ]pcptjm, bmb a[ymw am\-k-kvtX-tPm-atbm f arX-abx ]pcpjx, Ab-tah ktbm -f bamm, CZ-a-ar-Xw, CZw {_, CZw kw.

Cu N{ Fm `qX-pw a[p-hm-Ip- p. Fm `qX-fpw Cu N{\p a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu N{-\n tXtPm-ab\pw Aar-X-a-b\

- p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm Ah\pw
Fm `qX- pw a[p- hm-Ip- p. Fm `qX- fpw Chpw
a[p-hm-Ip-p. A[ym--ambn a\-n nXn-sN-p-,
tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b\
- p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm
Ah\pw Fm `qX- pw a[p-hm- Ip-p. Fm `qX- fpw
Chpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu Bmhv GtXm AXv CXp-Xs. Aar-X-km-[-\ -amb B-hn-m\w CXm-Ip-p.
{_w CXm-Wv. km]vXn km[-\-amb {_- hn-m- \hpw
CXp-X-s.

54. D]--Cbw hnZypXv kthjmw `qXm\mw a[px

Cu BZn-Xy Fm `qX- -pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm
Assky hnZypXx khmWn `qXm\n a[p.
`qX-fpw Cu BZn-Xy\pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu BZn-Xy-\n
bmb-akymw hnZypXn tXtPm-atbm -f arX-abx
tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-ba
- -\p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm
] pc ptj m, bi vN mb a[ ym w s s X P- k Ah\pw Fm `qX- pw a[p-hm- Ip-p. Fm `qX- fpw
kvtXtPmatbm f- arX-abx ]pcpjx; Ab-ta-hk
Chpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. A[ym-- ambn Np-n nXn
tbm -f bamm; CZ-a-a rXw; CZw-{_; CZw
sNp-, tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b\pw Bb Cu ]pcp-j
khw
Btcm Ah\pw Fm `qX-pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm
Cu hnZypv Fm `qX- pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm
`qX- fpw Chpw a[p-hm- Ip-p. Cu Bmhv GtXm AXv
`qX- fpw Cu hnZyp-n\p a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu hnZyp-n
CXp-X-s. Aar-Xw--A-ar-X-Xz-km-[-\-amb B-hn-m\w
tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b\
- p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm
CXm-Ip- p. {_w CXm-Ip- p. km-]vXn-km-[-\-amb
Ah\pw Fm `qX- pw a[p-hm- Ip-p. Fm `qX- fpw
{_-hn-m\w CXm-W.v
Ch\pw a[p-hm-Ip- p. A[ym--ambn Xzn-ep tXP-n
52. D] Cam Znix kth-hjmw `qXm\mw a[p; B nXn-sN-p tXtPm-abpw Aar-X-a-b-\p-amb Cu ]pcpkmw Znimw kmWn `qXm\n a[p; bm-bam j Btcm Ah\pw Fm `qX-pw a[p-hm-Ip-p.
kpZnp tXtPm-atbm -f arX-abx ]pcptjm b Fm `qX-fpw Chpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu Bmhv
mb a[ymw {iu{Xx {]Xn-{ip-XvI-kvtX-tPm- GtXm AXv Aar-X-Xz-km-[-\a- mb B-hn-m\w BIpatbm -f arXabx ]pcpjx; Ab-ta-h -ktbm -f p. {_w CXm-Ip-p. km]vXn km[-\-amb {_-hnm\w CXm-W.v
bamm; CZ aarXw; CZw {_; CZw kw
Cu Znp-I Fm `qX-pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm
`qX-fpw Cu Znp-Ipw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu Znp-Ifn tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a- b-\p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm,
Ah\pw Fm `qX-pa a[p- hm- Ip- p. Fm `qX- epw
Chpw a[p-hm- Ip- p. A[ym- - ambn t{im{X- n kvXnXnsN-p--h-\pw, {]mXn-{ip-Xn-I\
- pw- -{]-Xn-{ip-Xn-I-bn, AXmbXv {]Xn-{i-h-W-th-f-bn, hnti-jnp kn-ln-X-\m-bn-cnp--h-\pw--Bb tXtPm-a-b-\pw, Aar-X-a-b\
- p-amb Cu
]pcp-j Btcm Ah\pw Fm `qX-pw a[p-hm-Ipp. Fm `qX-fpw Chpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu Bmhv
GtXm AXv Xs-bm-Wv, Aar-X-Xz-km-[\
- -amb B-hnm\w. {_w CXm-Ipp? km-]vXn-km- [-\-amb {_hn-m\w CXm-Ip-p.

55. D] Abw kvX\-bnXv\px kthjmw `qXm\mw

a[p; Aky kvX\-bnXvt\m; khmWn `qXm\n
a[ p b mb ak van k vX \ - b nX v\ u
tXtPmatbm -f arX-abx ]pcp-tjm, bm-b-a[ymw im_vZx kuh-ckvtXtPmatbm f- arXabx ]pcpjx Ab-tah k tbm -f bmam- m,
CZ-a-ar-Xw, CZw {_, CZw khw
Cu kvX \-bnXv\ p AYhm ]P-\ y Fm `qXpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm `qX- fpw Cu Cu kvX\bn-Xv\p-hnv a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu kvX\-bn-Xv\p-hn tXtPma-b\pw Aar-X-a-b\
- p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm Ah\pw
Fm `qX- pw a[p- hm-Ip-p. Fm `qX-fpw Ch\pw

304

I a[p-hm-Ip-p. A[ym-X-va-ambn kzc-n hnti-jnv kn-

Chpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. A[ym--ambn kXy-n nXnln-X-\m-bpw, i_vZ-n nXn-sN-p--X-h-\mbpw Ccn- sN-p tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b\
- p-amb Cu ]pcp-j
p tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar- X- a-b-\p-amb Cu ]pcp- j Btcm Btcm Ahpw Fm `qX-pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm
Ah\pw Fm `qX- pw a[p-hm- Ip-p. Fm `qX- fpw `qX-fpw Ch\pw a[p- hm- Ip- p. Cu Bmhv GtXm AXv,
Ch\pw a[p-hm-Ipp. Cu Bm-hv, Aar-X-Xz-km-[-\-amb Aar- X- z-km-[-\-amb B- hn- m\w BWv. {_w CXmB-hn-m-\w, CXm-Ip-p. {_w CXm-Ip-p. km- Ip-p. khm-]vXn-km-[-\-amb {_-hn-m\w CXm-W.v
]vXn-km-[-\-amb {_-hn-m\w CXm-Ip-p.

56. D] Ab-am-Imix kthjmw `qXm\mw a[p;,

Akym f- f- Imiky khmWn `qXm\n a[p;
b mb-a-kvan-m-Imti tXtPm-atbm -f arXabx ]p cptjm, bm-b-a-[ymw lrZym-Im-ikvtX-tPma tbm -f arX-abx ]pcpj Ab-ta-hktbm -f bam m; CZ-a-arXw; CZw {_ CZw
khw

59. D]--CZw am\pjw kthjmw `qXm\mw a[p.

Aky am\p- j ky khmWn `qXm\n a[p.
bmb-a-kvan am\ptj tXtPm-atbm f- arXabx ]pcptjm-b-m-b-a-[ymw tXtPm-atbm farX-abx ]pcpj; Ab-tah k tbm f- bamm;
CZ-a-arXw; CZw {_ CZw khw

Cu a\p-jm-Zn-PmXn Fm `qX-pw a[p-hm-Ip-p.

Fm `qX- fpw Cu am\p-jm-Zn-Pm-Xnv a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu
Cu BImiw Fm `qX-pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm am\p-jm-Zn-Pm-Xn-bn tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X- a-b-\p-amb Cu
`qX--fpw Cu BIm-i-n\pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu BIm-i- ]pcp-j Btcm Ah\pw Fm `qX-pw a[p-hm-Ipn D tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b-\p-amb Cu ]pcp-j p. Fm `qX-fpw Ch\pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. A[ym--ambn
- p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm
Btcm Ah-\pw, A[ym--ambn lrZ-b
- n-ep BIm-i- tXtPm-a-b-\pw, Aar-X-a-b\
amb tXtPm-a-b-\pw, Aar- X-a- b-\p- amb Cu ]pcpj Btcm Ah\pw Fm `qX- pw a[p-hm- Ip-p. Fm `qX- fpw
- mb
Ah-\pw, Cu Bmhv GtXm AXv CXp-X-s. Aar-X-Xz- Ch\pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu Bmhv Aar-X-Xz-km-[-\a
v nkm-[-\a
- mb B-hn-m\w CXm-W.v {_w CXm-Ip-p. B-hn-m\w BIp-p. {_w CXm-Ip-p. khm-]X
km-[-\-amb {_-hn-m\w CXm-W.v
khm-]X
v n-km-[-\-amb {_-hn-m\w CXm-Ip-p.

57. D]- -A bw [x kthjmw `qXm\mw a[px

Aky-[ky khmWn `qXm\n a[p bm
ba- k v a n [t tXtPm- a tbm - f arX- a bx
]pcptjm, bm- b - a -[ ymw [- k v t X- t Pmatbm -f arXabx ]pcpjx, Ab-tah ktbm -f
bamm: CZaarXw; CZw-{_; CZw khw

60. D]- - A - b - a mm kthjmw `qXm\mw a[p

Akym -f -f \x khmWn `qXm\n a[p. b
mb-a -kvan-m-m\n tXtPm-atbm -f arX-abx
]p tcmtjm; bm-b-amm tXtPm-atbm -f arXabx ]pcpjx; Ab-tah k tbm f- bamm; CZa-arXw; CZw {_ CZw khw

Cu [w Fm `qX- pw a[p- hm-Ip- p. Fm `qXfpw Cu [-n\pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu [-n

tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b-\p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm Ah\pw, A[ym--ambn [-n nXn-sN-p tXtPm-ab\pw Aar-X-a-b\
- p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm Ah\pw
Fm `qX- pw a[p- hm-Ip- p. Fm `qX- fpw Chpw
a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu Bmhv GtXm AXv CXp-Xs BIpp. Aar-X- Xz-km-[-\-amb B-hn- m\w CXm-W.v {_w
CXm-W.v km]vXn km[-\-amb {_-hn-m\w CXm-W.v

Cu Bmhv Fm `qXpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm

`qX- fpw Cu Bm- hnpw a[p- hm-Ip- p. Cu Bm-hn
tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b\pw Bb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm
Ah\pw Fm `qX- pw a[p-hm- Ip-p. Fm `qX- fpw
Ch\pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Bm-hmb tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X- ab-\p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm Ah\pw Fm `qX-pw
a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu Amhv GXv, AXv, Aar-X-Xz-km-[\
- amb Bm- hn-m\w BIp- p, {_w CXm- Ip- p. khm]vXn-km-[-\-amb {_-hn-m\w CXm-Ip-p.

58. D] CZx kXyw kthjmw `qXm\mw a[p.

A k y k X yk y k hmW n ` qX m\ n a[ p.
bmba-kvan ktXy tXtPm-atbm f- Aar-Xabx ]pcptjm bm-b-a-[ ymw kmXy-k vtXtPm-atbm -f arX-abx ]pcpjx Ab-tah k tbm
f- bamm CZ-a-arX; anZw {_t, Zw khw

61. D] k hm Ab-amm kthjmw `qXm-\ma

[n]Xnx, ktjmw `qXm-\mw-cmPm XZy-Ym--cY
\m`u N cY-t\-au-N mcmx kth ka]nXmx
Gh- t a- h m- k v a n- m- \n khmWn `qXm- \ n,
kth tZhmx, kth-temImx kth {]mWmx;
kh GX Bm\x ka]nXmx.

Cu kXyw Fm `qX- pw a[p- hm-Ip-p. Fm `qXfpw Cu kXy-n\p a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu kXy-n

tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b\
- p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm
Ah\pw Fm `qX- pw a[p-hm- Ip-p. Fm `qX- fpw

C-s\-bp Cu Bmhv Fm `qX- -fp-tSbpw A[n]-Xn-bpw, Fm `qX--fp-sSbpw cmPmhpw BIp-p. AXv

Fns\ Fm, cY-N-{I-ns \m`nbnepw cY-N-{Ins t\a-bnepw Bc-m-ep-I-sfmw kan--s-n-cn-

305

I p-p-tm; A{]-Imcw Xs Cu Bm-hn Fm `qX-fpw, Fm tZh-m-cpw, Fm temI--fpw, Fm {]mW-fpw, Fm Bm-fpw kan--s-n-cn-p-p.

62. D] CZw ssh Xm[p Z[y-Mvm-YhtWm fizn`y- ap- h mN XtZ-X -Z rnx ]iy- thm NXv
XZzmw \cm k\tb Zwk D{K-am. hnjvIrtWman
X\y-Xp-hrnw Z[yMv l [-[ zm-Y htWm
hma-izky iojvWm {]b-Zo-ap-hmN CXn.

]pcp-j Fm ]pc--fnepw ]pc-n ibn-p--h-\m-bXp-sImv ]pcp-j Fp ]d-bs

- -Sp-p. Ch-\m BhcWw sN- s- Sm- -Xmbn Hpw C. Ch-\m Dn AS-s-Sm--Xmbn Hp-an-.''

65. D] CZw ssh X[p Z[y- m- Y htWm -f

izn`ym-ap-hm-N. XtZ-X-Zrnx ]iy--thm-NXv cq]w
cq]w {]Xn-cqt]m _`q-h. XZ-ky-cq]w {]Xn NWm-b . Ct{m ambm`nx ]pc- p cq] CubtX;
bpm-lyky lcbx iXm Zi CXn. Abw ssh
A-s\-bp Cu a[p-hns\ Z[yv F BYW
lcbx Abw ssh ZiN kl-{kmWn _lq\n
{_-W Aizn-Iv ]d-p- sIm- Sp-p. Cu Is
Nm\-m\n N, XtZ-XZv {_m]qh a\p-]-c-a-\Ip-sImv Ejn--a-{w--]-d-p-""-A-tbm \c-mtc!
- a - _ m- l yw . A bam m {_ - k hm\ p
\cm-Im-c-m-cmb Aizn-X-Isf! \n-fpsS em`-n-\p-th-n`qcntXy XZ-\p-im- -k-\.

bp D{K-am-b-A-Xn-{Iq-c-am-b, BZw-k-n-s\ B Is--AX

- m-b-Xv--Z-[yp F AYh-W Aiz- ns
A-s\-bp Cu a[p-hns\ Z[y--sep ]d-bp
inc-p- sImv GXp a[p- hns\ \nv ]d-p- X- pthm AYh-a Aizn-Iv ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p. CXp-I
- pAXn-s\, ]P-\y hrjvSnsb F-t]mse Rm shfn- sImv Ejn ]d-p Cu Bm-hns {]m-\-L-\s-Sp-n-tb-mw.'' Fv
sap ]d-bp cq]s shfn-s-Sp-pXn\mbn Hmtcm
cq]-nepw {]Xn-cq-]\
- m-bn--]I
- mb asmcp cq]-am-bn,
63. D] CZw ssh XmZp Z[y-m-YhtWm f- izn
As-n A\p-cq-]\
- mbn `hn-p. C{, ]c-ta-iz-c
`ymap-hm-N- X
- t- Z-XZ- rnx ]iy--thm-NX
- v. BY
ambm-I-fm ({]--If
- m As-n \ma-cq-]--fm)
hW m- i m- i zn- \ m- Z [ o tN - f i zr w i nc x
Dm--s-Sp anYym-`n-am-\--em _lp-cq-]-\mbn Adn{]ssXycbXw. k hmw a[p {]thmN ZrXm-b
- b-s-Sp-p. Fs-m Ch\v iX--fpw, ]v C{n-bzmw bZv Z{km-h]n Iyw hman-Xn.
tXcn IpXn-c-I-sf--t]mse tN-s-n-p-v. lcnA-s\-bp Cu a[p-hns\ Z[yv Fp t]cp I--Ip-Xn-c-I-fpsS m\w hln-p C{n-b- Ch
BYh-W Aizn-I v ]d- p-s Im-Sp-p. A- Xs-b m-W v. ]pw At\-I m-b n-c hpw A\- - fpw
s\bp Cu Is Ip-sImv Ejn (a-{w) ]d- ChX-s. A-s\-bp Bm-hmb CXm-Wv, app
p--A-tbm Aizn-I-tf, \n Z[yv Fp t]cp asm-n-m- -Xpw- -Im-c- W-an-m-Xpw ]np asm-n-m-AYh-W\v Aiz-ns hI-bmb inc-ns\ {]Xn-K-ann- Xpw--Im-cy-an-m-Xpw CSbvp thsdm-n-m-Xpw ]pd-anp--]-Icw hp. Ah Xs {]Xn-sb ]cn-]m-en-p- m-Xpw Bb {_w. {_w, khm-m-hmbn khm Cn- p- sImv \nv Xzm-hns\ kw_-n a[p sbpw A\p-`-hn-p--Xmb Cu Bm-hm-Ip-p. CGtXm AXns\ ]d-p-X-p. Atbm Z{k-msc! i{Xp- s\-bmWv Fm thZm-- -fp-sSbpw D]-tZ-iw.
-fpsS _es bn-n-p--h-tc, As-n i{Xpsf lnwkn-p--htc! cl-ky-am-bn-p-Xv GtXm B
B-m-\-cq-]-amb a[p-hn-t\bpw \np ]d-p- Bdmw {_mWw
X- p.

64. D] CZw ssh X[p Z[y- m- Y htWm fizn`ym-ap-hm-N. XtZ-XZ- rnx ]iy--thm-NX
- v ]pct{I Zzn]Zx ]pc-t{I NXp-jv]Zx; ]pcx k
]o `qXzm ]pcx ]pcpj Bhni ZnXn. k hm
Abw ]pcpjx khm- k p- ] qi ]pcn- i bx;
ss\t\\ InwN\m-\ m-h rXw; ss\t\ InwN\m
kwhr-X w.

65. D] 1. AY hwix ]uXn-amtjym Ku]h\mZv,

Ku]-h\x ]uXn-am-jym-Xv, ]uXn-amtjym Ku]h-\m-Zv, Ku]-h\x Iuin-Im-Xv, IuinIx Iun\ym- X v , Iun\yx imneym. mneyx
Iuin-Im KuX-am-.

2. KuXa Bn- t hiym Zmn- t hiyx imn

eymm \`n-m-Xm-, \`n-mX B\-`n-m-Xm, Zm \`nmX B\- ` n- m- X m, Zm\- ` n- mtXm KuX- a m- Z v ,
A-s\-bp Cu a[p-hns\ Z[yv Fp ]d-bp
Ku X ax s s k X - h - { ] m- N o- \ - t bm- K ym- ` ymw ,
AYh- - W AiznIp ]d- p- s Im-S p- p. Cu
sskXh{]m-No-\-tbmKyu ]mcm-i -c ym-Xv. ]mcmIs Ip-sImv Ejn ]dp: ""cp Imep
itcym `mc-Zzm-Pm-Zv, `mc-ZzmtPm `mc-Zzm-Pm KuX]pc-sf Dm-n. \mep- Im- ep ]pc- sf Dm-n, ]pcam KuXtam `mc-Zzm-Pm-Z,v `mc-ZzmPx ]mcm-i-cymXv
Dm- n- b- Xn-\p-tijw BZy-am- bn, B Cuiz-c ]n
]mcm-i tcym ss_P-h m- ] m- b -\ m-Z v , ss_Phm
Bbn- on- v, ]pc-- fn {]th-in-p. A-s\-bp Cu
]mb\x Iuin-Im-bt\x

306

I 3.

Iuin-Im-b-\ nLrX Iuin-I m-Zv, LrX-I uin

Ix ]mcm-i-cym-b-Wm-Xv, ]mcm-i-cym-bWx ]mcmicym-Xv, ]cm-itcym PmXq-IWym-Zv, PmXq-IWy
Bkp-c m-b-W m bmkvI mm - f -f kpcm-b W
kv s s{Xh- t W, k v s s{Xh- W n- c u- ] - P - - t \,
cu]P\n-cm-k p-tc, cmkp-cn`m-cZ- zm-Pm-Zv, `mcZzmP Bt{X-bm, `mt{X-tbm-am-t, mnKuXamZv, KuXtam KuX-am-Zv, KuX-tam-hm-ym-Zv,
hmyx imn-eym-X v, imneyx ssItim
cymXv Im]ymXv ssItimcyx Im]yx Ipamc
lmcn-Xm-Xv, Ipam-c-lm-cntXm Kme-hm-Zv, Kme thm
hnZ`o-Iu-n-\ym-Zv, hnZ`n-Iunt\ym h\-]mtXm _m{`-hm-Zv, h-\-]mZv _m{`hx ]Yx
ku`-cmXv ]mx ku`tcm -f bmkym-Zm-MvKn-ckm-Z,v Abmky BMvKn-ck B`q-tXkv Xzm{mZv, B`q-XnkvX zm tdm hniz-c q-] m- z- v-dm,
hniz-cq-] kvXzmvtdm - f izn`ym, aizn-\ u-Z-[oN
AYhmWmZv, Z[y-m-YhtWm f- YhtWm
ssZhm, ZYhssZthm artXymx {]m[zw k\m,
arXypx {]m[zw k\x {][zw-k-\m-X v, {][z-k\
GItj, tcIjnhn- { ]- N n- t , n{]- N nnhy-t, ymnx k\mtcmx, k\mcpx k\mX-\m-Xv, k\mX\x k\-Km-Xv, k\Kx ]c-ta-n\:
]ctajvTn{_--tWm, {_ kzbw`qx {_tW
\ax

A\-cw {_-hn-Zy-bpsS BNm-cy-]c

- -c ]d-b-sSpp:- ]uXn-am-jy Ku]-h\
- -\-\n \npw Ku]-h-\
]uXn-am-j y-\ n\n-pw, ]uXn-a m-j y Ku]-h -\ -\ n
\npw, Ku]-h - \ Iuin- I -\ n\n- pw, Iuin-I
Iun-\y-\n\n- pw, Iun-\y imn-ey-\n\npw, imn-ey sIuinI-\n\npw KuX-a-\n\n-pw,
KuX-a Bn-th-iy-\n\n-pw, Bn-th-iy imney-\n\npw A\-`n-m-X-\n\n-pw, A\-`n-m-X B\`n-m-X-\n\n-pw, B\-`n-m-X B\-`n-m-X-\n\n-pw,
B\-`n-m-X KuX-a-\n\n-pw, KuX-a sskX-h-\n\npw {]mNo-\-tbm-Ky-\n\n-pw, sskX-h\pw {]mNo-\-tbmKy\pw ]mcm-i-cy-\n\n-pw, ]mcm-i-cy `mc-Zzm-P-\n\npw, `mc-Zzm-P `mc-Zzm-P-\n\npw KuX-a-\n\n-pw,
KuX-a `mc-Zzm-P-\n\npw `mc-Zzm-P ]mcm-i-cy-\n\npw, ]mcm-i-cy ss_P- hm-]m-b-\n\n-pw, ss_P-hm-]mb-\ Iuin-Im-b-\n\n-pw, Iuin-Im-b-\n-Lr-X-Iu-inI ]mcm-i-cym-b-W-\n\n-pw, ]mcm-i-cym-b-W ]mcm-icy-\n\n-pw, ]mcm-i-cy PmXq-IWy-\n\n-pw, PmXqIWy Bkp-cm-b-W-\n\npw bmkvX- \n\n-pw,
Bkp-cm-b-W ss{Xh-Wn-bn\n-pw, ss{XhWn Hu]-P-\ n-b n\n- pw, Hu]-P- \n Bkp-c n-b n\n- pw,
Bkpcn `mc-Zzm-P-\n\npw, `mc-Zzm-P- Bt{X-b.-\n\npw, Bt{X-b amn-bn\n-pw, amn KuX-a-\n\npw, KuX-a hmy-\n\n-pw, hmy imn-ey-

\n\n-pw, imn-ey ssItim-cy-\mb Im]y-\n\npw, ssItim-cy-\mb Im]y Ipam-c-lm-cn-X- \n\n-pw,

Ipam-c-lm-cn-X Kme-h-\n\n-pw, Kme-h hnZ`n-Iun-\y- \n\npw hnZ`n Iun-\y _m{`-h-\mb h\-]m-n\n-pw, _m{`-h-\mb h-\-]mv ku`-c-\mb
]m-hn\n-pw, kuc-`\
- mb ]mhv BMvKn-c-k-\mb
Bbm-ky-\n\npw BMvKn-c-k-\mb Bbm-ky Xzm{\mb B`q-Xn-bn\n-pw, Xzm{-\mb B`qXn Xzm{-\mb
hniz-cq-]-\n\npw Xzm{-\mb hniz-cq- ] Aizn-I-fn\npw, Aizn- I Z[yMv F BY- W- \n\n- pw, Z[yv
F BY-W ssZh-amb AYm-hn\n-pw, ssZhamb AYmhv {]m[zw-k-\-\mb arXyp-hn\n-pw, {]m[zwk-\-\ mb arXyp {][zw-k -\ -\ n\n- pw, {][zw-k-\
GIjn-bn\n-p-w, GIjn hn{]-Nn-n-bn \npw,
hn{]-Nnn hrn-bn\n-pw, hyn k\m-cp-hn \npw,
k\mcp k\m-X-\-\n\npw k\m- X-\ k\-K-\n\n-pw,
k\- K ]c- t a- n- b n \n pw ]c- t ajv T n {_n\npw PmX-\m-bn. {_w kzbw-`q-h-\m-Ip-p. {_n\p \a-kvIm-cw.

aqmw Aymbw
Hmw {_mWw
1. D] Hmw P\tIm l sshtZtlm _lp-Zn
tW\ bt-t\-tP. X{Xl Ipcp-]-m-em\mw
{_Wm A`n-k-taXm _`qhpx. Xkyl P\Iky sshtZ- l ky hnm- k m- _ - ` q- h , Ix
kzntZ-tXjmw {_m-W\
- ma B Nm\-Xa CXn.
k l Khmw kl-{k-a-h-cp-tcm-[. Zi-Zi ]mZm
GssI-Ikymx irMvK-tbm-cm-_m _`qhpx.
hntZ-lm-[n-]-\mb P\-I hfsc Zn-W-bp-, Asn _lp-Z-n-W-sap t]cp- bw-sImv bPn-p.
B b-n Ipcp-tZ-ipw ]mm-e-tZ-i-p-ap
{_m-W hp-Iq-Sn. B P\-I\v ""Ch-cn Ghpw ]Tnp--h BcmWv?'' Fv Pnmk Dmbn Atlw
Bbncw ]ip-sf Ah-tcm-[np; sXmgp-p-c-bn tiJ-cnn-p. Hmtcm ]ip-hn-sbpw cp cp sImp-I- fn-epw-IqSn
]Xp-p Im ]ew (c--c--ew) kzw sI-s-n
-cp-p.

2. D] Xm tlmhmN- ""{_mWm `Khtm,

tbm thm {_njvTx k GXm Km DZP Xm''
anXn. tXl {_mWm \ Z[rjv Tx. AYl
bm-hevIyx kztah {_-Nm-cn-WaphmssN
Xmx tkmtaym-ZP kma-{i-hm CXn. XmtlmZmN-Im-c. tX l {_m-Wm-p-{Ip[px ""IYw t\m
{_njvtTm {_hoX?'' CXn. AYl P\-Iky
sshtZ- l ky tlmXm - f iztem _`qh, k
ssl\w ] {] ""Xzw \p t\m bmhevIy

307

{_njvtTm knx'' CXn. k tlm hmN:""\tam

hbw {_n-j vTmb Iptm tKmImam Gh
hbw kvax'' CXn. Xw l XX Gh {]pw Zt{[
tlmXm -f izex
B {_m-W-tcmSv P\-I ]dp: ""`K-hm-m-cmb
{_m-W-tc, \n-fn Ghpw {_m-hm-bn-cn-p--h
Btcm Atlw Cu tKmsf sXfn-p- sIm--s-kz Krln-tep ASn-p-sImp s]mbvsm-s'' Fv. B
{_m-W AXn\v ss[cy-s-n-. A\-cw bm-hevIy kzw {_-Nm-cn-tbm-Sp-Xs ]d-p. A-tbm,
kuay, kma-th-Zs {ihn-p--h-t\, Cu ]ip-sf
sXfn- p-sImp t]mhpI Fv. B ]ip-sf B {_Nmcn BNmcy Krl-n-tep sXfn-p-sIm-p-t]m-bn. B
{_m-W t{Im[n-p--F- s\ \psS Iq-n {_njvT Fv Hcp-h ]dbpw? A\--cw, hntZ-lm-[n-]-\mb
P\-Is tlmXm-hm-bn--E-Xzn-mbn Aiz- e Fsm-cm
Dm-bn-cp-p. Ah bm-h-evIy-t\mSp tNmZnp:
Atbm bm-hevIy \obmtWm \psS Iq-n
{_n-jT
v ? bm-h-eI
v y ]dp: \mw {_n-jT
v \v
\a-kvImcw sNp-p. \mw tKmsf B{K- ln-p--h
am{X-am-Ip-p. DS Xs tlmXm-hmb Aiz-e B
bmm-h-evIy-t\mSp tNmZn-m \n-bn-p.

3. D] bm- h tIy- X n- t lm- h m- N ""bZnZw

kw arXyp\m -f -f ]vXw; kw arXyp\m f `n]w; tI\ bP-am-t\m-a r-tXym-cm-]vXn-a-Xn-apNytX?'' CXn. tlm{XXznPm - f n\m hmNm.
hmssKz bky tlmXm; XtZybw hmIvtkm
f- banx; k tlmXm; kapnx km f- Xnapnx
""Atbm bm-hIy'' Fp kwt_m-[\ sNbvXnv, ]dp: ""Cu I-ns km[-\-amb EXznp apXem-b-sXmw arXyp-hn-\m kzm`m-hn-I-amb B kwK-tmSp-Iq-Snb I-cq-]a
- mb arXyp-hn-\m, B]vX-am-Ip-p,
hym]vX-am-Ip-p. Fmw arXyp-hn-\m hio-Ic
- n--s-n-cnbpw sNp-p. GXp Zji- \-cq-]- amb km[\w sImmWv, bP-am-\ arXyp-hns hym]vXnsb AXn-{I-anv ap\m-bn-o-cp-Xv?'' ""tlmXm-hmb EXznpw An-bp-amb
hmp-sIm-v.'' Fp bmhIy ]d-p. CXns
Aw ]d-bpp: bP- am-\s hmp-X-s-bmWv tlmXmhv. AXn Cu hmv GtXm AXmWv AXns A[n-ssZh-X-amb An. B An tlmXm-hm-Ip-p. B tlmXm-h,v
An-cq-]-n Zin--s-Sp B tlmXm-hv, apn-bmIpp; bP-am-\\p apn-km-[-\a
- m-Ipp. B apn AXnap-n-bm-Ipp; AXn-apn km[-\-am-Ip-p.

4. D] ""bm-hevtIy'' Xn tlmhmN ""bZnZw

k-a-tlm-c m-{Xm-` ym-am-] vX , kh-a-tlmcm{Xm
` ym- a - ` n- ] w ; tI\ - b - P - a mt\ m - f tl mc m{Xtbmcm]v X n- a - X n- a p- N ytX?'' CXn. ""A[z- pWXznPm Npjm -f -f ZntXy\; Npssh-

b- - k ym[zcyx; XZy- Z nXw Npx tkm - f

kmhm-ZnXyx; tkm f- [zcyx; kapnx; km -f Xn
apnx.

""b-h-eI
v y.'' Fp kwt_m-[\ sNbvXnv Aiz-e
]dp: ""Cubp--sXmw Atlm-cm-{X- -fm hym]vXam- Ip-p. Fm Atlm-cm-{X--fm A`n-]- -am-bn-cn-pp
(h-io-I-cn- -s-n- cn--s-n-cn- p-p.) GXp Zi-\w-sIm-mWv, bP-am-\ Atlm- cm-{X--fpsS B]vXn-sb, hym]vXnsb
AXn-{I-anv ap-\m-bn-o-cp-Xv? A[z-cy-shp EXznpw, Nppw Bb BZn-Xy-s\-smv'' Fv bmhIy ]d-p-Xp-S-n. ""bP-am-\s Np-p-X-s-bmWv. A[zcyp AXn Cu Npv GtXm AXmWv B BZnXy. B BZn-Xy A[z-cyp-hm-Ip-p. B A[zcyp apnbm-Ip-p-- apn km[-\-am-Ip-p. B apn AXn-ap-n-bmIp-p.

5. D] ""bm-htIyXn'' tlmhm-N ""bZnZw

khw ]q- ] m ] c- ] - m- ` ym- a m]v X w;
khw ]q- ] - m- ] - c - ] - m- ` ym- a - ` n- ] - w;
tI\bP-am\x ]qh-]-m-]-c-]--tbm-cm-]vXn-aXn-apNytX?'' CXn DZvK m-{X. XznPm hmbp\m
{]mtW\. {]mtWm ssh b-tkym-ZvKmXm;
XZvtbm -f bw {]mWx k hmbpx; k DZvKmXm;
kapnx; km f- Xnapnx.
""bm-hIy'' Fp kwt_m-[\ sNbvXv Aiz- e
]dp: ""Ch-sbmw ]qh-]
- -mepw A]c ]mepw hym]vX-am-Ip-p. Fmw ]qh-]--mepw A]c-]-- mepw hio-I-cn- -s-n-cn-p-p. GXp Zi-\w-sImm-Wv, bP-am-\ ]qh ]qh-]
- -n-tbpw A]-c-]-n-sbpw hym]vXnsb AXn-{I-anp ap-\m-bn-o-cpXv?'' ""DZvKmXmsh EXznpw hmbphpw Bb {]mW-s\sm-v. b-ns (b-P-am-\s) {]mWX- -s- bmWv
DZvKm-Xm-hv. AXn Cu {]mW GtXm AXp hmbp-hm-Ipp. B hmbp DZvKm-Xm-hm-Ip-p. B DZvKm-Xmhv apn-bmIpp (ap-n-km-[-\-am-Ip-p.) B apn AXn-apn km[\-am-Ip-p.''

6. D] bm-h-evtIyXn tlmhmN: ""bZnZ acn--a-\m-ca _W-anh; tI\ -f f- {ItaW bPam\x kzw temI-am-{I-atX?'' CXn. ""{_WXzn-Pm-a-\-km-N-t{-W. at\m sshbky
{_m; XZy-`nZw a\x, tkm -f kuN{x; k{_, kapnx km -f Xnapnx
""b-hevIy'' Fp kwt_m-[-\-sNbvXv Aiz-e
]d-p: ""Cu A-cow Bew-_- \- an-m--Xp-t]mse Ccnpp Fsmcp Ah-w-`w-sIm-m-W,v bP-am-\ kztem-Is B{I-an-p-Xv? {]m]n-p-Xv? {_m-sh
EXznpw a\pw Bb N{-s\-smv b-ns (bP-am-\-s) a\- p-X- s- bmWv {_m-sh EXzn-v, AXn

308

I Cu a\-s-Xv B N{-\m-Ip-p. B N{ {_m-sh

EXzn-m-Ip-p. B {_mhv apn-km-[\
- -am-Ip-p. B
apn AXn-ap-n-km-[-\a
- m-Ip-p.'' Cs\ AXn-tam-.

7. D] AY kZx
A\-cw k-p-I ]d-b-s-Sp-p.

8. D] bm-h-evtIyXn tlmhm-N ""IXn`nc-ba-ZyKv`ntlmXm -f kvan bt IcnjyXo''

Xn. ""Xnkr`n'' cnXn. ""IX-amkvXmkvXn{k'' CXn.
""]ptcm-\p-hm-IymN bmPymN isskyh XrXobm.'' ""Inw Xm`nP-bXn'' Xn ""bXv Inw tNZw
{]mW`r'' ZnXn.
""bm-hevIy'' Fp kwt_m-[\ sNbvXv Aiz-e
]dp: ""Cv, Cu b-n tlmXmhv F{X-Xcw EpI-sf-sm-mWv ikv{Xs iwkn-p-Xv? aqp-Xcw
Ep-I-sf-v'' Fp bm-h-eI
v y Dcw ]d-p.
""B aqv GsXmw?'' Fp Aize tNmZn-p. ""]ptcm-\phm-Iy-bpw-bm-Py-bpw, ikybpw Xs.'' Fv bm-hevIy adp-]Sn ]d-p. ""B Ep-I-sf-smv Fns\
Pbn-pp?'' Fv Aiz-e tNmZn-p. {]mW-\p-Xv GsXmtam AXns\ Fmw'' Fp bm-h-eI
v y adp-]Sn ]dp.

9. D] bm-h-evtIyXn tlmhmN IXybaZym[z-c y- c - k v an bB- l q- X otlm-j yXoXn.

Xn{k CXn. IX-am-kvXm-kvXn{k CXnbmlpXm
Dz-e- n, bm lqXm AXn-t\-ZtbmlqXm
AXn-ti-c-tX. Inw Xm`n-bXoXn. bm lqXm
Dze-n, tZh-tem-I-ta-h-Xm-`n PbXn; Zo]yX
Ch ln tZh-temIx bm lqXm AXn-tX-Zt
]nXr-tem-I-tah Xm`nP-b-Xn. AXoh ln ]nXrtemIx bm lqXm A[n-ti-ctX a\p-jy-tem-Itah Xm`nP-b-Xn. A[ Ch lna\p-jy-temIx

bmtWm tlman--s-m `qan-bn t]mbn-n-S-p-Xv

Ah- sb-smv a\p-jy-tem-I-s-s Pbn-pp a\pjy-temIw Xmsg nXn sNp--t]m- se-bm-Wtm Ccn-p-Xv.

10. D] bm-h-evtIyXn tlmhmN IXn`n cbaZy {_m- b - w- Z - n- W tXm tZh- X m- ` n

tKm]m-b Xo Xn. GImtb Xn. IXam ssktI
Xn. a\ Gth Xn. A\w sshat\m f- \m
hntiz tZhm, A\--tah ktX\ temIw PbXn.
bm-h evI y Fp hnfnv Aiz-e ]dp:
Ctm Cu {_m-hv, {_m-sh EXznv he-p-hiv Ccp- p- s Imv F{X- t Z- h - X - I - s f- s m- mWv
bs cn-p-Xv? Hcp tZh- X-sb-smv Fp- cw, B Hcp tZhX GXv? Fp tNmZyw. a\-p-Xs Fp- cw. a\p A\-- sap {]kn- -am-W- tm. hniz- -tZ-h-m
A\--m Fp ]kn--am-Wv. AXp-sIm-v, a\-ns\
hniz-tZ-h-m-cm-bn-m-Wp--Xp-sImv Ah (D-]m-k-I)
A\--amb temI-s-s Pbn-p-p.

11. D] bm-h-e vtIyXn tlmhmN: IXy batZym- KvZmXm f- kvan bt kvt Xm{Xnbmx
kv t XmjyXo Xn. Xn{k C Xn IX - a mk v X m
kvXn{k CXn. ]ptcm -f \phmIym N bmPym N
isskyh XrXo-bm. IX-amkvXm bm A[ym
anXn. {]mW Gh ]ptcm\p hmIym; A]mt\m
bmPym; hym\x ikym. Inw Xm`nPbXo Xn.
]rYn-ho-tem-I-tah ]ptcm-\ p-hm-Iymbm PbXn;
A-co- -temIw bmPy-bm, ZyptemIw ikybm. XtXm l tlmXm -f ize D]-c-cma

bm-h evI y Fp hnfnv Aiz-e ]dp:

Ctm Cu b-n Cu DZvKm-Xmhp F{X kvtXm{Xnb-Isf kvX pXn- pp? aqv Fp--c w. B aqv
GsXmw? Fp ]nsbpw tNmZyw. ]ptcm-\p-hmIybpw
b-hevIy Fp kwt_m-[\ sNbvXv Aiz-e bmPybpw; aqm-a-tXv iky-Xs Fp--cw. Aym]dp: Cv Cu b-n Cu A[zcyp F{X Blq- -ambn Ah GsXmw? Fp tNmZyw. ]ptcm-\p-hmIy
Xn-Isf tlman-pp? aqv Fp bm-he
- vIy ]d- {]mWX-s. bmPy A]m-\-\m-Ip-p. iky hym\-\mWv
p. B aqv GsXmw? Fv Aiz- e tNmZn-p. Gh- Fp--cw. Ah-sb-smv Fns\ Pbn-pp? Fp
bmtWm lqX-I-fm-bnp Dz-en-p-Xv Ah-bpw, Gh- tNmZyw. ]ptcm-\p-hm- Iy-sImp ]rYn-ho- tem- Is Pbn- pbmtWm lpX-I-fm-bnv Dzen-p-Xv Ah-bpw, Gh- p. bmPy-sImp A- co--tem- Is Pbn-p- p. ikybmtWm lpX- I- fm-bnv Ghpw i_vZn- p-Xv Ahbpw Gh- sImv Zyptem-Is Pbn- pp bm-h- eI
v y Dcw
bmtWm tlman--s-m Iogvt]m-p-t]mbn `qan-bn InS- \In. A\-cw tlmXm- hmb Aiz- e D]-c- an-p-- A-S- n.
p-Xv Ahbpw Fv Dcw ]d-p. B Blq-Xn-I-sfsmv Fns\ Pnb-pp? Fp tNmZyw. Gh-bmtWm
tlman- - s- m Dz-en- p-Xv Ah-sb-smv tZh- tem- cmw {_mWw
Is Pbn-p-p. tZh-temIw {]Im-in-p-- Xp-t]m-se-bp12. D] AY ssl\w Pmc-XvIm-ch B-`mKx
-XmW-tm. Gh-bmtWm tlman--s-m A[nI i_vZn] {] ;
bm - h tIyX n
tl mhmN -s-Sp-Xv Ah-sb-mv ]nXr-tem-I-s-s PbnIXn{Klmx? IpXy- X n- { Klmx? CXn. Au
p-p. ]nXr-temIw Ghpw i_vZn-p--Xm-Wtm. Gh-

309

{Klmx Am-h-Xn-{Klmx CXn. tb tX f- u

{Klm Am-h-Xn-{Klmx ImXta tX? CXn.
A\--cw, Aiz-e hnc-an- X
- ns tijw, Ch-t\m-Sv,
bm-hIy-t\mSv Pcm-cp-hns tKm{X-n P\n
B-`m-K, EX-`m- Ks ]p{X tNmZn-p-t]m. bmhevIy Fp kwt_m-[\ sNbvXv Abm ]dp: {Kl F{X? AXn-{K-l- F{X? Fv. {Kl- Fv
AXn-{K-l- Fv Fp D-cw. B Fp {Kl-fpw
Fv AXn-{K-l-fpw GsXmw? Fv B-`m-K-h
hopw tNmZn-p.

13. D] {]mtWm ssh {Klx, tkm f- ]mt\ \mXn

{KtlW KrloXx; A]m-t\\ ln Km Pn
{LXn.

lkvX- {Kl- am-Ip- p. B {Klw I-am-Ip AXn{K-l-m {Kln--s-n-cn-p-p. lkvXwsIm-m-Wtm

Is sNp--Xv.
Xzv {Kl-am-Ip-p. B {Klw kv]iam-Ip AXn-{Kl-m {Kln--s- n-cn-p-p. Xzp-sIm- m-Wtm
kv]i-sf a\-n-emp--Xv. Ch-bmWv Fv {Kl- epw
Fp AXn-{K-l--fpw.

15. D] bm - h - e v t IyXn tlmhm- N bZnZw

khw artXym- c w; ImkzXv km tZhXm
bkym arXyp-c w? CXn. Anssh-arXypx;
tkm -f ]maw; A]-]p-\rXypw PbXn

bm - h ev I y F p hnfnp B- ` m- K - h
tNmZnp: Cu hymIy-X-amb PKv apgp-h arXyp-hn\p
{]mW {Kl-am-Ip-p. B {]mW-\m-Ip {Klw A]m- A- am-Ip-p. GXp tZh-X-b
v mtWm arXyp A- am-bn-cn\ BIp AXn-{K-l- m {Kln-- s- n- cn- p- p. A]m- p--Xv, B tZhX GXm-bn-cnpw? An arXyp-hm-W-tm.
\s\ Im-Wtm K-sf temIw {LWn-p--Xv.
B An Ap-Iv A- am-bn-cn-p-p. arXyp-hn-s\-bmIs ]pcp-j-{]-b-Xv\-m Pbn-mw.

14. D] hmssKz {Klx; k \mav\m f- Xn {KmtlW

KrloXx; hmNm ln \mam-\ yp-` n-h -Z-Xn. Pnlzm
ssh {Klx; k ctk\ -f Xn{Km-tlW KrloXx;
Pnlzbm ln ckm hnPm-\ mXn Npssh
{Klx; k cqt]- W mXn {KmtlW KrloXx;
Npjm ln cq]mWn ]iyXn t{im{Xw ssh
{Klx; k i_vtZm-\ mXn {KmtlW KrloXx;
t{imt{XW ln i_vZmRv ir tWmXn. at\m
ssh {Klx; k Imta-\mXn {KmtlW KrloXx;
a\- k mln Imam Ima-b -tX. lkvX u ssh
{Klx; k IWm - f Xn{Km-tlW KrloXx;
lkvXm`ymw ln I Itcm-Xn. XzssKz {Klx;
k kv]ti-\m-Xn-{Km-tlW KrloXx; Xz Nm ln
kv]im thZ-b-tX. CtXytX -f u {Klmx;
BhXn {Klmx.

hmv {Kl-am-Ip-p. B {Klw \ma-am-Ip AXn-{K-lm {Kln--s-n-cn-p-p. hmp-sIm-m-Wtm \masf ]d-bp--Xv.

Pnlz {Kl-am-Ip-p. B {Klw ck-am-Ip AXn-{K-lm {Kln--s-n-cn-p-p. Pnlz-sIm-m-Wtm cksf ]d-bp--Xv.
Npv {Kl-am-Ip-p. B {Klw cq]am-Ip AXn-{Kl-m {Kln--s-n-cn-p-p. Npp-sIm-m-Wtm
cq]sf ]d-bp--Xv.

16. D]--bm--h-etv IyXn tlmhm-N b{Xm-bw ]pcptjm- { an- b X DZ- k v a mXv {]mWmx {Imaym
tlmZ\? CXn. t\ Xn tlmhm-Nb
- m-hevIyx.
Ass{X-h-k-a-h-\ o-b-t, k D zbXzm-[ va m-bXym-[vamtXm arXx titX.
bm hev I y F p hnfnp B - ` m- K - h
tNmZnp: Ftm-gmtWm Cu {_-hn-mb ]pcp-j acnp-Xv Atm Ch-\n\np {]mW- D{I-an-pptm? AtXm Ctbm? C Fp bm-h-evIy ]dp. Chn-sS-s Hmbn tNcp-p. ]c-am-m-hn-t\mSp
tNp ebn-p-p. Ah hop-p. Imp-sImp \ndbp-p. Imv Ib-dn-\n-dp \nt--\m-bn-n-S-p-p.

17. D] bm-h-evtIy-Xn-tlm-hm-N b{Xmbw ]pcptjm-{an-b -tX IntaXw \ Plm-X oXn\mta-X n.

A\w ssh \mam-\-m-hntiztZhmx A\-tah ktX\ temIw PbXn
bm-hevIy Fp hnfnv B-`m-K-h tNmZnp:
""Cu ]pcp-j acn-p-tm Chs\ hnp-]n-cn-bm-Xn-cnpXv FmWv?'' ""\maw'' Fp bm-h-eI
v y ]d-p.
\maw B\--am-Ip-p. hntiz-tZ-h-m A\-- m-cm-Ip-p.
AXp- sImv hntiz-tZ-h-msc Xm\mbn ImWp--Xp-sImv
Ah A\--amb temI-sXs Pbn-p-p.

18. D] bm-h tIyXn tlmhm-N b{Xmky

]pcpj kyarX kymnhmK- t ]y- X n, hmXw
{]mW, p-cm-Zn-Xyw, a\--{w, Znix t{im{Xw,
]rYnhow ico-c, amIm-i-amu j[otemam\n,
h\- k v ] - X o- tImix, A]v k p- t em- l nXw N
a\p {Kl-am-Ip-p. B {Klw Ima-am-Ip AXn-{K-ltcX \n[o-btX; Izmbw XZm ]pcp-tjm`hXn?
m {Kln--s-n-cn-p-p. a\psIm-m-Wtm ImaCXn. Blc tkmay, lkvXa
- m`mKm, -f ft{im{Xw {Kl-am-Ip-p. B {Klw i_vZam-Ip AXn{K-l- m {Kln--s-n-cn- p-p. t{im{Xw-sIm-m-Wtm
i_vZ-sf ]d-bp--Xv.

sf ]d-bp--Xv.

310

hmta- s sh-X ky thZn- j ym-t hm, \ \mthXXv

kP\ CXn. Xu tlmXv{I-ay a{bmw N {ImtX.
Xu lb-Zq-NXpx I sslh-XZ- q-NXpx; AY
bXv { ]- i - i w- k Xpx I sslh XXv {]i
iwkXpx ]ptWym ssh ]ptWy\ IWm
`hXn, ]m]x ]mt]-t\-Xn. XtXml Pmc-XvIm-ch
B-`mK D]-c-cm-a.
bm-hIy F hnfnv B-`m-K- h tNmZnp:
Ftm-gmtWm arX-\mb Cu ]pcp-js hmv Ansb
A]n-K-an- p--Xv, An-bn ebn-p--Xv, {]mW hmXsbpw Npv BZn-Xy-s \bpw a\p N{-s\bpw
t{im{Xw Znp-I-sfbpw icocw ]rYn-hn-sbbpw Bmhv
BIm-i-sbpw tcma- Hmj-[n-I-sfbpw tIi-
hr--sfbpw A]-K-an-p--Xv, chpw iphpw ApI-fn \nt- ]n--s-Sp--Xv, Atm Cu ]pcp-j FhnsS- b m-I pp? Fns\ B{i- b nn- c n- pp? Fv .
skuay\mb B-`m-K, ssIX-cnI! \mw cp-t]cpw
am{Xw CXns\ kw_- nv \ncq-]Ww sNmw. \apv CXv
P\- Dn-S-p-hv ]mSn-. F bm-hIy ]dp. Ah D{I-an-n-v, Bfp ep \nv t]mbnv
a{n-p. Ah Fp-]-d-pthm AXns\ tIp! Is--s-bmWv Ah AhnsS ]d-X
- v. A\-cw
GXns\ {]iw-kn-pthm AXp tIpI! I-s-s- bmWv Ah AhnsS {]iw-kn-X
- v. ]pWy-amb IwsImv ]pWy-\m-bn-o-cp-p. ]m]-amb Iw-sImp
]m]\m-bn-o-cp- p. A\-cw Pc-XvIm-cp-tKm-{X-P-\mb
B-`m-K- D]-c-an-p--hn-c-an-p.

aqmw {_mWw
19. D] Ah ssl\w `qPypem-lym-b\nx ]{]-
bm-hevtIy Xn tlm hmN at{Zjp NcImx
] c y- { h- P m- a . tX ] X - e k y Im] yk y
Krlmss\-a. Xky -f -f koZv ZplnXm KhKrloXm. Xa ]rma tIm - f ko Xn. tkm -f
{_hoXv kp[\zm -f f- MvKnck CXn. Xw bZm
temIm\ma- m\ ]rm- a m- s sY- \ a ]rma
Iz]mcnnXm A`-h-n-Xn. Iz]m-cn-nXm A`h? k Xzm ]rman bm-h-evIy, Iz ]mcnnXm A`-h-nXn

tKm{X-n BMvKn-c-k-\mb kp[-\zmhp Fv ]d-p.

Ah-t\mSv temI--fpsS AXn-cp-Isf tNmZn-t- m Iqn ]mcn-n- X- m Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cpp? Fv R
tNmZn-p. ]mcn-n- X-m Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cpp Fv Ah
Rp ]d-p-X-p. Atbm bm-hevIy B
Rm \ntmSp tNmZn-p-p, ]mcn-n-X-m Fhn-sS-bmbn- cpp?

20. D] ktlm-hm-Nm DhmN ssh tkm -f K

ssh tX XZv bm{Xm-iz-ta-[m-bmPn t\mK-
- oXn
Zzm{Xnw-i Xw ssh tZh-c-Ym-y-m\ybw temIx
Xw kaw ]rYnho ZznkvXm-hXv ]tcy-Xn. Xmw
kaw ]rYnhow ZznkvXm-hXv kap{Zx ]tcyXn.
\`ym-hXo pcky [mcm bmhZzm anImbmx
] {X w X mhm- \ - - t c W - f Imi x X m\ n{Zx
kp]tm `qXzm hmbth {]mb- Xv Xm
hmbpcm\n [nXzm X{Xm-K-a-b Zv b{Xm-iz-ta[
bmPnt\m -f `hn tXyh-anh ssh k hmbp
tah {]iiw-k. Xkvam-Zzm-bp-tch hynhbpx
kanx. A]- ] p- \ rXypw PbXn b Ghw
thZXtXml `qPypem-lym-b-\n-cp-] -c-cm-a.
b-h-evIy ]dp: B K ]d-Xv,
Ah ]mcn- n-X- m, Fhn-sS-bm- tWm, Aiz-ta-[w-sImp
bPn-p--h t]mIp-Xv AhnsS t]mbn. Fm-Wv. Aizta-[w- sImp bPnp- - h Fhn- sS-bmWp t]mIp- - sXp
]d-bmw. Cu temIw ap-n-cv tZh-c-Ym-y- BWv.
B temI-n\p Nppw AXns cp-a-Sp ]cn- am-W-n
]rYnhn InS-p-p. B ]rYn-hnp Nppw B ]rYnhn-bpsS
]cn-am-W-ns cn-cn hen--n kap{Zw InSp-p.
]ns, I-n-bpsS hmbve F{X ]cn-am-W-ap--Xm-tWm,
As-n Cu-bpsS NndIv GXp ]cn-am-W-ap--XmtWm
A{X-bpw, As-n AtX ]cn-am-W-ap--XmWv a[y-nep BIm-iw. B Aiz-ta-[-bm-Pn-I-sf, C{, ]c-ta-izc, Aiz-ta-[ - n Nbn- -s An ]n-b m-bnonv hmbp-hns ] Gev]n-p. hmbp Ahsc
Xs cq]-n-em-n-bnv ap]p t]mb Aiz-ta-[-bm-Pn-I
Fhn-sS-bmtWm Ccp-n-p--Xv, AhnsS Fn-p. Cs\
B Kh hmbp-hns\ {]iw-kn-p. AXn-\m hmbp
Xs-bmWv ]e {]Im-c-n hym]n-n-cn-pXv; hmbphmWv tIh-e-amb kq{Xmm-hmbn nXn sNp--Xv.
BcmtWm Cs\ Adn-bp-Xv Ah hop-ap acWs A]-P-bn-p-p. A\-cw emlys A]-Xy-amb
`qPyp AS-n.

A\-cw ely-s A]-Xy-amb emlys A]-Xy-amb

`qPyp F B bmh-evIy-t\mSv tNmZn-p. bmhevIy Fp kwt_m-[\ sNbvXnv Ab ]dp: a{ZtZ-i--fn Nc-I-m-cm-bnv (E-Xzn-p-I Bbn-v) R
\memw {_mWw
k-cn-n-cp-p. As\ k-cn-p-sIm-n-cp R
I]n-tKm-{X-Pm-X-\mb ]X--es Krl-n t]mbn-cp-p. 21. D] AY ssl\-ap-j-kvX
- m-{Im-bWx ]{]
Ahs ]p{Xn Hcp Kh-\m {Kln--s-n-cp-p. B
bm-h - e vtIyXn tlmhmN: bm- m- Z]
Kh-t\mSv \o BcmWv? Fv R tNmZn-p. Ah,
tcmmZv {_, b Bm-khm--ckvXw ta

311

hymNz CXn. Gj X Bm khmcx,

IX tam bm - h - e v y, k c x? bx
{]mtW\ {]mWnXn k X Bm khm--tcm,
tbm -f ]mt\-\m-]m-\oXn k X Bm khm-tcm, tbm hymt\\ hym\oXn k X Bm
khm--tcm, b DZm-t\-t\m-Zm\nXn k X Bm
khm-cx; Gj X Bm khm-cx.

km--c-am-bn-p--Xv. CsXm-gnp ap-Xv B-am-Ipp, hn\m-in-bm-Ipp Fv bm-h-evIy ]d-p. A\cw Nm{Im-b-W-\mb Dj-kvX D]-c-an-p, AS-n.

Amw {_mWw

23. D] AY ssl\w Itlmex Iujo-X -tIbx

]{]; bm-h -e vt IyXn tlmhm- N . btZh
A\-cw N{Is A]-Xy-amb Dj-kvX bm-hkmm-Z-]-tcm-mZv {_b Bm kmevIyt\mSp tNmZnp: bm-hevIy Fp hnf-Cv Ah
ckv X w ta hymNtz Xn. Gj X Bm
]dp: GXmtWm kmm-m-bpw, asm-n-\m {`mkhm- cx IXtam bm- h ev I y, khmhn\npw ad-bv-s-Sm--Xm-bpw, KuW-a-m--Xmbpw
tc? tbm -f i\m-bm-]n-]m-tk, timIw, tamlw,
D {_w, GXmtWm Fm- n- \p- ap Bm- hv, AXns\
Pcmw arXyp-a-tXy-X n. GXw ssh Xamm\w
F\np kv]- ambn ]d-p-X-cn-I. \ns Imcy-Im-c-W-kwhnZnXzm {_Wmx ]pss{X-jWmbm hnssL-ns Cu Bm-hmWv k-n\pw Dn-ep-Xv
j-Wm-bm temssI-j-Wmbm hypm-bmY
Fp bm-h-eI
v y ]d-p. bm-hevIym GXmWv
`nm-Ncyw Nc-n. b tlyh ]pss{X-jWm km
Fm-n\pw Dn-ep--Xv. Dj-kX
v ]nsbpw tNmZnp:
hnss-j-Wm, bm hnssjWm km temssIGXmtWm {]mW-s\-smv {]mW-tN-jvSsb sNp--Xv,
jWm; Dt` tlytX GjtW Gh `hXx.
B Bm-hmWv km--c-am-bn-p--Xv. GXmtWm A]mXkv a mZv {_mWx ]m nXyw \nhnZy
\-s\-smv A]m-\n-p-Xv B Bm-hmWv km-- c_mtey\ XnjvTm-tkXv; _meyw N ]mnXyw
am-bn-p--Xv. GXmtWm hym\-s\-smp hym\n-p-Xv
N \nn-Zym-Ya
- p\n; Aau\w N au\w N \nhnB Bm-hmWv km-- c-am-bn-p--Xv. GXmtWm DZm-\ZymY {_mWx k{_- m Wx tI\ kymXv
s\-smv DZm-\n-p-Xv B Bm-hmWv km--c-amtb\kymt-t\-Zri Gh AtXm -f \y`mw
bn-p-X
- v. A-s\-bp \ns Bm-hm-W,v Imcy-Im-cXtXm, l Itlmex IujoX tIb D]-c-cm-a.
W-k-ML
v mX-ns Bm-hmWv khm-- c-am-bn-p--Xv.
A\-cw bm-h-eI
v y-t\mSv Ipjn-X-Is ]p{X-\mb
Itlm-e F {_mlm-a-W tNmZn-p. bm-h-evIy,
Fp hnfnp Abm ]dp: GXp-X-s- bmtWm {Zmhn \nv Ahy-h-ln-X-ambpw apJy-am-bp-ap {_w,
GXmtWm kh-n\pw Dn-ep Bm-h,v B Bmhns\ F\np hymJym-\n- p-X-cn-I. Cu \ns Bm-hmWv
km-- c-am-bn-p-Xv? Fp bmh-evIy ]d-p.
Atbm bm-h-eI
v ym, GXmWv km--c-am-bn-p-Xv
Fp ]nsbpw Itlm-e tNmZn-p. GXm-m-hmtWm
Ai-\m-i-tb-bpw, ]n]m-k-tb-bpw, timI-t-bpw, Ima-tbpw, taml-t-bpw, {`a-t-bpw, Pc-tbbpw Imcy-Ic
- -Wk-MvLm-X-ns hn]-cn-Wm-a-tbpw arXyp-hn-t\bpw
N{Is ]p{X-\mb Dj-kvX ]dp: F{]-Im-c- Imcy-Im-cW kMvLm-X- ns hnt-Z-tbpw AXn-{I-anamtWm AXmWv Imf AXmWv IpXnc Fv amn--d-bp-- p--Xv, Ah-\mWv km--c-\mb Bm-hv. A-s\Xv, An-s\-X-s-bmWv Cu {_w hy]-tZ-in--s--Xv. bp Cu Bm-hns\ Adn-nv {_m-W ]pss{X- jGXmtWm kmm-mbpw A]-tcm-- am-bp-ap {_w, W-bn\npw hnss-jW
- -bn\npw temssI-j-WGXmtWm km--c-amb Bmhv AXns\ F\np bn \npw hypm\w sNbvXn-v--]nXn-cn-n-v--`n-mhymJym-\n-p-X-cn-I. Cu \ns Bm-hmWv km--c-am- N-cys Ncn--Ww. ]pss{X-jW GXmtWm AXp-X-sbn-p- Xv Fp bm- h- evIy ]d- p. Atbm bm- bmWv hnss-jW; hnss-jW GtXm AXmWv
hevIy GXmWv km--c-am-bn-p-Xv? Fp Dj-kvX temssI-j-W. km[y-sapw km[-\-sap ]d-bp Ch
hopw tNmZnp: Zrn-bp-sS, euIn-In-bmb Zrn-bpsS cpw Gj-W-I Xs BIp- p. AXn-\m {_m-W
{Zm-hns\ \o ImWp-I-bn-. {ipXn-bp-sS, {ih-W
- ns ]mn-Xy-s--{_--hn-m-\-s, \ntjw Adnnv,
t{imXm-hn-s\, \o {ihn--bn-. aXn-bpsS am-hns\ \o km-Zn-n-v, _e-`m-h-tm-Sp-IqSn nXn-sN-m Cn-a\\w sNp-Ib
- n-. hnm-Xn-bpsS hnm-\
- ns Ww. _e-`m-h-tbpw ]mn-Xy-sbpw \ntjw kmhnm-Xm-hns\ \o Adn-bp-I-bn-. Cu \ns Bm-hmWv Zn-nv ap\n-bm-bn-Xo-cp-p. Aau-\-tbpw au\-tbpw

22. D] ktlm-hm-tNm-j-k vX
- m-{Im-btWm bYm
hn{_ qbm Zk u Ku c - k m- h i z C tX y- h tasshXZv hy]-Znw `h-Xn. btZh km mZ]tcmmZv {_ b Bm khm--ckvXw
ta hymNz CXn. Gj X Bm khm-cx
IX tam bm - h - e v y, k hm- c x?
\Zrt{Z-mcw ]tiyx; \ {iptXx t{imXmcw
irWpbmx; \ atX-mcw a\zoYmx; \ hnmtX hnm-Xmcw hnPm-\obmx Gj X Bmk hm c x; A tX m - f \ yZm w X tX m
tlmjkvX m{Im-b W D]-c-cm-a.

312

I \ntjw km-Zn-nv {_m-W-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah

Fp kam-Nm-c-tm-Sp-IqSn {_m-Wm-bn-ocpw? Fp
tNmZyw. GXp kam-Nm-c-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-p-pthm B
kam-Nm-c-tm-Sp-IqSn {_m-W-\m-bn-ocpw. Cu {_mWym-h-m-\-n\n-v, A\y-am-bn-p-Xv B-am-Ipp--hn-\m-in-bm-Ip-p. A\-cw Ipjn-X-Is ]p{X-\mb
Itlm-e hnc-an-p.

Bdmw {_mWw
24. D]--AY ssl\w KmKo htN-Iv\ho ]{].
bm-h -e v tIyXn tlmhm- N .- -b -ZnZw kha]vtkzmXw N t{]mXw N; Ikvan \p Jezm]
HmXm t{]mXmt Xn. hmbu KmoXn.
Ikvan \pJep hmbp-t cm-X t{]mXtXn.
A-cn--tem-tIjp KmKo Xn. Imkvan \p
Jey- -c n- -temIm HmXm t{]mXmt Xn.
Kh-tem-tIjp KmKo Xn. Ikvan \p Jep
Kh- t emIm HmXm t{]m Xmt Xn.
BZnXy temtIjp KmKo Xn. Ikvan \p
Jeym-Zn-Xy-temIm HmXm t{]mXmt Xn. N{tem-tIjp KmKo Xn. Ikvan \p Jep N{te mIm HmX m t{] mX mt X n. \ {X
temtIjp KmKo Xn. Ikvan\p Jep \-{XtemIm HmXm t{]mXmtXn. tZh-tem-tIjp
KmKo Xn. Ikv a n \p Jep tZh- t emIm
HmXm t{]mXmt Xn. C{-tem-tIjp KmKo
Xn. Ik v a n \p Je zn{- t e mIm HmX m
t{]mXmt Xn. {]Pm-]Xn temtIjp KmKo Xn.
Ikv an\p Jep {]Pm-] Xn temIm HmXm
t{]mXmtXn. {_- t em- t Ijp KmKo Xn.
Ik van \ p J e p {_ - t e mIm HmX m
t{]mXmt Xn.
A\-cw Cu bm-hIy-t\mSv hN-Iv\p-hns
]p{Xn- bmbn KmKn tNmZnp: bm-hIy Fp kwt_m[\ sNbvXv Ah ]dp: Cm-Wp ]mn-h-am-bp-sXmw Ap- I-fn HmX-ambpw t{]mX-ambpw (A-Xm-bXp
s\Sp-Ibpw Ipdp-sIbpw ]nW-v) Ccn-p-p. Ap-I
GsXm- n-emWv HmX- -fmbpw t{]mX-- fmbpw Ccn- p-Xv?
Fv tNmZn-p. Atbm KmKn, hmbp-hn-em-Ipp'' Fv
bm-hIy Dcw ]d-p. ""hmbp GsXm-n- emWv
HmX-ambpw t{]mX-ambpw Ccn-p-Xv?'' Fp tNmZn-p. ""
Atbm KmKn, A-co--tem-I
- -fn-em-Ipp F
Dcw \In. A-co-- tem-I- GsXm- n-emWv HmXfpw t{]mX--fp- am-bn-cn- p-Xv? Fp tNmZyw. Atbm
KmKn K-tem-I--fn-em-Ipp Fp--cw. Ktem-I
- GsXm-n-emWv HmX-fpw t{]mX--fp-am-bn-cnp-Xv Fp tNmZyw. Atbm KmKn, BZnXytem-I
- fnem-Ipp Fp- -cw. BZn-Xytem- I- GXn-emWv HmX-

fpw t{]mX--fp- am-bn-cn- p-Xv? Fp tNmZyw. Atbm

KmKn N{-tem-I--f n-em-Ipp Fp--cw. N{-tem-I Fn-emWv HmX--fmbpw t{]mX--fm-bp-an-cn-bvpXv? Fp tNmZyw Atbm KmKn, \-{X-tem-I--fnem-Ipp Fp--cw. \-{X-tem-I- GsXm-n-em-W,v
HmX-fpw t{]mX--fp-am-bn-c n-pXv Fp tNmZyw.
Atbm KmKn, tZh-tem-I--fn Fp-cw tZh-temI- GsXm-n- emWv HmX- fpw t{]mX--fp-am-bn-cn-pXv? Fp tNmZyw Atbm KmKn, C{-tem-I--fn
Fp- -cw. C{-tem-I- Fn- emWv HmX-fpw t{]mX-fp-am-bn-cn-p-Xv? Fp tNmZyw Atbm KmKn, {]Pm]Xn temI--fn Fp--cw. {]Pm-]-Xn-tem-I- FnemWv HmX--fpw - t{]m-X--fp-am- bn-cn- pXv? Fp tNmZyw.
Atbm KmKn, {_-tem-I--fn Fv D-cw. {_tem-I- Fn-emWv HmX- fpw t{]mX--fp-am-bn-cn-pXv? Fp tNmZyw. bm-h-evIy ]dp: Atbm
KmKn, AXn-{]iv\w sNm-Xn-cn-p-I. \ns aqmhv hn]Xn-bvm-Xn-cn-b
v -s. AXn {]iv\-n\v hnj-b-a-m tZhX-sb-p-dn-mWv \o AXn-{]iv\w sNp-Xv. Atbm
KmKn sNm-Xn-cn-p-I. A\-cw hN-Iv\p-hns ]p{Xnbmb KmKn AS-n.

Ggmw {_mWw
25. D] AY ssl\-a p- m- e I BcpWnx ]{];
bmhtIyXn tlmhm-N at{Z-jz-h-kma]X-eky Im]yky Krtljp b a[obm\mx;
Xkym -f -f koZv `mcym Kh-Kr-lnX; Xa]rma tIm f- ko Xn; tkm -f {_hoXv I_
BYhW CXn. tkm -f {_hoXv ]Xew
Im]yw bmn-Imw- th \p Xzw Im]y,
XXv kq{Xw, tb\mbw N temIx ]civN temIx
khmWn N `qXm\n ky-_v[m\n `ho Xn.
tkm -f {_hoXv ]X-ex Imt]ym\mlw XZv
`K-h, thtZ Xn. tkm -f {_hoXv. ]X-ew
Im]yw-bm--nImw th\pXzw Im]ym Xa-cym-an-Ww, b Caw N temIw ]cw NtemIw
khmWn N `qXm\ntbm -f tcm ba-bXo Xn.
tkm f- {_hoXv ]Xex Imt]ym \mlw Xw
`K-h, thtZ Xn. tkm f- {_hoXv ]X- ew
Im]yw bmnImw tbm ssh XXv Im]ym
kq{Xw hnZymXv Xw Nm-cy, anW-an-Xn, k {_hn-Xv, k temI-hn-Xv, k tZhn-Xv, k thZ-hn-Xv,
k`qXzn-X v, k B-hn-X v, k kh-hnZv CXn.
tX`ym - f {_hoZv ; XZlw thZ; Xtzw
bm-h Iy, kq{X-a-h n-Zzmwkv X w Nmcym
anW w {_ - K - h o- - Z - P - t k, aq w tX hn
]XnjyXo Xn. thZhm Alw KuX- a , XXv
kq{Xw Xw Nm-c ym-anW anXn tbmhm CZw

313

{_qbmZv thZ thtZXn; bYm th XYm{_qlo

Xn.

q{Xw; hmbp\m ssh KuX-a, kqt{X-Wmbw

N temIx ]c temIx khmWn N `qXm\n
kr-_v[m\n `hn; XkvamssZz KuXa ]pcpjw
t{]X- a m- l q hy{kw- k n-j - X m-k ymMvK m\oXn.
hmbp\m ln KuX-a, kqt{XW kr_v[m\n
`ho Xn. Ghta sshXZv bmh-evIym-cym-anWw {_qln Xn.

B bm-hIy ]dp: Atbm KuX-a, B

kq{Xw hmbp-hm-Ip-p. KuX-a, hmbp-hm-Ip kq{X-met{X Cu temIhpw ]c-tem-Ihpw Fm `qX-fpw sIKmKn AS-n- b-Xns tijw bm- h- eI
v y- t\mSv Acp- s- n-cn-p--Xv. AXp-sIm-m-Wv, acn ]pcp- j-m-sc- p-dnv
Ws ]p{X- \mb Dm-e-I tNmZn-p. bm-hevIy Fv Chs Ah-b-h
- Abpt]mbn Fv ]d-bm-dp-kwt_m-[\ sNbvXv Abm ]dp: a{Z- tZ-i-v, I]n- tKm- Xv. KuX-a, AXn-\m hmbp-hm-Ip kq{X-m BWv
{X- Pm-X- \mb ]X--es Krl-n, b-im-k{v Xs sI-s-n-cn-p--Xv. Atbm bm-hIy, CXv C-s\Ay-b\w sNbvXp-sImv \mw ]mn-cp-p. Ahs Xs A-cym-an-sb-p-dnp ]d-bp-I. Fp KuX-a ]d`mcy Hcp K- \m {Kln- - s--h Bbn-op. B p.
K-t\mSv Av BcmWv? Fv R tNmZn-p. B
K AYm- hns ]p{X- \mb I_- - \m- Ipp Fv 27. D] bx ]rYnhymw XnjvT ]rYnhym A-tcm,
bw ]rYnho \ thZ, bky ]rYnho ico-cw, bx
]d- p. B K Im]y- \mb ]X- - e- t\mSpw bw
]rYn- h o- a- tcm b ab tXyjX B - f - f
Ay-b\w sNp--h-tcmSp tNmZnp Atbm Im]y,
cym ayarXx.
GXn-\m-emtWm Cu temIhpw Cu Phpw ]c-tem-Ihpw
hcp P-hpw, Fm `qX- epw kr-_v[--fm-bn-cn-pBcmtWm ]rYn-hn-bn nXn-sN-bvXp-sImv ]rYn- Xv, sI- s-n-cn- p--Xv, B kq{Xs \o Adn-bp- pthm? hn-bn\nv Dn-ep--h\
- m-bn-cn-p--Xv, Bsc-bmtWm
B Im]y-\mb ]X--e, `K-hm-t\, B kq{Xs Rm ]rYn-ho-tZ-hX Adn-bm--Xv, BmtWm icocw ]rYn-hnAdn-bp-n Fp ]dp. B K Im]y-\mb ]X- bm-bn-cn-p--Xv, BcmtWm Dn Ccp-p-sImv ]rYn-e-t\mSpw bmn- I- m-tcmSpw tNmZnp: Atbm Im]y, ho-tZ-h-Xsb \nb-an-p--Xv, Ch-\mWv \ns Bm-hp,
BcmtWm Cu temItbpw, ]c- tem- I- t- bpw, Fm `qX- Aar-X-\pw, bmsXmcp kwkm-c-[-hp-an-m-- h\
- p-amb
-tfbpw Dn Ccp-p-sImv ban-p-Xv (\n-b-{n-p- A-cym-an. Ch-s\--n-bmWv \o tNmZn--Xv.
-Xv) B A-cym-ansb \o Adn- bp-pthm? B Im]y-\mb
]X--e, `K-hm-t\, B A-cym-ansb Rm Adn- bp-n 28. D] tbm - f ]v k p Xnjv T - Zv t `ym - f tcm,
bamt]m\ hnZp, cy kym - f - f ]x ico- c w,
Fp ]d-p. B K Im]y-\mb ]X--e-t\mSpw
tbmt]m f- tcmba-b-tXyj X Bm -f cym
bmn-I-m-tcmSpw ]dp: Atbm Im]y, BcmtWm
ayarXx
B kq{X-tbpw B A-cym-an-tbbpw C{]-Imcw Adnbp--Xv, Ah {_s Adn-bp--h-\m-Ip-p. Ah
Bcv Ap-I - f n nXn-s N-b vX p-s Imv Ap-I temI-sf Adn-bp--h-\m-Ip-p. Ah tZh-msc Adn- fn\nv Dn-ep-h
- \
- m-bn-cn-p-p-thm, Bsc Ap-Ibp--h\
- m-Ip-p-. Ah thZ-sf Adn-bp--h\
- m-Ip-p. fpsS tZhX Adn-bp-n- -tbm, Bv Ap-I ico-ca
- mAh `qX-sf Adn-bp- - h- \m-Ip- p. Ah Bm- hns\ Ip-p-thm, Bcv Dn Ccp-p-sImv Ap-I-fpsS tZhAdn-bp--h-\m-Ip-p. B Rv Ah kq{Xm--cym- Xsb kz hym]m- c-n \nb- an-p- pthm Ch-\mWv \ns
an-Isf kw_-n hnm-\ s ]d-p-X-cn-Ibpw Bmhpw bmsXmcp kwkm-c-[-hp-an-m--h-\p-amb
sNbvXp. B hnm-sX Rm Adn-bp-p. Atbm A-cym-an.
bm-hevIy, B kq{X-tbpw B Abm-an-tbbpw
29. tbm -f u XnjvT- -t-c - -tcm, ba- n
Ad-bm-sX-bm-Wv, \o {_-- m-cpsS kzmb tKmsf
thZ, bkymnx ico-cw, tbm -f na-tcmbasXfn- p-sIm-p-t]m-Ip- - sX- n \ns Xe sXdn- p-t]mIpw
b, tXyj X Bm f- cym-ay-a rXx.
Fv. Atbm KuX-a, B kq{X-tbpw B A-cym-anBcv An-bn nXn sNbvXp-sImv An-bn\nv
tbbpw F\nv Adn-bm-atm Fv bm-h-evIy ]dDnem-bn-cn-p-p-thm, Bsc An tZhX Adn-bp-np. CXv F\nv Adnbmw Adn-bm-sav GsXm-cp-h\pw
]d-bmw. \o Adn-bp-Xp t]mse ]d-bpI Fv Dm-e-I tbm Bv An ico-c-am-bn-cn-p-p-thm, Bcv Dn
Ccp-p-sImv An tZh-Xsb kz hym]m-c-n \nb-an]d-p.
p-p-thm, Ah-\m-Wv, \ns Bmhp Aar-X -h pw,
26. D]- k tlmhm- N hmbpss KuX- a , X
bmsXmcp kwkmc-[-hp-an-m--h\
- p-amb A-cym-an.

30. D] tbm -f cot XnjvT---cn-m-Z--tcm.

ba-cnw \ thZ, bkym--cnw ico-c w,
tbm -f cn--a--tcm-a-b, tXyj X Bm fcymay arXx.
Bcv A-co--n nXn-sN-bvXp-sImv A-co- n\np Dn-em-bn-cn-p-p-thm, Bsc A-co--

314

I tZ-hX Adn-bp-n-tbm, Bv A-cow ico-c-am-bn-cn-

h\pw N{-t\-mfpw \-{X- -sf-mfpw Dn-ep--h-\pp- p-thm, Bcv Dn-cp- p-sImv A-co- - tZ-h-Xsb kz am-bn-cn-p-Xv Bsc-bmtWm N{-sbpw \-{X--fphym]m- c - n \nb-a n- p- p-t hm, Ch-\ m-W v , \ns sSbpw tZhX Adn-bm--Xv, BmtWm N{\pw \-{XBmhpw Aar-X- hp-amb A-cym-an.
fpw ico- c- am-bn-cn- p-- Xv, BcmtWm Dn-en- cp-p-sImv
N{-sbpw \-{X- -fp-sSbpw tZh-Xsb \nb-an-p-Xv,
31. D] tbm hmbu XnjvT hmtbm-c--tcm, bw
Ch-\m-Wv, \ns Bmhpw Aar-X- \p-amb A-cym-an.

hmbp-th-Z, bky hmbpx ico-cw. tbm hmbpatcm ba-b, tXyj X Bm f- cym-ay-a rXx.

36. b BIm-ti-Xn-jvT-m-Im-im-Z--tcm, bam-Imti

\ thZ, bkym f- -f Imix ico-cw, b BIm-iBcv hmbp- hn nXn-sN-p-- h\pw hmbp- hn- t\-m
a tcm ba-b , tXj X Bm -f cym-ayDn-ep--h-\p-am-bn-cn-p-p-thm, Bsc hmbp-tZ-hX AdnarXx

bp-n-tbm Bv hmbp ico-c-am-bn-cn-p-p-thm, Bcv

BcmtWm BIm-i- n nXn-sN-p--h-\pw, BImDn-en- cp-p-sImv hmbp-tZ-h- sXb \nb-an-p-p-thm, Ch\mWv \ns Bmhpw Aar-X-\p-amb A-cym-an.
i- t- m Dn- ep- - h\pw Bbn- cn- p-- Xv, Bsc- bmtWm
BIm-i- tZ-hX Adn-bm--Xv, BmtWm BImiw ico-c32. D] tbm Znhn XnjvT Znthm f- tcm, bw
am-bn-cn-p--Xv, BcmtWm Dn-en-cp-p-sImv BIm-i- tZZru thZ, bky Zyux ico-cw, tbm Znh-ah-Xsb \nb-an-p--Xv, Ch-\m-Wv, \ns Bmhpw Aartcm bab, tXyj X Bm f- cym-ayarXx.
X-\p-amb A-cym-an.
Bcv tZymhn Ccn-p--h\pw tZymhn-t\-m Dn37. D] bkvXa
- kn XnjvTw-kvX-atkm f- tcm, bw
ep--h-\p-am-bn-cn-p-p-thm, Bsc tZymhv,--Zyp-tZ-hX AdnXtam \ thZ, bky Xax ico-cw, bkvXtam fbp-n- -tbm, Bv tZymhp ico-c-am-bn-cn-p-p-thm, Bcv
tcm ba-b, tXj X Bm -f cym-ay-arXx
Dn-en-cp-p-sImv tZymhn-s\--Zyp-tZ-h-X sb \nb-anppthm Ch- \mWv \ns Bmhp Aar- X-\p- amb Acym-an.
BcmtWm Xa-n--B-h-c-Wm--I-amb _mly-X-an nXn-sN-p--h\pw Xa-n-s\-m Dn-ep--h33. D] b BZntXy XnjvT-m-Zn-Xym-Z--tcm, bam
\p-am-bn-cn-p--Xv, Bsc-bmtWm Xa-,v Xtam-tZ-h-X, AdnZntXym \ thZ bkym -f -f ZnXyx icocw b B
bp-n-m-Xv BmtWm Xav ico-c-am-bn-cn-p--Xv,
ZnXy-a-tcm ba-b, tXyj X Bm f- cymay
BcmtWm Dn-en-cp-psImv Xa-n-s\, Xtam-tZ-h-X-sb,
arXx
\nb-an-p--Xv, Ch-\m-Wv, \ns Bmhpw Aar-X-\p-amb
Bcv BZn-Xy-\n nXn-sN- p-- h\pw BZn- Xy-t\- m A-cym-an.
Dn-ep--h-\p-am-bn-cn-p-pthm Bsc BZn-Xy-tZ-hX Adn38. D]-b
- -kvtX-Pkn XnjvTw-kvtXtkm -f tcm, bw
bp-n--tbm, Bv BZn-Xy ico-ca
- m-bn-cn-p-p-thm,
tXtPm
\ thZ bky tXPx ico-cw, bkvtXtPm
Bcv Dn Ccp-p-sImv BZn-Xy-tZ-h-Xsb \nb-an-p-f tc, ba-b, tXyj X Bm f- cym- ayp-thm, Ch-\mWv \ns Bmhp Aar-X-\p-amb AarXx CXy [nssZ-h-Xw.
cym-an.
BcmtWm tXP-n {]Im-i-km-am-\y-n--n-Xn34. D] tbm `np XnjvS ZnKvt`ym f- tcm bw
sN-p--h-\pw, tXP-n-s\-m Dn D-h\
- p-am-bn-cnZntim \ hnZp, cyky Znix ico-cw, tbm Zntim p--Xv, Bsc-bmtWm tXP--v-tX-tPm-tZ-h-X--A-dn-bp--Xnf tcm ba-b , tXyj X Bm -f cymay
m- -Xv, BcmtWm Df-fn Ccp- p- sImv tXtPm-tZ-h-Xsb
arXx.
\nb-an-p--Xv, Ch-\m-Wv \ns Bmhpw Aar-X-\p-amb
BcmtWm Znp-I-fn nXn-sN-p--h\pw Znp-I- A-cym-an. C-s\-bmWv A- cym-antb kw_-n A[nfn\nv Dn-ep--h-\p-am-bn-cn-p--Xv, Bsc-bmtWm ssZ-h-X-amb Zi-\w.
Znp-I, ZnKvtZ-hX
- -I Adn-bm--Xv, BmtWm Znp39. D]- - A - Y m- [ n- ` q- X w- bx kthjp `qtXjp
I ico-c-am-bn-cn-p--Xv, BcmtWm Dn-en-cp-p-sImv
XnjvT ktht`ym `qtXt`ym -f tcm, bw
Znp-I-sf--Zn-KvtZ-h-X-Isf \nb-an-p--X,v Ch-\mWv \ns
khmWn `qXm\n \hn-Zp, cyky khmWn
Bmhpw Aar-X-\p-amb A-cym-an.

35. D] b-{-Xm-ctI XnjvTw {-Xm-c-Im-Z--tcm,

bw N{-Xm-cIw \ thZ, bky N{-Xm-cIw icocw, b- { - X m- c - I - a - tcm bab tXyjy X
Bm f- cym-ay-arXx.
BcmtWm N{-\nepw \-{X--fnepw nXn-sN-p--

`qXm\n icocw, bx khmWn `qXm-\y- tcm

bab tXyj X Bm -f cym-ay-arXx CXy-[n`qXw

A\-cw `qX--fn A-cym-ansb kw_-n-p

Zi-\-s- - d-bpp: BcmtWm Fm `qX- -fnepw nXn
sNp--h\pw Fm `qX--sf-mfpw Dn-ep--h-\p-am-bn-

315

I cn-p-Xv Bsc-bmtWm Fm `qX-fpw Adn-bm-Xn-cn-p-

44. D] tbm a\kn XnjvT a\tkm -f tcm,

Xv, BmtWm Fm `qX-fpw ico-c-am-bn-cn-p--Xv,
bw at\m \ thZ, bky a\x ico-cw, tbm at\m
BcmtWm Fm `qX--tebpw Dn-en-cp-p-sImv \nb-f tcm bab tXyj X Bm -f cym-a yan-p--Xv, Ch-\mWv \ns Bmhpw Aar- X-\p-amb AarXx
cym-an. Cs\ `qX--fn A-cym-ansb kw_-n-p
Zi-\w.

40. D] AYm-[ymw bx {]mtW XnjvT {]mWm

Z- t cm, bw {]mtWm- \ - t h- Z , bky {]mWx
icocw, bx {]mW-a-scm ba-b-tXjy X B
-f cym-ay-arXx

BcmtWm a\-n nXn-sN-p--h\pw a\-n-t\m Dn-ep--h-\p-am-bn-cn-p--Xv, Bsc a\v Adn-bpn--tbm, Bv a\v ico-c-am-Ip-p-thm, Bcv a\-ns\
Dn Ccp-p-sImv \nb-an-p-p-thm, Ch-\m-W,v \ns
Bmhpw Aar-X-\p-amb A-cym-an.

45. D] bkzNn Xnjv Tw kvXztNm -f tcm, bw

XzMv\ thZ, bky XzIv ico-c w, bkvX z-N -atcm ba-b-tXyj X Bm f- cym-ay-arXx

A\-cw Bm-hn A-cym-ansb kw_-n-p

Zi\w ]d-bpp:- BcmtWm {]mW-\n nXn-sN-p-h\pw {]mW-t\-m Dn-ep-- h-\p-am-bn- cn-p--Xv, BscBcmtWm Xzn nXn-sN-p--h\pw Xzn-s\bmtWm {]mW Adn-bm-X n-c n-p- -X v, BmtWm
m Dn D-h-\p-am-bn-cn-p--Xv, Bsc Xzv Adn{]mW ico-ca
- m-bn-cn-p--Xv, BcmtWm Dn-en-cp-pbp- n- -tbm, Bv Xzv ico-c -am-I p- p-thm, Bcv
sImv {]mWs\ \nb-a n- p- -X v. Ch- \ mWv \ns
Xzns\ Dn-en-cpp \nb-an-p-p-thm, Ch-\mWv \ns
Bmhpw Aar-X-\p-amb A-cym-an.
Bmhpw Aar-X-\p-amb A-cym-an.

41. D] tbm hmNn XnjvT hmtNm f- tcm, bw

hmMv \ thZ, bk y hmIv i c oc w tbm
hmNatcm ba-b-tXyj X Bm f- cym-ayarXx

46. D] tbm hnmt\ XnjvT hnm-\m-Z

tcm, bw hnm-\w \ thZ, bky hnm\w
ico-cw, tbm hnm-\ -a- -tcm-b-a-b-tXyj X
Bm -f cym-ay-arXx

BcmtWm hmn nXn sNp--h\pw hmn-t\Bcv hnm-\-n nXn-sN-p--h\pw hnm-\m Dn- ep- - h\pw Bbn-cn- p- -Xv, Bsc-bmtWm hmv
s-m Dn-ep-h
- \pw Bbn-cn-p-p-thm, Bsc
Adn-bm-Xn-cn-p--X,v BmtWm hmv ico-c-am-bn-cn-phnm\w Adn-bp-n--tbm, Bp hnm\w ico-c-am-Xv, BcmtWm hmns# Dn-en-cp-p-sImv \nb-an-pIp-p-thm, Bcv Dn-en-cp-p-sImv hnm-\s \nb-Xv, Ch-\mWv \ns Bmhpw Aar-X-\p- amb A-cym-a.n
an- p- p- thm, C-s\-bp \ns Bm-hmWv Aar-X-\mb
42. D] b-pjn XnjvTw-
- ptjm f- tcm, A-cym-an.

bw Np thZ bky Npx ico-cw, b

pc-tcm ba-b-tXyj X Bm f- cym-ayarXx

47. D] tbm tcX-kn-Xn-jvT tcXtkm -f tcm,

bw tcmtXm XthZ bky tcXx ico-cw, tbm
tcmtXm -f tcm ba-b-tXyj X Bm -f XcymBcmtWm Np-n nXn sNp--h\pw Np-nay-artXm f- rtm {Zw -f {ipXx t{imXm, ft\-m Dn-ep--h\pw Bbn-cn-p-Xv, Bsc Npv
atXm am f- hnmtXm hnm-X-\mt\ym Adn-bp-n--tbm, Bv Npv ico-c-am- bn-cn-p-p-thm,
f tXm -f kvX n{Z- m, \mt\ym -f tXm -f kv X n
Bcv Np-ns\ Dn-en-cp-p-sImv \nb-an-p-p-thm,
t{imXm, \mt\ym -f tXm -f kvXnaw \mt\ym Ch-\mWv \ns Bmhp Aar-X-\p-amb A-cym-an.
f tXm - f kv X n hnm- s sXj X Bm - f
cymay-artXm f- tXym\y-Zmw. XtXm tlmm43. D] bx t{imt{X-Xn-jvT t{im{Xm-Z
- -tcm, bw
eI Bcp-Wn-c p-]-c-cm-a.
t{im{Xw \th-Z, bky t{im{Xw ico-c w, bx
t{im{X- a - tcm ba- b - t Xyjy X Bm - f
BcmtWm tcX- n nXn sNp--h\pw tcX-n-s\cymayarXx
m Dn D- h\pw Bbn- cn-p-- Xv, tcXv Btc AdnBcmtWm t{im{X- n nXn sNp- -h\pw t{im{Xs- m Dn-ep--h-\p-am-bn-cn-p--Xv, Bsc t{im{Xw
Adn-bp-n-- tbm, BmtWm t{im{Xw ico-c-am-bn-cn-p-Xv, BcmtWm t{imXs Dn-en-cp-p-sImp \nb-anp--Xv, Ch-\mWv \ns Bmhpw Aar-X- \p-amb Acym-an.

bp-n-tbm Bv tcXp ico-c-am-b n-c n-p-pthm

BcmtWm Dn Ccp-p-sImv tcX-ns\ \nb-{n-pXv A-s\-bp \ns Bm-hmWv Aar-X\pw Zi\
hnj-b- am-Imh\pw Zin-p--h\pw {ih-W- n hnjb-am-Im--h\pw Fm {ihn-p--h\pw a\---ev]n\p hnj-b-am-Im- -h\pw Fm a\\w sNp-- h\pw
hnm-\-n\p hnj-ba
- m-Im--h\pw Fm hnm-

316

I Xmhpw Bb A-cym-an. Ch-\n\np A\y-\mbn

51. D] ktlm-hm-N. b-Zqzw KmKn Znthm bZZrmthm t{imXmthm amthm hnm-Xmthm C. Chm-Iv]r-Yn-hym, bZ--cm-Zym-hm-]r-Ynho Cta, bZv
s\-bp \ns Bm-hmWv A-cym-anbpw Aar-X\pw
`qXw N `h `hn-jy-t-Xym-N X BImti
Bbn-cn-p--Xv. ap-h B-am-pp (hn-\m-in-bm-IpXtZmXw N t{]mXw tN
p). A\-cw Bcp-Wn-bmb Dm-eI
- AS- n.

Fmw {_mWw
48. D] AY l hmN-Iv\-hyp-hm-N--{_m-Wm `Khtm, lm-l-an-awZzu {]iv\u {]yman; Xu
tNt hy-Xn, \PmXp bpjvamI anawInZv
{_tmZyw tPtX Xn. ]r Kmlo. Xn.
A\-cw hN-I\
v p-hns ]p{Xn ]dp: `K-hm-m-cmb
{_m-W-sc, Ctm Rm Ch-t\mSp cp {]iv\-sf
tNmZn-mw. Ah-bpsS Dcw FtmSv ]d-bp--]w
\n-fn Hcp-h\pw Chs\ {_-hm-Zs kw_-nv
Pbn-p-hm-\mbn Dm-Ip-I-bn-. Fv. Atbm KmKn,
tNmZn-p-sImI Fv B {_m-W A\p-h-Zn-p.

49. D] ktlm-N Alw ssh Xzm bmhevIy,

bYm Imtiym hm sshtZtlm thm{K]p{X
Dyw [\p-c-[nPyw IrXzm Zzu _mW-hu
k ] - X v\ m- X n- h ym- [ n\ u l k vtX Ir tX zm
t]mnjvtTm tZh-ta-hmlw Xzm Zzm`ymw {]iv\m`ymapt]mZ- mw. Xu ta {_qln CXn. {]
KmKn CXn.

Ah ]dp: KmKo, GXn-s\-bmtWm tZymhn\p apIen-epw, GXn-s\-bmtWm ]rYn-hnp Xmtgbpw GXn-s\bmtWm Cu Zymhm-]r-Yn-hnp a[y-nepw DXv Fpw
GXn-s\-bmtWm `qX-sap h-am-\-sapw `hn-jy-spw ]d-bp--Xv, AXp-B kq{Xw BIm-i-n- emWv HmXam-bpw t{]mX-am-bp-an-cn-p-Xv Fv.

52. D] km tlmhm-N \akvtX -f kvXp bh

evI y, tbm a GXw hythmtNm -f ]ckvs sa
[mc btkz Xn. ]r KmKo Xn
Ah ]dp: bm-h-eI
v y, Fs Cu {]iv\s
\-hw ]d Atbvv \a-kI
v mcw! asmcp {]iv\n\v Xm-dm-bn-smI. KmKo, tNmZn-p-sImI Fp
bm-hIy ]d-p.

53. D] km tlmhm-N bZqzw bm-hIy,

Znthm, bZ- h mIv ]rYn- h ym, bZ- cm Zymhm
]rYnho Cta, Zv `qXw N `h `hn-jytXymN-tX, Ikvanw kvXtZmXw t{]mXw tNXn.
(C-Xns A\zbw 50-m-a-t-Xn D-Xp-X-s)

54. D] ktlm-hm-N bZqzw KmKn Znthm, bZhmIv ]rYn-hym, bZ-cm Zymhm-]r-Ynho Cta,
bZv `qXw N`- h `hn- j y- t Xym NtX
Ah ]dp: Atbm bm-h Iy Rm
BImi Gh XtZmXw Nt{hmXw tN Xn.
\ntmSv cp tNmZyw tNmZn-m t]mIp-p. F{]-Im-cIkvan \p JezmImi HmX t{]mXt Xn.
amtWm Imiy- t\m--Im-in-cm-Pm-thm--D-{K-]p-{X-\m-b--iq-c-hw-in P\n---hn-tZ-l- cm-Pmthm Rm Agn-p-I-f-n- p
[\p-ns\ Rm sIn-b-Xm-n-bnv _mW--tfmSp IqSnb-hbpw i{Xp-sf Ghpw ]oUn-n-p--hbpw Bb
cp ic-sf ssIbn hln-p-sImv ASp- Fgpt-e
v p--Xv, C{]-Im-cw-Xs Rm cp {]iv\--tfm-SpIqSn \ns ASp- Fgp-t-n-cn- p- p. Ahbvv
FtmSv Dcw ]d-bp-I. KmKn tNmZn-p-sImI. F
b-hIy adp-]Sn ]d-p.

50. D] kmtlm-hm-N bZqzw bm-h-e vI y,

Znth, bZ-hm-Iv]r-Yn-hym, bZ-cm Zymhm-]rYnho
Cta, bZv`qXw N`-h `hn-jy-tXym NtXm
Ikvanw kvXtZmXw t{]mXw tN Xn.
Ah ]dp: bm-h-eI
v y, GsXm-n-s\-bmtWm
tZymhn\n-v--ap-I-fn-es A-I-]m-e-n\nv apIfnepw GsXm- n- s\- bmtWm Xmgs A- I- ]m- e-n\v ASnbnepw GsXm-n-s\-bmtWm CuZym hm ]rY-hn-I-fpsS
CSbvpw DXv Fpw GXn-s\-bmtWm `qX- sapw
ham-\-sap `hn- jy- spw BK-a-hn- p- I ]d- bp-Xv, B kq{Xw Fn-emWv HmXhpw t{]mX- hp-am- bn-cpn- Xv?

(b-Zqzw apX BN-tX hsc apv ]d-Xp-t]m- se.)

AXv BIm-i-n Xs-bmWv HmXhpw t{]mX-hp-ambn-cn-p--Xv. Fv bm-h-evIy ]d-p. Fn-em-Wv
BImiw HmXhpw t{]mX-hp-am-bn-cn-p-Xv? Fp KmKn
hopw tNmZn-p.

55. D] ktlm-h m-N GXssZz XZ-cw KmKn

{_mWm A`n- h - Z - y- q- e , a\- - { l- k z,
aZoL, atem-ln-X, akvt\-l, am-b, aXtam f hm, bz\m-Im-i , ak-MvK , ac-k , aK aN
pjvI , at{im{X aam, Kat\m -f tXP-k vI ,
a{]mWaap-J, aam-{X, a\--c, a_mlyw; \X-Ziv\mXnInwN-\, \ XZviv\mXn I\
Ah ]dp: KmKo, \o tNmZn-Xv CXmWv: A-csa-p- - - cn-m--sX- v--{_m- - W ]d- bp- p. AXv qea-m--Xpw-- h-ep-X-m--Xpw--AWp Am--Xpw, {lkz-am--Xpw, ZoL-a-m--Xpw, Nph--m--Xpw, kvt\lsa Ap-I-fpsS KpW-a-m--Xpw, Omb-b-m--Xpw, Xa-m-- Xpw, hmbp-h-m--Xpw, BIm-i- a-m--Xpw, Ac-

317

I p-t]mse kwKm--I-a-m--Xpw, ck-a-m-pw, K-a-m-Xpw, Np-n-m--Xpw, t{im{X-an-m--Xpw, hmn-m-Xpw--hm-Kn-{n-b-an-m--Xpw, a\-n-m--Xpw, tXP-nm--Xpw, {]mW Cm--Xpw, apJ-an-m--Xpw, am{X
Am-Xpw Acw Cm--Xpw, _ln`m-K-an-m-Xpw
BIp-p. AXv Hn-t\-bpw `n- p-n-. AXns\ Bcpw
`n- p-n-.

56. D] GXky hm A-cky {]im-kt\ Km

Kn, kqcym- N - { - a - s ku hn[rXu Xnjv T Xx
GXky hm A- c ky {]im- k t\ KmKn,
Zymhm-]rYn shyu hn[rtX XnjvTXx GXky
hm A-c ky {]im-k t\ KmKn, \ntajm
aplqm, Atlm cm{Xm, A-am-km, EXhx
kwh-cm CXn hn[r-Xm-kvXn-jvT-n. GXky
hm A-cky {]imkt\ KmKn, {]mtNym f\ym \Zyx kyt tiztX`yx ]-tX`yx,
{]XotNym -f \ym bmw bmw N Zni-a-\p. GXkyhm A-c ky {]im-kt\ KmKn, ZZtXm
a\pjym {]iw-kn; bP-am\mw tZhm Zow
]nXmtcm f- \zmbmx
Atbm KmKn, Cu A-c-ns {]im-k\
- -n-emWv--B--bn-em-W,v kqcy\w N{\pw hn[m-cWw sN-s-h-cm-bn--\n-e-bvp-\n-s--h-cmbn nXn-sN-p--Xv.
KmKo, Cu A-c-ns {]im-k\
- -n-emWv tZymhpw
]rYn-hnbpw hn[r-X--fmbn nXn-sN-p--Xv. KmKo, Cu
A-c-ns {]im-k-\-n-emWv \nta-j- aplq Atlm-cm- {X- , A-am- k-- - ]-IpXn amk-,
amk-, kwh--c- C-s\-bp Imem-h- b-h-
hn[m-cWw sN-sp nXn-sN-p--Xv. KmKo, Cu Ac-ns {]im-k- \-n- em-Wv, tizX--fm-b-- sh-fp- --]X--fn\nv {]mNn- I-fm-b--In-g-tm-sm-gp-Ip---thsd \ZnI- fpw, ]Sn-m- tdm- sm- gp-Ip thsd \Zn- Ifpw AXmXp Znntev Hgp-Ip--Xv. KmKo, Cu A-c-ns {]im-k-\n-em- W,v Zm\w-sN-p-h- -hsc a\p- jy {]iw-kn-p-Xpw
tZh-m bP-am-\t- \bpw ]nXr- Zo-tlm-a-tbpw
A\zm-b--cm-bn-cn- p--Xpw--A-\p-K-X- cm-bn-cn-p--Xpw.

n\np ]c-tem-I-tp t]mIp--Xv, Ah Ir]-W\m-Ip-p. ]ns BcmtWm KmKo, Cu A-cs Adnnv Cu temI-n\nv ]c-tem-I-n-tep t]mIp-Xv, Ah {_m-W-\m-Ip-p.

58. D] XZzm GX-Z-cw KmKy-Zrw {Z-{ipXw

t{im{X aXw a,{ hnm-Xw hnmXr: \m
\ yZtX m - f k vX n{Z- j vSr , \ m\ y- Z tX m - f
kvXnt{imXr \m\y-ZtXm -f kvXnar \m\y-ZtXm
-f kvXn hn mXr GX-kvan \p Jeez-tc
KmKym-Imi HmX t{]mX CXn.
Atbm KmKo, A-s\-bp Cu A-cw, Zin-s-Sm-Xpw Fm {Zm-hp-a m-Ip-p-- Zi-\-{Inbm
Im-hpam-Ip-p. {ihn--s-Sm-Xpw t{imXm-hp-am-Ipp. {ih-W-Im-hp-am-Ip-p. a\\w sN-s-Sm-Xpw
a{m-hp-am-Ip-p--a-\-\-{In-bm-Im-hp-am-Ip-p. \n-b-cq]-n Adn-b-s-Sm--Xpw, hnm-\-{In-bm-Im-hp-amIp- p. CXn\nv A\y-ambn {Zm-hn- . CXn\nv A\yambn t{imXm-hn-. CXn\nv A\y-ambn am-hn-.
CXn\np A\y-ambn hnm-Xm-hn-. Atbm KmKn,
Cu A-c-n-emWv BImiw HmXhpw t{]mX-hp-am-bn-cnp--Xv.

59. D] km tlmhm-N {_mWm `K-hkvXtZh

_ l p- a m- t \ y[ zw
bZ- k vam- - a - k vIm- t c WaptNy[zw; \ ssh PmXp bpjv a m- I - a naw
I nZv {_tmZyw tPXm CXn XtXm l
hmNIv\ hyp-] -c -c m-a.
bm-he
- vIy-h-N\w tIv KmKn ]dp: `K-hm-mcmb {_m-W-tc, Ct-l-n\nv \a-kvIm-cw-sImp
tamN\w Inp- -X n-s \- s hep- X mbn hnNm-c n- psImhn. \n-fn Hcp-h\pw Ct-ls {_-hm-Zn Pbn-p--h-\mbn Hcn--ep-an-. A\-cw hmNIv\hn AS-n.

H]Xmw {_mWw

57. D] tbm hm GX- Z- cw KmKy- h n-ZnXzm fkvan temtI Pq tlmXn, bP-tX, X]-k vX ]ytX _lqXn hj- k - l - { km, Wy- h - t Zhmky XZv`h Xn; tbm hm GX-Z-cw KmKy
hnZnXzm -f kvamtm-ImXv ss{]Xn, Ir]Wx AY
b GXZcw KmKn, hnZznXzm -f kvamtm ImXv
ss{]Xn k {_mWx.

60. D] AY ssl\w hnZKvx imIeyx ] {]

IXn tZhm bm-hevIy CXn. ksslX-ssbh
\nhnZm {]Xn-t]-tZ... bmhtm sshiz-tZ-hky
\nhn- Z yp-N y- t . {Xb{Xo N iXm {X-b
{XoNk- l {km CXn. Hm anXn tlm hmN.
ItXyhm tZhm bmhevIy CXn. {Xb-kv{XnwiXv CXn. Hm anXn tl hmN. ItXy-h -tZhm
bmhevtIy Xn. j UnXn. Hm anXntlmhmKmKo, BcmtWm Cu temI-n, Cu A-cs
N. ItXyh tZhm bm-hevtIyXn. {Xb CXn.
Adn-bmsX At\-Im-bncw hjw Xs Bbmepw tlmanHm anXn tlmhm- N . ItXyh tZhm bmtbm bPn- tbm X]p sNbvItbm sNp--Xv, Chs
hevtIy Xn. Zzmhn-Xn. Hm anXn-tlm-hm-N. ItXyh
B I--fpsS ^ew Ah- km-\-ap-Xv BIp-p. KmKo,
tZhm bmhevtIy Xn. A[y CXn Hm
BcmtWm Cu A- c s Adn- b msX Cu temI-

318

anXntlm hmN ItXyh tZh bm-hevtIyXn.

GI CXn Hm anXn tlmhm-N. IXta tX. {Xb{Xo NiXm {Xb {XoN klt{k Xn.
A\-cw bm-he
- vIy-t\mSv iI-es A]-Xy-amb
hnZ-Kv[ F {_m-W tNmZnp: bm-hevIy tZhm F{X? bm-h-evIy Cu \nhn-p-sIm-p-Xs
Dcw ]dp: sshiz-tZ-h-ns \nhn ]d-bp-Xp
F{Xtbm A{X- bpw; AXm-bXv: aqpw aqp-\qdpw aqpw
aqhm-bn-chpw Fv. imI- ey icn Fp ]d-p. bmhevIy ]c- am- n tZh- m F{X? Fv hopw imIey tNmZn-p. ap-n-aqv Fp bm-h-evI Dcw
]d-p. icn Fp imI-ey k-Xn-p. bm-he
- vIy,
tZh-m F{Xtb Dq Fp hopw tNmZn- p. Bdv Fp
bm-he
- vIy Dcw ]d-p. icn Fp Imk-ey
k-Xn-p. bm-he
- vIy, tZh-m Xo-bmbn F{X?
Fp hopw tNmZyw. aqv Fp--cw. icn Fp imIey ]d-p. bm-hevIy tZh-m- F{X-am-{X-amWv?
Fp ]nsbpw tNmZyw. cv Fp-cw icn Fp kmIey ]d-p. bm-hevIy tZh-m F{X-am{Xw? Fp
]nsbpw tNmZyw A[yw (H--c) Fp-cw icn
Fp imI-ey ]dp. bm-he
- I
v y, tZh-m F{Xam{Xw? Fp ]nsbpw tNmZyw Hv Fv D-cw. icn
Fp imI-ey ]d-p. B aqpw apqdpw aqpw aqhmbn-chpw FsXmw? Fp ]nsbpw imI-ey tNmZn-p.

61. D] k tlmhm-N- a
- -ln-am\ Gssh-jmta tX;
{Xbkv {Xnw itzh tZhm CXn. IXtatX
{Xb-kv{Xn-Cwi ZnXn. Auh kh, GImZicp{Zm, ZzmZi m - f- f ZnX ymk vX G I- { X nw - i ,
Zn{ssivNh {]Pm-]-Xn-{X bkv{Xnwim hnXn.
bm-h- eI
v y ]d-p ta]-d aqhm-bn-c- n-apq-mdp tZh-m ap-n- aqp tZh-m-cpsS aln-am-hp-I
am{X-am- W.v hmkvX-h-n-ep tZh-m-cm-Is ap-n-aq- tbpq Fv. B ap-n-aqv GsXmw? Fp hopw
imI-eys tNmZyw Fp hkp-, ]Xn-s\mpw cp{Z-m,
]{p BZn-Xy-m Ah ap-smv; C{\pw {]Pm-]Xnbpw ap-n-aqp XnI-bvp--h Fv bm-hevIys D-cw.

62. D] IXta hkh CXn, An ]rYnhoN

hmbp-m--cnw Nm -f -f ZnXyZyu N{am \-{ XmWn ssNtX-h khx; GtXjp
loZw kw lnX-an-Xn, X kvamZzkh CXn.
hkp- Bscmw? Fp tNmZyw. Anbpw ]rYnhnbpw hmbp-hpw A-co-hpw BZn-Xy\pw tZymhpw N{apw \-{X-fpw Ch-cmWv hkp-.- C-h-cn-em-Wtm
Cu PKv Fmw hbv-s-n-cn-p-Xv; Fv AXn-\m
hkp- Fp ]d-b-s-Sp-p.

63. D] IXta cp{Zm CXn Zita ]pcptj {]mWm

B s s - I m- Z i x tX bZm - f k vam - c ndmymZpXv {Ima-yY tcmZ-b-n. XZy-t{ZmZ-b-n, Xkvam-{Zp{Zm CXn

cp{Z-m GsXmw? Fp tNmZyw. ]pcp-j-\n-ep Cu

{]mW- ]pw, ]Xn-s\m-m-a-Xmbn Bmhpw Ah
Ftm ay-am-b--\-iz-c-amb ico-c-n\nv DXv{I-anp-pthm Atm tcmZn-n-p-p--]-tc-Xs kw_- nIsf Ic-bn-p-p. Atm tcmZn-n-p-- Xn- \m cp{Z-m
Fp ]d-b-s-Spp Fp bm-h-eI
v y ]d-p.

64. D] IXa BZnXym CXn. ZzmZi ssham kmx

kwh--cky GX BZnXymx GtXloZw kham-Z-Zm\m bn. tX bZnZw khamZ-Zm-\m-bn
Xkvam-Zm-ZnXy CXn.
BZn-Xy-m GsXmw? Fp tNmZyw. Hcp kwh--cn\v ]{p amk--fm-Wtm D- Xv. Ch-cmWv BZn-Xym. Ch-cm-Wtm CXns\ Fmw--{]m-Wn-I-fpsS Bbp-nt\bpw {I-^-e-tbpw FSp-p-sImv t]mIp--Xv.
Ah bmsXmcp Imc-W-m CXns\ Fmw BZm\w
sNbvXp-sImv t]mIp-pthm AXn-\m BZn-Xy-m
Fp ]d-b-s-Sp-p. Fv.

65. D] IXa C{x? IXax {]Pm-]Xn cnXnkvX\bn-Xv\ptc tht{m b-{]-Pm-] XcnXn. IXa
kvX\-bnXv\p cnXn. Ai\n cnXn IXtam b
CXn. ]ih CXn.
C{ GXv? {]Pm-]Xn GXv? Fp tNmZyw. C{
kvX\-bn-Xv\p-X-s. {]Pm-]Xn b-am-Ip-p. Fp--cw.
kvX\-bnXv\p GXmWv? Fp tNmZyw. Ai\n Fp-cw
b-taXv? Fp tNmZyw ]ip- Fp-cw.

66. D] IX-ta-jvUnXn An ]rYn-hoN hmbpm-cow Nm f- -f ZnXy ZyusstXjSv.

GtX loZw khw GtX-jSv CXn.
Bdp tZh-m GXv? Fp tNmZyw Anbpw ]rYnhnbpw hmbphpw A-co-hpw BZn-Xy\pw tZymhpw; ChcmWv Bdv. Cu PK-smw Ch-cm-dp-am-Wtm Fp- cw.

67. D] IXta tX {Xtbm tZhm CXn. Ca Gh{Xtbm temImx Gjp lnta kth tZhm CXn.
IXau Xu Zzu tZhm hnXn. Aw ssNh-{]mWt Xn. IXtam f- [y CXn tbm -f bw
]hX CXn.
B aqp tZh- m Bscmw? Fp tNmZyw. Cu aqp
temI-X-s. Cu aqp temIfn-em-Wtm Cu tZhmcpw Fp--cw. B cp tZh- -m Bscmw? Fp
tNmZyw. Ahpw {]mW\pw Xs- - F-p-- cw. Hcw GXv

319

I Fp tNmZyw BcmtWm Cu ]h\w sNp--Xv, Ah

hmbp Fv D-cw.

68. D]--X -Zmlp cyZ-b-taI Csshh ]htX -f Y

IY-a-[yy CXn. bZ-kvan-nZw kh-a-[ym[v
t\mXv, tX\m-[ yx IXa GtIm-tZh CXn.
{]mW CXn. k{_-, XyZ-XymNtX
B hnj-b-n Nne tNmZn-p-p bmsXmcp ImcW-m Cu hmbp Hm-bn-p-Xs ]h\w sNp-pthm
AXn-\ m F-s\-b mWv A[y-a m-I p- Xv? Fv
bmsXmcp Imc- W- m Cu hmbp-hn CsXmw A[n-jvTnX-am-bnv Ensb {]m]n-p-pthm AXn-\m A\y
Fp ]d-b-s-Spp Fp--cw. Hcp tZh Bcv? Fp
tNmZyw. {]mW Fp-- cw. AXv {_-am-Ip- p. AXns\
XyXv Fpw ]d-bp-p.

hp--h BI-bp-p, Fp imI-ey ]d-p. Bsc

Fm Bm- hn\pw ]cm- b-W- ambn \o ]d- bp- p-thm, B ]pcpjs\ Rm Adn-bp-p-- tm. Cu Ima-a-b-\mb ]pcp-j
Btcm, Ah BWv Ch. imI-ey, C\nbpw tNmZn-psImpI Fp bm- h- eI
v y adp- ]Sn ]d-p. B Imaa-b-\mb ]pcp-j\v tZhX GXv? Fp imI-ey tNmZn-p.
kv{XoI Fp bmh-eI
v y ]d-p.

71. D] cq]m-tWyh bkym -f f- bX-\w, Np

temtIm, at\m-tPym-Xn, tcym ssh Xw ]pcpjw
hnZymXv khkym -f -f \x ]cm-bWw k
ssh thZnXm kymZym- m-h -e vI y. thZ hm
Alw Xw ]pcpjw kkym -f f- \x ]cmbWw bam-, b Ghm-km-hmZn tXy ]pcpjx
k Gjx h ssZh imIey Xky Im tZhtXXn.
kXy anXn tlm hmN

69. D] ]rYzn-thyh bkym f- -f bX-\, antm

tIm, at\m- t Pym- X n, tcymssh Xw ]pcpjw
hnZymXv khkym -f -f \x ]cm-b-W w, k
sshthZnXm kymZym- m-X-h -e vIy. thZ hm
Alw Xw ]pcpjw khkym -f f- \x ]cmbWw bam; b Ghmbw imcocx ]pcpjx k
Gjx hssZh i Iey. Xky ImtZ-htX Xn.
AarX anXn tlmhmN

Bv ip-Ir-jvWmZn cq]- Xs B{i-b-am-Ippthm Npp temI-am-Ip-pthm a\p tPymXn-m-Ippthm B ]pcp-js\ Fm Bm-hn\pw ]cm-b-W-ambn
B Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah am{Xta Atbm bm-hevIy, Adn-bp--h-\m-I-bpp Fp imI-ey ]d-p.
GXp ]pcp-js\ Fm Bm-hn\pw ]cm-b-W-ambn \o ]dbp-p-thm, B ]pcp-js\ Rm Adn-bp-p-v. B, BZnXy-\n-ep ]pcp-j Btcm Ah-\mWv Ch. imI-ey,
v y adpBv, B{i-bw ]rYn-hn-Xs BIp-p-thm, temIw- C\nbpw tNmZn-p-Itb thp. Fp bm- h- eI
-tem-I-\-km-[-\w-- A-n- bm-Ip-p- thm, tPym-Xn- -v-k-- e]
v - hn- ]Sn ]d-p. B tZh\v tZhX GXmWv? Fp imI-ey
I-ev]mZn Imcyw--a-\
- m-Ip-p-thm, B ]pcp-js\ Fm tNmZn-p. kXy-am-Ipp Fp bm-h-evIy Dcw ]dBm-hn\pw ]c-amb Ab-\-ambn BcmtWm Adn-bp--X,v p.
Ah am{Xta Atbm bm-h-evIy, Adn-hp--h-\m-I72. D] BImi Gh-bkym -f f- bX-\w, t{im{Xw
bp-q. Fp imI-ey ]d-p. GXp ]pcp-js\ Fm
te-mtIm, at\m tPymXntcym ssh Xw ]pcpjw
Bm-hn\pw ]cm-b-W-ambn \o ]d-bp-p-thm, B ]pcp-jhnZymXv kkym -f -f \x ]cm-b-W w, k
s\, F\np Adn-bm-atm. Cu ico-c-n-ep ]pcp-j
ssh thZnXm kym ZymPvR -h evI y thZ hm
Xs-bmWv Ch. Atbm imI-ey, C\nbpw tNmZn-pAlw Xw ]pcpjw k-kym f- f- \x ]cmsIm-p-I. Fp bm-h-eI
v y adp-]Sn ]d-p. Ah-\vbWw bam; b Ghmbw {iu{Xx {]mXnB imco-c- \mb ]pcp-j\v tZhX GXv? Fp imI-eys
{ipXvI x ]pcpjx k Gjx. h ssZh-im-I-e y.
tNmZyw. AarXw Fv bm-h-evIy Dcw ]d-p.
Xky Im tZhtX Xn. Zni CXn tlmhmN

70. D]-I
- m-a-Gh bkym -f -f bX-\w, lrZbw tem
tIm, at\m tPymXntcym ssh Xw ]pcpjw hn
tZymXv kh kym -f -f \x ]cm-b-W w, k
ssh thZnXm kymZym- -h - e v I y. thZ- h m-
Alw Xw ]pcpjw khkymm f- -f \x ]cmbWw bam; b Ghmbw Ima-abx ]pcpjx,
k Gjw h ssZh imI-ey. Xky Im tZhtX
Xn kv{Xnb CXn tlm hmN.

GXp ]pcp-j-\,v BIm-iw-Xs Bb-X-\-am-Ip-p-thm,

t{im{Xw temI-am-Ip-p-thm, a\v tPymXn-m-Ip-p-thm,
B ]pcp- js\ Fm Bm- hn\pw ]cm-b-W-ambn BcmtWm
Adn-bp-Xv Ah am{Xta bm-hevIym! Adn-bp--h
BI- bp-q. Fp imI-ey ]d-p. Bsc Fm Bmhn\pw ]cm- b- W- ambn \o ]d-bp- p- thm, B ]pcp- js\ Rm
Adn-bp-p. t{im{X-n-ep--h\pw {]Xn-{i-hW
- -th-f-bn
hnti-jnv Zm\w sNp--h-\p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm,
Bv Imaw Xs Bb- X\w (B- {i- bw) BIp-p-thm, Ah-\mWv Ch, imI-eym, tNmZn-p-sIm-p-Itb thp
- vIy Dcw ]d-p. Ah\p tZhX
lrZbw temI-am- Ip-p- thm, a\vkkp tPymXn-m-Ip-pthm Fp bm-he
GXv
?
Fp
imIey tNmZn- p. Znp-I Fv bm-hB ]pcp-js\ Fm Bm-hn\pw ]c-amb B{i-ba
- mbn
Bcv Adn-bp-pthm Ah am{Xta bm-h-eI
v ym, Adn- evIy adp-]Sn ]d-p.

320

I 73. D] Xa Gh bkym f-

-f bX-\w, lrZbw tem

tIm, at\m tPymXn, tcym ssh Xw ]pc-pjw
hnZymXv khkym -f -f \x ]cm-b-W w, k
sshthZnXm kymZym--h-evIy. thZ hm Al,
Xw ]pcpjw khkym -f f- \x ]cmbWw
bam; b Ghmbw Ombm-abx ]pcpjx k
Gjx hssZh imI-ey. Xky Im tZhtX Xn.
arXyp cnXn tlmhmN

GXp ]pcp-j-\v, Xa-p-Xs Bb-X-\-am-Ip-p-thm,

lrZbw temI-am-Ip-p-thm, a\p tPymXn-m-Ip-p-thm,
B ]pcp- j s\ Fm Bm- h n\pw ]cm- b - W -s av
BtcmtWm Adn-bp--Xv, Ah am{X- ta, bm-h-evIym,
Adp-b
- -h-\m-I-bpq Fp imI-ey ]d-p. Bsc
Fm Bm-hn\pw ]c-amb B{i-b-ambn \o ]d-bp-p- thm,
B ]pcp-js\ Rm Adn-bp-p. Cu Ombm-a-b-\mb ]pcpj BcmtWm Ah Xs-bmWv Ch. imIey
C\nbpw tNmZn-p-sIm-ptb thq Fp bm-hevIy ]d- p. Ahv tZhX GXv Fp imI- ey tNmZnp. arXyp Fp bm-h-eI
v y Dcw ]d-p.

74. D] cq]m-tWyh bky f- -f bX-\ w, Nq

temtIm, at\m-tPym-Xn, tcym ssh Xw ]pcpjw
hnZymXv khkym -f -f \x ]cm-b-W w, k
ssa thZnXm kymZym--hevIy thZ hm Alw
Xw ]pcpjw khkym -f f- \x ]cmbWw
bam; b Ghm-b-am-Zti ]pcpjx k Gjx.
hssZh imIey Xky Im tZhtXXn. Akp
cnXn tlmhmN
GXp ]pcp-j\v cq]-Xs B{i-ba
- m-Ip-p-thm,
Npp temI-am-Ip-p-thm, a\p tPmXn-m-Ip-p-thm,
B ]pcp-js\ Fm Bm-hn\pw ]c-amb B{i-ba
- mbn
BcmtWm Adn-bp--Xv, Ah am{X-ta, bmhevIy,
Adn-bp--h-\m-I-bp-q. Fp imI-ey ]d-p. BscbmtWm Fm Bm-hn\pw ]c-amb B{ib-ambn \o ]dbp-p-Xv, B ]pcp-js\ Rm Adn-bp-p. BZi-n
D Cu ]pcp-j GtXm, Ah Xs-bmWv Ch. imIey, C\nbpw tNmZn-p-sIm-p-I. Fp bm-he
- vIy
]dp. B ]pcp-js tZhX GXv? Fp imI-ey
tNmZnp. Akp Fp bm-h-evIy Dcw ]d-p.

75. D] B] Gh bkym -f -f bX-\ w, lrZbw

temtIm, at\m-tPym-Xn, tcymssh Xw ]pcpjw
hnZymXv khkym - f - f \x ]cm-b Ww k
ssh thZnXm kymZym- - h ev I y thZ hm
Alw Xw ]pcp- j w, khkym - f - f \x
]cmbWw bam; b Ghm-b-a]vkp ]pcpjx
k Gjx hssZh imIey Xky Im tZhtX
Xn. hcpW CXn tlmhmN
GXp ]pcp-j\v Ap-IXs Bb-X-\-am-Ip-p-thm,
lrZbw temI-am-Ip-p-thm, a\p tPymXn-m-Ip-p-thm,

B ]pcp-js\ Fm Bm-hn\pw ]cm-b- W-sav Bcv Adnbp-pthm Ah am{Xta bm-h-evIy, Adn-bp--h\

- mI-bpp Fp imI- ey ]d- p. GXp ]pcp- j- s\- bmtWm
Fm Bm-hn\pw ]c-amb B{i-b-a-ambn \o ]d-bp--Xv,
B ]pcp- js\ Rm Adn-bp- p. Ap- I- fn D Cu ]pcpj Btcm Ah-\mWv Ch. imI-ey, C\nbpw tNmZn-psIm-p-Itb thq. Ahs tZhX GXv? Fp imIey tNmZnp. hcp-W Fv bm-h-eI
v y adp-]Sn ]dp.

76. D] tcX Gh bkym f- -f bX-\w, lrZbw

temtIm at\m tPymXntcym ssh Xw ]pcpjw
hn ZymXv khkym f- -f \x ]cm-bWw k
sshthZnXm kymZym--hevIy thZ hm Alw
Xw ]pcpjw khkym f- -f \x ]cm-bWw
bam- . b Ghmbw ]p{X- a bx ]pcpjx k
Gjx. hssZh imIey XkyIm tZhtX Xn.
{]Pm]Xn cnXn tlmhmN.
GXp ]pcp-j-\v, tcX-p-Xs Bb-X-\-am-Ip-p-thm,
lrZbw temI-am-Ip-p-thm, a\p tPymXn-m-Ip-p-thm,
B ]pcp-js\ Fm Bm-hn\pw ]c-ambn Ab-\-ambn
BcmtWm Adn-bp--Xv, Ah am{X-ta, bm-he
- vIym,
Adn-hp-h
- \
- m-Ib
- pq Fp imI-ey ]d-p. GXp
]pcp-js\ Fm Bm-hn\pw ]cm-b-W-ambn \o ]d-bp-pthm, B ]pcp-js\ F\np Adn-bmw. ]p{X-cq-]-n-ep
Cu ]pcp-j Btcm Ah XsbmWv Ch. imIey
C\nbpw tNmZnp sImp-I-Xs Fp bm-h-eI
v y
adp-]Sn ]d-p. B ]pcp-jp tZhX GXv? Fp imIey tNmZn- p. {]Pm-]Xn Fv bm-h-evIy adp-]Sn ]dp.

77. D] imItey Xntlm- h mN bm- h ev I y

kvXzmw kznZnta {_mWm AMvKm-cm-h-bWa{IXmx CXn
iIeym Fp hnfn-v, bm-h-evIy ]d-p: Cu
{_m-W \ns I\ tImcn-bmn sNbvXpthm?

78. D] bm-hevtIy Xn tlmhm-Nm-im-I- teym

bZnZw Ipcp ]mm-em\mw {_mWm\Xy-hmZnx
Inw {_ hnZym \nXn. Zntim thZ ktZhmx
k{]-XnjvTm CXn. bntimth--k-tZhmx k{]XnjvTmx
bm-hevIy! Fp hnfn-v, imI-ey ]d-p
Cs\ Ipcp-cm- Pypw ]m-e-cm- Py- p-ap {_m- Wsc
\o A[n-t-]n-Xv {_s Adn-bp--h-\m-bn-mtWm?
tZh-m-tcm-Sp-Iq-Sn-h-bpw {]Xn-jvT-It- fm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-bp-amb
Znp-Isf Rm Adn- bpp Fp bm-h-evIy adp]Sn
]d-p. tZh-m-tcm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hbpw {]Xn-jT
v -I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bh-bp-amb Znp-Isf \o Adn-bpp Fn

321

I 79. D] InwtZ-htXm -f kymw {]mNymw ZniykoXn.

BZn-Xy-tZ-hX CXn. k BZnXyx Ikvan {]Xnj vTnX C X n. N pj o X n. Ik van \ p
Npx{]Xn-jvTnX anXn. cqt]jznXn. Np-jmln
cq]mWn ]iy-Xn. Ikvan \p cq]mWn {]XnjvTnXm Xo Xn. lr Zb CXn-tlm-hmN lrZ-tb\
lncq-]mWn Pm\mXn. lrZtb tlyh cq]mWn
{]Xn-jvTn-Xm\n `ho Xn. Gh-ta-ssh-X-Zym-hevI y.
Cu Ing- t-Zn-n \o GXp tZh-X-bp--h\
- m-Ipp?
Fp imI-ey tNmZn-p. BZn-Xy-\m-Ip tZh-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn-b-h- \m-Ipp Fp bm-h- evIy Dcw ]d-p. B
BZn-Xy Fn {]Xn-j vTn-X -\ m-b n-c n- pp? Fp
hopw imI-eys tNmZyw. Np-n. Fp bm-hevIys D-cw. Npv Fn-emWv {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-cnp-Xv? Fp hopw tNmZyw. cq]--fn Fp--cw.
Np-p-sIm-m-Wsm cq]-sf ImWp--Xv. cq]-
Fn-emWv {]Xn-jT
v n-X--fm-bn-cn-p--Xv Fp ]nsbpw
tNmZyw. lrZ-b
- n Fp ]d-np bmhevIy
]dp: lrZbw sImm-Wtm cq]-sf Adn-bp--Xv
lrZ-b-n Xs-bmWv cq]- {]Xn-jvTn-X--fm-bn-cnp-Xp bmhevIym, CXv C-s\-X- s, Fp imIey k-Xn-p.

80. D] Inw tZhtXm f- kymw Zn-Wmbmw Zniy

ko Xn. ba-tZ-hX CXn. kbax Ikvan {]XnjvTnX CXn. b CXn. Ikvan \p bx
{]Xn-jvTnX CXn. Zn-WmbmanXn. Ikvan \p
ZnWm {]Xn-jvTntX Xn. {imbm anXn. bZmtl yh {i t - f Y Z nW mw ZZm- X n,
{imbmw tlyh ZnWm {]Xn-j vTntX Xn,
Ikvan \p {im-{]-XnjvTtX Xn lrZb CXntlm-hmN lrZtb \ln {imw P\m-Xn. lrZtbtly h {im-{]-XnjvTnX, `h-Xo-Xn. Ghta
sshXZv bm-hevIy.
Cu sXt-Zn-n \o GXp tZh-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\mIpp? Fp imI-ey tNmZn-p. ba-\m-Ip tZh-X-tbmSp-Iq- Sn- b-h- \m- Ipp Fp b-h-evIy Dcw ]d-p.
B ba Fn {]Xn-j vTn-X- \ m-b n-cn-pp? Fp
tNmZyw. b-n Fp-cw bw Fn-emWp
{]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-p-Xv? Fp tNmZyw. Zn-W-bn
Fp--cw. ZnW Fn {]Xn-jvTn-Xambncnpp?
Fp tNmZyw. {i-bn Fp- -cw. Ftm-gmtWm {inp--Xv. Atm Zn- Wsb Zm\w sNp-p. {i-bnXs-b mWv ZnW {]Xn-jvTn-X-bm-bn-cn-pXv? Fp
bm-h-eI
v y ]d-p. {i Fn-emWv {]Xn-jT
v n-X-bmbn-cn-p-Xv Fp imI-ey tNmZn-p. lrZ-b-n Fv
bm-h-eI
v y ]d-p. lrZ-bw-sIm-m-Wtm {isb
Adn-bp--Xv. lrZ-b-n Xs- bmWv {i {]Xn-jT
v n-X-bm-

bn-cn-p-Xv Fp ]d-p. bm-h-evIy, CXv C-s\Xs Fp imI-ey ]d-p.

81. D] Inw tZhtXm -f kymw {]XnNymw Zniy ko

Xn. hcp-W-tZ-hX CXn. k hcpWx Ikvan {]XnjvTnX CXn. A]vkznXn. Ikvan Xz ]x {]XnjvTnXm CXn. tcXko Xn. Ikvan\p-tcXx {]XnjvTnX anXn. lrZb CXn. Xkvam-Z]n {]Xn-cq]w
PmXamlpx lrZ-bm-Znh kp]vtXm lrZ-bm-Znh
\nnX CXn. lrZtb tlyh-tcXx {]Xn-jvTnXw
`hXoXn. Ghta sshX-Zym-evIy.
Cu ]Sn-msd Znn \o GXp tZh-X-tbmSp IqSn-bh- \m- Ipp? Fp imI-ey tNmZn-p. hcp-W- \m- Ip tZhX-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\m-Ipp Fp bm-h-eI
v y ]d-p.
B hcp-W Fn {]Xn-jvTn-X-\m-bn-cn-pp? Fp
tNmZn-p. Ap-I-fn Fp--cw. Ap-I Fn {]XnjvTn-X-am-bn-cn-pp? Fp ]nsbpw tNmZyw. tcX-n
Fp--cw. tcXv Fn {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-pp?
Fp tNmZyw lrZ-b
- n Fp--cw. AXp-sIm-p-Xs- bmWv PmX-s\--P-\n Ipn-sb, {]Xn-cq-]-sa-v--]-Isv, euIn-I-m ]d-bm-dp--Xv. lrZ-b-n\nv ]pd-s-h-s\-tm-sebpw lrZ-b-n\nv Dm--s--h-s\-tmse-bp-amWv ]p{X Ccn-p--Xv. lrZ-b- n Xs- bmWp
tcXp {]Xn-jT
v n-X-am-bn-cn-p-Xv Fp bm-hIy
]d-p. bm-hevIym CXv Cs\ Xs Fp imIey ]d-p.

82. D] Inw tZhtXm -f kymap-ZoNymw ZniykoXn.

tkma-t Z- h X CXn. ktkmax Ikva n {]XnjvTnX CXn. Zombm anXn. Ikvan \p Zom
{]Xn-jvTntX Xn. kXy CXn. Xkvam-Z]n Zon-Xamlpx kXyw htZXn. ktXy tlyh Zom
{]Xn-jvTntX Xn. Ikvan\p kXyw {]-Xn-jvTnX
anXn. lrZb CXn-tlm-hm-N. lrZ-tb\ lnkXyw
Pm\m-Xn. lrZtb tlyh kXyw {]Xn-j vT nXw
`hXo Xn Ghta sshX Zym-hevIy.
Cu hSt Znn \o GXp tZh-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snbh\mIpp? Fp imI-ey tNmZn-p. tkma-\m-Ip tZh-Xtbm-Sp-Iq- Sn-h-b- h Fp bm-h-eI
v y adp- ]Sn ]d-p.
B tkma Fn {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-pp? Fp
]nsbpw tNmZyw, Zo-bn Fp--cw. Zo Fn
{]Xn-jvTn-X-bm-bn-cn-pp? Fp tNmZyw. kXy-n
Fp--cw. AXp-sImp Xs-b mWv Zon-X-t\m-S v,
kXys ]d-bpI Fv ]d-bm-dp-Xv kXy-n XsbmWv Zo {]Xn- j v T n- X - b m- b n- c n- p- Xv F pw
bmhevIy ]d-p. kXyw Fn-emWv {]Xn-jT
v n-ambn-cn-p-Xv? Fp tNmZyw. lrZ-b-n Fp bmh- e vI y Dcw ]d- p. lrZ- b w- s Im- m-W tm
kXys Adn-bp--Xv. lrZ-b
- n Xs-bmWv kXyw
{]Xn-jvTn-X -am-bn-c n-p-Xv Fpw ]d-p. Atbm

322

I bm-hevIym CXv Cs\ Xs Fp imI-ey ]dp.

83. D ] Inw tZhtX m - f k ymw {[ phmbmw

Zniyko''Xn. ""An-tZ-hX'' CXn. ""tkm -f nx
Ik v a n {] X nj vTnX '' CX n. ""hmN o'' X n
""Ikvan \p hmIv {]Xn-jvTntX'' Xn. ""lrZb''
CXn. ""Ikvan \p lrZbw {]Xn-jvTnX'' anXn.
Cu {[ph-Zn-n \o GXp tZh-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\mIpp? Fp imI-ey tNmZn-p. An-bm-Ipp tZh-Xtbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-hb Fp b-hm-eI
v y Dcw ]d-p.
B An Fn {]Xn-j vT n-X -\ m-b n-cn- pp? Fp
tNmZyw. hmn Fp--cw. hmv Fn-emWv {]Xn-jT
v nX-bm-bn-cn-pvX? Fp tNmZyw. lrZ-b
- n Fp-cw. lrZbw Fn-emWv {]Xn-jT
v n-X- am-bn-cn-p-Xv? Fp
iI-ey tNmZnp

84. D] Al-ntI Xn tlmhmN bm-h tIym

bss{XX Z\y{Xm kvam-\ym-ssk, bty XZ\y{Xm-k vaXv kymzmt\m ssh\-Z -Z yphbmw
knssh-\Zv hna-Yv\oc nXn
Al-nI Fp kwt_m-[\ sNbvXp-sImv bmh-evIy ]d-p. GXp Ime- n Cu lrZ-b s
\n\np asm-cn-Sp hn-p--Xmbn \o hnNm-cnp-p-thm, Atm Cu lrZbw \n \np thsdm-cnSp Bbn- cn-p--]w CXn- s\ Cu ico-cs izm
`n--tbm, CXns\ hb-p-I--I-gpIp apX-emb ]nI hna-Yn-tbm sNpw.

85. D] Ikvan \p Xzw Nm f- -f m N {]Xnjv TnXu CXn. {]mW CXn. Ikv an \p

{]mWx {]X-jvTnX CXn. A]m\ CXn. Ikvan
\z]m\x {]Xn-jvTnX CXn hym\ CXn. Ikvan
\p hym\x {]Xn-jvTnX CXn. DZm\ CXn Ikvan
\qZm\x {]Xn-jvTnX CXn. kam\ CXn. k Gj
t\Xn, t\Xymm -f Krtlym \ln KrlytX fiotcym \ln iocytXy - f kMv t Km- \ln
ktX f- kntXm \ hyYtX \cn-jy-Xn. GXm\y- , hmb- X - \ m, \ysu temIm Asu
]pcpjmx kb- k v X m ]pcp- j m \ncply
{]Xyp-lymXy {ImaXv Xw Xzu]-\n-jZw ]pcpjw
]rm-an. Xw tNt\ hnh-ykn aqm-tXhn
]Xn-jyXo Xn. Xw l\ tat\ imIeyx, Xkyl
aqm-hn-]-]mX A]n lmky ]cntam-tWm f o\y ]P {lpc-\y--\y-am\mx.
\obpw Bm-hpw ico-chpw lrZ-bhpw Fn-emWv
{]Xn-jvTn-X-cm-bn-cn-p-Xv? Fp imI-ey tNmZnp:
{]mW-\n Fp bm-h-evI y Dcw ]d-p.
{]mW Fn-emWp {]Xn-jvTn-X-\m-bn-cn-p-Xv Fp
tNmZyw. A]m-\-\n Fp-cw A]m-\- Fn-emWp

{]Xn- jT
v n-X- \m- bn- cn-p-Xv? Fp tNmZyw hym\-\n Fp-cw. hym\ Fn-emWp {]Xn-jvTn-X-\m-bn-cn-p-Xv
Fp tNmZyw. DZm-\-\n Fv D-cw. DZm-\ FnemWp {]Xn-jvTn-X-\m-bn-cn-pXv? Fp tNmZyw. kam-\\n Fp--cw. t\Xn, t\Xn Fp a[p-Im--n
\nt-in--s-Xv CXm-Ip-p. Cu Bmhv {Kln--s-Sphm Ign-bm--Xm-Ip-p. Fs- m, {Kln--s-Sp-n-.
ioW-am-hm--Xp-am-Wv. Fs-m, ioW-a m-Ip-n-.
kMvK-an-m--Xm-Wv. Fs- m k-am-Ip-n-. _n-s-Sm--Xm-Wv. AXn-\m hyYn-p-n-. AXn-\m
lnwk-bn AI-s-Sp-n-. Ch-bmWv Fv Bb-X-\-epw
Fp temI-epw Fp tZh-mcpw Fp ]pcp-j-m-cpw,
GsXm-cp-h-\mtWm B ]pcp-j-msc \nh-ln-n-v \n-bambn Kan-n-nv {]Xn-hl
- n-n-v-- D-]-kw-l-cn-nv AXn-{I-an-ncn- p--Xv--D-]m-[n- [- s- - S-ncnp-Xv, B Hu]-\n-jZ-\mb ]pcp-j-s\-- \n-tmSp Rm tNmZn-p-p. Ahs\
FtmSp \o hnkv]--ambn ]d-bm-Xn-cn--bm-sW-n
\ns aqmhv sXdn- p-t]mIpw Fp bm-h-eI
v y ]dp. B Hu]-\n-jZ- -\mb ]pcp-js\ imI-ey Adn-n. Ahs aqmhv hn]-Xn-p-- sX-dn-p-t]m-bn. Fp am{Xa-, ]cn-tam-jn-I--X-kvI-c-m thsd [\-sap hnNm-cnp. Cu imI-eys An-Isf A]-l-cn-p.

86. D] AY tlmhm-N {_mWm `K-htmtbm

hx Ima- b tX k am ] r X px k thhm
am]rX; tbmhx Ima-btX Xw hx ]rm-an.
km hm hx ]rman Xn. tX l {_mWm\
Z[rjpx
A\-cw bm-h-eI
v y ]d-p `K-hm-m-cm-b--]qPy-cmb {_m-W-tc, \n-fpsS Iq-n Bcv B{K- lnp-pthm Ah FtmSp tNmZn--s. As-n \nse-m-hc
- pw-Xs FtmSp tNmZn-p-sImhn! \n-fn
Bcv B{K-ln-p- pthm Ah- t\mSv Rm tNmZn- mw. Asn \n-tfm-sS- m-h-tcmSpw Rm tNmZnmw Fv. B
{_m-W ss[cy-s-n-.

87. D] Xm sslssX tmssI ]{]

bm- h - e v I y Ah- tcmSp Xmsg ]d-b p
tmI- tNmZnp:
tm: bYm hrtm h\-kv]-Xn, kvXssY-h
]pcptjm f- arjm;
Xky temam\n ]Wm\n XzK-tkym
]mSnIm _lnx
h\-kv]-Xn-bm-b--h-\-ns ]Xn-bmb hrw F{]-Imctam AXp-t]m-se-X-s-bmWv ]pcp-j. CXp kXy-am-Ipp. Ahs]p-cp-j-s--tem-a- -- tcm-a- ]W-- fmIp-p--hr--ns Ce-Ip Xpey--fm-Ip-p. ]pcpjs ]pd-ta-bp Xzv hr- ns ]pdw ]-bm-Ip-p.

323

I 88. D] XzN Ghmky cp[ncw {]ky-n. XzN

DZv]Sx Xkva mXv XZm-Xr- mXv ss{]Xn ctkm
hrm-Znhm f- -f lXmXv

[\w Zm\w sNp- -hsbpw AXns nXn sNp, AXns\ Adn-bp--hsbpw ]c-bmbn KXn.

Chs Xzn\np cw Hgp-Ip--Xmbncnp-p.

Xzn\np D]-S-hpw--I-d-bpw. AXn-\m hr- n\pw
]pcp-j\pw Fmw Xpey- am-b-Xn-\m, Bl- X- am-b-- On--amb Hmw {_mWw
hr- n\nv Id F-t]m-se, lnwkn--s--]p-cp-j- 1. D] Hmw P\tIm l sshtZl Bkmw Nt{I
\n\nv cp[ncw ]pd-s-Sp-p.
AY l bm-hevIy Bh-{hm-P. Xw tlmhm-

\mem-a-ymbw

89. D] amwkm-\yky iI-cmWn; In\mSw kv\mh;

XXv n-cw. Ao-\y- -ctXm ZmcpWn; am
atm-]am IrXm

Nbm-h-evIy, Ina-a-Nmcox? ]iq \n

Wzmm \nXn. D`-b-tah k{am UnXn tlm hmN

hntZ-lm-[n-]-\mb P\-I Xs-m-Wm-\m-h-iy-ap-hp

ImWp--Xn-\mbn Ccp-n-cp-p. Atm bm-hChs amwk- hr-ns iI-e
- -fm-Ip-p.
ev
I
y
sNp. At-l-n-t\mSp P\-I tNmZn-p tl
In\m-Sw--X-Sn-tbmSp tNn- cn-p sXmen-t]m-ep hkvXpbm-h-eI
v y. Fn-\m-bn-mWv Ap hXv? ]ip-sf
-]p-cp-js kv\mhm-Ip-p (amwk-t]- in-bm-Ip-p.) In\mSw
Cn-n-mtam? kqva-hkvXp \n-b-n Ah-km-\namwk-t]-in-t]mse Dd-p--Xm-W-tm. Dn-ep XSn-I
p {]iv\-sf Cn-ntm? Fv. cpw Cn-p-Xs
]pcp-js An-If
- m-Ip-p. a abvv D]-a-bmbn
k{amt! Fp bm-h-eI
v y adp-]Sn ]d-p.
sN-s-n-cn-p-p.

2. D] bXv tX In-Z- {_- h o- - r-W -h mtaXn.

A{_-ho-t-PnXzm ssien-\nhmssKz {_t-Xn.
bYm amXr-am ]nXr-am-\m-Nmcyhm {_qbm-Xv,
XYm-X - s s- e n-\ nc {_hoZv hmssKz-{_- t-X n.
hrIvW -am-b-- tO-Zn--s hrw aqe-n\nv
Ah-ZtXm ln Inw kymXv? CXn. A{_-h oXv
hopw Iptd-qSn ]p-\m-bnv apf-bvpp Fn,
XptX Xkym -f -f bX\w {]XnjvT? \ tay
{_ho ZnXn. GI]m Zzm GXXv k{am UnXn. k
arXyp-h n-\m On-\ mb ay GXp aqe- n
ssh t\m {_qln bmPvhevIy hm tKh f- -f
\nmWv apf-b
v p-Xv?
bX-\, amImix {]Xn-jvTm, {]t-tXy-\
- p-]m91. D] tcXk CXn am thmNX; Pohn-X -k vX Xv
kn- X . Im{]Xm bm-h ev I y? hmtKh
{]Pm- b - t X. [\m- c p- l Ch ssh hrt - f
k{aUnXn- t lm- h m- N . hmNm ssh k{am- U v ,
RvPkm t{]Xy kw`hx.
_px {]m-b tX; EtKz-tZm, bPqthZx,
kmat- t Zm, - f Y hm- M v K n- c - k , CXn- l mk x,
tcX-n\n-m-sWv \n ]d-tb-. AXv--tc-Xv
]pcmWw, hnZym, D]-\n-jZx, tmImx, kq{XmPohn-n-cn-p--Xn \nmWv Dm-Ip--Xv. hrw [m\Wy\p hymJym-\m-\ n, hymJym-\ m\ow lpX,
bn (_o-P-n) \np apf-bvp--Xm-bp-ap-v. acn-aminXw ]mbn-X, abw N temIx, ]c--temIx,
Xns tijw kw`-hn-pI Fp-Xv {]Xy-- am-W.v
k mW n N ` qX m\ n hs sN h k{am- U v,
92. D] bXv kaq-ea
- m-hr-tl-bp hrw \ ]p\mbs hmssKz k{am-U v, ]caw {_.
cm`thX v a yx kzn r- X yp\ m hr IvWx
ss\\w hmKvP-lm-Xn, khm-tWy\w `qXm-\y-`nIkvamqemXv {]tcm-lXn?
c--n, tZthm-`qXzm tZhm-\-t]yXn, b Ghw
hnZzmt\ XZp-]m-k vtX. lkvXy-j `w kl{kw
hrs aqe-tm-Sp- IqSn ]ngp-Xp-I-f-bp- I-bm-sW-n
ZZmao Xn tlmhm-NP
- -\tIm sshtZlx ktlmhop Dm-Ib
- n-. arXyp-hn-\m On-\mb ay
hmN bmhevIyx ]nXmta f a\yX \m\hopw Dm-Ib
- n-. arXyp-hn-\m On-\mb ay
\p-in-jy- l-tc-tX-Xn.
GXp aqe-n \nmWp apf-bvp-Xv?
90. D]--bZv hrtm hrIvtWm tcmlXn aqem
hXcx ]p\x ayx kznr-Xyp\m hrIvWx I
kvamq-emXv {]tcm-lXn?

93. D] PmX Gh, \; PmbtX; tImt\z\w P\tbX v ] p\ x? hn m- \ - a m- \ w {_ ,

cmXnmXpx ]cm-bWw XnjvT-am\ kyX ZznZx
P\n-h
- Xs-bm-Wtm Fm-sW-n A-s\-b, ]nsbpw P\n-p-p-v. Chs\ BcmWv hopw P\nn-p-Xv/ hnm-\hpw B\-hpw Bb {_w BWv.

GXmtWm \n\v Hcm--Hcp BNm-cy--]-d-p-X-np-Xv AXv \mw tIs Fp bm-he

- vIy ]dp. inen-\ s ]p{X-\ mb PnXzm-s h BNm-c y
hmmWv {_w Fv F\nv ]d-p-X-n-pv Fp
P\-I ]d-p. F{]-Im-c-amtWm amXm-hp--h\pw ]nXmhp-- h\pw BNm-cy-\p--h\pw ]d-bp-Xv A{]-Im-c-amWv
As\ ssien\n hmmWv {_-sap ]d-bp--Xv.

324

I kwkm-cn-m--h\v FmWv Dm-bn-cn-p-Xv? Fv

bm-he
- vIy ]d-p. Fm AXn-s-B hmmIp {_-ns Bb-X-\-s- bpw-- i-co-c-tbpw {]XnjvT-tbbpw Atv ]d-p-Xtm? Fv bm-hevIy tNmZn-p. F\np ]dp Xn Fp P\-I
]d-p. Atbm k{am-t, CXv- Cu {_w Hcp Imep-am{X-ap- - Xm-Wtm Fp bm- h- evIy ]d-p. Atbm
bm-h-evIym, CsXmw Adn-bm- hp Ap- Xs \apv
]d-p-X-cnI Fp P\-I At]-n-p. hmm-Ip
{_-ns icocw hmp-X- s. BIm-i-amWv {]Xn-jvT.
{] Fp-hv CXn-s\-Cu {_s D]m-kn-Ww
Fp bm-h-eI
v y ]d-p. tl bm-h-eI
v y, GXp
{]-bmWv? Fp P\-I tNmZn-p. Atbm k{am-t,
hmp-Xs {]bm-Ipp Fp bm-h-evIy ]dp. hmp-sIm-m-Wtm _p Adn-b-s-Sp--Xv. EtKzZhpw bPqth-Zhpw kma-th-Zhpw AYm-MvKn-c-khpw
CXn-lm-khpw ]pcm-Whpw hnZy-Ifpw D]-\n-j-p-Ifpw
tmI-fpw kq{X-fpw A\p-hym-Jm-\-epw hymJym-\epw bmKw-sIm-p-m-Ip ]pWyhpw tlmaw \nan-ap ]pWyhpw A- Zm-\-m-ep-m-Ip ]pWyhpw ]m\Zm\w sImp knn-p ]pWyhpw Cu temI-hpw Cu
Phpw ]c-a-amb temIhpw--C-\n-bp Phpw Fm `qXfpw hmp-sIm-p-X-s-bm-Wv. k{am-t, hmp-X-sbmWv ]c-a-amb {_w. BcmtWm C{]-Imcw Adn-psImn CXn-s\ Cu hmm-Ip {_s D]m-kn-p-Xv, Chs\ hmv Dt]- n- -bn- . Fm `qX-fpw Chs\
A`n--cn-p-p--k-tm-jn-n-p-p. tZh-\m-bn-onv
Ch tZh- msc A]n-K-an- pw- - tZ-h-m- cn ebnpw Fp
bm-h-eI
v y XpSp ]d-p. B\-sb-tm-se-bp-Hcp Imf-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb Bbncw ]ip-sf Atbvp
Rm Xcpp Fv hntZ-lm-[n-]-\mb P\-I ]d-p.
bm-h-evIy ]dp: A\p-im-kn-m-sX--in-jys\
IrXm-\m-msX injy-\n\np [\w kzoI-cn-m
]mSn Fv Fs ]nXmhv hnNm-cn-n-cp-p.

3. D] btZ-htX In-Z-{_-hoXv Xr-Wh ta Xn

A{_- h o DZ x i ue v _ m- b \ x {]mtWm
ssh{_-tXn bYm-am-Xr-am, ]nXram, \m Nmcyh {_qbmXv XYm-X
- uev_mbt\m f- {_hoXv
{]mtWm ssh{_-t-Xn. A{]mWtXm ln Inw
kymXv? CXn. A{_-h oXv Xp tX Xky -f -f
bX\w {]Xnjv Tmw? \ta - f {_ho ZnX GI]mZzm GXXvk{- am, UnXn, k ssh t\ {_qln
bm-hevIy {]mW-Ghm -f f- bI-\m-am-I mix
{]Xn-jvTm, {]nb antXy-X-Zp-]m-kn-X. Im{]n-bXm
bm-hevIy {]mW Gh k{am UnXn-tlm-hmN. {]mWky ssh k{am-Sv, Imam-bm-bmPyw bmPbXy {]Xn-Kr-lyky {]Xn \rlvWm-Xy-]n. X{Xh[miw `hXn bmw Zni-ta-Xn. {]mW-sskyh
k{amSv Imamb. {]mtWm ssh k{amSv ]caw

{_. ss\\w {]mtWm-P-lm-Xn, khm-tWy\w

`qXm-\y-`n--c-n, tZthm-`qXzm tZhm-\-t]y-Xn, b
Ghw hnZzm-t\-X -Zp-] m-k vtX. lkvX y-j Zw k
l{kw ZZmao Xntlm-hmN \tIm sshtZlx k
tlmhmN bm- h ev I yx ]nXmta - f a\yX
\m\\p injy-l-tc-tX-Xn.

GXmtWm Atbvv Hcp BNm-cy ]d-p-X-n-pXv AXv \mw tIs Fp bm-h-evIy ]d-p.
iqev_s ]p{X-\mb DZ- {]mW-\mWv {_-sav
F\np ]d-p-X-n-pv Fp P\-I ]d-p. F{]Im-c-am-tWm, amXm-hp-h\pw ]nXm-hp--h\pw BNm-cy-\p-h\pw Bbn-cn-p--h ]d-p-X-cp--Xv, A{]-Im-c-amWv, {]mW-\mWv {_-sav iuev_m-b\
- ]d-p-X-Xv. {]mWn-b
v m--h\v {]m-W-\n-m-- h\v FmWv Dmbn-cn-p-Xv? Fp ]d-nv bm-h-evIy tNmZn-p.
Fm AXn-s-B {]mW- \m-Ip {_-ns Bb-X\-tbpw {]Xn-jvT-tb-bpw- -aq-p-Im-e-n- ep-ap B{i-btbpw B BNm-cy Atbvp ]dp-X-pthm?
F\nv ]d-p-X-n-n Fp P\-I ]d-p. k{am-t,
CXp-Cu {_w Hcp Imep-am-{X-ap--Xm-Wtm Fp
bm-h -e vI y ]d- p. Atbm bm-h ev I ym
CsXmw Adnb-m-hp Ap-Xs \app ]d-p-X-cnI
Fp P\-I At]- n-p. {]mWX-s-bmWv Cu {_ns ico-cw. BImiw BWv aqp Ime-n-ep-ap
B{ibw CXns\ {]nbw Fp-hv D]m-kn-Ww Fp
bm-h-evIy ]d-p. tl bm-h-evIy, CXn-\p
{]nbXw FmWv? Fp tNmZyw. k{am-t, {]mWXs
{]nb-amWv Fp bm-h-eI
v y adp]Sn ]d-p. k{amt, {]mW\p thn-bm-Wtm bPn-n-p-hm ]mSn-m-hs\ bPn-n-bpw Zm\w hmm ]mSn-m--hs Zm\w
hmp-Ibpwt]mepw sNp--Xv. GXp Znn t]mIppthm AhnsS h[m-i--bp-m-Ip-p. k{am-t, CsXmw
{]mW {]nb- \m- b- Xp-sIm- p-X- s. k{am- t, {]mWX-sbmWv ]c-a-amb {_w. BcmtWm C{]-Imcw Adn-psImv CXns\ D]m-kn-p-Xv Chs\ {]mW Dt]-np-I-bn-. Fm `qX- fpw D]-lmcw apX-em-bXp \In
Ahs\ ktm-jn-npw. tZh-\m-bn-ov tZh-msc
A]n-K-anpw Fp bm-he
- vIy XpSp ]d-p.
lkvXn-tb- tm-ep Ej- `- tm-Sp- Iq-Snb Bbncw ]ip- sf
Rm Abvp Xcpp Fv hntZ-lm-[n- ]-\mb P\-I
]d-p. AXp-tI bm-he
- vIy ]dp: injys\
A\p-im-knv IrXm-\m-msX injy-\n\np [\w
hm-cp-sXv Fs ]nXmhv hnNm-cn-n-cp-p.

4. D] btZh tX InZ {_hoXv Xr-Whm taXn.

A{_- h o- t - _ phmjv W pssh
{_t-Xn. bYm-am-Xr-am ]nXr-am-Xm-Nmcyhm
{_qbmXv X Ym X Zzm jvtW m - f {_ ho- pssh {_t-Xn. A]-iytXm ln Inw kymZnXn. A{_- h oXv Xp tX Xkym - f - f bX\w

325

{]XnjvT mw? \ta -f {_ho ZnXn. GI ]mZzm

GXX v k{am U nXn. kss h t\ m {_ qln
bmh-evIy. Np-tchm -f f- bX\ amImix
{]XnjvTm, kXyan tXy\-Zp-]m-ko-X. Im kXyXm
bm - h e vIy? N p- t c h k {am U nX n
tlmhmN Np-jmssh k{am-Sv, ]iy-amlp
c{Zmo cnXn. k Blm-{Zm--an-Xn. XXv kXyw
`h-Xn. Npssh k{am-Sv, ]caw {_ ss\\w
NpP-l mXn; khmtWy\w `qXm-\ y-` n- cn; tZthm `qXzm tZhm\t]yXn b Ghw hnZymt\-XZp ]mkvtX. lkvXyrj`w kl{kw ZZmao
Xn tlmhmN P\tIm, ssh tZlx. ktlm hmN
bm-hevIyx ]nXmta -f a\yX \m\-\p-injy
ltc tXXn.

- h\pw BN-cy- \p-- h\pw Bbn- p--h ]d- bp-Xv A{]Im-c-amWv hrjvWs ]p{X Np-mWv {_-sav ]dp- X- Xv Fs- m Ip ImWm- - h\v Fm- Wp- mbn-c n- m- h p- Xv ? Fp bm- h -e v I y ]d- p.
]nsbpw tNmZnp- Fm, B {_-ns B bX-\t-bpw--i-co-c-sbpw {]Xn-jT
v -tb-bpw--aqp Ime-n-epap B{i-b-tbpw Atbvv ]d-p-X-n-ptm?
F\np ]d-p-X-n-n Fp P\-I ]d-p. k{amt, CXv-Cu {_w Hcp Imep am{X- ap--Xm-Wtm Fp
b-hvey ]d-p. Atbm bm-he
- vIy, Adn-bmhp Ap-Xs \app ]d-p-X-cnI Fp P\-I
At]-n-p. B bX-\m--i-c-cw- -Np-p-X-s. {]Xn-jT
v -aqp Ime-n-ep-ap B{i-bw--B-Imi-am-Ip-p. kXyw
Fp-hv CXns\ D]m-kn-Ww Fp bm-h-evIy
]d-p. Atbm bm-hevIy Fp kXy-amWv CXn-\pXv? Fp P\-I tNmZn-p. Atbm k{am-t, Npp-Xs kXy-am-Ipp Fp-]-d
nv bm-he
- vIy
]dp: Np-p-sIm- p ImWp--h-t\mSv \o Ipthm?
Fp tNmZn-m-dp--tm. Ah Rm Ip Fp ]dbp-p. AXp kXyw-Xs BIp-p. k{am-t, Np-p-Xs-bmWv ]c- a-amb {_w. BcmtWm C{]-Imcw Adn-psImv CXns\ D]m-kn-p--Xv, Chs\ Npv Dt]-n-bn-. Fm `qX- fpw Chs\ D]-lm-cm-Zn-IsImp
ktm-jn-n-pw. Ah tZh-\m-bn-ov tZh-m-cn
ebn-pw. lkv Xn-sb-tm-se-bp Ej-`-tm-Sp-Iq-S nb
Bbncw tKmsf Rm Atbvp Xcpp Fv hntZlm-[n-]-\mb P\-I ]d-p. bm-he
- vIy AXn-\pcw ]dp: injys\ A\p-im-knp IrXm-\mmsX injy-\n\np [\w hmn-qSm Fv Fs
]nXmhp hnNm-cn-n-cp-p.

5. D] btZh tX InZ {_hoXv Xy-Whm ta

Xn A{_-h ot KZ`o- h n- ] otXm `mcZzm Px
t{im{Xw ssh{_-t-Xn, bYm amXr-am ]nXram-\m-Nm-cy-hm {_q-bmXv XYm-XZv `mcZzmtPm f {_ho-t-Xm{Xw ssh {_t-Xn. AirWzmtXm
ln Inw kymZnXn A{_-hoXv XptX Xky f -f b
X\w {]XnjvTmw? \ ta -f {_ho XnXn GI]mZzm GXXv k{am UnXn k ssh t\m {_qln
bm-hevIy t{im{Xtahm -f -f bX-\, amImix
{]Xnjv T m - f \ CtXy\ Zp]m- k nX I - f
\Xm bm-hevIy? Zni Gh k{am, UnXn
tlm hmN. Xk-avmssZz k{am, U]nbmw Imw N
Zniw KXn ss\hmkym Aw KXn A\m
ln Zntim, Zntim ssh k{am- S v , t{im{Xm,
t{im{Xw Plm-Xn, khm-tWy\mw `qXm\y `nGXmtWm Atbvv Hcp BNm-cy ]d-p-X- -pcn; tZthm `qXzm tZhm- \ - t ]y- X nb Ghw
Xv AXp \mw tI- s. Fp bm- h-evIy ]d-p.
hnZzmt\ XZp-] mkvt XlkvXyr j`w kl{kw
hrjvWs ]p{X-\mb _p F BNm-cy NpZZmao Xn tlmhmN P\tIm sshtZlx ktlmmWv {_-sav F\np ]d-p-X-n-p-v Fp P\hmN bm-hevIyx]nXmta f- a\yX \m\-\pI ]d-p. F{]-Im-c-amtWm amXm-hp--h\pw ]nXm-hpinjy ltc tXXn.

GXmtWm Atbvv Hcp BNm-cy ]d-p-X-n-p- Xv, AXp \mw tIs Fp bm- h-evIy ]d-p.
`c-Zzm-Ps ]p{X-\mb KZ-`o-hn-]o-X F BNm-cy
t{im{Xw Xs-bmWv {_w Fv F\np ]dp-X-np-v. Fp P\-I ]d-p. F{]-Im-c-amtWm amXm-hp-h\pw ]nXm-hp--h\pw BNm-cy-\p--h\pw Bbn-p--h
]d-p- X- cp-Xv A{]- Im-c-am- Wv, t{im{Xw Xs-bmWv {_sav `c- Zzm- Ps ]p{X ]d- -Xv. Fs-m, tIm
km[n-m--h\v Fm-Wp-m-bn- cn-pI? Fp ]d- nv
bm-h-evIy tNmZnp: Fm B t{im{X-am-Ip
{_-ns Bb-X-\-t-bpw-- i-co-c-sbpw {]Xn-jT
v -tbbpw- B-{i-b -t bpw ]d- p-X - n- ptm? F\nv
]dp Xn-n Fp P\-I adp-]Sn ]d-p. k{am-t,
CXv-Cu ]d-p- X {_w Hcp Imep am{X- ap--Xm- Wtm
Fp bm-he
- I
v y ]d-p. Atbm bmhevIym
Ap-Xs \app ]d-p-X-cnI Fp P\-I At]n- p. icocw t{im{Xw Xs-bm-W.v B{ibw BIm-i- amIp A\w Fp-hv CXns\ D]m-kn--Ww. Fp
bm-h-evIy ]d-p. Atbm bm-h-evIym, CXn\p A\-X GXmWv? Fp P\-I tNmZn-p. k{amt, Znp- I Xs- bmWv A\-X Fp ]d- nv bmh-evIy ]dp: AXn-\m BWv k{am-t, GXp Znntebvp t]mbmepw CXns Ah-km-\s Xobmbpw
{]m]n-m--Xv. Znp-I A\---fm-Wtm. Znp-I
Xs- bm-W,v k{am- t, t{im{Xw. t{im{Xw Xs- bm-Wv, k{amt, ]c- a-amb {_w. BcmtWm C{]-Imcw Adn-p- sImWv
CXns\ D]m-kn-p--Xv, Chs\ t{im{Xw Dt]-n--bn-.
Fm `qX-fpw Chs\ D]-lm-cmZn ka-Ww-sImp
ktm- jn- npw. Ah tZh- \m- bn- ov tZh- msc A]n-

326

I K-an-pw--tZ-h-m-cn ebn-pw. lkvXn-sb-tm-se-bp

Ej-`-tm- Sp-Iq- Snb Bbncw tKmsf Rm Xcp-p. Fv
hntZ-lm-[n-]-\mb P\-I ]d-p. bm-he
- vIy ]dp. injys\ A\p-im-knp IrXm-\m-msX injyt\mSp [\w hmn-qSm Fp Fs ]nXmhv hnNm-cn-ncp-p.

6. D] btZh tX In-Z-{_-ho-Xv, Xr-WhmtaXn.

A{_-hot kXy-Imtam Pm_mtemat\m ssh
{_t-Xn. bY amXr-am ]nXram\m-Nm-cy-hm
{_qbm-Xv, XYm Xm_mtem -f {_ho- t\m
ssh {_tXn Aa-\tkmln Inw kymXv? CXn.
A{_-hoXv Xp tXXkym -f-f bX\w {]XnjvTmw/
\ta -f {_hoZnXn. GI-] mZzm GXXv k{am
UnXn. kssh t\m {_qln bm-h-evIy. a\
Ghm -f f- bX-\, amImix {]XnjvTm -f f- \
CtXy- \ Zp]mko- X . Im - f- f \ Xm bm hevIy? a\ Gh k{am-UnXn tlmhmN a\km
ssh k{amSv kv{Xnb-a-`n-lm-cy-tX, Xkymw {]Xncq]x ]pt{Xm PmbtX; k B\x at\m ssh
k{amSv ]caw {_; ss\\w at\m Plm-X n,
khmtWy\w `qXm-\y-`n--c-n, tZthm `qXzm
tZhm\t]yXn b Ghw hnZzm-t\-X -Zp-] m-k vtX.
lkvX yrj`w kl{kw ZZmao Xn tlmhmN
P\tIm ss htZl x. k tlm- h mN bm hevIyx ]nXmta -f a\yX Xm\-\p-injy ltctXXn

p--B-\--tl-Xp-hm-Ip-p. k{am-t, a\-p-X

s- bmWv ]ca- amb {_w. BcmtWm Cs\ Adn- p-sImv CXns\
D]m-kn- p-Xv Chs\ a\v Dt]- n--bn- . Chs\ Fm
`qX-fpw D]-lm-c- kan-pw apw ktm-jn-n-pw.
Ah tZh-\m-bn-onv tZh-m-cn ebn-pw. lkvXnsb-tm- ep Ej- `- tm-Sp- Iq- Snb Bbncw ]ip- sf Rm
Xcpp Fv hntZ-lm-[n-]-\mb P\-I ]d-p. B
bm-h-evIy ]dp: injys\ A\p-im-kn-msX
injy-\n\np [\w kzoI-cn-p-IqSm Fv Fs ]nXmhv
hnNm-cn-n-cp-p.

7. D] btZh tX In-Z-{_-hoXv Xr-WhmtaXn.

A{_hot hnZKvx imIteym lrZbw ssh
{_tXn. bYm-am-Xr-am ]nXram\mNm-cy-hm
{_qbmXv XYm Xm-I teym -f {_oZv [rXbw
ssh {_t-Xn. A{_hoXv Xp tX Xkym f- -fb
X-\w, {]XnjvTmw? \ta f- {_ho ZnXn GI-]mZv
hm GXXv k{am, UnXn. k ssh tXm {_qln
bmhevIy lrZ-b-tahm -f f- bX-\, amImix
{] Xnj v T m, nXn- c n- t Xy\ Zp]m- k oX Im
nXnXm bm-h evI y lrZb tah k{am,
U nX n. tl mhmN l r Zbw s s h k {amSv
kthjmw `qXm-\ m- am-b -X \w lrZbw ssh
k{amSv kthjmw `qXm\mw {]Xn-jvTm-lr-Ztb
tlyh k{amSv khmWn `qXm\n {]Xn-jvTn-Xm\n
`hn lrZbw ssh k{amSv ]caw {_. ss\\w
lrZbw PlmXn; khm-tWy\w `qXm-\y-`n-cn; tZthm `qXzm tZhm-\ -t ]yXn; b Ghw
GXmtWm Atbvv Hcp BNm-cy ]d-p-X-n-phnZzmt\X-Zp-]m-kvtX. lkvXyr j`w kl{kw
- Xv, AXp \mw tIs Fp bm- h-evIy ]d-p.
ZZmaoXntlm hmN P\tIm ssh tZlx ktlmP_m-e-bpsS ]p{X-\mb kXy-Im-a, a\-mWp {_-sav
hmNbm-hevIyx: ]nXm ta -f a\yX \m\F\np ]dp-X- n-pv Fp P\-I adp-]Sn ]d- p.
\pinjy ltc-tX-Xn.
F{]-Im-c-am-tWm, amXm-hp--h\pw ]nXm-hp--h\pw BNmcy-\p--h\pw Bbn-p--h ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xv, A{]Im-c-am-Wv, P_m-eb
- psS ]p{X a\-mWv {_w Fv
]d-Xv. Fs- m, a\-n-m--h\v Fm-Wp-m-bncn-m-hp-Xv? Fp ]d-nv bm-h-evIy tNmZn-p.
Fm Atbvv B a\m-Ip {_s Bb-X-\t-bpw- -i-co-c-t-bpw, {]-Xn-jT
v - tb-bpw--B-{i-b-tbpw
]d-p-X-n-ptm? F\np ]d-R- Rp-X- n-n Fp P\I ]d-p. k{am-t, Cu {_w Hcp ]mZw am{X- ap--XmWtm Fp bm-h-eI
v y ]d-p. Atbm bmh-eI
v y, A-s\-bp Ap-Xs \ap-p-]-tZ-in-p-X-cnI
Fp P\-I At]-n-p. icocw a\-p-X- s. {]Xn-jvT-B-{i-bw, BIm-i- am-Ip-p. B\--sa-p-hv CXns\ D]mkn--Ww. F\v\p bm-he
- vIy ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p.
bm-h-eI
v y, CXn-\p B\-Xw FmWv? Fp P\I tNmZn-p. k{am-t, a\-p-Xs B\--am-Ipp Fp
]d-nv bm-h-evIy ]dp: k{am-t, a\-p-sImm-Wtm kv{Xosb {]mn-p--Xv. Ah-fn A\p-cq-]\mb ]p{X P\n-p-p. Ah-B ]p{X--B-\--am-Ip-

GXmtWm Atbvv Hcp BNm-cy ]dpX-n-p- Xv, AXv \mw tIs Fp bm- h- evIy ]d-p.
iI-es ]p{X- \mb hnZ-Kv, lrZ-b-amWv {_w Fv
F\np ]dvRp-X-n- pv Fp P\-I Dcw ]d-p.
F{]-Im-c-amtWm amXm-hp-h
- \pw ]nXm-hp--h\pw BNmcy-\p--h\pw Bbn-p-h
- ]d-p-X-cp--Xv, A{]-Im-camWv imI-ey As\ lrZ-b- amWv {_- sap ]d- pX--Xv. Fs- m, lrZ-b-an-m-- X- h\v FmWv Dmbn-c n- m- h p- Xv ? Fp ]dnp bmhev I
tNmZnp: Fm Atbvv AXn-s B {_ns Bb-X-\t- -bpw--i-co-c-tbpw {]Xn-jT
v -tb-bpw-B-{i-b-tbpw ]d-p-X-n-ptm? F\nv ]d-p-Xn- n Fp P\-I adp-]Sn ]d- p. k{am- t, Cu {_w
Hcp ]mZw a{X-ap-X
- m-Wtm Fp bm-h-evIy ]dp. Atbm bm-hevIy Ap-Xs \apv ]d-pX-cnI Fp P\-I At]-n-p. icocw lrZ-bw-Xs
{]Xn-jvT B{ibw BIm-i-am-Ip-p. nXn Fp-hv
CXns\ D]m-kn-Ww Fp bm-he
- vIy ]d-p.
Atbm bm-he
- vIy, CXn-\p nXnX FmWv?

327

I Fp P\-I tNmZn-p. k{am-t, lrZ-bw-Xs nXn-bm-

Zn-W-amb An-bn D Cu ]pcp-j C

Fp t]cp--h-\m-Ip-p. C- \m-bn-cn-p Ch- s\-bmWv
]tcm-- am-bnv C{ Fv ]d- bp--Xv. Fs-m ]tcm-{]n-b-m- cmb tZh- m {]Xy--ambn t]cp ]d- bp--Xns\
shdp- p--h-cm-Ip-p.

Ipp Fp ]d-nv bm-h-evIy ]dp: k{amt, lrZ-b-amWv Fm `qX-pw Bb-X- \. k{am-t, lrZb-amWv Fm `qX- pw {]Xn-jT
v . Fs-m, k{amt, lrZ-b-n Xs-bmWv Fm `qX- epw {]Xn-jvTn-X-fm-bn-cn-p--Xv. k{am-t, lrZ-b-amWv ]c-a-amb {_w.
10. D] Ass[-X-Zzmta -f Wo ]pcp-j-cq-]ta jm
BcmtWm C{]-Imcw Adn-p-sImv CXns\ D]m-kn-p-f ky ]Xv\o hncmSv; Xtbm-tcj kwkvXmthm
-Xv, Chs\ lrZbw Dt]-n--bn Chs\ Fm `qXb
Gtjm -f lrZb BImix AssY-\ fpw D-]l
- m-cmZnIsImp ktm-jn-npw, Ah
tbmtc
X Zw, b Gtjm -f lrZtb
tZh-\m-bn-onp tZh-m-cn ebn-pw. lkvXn-sb-tmtemln-X-] nx. XssY \tbmtc XXv {]mhe-bp Ej-`-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb Bbncw tKmsf Rm
cWw btZ-X-Z- lrZ tbPm-eI
- -an-h. AssYXcpp Fv hntZ-lm-[n-]\
- mb P\-I ]d-p. bm\t
bmtc
jmkrXn;
k
cnWo,
ssbjm
h-evIy ]dp: injys\ A\p-im-kn-msX injylrZbm Zqzm \mUyp--cX
- n. bYm tIix kl\n\npw [\w hm-cp-sXv Fs ]nXmhv hnNm-cn-n{k[m
`n
Gha
s
skyXmlnXm
\m a\mtkym
cp-p.

cmw {_mWw
8. D] P\tIm l sshtZlx Ipm-Zp-]m-k
hm N \akv t X - f kv X p bm- h - e v I ym\p
amim[o Xn, ktlm-hm-N bYm ssh k{am
alm--a-[zm\ tajy cYw hm \mhw hm kamZZo ssXhta sshXm-`n-c p-]-\ n-jZv` ox kam-lnXmm f- kn. Ghw hrm-cI BVyx k[oX-thZ Dtm-]-\n-jXvI CtXm hnapNyam\x Iz
Kan-jyko Xn. \mlw XZv `Kh thZ-b{X Kanjymao Xn AY sshtX -f lw XZv hyman
b{X Kan-jyko Xn. {_hoXp Khm \nXn.

-f lrZtb {]XnjvTnXm `hn GXm`nm GX-Zm-{kh Zm{k-hXn Xkvam-tZj {]hnhn-m-lm-c-Xc Csshh `hXykvammco cmZm\x

]ns CS-p-I
- n D Cu ]pcp-j-cq]w Cu
C{s ]Xv\n-bmb hncm-m-Ip-p. lrZ-b-a-y-n D
Cu BImiw GtXm CXv Ah-cp-sS-B C{-sbpw C{mWn-bp-sSbpw kwkvXm-h-am-Ip-p. ]ns, lrZ-bm-`m-Kn- ep ]nm-Ir-Xnsb {]m]n-n-cn-p cw GtXm
CXv Ah-cpsS A- am-Ip-p. ]ns lrZ-bm-`m-K-n
Cu he-t]m-se-bp-Xv GtXm CXv Ch-cpsS {]mh-c-W-amIp-p. ]ns lrZ-b
- n \nv Duzm-`n-ap-Jn-bmbn
hntZ-lm-[n-]-\mb P\-I Iq-sa Hcp-Xcw Bk-\- GXp \mUn-bmtWm t]mIp-Xv CXv Ch-cpsS k-cn-pn\nv ASp- Cd-n-s-nv ]dp: Atbm -Xn-\p krXn-bm-Ip-p. Bbn-c-am-bnp t`Zn--s
bm-h- eI
v y-- A-tbvp \a-kvImcw Fs A\p- im-kn- tIjw--X-e\
- mcv GXp {]Im-ctam C{]-Im-c-ap lnX-I
mepw! Fv. bm-h-eI
v y ]dp: k{amt F{]-Im- Fv t] ]d-bp Cu tZl-ns \mUn-I lrZ-bmc-amtWm Hcp ZoL-amb A[zm-hns\ Kan-p-hm t]mIp- `m-K-n Dd-n--s-n-cn-p-p. Ah-bn IqSn-bmWv
-h cY-stbm \uhn-t\tbm FSp-p--Xv, C{]-Imcw Hen-p-t]m-Ip Cu Aw t]mIp--Xv. AXn-\m Cu
Xs Av Cu D]-\n-j-p-I-sf-smv kwbp-m-m- enwKm-mhv Cu ico-c-am-Ip Bm-hn-t\-m kqvahm-bn--H-cp-- samw ]qn-bm-b-h- \mbn Ccn-vIp-p. C{]- X-c-amb Blm-c-tm-Sp-Iq-bnh Xs BIp-p.
Imcw hrm-I-c-\pw- - ]q-Py\pw [\-hm\pw thZ-sf A[yb\w sNbvXn-p--h\pw BNm-cy-m-cm D]-\n-j-p-I 11. D] Xky {]mNo-ZnIv {]mx {]mWm, ZnWm
ZnKvZ- ntW {]mWmx, {]Xo-N o-Z nIv {]Xyx
D]-tZ-in--s--h\pw BsW-n Av CXn\n-v- Cu
{]mWm, DZoNo ZnKp- Z x {]mWm Duz
tZl-n\nv hnp-t]m-Ip-tm FhnsS t]mIpw? `KZnKqzmx {]mWm, AhmNo ZnK-hmx {]mWmx,
hmt\, Rm Fhn- sS-bmtWm t]mIp-hm t]mIp--Xv, AXv
khm-Znix kth {]mWmx k Gj t\Xn-t\Xn
Rm Adn-bp-n Fp P\-I ]d-p. A-s\-bmBm -f Krtlym \ ln KrlytX -f iotcym \
sW-n Fp Fhn-sS-bmtWm t]mIp-hm t]mIp--Xv,
ln iocytX -f kMv t Km \ ln kPytX - f
AXv Atbvv Rm ]d-p-Xcmw Fp bm-hkntXm \ hyYtX \ cnjyXn A`bw ssh
evIy ]d-p. `K-hm ]d-p-X-mepw! Fp P\-I
]d-p.
P\I {]m]vt Xm - f kn Xntlm- h mN bm-

9. D]-C
- tm l ssh \mssaj tbm f- bw Zn
tW f- ]pcpjx Xw hm GX-anw kan{ CXym-N -W tX ]tcm-t -W -s sh. ]tcm{]nbm Ch ln tZhmx {]Xy--Zznjx

hIyx k tlmhmN P\ tIm sshtZ tlm f`bw Xzm K-XmZv bm-hevIy tbm t\m `Kh--`bw thZ-btk; \akvtX f- kvXnta hntZ
lm Ab-a-l-akvXn

328

B hnZzm\v Ing-t-Znv Ing-p {]mW--fm-Ip-p.

sXt-Znp sXp {]mW-- fm-Ip-p. ]Sn-m-td-Znp
]Sn-m-dp {]mW--fm-Ip-p. hS-p-Znp hS-p
{]mW--fm-Ip-p. apI-fn-ep Znp apI-fn-ep {]mW-fm-Ip-p. Xmg-bp Znp Xmsg-bp {]mW--fm-Ipp. Fm {]m-W
- -fp-am-Ip-p. CXmWv t\Xn-t\Xn Fp
a[p-Im--n \nt-in--s-n-p Bm-hv. Cu
Bmhv {Kln--s-Sp-hm Ign-bm--Xm-Ip-p. Fsm, AXp {Kln--s-Sp-h- n-. s]mSn-p-t]m-ImXmIp-p. Fs- m s]mSn-p-t]m-Ip-n-. kMvK-an-m-Xm-Ip-p. Fs- m kwKs {]m]n-p- n-. _n-s-Sm--Xm-Ip-p. Fs-m hyYn-p-n-. AXn-\m
lnwksb {]m]n-p-n-. \in-p-n-. Atbm P\-I,
A`-bs Av {]m]vX-\m-bn-cn-pp Fp bm-hevIy ]d-p. B hntZ-lm-[n-]-\mb P\-I ]dp:
Atbm bm- hevIy `K- hmt\ F\np A`- bs Adnbn-p-X-cp Atbpw A`-bw--A-iq-\y-am-bn-p-Xv
{]m]n--s. Atbvv \a-kvmcw! hntZ-l- CXm!
Rm CXm!

aqmw {_mWw
12. D] P\Iw l sshtZlw bm-hevIym PKma
ktat\ \ hZnjy CXn. AY l b-\-I
sshtZtlm bm- h - e v I y- mn tlmt{X
kaqZm tX. Xkvssal bm-htIym hcw
ZZu k l Ima-{]-iv\-tah ht{h Xw l kvssa
ZZu. Xw l k{am-tUh ]qw ]{]

14. D] AkvXa
- nX BZntXy bm-hevI y Inw
tPymXn-tc-hmbw ]qcpj CXn N{am Ghmky
tPymXn`-h-XoXn N{-a-ssk-hmbw tPymXnjm
kvtX ]ey-btX Ia IpcptX hn]-tey-Xo-tXyh
tassh-XZv bm-h-e vIy,

tl bm-h- eI
v ym, BZn-Xy AkvX-an-p-tm Cu
]pcp-j GXn tPymXn-p--h-\mIpw? bm-h-evI
]d-p. Cu ka-bv N{-\n Ahs tPymXn-p-mIpw, N{s cq]-n- ep tPymXn-p-hgn Ch Ccn-pIbpw Atmpw Ctmpw t]mIp-Ibpw Iw sNpIbpw Xncn-p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw sNp-p. P\-I tNmZn-p. tl
bm-h-eI
v ym, Cu Imcyw C-s\-X-s- bmtWm

15. D]--A -k vX -anX BZntXy bm-hevI y N{

aky- k vX -a ntX Inw tPymXn-tc-h mbw ]pcpj
CXy ntc- h mky tPmXn`- h - X o- X y- n- t c- \ hmbw tPymXn-jmkvtX ]ey-btX Ia IcptX
hn]teyXo-tXy-h-t a-ssh-X Zv bm-hevI y.
P\-I tNmZnp tl bm- h-evIym, BZn-Xy AkvXan-p-t]mbn I-gn-npw Cu ]pcp-j GXn tPymXn-p-h-\m-Ipw. bm-h-eI
v y ]d-p. Ahs tPymXnv
An-bn-em-Ip-p. Ah An cq]-tPym-Xn-p-hgn Ccnp-Ibpw Atm- p- an-tmpw k-cn-p-Ibpw I-
sNp-I bpw Is hcn- p-Ibpw sNp-p. tl
bm-hevIym! Cu Imcyw A-s\-bmtWm.

16. D]. AkvXa

- nX BZntXy bm-hevIy N{
aky-k vX -antX imt -f u Inw tPymXn-tchntZ- lm- [n- ]-\mb P\- Is ASp- bm- hIy
hmbw ]pcpj CXn-hmtK hmky tPymXn`-hsNp. At-lw--bm--hIy cmPm-hn\p Rm Hpw
Xo-Xn, hmssN-hmbw tPymXn-jmkvtX ]ey-btX
]d-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bn Fv hnNm-cn-n-cp-p. Fm
Ia IpcptX ]n]- t ey- X oXn Xkv a mZv ssh
Ftm hntZ-lm-[n-]-\mb P\-I\pw bm-hIy\pw
k{amU]n b{X kzx ]mn\ hn\nm-btX
An-tlm-{X-hn-j-b-n kwhmZw sNbvX n-cp-pthm
-f Y b{X hmKp--c-Xyp-ss]h X{X tPymXn-tXyAtm At-l-n- \-v-P-\-I-\-v-bm-- hIy hcw-sImhta sshXZv bm-hevIy.

Sp-p. AtlwP- \-I--C-w-t]mse tNmZn- p- hm- \p-- Atl bm-he

- I
v y, BZn-Xy AkvX-an-p-Ig- n-bp-tm\p-hmZw hcnp: B hcs At-l-n-\-v- P-\-I-\v--sIm-Spp-Ibpw sNbvXp. bm-h Iy-t\mSv k{am-p-Xs gpw, N{ AkvX-an-p-I-gn-bp-tm-gpw, An im-am-bn-gn-bp-tmgpw Cu ]pcp-j GXn tPymXn-tm-Sp-Iq-SnBZyw tNmZnp:
b-hm-\-Ipp? bm-h-evIy ]d-p. hmp-Xs
13. D] bm-h-evIy, Inw tPymXn-cbw ]pcpj
Chs tPymXn-m-bn-o-cp-p. Ch hm{Kq-]-am-Ip
CXn. BZn-Xy-tPymXnx k{am, UnXn tlm hmN:
BZntXy ss\hmbw tPymXnjm f- -f kvtX, ]ey- tPymXnv hgn-bm-bn-Xs Ccn-p-I-bpw, Ans\ hopw
b-tX, I-Ip-cp-tX, hn]tey XoXn Gh-tassh k-cn-p-I-bpw, Iw A\p-jvTn-p-I-bpw, aS-n-hc- nIbpw sNp-p. tl k{am-v, FhnsS A-bpsS Ic-
XZv bm-hIy.
Fn-s-Sp-n--tbm, AhnsS B \nan-j-n hmWn Dbm-hIy, Cu ]pcp-j Fp tPymXn-tm-Sp-Iq- cn--s-Spbpw IS-p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw sNp-p. tl bmSn-b-h-\mWv Fp cmPmhp tNmZn-p. k{am-t, BZn-Xy-\m- hevIy Cmcyw An- s\-X-s-bmtWm?
Ipp tPymXn-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\m-Ipp Fp ]d-nv
- nX BZntXy bm-hevIy N{bm-hIy XpSp. Cu ]pcp-j BZn-Xy-\m-Ip 17. D] AkvXa
ak
yk
v
X
a
ntX
imt f- u imbmw hmNn
tPymXn- p- sIm-p-X-s-bm-Wv, Ccn-p- Xpw, t]mIp-- Xpw,
Inw
tPymXnt
ch
mbw ]pcpj CXy-ss-hmky
tPmen sNp--Xpw.

329

tPymXn`-h-Xo-Xy--ss\-hmbw tPymXn-jmkvtX
]ey-btX Ia IpcptX hn]-tey-Xo-Xn.

18. D] IXa BtXn tbm -f Yw hnm-\a bx

{]mtWjp lrZy- tPymXnx ]pcpjx k
kam\x kp`u temIm-h\p k-cXn [ymbXoh teem-b -X oh k ln kz]vt\m `qtXzaw
temIaXn{Im-aXn artXym cq]m-Wn.
Bmhv Fm-Ipp? bm-h -evIy ]d- p.
bmsXmv {]mW--en _pn- hr-n- Ip-n hkn-pXpw hnm-\-a-b-hpw, tPymXn-kz-cq-]-\p-amb ]pcp-j-\mbn-cn-p-p-thm, AXpw kam-\-ambn (_p-n-hr-n- Ip
kZr-iw) Cl-tem-I-n-epw, ]c-tem-I-nepw cnepw
k-cn-p-p. AXv (_p-n-hr-n-I-\p-k-cn-v) Nnnp--Xp-t]m-se-bpw, {]hn-p--Xp-t]m-sebpw BIpp. AXp-Xs kz]v\-ambn Cu temI-t-bpw, arXyp-cq]--tfbpw AXn-{I-aWw sNp-p.

19. D] k hm Abw ]pcptjm Pmb-km\x icoc

a`n kw]-Zy-am\x ]m]va`nx k Hm krPytX k
DXv{Im-a {hnb-amWx ]m]vat\m hnPlmXn.
AXv Cu ]pcpj Pw kzoI-cn- p kabw ico-cs
B-`m-ht- m-Sp-IqSn kznI-cn-p-sImv ]m]-fp-ambn
IqSn-t-cp-I-bpw, acn-p ka-b
- v- -D-Xv{I-aW ka-b
- v-]m-]
- sf Dt]-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p.

20. D]: Xky hm GXky ]pcp-j ky th Gh

mt\ `hX CZw N ]c- tem- I - m\w N
km[yw XrXobw kz]v \ - m\w Xkv a n
kwt[y mt\ XnjvT- ttX Dt` mt\
]iy-XoZw N ]c-tem-I-m\w N, AY bYm{Itam -f b]c temI- mt\ `hXn Xam-{Ia
am{Itaym `bm ]m]v a \ B\m Hmw
]iyXn k b{X {]kz]n- X yky temIky
km-h tXm am{Xm-a]mZmb kzbw hnlXy
kzbw \namb tkz\`mkm tkz\ tPymXnjm
{]kz-]nXy {Xmbw ]pcpjx kzbw tPymXn`-h- Xn.

tbpw hon-p-p. Cu ]pcp-j ]c-tem-I- m-\-n\p-thn F{]-Imcw km[-\-I-fm k--\m-bn-cn-p-pthm, Ahsb B{i-bnv Ch ]m]-tbpw (Zpx Jw) B\tl bmh- eI
v y, BZn-Xy AkvX- an- -Xn-\p-ti-j-hpw,
-t-bpw--c-n-t\bpw ImWp-p. Ch Dd-p kabw
N{ AkvX-an- -Xn\p tijhpw An im-am-Xn\p tijCu k-kz-amb temI-ns am{Xsb FSp-v, kzbhpw, hmv im- am-b-Xn-\p-ti-jhpw Cu ]pcp-j GXn
am-bn-s Cu qe-i-co-cs \nt--am-n, AXptPymXn-tm-Sp-IqSn hkn-pp? bm-h-eI
v y ]dp
t]mse kzb-ambn Xs hmk-\m-a-ba
- mb tZls cNnBm-hp-X-s- bmWv Chs tPymXn-m- bn-o-cp- -Xv. Cu
v, Xs {]Im-i-tm-Sp-IqSn BbXv Xs tPymXn-kz-cq-]Bm-hm-Ip tPymXnv hgn-bmbn Xs Ah Ccn-ptm-Sp-IqSn ibn-pp; Cu Ah- -bn Cu ]pcp-j
I-bpw, Anp k-cn-p-I-bpw, Iw sNp-Ibpw
kzbw tPymXn-kz-cq-]-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
]noSv aS-n-h-cn- Ibpw sNp-p.

AXv Cu ]pcp-js Cl-tem-I-m\w ]c-tem-Im\w F cv m\--fm-Ip- p. Chs aqm-as

m\w kz]v\-m-\-amb kym-m-\-am-Ip- p. B
kym- m-\p nXn-sN-bvXp-sImv Ch Cu temIcq-]-am-Ip m\-tbpw ]c-tem-I-cq-]-amb m\-

21. D]x \ X{X cYm \ cY-tbmKm \ ]mt\m

`h-\yY cYm cY-tbm-Km ]Yx krPtX \
X{Xm- \ m apZx {]aptZm `h- y-Y m-\ - m- pZx
{]apZx kpP- tX, \ X{X thimmx ]pjvI cnWyx {khtym `h-yY thim-m ]pjvIcnWox {khox krPtX k ln IXm
B Ah--bn cY-an-, cY-n ]qp-h (A-iz)-bn-, am-an-. Fm Ah cY-hpw, cY-n
]qp--h-bpw, hgn-Ifpw krn-p-p. B Ah--bn
B\-w, tamZw, {]tamZw Ch-sbmpw Cm-Ip-n-.
Fm Ah B\-w, tamZw, {]tamZw Chsb krnp-p. AhnsS sNdnb sNdnb If-fpw, kc-p-I-fpw,
\Zn-Ifpw Dm-bn-cn-p-n; Ah Ipf--fpw, kc-pI-fpw, \Zn-Ifpw krn-p-p AhXs Ah-bpsS
IXm-hm- Ip-p.

22. D]x XtZtX tmIm `h-n, kz]vt\\ imcoc

a`n- {]- l Xym kp]v X x kp]v X m- \ - ` n- N m-I -i o-X n,
ip{I amZmb ]p\-sscXn m\-Hmw-ln-cW
- y-abx
]pcp j GI-l-Hmwkx.
Cu hnjbw kw_-n-p--XmWv Cu tmI---Bmhv kz]v\w hgn-bmbn ico-cs \nt--am-n-bnv
kzbw Dd-msX \n{Z-bn-em Fm hkvXp--tfbpw {]Imin-n-p-p. Ah ip-amb C{nb am{Xm-cq-]s
kzoIcnv hopw PmK-cnX m\p hp-tN-cp-\v#p.
lncWy (tPym-Xn-kz-cq-]0 ]pcp-j GI-\m-bn-s
k-cn-p-p.

23. D]x {]mtW\ c-W -hcw Ipembw _lnjv

Irem-bm-Z-ar-X
- -cn-Xzm, k Cub-tX-S-hrtXm b{X
Ima-Hmw-ln-c-Wy-abx ]pcpj GI-l-Hmwkx.
Cu \nIr--amb imco-cn-I-{]m-W- \n\npw c- s]-psImv Ah Aar-X-[m- hmb ico-c-tmSp IqSn shfnbn kcn-p-p. B GI-\mbn k-cn-p lnc-b-\mb Aar-X-]p-cp-j FhnsS hmk-\-bp-m-Ip-p-thm,
Atmp ISp t]mIp-p.

24. D]x kz]v\ m Dm-h -N -ao-b -amt\m cq]mWn

tZhx IpcptX _lq-\n, DtXh kv{Xo`nx kl
tamZ-amt\m P-Zp-tX-hm]n `bm\n ]iy

330

{]Xn- \ ymbw {]Xn- t bm- \ ym- { Z- h Xn _pmm

B tZh kz]v\- m-\-n D-\o- N- `m-h- se {]m]np-sImv hn`n cq]- kzoI-cn-p-p. CXp-t]m-sessbh.
Xs kv{XoI-tfm- Sp-IqSn B\--a-\p-`-hn-p-p. (an-{X--tfmB ]pcp-j Cu Pm{K-Zm-h--bn can-p-Ibpw hnlSq-Iq-Sn) Nncn-p-If
- n-p-p. (hym-{Lm-Zn-I-sf) `bp Pohncn-p-Ibpw sNbvXv, ]pWy-]m-]
- sf Iv, F{]-Imcw
p-p.
hn-cp-p-thm, AtX am-nqSn bYm-m-\a
- mb
25. D]x Bcm-a-aky ]iyn \ Xw ]iyXn I kz]v\-m-\-t-p-Xs aSn t]mIp-p.
t\Xn, Xw \mbXw t_m[-tb-Zn-X ymlpx, `n
jPy Hmw lmkvs sa `hXn btaj \ {]Xn]ZytX, AtYm Jezm-lqPm-K-c n-X-tZi Ghm
sskyj CXn bm\n tlyh Pm{KXv ]iyXnXm\n
kp]vX CXy-{Xmbw ]pcpjx kzbw tPymXn
`hXn tkm f- lw `K-htX kl{kw ZZm-ayX
Du[z hntam-mb {_qlo-Xn.
Fm a\p-jycpw Ahs kpJs ({Io-Um-km-a-{KnI-sf) am{Xw ImWp-p, Ahs\ Bcpw ImWp-n-. B Ddn--gn-bp Bm-hns\ s]sv DW-cpXv Fv
(ssh-Zy-m) ]d-bp-p. bmsXm-cn-{n-b-{]- tZ-iv Ch Ddn--gn-bp--h-\m-bn-cn-p-p-thm, AXn C{n-b-se
{]m]n-m--Xn-\m Ahs icocw Zpn-In-ym-am-bn-ocp-p. AXp ImcWw ]ecpw C{]-Imcw Bhiyw ]d-bm-dpv. CXv (kz-]v\-m-\w) Chs PmK-cnX tZiw XsbmWv; Fp-sIm-s-m Ah DWp Ign-bp-
bmsXmcp hkvXp-X-Isf Zin-p-p-thm, Ah-I-sf-s
\n{Zm-h- -bnepw Ah Zin-p-p. (F- m AXp icnb-) P\-I ]d-p: P\-I-\mb Rm {ioam\v Bbncw
ap{Z \Ip-p,--C\n F\nv tams D]-tZ-in-p-X-mepw.

26. D] k hm Gj GX-kvan kw{]-kmtZ cXzm

NcnXzm Zrsszh ]pWyw N ]m]w N ]p\x
{]Xn-\ymbw {]Xn-tbm-\ym-{Z-hXn kz]v\m ssbh
k b{X InnXv ]iy-Xy-\-Xzm-KX kvtX\
`h-Xy-kMvtKm lybw ]pcpj CtXyh tasshX Zv bm - h e vIy tk m - f l w ` K- h tX
kl{kw ZZ- a yX Du[z hntam- m- s sbh
{_qlo-Xn.

28. D] XZv bYm alm-ay Dt`-Iqte A\pkw

NcXn ]qh Nm]cw ssNh-ta-hmbw ]pcpj
GXmhp `mh-m-h-\p-kw-Nc
- Xn kz]v \mw N
_pmw N.
F{]-Imcw GsX-nepw hen-b-Xpw, `mcn-X
- p-amb ay \Zn-bpsS Ingpw ]nS-mdpw Xnc--fnqSn {Iaambn k-cn-p-p-thm, A{]-ImcwXs Cu ]pcp-j
kv]v\m-\-pw, PmKcn-X-m-\pw cp m\-fnepw {Ia-ambn k-cn-p-p.

29. D] XZv bYm- k v a n- W m- I mti tiyt\m hm

kq]tWm hm hn]-cn-]Xy {imx k Hmwl
Xy ]u kwe-bm-ssbh {[nbX Gh-tahmbw
] pc pj G X - k vam- A - mb [ mhX n b{X
kp]vtXm \ I\ Imaw Ima-btX \ I\
kz]v\w ]iy-Xn.
Fns\ BIm-i-n ]cpv Fm `mKpw AXnth-K-n ]dp k-cn-nv oWn Nnd-Ip-I hncnv
AXns Iqn-tev t]mIp-p-thm, AXp-t]mse Cu ]pcpj bmsXm-cn-Sv Dd- p-tm bmsXmcp t`mKs Cnm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw bmsXmcp kz]v\w ImWm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw
sNp-pthm B m\-tp ]mp-t]m-Ip-p.

30. D] Xm hm AsskyXm lnXm \ma \mt[ym

bYm tIix kl-{k[m `n-kvXm-h-Xm-Wnav\m
Xn jvTXn ipky \oeky ]nMv K-e ky lcnXky temln- X ky ]qWm AY bss{X\w
[v \ oh Pn\oh lkv X nh hnOm- b - b Xn
KX-anh ]XXn tZh Pm{K-Zv`bw ]iyXn XZ{Xm-hn-Zybm hbytX f- Y b{X tZh Ch-cm-tPhm- l -t a- th- ZHmw ktm - f kv a oXn a\ytX
Cu Bmhv Cu kz]v\-m-\
- n can-p-Ibpw,
tkm
-f ky ]ctam temIx
hnl- cn- p- Ibpw sNbvXv, ]pWy- ]m- ]-sf Ip F{]-Imcw
hn-cp-p-thm, Fhn-sS-\npw hn-cp-p-thm, B PmK-cnX- m-\-t-bvp-Xs Xncn-p-t]m-Ip-p; AXv AhnsS
bmsXm-p] Zin-p-p-thm, AXn \npw AIp Ignbpp; Fp-sIm-s-m Cu ]pcp-j \nkw-K-\m-Ipp. P\-I ]d-p. tl bm-h-eI
v y, Cm-cyw Ans\-bmtWm? Rm {ioam\v Bbncw kzw ImgvN- h-bvpp. CXn\p tij-ap tams kw_-n-p Imcy Ap-]-tZ-in-m-epw.

27. D] k hm Gj GX-kvan kz]vt\ cXzm

NcnXzm Zrsszh ]pWyw N ]m]w N ]p\x

Ahs lnXm \ma-tm-Sp- Iq- Snb Cu \mUn-I tIiw

Bbncw `mK--fmbn hn`-Pn--s-n-cn-p--Xp-t]mse AXn
kqva-am-bn-cn-p-p. Ah ipw, \oew ]oXw, lcnXw,
Nphv Fo h--fm ]q-am-bn-cn-p-p. AXv Cu
]pcp-js\ sImp-I-tbm, hi-m-p-I-tbm, Ipgn-bn hognp-I-tbm, B\-`-b-s-Sp-p hn[-n Pm{K-Zm-h- -bnep- m-Im-hp `bw A\p-`-ha
- m-p-Itbm sNp-pthm
Ahsb Cu kz]v\m-h--bn hnZym-iq-\y-X-bmbn IcpXp-p. FhnsS Ch tZhXp Xpeyw, cmPm-hn\p Xpeyw
BIp-p-thm, Fmw Rm Xs Fp Icp-Xp-Ibpw
sNp-pthm AhnSw Ah\p ]c-a-[m-a-am-Ip-p.

331

I 31. D] XZv hm AsskyXZXn Om A]-l-X]m

mZ-bHmw cq]w, XZv bYm-{]n-bbm kv{Xnbm kw]cn-jztm \ _mlyw In\ thZ \cta-hta-hmbw ]pcpjx {]mt-\ m- \m kw]jz
tm \ _mlyw In\ thZ \mcw XZvhm
Assky-X -Zm-] vX -I m-a-a m- -I m-a- a-I ma Hmwcq]
Hmwtim-Im- cw
Ah CXns Ima-c-ln-X-hpw, ]m]-c-ln-X-hpw, A`-bcq- ]-hp-am-Ip-p. hymh-lm-cn-I-ambn Xs {]nb-s `mcysb
Benw-K\w sNp ]pcp-j\v _mly-ambpw B-cn-Iambpw bmsXmcp t_m[hpw Cm-Xn-cn-p--Xp-t]m-se, Cu
]pcp-j {]m-m-hp-ambn Benw- K-\-_--am-Ip-tm
_mly-hn-j-b
- nepw bmsXm-c-dnhpw Dm-Ip-n-. CXv
AXns B]vX-Im-aw, B-Im-aw, BIm-aw, timI-iq\yw
Ch-bpsS cq]-am-Ip-p.

32. D] A{X ]nXm-]nXm `hXn amXm-amXm temIm

AtemIm tZhm AtZhm thZm AthZmx A{X
kvtXt\m f- kvtXt\m `hXn {`qW-lm{`q-Wlm
Nmtem -f Nmex ]uevItkm -f ]uevI
- tkm -f Xm]tkm
kx {iatWm f- {ia-tWm-kvX]
-f \ \zmKXw ]pW-A-tb-\m-\-\zm-KXw ]mt]\
XotWm ln XZm km- R vtOm- I m lrZbky `h-Xn.

Ah bmsXmp aW-p-n--tbm, AXv aW-p-sImn-cn-p-tmXs aW-- s-Sm-Xn-cn-p-p. aW-p- h-hs K-{K-l-Wi

- n Ati-jhpw tem]n-p-p-an-.
Fp-sIm-s-m Ah Ahn-\m-in-bm-Ip-p. B Ah-bn aW-p--Xn-\mbn Ah-\n\np `n-ambn ap
bmsXmcp hkvXp-fpw C-X-s. Ah-s\-s {LmWnq.

35. D] bZv ssh X ck-btX ck-bsshX

ck- b tX \ ln ck- b nXq ck- b -t Xhn]cntemt]m hnZytX -f hn\m-in-X zmW Xp XZvZznbakvXn XtXm f- \yZv hn`w bZv ck-tbXv
Ah bmsXmp cpNn-p-n--tbm, AXv cpNn-p-sImn-cn-p-tmgpw cpNn--s-Sp-n-. ckm-kzm-Z-Is ck{K-l-W-in Hcn-epw tem]n-p-t]m-Ip-n-, Fp-sIms-m Ah Ahn-\m-in-bm-Ip-p. B Ah--bn
ckw {Kln- p--Xn\v Ah-\n\npw `n-ambn ap
bmsXmcp ]ZmYhpw C Xs.

36. D] bZv ssh X hZXn hZ ssh X hZXn

\ ln hph-tmhn-]-cn-temt]mhnZytX -f
hn\m-i n-X zm Xp XZv ZznXo-b -akvX n XtXm -f
\yZv hn`w bZv htZ-Xv.
Ah bmsXmp kwkm-cn-p-n--tbm, AXv kwkmcn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-tmXs kwkm-cn--s-Sm-Xn-cn-pp
hm-hns hN-\i
- n Hcn-epw tem]n-p-n FpsIm-s-m Ah Ahn-\m-in-bm-Ip-p. B Ah-bn GXn-s\-p-dn-s-nepw kwkm-cn--W-sa-n AXn\v
Ah-\n\npw `n-ambn ap bmsXmpw Xs C.

Cu kpjp-]X
v m-h- -bn ]nXmhv A]n-Xm-hm-bn-o-cpp, amXmhv Aam-Xm-hm-bn-o-cpp; temIw Atem-Ia
- m-bno-cp-p, tZh AtZ-h-\m-bn-o-cp-p, thZw Ath-Z-ambn-o-cp-p, ChnsS tNmc AtNm-c-\m-Ip-p, {`qW-lXy
\S- p--h A{`q-W-hm- \m- Ip-p, AXp-t]mse Nm-e 37. D] bZv ssh X irtWmXn irWz ssh
AN-m-e-\ pw, ]uIkv A]u-kpw, {ia-W
X irtWmXn \ ln t{imXpx irtXhn-]co
A{i-a-W-\pw, Xm]-k AXm-]-k-\p-am-bn-o-cp-p. B
temt]m hnZytX -f hn\m-in-Xzm Xp XZvZznXoka-bv Cu ]pcpj ]pWy- tmSv Akw-_- -\pw, AXpb-akvXn XtXm f- \yZ hn`w bOrWpbmXv
t]mse ]m]-tmSv Akw-_--\p-am-Ip-p. lrZ-b
- nse
Ah bmsXmp {ihn-m-Xn- cn-p-p-thm, AXv {ihnFm timI--tfbpw AXn-Po-hn-p-p.
p-tmXs {ihn--s-Sm-Xn-cn-p-p. t{imXm-hs
33. D] bZv ssh X ]iyXn ]iy ssh X {ih-Wi
- IvXn Hcn-epw tem]n-p-n; Fp-sIm-s]iyXn \ ln {ZpZp- t hn- ] - c n- t emt]m m Ah Ahn-\ m-i n-b m-Ip- p. B Ah--b n
hnZytX -f hn\m-in-Xzm-Xv. \ Xp Xzn-Xn-bakvXn bmsXmp {ihn--Wtam AXv Ah-\n\np `n-ambn
XtXm f- \yZv hn`w bXv ]tiyXv.
ImW-s-S p-n-.

Ah bmsXmp ImWm-Xn-cn-p-pthm AXv Ip- 38. D]x bZv ssh X a\ptX a\zmt\m sshX
a\ptX \ ln aph- t Xhn- ] - c n- t emt]m
sIm-n-cn-p-tmgpw ImW-s-Sp-n; {Zm- hns Zrn HcnhnZytX -f hn\m-in-X zm Xp XZvZznXo-b-akvXn
epw tem]n-p-n-, Fp-sIm-s-m Ah AhnXt\m -f \yZ hn`w b-\zo-X.
\m-in-bm-Ip-p. B kabw Ah-\n\npw `n-ambn ap
bmsXmcp hkvXp-fpw C. Ah-s\-Xs t\mq.
Ah bmsXmp a\\w sNm-Xn-cn-p-pthm AXv
34. D] bZv ssh X Pn{LXn Pn{L sshX a\\w sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p-tm Xs a\\w sN--SmPn{LXn \ ln {LmXp{Lm-tXhn-]-cntem t]m Xn-cn-p-p. a\\w sNp--hs a\-\-in Hcn-epw
hnZytX -f hn\m-in-Xzm Xp XZ-Zzo-X o-b akvXn tem]n-p-n; Fp-sIm-s-m Ah Ahn-\m-in-bmIp-p. B Ah--bn a\\w sN-W-sa-n AhXtXm f- \yZv hn`w bn-t{LXv

332

I \n\npw `nambn ap bmsXmcp hkvXp-fpw C-Xs.

39. D]x bZv ssh X kv]riXn kv]ri ssh

X kv]riXn \ ln kv{]px kv]rt hn]cn-temt]m hnZytX -f hn\m-in-Xzm- Xp. XZvZznXob-akvXn XtXm -f \yZ hn`w bXvkv]rti-Xv.

bm-Ipp {_- tem-Iw. C{]-Imcw bm-h- eI

v y P\-I\v
D]-tZiw \In. Ch CXns (]p-cp-j) ]c-a-K-Xn-bmIp-p, Ch CXns ]c-a-k--m-Ip-p. CXv Chs
]c- tem-I-am-Ip-p. CXv Chs ]c-am-\--am- Ip-p. Cu B\-ns am{Xsb B{i-bn-p-Xs ap Pohn-I Poh-km-cWw sNp-p.

43. D] k tbm a\p-jym-Wm-Hmw-cmx kartm `h

Xymt\y-jm-a-[n-]Xnx kssham-\p-jy-ssIt`
ssKx kav ] - - X ax k a\p- j ymWmw ]ca
B\tm -f Y tb iXw a\p-j ym-W m-am-\ mx
k GIx ]nXrWmw PnX-t em-I m-\m-am-\ tm fY tbiXw ]nXrWmw PnX-tem-Im-\m-am-\mx k
GtIm K-temI B\tm -f Y tb iXw
40. D]x bZv ssh X hnPm-\mXn hnPm-\ ss]
Kh-temI B\m k GIx I-tZ-hm\m
X hnPm-\mXn \ ln hnm-Xphn-m-tX
am\tm tb IWm tZh-Xz-a-`n-{]-av]Zyt fhn]-cn-temt]m hnZytX -f hn\m-in-Xzm XpXznY tb iXw I-tZ-h m- \ m-a m-\ mx k GI
Xo-b-akvXn Xtm -f \yZv hn`w bZv hnPm-\oBPm-\ -tZ-h m-\ m-am-\ tm b t{im{Xntbm fbm-Xv.
hrPnt\m f- Ima-ltXm -f Y tb iX-am-Pm-\-tZhm- \ mam \ mx k GIx {]Pm- ] - X n- t emI
Ah bmsXm--dn- bm-Xn- cn-p- p-thm, Adn- psIm- nB\tm b t{im{Xntbm -f hrPnt\m Imacn- p-tmXs AXv Adn-b-s-Sm-Xn-cn- p-p. hnm- XmltXm -f Y ssbiXw {]Pm-]-Xn-temI B\mx
hns hnm-\i
- n Hcn-epw tem]n-p-n-. Fpk
G tIm {_ - t e mI B \ t m b
sIms-m Ah Ahn-\m-in-bm-Ip-p. B Ah-f- hrPnt\m f- Ima-ltXm -f ssYj
t{im{Xntbm
bn {]tXy-I-ambn Adn-bm Ah-\n\npw `n-ambn
Gh
]ca
B\
Gj {_-temIx k{am-UnXn
ap bmsXmcp ]Zmhpw C-X-s.
tlmhmN bm hevIyx tkm -f lw `K-htX
41. D]x b{X hm A\y-Znh kymXvX{mt\ym f- Xv
kl{kw ZZm- ayX Du[z hntam- m- s sbh
]tiy-Zt\ym -f \yn-t{L-Zt\ym f- \yZv cktb
{_qlo-Xy{X l bm-h evtIym _n`m-bm-Zt\ym f- \yZv ]tZ-Zt\ym -f \yOr-Wp-bm-Zt\ym
Imc ta[mho cmPm ktht`ym amt`y DZ-f \y-\ zo-X mt\ym - f \yXv kv] rti-Zt\ym -f
cu-o-ZnXn
\yZv hoPm-\o-bm-Xv.
Ah bmsXmp kv]in-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm AXv
kv]in-p-sIm-ncn-p-tmXs kv]in-s-Sm-Xn-cnp-p. kv]in-p--hs kv]i-\i
- n Hcn-epw
tem]n-p-n- . Fp-sIm-s- m Ah Ahn-\m-in-bmIp-p. B Ah- -bn Ah-\n\np `n- ambn kv]in-s-Sm ap bmsXmcp ]Zm-fpw C-X-s.

bmsXm-cn-Sv (Pm-{K-Zm-h--bn-tem, kz]v\m-h

- -bntem) Bm-hn\npw `n-ambn asm-p-m-bn-cn-ppthm AhnsS A\y-n\v A\ys Zin-p-hm Ignbp-p, A\y-n\v A\ys aW-p-hm Ign-bp-p,
A\y-n\v A\ys cpNn-p-hm Ign-bp- p, A\y-n\v
A\ys kwkmcnp-h m Ign-bp- p, A\y- n\v
A\ys {ihn-p-hm Ign- bp-p, A\y-n\v A\ys
a\\w sNp-hm Ign-bp- p, A\y- n\v A\ys
kv]in-p-hm Ign-bp-p, A\y-n\v A\ys Adnbp-hm Ihn-bp-p.

42. D]x kene GtIm {Zm-s sZztXm _tXyj

{_-temIx k{am-UnXn ssl\-a-\p-i-imk bm
hIy Gjmky ]cam KXn- t c- j mky
]cam kav]-tZtjm -f ky ]ctam temI Gtjm
-f ky ]ca B\ GXsskyhm\--kym-\ym\n
`qXm\n am{Xm-ap-]-Po-hn
Pe-n F-Xp-t]m-se-Xs kpjp-]vXn-bn GIamb AssZzXw {Zm-hm-Ip-p. tl km{amv! CXp Xs-

bmsXmv a\p-jy-cn Fm Ah-b-h--tfmSpw IqSn

]q-k-ar--hpw, ap--h-bpsS A[n-]-Xn-bpw, a\p-jy-kw_-n-bmb kq-t`mK kma-{Kn-I hgn-bmbn Ghpw
A[nIw k--ambpw Ccn-p-p-thm, AXv a\p-jy-cpsS
]c-a-amb B\-a
- m-Ip-p. Ctm a\p-jy-cpsS \qdv B\-am-bn-cn-p- Xv ]nXr-tem-Is Iog-S-n-bn-cn-p ]nXrK-W-ns Hcp B\--am-Ip-p. ]nXr-tem-Is Iog-S-nbn-cn-p ]nXr--fpsS \qdm-\w IqSp-Xv Kh-temI-ns Hcm-\-a
- m-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse Kh-tem-Ins \qdm-\
- -am-bn-cn-p--Xv, I- tZ-h-m-cp-sS--Ihgn tZhXzw {]m]n--h-- H-cm-\--am-Ip-p. I- tZ-hm-cpsS \qdm\w IqSpXv BPm-\-tZ-h-m-cpsS Hcm-\-am-Ip-p. bmsXmv B Pm\-tZ-h-m-cpsS \qdm-\--am-bn-cnp-pthm AXv {]Pm-]Xn temI-nse Hcm-\--am-bn-cn-pp. {]Pm-]Xn temI-nse \qdm-\w IqSp-Xv {_-temI- nse Hcm- \--am-Ip-p. bmsXmv \njv]m- ]-hpw, \njvImahpw t{im{Xn-b-hp-am-bn-cn- p-pthm Ahbv pw B
B\w kn-am-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse CXpXs ]c-am-\-hp-am-Ip-p. tl km{amv! CXm-Ipp {_-tem-Iw. Fns\ bm-h-evIy ]d-p. P\-I ]dp: Rm

333

I {ioam-\mb Atbvv Bbncw tKmsf \Ip-p, C\n

]dv {]Xo- n- n-cn-vIp- pthm: AtX- {]-Imcw Cu Iaptmv tam-n-\p-thn Ap-]-tZ-in-m-epw. CXp-tIv th-m-hns Fm `qX-fpw Cu {_w hcp-p, Cu
bm- h-evIy, _pn-am-\mb cmPmhp Xs Fm {]iv\- {_w hcpp Fp ]dv {]Xo-n-p-p.
-tfbpw \n-b-]-cy-w, Dcw \Ip--Xn\v _n48. D]- - X Zv bYm cPm\w {]bn- b m- k - - a p{Kx
n-cn-pp Fv `b-s-p.

44. D]-k hm Gj GX-kvan kz]v\t cXzm

N cnXzm Zrssz h ]pWyw N ]m]w N ]p\x
{] Xn\ymbw {]Xn- tbm- \ ym- {Z- h Xn _pm- ssbh
Cu ]pcp-j Cu kz]v\m--n can-p-Ibpw hnlcn-p-Ibpw sNbvXv ]pWy- tbpw ]m]- tbpw Ip-sIm p- X s hopw t]mb am- n q- S - n - X s
bYmkvYm\-amb Pm{K-Zm-h- -bn-te-p-Xs aS-n-h-p.

45. D] XZv bYm\x kpk-am-ln-X-ap-PZv bmbm

tZh-ta-hmbw imcoc Bm {]t-\m- \m
\zmcqV DP bmXn b ss{XX-Zqt[zmO
hmko `h-Xn.

{]tXy\kx kq{X-{Km-a tWym f- `nk-am-b -t-bh- tath aam- m-\ -a- - I mte kt {]mWm
A`n-ka
- mbn bss{X-X-Zqt[zm-Ozmko `h-Xn.

bm{Xbvp Xm- dm- bn-cn-p cmPm-hn--`n- ap- J- ambn D{KIn-I-fpw, ]m]-I-p \nbp--cmb kqX-m-cpw,
{Kma-nse t\Xm--mcpw t]mIp--Xp-t]m-se, Hcm-mhv
Du[z-izmkw hen-p-hm XpS-p-tm Ah-km-\-\n-anj-n Fm {]mW\pw Cu Bm-hn--`n-ap-J-ambn AXnt\m-Sp-IqSn t]mIp-p.

\memw {_mWw

49. D] k b{Xm-b -a m- -_ eyw t\yXy ktm

lanh t\XyssY-\-tatX {]mWm A`n-k-ambn
temI-n F{]-Imcw hf-sc-b-[nIw `mchpw hln-pk G X m- k vtX - t Pm- a m{X x k a- ` zm- Z - Z mt\ m
sImv N- Sm- hn i_vZw ]pd- s-Sp-hnp sImp t]mIplrZbtah \zh-{Im-aXn k bss{Xj Nmpjx
p-thm, AXp-t]m-s e-X s tZl-tm-S p-I q-S nb Cu
]pcpjx ]cmMv ]bmhXtX -f Ymcq-]tm
Bmhv Adn-hp Bm-thm-Sp-IqSn B[n-jvTn-X-ambn
`hXn
Duz-izmkw hen-p--Xp-t]mse i_vZn-p-sIm-p-t]mIp-p.

46. D] k b{Xm-b-a-Wn-am\w t\yXn Pcbm thm

]X- ] Xm hmWn- a m\w \nK- Xn XZv bYm{aw
thmZp- a v _ c w hm ] n e w hm _ - \ mX v
{]]pNyX Gh- t a- h mbw ]pcpj Gt`ym - f
MvtK`yx kav{]-apNy ]p\x {]Xn-\ ymbw {]Xntbm-\ym{ZhXn {]mWm-ssbh
Cu icocw GXp ka-bv Iri-Xzs {]m]n-p-pthm, hrm-h--bmtem As-n Pzcm-Zn-tcm- ImcWtam Iri-am-bn-o-cp-pthm B kabw amm, An-gw, apX-em-bh _w hnp-t]m-Ip--Xp-t]mse Cu ]pcpj Cu Ah-b -h-se Dt]- nv GsXmcp amnqSn hn-cp-p-thm, AXnq-S-Xs {]tXy-Iamb tbm\n-I-fn {]mWs {]tXy-Ia
- mb A`n-hy-n-Xzn- \p-thn {]bmWw sNp-p.

Cu Bmhv Zp-e-Xsb {]m]n-p ka-bw, AXmbXv ktm-ls {]m]n-p-tm Cu hmKm-Zn-I-fmb

{]mW CXn-\p-thn A`n-ap-J-ambn hcp-p. AXv Cu
{]mWs tXtPm-am-{X-Isf kay-mb coXn-bn kzoI- cnv
lrZ-b-n A\p-{I (A-`n-hy m\-hm-\m-bn)-am-bno-cp-p. Cu Nmp-j]
- p-cp-j Fm `mKpw hymhr-\m-Ip B ka-bv ac-Wm-k
- cq]-m-\-lo-\\m-bn-o-cp- p.

47. D] XZv bYm cmPm-\-am-bm--ap{Km {]tXy-\kx

kqX-{Km-atWym - f ssx ]mss\-c m-h-k ssYx
{] XnI-e v] t - f bam-b m-X y- b -a m- K- O -X o- tXyhHmw ssl hwhn-ZvHmw kmWn kqXm\n {]XnI-ev]x CZw {_m-bm-Xo-Z-am-K-O-XoXn

50. D]x GIo-`-hXn \ ]iy-Xo-Xym-lp-tc-Io-`-hXn\

Pn{L - X o- X ym- l p- t c Io ` hX n \ c k - b X
CXymlqtc-Io-`-hXn \ hZ-\o-Xym-lp-tc-Io-`-hXn
\ irtWmXo-Xym-lp-tc-Io-`-hXn \ a\pX CXymlp-tcIo`hXn \ kv]ri-Xo-Xym-lp-tc-Io-` -hXn
\ hnPm\mXo-Xym-lp-kvXky Xssl-Xky lrZb-kym{Kw {]tZym-XtX tX\ {]tZym-tX-ss\j
Bm \njv{ ImaXn Nptm hm aq[t\m
hmt\ymt`ym hm ico-c-tZ-ti-`y-kvX-ap-XvIm-aw
{]mtWmXv{ImaXn {]mW-a-cp-Xv{Im-aw kth
{]mWm B\qXv{Iman khn-mt\m `hXn
khn- m\ tahm- \ z- h - { Im- a Xn Xm hnZzmIaWo ka\zmtZtX ]qh-{]m N

F{]-Imcw BK-X-\m-Ip cmPm-hns\ D{K-Im-fpw

]m]-Ip-thn \nbp--am--s kqX-m-cpw,
{Kma-ap-Jy-m-cpw-IqSn Aw, ]m\w, \nhm-k
- m\w apXem-bh Xm-dm-n, Atlw hp, Atlw hp Fp

(N-p- cn-{nbw enwKm-m-thm-Sq-Iq-Sn) GI-cq-]-ambn `hnp-p, Atm Bfp-I ImWp-n Fp ]d-bpp

({Lm-tW-{n.-bw) GI-cq-]a
- m-bn-o-cp-p, Atm izknp-n Fp ]d-bp-p, hmKv-C-{nbw GI-cq-]a
- m-bn-o-

334

I cp-p, Atm kwkm-cn-p-n Fp ]d-bp-p(ck-t\{n-bw) GI-cq-]a

- m-bn-o-cpp Atm cpNn-p-n
Fp ]d-bp-p. (t{im-t{X- {n-bw) GI-cq-]-am-bn-o-cpp
Atm tIp-n Fp ]d-bp-p, (a-\-v) GI-cq-]amb-bn-X- Xo-cpp Atm a\\w sNpn Fp ]d-bpp. (Xz- n-{n-bw) GI- cq-]-am- bn-o- cpp Atm kv]inp-n Fp ]d-bp-p. (_p-n-enw-Km-m-thm-Sp-Iq-Sn) GIcq-]-am-bn-o-cp-tm Adn-bpn Fp ]d-bp-p. AXv
Cu lrZ-b-ns A{K-`m-Kv (sh-f n-bn-te-b v p
amw) A Xy w {]Im- i n- p- h m XpS- p- p.
AXn\npw Cu Bmhv t\{X--fn-q-Sn, aqzmhnq-Sn, As-n ico-c
- ns at-sX-nepw `mK-fnqSn ]pd- tbvp IS- p-t]m-Ip- p. AXv DXv{I- aWw
sNp-tm AXn-t\m-sSm-w-Xs {]mW\pw DXv{I-an-pp. {]mW DXv{I-anp Ign-m Fm {]mW\pw (C{n-b-hw) DXv{I-an-p-p. B ka-bv Cu Bmhv
{]tXyIw hnm-\-hm-\m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw hnm-\-bp-amb {]tZ-i-s-Xs {]m]n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. B
kabw AXns\ m\-hpw, I-hpw, ]q-{]-bpw
A\p-K-an-p-p.

51. D]x XZv bYm XrW-P-e m-bpIm XrW-k ymw

KXzm-\y-am-{I-a-am-{I-aym- -\-ap-]-k w-l -c -tXy-hta
hmb-am-tZ Hmw icocw \nl-X ym-hnZymw Ka
YnXzm-\y-am-{I-am-{I-aym- m-\-ap-]k Hmw lc-Xn.
F{]-Imcw \oc Hcp XrW-ns A{K-n-en
asmcp XrW-cq-]-amb B{i-bs ]nSnv kzbw Npcp-pp-thm, AXp-t]m-se-Xs Cu B-ahv Cu ico-cs
h[nv Ahn-Zysb (\n-t-m-h-sb) {]m]nv am-[mcs B{i-b-amn kzb D]-kw-l-cn-p-p.

52. D] XZv bYm t]i-kvImco t]itkm am{Xm

a]m-Zm-bm-\y--h-Xcw Ieym-W-Xcw cq]w X\pX
Gh-ta-hm-b-am-tZ Hmw icocw \nl-Xym-hnZymw
Ka-b n- X zm-\ y- -h -X cw Ieym- W -X c Hmw cq]w
IcptX ]n{Xymw hm Kmh hm ssZhw hm
{] Pm- ] X yw hm {_m w hmt\ yj mw hm
`qXm\mw
kz--Wn-m-c F{]-Imcw kz-ns Aev]amb `mKw FSpv asmcp ]pXn-bXpw A[nIw at\m-l-chp-amb cq]s krn-p-p-thm, AXp-t]m-se-Xs Cu
Bmhv Cu ico-cs \in-nv AtN-X-\m-h
- sb
{]m]nv ap ]nXr-, K-m, tZh-m, {]Pm-]-Xn,
{_m-h,v ap `qX- ap-Xem-b-hb
- psS \ho-\-hpw, kpc-hp-amb cq]s cNn-p-p.

53. D] k hm Ab-amm {_ hnm-\-atbm

at\m-abx {]mW-a-b - - pabx t{im{X-abx
]rYzn- a b Bt]m- a tbm hmbp- a b BIm- i abkvtXtPm-atbm - f tXtPm-abx Ima-atbm -f

Ima-abx t{Im[-atbm -f t{Im[-atbm [-atbm

-f [-abx kh-a-b-kvXXv btZ-XZ- n-Z-a-atbm f tZmab CXn bYm-Imco bYm-Nmco XYm `hXn
km[pImco km[p`-h Xn ]m]-I mco ]mt]m
`hXn ]pWyx ]ptWy\ Ia-Wm `hXn ]m]x
]mt]\x, AtYm Jezmlpx Ima-ab Ghmbw
]pcpj CXn k bYm-Imtam `hXn XXv{I-Xp
`hXn bXv{I-Xp`-hXn XXv Ia IcptX bXv
Ia IcptX XZ-] n-k-av]-Zy-tX.

Cu Bmhv B ]c-{_w Xs-bm-Ip-p. CXp

hnm-\-a-bh
- pw, at\m-a-bhpw, {]mWa-b-hpw, Npa-bhpw, t{im{X-a-b-hpw, ]rYzo-a-b-hpw, Pe-a-bh
- pw, hmbqabhpw, BIm-i-a-b-hpw, tXtPm-a-b-hpw, AtX-tPm-a-bh
- pw,
Ima-a-bh
- pw, AIm-a-a-b-hpw, t{Im[-a-b-hpw, At{Im-[a
- -bhpw, [a-a-b-hpw, A[a-a-bh
- pw, kh-a-b-hp-am-Ip-p.
bmsXmv {]Xy--hpw, ]tcm--hp-am-Ip-pthm AXpw
AXp-X-s-bm-Ip-p. AXv F{]-Imcw sNp-Ibpw BN-cnp-Ibpw sNp-pthm An-s\-X-s-bm-bn- o-cp-p.
k- sNp-tm kn-bmbpw ]m]I- sNp-tm kXvIn- bmbpw ]m]- I-
sNp-tm ]m]nbmbpw Xocp-p. Cu ]pcp-j ]pWyI--fm ]pWym-m-hmbpw ]m]-I--fm ]m]mm- hmbpw `hn-p-p. Cu ]pcp-j Ima- a-bXs Fv
]ecpw ]d-bp-p. F{]-Imcw k-ev]n-p-pthm AXpt]mse Iw A\p-jT
v n-p- I-bpw, B I-- \p-krX- amb ^ew {]m]n-p-Ibpw sNp-p.

54. D] XtZj tmtIm `h-Xn, XtZh kx kl

Ia-ssWXn enwMvKw at\m b{X \nja-ky,
{]m]ymw Ia-W-kvXky bXvIntl ItcmXy- b w , Xkvam- t m- I mXv ] p\- t c- X ykv s sa
temImb IaW CXn \p Ima-b-amt\m f- Ym
Ima-b -amt\m tbm -f Imtam \njvIma B]v XIma B-Imtam \ Xky {]mWm DXv{Im-an
{_ssh k {_m-t]yXn.
B hnj-bs kw_-n-p--XmWv Cu a{w--CXns enwKw AXm-bXv a\v bmsXm-n- AXy-[nIw
Bk--am-Ip-p-thm, AtX ^es A`n-e-jnv Ik-lnXw {]m]n-p-p. Cu temI-n CXv bmsXmp
sNp-p-thm, B I-ns ^ew {]m]nv B temIn\nv I- sNp-- Xn-\mbn hopw Cu temInhp tNcp-p. Xo-bmbpw A`n-em-tj-Op-hmb
]pcp-j C{]-Imcw Xs sNp-p. C\n A`n-te-tj-Oph-m ]pcp-j-s\-n ]d-bp-p. bmsXm-cp- AIm-aw,
\njvIm-aw, B]vX-Im-aw, B-Imaw Ch-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\mbn-cn-p-p-thm, Ahs {]mW DXv{I-aWw sNp-n;
Ah {_-ambn hkn-p-sImv {_s {]m]n-p- p.

55. D] XtZj tmtIm `h-Xn, bZm kth {]ap

N yt Imam tb - f k y l r Zn {i nX mx,

335

AYatXym -f artXm `h-Xy{X {_ ka-iv\pX

CXn, XZy- Y m- l n- \ nez- b Xo hev a otI arXm
{]XykvXm ibo-ssX-h-ta-thZ Hmw icoc Hmw
titX - f Ymb- a - i - c otcm - f arXx {]mtWm
{_ss h tXP Gh tkm - f lw `K-h tX
kl{kw ZZmaoXn tlmhmN P\tIm thtZlx.
GsX-nepw ka-bv Chs lrZ-b
- n B{i-b-fmb kIe A`n-em-j--fp-tSbpw \miw kw`-hn-ptm Cu ac-W-[mhv Aa-c-\m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw ChnsS
Cu ico-c-n\n-p-Xs Ah\v {_-{]m]vXn Dm-IpIbpw sNp-p. CXn-s\mcp Zrm-w--]m-ns ]Sw
NnXp-n\p apI-fn arXhpw ]mn-\m ]cn-Xy--hpamb InS-p--Xp-t]mse Cu icocw InSp-p. Cu icoc-c-ln-X-amb Aar-X-{]m-W- \m-Is {_w-X-s-bm-Ip-p
tXPv Xs-bm- Ip- p. Atm hntZ-l-cm-Pm- hmb P\- I
]dp- ""Rm\m-Ip P\-I {ioam\v Bbncw tKmsf
\Ip-p.''

56. D] XtZtX tmIm `h-n, AWpx ]m hn

XXx ]pcmtWm am Hmw kv]rtm -f \phntm
a ssbh, tX\ [ocm A]n-b n {_-h nZx
kzK temI-anX Du[z hnaqmx
Cu m\-amw kqva-hpw, hnim-e-hpw, ]pcm-X-\hp-am-Ip-p. AXv Fs kv]in-n-cn-p-p. Rm Xs
AXns ^e-amb km[-I-m\w {]m]n-n-cn-p-p. [oc
{_-th-m-hmb ]pcp-j Cu temI-n Pohn-p-sImp-Xs ap-\mbn ico-c-Xym-K-n-\p-tijw AtX-amnqSn kz-tem-Is AXm-bXv tams {]m]np-p.

57. D] Xkvan-RvOp--apX \oe-amlpx ]nMvKeHmw

lcnXw temlnXw Nm Gj ]m {_Wm
lm\p-hn kvtXss\Xn {_-hnXv ]pWyIrss- P -k
Cu ams kw_-n--A
v -`n-{]m-b-hy-Xymkw Dv.
Nne AXn ip-hhpw Nne \oe-hhpw hnp-p. AXp-t]mse Nne ]nwK-eh
- avW-hpw, Nne lcnX-h-hpw, Nne temln-X-h-hp-am-sWv ]d-bp-p.
Fm Cu amw kmm {_-m A\p-`q-X-amIp-p. B amnqSn ]pWy-I--f\
- p-n-p
]c-am tXP-kz-cq-]-cmb {_-th-m- am{Xw IS-pt]m-Ip-p.

58. D] Aw Xax {]hn-in tb f- hnZym-ap]m

ktX XtXm `qb Ch tX Xtam b D hnZymb
Hmw cXmx.

n {]thinp-Ibpw sNp-p.

59. D]-B
- -\m \ma tX temIm At\ Xakm
hrXmx, XmHmwkvtX t{]Xym-`n-K-O-y-hn-ZzmHmw
tkm -f _pt[m P\mx
A\-(- A- kp-J) F temIw A-X-a- n-\m hym]vXam-Ip-p. Ahn-Zzm-mcpw Am-\n-I-fp-amb Bfp-I acWm-\-cw Ah-sb-Xs {]m]n-p-p.

60. D] Bm\w tNZv hnPm-\ o-b m-Z-b - a-k va oXn

]qcpjx, Inan-O Iky Imamb ico-c-a-\pkw
Pztc-X v.
]pcp-j Bm-hns\ CXv Rm Xs sbv hntij-cq-]
- n Adn-bp-I-bm-W-n ]ns-sb-mWv? A`nem-j - -tfm-S p-I q-S n, {Kl- -tfm-S p-I qSn ico-c - ns
]nmse Fn\v k-]X
v -\m-Ipp?

61. D] bkym-\p-hnx {]Xn-_p Bm-kvan

kwtZtlm Klt\ {]hnx, k hniz-IrXv kln
kky IXm Xky temIx k D temI Gh.
Cu At\Iw A\--fm ]qhpw hnth-I-hnm-\-hn-tcm-[n-bp-amb hnj-a-i-co-c-n {]hn--amb
Bmhv bmsXmcp {_-Ws Adn-bp-I-bpw, {]m]n-pIbpw sNp- pthm Ah hniz-Ir-m-bn-o-cpp;
Ah AJn-e - n-tbpw Im-h mbn `hn- p- p.
Bmhv Ah-t-Xp-X-t-bm-Ipp; AhXs kzbw
Bm-hm-bn- o-cp-p.

62. D] Csslh ktm -f Y hnZva-kvX-Zzbw \

tNZ- t h- Z n a- l X o hn\ nx, tb X Zzn- Z p- c arXmkvtX `h-y-tY-Xtc ZpxJta-hm-]n-b-n.
\mw Cu ico-c-n hkn-p-sImp Xs AXns\
Adn- b p-s - n IrXm-c m- b n- o-c p- p. Fm
AXns\ {Kln-m-Xn-cn-p- Xv hfsc lm\n-I-c-am-W v.
bmsXm-cp- AXns\ {Kln-p-p-thm, Ah Aa-c\mbn `hn-p-p. Fm ap-- h ZpxJs {]m]n-pp.

63. D] bssZ-X-a-\p-]-iym-Xym-m\w tZh-a-RvP-km,

Cuim\w `qX-`h
- yky \ XtX hnPq-Kp-]vk-tX,
`q-X-n-tbpw `mhn-bp-sSbpw \mY-\mb Cu {]Im-iam- \- amb AYhm I-^-e-Zm-Xm-hmb Bm- hns\ a\p- jy
{]Xy--n a\-n-em-p-I-bm-sW-n AXn\npw
Xs cn-p-hm-\m-{K-ln-p-n- .

64. D]x bkvam-Zhm-h-kw-h-tcm -f tlmZn ]cnhXtX, Xthm tPymXnjw tPymXn-cm-bqtlm

]mktX -f arXw
bmsXm-cp- Ahn-Zysb (Iw) D]m-kn-p-p-thm,

Ah Am-\m--Im-c- n {]th-in-p-I-bpw, bmsXmbmsXm-n- \-Sn-bn-embn kwh--c-N{Iw Atlm-cm-{XmZn

cp- hnZy-bn (I-Im--cq-]-{X-bo-hn-Zy) \nc-X- \m-bnAh-b-h--tfm-Sp-IqSn Id-n-sm-n-cn-p-p-thm, B
cn-p-p-thm, Ah a-Xn-t\-m tLmc-amb A-Im-c-

336

I BZn-XymZn tPymXn-p-If- psS tPymXn-kz-cq-]-\mb AarXs tZh- KW Bbpkv F {]Im- c- n D]m-kn-pp

65. D]x bkvan] ]-P\m BIm-i {]Xn

jv TnXx, Xtah a\y Bm\w hnZzm {_m
artXm f- arXw
bmsXm-n ]-P-\--fpw, BIm-ihpw {]Xn-jT
v n-Xam-bn-cn-p-p-thm, B Bm-hn-s\-s Aar-X-{_--ambn, Rm AwKo-I-cn-p-p. B {_s Adn-bp--h\mb Rm Aa-cX-s-bm-Ip-p.

66. D]x {]mWky {]mW-apX Np-j - - p-cpX

t{imXky t{im{Xw a\tkm tb at\m hnZpx
tX \nNn-Iyp{_ ]pcm-W-a{Kyw
bmsXm-cp- AXns\ {]mWs {]mW-\mbpw t{im{Xns t{im{X- am-bpw, a\-ns a\-m-bpw, {Kln-p-pthm, Ah ]pcm-X-\hpw A{Ky-hp-amb B {_s Adnbp-p.

67. D]x a\-ssk-hm-\p-{Z-hyw t\l \m\mkvXn

In\, artXym k arXyp-am-]vt\mXn b Cl
\mt\h ]iy-Xn.
{_s BNm-tcym-]-tZ-i -] qw hon- -Ww.
CXn \m\mXzw bmsXm-p-an-. bmsXm-cp- CXn
\m\m-Xz-n\v Xpey-ambn ImWp-p-thm, Ah arXyphnqSn arXyp-hns\ {]m]n-p-p.

68. D]x GI-ss[-hm-\p-{Z--hy-ta-XZ- -{]-tabw [rhw

hncPx ]c BImimZP Bm alm {[phx
B {_s BNm-tcym-]-tZ-i-n-\p-tijw Htc coXnbnXs hon- -Ww. Cu {_w A{]-ta-bh
- pw, AhnN-en-Xh
- pw, \n-e-hpw, BIm-i-t-mfpw kqva-hpw,
AP-m-hpw, alpw Ahn-\m-inbpw BIp-p.

69. D] Xtah [otcm hnmb {]w Ipho

X {_Wx, \m\p-[ym-bmZv _lpWvO_vZm
hmtNm hnm-]\ Hmw ln XZnXn
_pn-am-\ mb {_m-W AXn-s\-Xs Adnv
AXn\np Adnhp km-Zn--Ww. hf-sc-b-[nIw hmpI Dcp-hn-Sm-Xn-cn--s. AXv hmp-If
- psS {]I-S\w am{Xam-Ip-p.

70. D] k hm Gj alm-\P Bm tbm f- bw

hnm-\-abx {]mtWjp b Gtjm -f lrZb BIm-i-kvX-a-kvan-RvtOtX khky hio
kh tkyim\x kh- k ym- [ n- ] Xnx k \
km[p\m IaWm `qbmtm Ghm-k m-[ p\m
I\o-bm-t\j kthizc Gj `qXm-[n-]X
- n-tcj
`qX-]me Gj tkXphn-[-cW Gjmw temIm\m- a kv a t`Zmb XtaXw thZm- \ p- h - N - t \\
{_mWm hnhn-Zn-j n bt\ Zt\\ X]-

km-\ m-i tIss\X- tah hnZnXzm ap\n`-h -X n,

GX-tah {]{]mPnt\m temI-hn-O x {]{]-P n, GX kva ssh XXv] qth hnZzm-Hmwk
{]Pmw \ Imabt Inw {]Pbm Icn-jymtam
tbjmw t\m f- bam-mbw temI CXn tX l
kv a ]pss{X-j Wmb hnss- j - W m- b
temssI-j -Wm-b hypm-b mY `nm-Nb
Ncn bm tlyh ]pss{X-jWm km hnssjWm bm hnssjWm km temssI- j tWmt` tlytX GjtW Gh `hXx k Gj
t\Xn t\Xymm Krtlym \ ln KrlytX fiotbm \ ln iobtX -f kMvtKm \ ln
kPytX -f kntXm \ hyYtX \ cnjy-tXy-Xap
sslsshtX \ XcX CXypXx ]m]-a-I-c -h-anXyXx Ieym-W -a-I -c -hanXypt` D sslsshj
GtX XcXn ss\\w IrXmIrtX X]Xx

Cu alm AP-m-hmb Bm-hv, AXm-bXv {]mW\n hnm-\-a-b-am-bn-cn-p-Xv lrZ-b-am-Ip BIm-in hkn-p-p. AXv Fm-n-t\bpw Iogvs-Sp-p-Xpw, Fm-n-sbpw A[n-]-Xnbpw BIp-p. AXv ip`I- -fm hf-c p-It- bm, Aip-`-I--fm Xf-cpItbm sNp-n- . AXv kt-iz-c-\m-Ipp; `qX--fpsS
A[n-]-Xn-bpw, `qX-sf ]men-p--h\
- p-am-Ip-p. Cu
temI--epsS acymZ `wK-s-Sm-Xn-cn--s Cu Dt-i-tmSp-IqSn AXv Chsb hln-p-sIm-ncnp tkXp-hm-Ipp. (D-]-\n-j-p-I-fn CXns kzcq-]s hnh-cn-p-pv) AXv Cu Bm-hns\ {_m-W-th-Z--fpsS kzm[ymbw, bw, Zm\w, \njvIm-a-X]w Ch-I Zzmcm Adn-hm\m- {K-ln- p-p. CXn-s\-Xs Adn-p-sImv aljn-bmbn-o- cp-p. Cu B- tem-Is Imwn- p-sImv XymKnbmb ]pcp-j Fm-ap-t]-nv IS-p-t]m-Ip-p. (k-\ymkn-bm-bn-o-cp-p) Cu k\ym-k
- ns ImcWw ]qh-n-bmb m\n-I km-\-sf B{K-ln-n-cp-n-.
(A-h Nnn-n-cp--Xv) \apv {]P-If
- n\npw Fp
Inpp? \psS B{Klw Cu B-temIw Xs-bm-Ipp. AXn-\m Ah ]pt{X-O-bn\n-pw, hnt-Obn\n-pw, temtI-O-bn\npw Dm\w sNbvXv `nmNcy A\p-jvTn-n-cp-p. bmsXm-cp- ]pt{X-Op-hm-Ippthm Ah hnt-Op-hpw. bmsXm-cp- hnt-Ophm-Ip-pthm Ah temtI-Op-hm-Ip-Ibpw sNp-p. Ch
cpw A`n-em-j--fm-Ip-p. Ah Cu t\Xn-t\Xn Fp
P]n--s-Sp Bmhv AKr-ly-am-Ip-p. Ah {Kln-s-Sp-n- , AXv Aio-cy-am-Ip-p, AXn\p \miw kw`hn-p-n, AXv Akw-K-am-Ip-p, AXv Hcn-epw Ak-am-Ip-n, AXv _n--s-Sp-n-. AXn-\m hyYnX-am-Ip-n. AXp-t]m-se-Xs AXn\p bw kw`-hn-pn. Cu Bm-hns\ Ch cpw (]m-]-]pWy kw_-nbmb timIhpw ljhpw) {]m]n-p-n-. AXn-\m,
Cm-c-W-m, Rm ]m]w sNbvXn-cn-pp (C-s\

337

I ]m-m-]-hpw) Cm-c-W-m Rm ]pWyw sNbvXn-

Cu alm\pw AP-m-hp-amb Bm- hp-Xs AP-c- hpw,

cn-pp (C-{]-Imcw ktm-jn-p-I-bpw) Cu cn-t\bpw Aa-c-hpw, Aar-X-hpw, A`-b-{_-m-hp-am-Ip-p. A`-bwAXp IS-p-t]m-Ip-p. Cs\ sN-s--Xpw, sN-s-Sm- Xs {_-am-Ip-p. bmsXm-cp- C{]-Imcw {Kln-p- Xp-amb \nXy-I- (^- e-{]-Zm-\hpw {]Xy- hm- b-hhpw p-thm, Ah B A`-b-{_ Xs Bbn-o-cp-p.
hgn) X]n-n-p-n-.

71. D] XtZX ZrNm-`yp-w, Gj \ntXym alnam

{_ m - W k y \ h [ tX I aW m t\ m
I\ obm , X s s k yh k ymX v ] Z- h n w
hnZnXzm\ en]ytX IaWm ]m]- t I- t \- X n,
Xkv a mtZhw hnOmtm Zm D]- c - X - k v X nXnpx kamlntXm `qXzm- - t \y- h m- m\w
]iyXn khamm\w ]iyXn ss\\w ]m]vam
XcXn kh ]m]vam\w XcXn ss\\w ]m]vam
X]Xn kh ]m]v a m\w X]Xn hn]mt]m
hnctPm f- hnNn-Intm {_mtWm `h-tXyj
{_ te mIx k {am- t U \ w {] m] ntX m - f
koXntlmhmN bm-hevIyx tkm f- lw `KhtX hntZ- l m ZZman amw N m] n k l
ZmkymtbXn.
Cu Imcyw-Xs a{- hgn-bmbpw ]d-b-s-n-cn-pp. CXv {_-th-m-hns \nXy-amb aln-a-bm-Ip-p.
AXv I-m IqSp-p-an-, Ipd-bp-p-an-. B aln-abpsS kzcq- ]s Adn-bp- -h-cm-bn-cn--Ww. AXv Adn-psImv ]m]-I--fp-ambn Aen-p-tN-cp-n-. AXn\m C{]-Imcw Adn-bp--h im-cpw, Zm-cpw, D]-cX
- cpw, XnXn-p--fpw, kam-ln-X-cp-ambn Bm-hnXs
Bm-hns\ Zin- p-p. Fm- n-t\bpw Bmhp Zinp-p. AXn\v ]m]-]p-Wy--fpsS {]m]vXn-bp-m-Ip-n-,
CXv Fm ]m]--f p-tSbpw adp-Ic IS- p-t]m-Ipp.
]m]hpw ]pWyhpw CXns\ kao-]n- p-n- , CXv Fm ]m]-tfbpw k-]X
v - am-p-p. CXv ]m]-c-ln-Xhpw \njvI-ahpw, \nw-i-b-hpw, {_m-W-hp-ambn `hn-p-p. tl
km{amv! CXm-Ipp {_-tem-Iw. An CXns\ kao-]nn-cnp-p. C{]-Imcw bm-h-eI
v y ]d-p. Atm
P\-I ]d-p, CXm Rm {ioa\v hntZ-l-cmPyw \evIpp, AtXm-Sp-IqSn Atbvp tkh-sN-p-hm kzbw
kan-p-Ibpw sNp-p.

72. D]x k hm Gj alm-\P Am-mtZm hkp

Zmt\m hncptX hkpb Ghw thZ
Cu alm\pw AP-m-hp-amb Bmhv Aw `n-pI-bpw, I-^ew \Ip-Ibpw sNp-p. bmsXmcp
C{]- Imcw {Kln-p-p-thm, Ahs\ Fm I-^-e- fpw
{]m]n-p-p.

73. D]x k hm Gj alm-\P Bm-Ptcm f- atcm

f- artXm -f `tbm {_m-`bw ssh {_m-`b
Hmw ln ssh {_ `hXn b Ghw thZ.

Amw {_mWw
74. D]x AY l bm-h-evIyky tZz `mtcy _`q
hXpssa-t{Xbo N ImXym-b \o N Xtbml
ssat{Xbo {_- h m- Z n\o _`qh kv { Xo{]t h X ln ImXym- b - \ yY l bm hev tIym -f \yZv hr-ap-] m-I-cn-j y
bm-h-eI
v y\v ssat{Xbn Fpw ImXym-b\n Fpw
cp `mcy-am-cp-m-bn-cpp FXv {]kn--am-W-tm. Ahcn ssat{Xbn {_-hm-Zn-\nbpw ImXym-b\n km[m-cW
kv{XoI-fpsS _pn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bh
- f
- p-am-bn-cp-p. Atm
bm-h-evIy kym-k-Ncy Bcw-`n-p-hm-\p B{Kl-tm-Sp-IqSn ]dp.

75. D] ssat{X- b oXn tlmhmN bm-h ev I y

{]{h-Pn-jy hm Atc -f la-k va mXv m\mZkv a n l tX - f \bm ImXym- b - \ ymw
IchmWoXn.
bmhevIy ]dp: Atbm ssat{Xbo! Rm\oKr-l-m-{i-a-ns k-kzhpw Dt]-nv t]mIp-hm
XpS-p-p, AXm-bXv k\ymkw kzoI-cn-p-hm hnNm-cnp-p. Rm \ns A\p-aXn Bh-iy-s-Sp-Ibpw B{Kln-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXn-\m Cu ImXym-b-\n-tbm-SpIqSn \n\-n--am-sW-n hkn-mw.

76. D]-km tlmhmN ssat{Xbo bp a Cbw

`tKmx khm ]rYnho hnt\ ]qWmkymXv
kymw \zlw tX\m-arXm -f tlm t\Xnt\Xn
tlmhmN bm-hevtIym bssYthm]I-c-W{XXmw PohnXw XssYh tX Pohn-XHmwkymZar-X-Xzky Xp \mimkvXn hnt-t\-Xn.
ssat{Xbn ]d-p `K-hm! Cu [\-m k-bmb `qan apgp-h Ft-Xm-bn- o- cp-I-bm-sW- n F\nv
AtXm-S p-I qSn Aa- c -b m-b n- o-c p- h m km[n- p-tam,
Ctbm? bm-h-eI
v y ]dpkm-[y-a; t`mK-km-a{Kn-I-fm k--am-bXv a\p-jy-cp-tS-Xp-t]m-ep Pohn-X-amIp-p, \ns Pohn-Xhpw AXp-t]mse Bbn-cn-pw. [\nqSn Aa-c-Xzs Bin-tb th.

77. D]-km tlmhmN ssat{Xbo tb\mlw \marXm

kymw Inalw tX\ Ipbm btZh `Kh thZ
XtZ-hta {_qlo-Xn.
ssat{Xbn ]dp: bmsXm-p-sImv F\nv AacXzw {]m]n-p-hm km[y-a-tbm AXp kzoI-cn-p- sImv

338

I Rms\p sNpw? {ioam! At-bv-dn-hp Aar-XXz-km-[-Isf F\n-p-]-tZ-inp Xm-epw.

78. D]-k tlmhmN bm-hevIyx {]nbm

th Jep t\m `hXn kXo {]nb-a-hr-[-
Xln `h-tXy-XZv hymJym-kyman tX hymN
mWky Xp ta \nZn-[ym-k-tkzXn
bm-hIy ]d-p. Xo-bm-bpw. \o ]p-apXte \psS {]nb-bm-bn-cpp; Cu ka-bpw \o \psS
ktm-js hfp-p. AXn-\m tl tZho! Rm
ktm-j-tm-Sp-IqSn \n\-p-thn CXns\ hymJym-\nmw. Rm hymJym-\n-p hnj-b
- -sf-n \o Nnn- Ww.

79. D] k tlmhmN \ hm Atc ]Xypx Imamb

]Xnx {]ntbm `h-Xy--\kvXp Imamb ]Xnx {]n
tbm `h-X n, \ hm Atc Pmbmssb Imamb
Pmbm {]nbm `h-X ym--\ kvXp Imamb Pmbm
{]nbm `h-Xn, \ hm Atc ]p{XmWmw Imamb
]p{Xmx {]nbm `h-y--\kvXp Imamb ]p{Xmx
{]nbm `h-n, \ hm Atc hnky Imamb
hnw {]nbw `h-Xy--\kvXp Imamb hnw
{]nbw `h-X n, \ hm Atc ]iq\mw Imamb
]izx {]nbm `h-ym--\kvXp Imamb ]ihx
{]nb `hn, \ hm Atc {_Wx Imamb
{_{]nbw `h- X ym- -\ kv X p Imamb {_
{]nbw `h-X n, \ hm Atc {Xky Imamb
{Xw {]nbw `h-Xym--\kvXp Imamb {Xw
{]nb `hXn, \ hm Atc temIm\mw Imamb
temImx {]nbm `h-y--\kvXp Imamb temImx
{]nb `hn, \ hm Atc tZhm\mw Imamb
tZhmx {]nbm`h- y- -\kvX p Imamb tZhmx
{]nbm `h- n, \hm Atc thZm\mw Imamb
thZmx {]nbm `h-ym-\kvX Imamb thZmx
{]nbm `hv , \ hm Atc `qXm\mw Imamb
`qXm\n {]nbmWn `hym- -\ kvX p Imamb
`qXm\n {]nbmWn `h-n, \ hm Atc kky
Imab k-{]nbw `hy-\ kvX p Imamb
kh {]nbw `h-Xn. Bm hm Atc {Zhyx
t{imXthym athym \ nZn[ ym- k n- X thym
ssat{X- b m- \n JeztcZrt {iptX atX
hnmX CZ Hmw kh hnZnXw.

thn [\w {]nb-s--h\

- m-Ip-n-, Xt-Xmb {]tbm-P-\n-\p-thn [\w {]nb-s--Xm-bn-o-cp-p. arK--fpsS
{]tbm-P-\-n-\p-thn arK- {]nb-s--h-bm-Ip-n- .
kzw {]tbm-P\
- -n-\p-thn arK- {]nb-s--h-bm-bno-cp-p, {_m-Ws {]tbm-P-\-n-\p-thn {_mW {]nb-s--h-\m-Ip- n-. kzw {]tbm-P- \-n- \p-thn
{_m-W {]nb-s--h- \m-bn-o-cp-p. {Xn-bs {]tbmP-\-n-\p-thn {Xn-b {]nb- \m-Ip-n-, kzw {]tbmP-\-n-\p-thn {Xn-b {]nb-s--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
temI-ns {]tbm-P-\-n-\mbn temIw {]nb-s--Xm-Ipn-, kzw {]tbm-P-\-n-\mbn temIw {]nb-s--Xm-bno-cp-p, tZh-m-cpsS {]tbm-P-\
- n-\p-thn tZh-m
{]nb-s--h-cm-Ip-n-, kzw {]tbm-P-\-n-\p-thn tZhm {]nb- s--h-cm-bn-o- cp-p. thZ- -fpsS {]tbm-P-\- n\p-thn thZ- {]nb-s--h-bm-Ip-n-. kzw {]tbmP-\- n-\p-thn thZ- {]nb- s--h-bm-bn-o-cp-p. `qX-fpsS {]tbm-P-\-n-\p-thn `qX- {]nb-s--h-cm-Ipn-. kzw {]tbm-P-\-n-\p-thn `qX- {]nb-s-h-cm-bn-o-cp-p. Fmhcp-tSbpw {]tbm-P-\-n-\p-thn
Fm-hcpw {]nb-s--h-cm-Ip-n-, kzw {]tbm-P-\-n-\pthn Fmhcpw {]nb-s--h-cm-bn-o-cp-p. AXn-\m
Atbm ssat{Xbo! Bm-hp-Xs Zi-\o-b-hpw, {ihWo-b -h pw, a\-\ o-b-h pw, [ym\-tbm-Ky-h p-am-I p-p. tl
ssat{Xbo! Xo-bmbpw B-Zi-\hpw, {ih-Whpw, a\\-hpw, hnm-\hpw Dm-bn--gn-m Ch-sb-m-nsbpw m\w Dm-Ip-p.

80. D]x {_Xw ]cm- ZmZv tbm -f \y{Xm- t\m

{_ thZ {X w X ] c m- Z mZv tbm - f
\y{Xm\x {Xw thZ temImkv X w ]cmZptc ym - f \ y{X m t\ m te mIm thZ
thZmkvXw ]cm-Zptcym f- \y{Xmt\m tZhm
thZ thZmkvX w ]cm-Zptcym -f \y{Xm- t\m
thZm thZ `qXm\n Xw ]cmZp tcym f- \y{Xt\m thZm thZ `qXm\n Xw ]cm-Zptcym f\y{Xm- t\m `qXm\n thZ khXw ]cm-ZmZv
tbm -f \y{Xm- \x kh thtZZw {_tZw
{X-anta temIm Cta tZhm CtathZm Cam\n
`qXm-\oZ Hmw kh bZ-b-am-m

bmsXm-cp- {_m-W-Pm-Xnsb Bm-hn \npw

`n-ambn Icp-Xp-p-thm, Ahs\ {_m-W-PmXn ]cm-P-bs-Sp-p-p. Bcv {Xn-bP
- m-Xnsb Bm-hn\npw
Atlw ]d-p Atbm ssat{Xbo ]Xn-bpsS `n-ambn Icp-Xp-p-thm, Ahs\ {Xn-b-PmXn ]cm-P-b{]tbm-P-\-n-\p-thn ]Xn {]nb-s--h-\m-Ip-n-, Xt- s- Sp-p-p. Bcv temIs Bm-hn\npw `n-ambn
Xmb {]tbm-P\
- -n-\p-thn ]Xn {]nb-s--h\
- m-bn-o-cp- Icp-Xp-p-thm, Ahs\ temIw ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-p-p. Bcv
p, `mcy-bpsS {]tbm-P-\-n\p thn `mcy {]nb--cn-bm- tZh-X-Isf Bm-hn-\npw `n-ambn Icp-Xp-p-thm,
Ip-n-, kz- amb {]tbm-P-\-n-\p-thn `mcy {]nb-s- Ahs\ tZh-X- I ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-p-p. Bcv thZ-sf
-h-fm-Ip-p, ]p{Xs {]tbm-P-\-n-\p- thn ]p{X {]nb- Bm-hn\npw `n-ambn Icp-Xp-p-thm, Ahs\ thZs--h\
- m-Ip-n- , kzw {]tbm-P-\-n-\p-thn ]p{X ]cm-P-b -s - S p- p- p. Bcv `qX- sf Bm{]nb-s--h-\m-bn- o-cp-p, [\-ns {]tbm-P-\-n- \p- hn\np `n- ambn Icp-Xp-p-thm, Ahs\ `qX- ]cm-

339

I P-b-s-Sp-p-p. Bcv Fm-h-tcbpw Bm-hn\npw

`n-ambn Icp-Xp-p-thm, Ahs\ Fm-hcpw ]cm-P-b-sSp-p-p. Cu {_m-W-Pm-Xn, Cu {Xn-bP
- m-Xn, Cu
temIw, Cu tZh-m, Cu thZ-, Cu `qX-, Cu
Fm-hcpw, IqSmsX as-s-m-ap-tm, Ah-sbmw Bmhp- X-s-bm- Ip- p.

tmI-fpw ({_m- - W-a-{w) kq{X- epw (ssh-Z- I

o - h- kvXpkw-{K-l-hm-Iyw) kq{X--fpsS hymJym-\-hpw, a{-fpsS
hymJym-\-hpw, b-fpw lh-\-hpw, Bin-X- hpw, ]mbnX-hpw, Cu temI-hpw, ]c-tem-Ih
- pw, kq-`q-X- fpw
Fmw CXns \nizm-k-X-s- bm-Ip-p.

85. D] k bYm khm-km-a]m Hmw kap{Z GIm

b\-tah Hmw kthjm Hmw kv]im\mw XztK
81. D]x k bYm Zpp-t`l-\y-am-\ky \ _mlym
Imb- \ - t ah Hmw k thj mw K m\ mw
RvO_vZm-RvO-Iv\
- p-bmZv {Kl-Wmb Zpp-t`kvXp
\mkntI GIm-b -\ -tah Hmw kthjmw Hmw
{KltW\ Zpp- ` ym- L m- X ky hm i_v t Zm
ckm\mw Pnsslz Imb-\-tah Hmw kthjm
KrloXx
Hmw c q] mW mw N p- t c - I m- b - \ - t ah Hmw
Hcp Zpp-`n-bpsS ta hSn apX-em-b-h-sImv BLm-Xkthjm Hmw i_vZm\m Hmw t{im{X-ta-Im-btan--s-Sp-p, B Zpp-`n-bpsS _mly-i-_vZ-sf
\-tah Hmw kthjm Hmw k-e v]m\mw a\
Bpw Hcp hn[-nepw {Kln-p-hm km[n-p-n-,
GIm-b-\ -tah Hmw khmkmw hnZym\m Hmw
Fm Zpp-`n-tbtbm AYhm AXns BLm- X-ttbm
lrZ-bta Imb-\-tah Hmw kthjm I-aWm
{Kln-p--tXm-Sp-IqSn AXns i_vZhpw {Kln--s--XmHmw lkvXm-ta-Im-b-\-tah Hmw kth-jm-am-\bn- o-cp-p.
mk-ap] GIm-b -\ -tah Hmw kthjmw
hnkKmWmw ]mbp-tc-Im-b-\-tah Hmw kth82. D]x k bYm iMv J ky [v a mb- a m- \ ky \
jm-a-[z\mw ]mZm-th-Im-b-\-tah Hmw kthjmw
_mlym-RvO-_vZm-RvO-Iv\p-bmZv {Kl-Wmb iMv
thZm\mw hmtK-Im-b\w
Jky Xp {Kl-tW\ iMvJ-[vaky hm i_vtZm
Krlo-X.
kap{Zw Fns\ Fm Pe-pw Ab\w ({]-f-bm-\w) BIptm AXp- t]mse Fm kv]i-\-pw
sXmen Hcp Ab-\-am-Ip-p, Fm K-pw cp
\mknI Hcp Ab- \-am- Ip-p, Fm ck-pw Pnlz Hcp
Ab-\-am-Ip-p, Fm cq]-pw Npv Hcp Ab-\am-Ip-p, Fm i_vZ-pw t{im{Xw Hcp Ab-\-am-Ip83. D]x k bYm hoWmssb hmZy-am-\ mssb \ p, Fm k-ev]
- pw a\v Hcp Ab-\-am-Ip-p,
hmZym-R v O - _ v Zm- R vO - p- \ p- b mZv {Kl- W mb Fm hnZy-Ipw lrZbw Hcp Ab-\-am-Ip-p, kakvX
hoWm ssb Xp {Kl-tW\ hoWm-hm-Zky hm I-pw ssI Hcp Ab-\-am-Ip-p, Fm B\-i_vtZm KrloXx
pw D]w Hcp Ab-\-am-Ip-p, Fm hnkhmbn- - s- Sp hoW-bpsS, _mly-i-_vZs {Kln- p- pw KpZw Hcp Ab- \- am-Ip-p, ka- kvX- am-pw
-Xn Bcpw ka-cm-Ip-n-, Fm hoWtbm cp Nc-W Hcp Ab-\-am-Ip-p. CXp-t]mse Xs
AXnsc hmbn--en-t\tbm {Kln-pXnt\m-Sp-IqSn B Fm thZ-pw hmv Hcp Ab-\-am-Ip-p.
i_vZhpw Krlo-X-am-bn-o-cp-p.
86. D] k bYm ssk-h -[ t\m -f \tcm -f
hmbnh-q-Xp iwJns i_vZw {Kln-pXn
Bcpw ka-cm- Ip-n-, Fm iwJns DuX {Klnp--tXm-Sp-IqSn AXns i_vZhpw {Kln- -s--Xm-bn-ocp-p.

84. D]-k bYm -ff ss{Z[m-t-c-`ym-ln-Xky ]rY

Kv [ qam hn\n- - c - t yhw hm Atc - f ky
altXm `qXky \niz-k n-X -ta-X Zv bZr-tKztZm
bPqthZx kma-thtZm -f [hm-MvK n-ck CXnlmkx ]pcmWw hnZym D]-\ n-j Zx tmImx
kq{XmWy\phym-Jym-\m\n hymJym-\m-\n Hmw
lpX- a minXw ]mbn-X - a bw N temIx ]c
temIx khmWn N `qXm-\ y-ssky-ssh-X m\n
khmWn \niz-kn-Xm\n
\\-p-Ip-Xn hndIp Ipp--Xn\npw {]tXyI- a mb coXn-b n- e p [qaw Db- c p- -X p- t]mse tl
ssat{Xbo! Cu EtKz-Z-hpw, kma-th-Z-hpw,AYh-th- Z-hpw,
CXn-lm-k-hpw, ]pcm-Wh
- pw, hnZy-bpw, D]-\n-j-p--fpw,

_mlyx Irvt\m-c-k[
- \ Gssh-hw hm Atc
-f bam-\-tcm f- _mlyx Irv\x {]m\- [ \ Gssh- t Xt`ym `qtX`yx kap- mb
Xmt\y-hm\p hn\-iyXn \ t{]Xy kwm-kvXoXytc {_ho aoXn tlmhmN bm-hevIyx
F{]- Imcw Dns Hcp IjWw _mlym- - c-t`- Z-an- msX
ck- k-q-am- bn-cn-p-p-thm, tl ssat{X-bn, A{]-Imcw
Xs Cu Bmhp _mlym-- c-t`-Z-c-ln-X-ambn kqamb {]m-[-\-tm-Sp-IqSn \ne-\np-p. CXv Cu `qX-tfm-Sq-IqSn Dn-X-am-Ip-Ibpw Ah-tbm-Sp-IqSn Xs \inp-Ibpw sNp-p. C{]-Imcw ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSn AXv
\mam-h- ti-j-am-bn-o-cp-p. tl ssat{Xbo! Rm-\n- {]-Imcw
]d-bp-p. Cns\ bm-h-evIy ]d-p.

340

I 87. D] km tlmhmN ssat{X--ss{Xh am `K

hm tamlm- - a m- ] o- ] n- b hm Al- a naw
hnPm\m-aoXn k tlmhmN \ hm Atc f- lw
tamlw {_ho- a y- h n- \ mio hm Atc - f bamm\pOnn-[ am
ssat{Xbn ]dp {ioam Av Fs C-hn-sS-Xs
taml-n ]Xn-n-n-cn-p-p. CXn hnti-j-hn-[n-bmbn
F\n-smpw Xs a\-kn-em-bn-n-. Atlw ]dp:
Atbm ssat{Xbo ! Rm taml- k w- _ - - a mbn
bmsXmpw Xs ]d-n-n-. Cu Bmhv \nbambpw
Ahn-\m-in-bpw, A\p-tO-Z-cq-]-tm- Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-am-Ip-p.

88. D] b{X ln ssZzX-anh `hXn XZn-Xc CXcw

]iyXn XZn-Xc CXcw Pn{LXn XZn-X c CXc
Hmx ckbtX XZn-Xc CX-c-a-`n-h-ZXn XZn-Xc CXc
Hmw irtWmXn XZn-Xc CXcw a\ptX XZnXc
CXc Hmw kv]riXn XZn-Xc CXcw hnPm\mXn
b{X Xzky kh-am-ssXvahm-`qXv XXv tI\ Iw
]tiyXv XXv tI\ Iw Pnt{LXv XXv tI\ \
Hmw ck-tbXv XXv tI\ Ia-`n-h-tZXv XXv tI\
I Hmw irWp-bmXv XXv tI\ Iw a\zoX XXv
tI\ I Hmw kv]rtiyXv XXv tI\ Iw hnPm- -\obmXv tbt\Z Hmw kh hn Pm\mXn Xw tI\
hnPm-\o-bmXv k Gj t\Xn t\Xym-m-Krtlym
\ ln KrlytX - f iotcym \ ln iocytX -f
kMvtKm \ ln kPytX -f kntXm \ hyYtX
\ cnjyXn hnm-Xm-c-atc tI\ hnPm-\o-bm-ZnXyp- m- \ p- i m- k - \ mkn ssat{XtXmh- Z tc
Jevh ar-X -X z-a nXn tlmzm bmhevtIym
hnP-lmc
FhnsS (A-hn-Zym-h
m-\-n) ssZzX-ap-m-bn-cn-pp-thm, AhnsS A\yw A\ys Zin-p-p. A\yw
A\ys izkn-p-p, A\yw A\ys Bkz-Zn-p-p,
A\yw A\ys A`n- hm-Z\w sNp-p, A\yw A\ys
{ihn-p-p, A\yw A\ys a\\w sNp-p. A\yw
A\ys kv]in-p-p, A\yw A\ys hnti-j-hn[n-bmbn {Kln-p-p. Fm FhnsS CXn- \p- thn Fm
Bm-fpw Bbn-o-cp-p-thm, AhnsS GXnqSn
GXns\ Zinpw? FnqSn Fns\ izknpw?
FnqSn Fns ckw Bkz-Znpw? FnqSn
Fns\ Bkz-Znpw? FnqSn Fns\ {ihnpw?
BcnqSn Bsc A`n-hm-Z\w sNpw? FnqSn
F ns\ a\\w sNpw? F n qSn F ns\
kv]inpw? BcnqSn Bsc Adnbpw? bmsXm-p-hgn-bmbn ]pcp-j Ch-sbmw Adn-bp-p-thm, AXns\
GXp km[-\-bm Adn-bpw? t\Xn-t\Xn C{]-Imcw \ntin--s-Sp Bmhv AKr-ly-am-Ip-p- -A-X-dn-b-s-Spn; Aio-cy-am-Ip-p--A-Xn\p hn\miw kw`-hn-p-n;
Akw-K-am- Ip-p--A-Xm-k--am-Ip-n; A_--am-Ip-p--

AXv hyYn-X-hpw, oWn-X-hp-am-Ip-n- , tl ssat{Xbo!

hnm-Xm-hns\ GXp am-nqSn {Kln-m Ignbp-Xv? C{]-Imcw \n\-p-]-tZiw \I-s-n-cn-p-p.
ssat{Xbn! a\-n-emq; Aar-XXzw C{Xbpw am{Xta Dq.
C{]-Imcw ]d-p-sImv bm-h-eI
v y ]cn-{h-PI (k\ym-kn) \mbn-op.

Bdmw {_mWw
89. D]x AY h Hmwix ]uXn-amtjym Ku]-h-\mZv
Km]-h\x ]uXn-am-jymXv ]uXn-amtjym Ku]
h\mZv Ku]-h\x Iuin-ImXv IuinIx Iun
\yXv Iu n\ yx im n- e ym- O m- ne yx
IuinI KuX-am KuXax.
C\v bm-h-evIy-Im- ns hwi- ]- c- c ]d-bp- p-]u-Xn-am-jy Ku]-h\
- -\n\n-pw, Ku]-h-\ ]uXn-amjy-\n\n-pw, ]uXn-am-jy Ku]-h-\-\n\n-pw, Ku]h-\ Iuin-I-\n\n-pw, Iuin-I Iun-\y-\n\npw, Iun-\y imn-ey-\n\n- pw, imn-ey
Iuin-I-\n\n-pw, KuX-a KuX-a-\n\npw

90. D]: An- t h- i ym- Z m- n- t htiym KmKymZv

KmtKym KmKymZv KmtKym KuX-amZv KuXax
sskX- h mXv sskXhx ]mcm- i - c ym- b - W mXv
]mcmi-cym-btWm KmKym-b-WmZv KmKym-bW
D m- e - I m- b - \ m- Z p- m- e - I m- b t\m Pmhm- e m- b \mmhmem-bt\m am[y- n-\ m-b-\m- -[y-n-\mb\x kuI-c m-b-WmXv kuI-cm-bWx Imjm-bWmXv Imjm-bWx kmb-Im-b-\mXv kmb-Im-b\x
IuinIm-bt\; Iuin-Im-b\nx
(Ku-X-a) An-th-i y-\n\n-pw, An-th-iy
KuKy-\n-e-\n-pw, KmKy KuX-a-\n\n-pw, KuX-a
sskX-h-\n\n-pw, sskX-h ]mcm-i-cy-b-W-\n\npw, ]mcm-i-cy-b-W KZmKym-b-W-\n\n-pw, KmKymb-W Dm-e-Im-b- \n\n-pw, Dm- e-Im- b-\ Pm_m-em-b-\\n\n- pw, Pm_m- em- b- \ am[y- n- \m-b-\- \n\n- pw, am[yn-\m-b-\ kuI-cm-b-W-\n\n-pw, kuI-cm-b-W
Imjm-b-W-\n\n-pw, Imjm-b-W kmb-Im-b-\-\n\npw, kmb-Im-b-\ Iuin-Im-b-\n\n-pw, Iuin-Im- b-\. n

91. D] LrX-Iu-in-ImZv LrX-Iu-inIx ]mcm-icym

bW mX v ] mc m- i - c ym- b W x ] mc m- i - c ymX v
]cmitcym PmXq-IWym-m-Xq-IWy Bkpcm-b-W m bmkvIm- m-kp-cm-b-W -kvss{X-h-tWkvs s{X-h-Wn-c u-] Pt\-c u-]-P- -\ n-cm-k p-tccm- k p- c o`m- c - Z zm- P mZv `mcZzmP Bt{X- b m- Z mt{Xtbm amtam-n KuX-amZv KuXtam KuXam-Zv KuXtam hmXvkymZv hmyx imn-eymO m- ne yx s s Iti m- c ymX v ImW ymX v
ssItimcyx ImWywx Ipam-c-lm-cn-XmXv Ipam-c-

341

lm-cntXm Kme-hmZvKmethm hnZ`n-Iu-n-\ymZv

hnZ`n-Iunt\ym h-\-]mtXm _m{`-hmZv
h-\ -]mZv {_m`qhx ]Yx ku`-cmXv ]mw
tkm`tcm f- bmkym-Z-MvK n-c-km-Z-bmky AMv Knck B`qtXkvXzm-m-Zm-`q-Xn-kvXzmtm hniz-cq]mXv Xzm mZv hniz-cq-]-kvXz-m-izn-`ym-aizn\u
Z[oN BYh- W mZv Z[yMv M mYhtWm - f
YhtWm ssZhm-Z - Y hm ssZthm artXymx
{] m[ z- H mw - k \ r X ypx {] m[ z- H mw - k \ x
{]m[zxHmwk-\mXv {]m[z Hmwk\ GItj-tcIjn-{]-N n-thn-{]Nn nthy-thynx
k\mtcmx k\mcpx k\m X\mXv k\m-X\x k\KmX k\Kx ]c-tajvTn\x ]c-tajvTn {_tWm
{_ kzbw`q {_tW \ax.

CXv (]-c-{_w ]q-am-Ip-p. AXv (tkm-]m-[n-I-amb

{_-hpw) ]q-am-Ip-p. Cu (Im-cym--I-amb ]q-X(Im-c-Wm-- I-am-b) ]q-X- bn\n-p-Xs D-hn-p-p.
Cu ]q-Xz-ns ]qX (A-hn-Zym-Ir-X-amb A\y-Xzm`m-kw) amn--g- m ]q-X- Xs Ah-ti-jn-p-p.

2. D] Hmw Jw {_ Jw ]pcmWw hmbpcw JanXn

l kvaml Iuc-hym-b-Wo-]pt{Xm thtZm -f bw
{_Wm hnZpth-ssZ-t\\ bZv thZnXhyw

BImiw {_-amb HmwIm-c-am- Ip-p. BImiw (C- hnsS

PUw Dm-bn-cn-p-n- ) k\m-X-\( ]c-am-m-hv)amIp-p.
AXn hmbp hkn-pp; B BImiw Xs Jw (Hcp
a{w) BIp-p. C{]-Imcw Iuc-hym-b-Wo-]p-{X ]d-ncn-p-p. CXv HmwIm-c-amb thZ-am-Ip-p--C-{]-Imcw {_mW a\-n-em-p-p. Fp-sIm-s-m bmsXmv
LrX-Iu-in-I-\n\n-pw, LrX-Iu-in-I ]mcm-im-cymm\-hy-am-bn-c n-p-pthm AXn \npw CXns
b-W-\n\n-pw, ]mcm- im-cym-b-W ]mcm-i-cy-bn\n-pw,
m\w Dm-Ip-p.
]mcm-icy PmXq-IWy-bn\n-pw, PmXq-IWy Bkp-cmb-W-\n\n-pw, Bkp-c m-b -W bmkvI-\n\n-pw,
Bkp-cm-b-W ss{Xhn-bn\n-pw, ss{Xhn Hu]- cmw {_Ww
P-n-\n-bn\n-pw, Hu]-P-n\n Bkq-cn-bn\n-pw,
Bkqcn `mc-Zzm-P-\n\n-pw, `mc-Zzm-P At{X-b\
- n\n- 3. D] {Xbmx {]mP-] Xymx {]Pm- ] Xu ]nXcn
pw, At{X-b amn-bn\n-pw, amn KuX-a-\n\n- {_-Nb-`q-jptZhm a\pjzm Akpcm Djn Xzm
pw, KuX-a KuX-a-\n\n- pw, KuX-a hmym-\n\n- {_-Nb tZhm DuNp{_-hoXp t\m `hm-\ nXn
pw, hmym imn-e y-\ n\n-pw, imn-e y tXt`ym sslX-Z--c-ap-hmN Z CXn hymm-knm
ssItim-cy-Im-]y-bn\n-pw, ssItim-c-Im]y Ipam-c-lm-cn- CXn hymm-k n-j vtaXn tlmNpZm-a y-tXXn \
X-\n\n-pw, Ipam-c-lm-cn-X Kme-h-\n\n-pw, Kme-h Bt-tXym-anXn tlm hmN hymm-kn-t-Xn.
hnZ`o-Iu-n-\y-\n\n-pw, hnZ_o-Iu-n-\y htZh-m, a\p-jy, Akp-c, {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS Cu ]p{X\-]m-Z-_m-`q-h\
- n\n-pw, h-\-]m-Z-_m-`q-h ]m-ku- m ]nXm-hmb {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS ASp- {_-Ncy A\p`-c-\n\n-pw, ]m-ku-`-c AbmkyAwKn-c-n\n- jvTn-p. {_-N-cym-{hXw Ign--tm tZh-m ]d-p
pw, Bbmky AwKo-cv B`q-Xn-Xz--\n\n-pw, B`q- Av Rp-]-tZiw \In-bmepw {]Pm- ]Xn Ah-tcmSv
Xn-Xz- hniz-cq-]-Xz--\n\npw hniz-cq-]-Xz- Ain- Z F Acw ]d-p-sImv tNmZnp a\-nemtbm?
hn-\n-Ip-am-c-m-cn\n-pw, Aizn-\n-Ip-am-c-m Z[y-m- AXn-\-h adp-]Sn ]d-p a\-n-em-bn, Av R-tfmSv
YhW\n\n-pw, Z[y-m-YhW AYhm-tZ-h- Za\w sNp FmWv ]d-Xv Atm {]Pm-]-Xn, icn
\n\n-pw, AYhm-tZ-h arXyp-{]m-[zw-k-\-\n\n-pw, \n {Kln-n-cn-pp Fp ]d-R-A-Rp.
arXyp-{]m-[zw-k-\ {]m[zw-k-\ -n\npw, {]m[zw-k
4. D] AY ssl\w a\pjym DuNp{_-h oXp
GIjn-bn\n-pw, GIjn hn{]-Nn-n-bn\n- pw,
t\m `hm-\nXn tXt`ym sslX-tZ-hm--c-ap-hmN
hn{]-Nnn Xymn-bn\n-pw, Xvb
v n k\m-cp-hn\n-pw,
Z CXn hy-knm CXn hy-k n-jvtaXn
k\mcp k\m-X- \- \n\n-pw, k\m-X-\ k\- K-\n\n- pw,
tlmNpZ-tXn \ Bt-t Xym-anXn tlmhm
k\-K ]c-ta-n-bn\n-pw, ]c-tan {_m-hn\npw
NX hym-kn-tXn
Cu hnZy {]m]n-p. {_mhv kzbw-`q-hm-Ip-p, {_mhns\ \a-kI
v -cn-p-p.
A\-cw {]Pm-]-Xn-tbmSv a\p-jy ]dp: Av
Rp-]-tZiw \In-bmepw Ah-tcmSv {]Pm-]Xn Z
F Acw Xs ]d-p-sImv tNmZnp Fm a\n-emtbm? a\p-jy adp-]Sn ]d-p Av R-tfmSv
Zm\w sNp-hm ]d-n-cn-p-p. icn \n a\-n-emHmw {_mWw
n-bn-cn-pp Fv {]Pm-]Xn ]d-p.

Am- a-ymbw

1.

D]- Hmw ]qW- a Zx ]qW- a nZw ]qWmXv

]qW- a p- Z - N y- t X, ]qWky ]qW- a m- Z mb
]qW-tahm hinjytX.

5. D] AY ssl\-a-kpcm DuNp{_-hoXp t\m

`hm-\nXn tXt`ym sslX-tZ-hm- -c -ap-hmN Z

342

CXn hy m- k nm CXn hy mkntjy

XntlmNpZ- b [z- a nXn \ Bt- t Xym- a nXn
tlmhmN hym-kn-tXn XtZ-X -tZ-s shjm
ssZho hmK-\-h-ZXn kvX\-bn-Xv\pZ Z Z CXn
ZmayX Z Zb- [ z- a nXn XtZ- X Xv {XbHmw
intaw Zm\w Zbm-an-Xn.
]noSv Akp-c-m {]Pm-]-Xn-tbmSv ]d-p Av
Rp-]-tZiw \In-bm-epw. Ah-tcmSpw Z F
Acw ]d- p-sImv {]Pm-]Xn tNmZnp a\-n-emtbm?
Fv. Rp a\n-embn Ah ]d-p, Ap RtfmSp Zb-hp-h-cm-Ip-hm ]d-n-cn-p-p. Atm
{]Pm- ]Xn \n {Kln-n-cn-p-p Fv ]d- p. B {]Pm]XnbpsS A\p-i m-k -\ s taL-K -\ -c q-] n-b mb
hmKvtZhn Cp Z Z Z Fv ]cn-`m-j-s-Sp-n-sm-n-cnp-p. AXm-bXv Za\w sNq, Zm\w sNq, Zb sNq
Fv. AXn-\m Zam, Zm\w, Zb Cu aqpw A`y-kn-phn.

Ah AkXv (A- `m- h-`q-Xw) Bbn ]cn- W-an-p-p. bmsXmcp- Cu al-mb b-s\, (]q-Pv\o-b) {]Y-a-ambn
D-hn--hs\ kXy-{_-s C{]-Imcw a\-n-em-p-pthm, Ah\v D]-tcm- -- fmb ^e- e`y- am- Ip-p. FpsIm-s- m {_w kXyw Xs-bm-Ip-p.

Amw {_mWw
8. D]x B] Gth-Z-a{K Bkq-cXm B]x kXya
krP kXyw {_ {]P-m]Xnw {]Pm-] -Xn
tZhHmw kvtX tZhm kXy-tathm ]mktX XtZ
XXv {Xy-c -Hmw-k -Xy-anXn k CtXy-I -a-cw
XotXy-I-a--cw ban-tXy-I-a-cw {]Y-tam-ta
Atc kXyw a[ytXm -f \rXw XtZ-X-Z-\r-Xap` bXx ktXy\ ]cn-Kr-l oX Hmw kXy-` q-btah `hXn ss\hw hnZzm Hmw ka-\ rX Hmw
ln\-k vX n.

Cu hy-amb PKv BZyw Pew-Xs Bbn-cp-p.

B Pew kXys krn-p. AXn-\m kXyw {_-amaqmw {_mWw
Ip-p. {_w {]Pm-]Xn-tb-bpw, {]Pm-]Xn tZh-It- fbpw
6. D]x Gj {]Pm-]-XnbZv lrZ-b-ta-XZv {_ss krn-p. B tZh-KWw kXy-s-Xs D]m-kn-p-p.
XXv kh XtZ-XXv {Xy-c-Hmw-lr-Zb
- -anXn lr Cu kXyw aq--c--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-Wv. "k' Hc--cw,
CtXy-I-a--c-a-`n-l-cykvssa kzmmt\y Nb "Xo' Hc--cw, "bw' CXv Hc-wcw Ch- bn {]Y- ahpw AnGhw thZ Z CtXy-I-a-cw ZZ-Xykvssa kzm a-hp-amb A-c- kXyhpw a[y-n-teXv A\r-X-hp-amt\y N b Ghw thZ ban-tXy-I-a--c-taXn Ip-p. AXv, Cu A\rXw cp `mK-p-\npw kXym ]cn-Kr-lo-X- am-Ip-p. AXn-\m CXv kXy-_- lpew
kzK temIw b Ghw thZ
Xs-bm-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw Adn-bp--hs\ A\r-Xw(-A-kbmsXmv lrZ-b- am-Ip- p-thm, AXv {]Pm- ]-Xn- bm-Ip- p. Xyw)-sIm- p-n-.
CXp {_-am-Ip-p, CXv k-hp-am-Ip-p. Cu lrZbw
aq--c--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb \ma-am-Ip-p. lr CXv Hc- -cw. 9. D] XZv bXv kXy-aku k BZntXym b
Gj GX-kvan ate ]pcptjm bmbw
bmsXm-cp- C{]-Imcw a\-n-em-p-p-thm, Ah-\pZntW -f ]pcp-j-kvXm-th-Xm-h-t\ym\y
thn kz P\--fpw, ap P\-fpw _en-ka
- n-p-p.
kv a n {]Xn- j v T nXu civ a n- ` n- t c- t jm- k v a n
Z CXv Hc-- cw. bmsXm-cp- C{]-Imcw {Kln-p- pthm
{]Xnjv T nx {]mssW- c - b - a p- j v a n k btZmAh\v kz P\-epw ap--hcpw _en kan-p-p. bw
Xv { Ianjy `hXn ip- t a- s sh- X - - ew
CXv aqm-as A-c-am-Ip-p. bmsXm-cp- C{]- Imcw
]iyXn ss\\-tatX civabx {]Xym-bn
{Kln-p-p-thm, Ah kz-tem-I-n-tep t]mIp- p.

\memw {_mWw
7. D]x XZv ssh XtZ-X-tZh XZmk kXy-tah k
tbm sslXw alZv bw {]Y-aPw thZkXyw
{_tXn Pb-Xo-amw-tm-Im-RvPnX Czm-km-hZy
Gh- ta-X - -l Zv bw {]Y-aPw thZ kXyw
{_tXn kXy Hmw tlyh-{_

bmsXmp kXy-am-bn-cn-p-p-thm, AXv Cu BZn-Xy\m-Ip-p. bmsXm-v Cu BZn-Xy-a--e

- n ]pcp-j-\mbn-cn-p-p-thm, bmsXmv Zn-W-t\-{X- n ]pcp-j-\mbn-cn-p-p-thm, Ah Cu cp ]cp-j
- mcpw Hv a-smn {]Xn-jvTn-am-Ip-p. BZn-Xy civan-I hgn-bmbn
Nmpj-]p-cp-j-\n {]Xn-jvT n-X -\pw,-Nm- p-j-]p-cp-j
{]mWh-gn-bmbn AXn {]Xn-jvTn-X\pw BIp-Ibpw
sNp-p. bmsXmcp kabw Ch (Nm-p-j]
- p-cp-j)
DXv{I- aWw sNp- hm XpS- p- pthm Atm Ah Cu
a-es ip-am-bn-Xs hon-p-p. ]noSv Cu
civan-I Chs ASp--tev Xncn-p-h-cp-n-.

bmsXmv kXyw Xs-bm-Ip-p-thm, B lrZ-b-amb

{_w-Xs kXy-am-Ip-p. Bcv Cu al-mb (]q-Py)
b-s\, {]Y-a-ambn D-hn--hs\ CXp kXy-{_--amIpp Fv a\-n-em-p-p-t]m, Ah Cu temI-sf 10. D] b Gj GX- k v a n ate ]pcp- j kvXky `qcnXn inc GIHmw inc GI-ta-X-ZIog-S-p-p. Ahs i{Xp- Ah-\-[o-\-am-bn-o-cp-p.

343

cw `ph CXn _mlq Zzu _mlq tZz GtX

Atc kzcnXn {]XnjvTm tZz {]XnjvtT tZz
GtX A tc Xtkym-]-\ n-j -Z-l-cnXn ln
]m]vam\w PlmXn N b Ghw thZ
Cu a-e-n bmsXm-cp- Cu ]pcp-j-\m-bn-cnp-p-thm, Ahs `q Cu icn-m-Ipp; incv GI-amIpp; Cu A-chpw GI-am-Ip-p. `qh CXv `qP-am-Ipp, `qP- cm-Ipp Cu A-c-epw cm-Ip-p.
kzx CXv {]XnjvT (N-cW
- w)-bm-Ip-p. {]XnjvT (N-cW
- w)
cm-Ip-p, Cu A-c-fpw cm-Ip-p. Alc CXhs D]-\n-jm (Kq-V-\m- aw) Ipp. bmsXm-cp- C{]Imcw a\-n-em-p-p-thm, Ah ]m]s sImp-I-bpw,
AXns\ XyPn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.

11. D] tbm -f bw ZntW - f ]pcp- j kvXky `qcnXn inc GIHmw inc GI-ta-X-Zcw `ph CXn _mlq Zzu _mlq tZz GtX
Atc kzcnXn {]XnjvTm tZz {]Xn-jvtT tZz
GtX Atc Xtkym-] -\ n-j -Z-l -anXn ln
]m]vam\w PlmXn N b Ghw thZ.
bmsXm-cp- Cu Zn- W-t\-{X-ns ]pcp-j-\m-bno-cp-p-thm, Ahs `qx Cu inc-m-Ip-p, incv GIam-Ipp Cu A-chpw GI-am-Ip-p. `qhx CXv `pP-amIp-p. `pP- cm-Ip-p, Cu A-c-epw cm-Ipp. kz CXv {]Xn-jvT-bm-Ip-p, {]XnjvT (N-c-Ww) cmIp-p, Cu A-c-fp cm-Ip-p. Alw CXv Ahs
D]-\n-j-m(-Kq-V-\m-aw)-Ipp; bmsXm-cp- C{]-Imcw
a\-n-em-p-p-thm, Ah ]m]s \in-n-p-p.
AXns\ Dt]-n-p-p.

Bdmw {_mWw
12. D] at\m- a tbm - f bw ]pcptjm `mxkXykvXkvanlr-Ztb bYm {holnhm bthm
hm k Gj kh-tky-im\x kh-kym-[n-]Xnx
kh anZw {]imkvXn bZnZw In

hnZypXv {_-am-Ipp Fv ]d-b-s-Sp-p. hnZm\w (J-\tam hn\m-i-tam) \S-p-Xp ImcWw hnZyp-m-bncn-p-p. bmsXm-cp-h hnZypv {_-am-Ipp Fv a\n-em-p-p-thm, Ah Cu Bm-hns {]Xn-Iq-e`- q-Xamb ]m]-sf \in-n-p-p, Fp-sIm-s-m hnZypp-Xs {_-am-Ip-p.

Fmw {_mWw
14. D] hmNw t[\p- a p-j m- k oX Xky- - X zmcx
kvX\mx kzmlm-Imtcm hj-SvImtcm l-Imcx
kz[m-Im-c-kvXssky Zzu kvX\u tZhm D]-Pohn kzmlm-Imcw N hj-SvImcw N l-Imcw
a\p jymx kz[m-Imcw ]nX-c-k vXkym {]mW
Ejt`m at\m hx
hmIvcq-]-amb t[\p-hns\ D]m-kn--s. AXn\v kzmlmImcw hj-SvImcw l- Im- cw, kzm[m-Imcw Fn-s\ \mep
kvX\-fp-v. AXns cp kvX\--fmb kzmlm-Im-cn-tbpw hj-SvIm-c-n-tbpw D]-Po-hn-I tZh-K-W-fm-Ip-p. l-Im-c-ns D]-Po-hn- a\p-jy-cpw, kzm[m-Imc- ns ]nXr- -fp-am-Ip- p. B t[\p-hns {]mW hrj`-hpw, a\v hhpw BIp-p.

H]Xmw {_mWw
15. D] Ab-a- nssh-i zm-\ tcm tbm -f bax
]pcptj tbt\-Z-aw ]NytX bZn-Z-a-ZytX X
sskyj tLmtjm `hXn bta-XXv IWmh
hn[mb irtWmXn k btZm-Xv{I-an-jy `h-Xn
ss\\w tLmj Hmw irtWm-Xn.
bmsXmv Cu ]pcp-js Dn nX-sN-p-pthm
AXv sshizm-\-cm-n- bm- Ip-p. Xaqew Ch Aw `np-I-bpw, ]mI-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Cu Dd i_vZw
AXn-t-Xm-Ip-p. AXns\ ]pcp-j sNhn-b-Sp {ihn-pp. ]pcp-j DXv{I-aWw sNp ka-bv Cu tLmjw
{ihn-- s-Sp-n-.

bmsXm-cp- s kXyw (kz-cq-]w) {]Imcw Xs- bm- bmIp-p-thm, An-s\-bp Cu ]pcp-j at\m-a-b-\m-Ipp. Ah B Alr-Z-b-n [m\ytambhtam BIp]mw {_mWw
p, A{X henb Af-thm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\m-Ip-p. Ah Fmn-tbpw A[n-]-Xn-bpw, kzman-bp-am-Ip-p, AXp-t]m-se- 16. D] bZm ssh ]pcptjm -f kvamtm-ImXv t{]
Xs Fs-m-aptm Ah-sb-m-n- t\-bpw DjXn k hmbp-am-K-OXn Xkvssa k X{X hnPn
tm-Sp-IqSn `cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
lotX XYm cY-N-{Iky Jw tX\ k Du[z

Ggmw {_mWw
13. D] hnZypZv {_t-X ym-l phn-Zm-\mZv hnZypZv
hnZy-tXy\w ]m]va t\m b Ghw thZ hnZypZv
{_tXn hnZypZvt`y h {_

B{IatX k BZn- X y-a m-\ -O Xn Xkvs sa k

X{X hnPn-lotX bYm eav_-cky J tX\ k
Du[z B{I-atX k N{-a-k-am-K-OXn Xkvssa
kX{X hnPn-lotX bYm Zppt`x Jw tX\ k
Du[z B{I-atX k temI-am-K-O -X y-tim-I -alnaw Xkvan hkXn imizXo; kamx.

344

Cu ]pcp-j Cu temI-n\npw acn-p-t]m-Ip

kabw AXv hmbp-hns\ {]m]n-pp. AhnsS B hmbp
Ah-\p-thn On{Z-bp-Ia
v m-bn-o-cp-p--h-gn-am-dn-sm-Sp-pp. AXv F-s\-sb-m cY-N-{I--fpsS Zzmcw-t]m-seX-s-bm-Ip-p. AXp-hg- n-bmbn Ah apI-fn-te-bvp-bcp- p. Ah kqcytem-I -n Fp-p. AhnsS
kqcy Ah-\mbn apt]m-se-bp On{Z-cp-]-amb amw
\Ip-p. AXv ew_cw F hmZy-ns Zzmcw-t]m-sebp-- Xm-Ip-p. AXnqSn Ah Du[z-`m-K-t-bvpb-cp-p. Ah N{-tem-I-n-se-p-p. AhnsS N{\pw
Ah-\p-thn On{Z-bp--amb amw \Ip-p. AXv
GXmv Zpp-`n-bpsS Zzmcw-t]m-ep-X
- m-Ip-p. AXp-h-gnbmbn Ah apI-fn-tebvp Ib-dp-p. Ah timI-cln-X-\mb imco-cnI ZpxJc-ln-X-amb temI-n FpIbpw AhnsS \nXy-ambn B\-h
- j-- hsc, AXmbXv At\Iw {_-I- hsc hkn-p-p.

]Xn-s\mmw {_mWw
17. D]x GXZv ssh ]caw Xt]m b{Z hymln-XkvX
]ytX ]ca Hmw sslh temIw PbXn b Ghw
thssZ-XZv ssh ]caw Xt]m bw t{]X-a-cWy
Hmw lcn ]c-a-Hmw-sslh temIw PbXn b
G hw ths sZ- X Zv s sh ]c aw X t] m bw
t{]Xamh-`ym-Z-aXn ]ca Hmw sslh temIw
PbXn b Ghw thZ.
hym[n-{K-kvX\
- mb ]pcp-j\v bmsXmcp Xm]w Dm-Ipp-thm, AXv \n-b-ambpw ]c-a-amb X]-am-Ipp; Bcv
C{]-Imcw a\-n-em- p-p-thm, Ah ]c-a-tem- Is IogS-pp. arX-]p-cp-js\ Bcv h\-n-tebvp sImp-t]mIp-p-thm, AXv \n-b-ambpw ]c-a-X-]a
- m-Ip-p. bmsXmcp- C{]-Imcw Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah ]c-tem-I-sXs Pbn-p-p. acn a\p-jys\ GsXmw {]I-c-n
Hcp- An-bn hbvp-p-thm, AXv \n-b-ambpw
]c-a-X-]-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw {Kln-p-hs ]c-a-temIs Xs hnP-bn-p-p.

]{mw {_mWw
18. D]x Aw {_- t XyI Alp- k v X XYm
]qbXn hm A-artX {]mWmXv {]mtWm {_
tXyI Blp- k v X XYm ipjyXn ssh
{]mW EtX f- mtZtX l tXzh tZhtX GI[m-`qbw `qXzm ]c-aXmw KO-X-kvX kvaml
{]mXrZx ]n Xcw In Hmw kzntZ-sshhw hnZptj
km[p Ipbm Ita-h mkvam Akm[p IpbmanXn k l kvaml ]mWn\m am {]mXrZ IkvtXz\-tbm-tc-I -[ m-` qbw `qXm ]c-aXmw KO-X oXn
Xkvam D sslX-Zp-hmN hoXyw ssh hyt

loam\n khmWn `qXm \n hnm\n canXn

{]mtWm ssh cw {]mtW loam\n khmWn
`qXm\n cat khmWn l hm Akv an
`qXm\n hnin khmWn `qXm \n cat b
Ghw thZ

Aw {_-am-sWv Nne ]d-bp-p, Fm AXp

icn-b; Fp-sIm-s- m {]mW\n-s-n Aw AgpIn-tm-Ip-p. {]mW {_-am-Ipp Fv Nne ]d-bpp, Fm AXpw icn-b-, Fp-sIm-s-m Aan-s- n {]mW ipjvIn-p- t]m- Ip-p. Fm Cu cp
tZh-Ifpw GI-cq-]s {]m]nv ]c-a-`m-h
- n-se-p-p.
C{]-Imcw \n-bnp sImv {]mXr-Z-a-ljn Xs ]nXmhn-t\mSv ]d-p C{]-Imcw {Kln-n-cn-p--hv Rm
ip`w sN-W-tam, AYhm Aip`w sN-Wtam? (F-psIm-s-m, IrX- Ir- Xy- \m- bXp ImcWw Bpw Ah
ip`hpw Aip-`hpw sNp-hm km[n-p-n-) ]nXmhp
]dp: {]mXrZ! Ans\ ]d-b-cp-Xv. Cu cntcbpw
GI- ]-cq- ]s {]m]n- nv BcmWv ]c- a-Xzs {]m]n- p- Xv?
AXn- \m Ah-t\mSv Atlw (]n- Xm-h)v hn Fp ]d-p.
hn Xs A-am- Ip-p. hn-cq- ]-amb A- nXs Cu
Fm `qX-fpw {]hn--am-Ip-p. cw CXv {]mW-\m-Ip-p,
Fp-sIm-s-m cw AXm-bXv {]mW-\n Xs Cu
Fm `qX-fpw can-p-p. Bcv C{]-Imcw a\-n-em-ppthm Ah-\n Cu Fm `qX-epw {]hn--am-Ip-I-bpw,
Fm `qX- fpw Ah-\n can-p-Ibpw sNp-p.

]Xn-aqmw {_mWw
19. D] DIvvYw {]mtWm hm DIvvYw {]mtWm loZ
Hmw kh- a p- m- ] - b - X yp- m- k v a m- Z p- I v Y - h nZv
hockvX njpXyp-I vY ky kmbqPy Hmw ktemIXmw PbXn b Ghw thZP
DIvYw C{]- Imcw {]mWs\ D]m- kn- - s. {]mW Xs
DIvY-am-Ip-p. Fp-sIm-s-m {]mW Xs Cu
Fm-n-t\bpw Dm\w sNn-p-p. Cu D]m-k-I\n\npw DIvY-th-m-hmb ]p{X P\n-p-p. bmsXmcp- C{]-I mcw D]m-k \ \Spp-thm, Ah
{]mWs kmbq-Pyhpw kmtem-Iyhpw {]m]n-p-p.

20. D] bPqx {]mtWm ssh bPqx {]tWm loam

\n khmWn `qXm\n bpPyt bpPyt lm
kvssa khmWn `qXm\n ss{ijvTymb bPpjx
kmbqPy Hmw ktem-IXmw PbXn b Ghw thZ.
bPq C{]-Imcw {]mWs\ D]m-kn--s. {]mW Xs
bPq-km-Ip-p, Fp-sIm- s- m {]mW-\n Xs Cu
Fm `qX-fpw kt-fn-p-p. Fm `qX-epw CXn
t{ijvT-Xz-m CXp-ambn kwbp--am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw
D]m-k\ \S-p--h bPq-kns kmbq-Pyhpw kmtemIzhpw {]m]n-p-p.

345

I 21. D] kma {]mtWm ssh kma {]mtW loam

\ n k hmW n `qX m\ n k ay n kay n
lmkv s sa khmWn `qXm\n ss{ijv T ymb
Iev]t kmav\x kmbqPy Hmw ktem-Iw
PbXn b Ghw thZ.
- kmaw C{]-Imcw {]mWs\ D]m-kn- - s. {]mW Xs
kma-am-Ipp; Fp-sIm-sm {]mW-\n Xs Cu
Fm `qX-fpw kpkw-K-X-am-bn-cn- p-p. Fm `qX-epw
AXn-\p-thn kpkw-K-X-am-Ipp. Fm `qX-fpw A-Xn\p-thn kpkw-K-X-am-Ip-Ibpw AXns t{ijvT-X-b
v pthn ka- - f m-I p-I bpw sNp- p. C{]- I mcw
kmas D]m-kn-p--h AXns kmbq-Py-t-bpw,
kmtem-Iy-tbpw {]m]n-p-p.

22. D] {Xw {]mtWm ssh {Xw {]mtWm ln

s s h {X w {X mbtX s s l \ w {] mW x
IWntXmx {] {-a-{X-am-]vt\mXn Xv{Xky
kmbqPy Hmw ktem-IXmw PbXn b Ghw thZ
{]mW {Xn-b-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw {]mWs\ D]m-knq. {]mW {X-am-Ip-p. {]mWXs {X-am-Ipp
FXv {]kn- -a m-I p- p. {]mW Cu tZh- ns\
ikv{XmZn P\n-X--fmb X--fn\npw cn-p-p.
A{X--a-m-cn\npw {XmW\w e`n-m {Xw ({]mW)s {]m]n-p-p. Bcv C{]-Imcw D]m-k\ \S-pp-thm, Ah {X-ns kmbq-Pyhpw kmtem-Iyhpw
{]m]n-p-p.

]Xn-memw {_mWw
23. D] `qan-c - -anw `ucn-Xy-m-h- -c m-Wzm
c- H mwl h GIw Kmbss{Xy ]Z- t a- X Zp
sslhm ky GXXv k bmh- t Zjp {Xnjp
temtIjp Xm h PbXn tbm -f kym GXtZhw ]Zw thZ
`qan, A-co-w, tZymhv Ch F--c--fm-Wv. F- c--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXp Xs-bmWv Kmb-{Xn-bpsS Hcp ({]Y-a) ]mZw. CXp-Xs (`qan apX- em-b-h) Cu Kmb-{Xn-bpsS
{]Y-a-]m-Z-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw CXns Cu ]Zs Bc-dnbp-p-thm, Ah Cu {Xntem-I
- -fn Fsmw Dtm
Ahsb Fmw Iog- S-p-p.

24. D]- -E tNm bPqwjn kmam-\ o- X y- m-h - cm

Wy--cHmw l hm GIw Kmbss{Xy ]Z-taX
Zp s s l hmk ym G X X v k bmh- X obw
{XbohnZym Xmh PbXn tbm -f kym GXtZhw ]Zw thZ.

p. Bcv C{]-Imcw CXns Cu ]mZs Adn-bp-p-thm,

Ah {Xbo-hnZy Fp-am{Xw Dtm (A-Xm-bXv {Xbo-hnZyv Fp-am{Xw ^e-ap-tm) Ahsb Fmw Pbn-s-Spp-p.

25. D] {]mtWm -f ]mt\m hym\ CXy-m-h-cm

ym-cHmw l hm GIw Kmbss{Xy ]Zta
X Zp s s l hmk y G X X v k bmh- Z nZw
{]mWnXmh PbXn tbm -f kym GX-tZhw
]Zw thZmYmky GX-tZh Xpcobw Zi\w ]Zw
]tcm-cPmb Gj X]Xn bZv ssh NXpY XXv
Xpcobw Zi\w ]Z-a nXn ZZri Ch tlyj
]tcm-c Pm CXn khap tlysshj cP D]cyp-] cn X]tXyh Hmwsslh {iobm bikm
X]Xn tbm -f ky GX-tZhw ]Zw thZ.
{]mW, A]m-\, hym\ Ch F- - c--fm-Ipp
F-- c--tfm-Ip-Sq-In-S-bmWv Kmb-{Xn-bpsS Hcp (Xr-Xo-b)
]mZw. Kmb-{Xn-bpsS XrXo-b]
- mZw Cu {]mWm-Zn-IX-sbm-Ip-p. Bcv Kmb-{Xn-bpsS Cu ]mZs C{]-Imcw a\n-em-p- pthm Ah Fm Poh-Pm-e- -sfbpw Iog-Sn
`cn-p- p. AXp-t]mse bmsXmv X]np ({]-Im-i np)sImn-cn-p-p-thm, AXp-Xs Chs Xpco-b-hp,
Zi-Xhpw ]tcm-c-P-]-Zhpw BIp-p. GXv NXpY-am-Ip-pthm, AXn-s\-Xs Xpco-b-sap hnfn--s-Sp-p. ZiXw
]Zw CXns Aw-(Cu BZn-Xy-a--e
-]p-cp-j)
ImW-s-Sp--Xp-t]mse (]-tcm-cPm CXns Aw) Cu
Fm cPp (A-Xm-bXv Fm temI--ep-tS-bpw) apI-fn
hkn-p-sImv {]Im-in-X-am- Ip-p. bmsXm-cp- Kmb-{XnbpsS \memw-]Z- s Adn-bp-p-h-\m-bn-cn-p-p-thm,- Ah C{]-ImcwXs tim`-bmepw Ion- bm-epw {]Im-inX-\mbn `hn-p-p.

26. D] sskjm Kmbt{XyXkvan Hmw kvXpcntb

ZitX ]tZ ]tcm- c - P kn {]Xn- j v T nXm XZv
sshXXv ktXy {]Xn-jvTnXw Npssh kXyw
Nln ssh kXyw Xkv a mZv bZn- Z m\ow
Zzuhnh-Z -am-\ m-th-b m-X m-a-l -a-Zi-a-l - a-i zu-j anXnb Ghw {_qbm-Z-l-h-Zi-anXn Xkvam Gh
{i - [ yma X Zv s s h X X v k X yw _ te
{]XnjvTnXw {]mtWm ssh _ew XXv {]mtW
{]XnjvT nXw Xkva m-Zm-lp_-e Hmw kXym-t`mKob CtXyhw thjm Kmb-{Xy-[ ymw {]XnjvTnXm kmssljm Kbm-Hmw-kvXt{X {]mWm
ssh KbmkvX Xv {]mWm-Hmw-k vXt{X XZv bZv
Kbm Hmw kvX t{XXkvamZv Kmb{Xo \ma k
bmta-hm-apHmw kmhn{X-a-\zmssl sshj km
k bkvam A\zm l Xky {XmWm Hmw kv{XmbtX.

ENm, bPqw-jn, kmam-\n Ch F--c- -fm-Ip-p. FCu Kmb{Xn Cu NXpY-Zi-X-]-tcm-cPm ]Z-n

- c--tem-Iq-Sn-bn-XmWv Kmb-{Xn-bpsS Hcp (Zzn-Xo-b) ]mZw.
{]XnjvTn-am-Ipp Cu ]Zw kXy-n {]Xn-jvTn-am-Ip-p.
CXp (E-m-Zn) Xs Cu Kmb-{Xn-bpsS ZznXob ]mZ-am-Ip-

346

I Npv Xs kXy-am-Ip-p. Np-p-Xs kXy-am-

p-I bpw F{X-a m{Xw Pohn-I -f p- m-b n-c n- p- pthm

Ahsb bmsXm-cp- {]Xn-{K-ln- p- pthm AXv CXns
Cu aqm-as ]mZs hym]vX- am-p-I-bpw, CXp-Xs
CXns Xpco- b-Zi-Xhpw ]tcm-c-P-]-Z-hp-am- Ip-p. AXv X]np-p. AXv Hn-\mepw {]m]y-am-Ip-n-. Fp-sIm-sm C{]bpw {]Xn-{K-lWw Bv Fhn-sS-\npw kzoIcn-p-hm Ignbpw?

Ipp Fp {]kn--am-Ip-p. AXn-\m cp ]pcp-j- m

Rm Ip Rm tIp Fn-{]-Imcw hnhmZw \S-p-Ibm-sW-n, Ah-cn Bcw Rm In-cnpp Fp
]d-bp-I-bm-sW-n Ah-s\-Xs \app hniz-kn-mw.
B Xpco-b]
- m-Z-ns B{i-b-`qXw kXy-_-e
- n {]XnjvTn-X-am-Ip-p. {]mW Xs _eamIpp; B kXyw
{]mW-\n {]Xn-jT
v n-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m kXys At]29. D]--Xkym D]- m\w Kmb-{Xym-tky-I-]-ZoZzn
nv _ew HmP-kzn-bm-sWp ]d-bp-p. C{]-Imcw Cu
]Zo-{Xn-] Zo NXp-j v] - Zy-] -Zkn \ ln ]Zytk
Kmb{Xn Aym- -{]m-W -\ n {]Xn-jvTn-am-Ip- p. Cu
\akvtX Xpco-bmb Zi-Xmb {]Zmb ]tcm-cKmb{Xn hmKmZn {]mWs\ {XmWs\ sNbvXn-cpp; AXnPtk f- kmhtZm am {]m]-ZnXn bw Zznjym-Z-km\m CXns\ Kmb{Xn F t]cp-mbn. BNm-cy Fp
hkva Imtam am kar- oXn hm \ sslhm
hjs hSp ({_--Nm-cn) hn\p-th-n-bp D]-\-b-\-kkvssa k Imax kar-[ytX bkvam Gh-ap-]-Xna-bv GsXmcp kmhn-{Xn-bpsS D]-tZiw \In-bn-cp-pjvTtX f- laZx {]]-anXn hm.
thm, AXv ChX-s-bm-bn-cp-p, GsXmw {_-Nm-cnB Kmb-{Xn-bpsS D]-m-\w tl Kmb{Xo! \o (ss{XIv CXns D]-tZiw \Ip-p-thm, CXv Ah-cp-sStem-Iy-cq-]-amb {]Y-a-]m-Z
- m) GI-]-Znbpw (aqp thZsbmw {]mWs\ cn-p-p.
cq-]-amb ZznXob ]mZ-n) Zzn]m-Zbpw ({]m-W, A]m27. D] Xm HmwsslXmtatI kmhn-{Xo-a-\p-p-`a
\, hym\ Cu aqp ]mX--fm) {Xn]-Znbpw (Xr-Xo-b\zmlphm-K-\ p-p-t_-X Zv hmN-a-\ p-{_qa CXn ]m- Z-m NXp-jv]-Znbpw (C- h-bvsmw hncp--ambn \ncp\ XYm IpbmZv Kmb- { Xo- t ah kmhn- { Xo- a ]m-[nI kzcq-]m \o) A]-Zbpw BIpp; Fp-sIm\p{_qbmZv bZn l hm At]yhm hnZv hlznh
s-m \o Adn-b-s-Sp- n-. AXn-\m hyh-lm-c{]XnKr-lvWmXn \ sslh XZv Kmb{Xym GIw
ns Ahn-jb
- -`q-Xhpw AXp-t]mse kakvX temI-N\ ]Zw {]Xn.
fn\npw D]-cn-bmbn hncm-Pn-p \ns Zi-\o-ba- amb
v -cn-p-p. Cu ]m]-cq-]n-bmb i{Xp
Nne imJ-It- fm-Sp-Iqbn Cu A\p-jvSpv O-tkm-Sp- Xpco-b-]-Zs \a-k
Iq- Snb kmhn-{Xnsb D]-tZ-in-p-p. (Km-b{Xo O-kn- ep (hn-Lv\m-N-c-W-cq-]-am-b) Cu Imcy-n k^-eX {]m]nkmhn-{Xnsb D]-tZ-in-msX A\p-p-]vO--kn-ep kmhn- m- Xn- cn- - s. C{]-Im-cw Ch (hn-Zzm) bmsXm-s\ hntZz{Xnsb D]-tZ-in-p-p.) hmv A\p-jvSp-m-Ip-p. AXn- jn- p-pthm Ahs B{K-l- ]q- am-Im- Xn-cn- s
\m R hmns\ Xs D]-tZ-in-pp Fv Ah C{]-Imcw ]d-p-sImv D]-m\w sN-s. Bp]d-bp-p. Fm Ans\ sNphm ]mSn-. Kmb{Xo thn C{]-Imcw D]-m\w sN-s-Sp-pthm Ahs
O-n-ep kmhn-{Xnsb D]-tZ-in-s C{]-Im-cw Adn- A`n-em-j- ]q-am-Ip-n-. As-n Rm\o hkvXpbp--h A[nIw {]Xn-{K-ln-bm-Ip-sa-n Ah Kmb- hns\ {]m]npw F B{K-l-tm-Sp-IqSn D]-m\w
{Xn- bpsS Hcp ]mZ-n\p Xpeyt]m-ep-am-Ip-hm km[n-p- sN-s.
n-.

28. D] k b CamHmw kv{Xwtm-Im ]qWm

{]XnKr-lvWo-bmXv tkm -f kym GXXv {]Yaw
]Z am]v\p-bmY bmh-Xobw {Xbo-hnZym bkvXmhXv {]Xn-Kr-lvW o-b mXv tkm -f kym GXZv
ZznXobw ]Z-a m-] v\ p- b m- ZY bmh- ZoZw {]mWn
bkvXmhXv {]Xn-Kr-lvWo-bmXv tkm f- kym GXXobw ]Z- a m- ] v \ p- b m- Z - Y mk ym GX- t Zh
Xpcobw ZiXw ]Zw ]tcm-cPm b Gj X]Xn
ss\h tI\N-\ m]yw IrX D GXm-hXv {]XnKrlvWobmXv.

30. D]x GX ssh X-\tIm sshtZtlm _pn

eam-iz-Xm-cm-izn-ap-hmN bp tlm XZv Kmb{Xo
hnZ-{aqYm IY-Hmw-l-kvXo-`qtXm hl-koXn apJ
Hmw lykymx k{am]v\ hnZmw-N -Im-tcXn tlm
hmN Xkymx An-tch apJw bZn l hm A]n
_ l zn- h m- m- h - ` ym- Z - [ X n k - t ah X X v
kwZltXy- h Hmw sslssh- h w- h nZv bZy]n
_ l znh] m] w Ipc ptX k - t ah X X v
kw]vk mb ip - f ]qtXm - f Ptcm - f arXx
kw`-h-X n.

hntZ-l-P-\-I _pUn-e-A-iz- X-cm- izn-tbmSp tNmZn-p. \o

Bcv Cu aqp ]q-tem-I--tebpw {]Xn-{K-ln-p- kzbw Kmb-{Xo-X-Xz-th-m-shp ]d-n-cp-p. ]ns(-{]pthm Ahs AXv ({]-Xn-{K-lw) Cu Kmb-{Xn-bpsS Cu Xn-{K-l-tZm-j-m) B\-bm-bnv `mcw-h-en-p--sX-p{]Ya ]Zs hym]vX-am-p-Ibpw F{X-am{Xw CXp {Xbo- sImv? AXn\v Ah adp- ]Sn ]dp. tl k{amt! Rm
hn- Zy-bm-bn-cn-p-pthm AXns\ Bcv {]Xn-{K- ln-p-pthm AXns apJw Adn-n- cp-n-. Atm P\-I ]dp:
AXv ({]-Xn-{K-lw) CXns Cu ZznXo-b-]m-Zs hym]vX-am- CXns apJw An-bm-Ip-p. Bfp-I An-bn IW-

347

I n-msX C\w CSp-I-bm-sW-nepw AXv Ah-sbmw

`kva-am-p-p. CXp-t]mse Cu Imcyw Adn-bp--h hfsc-b[
- nIw ]m]w sNp-Ib
- m-sW-n-epw, AXv Ah-sbsbmw `-W-amn ip-hpw, ]hn-{X-hpw, AP-c-hpw, Aachpw Bbn-o-cp-p.

]Xn-\mw {_mWw
31. D]x lnc--tb\ ]mt{XW kXy-kym-]n-lnXw
apJw, XXzw ]qj- -] m-h rWp kXy-[ mb
Zr tb, ]qj-t-Itj ba kqcy {]mPm-]Xy
hyql civa n, kaq-l -t XtPm bt cq]w
Ieym-W-Xaw Xt ]iym-an, tbm -f kmhku
]pcpjx tkm f- la-k van, hmbp-c-\n-e-a-a r-X-atYZw `kvam--Hmw-ico cw, Hmw {ItXm kvac
IrXHmw kvac IrtXm kvac IrX Hmw kvac,
At \b kp]Ym cmtb A kvam hnizm\n
tZh hbp-\ m\n hnZzm bptbm-[y-k va-q-l pcm-Wt- at\m `qanmw tX \a-Dnw hnt[-a.
kXy-kwPvRI-amb {_-ns apJw tPymXn-bamb ]m{X-m BOm-Zn-X- am-Ip-p. tl temI-c-- I-\mb
kqcy-tZhm! \o AXn-s\, Rm\m-Ip kXy-[-n-\pthn AXns\ Zin-p-hm ]ngp-Xp-am-q. tl ]qj!
tl Gtjm! tl bam tl kqcym! tl {]Pm-]Xn! AbpsS Inc-W-sf amp-Ib
- pw, tXP-ns\ HXp-p-Ibpw
sN-W-ta, A-bpsS bmsXmcp cq]w AXyw Ieym-Wa- b -a m-b n-c n- p- pthm AXns\ Rm Zin- pp.
GsXmcp BZn- Xy-a--e- - ]p-cp-j-\m- bn-cnp-p- thm,
Rm\m-Ip AhXs Aar-X-kz-cq-]-\m-Ip-p. Rm\mIp Aar-Xhpw AXp-t]mse kXy-kz-cq-]-hp-amb Bmhns ico-c-]mXw Dm-Ip--Xn-\p-ta Cu ico-c-ns
Dnep {]mW-hmbp Cu _mly-hm-bp-hns\ {]m]n-tW. AXp-t]mse Cu icocw `kvam-ht- i-j-ambn `qansb
{]m]n--tW. tl {]mW- cq- ]\pw at\m- a-b-{I-Xp- cq- ]\pw Bb
An-tZhm! bmsXmp kvacWm tbmKy-am-Ip-pthm
AXns\ kvacn--tW. Rm Fp sNbvXpthm AXns\
kvacn--tW. sNbvXn-p--hsb kvacn--tW. tl Ao!
I-^-e-{]m-]X
v n-mbn \o Rsf ip`-am-nqSn
AXm-bXv tZh-bm-\-am-nqSn sImp-t]m-Iq. tl
tZhm Fm Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw Fm m\-tbpw Adnbp- -h -\m-Ip-p. R-fpsS IpSn-e -]m-]- sf Rfn\npw AI-n--f-bq. R Asb At\Iw
{]mhiyw \a-kI
v c
- n-p-p.

Bdma- ymbw
Hmw {_mWw
1.

D] Hmw tbm l ssh tPyjvTw N t{ijvTw N

thZ tPyjv T t{ijv T kzm\mw `hXn

{]mtWm ssh t{ijvT tPyjvT t{ijvT
tPyjvT kzm\mw `h-y]n N tbjmw _p`qjXnb Ghw thZ.

bmsXm-cp- tPyjvT- t\bpw t{ijvT-t\bpw Adn-bp-h -\ m-b n-cn- p- p-t hm, Ah kzPmXn P\--f n
tPyjvT\pw t{ijvT\pw BIp-p. {]mWXs tPyjvThpw, t{ijvT- hp-am-Ip-p. Bcv C{]-Imcw D]m-k\ \S-pp-thm, Ah Xs PmXn-I-fn-epw, ap P\--fnepw
tPyjvT\pw t{ijvT-\p-am-bn-o-cp-p.

2. D] tbm l ssh hknjvTmw thZ hknjvTx

kzm\mw `hXn hmKv ssh hknjvTm hknjvTx
kzm\mw `h-Xy]n N tbjmw _p`q-jXn b Ghw
thZ
bmsXm-cp- hkn-jvTmsb (hm-Wn) Adn-bp-pthm
Ah kzP-\--fn hkn-jv-T-\m- bn-o-cp-p. hmWn Xs
hkn-jvT -bm-Ip-p. Bcv C{]-Imcw D]m-kn-p-p-thm,
Ah kzP-\--fnepw CXv B{K-ln-p-s-n ap--hcnepw hkn- jT
v - \m-bn-o-cp-p.

3. D] tbm l ssh {]XnjvTmw thZ {]Xn-X njvTXnkta {]Xn-X n-jvTXn ZptK Npssh
{]XnjvTm Npjm ln kta N ZptK N {]XnXnjvT Xn {]Xn-X n-j -v T Xn kta {]Xn- X n- j v TXn
ZptK b Ghw thZ
bmsXm-cp- {]Xn-jvTsb Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah
kam\ tZi-Im-e--fnepw Zp-a-tZ-i--fnepw {]Xn-jvTn-X\m-bn-o-cp-p. {]XnjvT Npp Xs- bm-Ip-p. NpmXs kam-\hpw Zp- a-hp- amb tZi- Im-e-- fn {]XnjvT-bpm-Ip-p. Bcv C{]-Imcw D]m-k\ \S-p-p-thm,
Ah kam-\--fnepw Zp-a--fnepw {]Xn-jvTn-X-\mbn
`hn-p-p.

4. D] tbm l ssh kw]Zw thZ k Hmw

lmkvssa ]ZytX bw Imaw Ima-btX t{im{Xw
ssh kw]-tmt{X lota kth thZm A`nkw-]mx k Hmw lmkvssa ]ZytX bw Imaw
Ima-btX b Ghw thZ
bmsXm-cp- k-ns\ Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah
GXp t`mKs C-s- Sp-p-thm, AXp- Xs Ahs\ kaym-b- hn[w {]m]n- p- p. kv t{im{Xw Xs-bm-Ip-p.
t{im{X- - fnq- Sn-Xs Cu Fm thZ-epw Fm {]Imc-nepw \njv]--am-Ip-p. Bcv C{]-Imcw D]m-kn-p-pthm, Ah GXp t`mKs Cn-p-p-thm, AXv kzbw
Ahs\ kay-m-b-hn[w {]m]n-p-p.

5. D] tbm l hm Bb-X\w thZm-b-X\w kzm

\mw `h-X ym-b-X\w P\m\mw at\m hm BbX\ amb- X \ Hmw kzm\mw `h- X ym- b - X \w
P\m\mw b Ghw thZ.

348

bmsXm-cp- Bb-X-\s Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah

kzP-\--fpsS Bb-X-\- am-bn-o-cpp; AXp-t]mse ap-h-cp-tS-bpw, a\-kp-Xs Bb-X-\-am-Ip-p. Bcv C{]-Imcw
D]m-kn-p-pthm; Ah kzP-\--fp-tSbpw ap-h
- -cptSbpw Bb-X-\a
- mbn `hn-p-p.

6. D]x tbm l ssl {]PmXnw thZ {]Pm-btX l

{]Pbm ]ip`n tctXm ssh {]PmXnx {]Pm-btX
l {]Pbm ]ip-`ncy Ghw thZ
bmsXm-cp- {]Pm-]-Xnsb Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah
{]P-I-fm-epw, arK-fmepw A`n-hr-n-{]m-]n-p-p. tcXv
Xs {]Pm-]-Xn-bm-Ip-p. Bcv C{]-Imcw Adn-bp-pthm
Ah {]P-If
- mepw arK--fmepw {]PmX (A-`n-hr-n)-\mIp-p.

7. D]x tX tlta {]mWm Al Hmw t{ibtk

hnhZam\m {_ Pp--tmNpx tIm t\m
hknjvT CXn Xtm-hmN bkvan h DXv{Im
CZ- H mw - i - c ocw ]m] ntbm a\ytX k thm
hknjvT CXn.
Ah Cu {]mW Rm t{ijvT, Rm t{ijvT
Fp hmZn-p-sImv {_m- hns ASp- sNp Atl- tmSp ]dp: R-f n BcmWv hkn-j v T
{_mhp ]dp: \n-fn\npw BcpsS DXv{I-aWw
(i-co-c
- n\n-p th]m-Sv) Ign-bp--Xn-\p-ta Cu
icocw kzbw A[nIw ]m]n-bmbn IW-m-p-p-thm,
AhX-s-bmWv \n-fn hkn-jT
v .

8. D]x hmKvt[m-{- Ima km kwh-cw t{]mjym

KtXym-h mN IY-a-i-IX aZrtX PoXp-anXn tX
tlmNp-cy-Ym-Iem Ah-Ztm hmNm {]mWmx
{] mtW \ ] i y- - - pj m i r W z x
t{imt{XW hnZzmtkm a\km {]Pm-b-am\m tcXssk-ha Pohn-jvtaXn {]hn-thi l hmIv

Npv DXv{I-aWw sNbvXp. AXv Hcp hjw ]pdp

Ign-p-Iq-Snb tijw Xncn-p-hp tNmZn-p. \nv
Fs IqSmsX Fns\ Pohn-p-hm Ignp? Ah
]d- p F{]-I mcw Aa- - m Ip- I sImv
ImWmsX {]mW-\m {]mW-{Inb \S-nbpw hmWn-bm
kwkm-cnpw t{im{X--em {ihnpw a\- p-sImv
{Klnpw tcX-kp-sImv Dev]m-Z\w \S-nbpw Pohn-ppthm AtX-{]-Im-cw-Xs Rfpw Pohn-n-cp-p. CXptI Npv Dn {]th-in-p.

10. D]- -t{im-{XHmw tlm-{Ima XXv kwh- cw

t{]mjym-Ktbm hmN IY-a-i-IX aZrtX PohnXp
anXn tX tlmNp-c yYm _[ncm Air-W zx
t{imt{XW {]mWx {]mtW\ hZtm hmNm
]iy---pjm hnhm-Hmwtkm a\km {]Pmb
am\m tcX-ssk-h-a-Po-hn-j vtaXn {]hn-thi l
t{i{Xw.
t{im{Xw DXv{I-aWw sNbvXp. AXv Hcp hjw-sh-fnbn Ign tijw Xncn-p-hp tNmZn-p Fs-q-SmsX
\ns-s\ Pohn-n-cn-p-hm Ignp? Ah ]dp F{]-Imcw _[n-c sNhn-IsImv {ihn-msX
{]mW- \m {]mW-{Inb \S-nbpw hmWn- bm kwkm-cnp
t\{X--em Zinpw a\-p-sIm {Klnpw tcX-psImv {]tPm-ev]Z- \w \S-nbpw Pohn-n-cn-p-pthm
AtX{]-Imcw Xs Rfpw Pohn-n-cn-p-p. CXp-tIp
t{im{Xw Dn {]th-in-p.

11. D] at\m tlm-{Ima XXv kwh-cw t{]m

jymK-tXym-hmN IY-a-i-IX aZrtX Pohn-Xp-anXn
tX tlmNp-cyYm apKv[m Ahn-Zzm-Hmwtkm a\km
{]mWx {]mtW\ hZtm hmNm ]iypjm irWzx t{imt{XW {]Pm-b-am\m tcXssk-h-a-Po-hn-jvt]Xn {]hn-thi l a\x

BZyw hmIv DXv{I-aWw sNbvXp. AXv Hcp hjw-hsc

shfn-bn hkn-nv Xncn-p-hp ]dp: Fs IqSmsX
\nv Fs\ Pohn-n-cn- p-hm Ignp? CXp-tIv
Ah ]d-p: F{]-Imcw aqI-\mb ]pcp-j hmWn-bm
kwkm-cn-msX {]mW\m {]mW-{Inb \S-nbpw t\{X-fm Zinpw I--fm tIpw a\- p-sIm- -dnp
tcX-km krn-\-S-nbpw Pohn-p-pthm AXp-t]mse
Rfpw Pohn-p. Cu adp-]-Sn-tIv hmv ico-c-n-\p- n
{]th-i n-p.

a\v DXv{I-aWw sNbvXp. AXv Hcp kwh-cw shfnbn Ign-p-Iq-nb tijw aS-n-hp tNmZnp: Fsq-SmsX \ns-s\ Pohn-n-cn-p-hm km[np?
Ah ]d-p F{]-Imcw apKv[-\mb a\p-jy a\psImv bmsXmpw {Kln-msX {]mW-\m {]mW-{Inb
\S- n-b pw, hmWn-b m kwkm-c npw t\{X- -f m
Zinpw I--fm {ihnp tcX-m {]tPm-e]
v n
\Snbpw Pohn-p-pthm AXp-t]m-se-Xs Rfpw
Pohn-n-cp-p. CXp-tIp a\v ico-c-n {]th-in-p.

9. D]x Nptlm--{Ia XXv kwh-cw t{]m

jymK-tXym-hmN IY-a-i-IX aZrtX Pohn-Xp-anXn
tX tl mN - c y- Y mm A ]- i y- - - pj m
{]mWx {]mtW\ hZtm hmNm irWzx
t{imt{XW hnZzm-Hmwtkm a\km {]Pm-b-am\m
tcX sskh-a-Po-Jn-jvtaXn {]hn-thi l Npx

12. D] tctXm tlm-{Ima XXv kwh-cw t{]m

jymK-tXym-hmN IY-a-i-IX aZrtX Pohn-XpanXn
tX tlmNy-cyYm o_m A{]-Pm-b-am\mtcXkm
{]mWx {]mtW\x hZtm hmNm ]iy-pjm irWzx t{imt{XW hnZzmHmw tkm
a\-ssk-h-Po-hn-jvtaXn {]hn-thi ltcXx.

349

tcXv DXv{I-aWw sNbvXp. AXv Hcp kwh-cw shfnbn Ihn- p-Iq-n- b- tijw Xncn-p-hp tNmZn- p \nv
Fs-q-SmsX Fns\ Pohn-n-cn-p-hm km[np
Ah ]dp: F{]- Imcw \]pw-k-I- tcX-km {]tPmev]n \S-msX {]mW-\m {]mW\w sNbvXp hmWnbm kwkm-cnpw t\{X--fm Zinpw t{im{X--fm
{ihnpw a\-p-sImv {Klnpw Pohn-p-p-thm, AXpt]mse Xs Rfpw Pohn-n-cpp. CXp {ihn hocyw
ico-c-n- \p-n {]th-in-p.

13. D]x AY l {]mW DXv{I-an-jy bXm alm

kplbx sskhx ]Uzo- i - i - q kwhr
tltZhw sslth-am {]mWm kwh-hl tX
tlmNpam `Kh DXv{I-ao\ ssh iy-akvXz
ZrtX Pohn-Xp-anXn Xtkym ta _enw Icp-tXXn
XtY- Xn.
]noSv {]mW DXv {I-aWw sNm Bcw-` n-p.
Fns\ knp-tZ-is alm-\mb Aizw -Im-ep-sI-m\p Ipn ]ngp-Xp-am-p-tm AXp-t]mse AXv Fm
{]mW-t\bpw m\-{`--\m-m XpS-n. Ah ]dp:
`K-h, Av DXv{I-aWw sNm-Xn-cn--W-sa. A-sbq-SmsX Rp Pohn-n-cn-p-hm km[y- a-. {]mW
]dp: sImmw Fn F\np _en-k-an-p-hn.
ap C{n-b- ]dp: hfsc ktm-jw.

14. D]x km l hmKp-hmN bZv hm Alw hknjvTm

kvan Xzw XZz-knjvtTm -f koXn bZv hm Alw
{]Xn- j v T mkv a n Xzw XXv { ]-X njv t Tm - f koXn
NpcyZv hm Al Hmw kw]-Zkvan Xzw XXv
kw]ZkoXn t{im{Xw bZv hm Al-am- b -X -\ akvanXzw XZm-b-X-\-a-koXn at\m bZv hm Alw
{] Pm- X n- c k van X zw X X v{] - P m- X n- c - k oX n
tcXkvXtkym ta Inaw Inw hmk Xn bZnZw
Inm- i z`y B Iran`y B IoS- ] - X - M v t K`ykvXt f- amt]m hmk CXn \ l hm
Akym\w PKv[ w `hXn \m\w {]Xn-KrloXw b Fh-ta-X-Z-\k
- ymWw thZ XZznZzmw kx
t{im{Xnbm Ain-j y BNm-a-y-i n-X zm-N m-at-bX tah XZ-\-a-\w Iphtm a\y-t.
B hmKn-{n-b- ]d-p. Rm bmsXmcp hkn-jT
v Kp- W-tm- Sp-Iq- Sn-b-h-\m-Ip-pthm B KpW-m \n
bp-cm-Ipw. F\np bmsXmcp {]Xn-jT
v -X-bptm AXv
\npw Dm-Ipw. C{]-Imcw t\{Xw ]dp. F\nv
bmsXmcp k-ptm B k- m bp- cmIpw C{]Imcw t{im{Xw ]d-p. F\nv bmsXmcp Bb-X-\- aptm
AXp-t]mse \npw Bb-X-\-ap-m-Ipw. C{]-Imcw
a\p ]dp. Rm bmsXmcp {]Pm-]-Xn-bm-Ip-p-thm,
\nfpw B {]Pm-] -Xn-b m bp-c m-Ipw. C{]-Imcw
tcXp ]d-p. {]mW ]d-p. Fm Cu KpW-fp Fs Ahpw hkv{Xhpw FmWv? hmKm-Zn-I

]d-p. ]n-I, Iran-I, IoS-]-Xw-K- XpSn Fsm-ap-tm, Ah-sbmw \ns A-hpw, Pe-hpw, hkv{Xhp-am- Ip-p. bmsXm-cp- C{]-Imcw {]mWs As
Adn-bp-pthm Ah\v CXp-hgn A`-y-`-Ww D-ImXn-cn-p-Ibpw A`-y-s {]Xn-{Klw Dm-Im-Xn-cn-pIbpw sNp- p. C{]-Imcw Adn-bp t{im{Xo-b t`mP\w
Ign-p--Xn\p AXn-\p-ti-jhpw BN-a\w \S-p-p.
CXns\ Ah {]mWs\ A\--\m-p--Xmbn Icp-Xpp.

cmw {_mWw
15. D]--tiz-X-tI-X pl hm Bcp-tW[x ]mem
\mw ]cn-jZ amP-Kma k BP-Kma ssPhenw
{]hm-lWw ]cn-Nm-c-b-amW Xap-Zo-y-m`yp-hmZ
Ipamcm CXn k t`m CXn {]Xnip{im- h m\pintm \]kn ]nt{X-tXym-anXn tlmhmN.
Bc-Wn-Is ]p{X- \mb tizX-tIXp ]mm-es k`bn hn-cpp FXv {]kn--am-Wv. Abm Poh-es
]p{X-\mb {]hm-lW
- s ASp- sNp. Atm
Abm tkh-I
- m-cm ]cn-N-cn-- s-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-p.
Abmsf Ip-sImv {]hm-l- W ]dp- ""Hm- Ip- amcm''
Abm ]d-p ""Mm'' {]hm-l- W tNmZnp:- ""\ns ]nXmhv \ns hnZy A`y-kn-n-n-ptm?'' Atm tizXtIXp Dv Fp adp-]Sn \In.

16. D] th btYamx {]Pmx {]btXym hn{]Xn]Zy CXn t\Xn tlmhmN thtm btYaw
temIw ]p\-c m-] -Zym CXn t\Xn sslthm
hmN thtm bYmku temI Ghw _lp`nx
]p\x ]p\x {]b-Zv`n\ kw]p-cymXm CXn t\Xn
sslthm hmN thtm bXn-Yym-am-lpXym Hmw
lpXm- b m- a m]x ]pcp- j - h mtNm `qXzm kap mbhZ o C Xn t\ X n s s l thm hmN
thtm tZh-bm-\ky hm ]Yx {]Xn-]Zw ]nXrbm-Wkyhm bXv IrXzm tZh-bm\ hm ]m\w
{] X n] Zyt ] nX r - b mW w hm] n l n \
EtjhNx irtX tZz krXo Air-Whw ]nXrWm-alw tZhm\mapX aXym\mw Xm`ym-anZw
hniz-ta-P Xv ktaXn bZ- cm ]nXcw amXcw
tNXn \ml-aX GI-\ thtZXn tlmhmN.
ac-Wm-\
- cw Cu {]PI hn`n--am--fnqSn
t]mIp-p ""AsX-p-sIm-sv \n\--dn-bmtam?'' tizXtIXp ]d-p ""C.'' cmPm-h-v ""-A-h hopw temI-ntep hcp- p. AsX-ns\sbv \n\- -dn-bmtam?'' ""C''
tizX-tIXp Dcw \In. cmPm-hv-- ""C-{]-Imcw ]px ]p\x
At\-I acnpsNnpw B temIw \nd-bm-Xn-cn-p--sXpsImv? AXv \n\-- dn-bm-tam?'' ""C'' Abm ]d- p.
cmPm-hv ""F{X F{Xtbm {]mhiyw BlqXn lh\w
sNbvXnpw Bhv (P-ew) ]pcp-j-i-_vZ-hm-Ny-am-bp-bv

350

I kwkm-cn-p-hm XpS-pp Fv \n-dn-bm-tam?'' ""C''

tizX-tIXp adp-]Sn ]d-p. ""\o tZh-bm-\-am-n-tep I-cq-]--amb km[\ AYhm ]nXr-bm-\-ns
I-cq- ]-amb km[\ Adn-bp-p-tm?, AX-\p-jvSnv BfpI tZh-bm-\-ams {]m]n-p-p, AYhm ]nXr-bm\s {]m]n-p-p. \mam-Is Cu a{- hN
- \w tIn-cn-pp--Rm ]nXr--fp-tSbpw tZh-I-fp-tSbpw C{]-Im-c-ap
cp am--sf- n tIn-cn-pp; Ch cpw a\p-jy-cpambn _-s-n-p am---Zyp-tem-Iw-- ]r-Yzn-- F
amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS CS-m-Iptm?'' CXn\v tizX-tI-Xp- ""Rm CXn-sem-p-t]mepw Adn-bp-n'' Fp adp-]Sn
\In.

Abm ]d-p ""Xm F\np hcw \Im-sap

{]Xn sNbvXn-cn-p-p. AX-\p-k-cn-v, Xm Ipam-ct\mSv tNmZn-n-cp tNmZy- F\np ]d-mepw.''

20. D] k tlmhmN ssZthjp ssh KuXa XZv

htcjp am\p-jmWmw {_qlo-Xn.
Abm ]d-p ""KuXa! B hc-am-Is ssZh-hc
- fns--Xm-Wv. Av a\p-jy-kw- _- n- bmb GsX-nepw
hcw tNmZn-q.''

17. D] AssY\ hk- t Xym- ] - a - { - b m- t{I -f

\mZrXy hkXnw Ipamcx {]Zp-{Zmh k BPKma ]nXc X Hmw tlmhm-tNXn ]mh Ine
t\m Zhm ]pcm-\ p-i n- m-\ -thmN CXn IY
Hmwkp-ta[ CXn ] am {]iv\m cmPm-\y-_pc{]mo tX ms s\ - I m- N \ thtZX n
IpXta X CXoa CXn l {]Xo-Im-\yp-Zm-P-lm-c.

21. D] k tlmhmN hnm-btX lmkvXn lnc

Wy kym]mw tKm Aizm\mw Zmko\mw {]
hmcmWmw ]cn-Zm-\ky am t\m `hm _tlmc
\ky]cy--kym-`ym-h-Zmt\ym `qZnXn k ssh
KuXa XotY-t\- mkm CXyp-ss]-aylw `h
anXn hmNm l kvss]h ]qh D]-bn k
tlm]m-b-\-I otXym- hmk

]noSv cmPmhv tizX-tI-Xp-hn-t\mSv AhnsS Xma-kn-phm-\`- yn-p. Fm Ipam-c AXp hI-h-bvmsX

Ahn-sS-\np ]pd- s- p. Ah Xs ]nXm- hns ASp-
sNv C{]- Imcw ]d- p ""Av ]d- n-cp- p- htm Fs
Fm hnj-b-fpw kw_-n- p hnZy-I A`y-kn-np
Fv?'' ]nXmhp ]d-p ""tl \ _pn-i-n-bp--ht\!
Fp kw`- hnp?'' ]p{X ""Hcp {Xn- b FtmSv Ap
tNmZy- tNmZn-n-cn-p-p, Ah-bn Hp-t]mepw F\n-dn-bm h.'' ]nXm-hv- ""-Ah Fs-m-am-bn-cpp?''
]p{X ""Ah CXmWv'' Fp ]dv aptNm- Zy- Adnbn- p.

KuX-a ]dp: ""Ah-sbmw F\n-p-sv Adn-bp-p-tm? F\nv kzw, tKm, Aiz-,

Zmkn-I, ]cn-hm-c-, ]cn-[m-\- Fmw Dv. Ap
al-pw, A\--hpw, \nko-ahpw Bb [\-Zm-Xm-hm-bn-cpnpw Fs Imcy-n AZm-Xm-hm-I-cp-tX.'' cmPm-hv
""Fn KuXam! \n imkvt{Xm--amb hn[n-{]-Imcw
AXns\ {]m]n-p-hm Xm-dm-bn-sm-q.'' KuX-a- ""icn, Rm A-bp-sS injyXzw kzoI-cn-p-p.'' ]v
{_m-W hmmXs {Xn-bm-Zn-Isf kzoI-cn-n-cpp. C{]-Imcw AwKo-I-cn-p-sImp ]d am{X-bn
KuX-a AhnsS hkn-p-hm XpSn; (tk-hm-Zn-I-tfm-SpIq-Sn-bm-bn-cp-n-.)

18. D] k tlmhmN XYm \kvXzw XmX Pm\oYm

bYm bZlw In thZ kh-alw Xp-`ya
thmNw t{]ln Xp X{X {]XoXy {_-Ncy hXv
kymh CXn `hm-t\\ KO-XznXn k BP Kma
KuXtam b{X {]hm-l-Wky ssPh-te-cmk X
kvam Bk-\-am-lr-tXym-Z-I-am-lm-cbm Im-cmY
lmkvam ALy NImc XHmw tlmhmN hcw
`K htX KuX-amb ZZva CXn.
B ]nXmhp ]dp: ""tl XmX? Rm ]d-bp-Xp \o
{in-q, F\n--dn-bm-am-bn-cp--sXmw \n\p ]d-pX-n-cp-p. C\n \app cp-t]pw-IqSn Ahn-sS-t]mImw, {_-Ncyw ]menv AhnsS hkn-mw.'' ]p{X ]dp-- ""A-v Xs s]mbvsmq.'' Atm B KuXa {]hm-l-Ws Bm-\-s-n. Abmp-thn
cmPmhv Bk-\w- sImphcp-hnv BLym-Zm-\w-sImv
]qPn-p. ]noSv ]d-p ""Rm ]qPy-\mb KuX- a\p hcw
\Ip-p.''

19. D] k tlmhmN {]Xn-mtXm a Gjhtcm

bmw Xp Ipam-c-kymt hmN-a-`m-j-YmkvXmw ta
{_qloXn

22. D] k tlmhmN XYm \kvXzw KuXa hm]cm

[mkv X h N ]nXm- a lm btYbw hntZyXx
]qh\ Ikvan-Hmw- \ {_W Dhmk Xmw
Xzlw Xp`yw hyman tIm ln ssXzhw {_qh-alXn {]Xym-Jym-Xp-an-Xn.
cmPmhp ]d- p ""KuXam! F{]- Imcw \n- fpsS ]nXma- l- m R-fpsS ]q- P-m- cpsS A]- cm-[- an-mXn-cp-p-thm, AXp-t]m-se-Xs \nfpw RfpsS sXpI an--cp-X.v CXn-\p-ap]v Cu hnZy Hcp {_m-Ws
ASp-epw Dm-bn-cp-n-. AXns\ \nmbn Rm\p]-tZ-in-p-p. sImmw, C{]-Imcw hn\-b-]qw kwkmcn- p \nv AXp \ntj-[n-p--Xn Bcv ka\mIpw?''

23. D] Aku ssh temtIm -f nKu-Xa Xkym

ZnXy Gh kan{Z iv a tbm [qtam - f lc
NnZntim -f Mv Kmcm Ahm--c -Zntim hnkv^ p-

351

enMv K m kv X kv a n- t - X - k v a n- u tlhmx
{imw PqlzXn Xkym BlqssXy tkmtam
cmPm kw`-h-Xn.

tl KuXam! kv{XoXs An-bm-Ip-p. Kp]vtX-{nbw

AXns C-\-am-Ip-p, tcmaw [qa-am-Ip-p, tbm\n Pzmebm-Ip-p, Dn-tebvp (ssa-Yp-\h
- ym-]m-cw) IS-p-Xv
Xo--bm- Ip-p, B\w kv^penw-K--fm- Ip-p. Cu Antl KuXam! Cu temIw (Zyp-tem-Iw) Xs An-bmbn tZh-KWw hocys tlman-p-p. Cu Blq-XnIp-p. BZn-XyXs AXns C-\-am-Ipp; Inc-W [qa-am-Ip-p, Znhkw Pzme-bm-Ip-p, Znp-I Xo- bn\npw ]pcp-j D-hn-p-p. Ah Pohn-p-p,
-I- fm-Ip-p, Ahm--c-Zn-p-I kv^penw-K--fm-Ip-p. B {]hn- p-hm Ign-bp--Xp-hsc Pohn-p-Ibpw ]ns
An-bn tZh-KWw `nsb lh\w sNpp; Cu acn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
Blp-Xn-bm tkmaw cmPm-hm-Ip-p.
28. D] AssY- \ - a - tb lcn Xkym- ntc

24. D] ]Pt\ym hm AnKu-Xa Xky kwh

c Gh kuan-Z-{`mWn [qtam hnZyp-ZNn-ci
\nc- M vK m- c m- { ]m- Z p- \ tbm hnkv ^ p- e n-M v K mkv X
kvantX kvanu tZhm tkmaHmw cmPm\w
PqlzXn Xkym BlpssXy hrnx kw`-hXn.
tl KXam! taLw-Xs AnbmIp-p. kwh-cw
AXns hnd-Im-Ip-p. taLw [qa-am-Ip-p, hnZypXv Pzmebm-I p- p. Ai\n (C-{s h{Pw) Xo--bm-I p- p;
taLK\w kv^penw-K--fm-Ip-p. B An-bn tZhKWw tkma-cm-Ps\ lh\w sNp-p. Cu Blq-Xn-bn
\npw hrn-bp-m-Ip-p.

25. D] Abw ssh temtIm -f nKu-Xa Xky

]rYzn-thyh kan-Z-n[qtam cm{Xn-cNn{am
AMvKmc \- { X mWn hnkv^p- e n- M v K kv X
kva nt- X - k va n- Ku tZhm hrnw PqlzXn
Xkym BlqXym AHmw kw`-h-Xn.

hmn`- h Xn kanXv kanZv [qtam [qtam

NncNn- c - M v K mcm AMv K mcm hnkv ^ penwKm
hnkv^p-en-MvKm-kvXk
- van-t-X-kvanu tZhmx
]pcpjw PqlzXn Xkym BlqssXy ]pcptjm
`mkz-c-hWx kw`-h-Xn
Atm Ahs\ An-bpsS ASp--tebvp sImpt]m-Ip-p. Ahs AnXs An-bmbn ]cn-W-an-pp, C\w C-\-am-bn-o-cpp; [qaw [qa-am-bn-o-cpp, Pzme Pzme-bm-bn-o-cp-p, Xo Xo--bm-bn-o-cpp, kv^penw-K- kv^penw-K--fm-bn-o-cp-p. Cu
An-bn tZh-KWw ]pcp-js\ tlman-p-p. B BlqXn-bm ]pcp-j AXyw Zo]vXn-am-\m-bn-o-cp-p.

29. D] tXb Gh-ta-XZv hnZptcy Nman ActWy

{im Hmwk-Xy-ap-]m-ktX tX -f Nnc`n kw`h- yNntjm -f lc B]q-c y-am-W -] - am
] qc y- a m- W - ] - mZv bm j am- k m- \ pZvmZnXy GXn-am-tkt`ym tZh-temIw tZhtl KuXam! Cu temIw-Xs An-bm-Ipp; ]rYzn
tem- I mZmZnXy- a m- Z n- X ymZv sshZypXw Xm
AXns C\w-X-s-bm-Ip-p, An [qa- am-Ip-p, cm{Xn
sshZyp-Xm ]pcptjm am\k GXy {_-temPzme-bpw, N{ Xo--bp-am-Ip-p, \- kv^penwIm Ka-bXn tXtXjp {_-tem-tIjp ]cmx
K--fm-Ip-p. Cu An-bn tZh-X-I hrnsb tlman]cm-htXm hkntXjmw \ ]p\-cm-hrnx
p-p. Cu Blq-Xn-bn\npw A- ap-m-Ip-p.

bmsXm-cp- (Kr-l-) C{]-Imcw CXn(]-m-nhn-Zv)s\ Adn-bp-pthm AXp-t]mse bmsXm-cp- (kym-kn) h\-n `n-bp--\mbn kXys ({_w
AXm-bXv lnc-Wy-K`w) D]m-kn-p-pthm Ah tPymXnns A[n- jT
v m\ tZh-X- Isf {]m]n-p-p, tPymXn- kns
A[n-jT
v m\ tZh-I-fn\npw Znh-k-ns A[n-jT
v m\
tl KuXam! ]pcp-jXs An-bm-Ip-p. Ahs tZh-X-bn\npw ip-]-m-[n-j-vTm\ tZh-X-tb-bpw, ipXpd-n-cn-p apJ-wXs C\am-Ip-p, {]mW [pa- ]-m-[n-jvTm\ tZh-X- bn\n-pw, D-cm-b-\- ns Bdpam-Ip-p, hmv Pzme-bm- Ip-p, t\{X- Xo--bm-Ip-p, am-k--fpsS A[n-jvTm\ tZh-X-I-sfbpw Ahn-sS-\npw
t{im{X- kv^penw-K-- fm-Ip-p. Cu An-bn tZh- tZh-tem-I-tbpw tZh-tem-I-p-\npw BZn-Xy-tem-II As tlman-p-p. Cu Alq-Xn-bn\npw tbpw BZn-Xy\n\npw hnZyp-w-_-n-If
- mb tZhhocyw Dm-Ip-p.
X-Isf {]m]n-p-p. B hnZypXv tZh-I-fpsS ASp- Hcp
27. D] tbmjm hm AnKu-Xa Xkym D] am\-k-]p- cp- j hv Chsc {_-tem- I-n-tep sImp- n A\--kw-h--cGh kan-tmam \n [qtam tbm\n-cNn-cy-Zx t]m-Ip-p. Ah B {_-tem-I
]c
yw
hkn
p
p.
Ahv
]p\Pw Dm-Ip-n-.
ItcmXn tX -f Mv Kmcm A`n-\ m hnkv^ pen

26. D] ]cptjm hm AnKuXa Xky hym

tah kanXv {]mtWm [qtam hmKNn- p
cMvKmcmx t{im{Xw hnkv^p-enw-KmkvX kvant
Xkvan-u tZhm Aw PqlzXn Xkym B
lqssXy tcXx kw`-hXn

MvK mkvX - k van- t-X -k van- u tZhm tctXm

PqlzXn Xkym BlqssXy ]pcpjx kw`-hXn
PohXn bmh-o-h-XyY bZm {anbtX

30. D] AY tb bt\ Zmt\\ X]km tem

IRvP-bn tX [qa-a-_n-kw-`-hn [qam-{Zm{Xn
Hmw cmt{X- c - ] - o- b - a m- W - ] - a ]o- b - a m-

352

W]mZv bm jam-k m Zn-W m-ZnXy

GXn amtky`yx ]nXr-temIw ]nXr-tem-I-{w
tX N{w {]m]ymw `hn Xm HmwkvX {X
tZhm bYm tkmaHmw cmPm-\-am-]ym-b-kzm-]-ob-tkztXy hta-\m-Hmw-kvX{X `-bn tXjmw
bZv XXv ]cyssh-Xy-tY-a-ta-hm-Im-i-a-` n-\ n-j v] Zy BImimZv hmbpw hmtbhrnw hrtx
]rYnhow tX ]rYnhow {]m]ymw `hn tX
]p\x ]pcp-jmKv \u lqbt XtXm tbmjm
u Pmbt temIm {]Xyp- m- b n-\ kv X
Gh- t a- h m\p ]cn- h Xt AY h GXu
]m\u \ hnZpkvtX IoSmx ]XMvKm bZnZw
Z-i qIw

kvX]-bp kzmlm, bm Xnco \n]-ZytX flw hn[-cWo CXn Xmw Xzm LrXky [mcbm
btP kHmw-cm-[-\o-al Hmw kzmlm.

Rm alXzw {]m]npw Fv bmsXm-cp- B{Kln-p-p-thm, Ah D-cm-b-\-n ip-]--ns

]pWy-Xn-Yn-I-fn ]Xn-aqp Znhkw D]-k-Zv{hXn (]-tbm{h-Xn)-bmbn Ac-bm XSn-bn-ep ]m{X-ntem Na-kntem ku-j-[-hpw, ]g-epw ap kma-{Kn- Ifpw tiJcnv (l-h\w \S-t m\-v)-Ip-i-hn-cn-pw, NmW-Ishw Xfnpw Ansb m]n-p-Ibpw ]ns Anp-Nppw Ipi-hn-cnv Krly-kq-t{Xm--hn-[n-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn
LrX-kw-kvImcw \Sn bmsXm-ns \maw ]pnw-K-ambn- cn-p- p-thm, B \- {X-n ans\ (X-\npw AnbmsXm-cp- bw, Zm\w, X]v XpS-n-bh hgn- pw) CS-bnshv lh\w sNp-p-""-bm-htm'' CXymZn
bmbn temI-se Iog-S-p-pthm Ah [qas ([q-a- {]Y-a-a-{--fpsS Aw-tl PmX-thZx! \ns hins A[n- j vT m- \ - t Z- h - X - s b) {]m]n- p- p. [qa- hn-I-fmbn F{X tZh-X-I h{I-a-Xn-I-fmbn ]pcp-js
- v {]Xn-_-w sNp-pthm Ahsc Dtn\npw cm{Xn-tbbpw cm{Xn-bn\npw A]-o-b-am- A`n-em-j
W-]
- -tbpw (Ir-jW
v -]-m-[n-jvTm-\-tZ-h-X) A]-o- in-p-sImv Cu BZy-`mKw Rm \nn lh\w sNpb-amW ]-n\npw kqcys Zn-Wm-b\ Ime- p. Ah Xr]vX-cmbn Fs Fm A`n-em-j--fmepw
- m--s--kzm-lm "bmXn-co' CXymZn ZznXo-b-a-{ns Bdp-am-k--fpsS A[n-jT
v m\ tZh-X-I- tfbpw Ahn- Xr]vX\
sS-\npw ]nXr-tem-Ipw ]nXr-tem-I-p-\npw N{- ns Aw--Rm Fm-n-tbpw arXyp-hns\ hln- m-Ipp. C{]-Imcw hnNm-cn-p-sImv bmsXmcp
t\bpw {]m]n-p-p. N{-\n Fn-bnv Ah A-am- p--h\
bn- o-cp-p. AhnsS EXzn- p-I tkma-c m-Pm-h ns\ IpSn-e-a-Xn-bmb tZhX \ns B{i-bnp Ign-bp-pthm
"A]ymb kz A]-o-bkz' C{]-Imcw ]d-p-sImv Na- km-km-[- \- I-tfbpw ]qo-I- cn- p B tZh- X-Ipn \ndv ]m\w sNp-- Xp- t]mse Chsc tZh- KWw `- thn Rm LrXs [mc-t]mse bP\w sNp-p
W- am-p-p. Ah-cpsS I- oWn-p-tm Ah kzmlm
Cu BIm-is {]m]n-p-p. BIm-i-p-\npw hmbp32. D]x tPyjvTmb kzmlm t{ijvTmb kzmtlXy
hn-t\-bpw hmbp-hn\npw hrn-tbbpw hrn-bnqSn
u lpXzm at k Hmw{k- h - a - h - \ - b Xn
]rYzn-tbbpw {]m]n-p-p. ]rYznsb {]m]n--Xn-\p-tijw
{]mWmb hmlm hnkn-j v Tmssb kzmtl- X yAh Am-am-bn-o-cp-p. ]ns Ah ]pcp-j-cq-]-amKv\ulpXzm at k Hmw{k-h-a-h-\-bXn hmtN
Ip An-bn lh\w sN-s-Sp-p. AXn\npw
kzmlm {]Xn-jvTmssb kzmtl-X yu lpXzm
Ah temI- n- \p-thn Dm\w sNp--h-cmbn kv{XocqatkHmw-{k-h -a-h -\ -b Xn Nptj kzmlm
]-am-Ip An-bn D-hn-p-p. C{]-Imcw Ah
kav]tZ kzmtl-Xyu lpXzm at k Hmw{khopw hopw ]cn-h\w {]m]n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
hah\ - b X n t{i m{X mb k zml m- b - X - \ mb
Cu cp am-fpw Adn-bm--h IoS-]-X- MvKmZn \nIrkzmtlXyu lpXzm at k Hmw{k-h-a-h-\-Po-hn-I-fmbn `hn-p-p.

aqmw {_mWw
31. D]x k bx Ima-tbX alXv {]m]v\p-bm-an-XypZ
Kb\ B]q-cy-am-W-]-ky ]pWymtl ZzmZim
lap- ] - k - Z v { hXo `qXzu- Z p- a v _ tc IHmwtk
Natk hm khu-j[w ^em-\ oXn kw`rXy
]cn-k-aqly ]cn-en-]ym-n-ap-]-k-am-[m\ ]cn-kvXocym-hrXm PyHmw kHmw-kvIrXy ]pHmwkm \t{XW a Hmwkw-\ob Pqtlm-Xn, bmhtm
tZh-kvXzYn PmX-th-Z-kvXnhtm [v\n ]pcpjk y Imam tXt`ym - f lw ` mK- t [bw
Pqtlman tX am Xr]vX mx ksshx Imssa-

bXn a\tk kzmlm {]PmssXy kzmtl-Xyu

lpXzmat k Hmw{k- h -a -h -\ - b Xn tcXtk
kzmtlXyu lpXzm at k Hmw {kh-a-h\- b-Xn.

""tPyjvTmb kzmlm t{ijvTm-b-kzmlm'' Cu a{- tmSp-IqSn An-bn lh\w sNbvXv krh-n _mn-hcp LrXs an-sem-gn-p- I-f- bp-p. ""{]mWm-b- kzm- lm,
hkn-jvTm-b-kzmlm'' Cu a{-tm-Sp-IqSn An-bn
lh\w sNbvXv krh-n _mn-hc
- p LrXs
an Hgn-p-If
- -bp-p. ""hm tNmkzmlm {]Xn-jT
v m-ssbkzmlm'' Cu a{-tm-Sp-IqSn An-bn lh\w sNbvXv
krh-n _mn-bm-Ip LrXw an-sem-gn-p-p.
""Np-tj-kzmlm kav]-tZ-kzmlm'' Cu a{-tm-Sp-IqSn

353

I An-bn lh-\w sNbvXv krh-n _mn-bm-hp

LrXw an-sem-gn-p-p. ""t{im{Xm-b-kzmlm Bb-X-\mb
kzmlm'' Cu a{-tm-Sp-IqSn An-bn lh\w sNbvXv
krh-n _mn-h-cp LrXw an-sem-gn-p-p. ""a\tk-kzmlm {]Pm- ssXy-kzmlm'' Cu a{-tm-Sp-IqSn Anbn lh\w sNbvXv krh-n _mn-bm-Ip LrXw
an-sem-gn-p-p. ""tcX-tk-kzmlm'' Cu a{-tm-SpIqSn
lh-\w-sNbvXv krh-n _mn-bm-Ip LrXw ansem-gn-p- p.

33. D] Atb kzmtl- X yu lpXzm at

kHmw {kh-a-h-\-bXn tkmamb kzmtl-Xyu
lpXzm at kHmw {kh-a-h-\-bXn `qx kzmtl
Xyu lqXzm at kHmw {kh-a -h - \ -b Xn
` qhx k zmtl - X y u l qX zm at k
Hmw{khah-\-bXn kzx kzmtl-Xyu lpXzm
atkHmw {kh- a - h - \ - b Xn `q `phx kzx
kzmtlXyu lpXzm at kHmw {kh-a-h-\bXn {_tW kzmtl-Xyu lpXzm at k
Hmw {kh-a-h -\ -b Xn {Xmb kzmtl-X yu
lqXzm at kHmw {kh- a-h -\ - b Xn `qXmb
kzmtl- X yu lqXzm at kHmw {khah\bXn `hn-jytc kzmtl-Xyu lpXzmat
kHmw {kh-a-h-\-bXn hnizmb kzmtlXyu
lpXzm at k Hmw {kh-a-h-\-bXn khmb
kzmtl-Xyu lpXzm at kHmw {kh-a-h-\bXn {]Pm-]-Xtb kmtlym-Xyu lqXzm at
kHmw {kh-a -h-\-b-X n.
""A-tb-kzmlm'' Cu a{-tm-Sp-IqSn An-bn
lh\w sNbvXv kw{k-hs ({k-h-n _mn-bp-mIp LrXw) an-sem-gn-p-p. ""tkmamb-kzmlm'' Cu
a{- tm-Sp-IqSn An-bn lh\w sNbvXv kw{k-hs
an-sem-gn-p-p. ""`q-kzmlm'' Cu a{- tm-Sp-IqSn Anbn lh\w sNbvXv kw{k-hs an-sem-gn-p-p.
""`qhx -kzmlm'' Cu a{- tm-Sp-IqSn An-bn lh\w
sNbvXv kw{k-hs an-sem-gn-p-p. ""kz-kzmlm'' Cu
a{- tm-Sp-IqSn An-bn lh\w sNbvXv kw{k-hs
an-sem-gn-p-p. ""`q`phx kzm -kzmlm'' Cu a{- tmSp-IqSn An-bn lh\w sNbvXv kw{k-hs an-semgn-p-p. ""{_tW kzmlm'' Cu a{- tm-Sp-IqSn Anbn lh\w sNbvXv kw{k-hs an-sem-gn-p-p.
""Xv{Xmb-k zmlm'' Cu a{-t m-Sp-I qSn An-bn
lh\w sNbv X v kw{k- h s an- s em- g n- p- p.
""`qXmbkzmlm'' Cu a{-tm-Sp-IqSn An-bn lh\w
sN bv X v kw{ k- h s a n- s e m- g n - p- p. ""`h njytXkzmlm'' Cu a{-tm-Sp-IqSn An-bn lh\w
sNbvXv kw{k-hs an-sem-gn-p-p. ""hnizmb-kzmlm''
Cu a{-tm-Sp-IqSn An-bn lh\w sNbvXv kw{khs an-sem-gn-p-p. ""khmb-kzmlm'' Cu a{-

tm-Sp- IqSn An- bn lh\w sNbvXv kw{k-hs ansem-gn-p-p.

34. D] AssY-\-a-`n-ar-iXn `qa-`kn Pze-Zkn ]qWakn {]kvX-_v[-a-tky-I-k-`h

- kn lnMvIrXakn
lnMv{Inb-am-W-a-kyp-ZvKo-Ya
- -kyp-ZvKob am\-akn
{imhn-X-akn {]Xym-{im-hn-Xa
- -kymt{Z kwZn-] vXakn hn`q-ckn {]`q-c-ky--akn tPymXnckn \n[\-akn kwhtKm -f koXn.
CXn-\p-tijw ""`qa-Zkn'' CXymZn a{--tfmSp IqSn
ans\ kv]in-p-p. (a--{Z-hy-ns A[n-jvTm\
tZhX {]mW-\m-Ip-p. AXn-\m {]mW-\nqSn GI-cq]-am-Ip-Xp ImcWw AXv km-- I-am-Ip-p.) ""`qa-Zkn''
CXymZn a{--fpsS Aw C{]-Im-c-am-Ip-p. \o ({]mW-cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSn icocw apgp-h) {`a-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\mIp-p. (An cq]tm-Sp-IqSn kh-{X) Nen-p--h-\mIp-p; ({_--cq-]
- m) ]q-\m-Ip-p. BIm-i-cq-]tm-Sp-IqSn ) AXyw kvX_v[-am-Ipp (F- m-n- t\mSpw
Ahn-tcm-[n-bm-b-Xp-Im-c-Ww) \o Cu PK-{Zq-]-amb GI k`b-vp kam-\-\m-Ip-p. \oXs (b--ns Bc-n
{]tZym-X hgn-bm-bn) lnMvIrX- am-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse \o
Xs lnMv {Inb-am-\-\p-am-I
- p, (b-m-cw-`-n DZvKmXm-Zzm-cm) \o Xs D-kz-c- tm- Sp-IqSn Km\w sN-s- Sp
DZvKo-Xhpw (b--ns a[y-n AXp-hg- n-bm-bn)
\oXs DZvKo-b-am-\\pw BIpp; \o Xs (A-[z-cyp-fm) {imhn-Xhpw (A- n- {[w-Zzm-cm) {]Xym-{im- hn- Xhpw BIpp. B{Z (ta-Lw)-n kay-mw-hn[w Zo]vXa
- m-Ip-p.
\o hn`q(-hn-hn-[-cq-]--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b)-hm-Ip-p. {]`phpw (ka) BIp-p. \o (t`m-m-hmb An-cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSn) tPymXn- m- I p- p. (Im- c - W - c q- ] - t m- S p- I q- S n)
Fmntbpw {]f-b - m-\ -a m-I p- p. AXp-t]mse
(Fmw kwl-cn-p--h-\m-bn-cn-p--Xn-\m) kwh-hpam-Ip-p.

35. D] AssY-\-ap-Zy-O-Xym-aHmw kyma-Hmwln tX

aln k ln cmtP-imt\m -f [n]Xnx kamHmw cm
tPimt\m f- [n]Xnw Itcm-XznXn
]noSv ""Bawkn Bawkn'' CXymZn a{--tfm-Sp-IqSn
CXns\ apI- f n- t e- p- b p- p.- Cu a{- ns
Aw ""Bawkn'' \o Fm Adn-bp-p. ""B aln- tX-aln''
Rm \ns aln-asb \-Xp-t]mse Adn-bp- p. B
{]mW cmPm-hpw, Cuim-\-\pw, A[n-]X
- n-bp-am-Ip-p.
Ah Fs cmPm-hpw, Cuim\-\pw, A[n-]-Xnbpw BtW.

36. D] AssY- \ -a m-N -aXn X-h n-X ph-t c-W yw

a[p hmXm EXm-btX a[p cn knhx,
am[zo\x ktzm-j [ox `qx kzmlm, `tKm
tZhky [oaln a[p \-ap-tXm-j tkm a[paXv ]mYnh Hmw cPx, a[p ZyuckvXp \x ]nXm,

354

`qhx kzmlm, [ntbm tbm \x {]tNm-Z-bm-Xv, a[pamtm h\-kv]-Xna-[p-amHmw AkvXp kqcyx,

am[zoI- Kmthm `hp \, kzx kzmtl- X n,
khm N kmhn-{Xo-a-\zml khm a[p-a-Xocltath-ZHmw kh `qbmkw `q`qhx kzx
kzmtlXyX BNay ]mWo {]mey PLt\-\mnw {]Ivincmx kwhn-iXn {]mX-cm-Zn-X yap-]-XnjvTtX Znim-ta-I-]p--co-I-a-kylw a\pjym-W mtaI]p- -c oIw `qbm-k-anXn btY-X taXy PLt\\mn-am-knt\m hHmwiw P]-Xn.
CXn-\p-tijw ""X-hn-Xph-tcWyw'' CXymZn a{-tfm-Sp-IqSn Cu ans\ `n-p-p ""X-hnXp'' CXymZn
a{--fpsS Aw X-hn-Xph-tcWyw kqcys
htc-Wy-hpw, t{ijvT-hp-amb ]Zs Rm [ym\n-p-p.
""hXm-a-[p-E-Xm-b-tX-''- hmbp a[p-c-amb a-K- Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn
{]h-ln-p-p. ""knhx a[p--c- n'' \Zn-I a[p- c-ckw
Hgp- n-s m- n-c np- p. ""\mHm-j [ox am[zo-xkp''
Rp- thn Huj-[n- I a[p-c-X-c-am- I- s. ""`qkzmlmx''
(C-{Xbpw A- -tfm-Sp-IqSn a{--tfm-Sp-IqSn ans
BZys Dcpf `n--s) ""tZh-ky-ZKx[oaln'' R
khn-Xm- tZ-hs tXP- ns\ [ym\n- p-p. ""\-apX Djkx
a[p''--cm-{Xnbpw ]Iepw kpJ-I-c-am-I-s. ""]mYn-h-cPx a[pa-Xv''--`q- an-epsS [qfn-IWw DtZz-K-ap-m- p--h-bm-Im-Xn- cns. ""Zyux ]nXm-\-a-[p-A-kvXp-''-]n-Xmb ZyptemIw \app
kpJ-I -c -a m-I -s . ""`qh-k zmlm'' (C-{Xbpw A- tfmSpIqSn a{p-tijw cm-as Dcp-fbpw `n-s) ""bx \x [nbm {]tNm-Z-bmXv'' khn-Xm-tZ-h \psS
_pnsb t{]cn-X-am-p-p. ""\mh-\-k]
v Xnx a[p-am'' \app-thn h\-kv]Xn (tkm-aw) a[p-c-c-k-a-b-am-I tW.
""kpcy a[p-am AkvXp-''-kq-cy \ap-p-thn am[p-cyhm-\m-ItW. Kmhx \ am[zo-`-h-p--In-cW
- - AYhm
Znp-I \app kpJ-Ic
- --fm-ItW. ""kzkzmlm'' (C{Xbpw A-- tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb a{-p-tijw aqmas Dcp-fbpw `n--s. CXn-\p-tijw kq-amb
kmhn{Xn (Km-b- {Xo-a- {w) ""a[p- hm- XmE-Xm-btX'' CXymZn kakvX-a-[p-a-Xo-a-{-fpw ""Al-ta-thZw kh-`q-bmkw'' (CsXmw Rm\m-bn-o-cpw) ""`q`qhmx kzmlm'' C{]-Imcw
]dp-sImv Ah-km\w apgp-h apw `n-nv Ic cpw ip-amn An-bpsS ]-a-`m-Kv ]qm`n-ap-J\mbn Ccn-p-p. {]`m-X-n ""Znim-ta-I]
- p--coI-a-ky-lw.... `qbmkw'' Cu a{w hgn-bmbn BZn-Xys\
\a-kI
v -cn- p-p. A\-cw t]mb am-nIqSn aS-nhv An-bpsS ]n-a -`m-K-n- cpv (C\n ]d-bp-)
hwis P]n-p-p.

37. D] XHmw- tl- X -a pZv Z meI Bcp- W nhm-P k

t\bmb bm-h-evIym-bm-t-hm-kn\ Dtzm
hmNm]n b G\-Hmw-ipjvtI mWu \njn
tm- tb-c - R v i mJmx {]tc- tlbpx ]emi
\oXn.

Dm- eI BcpWn Xs injy-\mb hmP- k- t\b bmh- eI

v y\v an-s\- n D]-tZ-in-p-sImp ]d-n-cp-p--""Bsc-nepw Cu av DW--a-c-n-sem-gn-p-Ib
- m-W-n
AXn\nv imJ-If
- pw, Ce-Ifpw ]pd-p-h-cpw.''

38. D] GXap sslh hmP-k-t\tbm bm-hev

tIym a[p-Imb ss]Mv Kym-bm-t-hm-k n\ DIv
tXzmhm-Nm]n b G\ HmwipjvtI mWu \n
j nt PvPmtb- c - R vi mJ mx {] tc m- t l bpx
]emim\o-X n.
hmP-k-t\b bm-h-eI
v y Xs injy-\mb a[p-Iss]-MK
v y\v Cu an-t\-n D]-tZiw \In-smp ]dp, ""Bsc-nepw CXns\ imJ-I apdn DW--a-c-nt Hgn-p-I-bm-W-n AXn imJ-I-fpw, Ce- Ifpw apfp-h-cpw.''

39. D] GXap sslh a[pIx ss]MvKy-qem b

`mK-hn-tb f- thm-kn\ Dtzm-hmNm]n b
G\-Hmw-ipjvtI mWu \njn-tm tbcRvimJmx {]tcm-tlbpx ]em-im-\o-Xn.
a[p-Is
- s]-MK
v y Xs injy-\mb Nqe-hn-nv Cu
an-s\-n D]-tZiw \In-smv ]d-n-cpp ""Bscnepw CXv imJ-I apdn DW--a-c-n-t Hgn-p-Ibm-sW-n AXn imJ-Ifpw Ce-Ifpw apf-p-hc
- pw.''

40. D] GXap sslh Nqtem `mK-hn-nPm-\I

b Bb-kvXq-Wm-b--hm-kn\ Dtzm-hmNm]n
b G\- Hmw-i pjvtI mWu \njn-tm
tbc-RvimJm {]tcm-tlbpx ]em-im-\oXn
Nqe-`m-K-hnn Xs injy-\mb Pm\In Bb- q-W\v
Cu an-s\-n D]-tZ-in-p-sImp ]d-n-cp-p. ""Bscnepw CXns\ imJ-I apdn DW--a-c-n-t Hgn-pI-bm-sW-n AXn\npw imJ-Ifpw Ce-Ifpw s]mnh-f -cpw.''

41. D] GXap sslh Pm\-Io-cmb qWx kXy

Imamb Pmhm- e m- b m- t - h m- k n\ D t zhmNm]nb G\-Hmw-ipjvtI mWu \njn-tPmtb cRvimJmx {]tcm-tlbpx ]em-im-\o-Xn.
Pm\In BbqW Xs injy-\mb Pmhm-et- \mSv
Cu an-t\-n D]-tZ-in-p-sImv ]d-n-cpp ""Bscnepw CXns\ imJ-I apdn DW--a-c-n-t Hgn-pI- b m-s W- n AXn\npw imJ- I - f pw, Ce- I fpw
s]mSnp hf-cpw.''

42. D] GXap sslh kXy-Imtam Pmhmtem ft hm- k n`y D tzm- h m- N m]n b G\ - H mw

ipjvtI mWu \njn-t-m-tb-c-RvimJmx
{] tcmtlbpx ]em-im-\oXn XtaXw \m]p-{Xmb
hm \t-hm-knt\ hm {_qbmXv

355

kXy-Im-a-Pm-_m-e Xs injy-mv Cu an-s\- 46. D] Xkym thZn-c q-]tm temam\n _ln

n D]tZiw \Insmv ]d-n-cp-p. ""Bsc-nepw
am- [ n- j - h tW k ant m a[ y- X k vX u
apjvIu k bmhm l ssh hmP-t]-tb\ bPCXns\ inJ-c- apdn DW--a-c-n-t Hgn-p-I-bmam\ ky temtIm `hXn Xmhm-Kky temtIm
sW-n AXn\npw imJ-Ifpw Ce-Ifpw Infn-p-h`hXnb Ghw hnZzm-\ - t [m- ] - l mkw Nc- X ymcpw.'' ]p{X-mtcm injy-mtcm Cm-- hv Cu an-s\kHmw kv{XoWmHmw kpIrXw hrvtX -f Y b
n D]-tZiw \Im-Xn-cn--s.

43. D] NXp-c u-Zp-av_ tcm `h-X yu-Zp-av_cx D[va

HuZp- a v_cym D]- a - \yu Zi {KmaymWn
[m\ym\n `hn {holn- b - h m- k v X n- e - a mjm
AWphnbMv K thm tKm[q- h m akq- c m
Jezm Jiv I - e m Xm ]njv T m Z[\n
a[p\n LrX D]-kn--Xym-Pyky Pqtlm-Xn.
Cu a Iw \mev An--Sn-I tNp-mpp. An--Sn-sIm-p {khw, An--Sn-sImp Na-,v An--Sn-sIm-p C[vaw, An--SnsIm-p cv ssXew Ch-bm-Ip-p. CXn [ym\w,
bhw, Fv, Dgp-v, ISp-Iv, Xn\, tKmX-v, ]b-dv, IXn-cp,
apXnc Cu ]p {KmaoW [m\y- D]-bp--am-p-p.
Ch s]mSnv ssXcv, a[p, LrXw Ch-bn Ipgv LrXtm-Sp-IqSn lh\w sNp-p.

\memw {_m-Ww.
44. D]x- Gjmw ssh `qXm\mw ]rYnho ckx
]rYnhym Bt]m - f ]mtam-j-[b Hmj-[ o\mw
]p jv]mWn ]pjv] mWmw ^em\n ^em\mw
]pcpjx ]pcp-jky tcXx
Cu `qX--fpsS ckw `qan-bm-Ipp; `qan-bpsS ckw
Pe-am-Ip-p, Pe-ns ckw Huj-[n-I-fm-Ipp; Huj[n-I-fpsS ckw ]pjv]-am-Ipp; ]pjv]--fpsS ckw ^e-fm-Ipp; ^e--fpsS ckw (A-[m-cw) ]pcp-j-\m-Ip-p,
]pcp-js ckw ip-am-Ip-p.

45. -D-] k l {]Pm-]-Xn-co-mw-Nt{I lmkvssa

{] Xnj vTm Ie v ] - b m- \ oX n k k v { X nbHmw
kkrtP XmHmw-k rzm[ D]mkvX XkvamXv
kv{Xnb-a[ D]m koX k GXw {]mw {KmhmW-am-\ Gh kap-Z-]m-c-b-t-ss\-\m-a-`y-krPX

Cta-h nZzm\t[m-] -l mkw Nc-X ymky kv{Xnbx

kpIrXw hrPvP tX.
kv{Xov D]-t{nb thZn-bp-v, Ahn-sS-bp tcma Ipi-p-p-I-fm-Ip-p. tbm\n-bpsS a[y-`mKw InPz-en-p An-bm-Ip-p. tbm\n-bpsS ]miz-`m-K-n
D cp ItTm-c- amw-k-J--sf apjvIw Fp ]d-bpp. B cp apjv-fpw "A[n-j-hWw' F t]cn
{]kn--amb N-ab tkma-^-e-I-fm-Ip-p. hmP-t]mb- bw \S-p--Xp- sImv bP-am-\\v F{X-am{Xw ]pWytemIw e`n-p-pthm AXp-t]m-se-Xs CXn\pw {]m]vXam-Ip-p. Bsc-nepw Adn-p-sImv ssaYp-\m-N-cWw
\S-p-p-thm, Ah Cu kv{XoI-fp-sS- ]p-Wys Ahcp--am-p-p. bmsXm-cp- CX-dn-bp-n--tbm, Ah
ssaYp\w \S-p-I-bm-sW-n kv{XoIXs Ahs
]pWys Ah-cp--am-p-p.

47. D] FX kva ssh hnZzm-\p-`m-eI BcpWn

cmssl-X kva ssh XZzn-Zzm-mtIm auZvKey
Bssl-X
- kva ssh XZzn-Zzm Ipam-c-lm-cnX
Bl _lthm acym {_-Wm-b\m \ncn{nbm
hnkp- I rtXm - f kv a mtm- I mXv {]bn b
CZahnZzm Hmw tkm -f t[m]-lmkw Nc-oXn
_lphm CZ-Hmw-k p-] vXky hm Pm{KtXm hm
tcXx kvI-Xn.
\n-b-ambpw Cu ssaYp-\-Iw hmP-t]-b-b--kam\w k--am-sWv Adn-hp--h-\mb Acp-W\
- --\-\pm-e-I ]d-bp-p. CXns\ B cq]-n Adn-bp hrZvKe- ]p- {X \mI\pw AXp-Xs ]d- bp- p. AXp-t]mse ta]d cq]-n Adn-bp--h-\mb Ipam-c-knw-l-ap-\nbpw
]d-bp-p. ac-W-[m--fmb \ma-am-{X-{ _m--W-cp- v.
Ch \nc-{n-bcpw kpIr-X-lo-\cpw ssaYp-\-hn-m-\n A]-cn-Nn-X-cp-am-bn-cp-npw ssaYp-\-I- n
Bk-n-]qw {]hn-p-p, Ch ]c-tem-I-{`--cmbn-o-cp-p. `mcy EXp-a-Xn-bm-Ip--Xn\p apt-Xs Cu
{]mtWm-]m-k-Is hocyw A[n-I-am-tbm, Aev]-amtbm Dd- ntem AYhm Pm{K- ntem hoWp-t]m-Ip-p. (F- n
Ah Xmsg-]-d-bp {]mb-nw A\p-jT
v n--Ww)

Cu hocys m]n-p--Xn-\p-thn Hcp tbmKyamb m\s Rm krnpw Fv kp{]-kn--\mb

{]Pm]Xn hnNm-cn-p. AXn-\m kv{XnbpsS krn \S-n.
48. D] XZ-`n-ar-ti-Z\p hm a{-tbX btZy tcXx
Ahsf krn-nv Atlw Ah-fpsS At[m-`m-Kv D]m]rYn-ho-a -k vIm- oZv btZm-] -[ o-c-] y-k-c ZvbZ]x
k\ \S-n. (ssa-Yp-\I
- - n-\p kwhn-[m-\w)-A-XnCZ-alw Xt{ZX BZtZ ]p\am-s saXzn{nbw
\m kv{XobpsS At[m-`m-Ks D]m-kn--s. {]Pm-]Xn
]p\xkv tXPx ]p\`-K x, ]p\- c - n[njybm
DXvIr--K-Xn-io-e- amb {]kvX-c-J--k-Zr-i-amb inivt\- {nbYm- m\w Iev] - m- an-X y- \ m-an-I m-MvKpjvTm
bs (kr-n-n-v) kv{XobpsS (tbm-\n-bp-sS) t\sc t{]cnZzmam- Z m- b m- - t cW kv X \u hm {`qhu hm
n-p. AXp-sIm-v Cu kv{Xobp-ambn kw \S-n.
\narPymXv.

356

B hocys Icw-sImp kv]inv A`n-a-{Ww

sN-Ww--kv]in-p ka-bv C{]-Imcw ]d-bW
- w-""Cv Fs hocyw kvJen-X-amb `qan-bn ]Xn-n-cn-pp;
AXv ]v Nne-tm A- nepw ]Xn-n-cpp; AXv Penepw ]Xn- n-cp- p. Cu hocys Rm kzoI-cn-p-p.''
C{]-Imcw ]dv A\m-an-Is
- Imtm AwKp-jT
v -sImtm
B hocys kzoI-cnv m\--fntem AYhm ]pcn-I-fpsS a[y-ntem tN-Ww. Cs\ tNp
kabw C{]-Imcw ]d-b-Ww. ""kvIen-X-amb Fs C{nbw
hopw Fn-tep Xncn-p-h-c-tW. F\np hopw
tXPpw ku`m-Ky-{]m-]vXnbpw Dm-It- W. An-Xs
bmsXm-ns m\-am-bn-cn-p-p-thm, B tZh-KWw
Fs ico-c
- n B hocys bYm-m-\v m]n-tW.''

49. D] AY bZyp-ZI Bm\w ]tiy--Z-`n-a{

tbX abn tXP C{nbw btim {Zhn-W-Hmw-kpIr
XanXn {iol hm Gjm kv{XoWmw b-temZzm
km]v X - k v a m- - t em- Z zm- k kw bi- k zo- \ o- a - ` n{Ithym ]a-{ -t bX
Ftm-sg-nepw A_-- n hocyw Pe-n kvJenp-ho-gp ka-bw, AhnsS Xs Ombsb t\mp-tm,
B Pes C{]-Imcw A`n-a-{Ww sNWw- ""tZh-KWw
Fn tXP-n-t\-bpw, C{n-bt- bpw b-n-t\-bpw,
[\-t-bpw, kXvI- tbpw m]n--sW.'' (A-Xn-\ptijw Ah-cpsS K`-n ]p{X P\n--W-tam, B
]Xv\nsb C{]-Imcw kvXpXn--Ww) ""Fs Cu ]Xv\n
temI-nse Fm kv{XoI-fn-epw-hv evao-kz-cq-]-bm-Ipp, Fp-sIm-s-m Ch-fpsS hkv{X- n cP-kz-ens Nnw kv]-ambn ImW-s-Sp-p.'' A\-cw cPkzbpw bi-kz-\n-bp-amb ]Xv\n(aqp cm{Xn-Ip-tijw
kv\m\w Ign-bp-tm)bpsS ASp-sNp ]d-b-Ww
(Cp \app cp-t]pw ]pt{Xm-n-p Iw
A\p- jT
v n-mw.)

50. D] km tNZkvssa \ ZZymXv Ima-ta-\m-a]

IoWn-bmXv km tNZkvssa ss\h ZZymXv Im
ata\mw bym hm ]mWn\m thm]-l -X ymXn
{Imta-Zn-{n-tbW tX bikm bi BZZ CXy
bim Gh `h-Xn.
`mcy `m-hns\ ssaYp\w \S-p-hm A\p-h-Zn-pn-s-n, ]Xn Ahsf Ahn--ap hkv{X- -fpw,
B`-c-W-fpw \In Ah-tfm-Sp t{]aw {]I-S-am--Ww.
CXp-sImpw Ah Ah\v ssaYp-\-n Ah-kcw
\Ip-n-s-n B ]Xn Ahsf Zn-p-sap `b-sSpn Ah-fp-ambn _emk-am-Kaw \S--Ww. AXpw
kw`- h y- a - s - n Rm \ns i ]nv Zp`K(hy)bmpw Fp ]dv Ah-fpsS ASp-sNv
""Rm Fs bi-kz-cq-]a
- mb C{n-b
- m \ns bins\ Xn-sb-Sp-pp'' Cu a{w D-cn--s. C{]-Imcw

im]w \In--gn-m Ah Ab-i-kz\n (h-ytbm

Zp`-K-tbm) Bhp-I-Xs sNp-p.

51. D] km tNZkvssa ZZym-Zn-{n-tbW tX bi

km bi BZ-[m-aoXn bi-kzn-\m-th] `hXnx
B ]Xv\n B ]Xnv ssaYp-\-n-\p Ah-kcw
\Ip-I-bm-sW-n Ahsf Bioh-Zn-p-sImv C{]Imcw ]d-bWw- ""Rm Fs btim-cq-]-amb C{nbw hgnbmbn \nn bi-n-s\-Xs m]n-p-p'', Atm
B Z-Xn-I bi-kzn-I-fm-bn-o-cp-p.

52. D] k bman-tXv Ima-tbX taXn X kymaY

\ nj vTmb aptJ \ apJ Hmw k w [ mtbm - f
] ak ym A` n- a r iy Pt]- Z - M v K - Z - P vKmXv
kw`hkn lrZ- b m- Z -[ n-P m-b - t k, k Xza- M vK Ijmtbm f- kn ZnKv[-hn-m-anh amZ-tb-am-aapw
abo- Xn.
B ]pcp- j Xs ]Xv\nsb kw_-nv Ah Xs
AXy-[n-I-ambn C-s-SWw Fm-{K-ln-p-s-n AhfpsS tbm\n- bn Xs P\-t\- {nbw IS-n-bnv Xs apJtmSv Ah-fpsS apJs tNv Ah-fpsS D]--`mKs kv]in- psImv C{]-Imcw a{w P]n- - Ww- ""tl
hocyta! \o Fs {]tXy-I-amb Ah-b-h-nIqSn {]Xy-am-Iq. hnti-jnpw lrZ-b-n\npw \mUn-I hgnbmbn \ns {]mZp`mhw Dm-Ip-p. \o Fs Ah-b-hns ck-am-Ip-p. hnjw-]p-c-nb Ap-sIm-p apdnth lcnWn aqOn-X-bm-bn-o-cp--Xp-t]mse \o Fs
Cu ]Xv\nsb F\n-p-thn D--bm-q. Chsf F\n-[o-\-bm-q.''

53. D] AY bman-t K` Z[n-tXXn X kymaY

\njvTmb aptJ\ apJHmw kw[m-bman {]mWym]m-\ym-Zn-{n-tbW tX tcXkm tcX BZZ CXytcXm Gh `hXn.
Xs `mcy-bpsS hnj-b-n Ah K`w [cn-m-Xncn-s Fm-{K-ln-p-p-s- n AhfpsS tbm\n-bn
Xs P\-t\-{n-bs IS-n-bnv Ah-fpsS apJ-tmSv
Xs apJhpw tNp A`n-{]m-W-\-Iw \S-n-bnv
A]m-\-\-{Inb \S--Ww. A\-cw C{]-Imcw ]d-bWw:
""C{n-b-cq-]-amb hocyw-h-gn-bmbn Rm \ns tcX-ns\
kzoI-cn-p-p.'' Ans\ sNbvXm Ah tctXm lo\bmbn `hn-p-p--K`n-Wn-bm-Ip-n-.

54. D] AY bman- t Zv Z[o- t XXn Xkym- a Y

\njvTmb aptJ\ apJHmw kw[m-bm-]m-\ym-`n{]m
WymZn-{n-tbW tX tcXkm tcX AZ-[ m-aoXn
K`n-tWyh `h-Xn.
]pcp-j Xs ]Xv\n K`-hX
- n-bm-IWw Fm-{K-lnp-tm Ah Ah- fpsS tbm\n- bn Xs P\- t\-{nbw
IS-n-bnv Ah-fpsS apJ-tmSp apJw tNv BZyw

357

I A]m-\-\-{Inb \S-n-bX- n-\p-tijw A`n-{]m-W\- -Iw

sNbvXnp ]d-bWw ""Rm C{n-bc
- q-]-am-Ip hocyw-h-gnbmbn \ns tcX-ns\ B[mcw sNp-p.'' C{]-Imcw
sNp--Xp-sImv Ah K`-h-Xn-bm-Ip-p. ]pcp-j
Xs inivt\-{nbw hgn kv{XobpsS tbm\n-bn bmsXmcp
hmbp-hns\ {]hn--am- ptm AXns\ A`n-{]m-W\ Iw
Fp ]d-bp-p. Ah kzw inivt\-{n-bs ]pdv
sImp-hv B hmbp-hns\ ]pd-tp If-bp--Xns\
A]m-\-\-Iw Fp ]d-bp-p.

55. D] AY bky Pmbmssb Pmcx kymw tNZv

Zznjym-Zm-a-amt{X -f nap-]-ka
- m-[mb {]Xn-tema
Hmw ic-_-ln-kvXoXzm Xkvan-tXmx ic-`rox
{] X o- t e mamx k hn- j m m Pql pbm a
kant -f lujox {]mWm-] m\u X BZtZ fkmhnXn aa kant - f lujox ]p{X- ] - i qHmwkvX BZtZ f- kmhnXn aa kant -f lujocnm kpIrtX - f X BZtZ - f kmhnXn aa
kant f- lujocm-im-]-cm-Imiu X BZtZ fkmhnXn k hm Gj \ncn-{ntbm hnkp-IrtXm
-f kvatm-ImXv ss{]Xn btah hnZv {_mWx
i]Xn Xkva mtZhwhnt{m- {Xn- b ky ZmtcW
t\m]-lm-kantZpX tlymhw-hnXv ]tcm `hXn.
GsXmcp Krl--hn-Zzms ]Xv\nv GsX-nepw Pmc]p-cp- j-\pam kw_--ap-tm, B ]Xn B Pmcs\ tZzj-`mh-tm-Sp-IqSn Zn-p-hm-\m-{K-ln-pp Fn Ah
]-bmb a]m-{X-n (]--`q-kw-kvIm-c-]q-Iw)
Ansb m]nv hn]- co-X- {I-a- tm-Sp- IqSn AXm-bXv ZnWm-{K-`m-h- tmtSm ]n- am- {K- `m- h-tmtSmIqSn thgm-pp
hncnv Ah-bpsS _mWm-Im-c-amb ap\-I s\n apn
Ah-bpsS A{K-`m-Ks hn]- coX Znp- I-fn- tebvphv B
An-bn \mem-lq-Xn-I \S--Ww-B Blq-Xn-I-fpsS
a{w C{]-Im-c-am-Ip-p ""aa-k-antf- lu jnx {]mWm-]m\uX BZtZ'' ""tl! bu- \m- Zn-I- fm {]Im- in- X- bmb Fs
]Xv\o-cq-]-amb Ip A-bn \o hocys BlqXn
sNbvXn-cn-pp; AXn-\m Rm \obm-Ip A]-cm-[bpsS {]mW-t\-bpw, A]m-\- t\bpw hen-s- Sp-p-p.'' \mep
a{- -fp-tSbpw Aw Hp-X-s. BZy-t-Xn i{Xphns {]mW-t\-bpw A]m-\-t\bpw cm-a-t-Xn ]p{Xm-scbpw arK--tf-bpw aqm-a-t-Xn b-tbpw
]pWy-tbpw \mem-a-t-Xn {]m-\-tbbpw {]Xnm-]qn-bpsS {]Xo--tbbpw A]-l-cn-p Imcyw
]d-bs
- -n-cn-p-p. (Cu a{w ]d-nv "^Sv' Fp
i_vZnv BZym-lpXn \Is (B-lq-Xn-bpsS Ah-km-\w)
""Aku aa i{Xpx'' C{]-Imcw ]dv i{Xp-hns t]cp-cn--Ww. ]g-b-Xp-t]mse ""aa-k-hntf - lujnx ]p{XmiqkvX- B-ZtZ'' Cu a{w Dcp-hnv cm- as BlqXn \IpIbpw Ah-km\w "Aku' Fp--cnv i{Xp-hns \maw
]d-bW
- w. CXp-t]mse Xs ""aa-k-ant f- lujn-cnm
kpIr-tXX BZtZ'' Cu a{w D-cn-p-sImv \mem-as

BlpXn \S-p-Ibpw Ah-km-\

- n "Aku' Fp-cnv i{Xp-hns \maw ]d- bp- Ibpw AXp-t]mse ""aa- k-ant
f- lujo-cm-im-]-cm-Imiu X AZtZ'' Cu a{w D-cn-psImv \mem-am-lpXn \Ip-Ibpw apt]mse "Aku'
Fp--cn tijw i{Xp-hns \maw ]d-b-Ww. C{]-Imcw
a-Is Adn-bp--h-\mb {]mW-Zin-bmb hnZzm
{_-W Bsc i]n-p-pthm Ah C{n-b-c- ln-X\pw
]pWy-lo-\-\p-ambn Cu temI- tmSp bm{X- ]-d-bp-p. AXn\m ]c-k{v Xo-K-a-\-ns `b--c-amb Cu ]cn-Wm-as
Adn-bp ]pcp-j bmsXmcp t{im{Xo- bs ]Xv\n-bp-ambn
kam-K-an-p kwKXn Xs Fv? ]cn-lm-ks Cnm-Xn-cn-- s. Fp-sIm-s- m ta-d B`n-Nm-cIs Adn-bp t{im{Xo- b Ahs i{Xp-hm-bn-ocp-p.

56. D] AY
IHmwtk
hrjtem
B]veqXy

bky Pmbm-amXhw hntXv Xylw

\ ]nt_- Z - l X- h mkm ss\\mw
\ hrj-e yp-] -l -\ ymXv {Xocm-{Xm
{holo-\-h-[ m-X -tbXv

bmsXm-cp-s ]Xv\nsb EXp-hm-Ip-pthm Ah

aqp Znhkw hsc Hmp- ]m-{X--fn `n-m-Xn-cn- p- Ibpw
\memw Znhkw kv\m\w \S-n-b- tijw Iodm-Xpw iphp-amb hkv{Xw [cn-p-Ibpw sN-Ww. Ahsf GsXnepw iq{Z-Pm-Xn-bns kv{Xotbm ]pcp-jt\m kv]inm-Xn-cn--Ww. cP-kz-e-bmb B \mcn aqp Znhkw
Ignv kv\m\w Ignphcp- tm Ahsf [m\yw s]mSnp tPmen-bn Gs-Sp--Ww.

57. D] k b CtXv ]pt{Xm ta iptm PmtbX

thZ- a - \ p- { _ p- h oX k h- a m- b p- c n- b m- Z nX n
ocuZ\w ]m]-bnXzm k]n-]va--a-iv\o-bm-Xmaoizcu P\-bn-Xssh.
Fs ]p{X iq-h-tm-Sp-Iq- Sn-b-h-\m-Issbv
bmsXm-cp- B{K-ln- p-pthm Ah Hcp thZw Ayb\w sNp-Ibpw \qdp hjw hsc Pohn-n-cp-mepw B
Imev B cv `mcym-`m--mcpw ]mepw Acn-bpwIqSn ]mI-s-Sp-nb ]mb-k -ap-m-pIbpw AXn
s\bvtNv `n-p-Ibpw sN-Ww. CXn-\m Ah
D]-cyp--amb tbmKy-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb ]p{Xs\ Dm-Zn-np-Xn ka-cm-Ip-p.

58. D] AY b CtX v ]pt{Xm ta I] nex

]nMv K tem PmtbX Zzu thZm- h - \ p- { _q-h oX
kh ambp-c n-b m- ZnXn Zt[ym-ZXw ]mN- b nXzm
k]njvam-a-iv\o-bm-Xm-ho-izcu P\-bn-Xssh.
bmsXm-cp- Xs ]p{X I]n-eh
- -tmtSm
]nMvK- e-h- tmtSm IqSn-b- h-\m-IWw Fv B{K- ln-ps-n Ah cp thZ- Ay-b\w sNp-Ibpw
]q- ambn \qdp kwh-cw hsc Pohn-n-cp-mepw Ah
ssXcn tNmdp ]mIw-sNbvXv AXn s\v tNv `n-

358

I -Ww. AtXm-Sp-IqSn A{]-Im-c-ap ]p{Xs\ P\n-n-p-Xn Ah ka-cm-bn-o-cp-p.

hnizmtkm f- \yman {]]qhy kw Pmbmw

]Xym ktlXn.

59. D] AY b CtXv ]pt{Xm ta iymtam tem

l nX mt m PmtbX {Xo thZ- \ - \ p- { _phoXkh-am-b p- c n-b m-Zn-X yp-Zu- Z\w ]mN- b nXzm
k]njva -iv\o-bm-Xm- ao-izcu P\-bn-Xssh.

AXn-\p-tijw \memw-Zn-hkw {]`m-nXs (kymZn Im-\p-jT

v m-\- \S- n-bn-v) ]Xv\n CSn-p-s]mSn Acn-sImv meo-]m-I-hn-[n-bm s\bvsImv
kwkvI-cn Nmcp-]mIw sNbvXp kwkvI-cnv meo-]mIm-W-n\npw Aev]m-ev]-ambn FSpv {][m\ BlqXs ]p{X iyma-h-\pw, Acp-W\
- -b-\\pw BIXn-I \I-Ww. Ah-bpsS a{- C{]-Im-c-am-Wv
W-sav bmsXm-cp--X B{K-ln- p-p-thm, Ah aqp""An-tb-kzm-lm, A\p-a-X-tb-kzmlm tZhmb khnt{X
th-Z- Ay-b\w sNp-I-bpw, ]qamb \qdp kwhkXy-{]-k-hmb kzmlm'' C{]-Imcw BlqXn \In-bnv
-c-mew Pohn-p-I-bm-sW-nepw Ah\pw Ahs
""kzn-IrXv'' tlmaw \Sn men- bn _mn-bp Nmcp`mcybpw Pe-n am{Xw Acn ]mIw sNbvXv tNmdmn
hns\ Hcp ]m{X-n-emn AXn s\pw tNv BZyw
AXn s\v tNv `n--Ww. AXp-sImv D-tbm]Xn AXp `n-p-p. A\-cw AXnse DOn-s
Ky-X- It- fm-Sp-IqSn ]p{X-msc Dev]m-Zn-n-p--Xn Ah
Xs ]Xv\np \Ip-p. XZ-\-cw Imepw ssIpw
ka-cm-bn-o-cpw.
IgpIn ip-amn Pe-]m{Xw \ndv B Pe-m Xs
60. D] AY N CtOZv ZplnXm ta ]mnXm Pm ]Xv\nsb aqp {]mhiyw A`n-tjIw sN-Ww. A`n-tjtbX kh-am-bp-cn-bm-ZnXn Xneu-Z\w ]m]-bnXzm I-a{w C{]-Im-c-am-Ip-p- ""-D-n-jvTm-tXm-hn-]m-htkm -f
k]n-jva--a-iv\o-bm-\m-ao-izcu P\-bnX ssh. \yman-{- ]-hqhym-kw-Pmbmw ]Xym-kl.''
Xs ]p{Xn hnZp-jn-bpw, ]qambn \qdp kwh--cwhsc Pohn-p--h-fp-am-IWw Fv bmsXm-cp- B{Kln-p-p- thm, Ah\pw Ahs `mcybpw Fpw, Acnbpw
Iqn Jncn ]mIw sNbvXv AXn s\pw tNp `n-Ww. AtXm-Sp-IqSn Ah D-tbm-Ky-X-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb
I\y-Ibvv Pw \Ip-hm ka-cm-bn-o-cp-p.

63. D] AssY-\ m-a-` n-] -ZytX -f taml-akvan km

Xz Hmw km Xza-k ytam -f lw kmam-l -akva n
EIv Xzw Zyuclw ]rYnho Xzw Xmthln
kHmwt`m hssl kl tctXm Z[m- h ssl
]pHmwtk ]p{Xm b hnX CXnx

XZ-\ - cw ]Xn Xs Cm-\ p-k -c Ww ]Xv\ nsb

]mbkw apX-emb t`mP-\
- Ign-nv ib-\-Im-e-n
""Atam -f lakv]n'' CXymZn a{- Dcp-hnpsImv
Ahsf Benw-K\w sNWw (B a{-ns Bi-bw
""tZho Rm {]mW-\m-Ipp \o hmm-Ip-p, \o hmmIp-p, Rm {]mW-\m-Ipp; Rm kma-am-Ip-p, \o EXam-Ip-p, Rm BIm-i-am-Ip-p, \o ]rYzn-bm-Ipp; AXnXs ]p{X {]Jym-X- ]-n-X-\pw, hnZzk-Z-p-I-fn \m hcq, Z-Xn-I-fmb \app ]c-kv]cw Benw-K\w
\n`bw {]th-in-p--h-\pw, {ih-W-a-[p-c- amb i_vZ-tm- sNmw, Hcp ka-bv tcX-kns\ [mcWw sNmw, Xqew
Sp-Iq- bn-h-\p- am-bn-cn-Ww Fv bmsXm-cp- B{K-ln- p- \apv ]pcp- j- Xz- m hnin- -\mb ]p{X-em`w Dm- I- s.'')
pthm Ah\v Fm thZ- fpw Ay-b\w sNbvXp- sImv 64. D] AYmkym Ducp ]nlm-]-bXn hnPnloYmw
]q-ambn \qdp kwh-cw hsc Pohn-n-cn-p-Ibpw
Zymhm- ] r- Y nho CXn Xkym- a Y \njv T mb
sNbvXv B ]pcp-j\pw Ahs ]Xv\nbpw Huj-[n-I-fpsS
aptJ\ apJ-Hmw-kw-[mb {Xntc-\m-a-\p-tem-am-a-\psImgppw Acnbpw IqSn ]mIw sNbvXv AXn s\pw
amnhn-jvWt- cym\nw Iev]-b-Xp-Xzm cq]mWn
tNv `n--Ww. AXp-sImv ta]-d tbmKy-X]nHmwi-X p, Bkn- Xp {]Pm-]-Xn-[mXm K`
I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb ]p{X-mv Pw \Ip--Xn Ah
Z[mXp tX, K` t[ln kn\o- h men K`
ka-cm-bn-o-cp-p.
t[ln]rYp-p-tI, K` tX Aizn\u tZhm-hm-

61. D] AY b CtXv ]pt{Xm ta ]ntXm

hnloXx kan-Xnw-Kax ip{iq-jnXw hmNw `mjnXm
PmtbX khm thZm-\-\p-{_p-hoX kh-ambp-cn-bm-ZnXn aHmw kuZ\w ]mN-bnXzm k]nj va- - a - i v\ o- b m- X m- a o- i zc u P\ - b n- X hm
HutW hmj-t`W hm.

62. D] AYm-`n-{]m-X-tch meo-]m-Im-hr-XmPyw

tNnXzm meo-]m-I-tkym-]-[mXw PqtlmXy
tb k zmlm- \ p- a - X tb k zml m tZhmb
khnt{X kXy-{]-k -h mb kzmtlXn lqtXzm
rXy {]miv\ mXn {]mtiy-X -c kymx {]b- Xn
{] me y ] mW o D Z- ] m{X w ] pc - b nX zm
tX s s \ \ mw {X nc - ` yp- - X yp- n- j vTmtX m

[mw ]pjvI c-{k-Pu.

AXn-\p-tijw ]Xv\n-bpsS XpS-Isf ]c-kv]cw AI-s. (B kabw Cu a{w Dcp-hn-S-Ww) ""hnPn-lo-Ymw-Zymhm- ]r-Ynho CXn'' (tl Ducp- kz-cq- ]-amb BIm-ita! `qantb
\n cpw AIpXcp-hn) CXn\p tijw ]Xv\n- bpsS
tbm\n-bn Xs P\-t\-{nbw IS-n-bnv Ah-fpsS apJtmSv apJw tNv A\p-tema {Ia-n Ah-fpsS

359

I icocw apgph aqp-hw Xtem-S-s. Xtem-Sp kabw

""hnjvWtbm\n Iev]-bXp'' CXymZn a{- Dcp-hn-S-s-A-Xns Bibw "{]ntb! kh hym]n-bmb `K-hm
hnjvWp \ns P\-t\-{n-bs ]pt{Xm-ev]-nbvv
ka-am- -s. `K-hm kqcy \ns AwK-hn- `m-K- sf
]phpw Zi-\o-b- hp-am--s. hncmSv ]pcp-j- \mb {]Pm- ]Xn
Ftm-Sp-IqSn A_n--cq-]-n nXn sNbvXv \nn
hocys B[m\w sN-s. `K-hm [mXmhv Ftm-SpIqSn A`n--`m-h
- n nX-\mbn \ns K`s [mcWhpw t]mj-Whpw sN-s. tZho, bmsXm-cpn ]cn]qW-ambn kvXpXn--s-Sp-p-thm, B kn\o-hmen(A-amhm-ky)\obm-Ip-p. \o Cu K`w [mcWw sNq, [mcWw
sNq. tZh-m- cmb Aizn-\n-Ip-am-c-m (kq-cy\pw N{-\pw)
X-fpsS Inc-W- cq-]-am-Ip Ia-e-am-e-[- cnv Ftm-Sp-IqSn
A`n--cq-]-n nX-cmbn \nn K`s B[m\w
sN-s.'

65. D]- - l n- c - bo AcWo b`ymw \na- Xm

ai zn\ u X w tX K ` l hm- a tl Zi ta
hmknkqX- tb, bYm- n-K `m ]rYnho bYm
Zyucnt{W K`n-Wo, hmbpZnimw XYm K`
Ghw K` Z[man tX -f kmhnXn.
{]mNo-\-Im-ev tPymXna-bn-bmb AcpWn Dm-bn-cpp, AXp-sImv Aizn-\n-Ip-am-c-m aY\w \S-n. B
aY-\-n\npw Aar-X-cq-]-amb K`w {]I-S-am-bn. AtX
Aar-X-cq-]-amb K`s \mw \ns Ipn-bn m]np-p. AXn-\m \o AXns\ ]mw-am-k-n {]k-hn-s, F{]-Imcw `qan-bpsS K`w An-bm-Ip-p-thm, F{]Imcw kzo-b-`qan C{-\m K`-h-Xn-bm-Ip-p-thm, F{]Imcw Znp-I-fpsS K`w hmbp-hm- Ip-p-thm, AtX-{]-Imcw
Rm \nn ]p{X-cq-]-amb K`s m]n-p-p.

66. D] tkmjy- o-a-Zv` n-c -` yp- -X n, bYm hmbp

]pjvI-c -WoHmw kan-MvK-bXn khXx, Ghm tX
K` GPXp klm-sshXp Pcm-bp-Wm, C{kymbw
{]Px IrXx kmKex k]-cn-{ibx, Xan{ \nPln
Kt`W kmh-cHmw ktl-Xn.
{]k-h-Im-e-n {]k-hn-p kv{Xobp-sS-ta ""bYmhmbpx....'' CXymZn a{w Dcp-h nv Pew Xfn-- s. a{mw--hmbp Ipf-nse Pes Fm `mK- p-\npw
N-e-am-p- -Xp-t]mse \ns K`w AXns m\-p\np Nen-p-Ibpw Pcm-bp-hn-t\m-Sp-IqSn shfn-bn hcnI-bpw sN-s. {]kvXpXn hmbp-hn-\p-thn Cu tbm\ocq-]-amb amw \nan--am-Ip-p. AXv K`-th-jT
v - \-tmSp-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-p-p. C{! ({]k-hh
- mbp!) B am-n
Fn K`-tmSpw amwk-t]-in-tbm-Sp-IqSn ]pd-tbvp
hm-epw.

67. D] PmtX f- nap-]-ka

- m-[m-bmMvI B[m-bI
Hmwtk ]rj- Z m- P yHmw kw\ob ]rj- Z m- P y-

tkym] LmXw Pqtlm- X y- k v a n kl{kw

]pjym- k -ta[ am\x tkz Krtl, Atkym- ] kymw am ssOoXv {]Pbm N ]ip-` n
k zmlm abn{] mW m Hmw kvX zbn a\k m
Pqtlman kzmlmbXv IWm Xyco-cnNw bZv
hm \yq\- a nlmIcw, An- j q- k v X zn- - I rZv
hnZzm kzn Hmw kplpXw ItcmXp \x
kzmtlXn.

]p{X P\n- p-I-gn-b p-tm ]nXmhv Ahs\ aSnbnshv Ansb {]Xn-jvTnv Hmp-]m-{X-n ssXcp
tN s\smgnv AXns Aev]m-ev]a
- mb Awiw
FSpv ""A-kvan kl{kw'' CXymZn a{--tfm-Sp-IqSn
An-bn BlqXn \I-s. B a{mw--"Fs Cu
`h-\-n ]p{X-cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSn hrnsb {]m]nv Rm
kl{kw a\p-jy-cpsS GI-am{X-amb t]mj-W-Im-hmbn-o-c-s. Fs Cu ]p-{Xs k-Xn-Iv {]P-I-tfmSpw, arK- -tfmSpw IqSn k-ns Ipdhv Hcn- epw DmIm-Xn-c n--s--kzm-lm. Rm\m-Ip ]nXm-hn bmsXmcp
{]mW Dtm, B {]mWs\ \obm-Ip ]p{X- \n ]pa-\-tm- Sp-IqSn Rm tlman- p-p--kzm-lm. Rm sNbvXncn-p {][m\ ItfmSp-IqSn bmsXmv A[n-I- ambn
sNbvXn-cn-p-p-thm, Bh-iy-amb I--fn bmsXmv
Ipdhv hcp-n-bn-cp-p-thm, R-fpsS B Is
m\n-bmb An-tZ-h ]cn-l-cn--s kzmlm.'

68. D] AYmky ZnWw IW-a-`n-\n-[mb hmKv

hmKnXn {XncY Z[n a[p LrX-Hmw-kw\obm\ln-tX\ PmX-c q-t]W {]mi-b-X n, `qkvtX
Z[man `phkvtX Z[man kzkvtX Z[man `q`qhx
kzx kh Xzbn Z[m-ao-Xn.
tlmam-\-cw ]nXmhv inip-hns he-p-sNhn Xs
apJ-tm-Sp-tNv "hmIv, hmIv, hmIv' C{]-Imcw aqp
{]mhiyw ]d-b-s. AXn-\p-tijw ssXcv, tX, s\v Ch
Hmn hnip--amb kz--bn-en tImcn-sb-Spv
_me-Is\ cpNn-n-s (B kabw Cu \mep a{- fpw
Dcp-hn-S-s) ""`qkvtX-Z-[m-an, `qh-kvtX-Z-[m-an, kzt-Z-[m-an,
`q`qhx kzx kh-Xzbo Z[man.''

69. D] AYmky \ma ItcmXn thtZm -f koXn

XZky XZ Kply-tah \ma `hXn.
AXn-\p-tijw _me\p \ma-Ic
- Ww sN-s. "\o thZam-Ip-p.' thZw Xs Cu _me-Is Kp]vX- \m-a-am-bn-oc-s.

70. D] AssY\w amt{X {]Zmb kvX\w {]b-OXn

bkv tX kvX \x iitbm tbm atbm-a qtcym
cXv\[m hkp-hnZyx kpZ{Xx tb\ hnizm -]pjyknhmcymWn kc-kzXn Xanl [mXth IcnXn.

360

AXn-\p-tijw Cu _me-Is\ amXm-hns aSn-bn ISn-bnv ""bkvtX-kX

v \x'' CXymZn a{- P]n-p-sIm-v
ape-bq--s. a{-ns Bi-bw-tl kc-kzXn! \ns
oc-ns `m-c-amb Cu kvX\w A-b-hpw, t]mjWm-[m-c-hp-am-Ipp; AXv cXv\--fpsS J\n-bpw, kqamb [\-cm-in- bpsS mXm-hpw, DZm-c-amb Zm\nbpw BIpp. AXp-t]mse bmsXm- p-h- gn-bmbn \o ka-kvX-h-c- Wob
]Zm--tfbpw t]mjn-n-p-p-thm, Cu k]p-{Xs
Poh-k-m- c-Wmw B kvX\s tZhn Fs `mcy-bpsS
ico-c-n {]Xn-jT
v nv B inip-hns hmbn sImSp-phm-\-\p-h-Zn-tW.

kz-kX
v o-]p-{X- \n\n-pw, Hu]-kz-kX
v o-]p-{X ]cm-i-co-]p{X-\n\n- pw, ]mcm-i-co-]p-{X ImXym-b-\o-]p-{X-\n\npw, ImXym-b\
- o-]p-{X Iuin-I-]p-{X-\n\n-pw, IuinI- ]p-{X Bew- _o- ]p-{X-\n \npw, sshbm-{L-]- Zo- ]p-{X
IWzo-]p-{X-\n\npw, IWzo-]p-{X Im]o-]p-{X-\n\npw, Im]o-]p-{X.

73. D] Bt{X-bo-]p-{Xm-Zm-t{X-bo-]pt{Xm KuX-ao]p

{XmZv KuX-ao-]pt{Xm `mc-Zzm-Po-]p-{XmZv `mc-ZzmPo
]p{Xx ]mcm- i - c o- ] p- { XmZv ]mcm- i - c o- ] pt{Xm
hmo ]p{XmZv hmo-]p{Xx ]mcm-i-co-]p-{XmZv
]mcm-i-co- ]pt{Xm hmIm-cp-Wo-]p-{XmXv hmIm71. D] AYmky amX- c - a -` n- a - {- b - tX, Cemkn
cp-Wo-]pt{Xm hmIm-cp-W o-] p-{ Xm-XzmIm-cp-W ossa{Xm-h -cpWo hotc hoc-a-Po-P-\-Xv, km Xzw
]p{Xx BX`m Ko]p- { Xm- Z mX- ` mKo ]p{Xx
hoc-hXo `h bmkvam hoc-htXm f- Ic-Zn-Xn,
iuwKo-] p-{Xm- u-MvKo]p {Xx kmwkvI r-X o-] pXw hm GX-am-l p-c -X n-] nXm hmXm-` q-c -X n-] n-X m{XmXv kmwkvIr-Xo-]p{Xw Beav _mb-\o-]p{Xm
atlm hmXm`qx ]camw _X ImjvTmw {]m]Zme-a v_ m-b - \ o-] p{X Beav_ o]p{Xm- Zm-e - av_ oOnbm bikm {_-hN-tk\ b Ghm-hntZm
]pt{Xm Pmb-o-]p-{Xm-m-bo]pt{Xm amq{_mWky ]pt{Xm PmbX CXn.
Im-b-\ o-]p-{Xm-- q-Imb\o]pt{Xm amq-Io]p-{Xm-m- p-I n-]p{Xximneo-]p-{Xm-Om- nAXn- \p-tijw _mes amXm-hns\ C{]-Imcw "Cemkn'
eo-] pt{Xm cmYo-X co]p{XmZv cmYo-X -c o-] pt{Xm
CXymZn a{- fm A`n-a-{n-X-bm--s. Cu a{- ns
`mep- I o- ] p- { XmZv `mepIo]p{Xx {Iu- I o-] pBi-bw-tl tZho! \o Xs kvXpXyl-bpw, ssa{Xm-h-cp{Xm`ymw {Iu-I o-] p{Xu sshZ`rXo-] p-{XmZv
Wnbpw (A-cp--Xn) BIp-p. hotc \o hoc-]p-{X\p Pw
sshZ-`r-Xo-]p{Xx Imi-tI-bo-]p{XmXv Imi-tI\In \s hoc-]p-{Xs ]nXm-hm-n-bn-cn-pp; AXnbo-] p{Xx {]mNo-t\m-b-Ko-]p-{XmXv {]mNo-\ -tbm\m \o hc-h-Xn-bm-bn-cn-p-p. Cu _mes\ t\mn apKn-]p{Xx kmRvPo-ho-]p-{XmXv kmRvPoho-]p{Xx
-h ""\o hmkvX-h-n ]nXm-hn-t\-m aptmp
{]miv\ o-] p-{Xm-Zm-k p-c o-h m-k n\x {]miv\ o-] p{X
t]mIWw'' Fp ]d- b- Ww. \o \n- t-l-ambn kzw ]nXmBkp-cm-b-Wm-b-Zm-kp-cm-b W Bkptccmkpcnx
a-l-t\- mfpw t{ijvT-\m- I-Ww. \o evan-bpw, Ionbpw
AXp-t]mse {_-tX-Ppw hgn-bmbn D-Xn-bpsS ]c-ako-a-bn-se-Ww C{]-Imcw hninjvS m\-k---\mb
]p{X bmsXmcp {_-W\v P\n-p-p-thm, B ]nXmhpw
CXp-t]m-se-Xs kvXpXyl-\m-Ip-p.

Bt{X- bo-]p-{X-\n\n-pw, Bt{X-bo-]p-{X KuX-ao-]p{X-\n\npw KuX- ao- ]p-{X `mc- Zzm-Po- ]p- {X- \n\npw `mcZzm-Po-]p-{X ]mcm-i-co-]p-{X-\n\npw ]mcm-i-co-]p-{X
hmo-]p-{X-\n\n-pw, hmo-]p-{X ]mcm-i-co-]p-{X\n\npw, ]mcm- i- co-]p-{X hmIm- cp-Wo- ]p-{X-\n\npw,
hmIm-cp-W- ]p-{X hmIm-cp-Wo-]p-{X-\n\n-pw, hmImAmw {_mWw
cp-Wo-]p-{X B-Xm-`m-Ko-]p-{X-\n\n-pw, BXm-`mKo
72. D] AY hHmw-iw, ]uXn-amjo ]p{Xx ImXym ]p{X iuMv-Ko-]p-{X-\n\n-pw, iuMvKo-]p-{X kmwIrb\o-]p-{XmXv ImXym-b-\o-]pt{Xm KuX-ao-]p-{XmZv Xo-]p-{X-\n\n-pw, kmwIr-Xo-]p-{X Bew-_m-b\o ]p{XKuX-ao-]pt{Xm `mc-Zzm-Po-]p-{XmZv `mc-Zzm-Po-]p{Xx \n\n-pw, Bew-_mb\o-]p-{X Pmb-o-]p-{X-\n\n]mcm-i-co-]p-{XmXv ]cm-i-co-]p{X Hu]-kz-kvXo]p pw, Pmb-o-]p-{X amq-Im-b\o ]p{X-\n\npw,
{XmZu- ] - k z- k v X o- ] p{Xx ]mcm- i - c o- ] p- { XmXv amq- Im-b\o ]p{X amq-In-]p-{X-\n\npw, amW-[q]mcmi co]p{Xx ImXym-b-\o-]p-{XmXv ImXym-b- In-]p-{X imn-eo-]p-{X-\n\n- pw,- im-n-eo-]p-{X
\o-]p{Xx Iui-Io-]p-{XmXv Iuin-Io-]p{X Be- cmYo-X-co-]p-{X-\n\n-pw, cmYo-X-co-]p-{X `mep-Io-]p-{Xav_ o]p{Xm sshbm-{L-]-Zo-]p-{Xm sshbm- \n\n-pw, `mep-Io-]p-{X cp {Iun-Io- ]p-{X- m-cn\n{L- ] - Z o]p{Xx IWzo- ] p- { Xm Im]o- ] p- { Xm pw, cp {Iu-Io-]p-{X-m thZ-`r-Xo-]p-{X-\n\n-pw,
thZ-`r- Xo-]p-{X Imi-tI-bo-]p-{X-\n\n-pw, Imi-tI- boIm]o- ] p{Xx
]p-{X {]mN\ tbmKo-]p-{X-\n\npw {]mNo-\-tbm-Ko-]phwiw hn--s-Sp-p. ]uXn-am-jo-]p-{X ImXym- {X kmohn ]p{X- \n\n-pw, kmo-hn-]p-{X Bkpb\o ]p{X-\n\n-pw, ImXym-b-\o-]p-{X KuXao ]p{X- co-hm-kn-{]m-iv\o-]p-{X-\n\n-pw, {]miv\o-]p-{X Bkp-cm\n\n-pw, KuX-ao-]p-{X `mc- Zzm-Po-]p-{X- \n \npw, Zzmc- b-W-\n\n- pw, Bkp-cm-b-W Bkp-cn-bn\n-pw,
Zzm- Po- ]p- {X ]cm- ico ]p{X- \n\n- pw, ]cm-i-co- ]p- {X Hu]- Bkp-cn.

361

I 74. D] bm-h-evIymZv bm-hevIy DmeImZpm-e tIm -f cpWm-Z-c pW D]-t h-ti-c q-] -thinx
Ipt{ix Ip{inhm-P-{i-htkm hmP-{ihm Pnlzm
htXm _mt[ym-Km-n-l zm-hm hmt[ymtKm fknXmZv hmj-K-Wm-Z-kntXm hmj-KtWm lcnXmXv Iiy-]m-c
- nXx Iiy]x inev]mXv Iiy-]nev] x Iiy]x Iiv] m-t-{[qthx Iiyt]m
ss\{[p-h nhmtNm hmK-av`nWym Aav `n-Wym-ZnXym-Zm-Zn-Xym-\n-am\n ipm\n bPq Hmwjn hmPk-t\-b \ bm-hevtIy\mJymbt.
bm-h-evIy-\n\n-pw, bm-hIy Dm-e-I\n\n-pw, Dm-eI
- Acp-W-\n\npw Acp-W D]th-in-bn\npw D]-thin Ip{in-bn \npw Ip{in hmP{i-h-n\n-pw, hmP-{i-hv Pnlzm-hm-\n\n-pw, Pnlzmhm _mt[ym-K-\n\n-pw, _mt[ym-Ky Akn-X-hmjK-W-\n\n-pw, Akn-X-hmj-K-W lcn-X-I-iy-]-\n\npw, lcn-X-I-iy- ] inI-iy-]-\n\n-pw, in-I-iy] Iiy-]-ss\-[r-hn\n-pw, Iiy-]-ss\-[rhv hmIn\npw, hmIpw Aav`n-Wn-bn\n- pw, Aav`nWn BZn-Xy- \n\npw Dmbn BZn-Xy-\n\npw {]m]vX-amb Cu ipbpx {ipXn-I hmP-k-t\b bm-hIy hgn-bmbn
hfsc {]kn--am-bn-op.

75. D] kam-\ am kmwPo-h o-] p-{XmXv kmwPoho

]pt{Xm amq-Im-b-t\am-q-Im-b-\nam
hymm-hyx IumXv Iutm amln-t
amln- nhm-a-I - m-b -W mZv hma-I - m-b Wx
imn- e ym- m- n- t eym- h m- v X mZv hmyx
Ipt{ix Ip{in-cy--h-Ntkm cmP-k v -_m-b\mZv b-hmNm cmP-kvX -av_m-b-\ -kvX p-c mXv
ImhtjbmXv Xpcx Imh- t bjx {]Pm- ] tX
{]Pm]Xn{_-tWm {_ kzbav`p {_tW
\ax

kRvPo-ho-]p-{X-]-c yw Hcp hwiw-X -s-b m-Ip-p.

kRvPo-hn-]p-{X aq-Im-b-\n\n-pw, amq-Im-b\n
am-h y-\n\n-pw, am-hy Iu-b n\n-pw,
Iu amln-n-bn\n-pw, tamlnn hma-I-m-b-Wbn\n- pw, hma- I - m-b W imn-e y- b n\npw
imney hmy-bn-\n-pw, hmy Ip{in-bn-\n-pw,
Ip{in b-h-Nm-cm-P-kvX-av_m-b-\-bn\n-pw, b-hNm-cm-P-kX
v -av_m-b\ Xpc-Im-h-tj-b-bn\n-pw, Xpc-Im-htjb {]Pm-]-Xn-bn\npw {]Pm-]Xn {_m-hn\npw
Dmbn {_w kzbw `qhm-Ip-p. kzbw `qhm-Ip
{_s \a-kI
v -cn- p-p.

ip`w

362

Ayp]-\n-jv

imn- ] mTw
Hmw kl-\ m-h-h Xp kl \u `p\p kl
hocyw Ichm hssl tXP-kzn-\m-h-[o-X-akvXp am
hnZzn-jm-hssl Hmw imnx imnx imnx
]c-{_w R cp-t]- scbpw Hcp-anv cn--tW.
AXv R cp-t]-scbpw Hcp-anv ]cn-]m-en--tW.
R cp-t]cpw Hcp-anv Ign-hp-I t\S-tW. R- fpsS
A[y-b\w tXP-kzn-bm-bn-o-c-tW. R ]c-kv]cw
hntZzjw hln-m-Xn-cn-tW.

{]Y-a-Jw
lcnx Hmw AY l kmwIr-X n`-K-hm-\ m-ZnXy
temIw PKma | Xam-ZnXyw \Xym Nmp-j vaXo
hnZybm Xa-kvXp-hXv Hmw \tam `K-hmtX {iokqcym-bm-n-tX-P tk \ax Hmw tJN-cmb \ax Hmw
cPtk \ax Hmw kXzmb \ax Hmw Ak-tXmam kXv
Kab Xatkm am tPymXnK-ab artXymam AarXw
Kab | DjvtWm `K-hm ipNn-cq]x {]Xn-cq] hnizcq]w LrWn\w PmX-th-Zkw lnc- bw tPymXncq]w X]w kl-{k-civanx iXYm h-am\x
]pcpjx {]Pm-\m-ap-Z-b-tXyj kqcyx | Hmw \tam
`K- h tX {iokq- c ym- b m- Z n- X ym- b m- n- t XP tkzm
tlm fhmlnt\ hmln\n kzmtlXn Ghw Nmpv a - X o- h n- h n- Z ybm kv X pXx | kqcy- \ m-c m- b Wx
kp{]otXm f {_ho- m- p- j v a Xo hnZy- { io- b mw
{_mtWm tbm \nXy-a-[otX \X-kym-n-tcmtlm
`hXn \ Xky Ipte f tm `hXn Au {_mWm {Kml-bnXzm f Y hnZym-ko-n`-hXn b Ghw
thZ k alm `hXn.

`K-hm kmwIrXn BZn-Xy-tem-Ip t]mbn AhnsS

Atlw `K-hm kqcys\ \a- kvI-cnp NmpjvaXn hnZybm kvXpXn sNbvXp Hmw Np-cn-{nbw {]Im-in-n-p
`K-hm kqcy\v \a-kvImcw BIm-i-Nm-cn-bmb `K-hm

kqcy\v \a-kI
v mcw. alm-tk-\-\mb {io kqcy\v \a-kI
v mcw. Xtam KpW-cq-]-\mb kqcy\v \a-kI
v m-cw. ctPm-Kp-W- cq]-\mb kqcy\v \a-kI
v m-cw. kXzKpW-cq- ]-\mb kqcy\v \akvImcw. `K-hms\ Fs Ak-n \nv kn-tev
\bn-m-epw. A-Im-c-n \nv {]Im-i-n-tev \bnm-epw. arXyp-hn \nv Aar-X-n-tev \bn-m-epw. B
kqcy-\m-bm-c-W ]cn-ip-\pw {]Xn-cq-]- \p-am- W.v kq
cq]-[m-cnbpw civa n amenIman- X\pw PmXn-th-Zpw
kz-k-am\ {]Im-i-ap--h\pw tPymXn-kz-cq-]\pw Xm]bp--\p-amb kqcy-\m-cm-b-Ws\ R kvacn-p-p.
kl-{k-c-ivanbpw ]e-hn-[-n hn- p--h-\p-amb
kqcy Fm Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw apn DZbw sNp-p.
R-fpsS Ip-Iv {]Im-i-cq-]\pw AZnXn ]p{X-\p-amb
kqcy\v \a- kvIm- cw. hnizw [cn- p kqcy\v R RfpsS kh-kzhpw kan-p-p. Cu Nmp-ja
v Xo hnZybm kvXpXn- - s- -tm kqcy- \m- cm- b- W Ghpw kp-\mbn ]d-p. ""Cu Nmp-ja
v Xo hnZy \nXyhpw ]mcmbWw sNp {_m-W\v t\{X-tcmKw Dm-Ip-n-.
Ahs hwi-n Bcpw A-\m- In- . Fp {_m-Wsc
Cu hnZy ]Tn-n-m Cu hnZyv knn-bp-mIpw CXv
Adn-bp hyn alm-\m-bn-o-cpw.''

ZznXob Jw
AY l kmwIr-Xn-cm-ZnXyw ]{] `K-h {_hnZymw ta {_ploXn Xam-ZntXym tlmhmN:
A\-cw kmwIrXn kqcy-t\mSv ]d-p. ""`K-hms\
F\nv {_- hnZy D]- tZ-inpXctW.'' AXp-tIv BZn-Xy
]dp:

1. kmwIrtX irWp hyan |

XXz m\w kpZpe`w |
tb\ hnm-X-am-t{XW |
Poh-ptm `hn-jykn ||

363

I 2. kh-ta-I-aPw imw A\w {[ph-a-hybw |

]iy `qXm Nn{Zq]w |
im Akz bYm kpJw ||
3. Ath-Z\w hnZp tbmKw |
Nn--ba Ir{Xnaw |
tbmKx Ipcp ImWn |
\octkm hm Y am Ipcp ||
4. hncm-K-ap-]-bm-Xy-
hmk-\m-kz-\ p-h m-kcw |
{Inbm-kq-Zm-c- cq-]mkp |
{IatX tamZ-X-\zlw ||
5. {Kmaymkp PU-tN-mkp |
kXXw hnNn-In-tX |
t\mZm-l-cXn amWn |
]pWy-ImWn tkhtX ||
kmwIr-Xn, Rm \nv Ghpw Zpe-`-amb XXzm\w D]-tZin-mw. AXv Adn-m-ep-SXs Poh-p-\m-Ipw. \n Fm-{]m-Wn-Ipw GI\pw AP\pw
im\pw Ahy-b\pw A\-\pw {[ph\pw Nn{Zq-]-\p-amb
{_s Iv bYm-kpJw hkn-p-I. Bm-hn-sbpw
]c-am-m-hn-s-bp-a-msX asm-n- sbpw {]XoXn Dm-Icp-Xv. Cu Ah--bn-emWv tbmK-sav ]d-bp--Xv. AXn\m tbmK--\mbn Iw sNp-I. tbmK-\ncXs
AxIcWw ssZhn-Ih
- m-k-\-I-fn \n-Ie
- p-p. km[I DZm-c-I-- fn-tesv {]k-X A\p-`h
- n-p-p.
Am-\n-If
- psS PU-{]-hr-n-I-fn Ah\v tbmPn-n-.
Ah Ftmgpw t{ijvTI- am{Xta sNp-Ib
- pq.

6. A\-t\ym-tZz-K -Im-cnWo |
arZp ImWn tkhtX |
]m]m-Zzn-t`Xn kXXw |
\ N t`mK-a-t]-tX |
7. kvt\l {]Wb K`mWn |
t]i-em\yp NnXm\n N |
tZi-Im-tem-]-]-m\n |
hN-\m\y`n`m-jtX ||
8. a\km IWm hmNm |
k-\m-\p] tkhtX |
bXx IpX-n-Zm-\ob |
\nXyw imkv{XmWy t]tX ||
9. XZm f ku {]Y-am-taImw |
{]m]vtXm `hXn `qanImw |

Ghw hnNm-ch
- m bx kymXv |
kwkm-tcm-m-cWw {]Xn ||
10. k `qan-Im-hm-\n-Xypx |
tij-kvXzmcy CXn kvarXx |
hnNm-c-\m-av\o-an-Xcm |
amKtXm tbmK-`q-anImw ||

Pohn-I A\p-tZzKIc-fpw kuay-e

- p-amb
I- sNp- p. kZm ]m]w `b- s -S p- p.
t`mKm-t] IqSm-sX-bn-cn-p-p. Ah kvt\l
K`-fpw at\m-l-c - -fp-amb hmp-I ]d-bpp. tZi-Im-em-\p-kr-X-amtb kwkm-cn-p-I-bpq.
a\km hmNm IWm k-\-kw-kw sNpw
kZv{K- hmbn-pw. kwkmc kmKcw XcWw
sN-Ws
- a-m-{K-ln-p--h apv kqNn-n Imcy-f n eo\-N n- -c m-b n-c n- pw. Ahs\ "`qan-I mhm' Fv ]d-bp-p. hnNm-cs
- a ZznXo-b-`q-an-ItbmSpIqSn-b-hs eWw ]d-bmw.
11. {ipXn kvarXn kZm-Nmc
[mc-Wm-[ym\ IWx |
apJymbm hymJybm JymXm |
{ibXn t{ijvT-]-n-Xm ||
12. ]Zm {]hn-`m-Kx |
Imcym-Imcy hn\nbw |
Pm\m-Xy-[n-K -X
- mt\ym |
Krlw Krl-]-Xn-cyYm ||
13. aZm-`n-am-\-am- cy
tem` tamlm-Xn-im-bnXmw |
_ln-c-]ym-n-Xm-\ p-t Zm-j m
apPy-Xy-ln-cnh XzNx ||
14. Cw `qX-]Xnx imkv{X
Kpcp-k--\-tk-h bm |
k cl-ky-a-ti-tjW |
bYm-h-Z[o KXn ||
{ipXn, kvarXn, kZm-Nm-cw, [mc-Ww, [ym\w Fn-hbpsS Da hymJym-Xm-sf Abm B{i-bn-p-p.
imkv{Xm\-amn-p--Xn-\m Ihy \nbw
sNm ka-\m-Ip-p. ]Z-]-Zm-hn-`mKw icnv a\n-em-pw. aZm-`n-am-\-tam-l--fpsS B[nIyw Ahs
Nns Iep-jn-X-am-p-I-bn-. Ah\v Hcp _mly-nXn-bp-.v kw AXns ]pdw N Dt]-n-p--Xp-t]mse
Ah _mly tZmj-- Dt]-n-p-p. C-s\-bp
km[-I bYm-hn[n imkv{Xw, Kpcp Fn-h-cpsS Ir]-bm
kIe Imcy-fpw {Kln-p-p.

364

I 15.
16.

17.

18.

19.

Akw-km-Zn-[m-a\zmw |
XrXobmw tbmK `qanImw |
XXx hni-Xy-sku Imx |
]pjv]-i-m-an-hm-aemw ||
bYm-h-m-i m-kv {X-hm-Iymt |
aXn-am-[m-b-\n-emw |
Xm]-km-{i-a- hn- {imss
c[ym--I-Y-{Issax ||
inem-i-m-k-\m-kot\m |
Pc-b-Xym-b p-cm-XXw |
h\m-h-\n-hn-lm-tcW |
Nntm-]-ia tim`n\m ||
Akw-K-kp-J-ku-tJy\ |
Imew \bXn \oXn-am |
A`ym-kmXv km[p-im-kv{XmWmw |
Ic-WmXv ]pWy-IWmw ||
Ptmb-Ym-h-tZ-thbw |
hkvXp Zrnx {]ko-ZXn |
XrXobmw `qanImw {]m]y |
_ptm f \p `hXn kzbw ||

23 t`m-Km-t`mKm alm-tcmKmx |
kZx ]c-am-]Zx |
hntbm-Km-ssbh kwtbmKmx |
B[-tbm-hy-[tbm [nbmw ||
24. Imem Ie-t\m-Zypx
kh-`m-hm-\\m cXw |
A\m-m-tbXn `mhm\mw |
bZ `mhm-\-am-cw ||
25. hmIym-e-_ v[-a-\kx |
kmamt\ym kmh kwKax |
At\\ {Ia-tbm-tK\ |
kwtbm-tK\ alm-\mw ||
26. \mlw It-izcx Im |
I hm {]m\w aa |
IrXzm Zqc-Xtc \q\
anXn i_vZm `mh\m |
b-t\m-\-am-k\w imw |
XXv t{ijvTm-kwK DNytX ||

kmam-\y-sapw t{ijvT-sapw Akw-kw cp-hn[- apv. Rm Imthm t`mmthm _m[y- t\m _m[It\m Hp-a-. Cu hn[-n hnjb--fn-ep A\m-ktbmK-ns XrXob `qanI Akw- k-n {]th-`m-h-amWv kmam\yw Cu P-n Fs-m-amtWm
in-p-sIm-m-Wv. imkv{X--fn Fp-]-d-bptm Ah\psS apn- ep-Xv AsXmw ]q-P I ^e-am- W.v
bn Ahn-N-e-amb _pn sNepn Xt]m-\n-jT
v -cmb ap\nAXp-sImv kpJtam ZpxJtam BIs AXn Rms\p
am-cpsS B{i-a--fn Xma-knv imkv{X- N-I sNbvXv
sNm- \mWv? t`mKw tcmK- Im- c-W- am- Wv. ssh`- h- B]- p]md-p-dv InSv AhnsS Ccpv Imew Ign-p- p. Nnv Imc-W- am-Wv. Fm kwtbm-K-fpw hntbm-K- Im-cn- Iimn ssIh- -Xn- \m \oX- - m Imn Ignv hnjfm-W.v am\-kn-I-Nn-- I Am\nIv hym[nv Xpeybm-kn ssIhnv kzm`m-hn-I-ambn e`n-p kpJw A\pam-Ip-p. kI-eXpw \in-p--Xm-W.v Fs- m Ime
`-hn-p-p. ]pWy-I--fmepw D-a -im-kv{Xm-`ymkw
Ahsb {Kmk-am-p-p. imkvt{Xm-]-tZ-i- a\-nsImpw bmYmyw ImWm-\p Pohn-I- fpsS Zrn kzemnbm Ah- bn A\m-- bp- m- Ip- p. a\- n A`mambn Xocp-p. Cu XrXob `qanI ssIh-m km[-I
h-`m-h-\bpw Dm-Ipw. CXmWv kmam-\y-amb Akw-kw.
kzbw _p-\m-Ipw.
Rm Im-h-. Fs ]qh-P--amWv Im-h.v As20. Zzn{]-I m-c-a-kw-kw |
n ]c- am- m- hmWv C- s\- bp Nn- I \ntjw \innXkym-t`-Za
- nZw irWp |
-Xn-\p- tijw ssIh-cp a\-\w, Bk- \w, im- `mhw Fnh- bmWv DXvIr-- amb Akw- k-sav ]d-bw.m
Zznhnt[m f ba-kw-kx |
27. ktm-jm-tam-Z-a-[pcm |
kmam\yx t{ijvT Gh N ||

21. \mlw Im \ t`mm N |

\N _mt[ym \ _m[Ix |
CXy-k-RvP -\-at f jp kmam\ym
kwK \maIw ||
22. {]-\nnXw kh-ao-iz-cm-[o-\-tah hm
kpJw hm bZn hm ZpxJw |
ssIhm{X Xh IrXm ||

{]Y-tam-tZXn `qanIm |
`qhn t{]mZn-Xa
- mt{Xm f
car-Xm-p-cn-tIh km ||
28. Gjm ln ]cn-ar-mx
c\ymkm {]k-ssh-I`px |
ZzXobmw N XrXobmw N |
`qanImw {]]v\p-bm-Xx ||

365

I 29. t{ijvTm-kh-Xm-tlyjm |

36. kpjp-]vX-a\ GhmkvtX |

XrXobm `qan-Im{X ln |
]aow `qanImw KXx |
`hn t{]mPvQnXm tij
Aap-J-Xbm XnjvT |
k-ev]-I-e\mw ]qam ||
_lnhrn ]tcm]n k ||
30. `qan-Im-{in-X -bm- `ymkm
37. ]cn-{im--Xbm \nXyw |
Zmt\ bam KtX |
\n{Zm-ep-cnh eytX |
kaw kh{X ]iyn |
Iph- -`ym-k-ta-X kymw |
NXpow `qanImw KXm ||
`qan-Imbmw hnhm-k\x ||
31. AssZztX sscy-am-btX |
38. jjvTow Xpcym-`n-[m-a\ymw |
ssZztX N {]iaw KtX |
{IamXv ]XXn `qanImw |
]iyn kz]v\-h-tmIw NXpn `qanImw
b{X \mk--k-{Zpt]m |
KXmx ||
\mlw \m]y-\lw IrXnx ||
32. `qan-Im-{Xn-Xbw Pm{K
39. tIhew oW-a-\-\
NXpo kz]v\ DNytX
amkvtX f ssZztX f Xn\n`-b x |
\n{Knx im-k-ttlm |
{]Ya `qanI ktm-jm-\-a
- -[p-c-ambn AxIc-W-cqPohptm hn`m-h\x ||
]-n-ep ]rYzn-bn Aar-Xm-pcw s]mn-p-d-s-Sp--Xpt]mse {]I-S-am-bn-o-cp-p. Cu `qanI Zriy-am-Ip-tm 40. A\nhmtWm f ]n\nhmW
ap `qan-Ifpw {]I-S-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m Ax IcWw Hcp
n{X-Zo] Ch nXx |
t{X-am-bn-o-cp-p. ]ns km[-I\v cm-a-sbpw
jjvTymw `qam-hku nXzm |
aqm-a-sbpw `qan-I-I ssIh-cp-p. apnepw shv
k]vXaow `qan-am-]v\p-bmXv ||
aqm- asXmWv kthm- - aw. Fp-sIm- s-m AXv
{]I-S -a-mbn- -gn-m k-ev] -n \np- m-Ip
kIe hrn-Ifpw \in-p-p. aqp `qan-I-Ifpw A`ykn-p km[- I Am\w \in--Xn- s\- p-Sv \memas `qan-Isb {]th-inv kh{X kaZin-bm-Ip-p.
B ka-bv ssZzX-`mhw kzbw tem]np t]mI--hn[w AssZzX `mh\ ZrV-X-c-am-Ip-p. Cs\ \memw
`qan-I-bn-se-nb km[-I Cu temIs kz]v\-satmWw PmK- c- W- cq-]- n-ep- - Xm-sWpw \mem-as `qanI -kz-]\
v -am-sWpw ]d-bp-p.

33. Nnw Xp ic-ZY

- -{`mwi
hnebw {]ho-en-btX |
kXzm-h-tij GhmkvtX |
]aow `qanImw KXmx ||
34. PK-Zzn-Ievt]m t\mtZXn Nn{X-kym-{Xhn-tem-]-\mXv |
]aow `qan-Im-taXy |
kpjp]vX ]Z-\m-anImw ||
35. imm-ti-j-h n-ti-jmwi
kvXnjvTXy ssZzX-am-{XIx |
Kfn-Xs
- sZz-X-\n`mtkm |
apZntXm f x {]t_m-[-hm ||

km[-Is a\v ]-`q-anI ssIh-cp-tm icXv

Ime-n taL- BIm-i- n ebn-p--Xp-t]mse
hnebw {]m]n-p-p. AtXmsS kXzw am{Xw Ah-ti-jnpw. Cu Ah--bn kmwkm-cnI hnI-e]
v - DZn-pn- . Cu `qan-I -tbm-Sp-I qSn km[-I s kIe t`Z
_pnbpw im-a mbn Abm AssZz-X m-h - -b n
Fpp. ssZzX-`m-h-\m-i-m kpjp-]vX-]Zw Fp
t]cp ]-`q-an-Isb B-m-\n-bmb km[-I him-p-p. Ah _mly- hy- h-lm- c-tm- Sp- Iq- Sn- b- h-\m-sWn- epw Aap-J- \mbpw kZm oW--h- s\-tm-sebpw Ddp--hs
- \-tm-sebpw ImW-s-Spw. Cu `qanI knn--Xn\p-tijw hmk-\m-c-ln-X-\mb km[-I Bdmw `qan-I-bn
{]thinp-p. AhnsS kv, Ak-v, Al-m-cw, A\l-mcw, a\-\m--I-hrn CsXmpw Dm-hn-. Ahs
lrZ-b-{K-n-I Xpd- -s-Sp-tm kh kt-l- \n- hr- \m-bn-o-cp- p. Atm Ah `mh-iq-\y-\m-bn-cn-pw.
Ah \nhmW ]Zw {]m]n-msX Xs XmZr- i- amb Ah-bn-sen Poh-p--\m-Ip-p. Atm-gs Ah
Nn{X-Zo-]k
- -Zr-i-am-Wv. Cu Bdmw `qan-I-p-tijw Ggmw
`qan-I-bn-se-pw.

41. hntZl ap Xm f t{Xmm |

k]vXa
- o-tbmK `qanIm |
AKaym hm-Nkmw imm |
km koam kh-`q-anjp |

366

I 42. temIm-\p-h\w Xyzm |

Xyzm tZlm-\p-h\w |
imkv{Xm-\p-h \w Xyzm |
km[ymkm ]\bw Ipcp ||
43. HmwIm-c-am-{X-a-Jnew |
hniz-{]m-mZn eWw |
hmNy-hm-N-I-Xm-t`Zm |
t`tZ-\m\p ]e-_v[nXx ||
44. AIm-c-am{Xw hnizx kymZpIm-c-kvssX-Pkx kvarXx |
{]mtm aImc CtXyhw |
]cn-]-tiyXv {ItaW Xp ||
45. kam-[n-Im-emXv {]tKh |
hnNn-ymXn {]b-Xv\Xx |
qe kqva-{I-amXv khw |
NnZm-\n hntem-]-tbXv ||
46. NnZm-m\w \nXy-ip
_pZ-[-ap kZ-Zzbx |
]c-am-\--kw-ttlm |
hmkp-tZ-thm-l-tam-anXn ||
47. BZn-a-[ym-h -km-t\jp |
ZpxJw kh-anZw bXx |
XkvamXv khw ]cn-XyPy |
XXz-XnjvtTm `hm-\L ||

48. Ahn-`ym-Xn-an-cm-XoXw |
khm-`m-k-hn-hPnXw |
B\--a-aew ipw |
at\m-hm-Nm-a-tKm-Ncw ||
49. {]m-\-L-\-am-\w |
{_m-kvaoXn hn`m-h-tbXv |
CXyp-]- \ n-jXv

k]vX-a-`q-an-I-bn hntZ-l-ap-n-bpsS Ah ssIhcp-p. B `qanI F{Xbpw im-amWv hmNm-a-tKm-N-c-am-W.v

Fm `qan- II
- -fp-sSbpw An-a-ko-a-bmb ChnsS kh-`qan-I-Ifpw Ah-km-\n-p-p. CXn temIm-Nm-chpw tZlmNm-c hpw imkv{Xm-N m-c hpw XyPn- -s -S p- p. hnizw,
{]mw, ssXPkw apX- emb cq]--fn Cu kq
{]]-hpw HmwImcw Xs. AXn hmNy-hm-N-I-t`-Z-an-.
t`Z-ap-s-n AXv {]m]n-m\pw km[y-a-. HmwIm-cns {]Y-a-am-{X-bmb AImcw hnizhpw DImcw ssXPkhpw aImcw {]m-hp-am-Ip-p. kam-[np app Xs
ITn\ {]b- Xv\-m CXn-s\-n Nnn-- Ww. kqvaqe-{I-a-n khhpw NnZm-m-hn ebn-n--Ww. NnZmm-hns\ kzkz-cq-]-sap IcpXn Rm Xs-b mWv
\nXy\pw ip\pw AZzn-Xo-b\pw ]c-am-\--a-b\pw hmkptZ-h\pw {]W-h-kz-cq-]-\p-sa- p ZrV-`m-h\
- -tbm-sS-bn-cn-Ww. Cu {]]--amsI BZn-a-[ym cq]-n ZpxJab-am-W.v AXn-\m kh-Xym-Kn-bmbn XXzw tXSp-I. Rm
B\-c
- q-]\pw \n-e\pw {]m-L-\\
- p-amb {_-amsWv Nnn--Ww. CXp-Xs D]-\n-j-{Zp-]-amb clkyw.

Ayp-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p. - - - -----

Q
3
A]
qt
Pm]
\
nj
v
1
-

Hmw. Xky \nn- \w [ym\w. kh-I

\ncm-Ic
- -Wa
- m-hm-l\
- w. kh I \ncm-Ic
- -Wa
- mhm-l\
- w. \n-e-m-\-am-k-\w. ktZmapJ-`mhx
]mZyw kZm-a-\kvI aLyw. ko]vXn cmN-a-\obw
hcm-I p-X -{]-h rXnx kv\ m\w khm- -I -X z-Z riy
hnetbm Kx Zrizn-in-jvS-am-\x AXx NnZmZo]vXnx ]pjv]w. kqcym-I
- Xzw Zo]x ]cn-]q
N{m-arX cssk-Io-I-cWw ss\th-Zyw. \n-eXzw
{]Z-n-Ww. tkml-`mthm \a-kvI mcx ]c-ta-i zc
kvX pXn au\w kZm ktmtjm hnkP-\ w.
Ghw ]cn-]q cmP-tbm-Kn\x khm-I ]qtPm-

]-Nmcx kymXv. khm-I

- ky Bm-temtcm `hXn. kh-\n-cm-ab ]cn-]qtmlakvao-Xn. apappWmw tamssI knn `h-Xn.

CXyp-]-\n-jXv
[ym\w FXv B Bm-hns \nc--c-amb Nn\w
Xs-bmWv. Fm I--fp-sSbpw XymKw Bhm-l\sa-v Adn-b-s-Spp. nc-m\w Xs-bmWv Bk\w. AXns t\tc Ftmgpw Dp-J-\m-Ip--XmWv ]mZyw.
AXn\p t\v a\v XnIpw hym]-c n- p--X mWv
ALyw FXv. Ftmgpw Bm-cm-as Zo]vXn Xs-

367

I bmWv BN-a-\o-bamWv. A Xns {]m]vXn Xs

kv\m\hpw. khm--Ia
- mb Zriy-ns hne-b-amWv
Kw F-Xp-sIm-p-t-in-p-Xv. Am\ NpmWv A-Xw. NnXv {]Imiw Xs-bmWv ]pjv]hpw.
kqcym--I Xs-bmWv Zo]vXw. ]cn-]q N{s
AarX ck-ns GIo-I-c-W-amWv ss\th-Zyw. nc-XbmWv {]Z-n-Ww. "tkmlw' F `mh-amWv \a-kvIm-cw.
au\w FXv ]c-ta-iz-c\p t\p kvXpXn XsbmWv. kZm kp-jvS-\m-bn-cn-p-I-sb-X
- mWv hnkP\w. C{]-Imcw ]cn-]q cmP-tbm-Kn-bpsS khm-I

cq]- amb ]qPbpw D]- Nm-chpw khm--I- Xbpw Xs- bmWv

Bm-hn\v B[m-cam-Ip-Xv. Cu `mh\ tamw Cnp-h
- c
- psS tam-ns knn-bm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv
km[m-cW ]qPsb kw_-n-n-S-tmfw [ym\w, Bhml\w, Kw, ss\thZyw BZn-bm-bh Bh-iy-apXmIpp. AXp-t]mse Xs B-]q-Pbvv Hmtcm-m-hiy-am-Wv. AXm-bXv As\sbms sNbvXm am{Xta
Bm-hns kap-NnXamb ]qP-bm-Ipp-q.

A-]q-tPm-]\
- n-jv kam-]n-p.

Q
3
A[ymt
m
]\
nj
v
1
imn- ] mTw
Hmw ] q - a Zx ] q - a nZw ] q mX v
]qapZNytX ]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]qtahm hinjytX
Cu ]c-{_w ]q-am-Wv. Cu PKpw ]q-amWv. Cu ]q {_-n \npw ]q PK-v- D-e]
v -am-Ip-p. Cu ]q {_-n\npw ]q-P-Kv
FSp-mepw ]q-{_w Xs Ah-ti-jn-p-p.

lcn Hmw Ax icotc \nlntXm Kplm-bm-aP

GtIm ln \nXy-aky ]rYnho icocw bx ]rYnho
atc k- c \yw ]rYnho \ thZ bkym]x
icocw tbm At]m f tc k-c -\ y-amt]m \
hnZpx bky tXPx icocw bkvtX tPm f tc
k-c\yw tXtPm \ thZx bky hmbpx icocw
tbm hmbpatc k-c \yw hmbp\ thZ b
kymImi icocw bB-Imix atc k-c-\y-amImtim \thZ bky a\x icocw tbm at\m f
tc kc\yw at\m \ thZ bky _pnx
icocw tbm _pn-a- tc k-c \yw _pn\
thZ bkymlmcx icocw tbm f lwIm-c-a-tc
k-c\yw Al-mtcm \ thZ. bkyky Nnw
icocw bna-tc k-c\yw Nnw \ thZ
bkym hyw icocw tbmhy- -a- tc kc
\yahyw \ thZ bkym- cw icocw tbm f
catc k-c-\y-a-cw \ thZ | bky arXyp

icocw tbm arXyp-a- tc k-c \yw arXyp\

thZ k Gj kh-`q-Xm--cmm f ]l-X-]m]va m
Znthym tZh GtIm \mcm-bWx
1. Alw ataXn tbm `mthm I
tZlm-m-`m-h-\m-\n I
A[ym-tkmbw \nc-kvXthym I
hnZqjm {_-\n-jvTbm II
lcn Hmw ico-c-ns Dn lrZ-b-K-lz-c-n P\\-an-m Hv \nXyw hkn-p-p. AXns icocw ]rYznbm-Wv. AXv ]rYzn-p-n hkn-p-p-sh-nepw ]rYzn
AX-dn-bp-n-. Pew AXns ico-c-am-Wv. AXv Pe-n-\pn hkn-p-p-sh-nepw Pew AX-dn-bp-n-. AXns
icocw tXP-m-Wv. AXv tXP-n-\p-n hkn-p-p-shnepw tXPv AX-dn-bp-n-. AXns icocw hmbp-hmWv. AXv hmbp-hn-\p-n Xma-kn-p-p-sh-nepw hmbp
AXv Adn-bp-n-. BImiw AXns ico-ca
- m-Wv. AXv
BIm-i- n- \p-n hkn-p-p-sh-nepw BImiw AXdn-bp-n-. AXns icocw a\-m-Wv. AXv a\-n-\p-nemWv hkn-p--sX-nepw a\v AX-dn-bp-n-. _pn
AXns ico-c-am-W.v AXv _pn-p-n hkn-p-p-shnepw _pn AXns\ Adn-bp-n-. AXns icocw Alm-c-am-Wv. AXv Al-m-c-n-\p-n-em-Wv hkn-p--sXnepw Al-mcw AXv Adn-bp-n-. Nnw AXns icoc-am-Wv. AXv Nn-n-\p-n-em-sW-nepw Nnw AX-dnbp-n-. AXns icocw Ahy--am-Wv. AXv Ahy--

368

I ns Dn-emWv hkn-p--sX-nepw Ahyw AXns\

7. LSm-Imiw alm-Imi I
Adn-bp-n-. AXns icocw A-c-am-Wv. AXv A-cChm-m\w NnZm-\n
n-\p-n-emWv hkn-p--sX-nepw Acw AX- dn-bp-nhnem-]ym-J--`m-th\ I
. AXns icocw arXyp-hm-W.v AXv arXyp-hn-p-n-emWv
hkn-p--sX-nepw arXyp AXns\ Adn-bp-n-. AXp
Xs- bmWv Cm-Wp kh-`q-X--fp-sSbpw A- cm-m- 8.
hv. AXns ]m]- \inp t]mbn-cn-p-p. AXp-Xs
GI\pw Znhy-\p-amb \mcm-bW
- . tZtl-{n-bmZn A\m-]-Zm-fpw AXn-\p-ap-]cn Rms\pw FtXv Fpw
D `mhhpw Dv. AXv {`aw am{Xw. AXp-sImv Adnhph {_-\n-jvT-bm Cu A[ymkw AI-se-bm-9.
Ww.

2. mXzm Xw {]Xy-Km-m\w I
_pn XZv hrn-km-nWw I
tkml-an-tXyh XZv hrXym I
kzm\y-{Xm--aXnw XytPXv II
3. temIm-\p-h\w Xyzm I
Xyzm tZlm-\p-h\w I
imkv{Xm-\p-h\w Xrzm I
kzm[ym-km-]-\bw Ipcp II
4. kzm-t\yh kZm nXzm
at\m \iyXn tbmKn\x I
bpym {ipXzm kzm\p-`qXym I
mXzm khm-y-am-\x II
5. \n{Zmbmx temI-hmmbm I
i_vZm-tZ-cm hnkvartXx I
IzNn-m-h-kcw ZXzm I
Nn-bm-m-\-am-\n II
{]Xy-Km-m-hmWv kzbw _pnpw AXns hrnpw
kmn F-dnv AXv Rm\mWv F Nn-tbmsS
Xms\m-gnsI asm ]Zm--sfbpw Dt]-np-I.
temIm- \p-h-\hpw tZlm-\p-h-\hpw imkv{Xm-\ph-\hpw XyPnv Bm-hn-ep A[ym-k-hpw Dt]-np-I. B-n-X-\mbn bpn, {ih-Ww, kzm\p-`qXn
Fnh aptJ\ kzbw kI-e-Xn-sbpw B-cq-]a
- m-sW-dnp Ign-bp-tm tbmKn-bpsS a\v \in-p-p. Ddw, temI-hm-I, i_vZm-Zn-hn-j-b- B-hn-kX
v cWw Fn-hv Hcn-Spw CSw \ImsX Bm-hn
Xs Bm-hns\ hnNn-\w sNp-I.

6. amXm-]n-tXma-tem-Zv`qXm I
ae-amw-k-abw h]px I
Xyzm Nm-e-hn-XvZqcw I
{_-`qb IrXo-`h II

XqjvWow `h kZm apt\ II

kz{]-Im-i-a-[njvTm\w I
kzbw `qb kZm-\m I
{_m-a
- ]n ]nmw I
XyPyXmw ae-`m--hXv II
NnZm-\n kZm-\t I
tZl-cq-Vm-alw [nbw I
\nth-iy-e nw-K-ap-r-Py
-tI-htem `h khZm II

10. bss{Xj PK-Zm-`mtkm I

Z-Wm--]pcw bYm I
XZv {_m-l-an-Xn-mXzm I
IrX-Ir-tXym- `-hm-\ L
Cu icocw amXm-]n-Xm- - m-cpsS ae- n \np Dmbn-p- Xpw ae-a mw-k -a-b -hp-amWv AXn-\ m AXns\
Nm-f-s\-tme IcpXn {_-kz-cq-]\pw IrX-Ir-Xy-\pambn `hn-p-I. altj, alm-Im-i-n LSm-Im-i-sa-t]mse ]c-am-m-hn Bm-hns\ ebn-nv AJ--`mh-tmsS aqI-\m-bn-cn-p-I. kzbw {]Im-im-- Ihpw A[njvT m\ {_-c q-] -h p-ambn Xov {_m--sbpw
]nm--sbpw ae- ]m-{X-sa t]mse ]cn-Xy-Pn-t- Xm-W.v ico-c-n cqV-aq-e-amb Al-m-c-_p-nsb kZm
B\-c
- q-]-amb NnZm-m-hn Dd-nv enwK-i-cocw XyPnv
kZm tIh-em--kz-cq-]-\mbn `hn-p-I. A\-L, Im-Snbn Hcp \Kcw ImW-s-Sp--Xp-t]mse GsXm-n-emtWm
Cu PK-ns {]Xo-Xn-bp-m-Ip-Xv B {_w Rm
Xs-bm-Wv. Fp a\-n-emn \o IrX-Ir-Xy-\mbn `hnm- epw.

11. Al-mc {Klm-px I

kzcq-] -ap-]-]-ZytX I
N{-h-Zzn-aex ]qx I
kZm-\x kzbw {]`x II
12. {Inbm-\mti `th-nm I
\mtim f kvamZv hmk-\
- bx I
hmk-\m-{]- -bm-tmx I
km Poh-p-n-cp-NytX II
13. kh{X khXx kh
{_ am{Xm-h-tem-I\w I

369

kZv`m-h-`m-h-\m-ZmVymZv I
hmk-\m-e-b-a -iv\ ptX II
14. {]amtZm {_-\n-jvTmbmw I
\ Ihyx IZm-N\ I
{]mtamtZm arXyp-cn-Xymlp I
hnZymbmw {_-hm-Zn\ II

20. kzbw {_m kzbw hnjvWpx I

kzb-an{x kzbw inhx I
kzbw hniz-anZw khw I
kzkvam-Z\yw \ In\ II

Bv Pohn-n-cn-p-tm Xs ssIheyw e`n- m

Ign-bp-tm Ah tZl-c-ln-X-\m-bn-oXn\p tijhpw
{_-kz- cq-]-\m-bn-o-cpw. AXn-\m A\-L, \o kam-[n-\n15. bYm-]-Irw ssihmew I
jvT-\mbn hnIev] clo-X-\m-bn-`h
- n-p-I. \nhn-Iev] kamW-am{Xw \ XnjvTXn
[n-bm B-Zi\w km[n-m lrZ-b- nse Am\
Bhr-tWmXn XYm ambm I
{Kn-I Ap-t]m-Ip-p. Bm-hn B-`mhw Dd-nv
Al-m- cm- Zn- I-fn- ep B- `mhw shSn- bp- I. hkv{Xw, ]m{Xw,
{]mw hm]n ]cm-MvapJw II
apX-em-b-h-bn DZm-ko\ `mhw hln- p--Xp-t]mse Xs
B kzcq]w {]m]n-p-hm Al-m-c-n \nv Al-m-cm-Zn-I-fnepw DZm-ko\ `mh-tmsS Pohn--Ww.
hnap- -\mb hynp am{Xta km[n-p-I- bp- q. AXn\p {_w apX ]psmSn hsc-bp Fm D]m-[n- Ifpw
tijw N{-s\-tmWw \n-e-\mbn kZm B\--kz-cq-]- anYy- bm- W.v AXn-\m kzcq-]- n nXn-sN-p ]qn kzbw {]Im-in-X-\m-bn-o-cp-p. {Iobm-\m-i-n amb Bm-h n-s \-Xs kI-e-bn-Spw Zin--Ww.
Nnm- \m- ihpw Nnm-\m-i- n hmk-\m-\m-ihpw Dm-Ip- {_mhpw hnjvWphpw C{\pw inh\pw PKpw F
p. hmk-\m-\miw Xs tamw. AXp Xs- bmWv Poh- Cu ImWp kI- eXpw Rm Xs. Fn \npw `np-n, kh{X kI-e-`m-Kpw Fm-n-s\bpw tIh-e{- _- ambn Hp-an F Nnm-KXn DmIWw.
-kz-cq-]-ambn ImWpI Fp kZv`m-h\ ZrV-am-bn-o21. kzm-Xym-tcm-]n-Xm-tijm I
cp-tm hmk-\m-\miw kw`-hn-p-p. {_-\n-jvT-bn
`mk hkvXp-\n-cm-kXx I
Hcp Imc-W-h-imepw {]amZw ImWn--cp-Xv. Fp-sIm-skzb-tah ]cw {_ I
m AXp Xs- bmWv acWw Fv thZm-n-I ]d-bpp. ]mb sh-n \nv Aev]w sXn amdn-bmepw
]q-a-Zz-b-a-{Inbw II
AXv hopw shs Bh-cWw sNm-Xn-cn-p-n-. 22. AkXv Ievt]m hnI-evt]mbw I
AXp-t]mse _pn-am-\mb hynbpw {_-\n-jvT-bn
hniz-an-tXy- I-h -kvX p\m I
\nv sXn-am-dn-bm amb Ahs\ Bh-cWw sNm-Xn-cn\nhn-Imtc \ncm-Imtc I
p-I-bn- .
16. PohtXm bky ssIheywI

hntZtlm f ]n k tIhex I
kam-[n-\n-jvT-Xm-taXy I
\nhn-Ievt]m `hm-\L II
17. Am-\-lr-Zb {Kt
\nxtij-hn-e-b-kvXZm I
kam-[n\m hnI-evt]\ I
bZm-ssZz-Xm--Zi\w II
18. X{Xm-Xzw ZrVo-Iph\ I
Aam-Znjp kwXy-P I
DZm-ko-\X
- bm tXjp I
XnjvtTXv LS-]-Sm-Zn-hXv II
19. {_m-Zn-kvXw_ ]cyw I
arjm-am{Xm D]m-[bx I
XXx ]qw kzam-m\w I
]tiy-tZ-Im-\m nXx II

\nhn-titj `nZm IpXx II

23. Zr-Zi-\-Zr-iym-Zn
`mh-iqt\y \ncm-atb I
Iev]mh Chm-Xyw I
]cn-]qt NnZm-\m II
24. tXP-koh Xtam b{X I
hneo\w {`mn ImcWw I
AZzn-Xotb ]tc XtXz I
\nhn-tij `nZm-IpXx II
25. GIm-tI ]tc XtXz I
t`Z-Im IYw htkXv I
kpjp]vXu kpJ-am-{Xmbmw I
t`Zx I\m-h-tem-InXx II
kzIo-ba
- mb Bm-hn Xs kIe hkvXp--fpsSbpw {]XoXn tIhew Btcm-]n-X-am-Ip-p. AXv Zpco-I-cnm kzbw ]qhpw AssZz-Xhpw {Inbm-iq-\y-hp-amb
]c- {_- - am- Im km[n- pw. Htc B- cq- ]- n- ep hkvXp-

370

I hn PK-{Zq-]-amb hnIev]w tXmp-Xv anYy-bm-W.v Fs-

31. Bew-_-\X
- bm `mXn I
m \nhn-Im-chpw \ncm-Im-chpw Ah-b-h-c-ln-X- hp-amb
tbm f kvaXv {]Xy-b-i-_vZtbmx I
hkvXp-hn F-s\-bmWv t`Zw kw`-hn-pI? NnZm-mhv
AxIc-W- kw-`n-
{Zmhv Zi\w Zriyw Fo `mh--fn-m-Xpw \ntmt_m[x kXyw ]Zm`n[x II
jhpw {]f-bk
- -ap{Zw t]mse ]cn-]q-hp-am-W-Xv. BImi-n A-Imcw hnebw {]m]n-p--Xp-t]mse ]c-a-X- 32. ambm-hntZy hnlm-ssbh I
Xz-n {`a-ns ImcWw hnebw {]m]n-p-p. AXv
D]m-[n-]-c-Po-htbmx I
Ah- b- h- c- ln-X-amWv AXn-\m AXn Fs\ t`Zw DmAJw kn-Zm-\w I
Im-\mWv? kpjp-]vXn-kp-J-cq-]a
- m-Wv. AXn Bcv t`Zw
]cw {_ hne-ytX II
ImWpp?
33. Cw hmssIy-kvX-Ymm-\p
26. Nn-aqtem hnI-evt]mbw I
km\w {ihWw `thXv I
Nnm-`mth \I-\ I
bpym kw`m-hn-X-Xzm-\p
AX-nw klm-t[ln I
km\mw a\\w Xp XXv II
{]Xy-{Kqt] ]cm-\n II
34. Xm`ymw \nhn-Nn-In-tyt I
27. AJ-m-\--am-m\w I
tNXkx m]n-Xky bXv I
hnmb kzkz-cq-]Xx I
GI-Xm-\-Xz-ta-Xn I
_ln-cx kZm-\ I
\nZn-[ym-k-\-ap-NytX II
ckm-kzm-Z-\-am-\n II
35. [ymXr-[ymt\ ]cn-XyPy I
28. sshcm-Kyky ^ew t_mt[m I
{IamXv t[yssbI tKmNcw I
t_m[-tkym-]-cXnx ^ew I
\nhm-X-Zo-]-h- nw I
kzm\-m-\p-`-hmXv imn I
kam-[n-c-`n-[o-btX I
tcssj-thm-]-ctX ^ew II
29. bZyp-tcm- -cm-`mth I
]qh-cq]w Xp \njv^ew I
\nhr-nx ]cam Xr]vXn I
cm\-tm- f \p-]axkzXx II
30. amtbm-]m-[n PK-tZym\nx I
kh--Xzm-Zn-e-Wx I
]mtcm-y-i-_ex kXym
Zym-I-kvXZv ]Zm`n[x II

Xs kw_-n-p A\p-`-hhpw i_vZm-{i-bhpw

AxIcW kw`n m\- tm-Sp- Iq-SnbXpamb Pohs\
"Xzw' F \ne-bn hn--s-Sp ]c-am-m-hn\v "amb'
Fpw Poh\v "AhnZy' Fpw cv D]m-[n-I-fp-v. Ch
ssIhn-m AJ--k-n-Zm-\--abm ]c-{_w eo-I-cnpw. Cs\ XXv Xzakn Fo hmIy--fm Poh-{_ss-Iy-cq-]-n-ep Advw A\p-k-m\w sNp-XmWv {iWw. tI-Xns Aw bpn-]qw Nnn-p-XmWv a\-\w. {ih-Wa
- -\-\
- -fm kwi- b-cl
- n-X-ambn
knn A-n Nnw m]n-p-d-n-p--XmWv
\nZn-[ym-k-\w. [ymXm-hn-s\bpw [ym\-sbpw Dt]-nv
Nnw tIhew t[yb-s-s hnj-b-cq-]-ambn Icp-XWw. ]ns Imn-m m\v m]n Zo]w t]mse
\n-am-bn-cn-Ww. AXv kam-[n-bm-Wv.

Nn-amWv Cu hnI-ev]-n\v aqe-Im-c-Ww. Nn-ans-n bmsXmcp hn[ hn-e]

v -hp-an-. AXn-\m \o {]XyKvkz-cq-]-amb ]c-am-m-hn Nns GIm-{K-am-p-I.
AJ-m-\ kzcq-]-amb Bmhv kzkz-cq-]-am-sW-dnv Cu Bm-hn Xs _mlym-`y- - c- ambn Ftmgpw
36. hr-bkvXp XZm-\oa I
B\--c- k-am- kz- Zn-p-I. sshcm-Ky- ns ^ew m\hpw
]ymXm B-tKm-Ncm I
m\-ns ^ew D]-cX
- n-bp-am-Wv. Bm-\-\
- p-`q-Xnbm knn-p imn-bmWv D]-c-Xn-bpsS ^ew apn
kvac-Wm-Z-\p-ao-b t I
kqNn-n--h-bn D-tcm--c-ambn Hp-an-s-n BZyhyn-Xky kap- nXm II
h-kvXp-\n-jv^-e-am-Wv. hnj-b--fn \nv hnapn t\Sp- Xn-emWv ]c-a- Xr]vXn Bm- \w Aap- ]- a-am-Ip- p. amtbm- 37. A\m-Zm-hnl kwkmtc I
knXm I tImSbx I
]m-[n-tbm-Sp-I q-Sn-bXpw PK-ns Dev]-n- m-\hpw
kh-m-XzmZn e-W-bp-nhpw ]mtcmy i_-fhpw
At\\ hnebw bmn I
kXym-Zn-kz-cq-]-h-p-amb ]c-am-mhp Xs-bmWv XXv
iptm [tm hnhtX II
F i_vZ-m Adn-b-s-Sp--Xv.

371

I 38. [ taL-anaw {]mlp I

kam[nx tbmK-hn-ax I

CZw-`m-h-kvXZ- -\ytI I

hj-tXyj bYm [m I

bky t\m `hXx Izm]n I

arX-[mcm kl-{kix II

k Poh-px DNytX II

39. Aap\m hmk-\m-Pmte I

\nxtijw {]hn-eo-btX I
kaq-tem-q-entXm ]pWy I
]m]mtJy I-k-tb II
40. hmIy-a-{]-Xn-_w kXv I
{]mIv ]tcm-m-h-Zm-ktX I
Icm-a-eI
- -hXv t_m[ I
a]-tcmw {]kq-btX II
kam-[n-bn hrn-I B cq]-hn-bp---fm-Wv.
AXp-sImv Hpw tXmp-n-. Fm kam-[n-bn
\np-W hyn-bpsS Dm-]n-X-hr-n-I kvac-WsImv A\p-am-\n-mw. Cu A\m-Zn-{]-]--n tImSn-W-n\v I- kn-X- am-Wv. Fm Cu kam[n
aptJ\ Ah-sbmw \-am-bn-tm-Ip-p. ip-[-
hn-p-p. D-a-tbm-K-th-m- kam-[nsb [ta-L-sav ]d-bp-p. ImcWw AXv taL-sa-tmWw
At\Iw kl{kw [mc-I-tfmsS hjn-p-p. kam-[n- bn
hmk-\m-ka
- q-l- ]q-ambpw hnebw {]m]n-p-p.
]m]-]p-Wy-I-k-aq-l \in-n--s-Sp-tm B
Xz-akn F hmIyw BZyw ]tcm--m-\-cq-]-n
{]Im-in-p-p. ]ns ssIbnse s\n--sb-tmse
\njv{]bmkw A]-tcm m\w e`n-p-p.

41. hmk-\m-\p-Ztbm t`mtKy I

sshcm-Kyky XZm-h[n I
Alw-`m-thm-Zbm `mthm I
t_m[ky ]c-am-h[nx II
42. eo\-hr-t-c-\p-ev] -n I
acym-tZm-]-c-tXkvXp km I
nX-{]tm bXn-cbw I
bx kZm-\-a
- -iv\ptX II
43. {_-tWyh hneo-\mm I
\nhn-Imtcm hn\n-jv{Inbx II
44. \nhn-Iev]m N Nnm-{X
hrnx {]tXn IYytX I
km khZm `th-Zyky k I
Poh-p CjytX II

45. tZtl-{n-t b-jz-lw-`mhx I

t`mKy]Zm- - fn Xmev]cyw Dm- I- cp-Xv. As\

Xmev]cyw Dm-Im-Xn-cp-m sshcm-Ky-am-bn. Alw-`mhw
Dm-Im ]mSn-. Alw-`mhw Xosc-bn-m-Xm-bm AXv
m\-ns ]cm ImjvT-b m-Wv. AXp-t]mse ebw
{]m]n hrn-I hopw Dm-I-cp-Xv. AXv D]-c-Xn-bpsS
Ah-[n-bm-W.v As\ nX-{]--\mb bXn B\--a-\p`-hn-p-p. {_-n a\v ebn-h
- \nhn-Im-c\pw
\njv{In-b-\p-am-bn-cn-pw. {_hpw Poh\pw tim[n--sv
cn-sbpw GIo-`m-h-n eo\-amb hrn-hn-Iev] clnXhpw ssNX-\y-cq-]-hp-am-Ip-p. Atm AXv {] Fv
]d-bs
- -Sp-p. Bcn-emtWm Cu {] khZm DXv
Ah Poh-p--\m-Wv. tZtl-{n-bm-Zn-I-fn Alw-`m-han-m--h\pw CX-msX A\y-]-Zm--fn CXv FsXm-Wv F `mh-an-m--h\pw Poh-p--\m-Ip-p.

46. \ {]XyKv {_-tWm t`Zw I

IZm]n {_-ktbmx I
{]bm tbm hnPm-\mXn I
k Poh-p CjytX II
47. km[p`nx ]qPy-amt\ f kvan I
]oUy-am-t\ f ]n ZpPss\x I
ka-`mthm `th-Zyky I
k Poh-p CjytX II
48. hnmX {_ XXzky I
bYm-]qhw \ kwkrXnx I
AkvXn tN k hnmXx I
{_ `mthm _ln apJx II
49. kpJm-Zy-\p-`thm bmh I
mhXv {]mc-_v[-an-jytX I
^tem-Zbx {Inbm-]qthm I
\njv{Intbm \ln Ip{X-NnXv II
50. Alw {_tXn hnm-\mXv
Iev]-tImSn iXmnXw I
knXw hnebw bmXn I
{]t_m-[mXv kz]v\-I-hXv II
Pohm-]c
- -am- m- Hm-sWpw {_-n\p
krnpw Xn t`Z-an-spw _pn-sImv Adn-bp-h-\mWv Poh-p-. k-\-M-A-M ]qPn-mepw ZpP-

372

I \- ]oUn-n-mepw kZm kI-e-tcmSpw ka-`m-h\

mt\m-Z-b-n-\p-ti-jhpw ^ew \Ip-p. Rm AP]pep-- h- \mWv Poh-p- . {_ XXzw {Kln--hs c-\m-W,v Rm Aa-c-\m-Wv, F \ne ssIh--h BZrn-bn {]]w app I-Xp-t]m-se-b ImW-s-Sp- cq-]-\m-Ip-p. Ah\v {]mc_v[ I k-ev]- FhnI. Ah app-I-- Xp-t]mse Xs- bmWv {]]w ImWp- sS-bmWv? m\nv {]mc_v[ I--fp- ambn _w C
-sX- n Ah {_-`mhw Adn- n-n- . tIhew Xs.
_lnap-J-\m-W-h. kpJm-Zy-\p-`q-Xn-I Dn-S-tmfw
56. {]mc_v[w knyXn XZm I
{]mc_v[ Ihpw Dv. ImcWw Hmtcm ^tem- Z-bhpw kw`bZv tZlm-\m nXnx I
hn-p- -X v {Inbm-] qh-amWv. {Inb-Iq-SmsX ^e-an- .
tZlm--`mthm ss\thw I
DW-Xn-\p-tijw kz]v\-nse {Inb Ah-km-\n-p-Xp-t]mse ""Rm {_-am-Wv. F t_m[w P\n-p-I-gn{]mc_v[w XyPy-Xm-aXx II
m tImSn--W-n\v PwsImv Bn kn-X57. {]mc_v[ Iev]-\m-]yky I
I-fpw \in-p-t]m-Ip-p.

51. kza-kw-K-ap-Zm-ko\w I
]cn-mb \t`m bYm I
\ n-jytX bXnx InnXv I
IZm-NnXv `mhn I`nx II
52. \ \t`m LS-tbm-tK\ I
kpcm-K-t\ en]ytX I
XYm f tm]m[n tbmtK\ I
Xtm ss\h en]ytX II
53. mt\m-Z-bm-Xv]p-cm-c_v[w I
I m\m\n \iyXn I
AZXzm kz^ew ey I
apn-tiym-r--_-W-hXv II
54. hym{Lm-_pym hn\naptm
_mWx]mp tKmaXu I
\ XnjvTXn `n\-tXyh I
eyw thtK\ \n`cw II
55. AP-t cm-kva y-a-tcm-kvaoXn I
b Bm\w {]]-ZytX I
XZm-\m XnjvT-tXmky IpXx I
{]mc-_v[-I -ev]\m II

tZhky {`mn-tch ln II
58. A[y-kvXky IpX-kvX Xz I
ak-Xyky IptXm-P\nx I
APm-Xky IptXm \mix I
{]c-_v[-a-kXx IpXx II
59. mt\\ m\-Im-cyky I
kaq-eky etbm bZn I
XnjvT-Xybw IYw tZl I
CXn i-htXm PUm II
{]mc_v[w Dmbn-cn-p-Xv tZl-n B-_p-nbp--tm-fm-W.v Fm ico-c- n B-`mhw k-e]
v npI Hcn-epw {]nb-a-. AXn-\m tZl-nse B_pn XyPnv {]mc-_v[- Iw XyPn- p- I. tZl-{`mn PohnI-fpsS {]mc-_v[-I-k-ev]w am{X-am-W.v Fm {`mnbm k-n- -s-Xv kXy-am-Ip- -sX-s\? kXy-a-m- Xn\v P-sa-hnsS? P-an-m-- Xn\v \mi-sa- hnsS? Cs\
Akpw AhkvXp cq]hpw Bb Hn\v Fhn-sS-bmWv
{]mc_v[ Iw? icocw Am-\I
- m-cy-amWv? m\m AXv kaqew \-am-bm ]ns tZl-ns \ne\nsv? Cns\ kwi-bn-p m\n-Iv kam[m- \-am-bn-p {ipXn _mly-Zrym {]mc-_v[-s- n {]kvXmhn-n-p-v .

60. kam-[mXpw _mly-Zrym I

Xm BIm-i-sa- tmWw Akw-K-\m- sWv \- t]mse
{]mc_v[w hZ-Xn-{ipXnx I
{Klnv tbmKn `mhn-I--fn Aev]hpw en]vX-\m-Ip\Xp tZlmZn kXyXz I
n-. aZy-Ipw-`-n ImW-s-Sp BImiw aZy-K-t_m[-\mb hn]-nXmw II
m en]vX-am-Ip-n-. AXp-t]mse D]m[n tbmK-m
Bmhv AXns [-- fm en]vX-\m-In-. eyw ap 61. ]cn-]q-a -\m-Zy I
\nn hn-_ mWw eyw t`Zn- pw. AXp-t]mse
a{]-ta-b-a-hn-{Inbw I
mt\m-Z-b-n\p apv sN-s I- mt\m-ZkZvL\w NnZvL\w \nXy I
b-n-\p-tijw ^ew \Ipw. sNbvX- Xns ^ew Fmam\ L\-a-hybw II
bmepw A\p-`-hn-Ww. m\w sImv I-\miw kw`-

hn-p-n-. ISp-hsb Dt-inv Ab Av ]ip-hn-emWv

sIm- sXv t_m[yw hmepw XS-bm km[y- a-. _mWw
eyw XIpw, AXp- t ]mse sN- s Iw

62. \n KpWw \njv{Inbw kqvaw I

\nhn-Iev]w \nc-RvP\w I

373

AXn-cq-]y-kz-cq]w b
at\m hmNm atKm-Ncw II
63. kXv karw kzXx knw I
ipw _p at\m Zriw I
GI-ta-hm-Zzbw {_ I
t\l \m\mkvXn In\ II
64. kzm\p-`qXym kzbw mXzm I
kzam-m-\-a-J-nXw I
kknx kkpJw XnjvT I
\nhn-I-ev]m--\m-\n II
65. Iz KXw tI\ hm \oXw I
Ip{X eo\-anZw PKXv I
A[p-ss\h abm Zrw I
\mkvXn Inw al-Z-Zv`pXw II
66. Inw tlbw Inap-]m-tZbw I
Ina-\yXv Inw hne-Ww I
AJ-m-\-- ]o-bp-j
]q {_ almth
_mly-Zrym tZlm-Zn-I kXy-amWv Fv m\nIsf Xr]vXn-s-Sp-m ]d-bp-p-. hmkvX-h-n ]cn]qhpw A\m-Zy-hpw A{]-ta-bhpw Ahn-{I-bhpw
kZvL-\hpw NnZvL-\hpw \nXyhpw B\-L
- -\hpw Ahybhpw GI-c-khpw ]qhpw A\-hpw kh-tXm-apJhpw Atl-bhpw A\p-]m-tZ-bhpw A\m-t[-bhpw A\m{i-bhpw \nKp-Whpw \njv{In-bhpw kqvahpw BWv
{_w. Cs\ kzm\p-`q-Xn-bn kzbw kzmm-hns\
AJ- n-X-sap IcpXn knn {]m]nv \nhn-Iev] kzcq]-amb Bm- hn kpJ- ]qhw nXn sNp Kpcp-hns
D]-tZiw tIv injy m\n-bm-bn-ov ]d-p. Cu
temIs Rm Ctm I- Xm-Wv. AXv Fhn- sS- tmbn?
AXns\ Bsc-Spp? AsX-s\ hnebw {]m]np? AXnmsX t]mbXv ApXw Xs. AJ--amb B\-m-ar-X-

m ]q-amb Cu {_-am-Ip kap-{Z-n F\nv

FmWv XyPn-m-\p-Xv? FmWv kzoI-cn-m-\p-Xv
thsd-m-Wp-Xv? hne W-am-bn-p--sX-mWv?

68. \ Inn-Z{X ]iyman I

\ irtWman \th-Zvaylw I
kzm-ss\h kZm-\ I
cqt]-Wmkvan kze-Wx II
69. Akw-tKm f la\w tKm f l
aenwtKm f l alw lcnx I
{]imtm f la-\-tmlw I
]cn-]q-n-c-\x II
70. AIm f la-t`m-m-l
ahn-I mtcm f la-h ybx I
iptm t_m[ kzcqt]m f lw I
tIhtem f lw kZm-inhx II
71. GXmw hnZymw A]m--c-X-amb ZZu. A]m--cXtam {_tW ZZu. {_m-tLm-cmw-Kn-ctk ZZu.
tLmcmw-Kncmx sscIzmb ZZu. ssctIzm-cm-amb ZZu.
cmax ktht`ymx `qtXt`ym ZZm-hn-tXy-X-nhm-Wm\p-im-k\w thZm-\p-im-k\w thZm-\p-im-k-\-an-Xyp]-\ n-j-v.
Rm ChnsS Hpw Adn-bp-n-. tIp-n-.
ImcWw Rm kZm B\--kz-cq-]-amb kzm-cq-]-n
Xs-bmWv Rm kzbw kze--W-bp-X-\m-Wv. Rm
Akw-K\pw Ai-co-c\pw Aenw-K\pw lcn-bp-amWv Rm
F{Xbpw im\pw A\-\pw Nnc--\-\p-am-Wv. Rm
Im-h-. t`mm-h. Rm \nhn-Im-c\pw Ahn-\minbpw ip\pw m\-kz-cq-]-\p-am-Ip-p. Rm tIhew
kZm-in-h-\m-W.v Cu hnZy Kpcp injy-\mb A]m-- c-X- a\v
sImSp-p. A]m--c-X-a {_m-hn\pw {_mhv tLmcmwKn-c-n\pw tLmcmw-Kn- cv sscIz\pw sscIz cma\pw cma
kakvX {]mWn-Ipw \In. As\ CXv \nhm-Wm\p-im- k-\- am-Wv. thZm- \p-im-k- \-am-W,v thZm-\p-im- k-\- am-Wv.
Aym-tm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

374

I
1

AZz-b-Xm-c-tIm-]-\n-jv3

imn-]mTw
Hmw. ]q-aZx ]q-anZw ]qmXv ]qap-Z-Nyp-tX. ]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]q-ta-hmh
injytX Hmw imnx imnx imnx
Cu ]c-{_w ]q-am-Wv. Cu {]]w ]q-amWv. ]q-{_-
- n \npw ]q-{]-]w Dm-bn.
]q- n \nv ]qs FSp-mepw ]qw Xs
Ah-ti-jn-p-p. Hmw imnx imnx imnx

1. AYm tXm Zzb Xmc-tIm-]\

- n-jZw
hymJym-kymtam bXtb PntX-{n-bmb ia-ZamZn jUv KpW-]qm-b.
2. NnXvkz-cqt]m lanXn kZm `mhbv kayMv
\nao-e n-X mx Inn-Zp- o-en-X mtm hm
ZrjvSym {`qZ-lc
- m-Zp-] co kn-Zm-\ tXPx IpScq]w ]cw {_-ht- em-Ibw kvX{Zpt]m `h-Xn.
3. K`-P-P
- c
- m-aW kwkm-ca
- -lZv `bmXv kwXm-cbXn XXvkm Xmc-I -an-Xn. Poth-izcu ambnIu
h n mb k h - h n- t i j w t\ Xn t\ XoX n
hnlmb bZ-h-in-jytX XZ-Zzbw {_.
4. Xssy ey {Xbm\p km\x Ihyx
A\-cw AZz-b-Xm-c-tIm-]-\n-j-n-s\-n hni-Zo-Icn-mw. AXv PntX-{n-b-mcpw ia-Za
- mZn jUvKp-Wb
- p-cp-am-bn-p kw\ym-kn-Iv thn-bp--Xm-Wv. IpI AStm ]IpXn AStm B-cZ- r-jvSn-sImv ]pcnI-v apI-fn- ep m\v "Rm NnXvkz-cq-]- \mWv'
Fv \nc-cw Nnn-p-sImv kn-Zm-\ tXPx kzcq]-amb ]c-{_- s Zin-m X{Zq]w e`n- p-p.
GsXmcp a{w K`-P Pcm-a-cW kwkm-cmZn alm-]m-]-fn \npw XcWw sNn-n-p-Xv AXv Xmc-I-{_-sav ]d-b-s-Sp-p. Poth-iz-c
- m ambn-I-am-sW-dnv ap--sXmw "t\Xn' "t\Xn' Fp ]d-p-sImv
tijn-p-s
- X-mtWm AXmWv {_w. AZzb {_kn- np aqp ey- A\p-k - m\w sNt- Xp- v.

5. tZl-at[y {_-\mUo kpjpav\m kqcy-cq-]nWo

]q N{m`m h-tX. km Xp aqem-[m-cm-Zmc`y {_-c { Kman\o `h-X n. Xt[y XSnXv
tI mSn- k - a m\ I m y m ar W m- f - k q- { X - h X v
kqvamwKo IpWvU-en-\oXn {]kn-m-kvXn. Xmw
ZrjvS zm a\- s skh \cx kh-] m-h n-] -\ m-i -Z zmc

aptm `h-Xn. ^mtem[z Kf-e -emS hnti-j -aWvUte \nc-cw tXP-kvXm-cI

- t- bmK hnkv^p-ctW\ ]iyXn tNXv kntm `h- X n. XP- \ yt{Kmao-enX I c{-Zztb X{X-^ qXv Imc
i_vtZm Pmb-tX. X{X-ntX a\kn Np a[yKX \oe-tPymXnx ew hntem-Iym- ZrjvSym
\nc-Xn-ib kpJw {]m]vt\m-Xn. Ghw lrZtb ]iA-b-Xn. Gh-a-q eWw apapp `ncq-]m-kyw.
tZl-ns a[y-n kpjpav\ F {_-\mUn
]q-N-{-s\-tmWw {]Im-i-bp--ambn nXn-sN-pp. AXv aqem-[m-c-n \nm-cw-`nv {_-c{w hsc
t]mIp-p. Cu \mUn-bp-sS a[y-n tImSn an ]nWcn\p Xpey-ambn Imn-tbmSp IqSn-bXpw Xmac hfbw
t]mse kqva-hp-amb {]i-kvX-amb IpWvU-en\o in
nXn-sN-p-p. a\km AXv Zin-m a\p-jy ]m]hn-ap--\mbn Xocp-p. s\n-bpsS apI-fn Hcp hnti-ja-WU
v - e-n kv^pcn-p-sIm-n-cn-p tXP-ns\ XmcI-tbm-K-kv^p-c-W-m Im Ah kn-\m-bn-ocpw. cp sNhn-bpsS Zzmc-fpw Nqp-hn-ce
- ns A{Kw
sImv AS-m Hcp ^pXvIm-c-i_vZw tImw. AXn
a\-p-d
- npw Ip-If
- psS a[y-n-ep \oe tPymXn
m\s AZrjvSym ImWp ]w At
As kpJw e`n-p-p. A{]-Imcw lrZ-b-n Zinm Ignbpw C-s\-bp Ae--Ws tamw
Cn-p--h D]m-kn-t--Xm-W.v

6. AY _lney eWw \mkn-Im-t{K-NX

- p`nx
jUv `nc-jvS-`n Zi-`n ZzmZ-i`n: {IamZw Kpemt
\oe-ZypXn iymaXz kZrKv c `wKo-kv^p-cXv ]oXip--h Ztbm t]X thyma-bZ- n-]i
- yXn k Xp
tbmKn `h-Xn. Ne-ZrjvSym thyma-`mK honXpx
]pcp-jky ZrjvSyt{K tPymXna-bqJmx h-t.
Xi-t\\ tbmKo `h-Xn. X]vX Im\ kmi
tPymXna-bpJm A]mw Kmt `qau hm ]iy-Xn.
XZvZrjvSnx ncm `h-Xn. iotjm ]cn ZzmZ-imwKpe kao- n- X p- c - a r- X Xzw `h- X n. b{X Ip{X
kvYnXky inckn thyma tPymXn ZrjvSw tNXv
kXp-tbmKo `h-Xn.
_mly e-W
- -sf-n ]d-bp-p. aqns A{K`m-K-p-\npw bYm-{Iaw \mev, Bdv, Fv, ]v, ]{v
AwKpew AI-e-n Idppw \oebpw hw t]mepXpw Npa hns \ndw IeXpw AtXm-sSmw
a, shfpv Cu \ndw tXmn-p--Xp-amb {]Imiw

375

I BIm-i
- n ImWp-h
- tbmKn-bm-bn-o-cpw. N-eZrjvS ym BIm-i - p-t \m-n-bm {]Im-i -In-c-W-
ImWmw. AXp ImWp-h
- tbmKn-bm-Ipw. ZrjvSn-bpsS
A{K-`m-Kv Npp-]-gp-n kz-n-s\m tPymXnabqJ ImWp-tm B ZrjvSn nc-am-Ip- p. Xebvv
apI-fn ]{-w-Kpew AsIe tPymXnns\ ImWp-h Aar-XXzw {]m]n-p-p. FhnsS \nmepw sImmw.
Xe-bvp apI-fn thyma-tPym-Xnp ImWp--h tbmKnbmbn `hn-p-p.

7. AY a[y ey- e - - W w. {]mXn {XmZn

hm JWvU kqcy-N-{I-hZv hn Pzmem heoh Zznlo-\m- -co--a-Xv. ]iyXn XZm-I m-c m-I mcn-Xbm Ah-Xj
- vT-Xn. XXv `qtbm Zi-t\\ KpWc-ln-Xm-Imiw `h-Xn. hnkv^p-c-m-c-Im-Imc kwZo]y-am-\m-KmV Xtam-]aw ]c-am-Imiw `h-Xn. Imem\-e-k-a-tZym-X-am\w alm-Imiw `h-Xn. kthm-XvIrjv S-]c
- -a-ZypXn {]tZym-X-am\w XXzm-I miw `h-Xn.
tImSn-kq-cy-{]-Imi ssh`h kmiw kqcym-Imiw
`hXn. Ghw _mlym-`y- -c - -thyma ]Iw
XmcI eyw. Xio hnap--^-ek
- X
v m-Zr-Kvthyma
kamt\m `h-Xn. Xkva m- m-c I Gh ey aa
\kv I ^e- { ]Zw `h- X n. Xm- c Iw Zznhn[w
]qhm[ XmcIw D-cm[w AW-\k
- vIc tNXn.
XtZj tmtIm `h-Xn.
8. XtZymKw NZzn[m hnn-]qthm-cw hn[m-\Xx
]qhw Xp XmcIw hnZym Z a\kvIw XZp--ca
- nXn.
a[y-ey e-W
- {]`m-X-Im-ev Nn{Xm-Znh-bp-a
- mb AJWvU kqcy N{Iw t]msebpw
An Pzme-t]m-sebpw Ah-bn-msX BIm-i-n\p Xpeyambpw ImW-s-Spw. B `mh-n nc-ambn \nevmw.
AXns Ii-\-m hopw \nKp-Wm-Im-c-ambn Xocpp. Xnf-p \{Xw t]mse {]Im-in-Xhpw {]`m-Xnse Ccp-p-t]m-se-bp-amWv Nc-am-Im-iw. alm- Im- i-am-Is
Imem-\-e-s\mw {]Im-i-am-\- am-Wv. XXzm-Imiw DXvIrjvS
{]Im-i-amXpw {]J-c-tPym-Xnv tN-Xp-am-Ip-p.
kqcym-Imiw tImSm-\p-tImSn kqcy-m-cpsS {]Im-i
- n\v
Xpey-am-Wv. Cs\ ]pdpw AI-p-ap Cu ]mIm-i-fpw Xmc-I-e-y-am-Wv. CX-\p-k-cnv BIm-is
ImWp-h
- AXn-s\-tmse _-\-ap--\m-bn-o-cpw.
Cs\ Cu Xmc-I-tbmKw cp-hn-[-ap-v. ]qhmsapw D-cm-sa-pw, CXn-s\-p-dn-p tmI-
Cu tbmKw ]qh-sapw D-cs
- apw cp-hn-[-am-Wv.
]qhs Xmc-I-sapw D-cs Aa-\-kvI-sapw ]dbp-p.

9. Ay--kvXm-c-I-tbm-{ kqcy {]Xn-^-e\w

`h-Xn. Xmcm`yw kqcy-N{ aWvUe Zi\w {_mWvU - a nh ]nWv U mWv U intcm- a -[ y- m- I mti

chop aWvU -ae Zzntb akvXoXn \nn-X y-X m-cIm`ymw Xi\ am{X-a m-W yp` ssbIy- Z rjvSym
at\m-bpw [ymtb-Xv. XtZymKm `mth C{n-b-{]ht-c-\-h-Im-im-Xv. Xkvam-Z-ZrjvS ym XmcI
Ghm\p ktbx

Ip-I-fpsS IrjvWa
- W
- n-bm \mw kqcy-N-{-msc
ImWp-p-v. Ip-I- fm \mw _mly-{_- lvam-WvU- nse
kqcy-N-{-msc Zin-p--Xp-t]mse Xs inc-m-Ip
{_m-WvU-ns a[y-n nXn-sN-p kqcy-N-{msc \n-bnv Ahsb Zin-p-Ibpw cpw Hp-Xs-bm-sWp IcpXn a\km Ahsb [ym\n-p-Ibpw
thWw. Fs-m a\-ns\ Cs\ `mh-\b
- p--ambn
t\mn-bn-s-n C{n-b- hnj-b--fn {]hnp
XpS-pw. AXn-\m km[-I AZrjvSym Xmc-I-ss A\p-k-m\w sNt--Xp-v.
10. Xm-c Iw Zznhn-[ w. aqn Xmc-I -a -a qn
XmcIw tNXn. b{Zn- {n-b mw XXv aq- naXv
bZ{Zp bpKm-X oXw XZ-a qn-a Xv kh-{ Xmx
]Zm hnth-Nt\ at\m bpm-`ymk CjytX
Xmc-bm`ymw kZp[z kX-Xz-Zi-\m at\m
bpt- \ m cotW kn- X m- \ kzcq]w
{_sshx Xkva mXv ip-tX-tPm-abw {_tXn
knw XZv {_ a\x kl-I mcn Np-j m-
ZrjvSym thZyw `h-Xn. Gh-a-aqn-Xm-cI
- a
- -hn-a-t\mbp-t\ Nqssjh `l-Zm-cm-ZnIw thZyw `hXn. cq]-{K-lW {]tbm-P\
- ky a\-
- pc Zo\-XzmXv. _mly-h -Zm-tc ]ym a\ p ktbmtK-ss\h cq]-{K-lW
- -Im-tcym-Zb
- m-Xv. Xkvam-t- \mbp-m-Zr-jvSn-kvXm-cI {]Imtim `h-Xn.
aq-sapw Aaq-sapw XmcIw cp-hn-[-nep-v. C{n-b--fpsS A-c-n-ep-Xv aqn-Xm-c-I-hpw,
cp-]q-cn-I-pw shfn-bn-embn ImWp-Xv AaqnXm-c-Ih
- p-am-Wv. Fm-bn-Spw Dnse ]Zm--fpsS
hnth-N-\-m at\m-bp--amb A`ymkw Bh-iy-am-W.v
kXy-Zi-\m--I-amb a\-n-\m A\n-co- Ww
sNbvXm cp Xmc-I--fp-sSbpw apI-fn kn-Zm-\-kz-cq-]a
- mb {_s Zin-mw. AXn\npw {_lvaw
iphpw tXtPm-a-bh
- p-am-sWv kn-am-bn. B {_s
at\m-bp--ambn Np-p-If
- psS AZrjvSym I-dnb-Ww. Aaqn-Xm-c-Ihpw CtX-hn[w at\m-t\-{X--fm
Adn-tb-X
- p-v. cq]-Zi-\-hn-j-b-n a\v Np-pIv A[o-\-am-Wv. shfn-bn-ep--Xp-t]mse AIpw
cq]-{K-l -W -Im-cy- \S-p- p. AXn-\ m at\m-b p-a mb Np-pIfn Xs-bmWv Xmc-I-{]-Im-i-sap
]d-bmw.

11. {`qbp-Ka
- -[y-_nte ZrjvSnw XZzm-tcm[z-n-tXtXP Bhn`qXw Xmc-It- bmtKm `h-Xn. tX\ kla-t\m-bpw XmcIw kpkw-tbmPy {]b-X vt \\

376

I {`qbpw kmh-[m-\-Xbm InwNn-Zq[z-ap-Xtv -]t- bXv. CXn ]qh-`mKo Xmc-I-tbmKx Dcw Xzaqn
aZ-a-\kvX aZ-a-\kvX CXyp-Ny-tX. Xmep-aq-tem[z`mtK alm tPymXn abptJm h-tX. XZvtbmKn-`nt[ybw Xkvam-ZWn amZn knn `h-Xn.

15.

cp ]pcn-I--fp-sSbpw a[y-m-\-n\p apI-fn-em- 16.

bn-p--tX-P-ns\ Zin-p--XmWv Xmc-It- bm-K-e-yw.
kln-X-a-\km Xmc-Is kwtbm-Pn-nv bXv\-]qhw
cp ]pcn-I- - sfbpw Aev]w Db-Ww. apI `mKs
17.
AXm-bXv Aaqn-aXv `mKs Aa-\-kvI-sav ]d-bpp. Xmep-aq-e-ns Du[z-`m-K-n alm-tPym-Xn-ns
Inc-W-a-WvUew hn-p-p. AXmWv tbmKn-Iv 18.
t[yb-am-bn-p--X.v CXn-\m AWn-am-Zn-kn-n-Ifpw ssIhcp-p.
12. A _mly-e-tym-ZrjvSu \ntatjm tjhPn-Xmbmw kXymw imw`-ho-ap{Zm `h-Xn. Xq-{ZmcqV m\m-\n-hm-kmZv `qanx ]hn{Xm `h-Xn. XZv
ZrjvSzm kth temImx ]hn-{Xm. `h-n. XmZri
]c-a-tbm-Kn-]qP bky e`tX tkm ]n aptm
`h-Xn.

13. A ey-Pe
- -tPymXn kzcq]w `h-Xn. ]c-aKp-cp-]-tZ-ti\ kl-{kmtc Pe-tPym-Xn hm _pnKp-lm-\n-lnX tPymXn tPymXn hm tjmU-im Xpcob ssNX\yw hmeyw `h- n.
Xi\w kZm-Nm-cy-aqew

19.

tbmKtm tbmK-\n-jvT--k-Zm-tbm-Km--IxipNnx
Kpcp-`n kam-bpx ]pcpj tm
hnti-j Xx |
Ghw e-W-k --tm-Kp-cp-cp-Xy-`n-[o-btX
Kpi_vZ kvX-Imcx tkymXvcp k_vZkvX-n-tcm-[Ix |
A-Imc \ntcm-[-Xzm-ZvKp-cp-cp-Xy-`n-[o-btX
Kpcp-tch ]cw {_-Kp-cp-tc-hh ]cm-KXnx |
Kpcp-tch ]cm-hn-Zym-Kp-cp-tch ]cm-bWw
Kpcp-tch ]cm-Im-jvTm-Kp-cp-tch ]cw [\w |
bkvamXv XZp-]t- Z-jvSm-ku-Xk
- vamZv Kpcp-Xtcm
Kpcp CXn.
bx kIr-Zp-m-cb
- Xn Xky kwkmc tamN\w
`h-Xn. |
kh P-IrXw ]m]w XXv Wm tZh
\iy-Xn. |
khm Imam\ hm]vt\m-Xn. kh ]pcpjm knn |
`h-Xnb Ghw thtZ-Xyp-]-\n-jXv

bYm-n Kpcp-kZv Kpcp Fp ]d-bp-Xv thZk---X, hnjvWp-`-n, hna--c-Xzw, tbmK--X, tbmK\n-jvT-X, tbmKm--I-X, ]cn-ip-n, Kpcp-`-n, ]c-am-mhn {i, Ch tN-h-\m-W.v Kp i_vZ-ns Aw
_mlym-`ym-c eyw ImWp-hm-\p km[-Is A-Im-c-sa-m-Wv. "cp' F-Xn\v tcm[n-p-Xv Fpw.
ZrjvSn nc-am-Ip-tm imw`ho ap{Z kw`-hn-p-p. Cu AXm-bXv A-Im-cs AI-p--h-\mWv Kpcp. Kpcp
ap{Z tN m\n-bpsS \nhm-k-`qan ]cn-ip--sav Icp- Xs-bmWv {_w. ]c-aa
- mb KXn Kpcp-hm-W.v Kpcp Xs
X-s-Sp-p. Ahs\ ImWp--Xp-sIm-p-Xs kI-ecpw ]c-aK
- Xn; ]cm-hn-Zybpw Kpcp-hm-Wv. ]mcm-b-Wt- bm-Ky\pw
]cn-ip--cm-Ip-p. C-s\-bp tbmKnsb ]qPn-p--h Kpcp-hm-Wv. ]c-Im-jvT, ]c-a[
- \w Chbpw Kpcp-hm-Ip-p.
apn--[o-\-\m-Ipw. ]c-a-Kp-cp-hns D]-tZ-i-m kl- Kpcp t{ijvT-cn t{ijvT-\m-Wv. Hcn--se-nepw AXp-{k-Zf Ia-e
- n tjmU-i-Ie A ey-am-Ip-p. cn-m kwkm-c-tam-N\w e`n-pw. kIe P--fn-sebpw
D-am-Nm-cy-\n-eq-sStbm CXv ImWm km[n-q.
]m]- \in-pw. kIe Ima-\-Ifpw knn-pw. kIe
]pcp-jm-fpw ssIhcpw Cs\ Adn-bp-h
- \
- mWv
14. BNmtcym thZ-k
- t- m-hn-jvWp-`tm
D]\
nj
Z
v

m\n
Fv
Cu
D]\
nj
v
]db
p
p.
hna-cx |
AZz-b-Xm-c-tIm-]\
- n-jv kam-]n-p.

377

K
1

AYh-in-tcm-]-\n-jv 3

imn- ]mTw

tZh-m cp{Z temI-n-sen `K-hm cp{Z-t\mSv

tNmZnp: Av BcmWv? cp{Z ]d-p. Rm GI-\mWv
Hmw`Z{Zmw It`nx irWp-bma tZhm `{Zw
Rm `qX- `mhn h-am- \-Im- e--fn- ep- apv Rm\-msX Hcn]ty-am--`nb-P {Xmx nssc-c-ssK-kvXp--hmwSpw Hp-an-. Dns Dn nXn sNp-Xpw
k-kvX-\q-`n hytia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx kzkvXnx
kh-Zn-nepw hym]n-n-cn-p-Xpw Rm Xs \nXyhpw
\x Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkv Xn \x ]qjm hnizA\n-X y- h pw. hyhpw Ahy- hpw Rm Xs.
thZmx kzkvX n \ kvX mtym Acn t\anx
{_hpw A{_-hpw Ingv ]Sn-mdv hSv sXv
kzkvXn t\m _rl-kv]X
- n Z[mXp
apI`mKw Xmsg-`mKw hnZn-p-I ]pcp-j ]pcp-j-\-mtZh-m-sc, R ImXp- I sImv awKfw {ihn-m- Xv kv{Xo Fmw Rm Xs-bm-Wv. Kmb-{Xn, kmhn-{Xn,
\n-S-h-c-tW. Ip-I sImv awKfw ImWm-\n-S-hc
- -tW. A\p-p-],v PK-Xn, {Xnmhv XpS-nb O-p-Ifpw KmlkpZr-V--fmb AwK--f mepw tZl-mepw \nsf ]-Xym-n, Zn-Wm-n, Bl-h-\o-bmn Chbpw kXyw,
kvXpXn-p-sImv tZh-m \n-bn-n-p Bbpp apgp- ]ip Kuco-cq-]w, EIv, bPp-,v kmaw, AYhw Fo thZh\pw R A\p-`-hn-p-am-dm- ItW. alm-Io-am-\mb Ch-sbmw Rm\m-Ip-p. AwKn-c-kv, tPymjvT,
C{ Rv awKfw Acp-f tW. kh--\mb t{ijvT, hcn-jvT, Pew, tXP-v, irw]y, Ac-Wy,
]qjzmhv Rv awKfw \I-tW. A{]-Xn-tcm-[y-K-Xn- A-cw, cw, ]pjvI-cw, ]]n-{Xw, A{Kw, a[yw, _mlyw
bmb Kcp-U Rv awKfw \I-tW. _rl-kv]Xn ]ptcm-`m-Kw, tPymXn-cq-]w, khhpw Rm\m-Ip-p. Rm
Rv awKfw \ItW. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
kh hym]n-bm-Wv. Fs Adn-bp--h kh-tZ-h-mscbpw thZ-- sfbpw thZmw-K--sfbpw Adn-bp-p. Rm
1. tZhm l ssh kzw temI-am-bwkvtX cp{Z
{_m-Ws\ {_m-W-s\-smpw arKs arK-sa]r--tIm `hm-\n-Xn. tkm f {_ho-Z-l-taIx {]Ysmpw lhn-ns\ lhn-p-sImpw Bbp-jys
a-am-k n-Zyman N \m\yx Inatm hyXnBbpjyw sImpw kXys kXyw sImpw [s
cnx CXn. tkm f cm-Z-cw {]mhn-iyXv Zntim
[w sImpw Xr]vXn-s-Sp-p-p. tZh-m im-Ip-ehycw {]mhn- i - X v . tkm f lw \nXym- \ ntXym
cmbn At-l s t\mn [ym\np AXn-\ p-tijw
hym hytm- { _- mlw {_mlw {]mx
Dbnb ssII-tfmsS Ah kvXpXn-p.

{]Xytm f lw Zn-W DZtm f lw A[

tm[zw Nmlw Zni {]Xn-Zn-i
- mlw ]pam-\]p-am kv{Xnb-i--lw. Kmb-{Xylw kmhn-{Xyplw
{Xn]v PK- X y- \ p- j v S p]v Nmlw Otm f lw
KmltXym Zn- W mn cml- h - \ otbm f lw
ktXym f lw Kuclw Kucy-l-ar-Klw bPq-clw
kmam- l - Y hmw- K n- c - t kmlw tPymjv t Tm f lw
t{ijv t Tm f lw hcnjv t Tm f lw Bt]mlw
tXtPm f l Krtlym f la-ctWym f lw A-calw c-alw ]p]vI-c-alw ]hn-{X-alw A{Kw N
a[yw N _ln ]pc-k v X mXv tPymXn cl-tah
kth thyma-tah k kth kam tbm amw thZ
k tZhm thZ k khmw thZm kmwKm\]n {_ {_m-ssW Kmw tKm`n {_m-Wm
{_m- t Wy- \ , lhnl- h n- j m, Bbp- c m- b p- j m,
ktXy\ kXyw, [tWm [w, X- b m-a n.
tkz\ tXPkm XtXm ] ssh tX tZhm cp{Z-a-]r tX tZhm cp{Z-] -i y tX tZhm cp{Z-a-[ ymiwkvtX tZhm Du[z _mlthm cp{Zw kvXp\z-n.

1.
2.
3.
4.
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8.

Hmw tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm b {_m

Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm b hnjvWpkvX
kvssa ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm b kvIkvX
kvssa ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cpt{Zm k `K-hm b C{kvX
kvssa ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cpt{Zm k `K-hm bmnkvX
kvssa ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cpt{Zm k `K-hm b hmbp kvX
kvssa ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm b kqcy kvX
kvssa ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm b tkmakvX
kvssa ssh \tam \ax

378

I 9.
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30.

tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm bmu{Klmx

\kvssa ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hmt\y Nmu {]Xn{KlmkvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y `qkvXkvssa
ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\ym N`phkvXkvssa
ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm bm N kzkvX
kvssa ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y al kvXkvssa
ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\ym N ]rYnho
Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\ym--cow
Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\ym N ZyukvX
kvssah \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\ymm ]x Xkvssa
ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-h\y tXPkvX
kvssa ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-h\y-m-Imiw
Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y ImekvXkvssa
ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y bakvXkvssa
ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y arXypkvX
kvssa ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\ym arXw Xkvssa
ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y hnizw ssh
Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y qew Xkvssa
ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y kqvaw
Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y ipw Xkvssa
ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y IrjvWw
Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax
tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-h\y Irv\w
Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax

31. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y kXyw Xkvssa

ssh \tam \ax
32. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y khw Xkvssa
ssh \tam \ax

cp{Z-\mb bmsXmcp `K-hm-\mb Av {_m-hm-Wv.

A-s\-bp Av \a-kvImcw \a-kvIm-cw. Av
hnjvWp-cq-]-\m-W.v Abvv \a-kI
v m-cw. Av kvI-cq]\pw C{-cq-]\pw An-cq-]\pw hmbp-cq-]\pw kqcy-cq]\pw tkma-cq-]\pw A-{K-l-cq-]\pw {]Xn-{K-l-cq-]\pw
`qcq-]\pw `phcq-]\pw kzcq-]\pw alcq-]\pw ]rYzocq-]\pw A-co--cq-]\pw Zyucq-]\pw Pe-cq-]\pw tXtPmcq-]\pw Ime-cq-]\pw ba-cq-]\pw arXyp-cq-]\pw Aar-X- cq]\pw BIm-i- cq-]\pw hniz-cq-]\pw qe-cq-]\pw kqvacq-]\pw IrjvW-cq-]\pw ip-cq-]\pw kXy-cq-]\pw khcq-]\pw BWv Av. A- s\- bp Abvv \a- kvImcw
\a- kI
v m-cw.

3. `qkvtX BZna[yw `qhkvtX kzkvtX iojw

hniz-cqt]m f kn, {_ss-I -k -X zw, Zzn[m-{Xn[m
_-kvXzw, imn-kvXzw, ]pn-kvXzw, lqXp-ap-lpXw, Z-a-Z-w, kh-a-khw, hniz-a-hn-izw, IrXa-Ir-Xw, ]c-a-]-c-]-cm-b-Ww, N Xzw, A]m-a-tkm-a-aarXm A`q-am-K tPymXn-c-hn-Zma tZhm Ina-kvam
XrW-h-Z-c mXnx Inap [on carXw ayw N
tkma-kqcyx ]pc-kvXmXv kqvax ]pcpjx khw
PK- nXw hm GX- Z - cw {]Pm- ] Xyw kuayw
]pcpjw {Kmly-a-{Km-tlyW `mhw `th-\, kuayw
kutay-\, kqva w kqvta-W, hmbhyw hmbthy-\, {KkXn Akvssa alm-{K-kmb ssh \tam
\ax lrZnmx ssZhXm khm lrZn {]mtW {]XnjvTnXmx lrZn Xzakn tbm \nXyw Xnt{km am{Xmx
]ckvX p kx Xtkym- -c Xx intcm, Zn- W Xx
]mZu b D-c X k Hmmcmx, b Hmmc k
{]Whx bx {]Whx k kh-hym]o bx khym]o
tkm f \tm tbm f \-k vX -mcw bmcw
XXv ipw bZv ipw XXv kqvaw bXv kqvaw
XZv sshZypXw bZv sshZypXw XXv ]c-{_ bXv
]cw {_k GIx k GIx k cpt{Zm tbm cp{Zx
k Cuimt\m b Cuimt\m k `K-hm atl-izcx
atl-iz- \mb `K-hm-s\, `qtemIw A-bpsS Xmgs
`mKhpw `qh temIw a[yhpw kztemIw intcm-`m-Khpw
BIp- p. Av hniz- cq- ]- n {_-cq- ]-am- Ip-p. ap hn[n-ep--h-s\v tXm-sSpw Av hrn-cq-]\pw imncq-]\pw lpX-cq-]\pw Alp-X-cq-]\pw Z-cq-]\pw AZ-cq-]\pw kh-cq-]\pw Akh-cq-]\pw hniz-cq-]\pw Ahniz-cq-]\pw IrXm-Ir-X-P-]\pw ]cm-]-c-cq-]-\pw ]cm-b-W-cq-]\p-am-W.v Av Rv tkma-cq]amb AarXw \In
Rsf Aar-X-cq-]c
- m-n. R tPymXnx kzcq-]-cmbn

379

I i{Xp-v Rsf ]oUn-n-m km[y-a-. AarX

kzcq-]-\m-W-v. kqcy-kz-cq-]-\m-Wv. Ap Xs PKXv
Ieym-W-Im-cnbmIpp. Ap-Xs kz t{]c-W-bm
{Klys {Kmly- mepw `mhs `mh- mepw
kuays kuay-mepw hmbp-hns\ hmbp-hn-\mepw
{Kkn- n- cn- p--Xv. Cs\ alm{Kkn- bmb Atbvv \akvIm-cw. kI-e-Xn-sbpw lrZ-b-n A-bpsS hmkap-v. aqp am{X-Ifpw Ahbvv AXo-X-am-Wv. hSv
AXns incpw sXv ]mZhpw nXn-sN-p-p. hSv
HmwIm-c-cq-]-am-Wv. Hmw Imcw {]W-ha
- m-Wv. {]Whw XsbmWv B kh-hym]n. kh-hym-]n-bmWv A\-; A\ Xs Xmc-Ic
- q]w; Xmc-Ic
- q]w Xs kqva-cq]w
kqva-cq]w Xs ipw; ipw Xs hnZypXv cq]w;
hnZypXv cq]w Xs B ]c-{_-w. ]c-{_cq]w Xs
GI-cq- ]w. GI cq]w Xs-bmWv cp{Z-cq-]w. cp{Z- cq]w XsbmWv Cuim- \- cq-]w. Cuim- \cq]w Xs-bmWv B `K- hm
atl-iz-c.

4. AY Ikvam-Zp-NytX Hmmtcm bkvam-Zp-m-cyamW Gh {]mWm-\ q[z apXv {Ima-bXn Xkva m

ZpNytX HmwImcx AY Ikvam-Zp-N ytX {]Whx
bkv a p- Z p- m- c y- a mW Gh EKyPqx kmam- Y
hmMvctkm {_ {_m-tW`yx {]Wm-a-bXn \mabXn N Xkva m-Zp-N ytX {]Whx AY Ikvam- pNytX kh-hym]n Xkvam Zpm-cy-amW Gh bYm
]e-e-]o-WA
- -[-anh im-cq] tam Xt{]m-X-a-\p-{]m]vtXm, hyXn-kr- Xkvam-Zp-NytX khym-]n.
AY Ikvam-Zp-NytX A\tm bkvam-Zp-m-cy-amW
Gh Xncy-Kq[z-a-[ -k vXm Akymtm t\m]-e `ytX Xkvam ZpNytX f \x AY Ikvam-Zp-NytX
Xmcw bkvam Zpm-cy-amW Gh K`-P--hym-[n-Pcm-a-c -W -k w-km-c -a-l m-` -b m- m-c-b Xn {XmbtX N
Xkvam ZpNytX Xmcw. AY-I-kvam-Zp-NytX ipw
bkv am Zpm- c y-a mW Gh Zt ma-b tX N
Xk v a m- Z p- N ytX ipw . AY Ikvam- Z p- N ytX
kqvaw. bkvam-Zp-m-cy-amW Gh kqvaw `qXzm
ico-cm-Wy-[n-Xn-jvTXn khmWn NmwK-\y`n ariXn
Xkvam-Zp-NytX kqvaw. AY-Ikvam ZpNytX ]cw
{_w bkvamXv XXv]-c-a-]cw ]cm-bWw N _rlXv
_rlXym _rwl-bXn Xkvam ZpNytX ]cw {_.
AY Ikvam-Zp-NytX GtIm bx khm {]Wm
kw`y kw`--tW-\mP kwkr-PXn hnkr-PXn
N. Xo-tatI {hPn Xo-tatI ZnWmx
{]Xy DZ- - { ]mtm f `n{h- P tm tXjmw
kthjm anl-kw-KXnx kmIw k GtIm `qX-cXn {]Pm-\m-kvXkvam ZpNytX GIx AY Ikvam`p-NytX cp{Zx bkvam-Zr-jn`nx \mss\y`ssx E
Xaky cq]-ap-] -e`- ytX Xkvam-Zp-NytX cp{Zx AY
Ikvam-Zp-NytX Cuim\x, bx AY Ikvam-Zp-NytX

`K-hm atl-izcx, bkvamZv `m mt\\ `PXy-\p-Kr-lvWmXn NhmNw kwkr-PXn hnkr-PXn N

khm `mhm ] cn- X yPy B - m- t \\
tbmssKiz tcyW alXn alo-btX Xkvam-Zp-NytX
`K-hm atl-izcx XtZ-XZv cp{Z Ncn-Xw.

Hmw Imc-sa- p--cn--s-Sp--sX-p-sImv? ImcWw

AXp-c
- n-p--Xn\v {]mWs\ apI-fn-temv hen-tn
hcpp; {]Whw Fp ]d-bm Imc-W-sav? AXp--cnp-tm EIn, bPp- ,v kmaw, AYhw Fo \mep thZ-sfbpw AwKn-cv, {_w, {_m-W Fn-h-tbbpw
\a-kvIc
- n-tn hcp-p. AXp-sImv {]Whw Fp
t]cp-hp; kh-hym]n Fp ]d- b-s-Sp--sX-p-sImv?
Fn F-sb--t]mse A{]-Xy--ambn kh-N-cm-Nc- -f nepw hkn- p- p. D-c n- p-t m apI- f ntem
Xmsgtbm Xncy-p-If
- ntem Aw ImWm km[n-m-Xn- \m A\- Fp ]d- b-s-Spp; K`w, Pw, hym[n,
Pc, acWw Fnh he-bvp kwkm-c-a-lm-`b
- -n
\npw XcWw sNn-p--Xn-\m XmcIw Fp ]d-b-sSpp; D-cn-p-tm tZw AXm-bXv Bbmkw Dm-Ip-Xn-\m ipw Fp ]d-bs
- -Spp; D-cn-p-tm
kqva cq]-tmSpIqSnb mh-cm-Zn-I-fmb kh-nsbpw ico-cs A[o-\a
- m-p--Xp-sImv kqvaw
Fp ]d-b-s-Sp-p; D- cn--s-Sp-tm qe-amb Xtamh- - bn {]Imiw Dm-Ip- -Xp-sImv sshZypXw Fp
]d-bs
- -Spp; ]cm-]-c-sbpw ]cm-b-W-sbpw _rlmb hoW-bm mX-am-p--Xn-\m ]c-{_-s
- av
]d-bs
- -Sp-p; Fm {]mW--sfbpw `nv AP-cq-]tmsS Dev]n kwlm-cmZnI sNp--Xp-sImv GIs\v ]d-b-s-Sp-p; sXpw ]Sn-mdp hSpw Ingpw
D kIe Xo-- fnepw kv\m\w sNp--hc
- p-sSbpw
kXvKXn CXp Xs-bmIpp; kIe Pohn-I-fp- sSbpw IqsS
GI cq]-n hkn-p--Xn-\m GI-s\p ]d-b-s-Spp. kzcq-]-sa-sv ap\n-amp am{Xta Adn-bm-\m-hpIbpq. ap--hv km[y-a-m--Xn-\m cp{Z-s\p ]db-s- Sp-p. Cuim- \o, P\\o in- I- fm thZ-sf kzm[o\-n shn-cn-p-XpsImv Cuim-\ Fp ]d-bs-Sp-p. iqc-\mb Asb R ]men\p thn ]iphns\ {]km-Zn-n-p--Xp-t]mse kvXpXn-p-p. C{-cq-]n Ap Xs- bmWv {]]- - n\v Cui\pw Znhy- Zi\-bp-\pw. AXn-\m Av Cuim-\ Fv ]d-b-s-Spp. kIe `mh-fpw ssIhnv B-m\w sImpw
tbmssK-izcyw sImpw Xs aln-a-bm nXn sNp-Xn-\m Av atl-iz-c F-dn-b-s-Sp-p. CXv cp{Z-Ncn-XamIpp.

5. Gtjm l tZhx {]Zntim \p khmx ]pthm

l PmXx k D Kt` Ax k Gh PmXx k P\njyamWx {]XyMv P\m-kvXn-jvTXn khtXm apJw
GtIm cpt{Zm \ ZznXob bkvX kvssa b Cam

380

I temIm-\o-iX Cuim-\n`nx {]Xy-MvP-\m-kvXm-jvTXn

kwNp-tIm-Nmx Imte kwkr-Py-hnizm `qh-\m\n
tKm]v X m tbm \nw tbm\n- a - [ nXn jv T tXytIm
tbt\Zw k- c Xn hnN- c Xn khw Xao- i m\w
hcZw tZh-aoUyw \nNm-tcyamw imn aXy--taXn
amw lnXzm tlXp Pmeky aqew _pymkp
NnXw m]bn Xzm Xp cpt{Z cp{Zta IXz-amlpx.
imizXw ssh ]pcmW anl aqtP\ ]ithm f
\p \ma-bw arXyp ]mim XtZ-tX-\. B-ttX-\m NXp amt{XW imnw kwkr-PXn
]mihn tamWw km bm {]Yam am{Xm {_-tZh-Xym-cm ht\ bkvXmw [ymbtX \nXyw k
KtXv {_mw ]Zw bm km ZznXobm am{Xm
hnjv W p tZhXym Irjv W m ht\ bkv X w
[ymbtX \nXyw k KtXv sshjvWhw ]Zw bm
km XrXobm am{Xm Cuim\ tZhXym I]nem
ht\ bkvXmw [ymbtX \nXyw k KtssZ
im\w ]Zw bm km AZ-Pv[-N-Xpo am{Xm khtZ-h Xm f hyo-`qXm Jw hnN-cXn ip kv^Sn-Ik-n-`m-ht\ bkvXmw [ymbtXm \nXyw kwKtbv ]Z-a-\m-aIw XtZX ap]m-koX ap\tbm hmKzZn \ Xky {KlW abw ]m hnlnX DtcW tb\ tZhm bmn tb\ ]nXtcm tb\
Ejbx ]c-a-]Zw ]mcm-bWw tNXn hmam-{K-am{Xw
lrZ-bky at[y hnizw tZhw PmX-cq]w htcWyw
Xam- w tb \p ]iyn [ocm kv t Xjmw
imn`-hXn t\X-tcjmw bkvan t{Im[w bm N
XrjvWm amw N XrjvWmw lnXzm tlXp-Pm-eky
aqew _pym kwNnXw kvXm]-bnXzm Xp apt{Z cp{Zta-I-Xz-amlpx apt{Zm ln imiz-tXh ssh ]pcm-tWt\j aqtPW X]km \nb-m. An-cnXn `kva,
hmbp-cnXn `kva , Pe-anXn `kva , Pe-anXn `kva ,
e-anXn `kva, thymtaXn `kva, khw lhm
CZw `kva-a\ GXm\n Npjn bkva m-{Z-X -anZw
]mip-]Xw bZv `kva-\mw-Km\n kwkv]r-ti--kvamZv
{_-X-tZ-XXv ]mip-]Xw ]ip-]mi hntam--Wm.

]pcp-j\pw B inbm Am-Zn-I {]Zm\w sNbvXv

Pohn-Isf arXyp-hn \npw cn-p-Xv B B- m\
{]Z Xs. A NXpam-{X-bm imn {]Zm\w
sNbvXv Atlw _-n \nv tamN\w \Ip-p.
cp{Zs {]Y-a-am{X {_m-hns c h-n-s-Xm-W.v
tht]mse [ym\n-m {_- ]Zw e`n- p- p. cm- as
am{X hnjvWp- hns IrjvW-h- n-s-Xm-W.v AXv kZm
[ym\n-p-- h hnjvWp ]Zs {]m]n- p- p. aqm- as
am{X Cuim\ tZhs ]oX h- n- s-Xm-Wv. AXv [ym\np--h Cuim\ ]Zw {]m]n-p-p. A {]Xy
am{X kh thZ kzcq-]-ambn Ahy--ambn BIm-i-n
k-cn-p-p. AXns \ndw ip kv^SnI Xpey-amWv
AXns\ [ym\n-p--h apn {]m]n-p-p. A-am{X
am{Xw D]m-kn-m aXn FmWv ap\n-am-cpsS aXw. Cu
D]m-k-\-bm I-_w tOZn--s-Sp-p. CtX Dc
am-n-eq-sS-bmWv tZh-mcpw ]nXr-fpw aljn-amcpw
Kan-p--Xv. CXp Xs ]cm-]-chpw ]mcm-bW
- -hp-amb
amw Xe-ap-Sn-bpsS A{Kw t]mse AXn-kq-va-n-ep
lrZ-b-n \nh-kn-p hniz-cq-]\pw tZh-cq-]\pw Bb
]c- am-m-hns\ Xs lrZ- bm- `mKp ImWp m\nI- fmWv imnsb {]m]n- p--Xv. ap- - h- c- . t{Im[-Xr- jvWIv Imc-W`- qX-amb aqew XyPnv knX I-
_pn-] qhw cp{Z-\ n kan- m At-l -h p-ambn
XmZmyw {]m]n-p-p. imiz-X\pw ]pcm-W-]p-cp-j\pw
cp{Z Xs. AXn-\m kzi-n-bmepw X]-n-\mepw
Atlw temIw \nb-{n-p-p. An hmbp Pew ew
Fnh thyma-m `kva-cq-]-am-Ip-p. C-s\-bp `Khm ]ip-]-Xn-bpsS `kvaw BcpsS ico-c-n ]Xn-ppthm Ah\pw `kvas t]mse- bm-bn- o- cp-p. Cs\
]ip-]-Xn-bpsS {_-cq-]-amb `kvaw Pohn-I-fpsS _-\hn-tO-Z-\-n\v Imc-W-ambn `hn-p-p.

6. tbmu cpt{Zm tbm]vkz-cy Hmj-[o hncp[

Bhn- t hi b Cam hnizm `qh- \ m\n Nmnth
Xkvssa cp{Zmb \tam-kvXz-tb tbm cpt{Zmu
tbm cp{Z Hmj-[ o hocp[ Bhn-th-i tbm cp{Z
Cam hnizm `qh-\ m\n Nmth Xkvs sa cp{Zmb
ssh \tam \ax tbm cp t{Zm f ]vk p tbmcp{Z
kIe Znp-I-fnepw hkn-p-Xv Htc Hcp tZh Hmj- [ ojp tbm cpt{Zm h\ kv ] Xnjp tb\
Xs; Atlw BZyw P\n- p. a[y-nepw Atlw Xs. cpt{ZW PK-Zp[z-[m-cnXw ]rYnho Zzn[m-{Xn-[m
taen P\n-p-Xpw Atlw Xs. Atlw Hmtcm [mcnXm \mKm tb f cot Xkvssa cp{Zmb
{]mWn-bnepw hym]n-n-cn-pp; temIw apgp-h \nb-{n- ssh \tam \ax. aq[m-\ -aky kwko-h ym-[ hm
p-p. CsXmw Htc Hcp cp{Z Xs. HSp-hn Fmw
lrZbw N bXv akvXnjvIm Zq[zx ss{]c-bXv ]hAt-l-n ebn-pw. hnizs krn-p-Xpw kwlamt\m f [n iojXx XZzm AYhWx intcm tZhcn-p-Xpw B cp{Z Xs. kh Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw
tImix kap-nXx XXv {]mtWm f `nc-Xn intcm
A`m-Kv hkn-p-p. Cu Cuim-\s\ [ym\n-m
f atYm a\x\ N Znthm tZh Pt\\ Kp]vXm
am{Xta a\p-jy\v ]c-a-amb imn e`n-m km[n-q.
\hm--c o-mWn \h-`qa Cam-b-kvan-n-Zw khkh-X npw Ifw tNp Am\w XyPnv
tam-X-t{]mXw b kvamZ-\y--]cw In\m kvXn \
knX I- _pn- bm cp{Z-\n Xs An- m
XkvamXv ]qhw \ ]cw XZkvXn \ `qXw \tXm
]c- am- m- hp- ambp sFIyw ssIh- cpw. imiz-X\pw ]pcmW
`hyw bZm-koXv kl-{k-]m-tZI aq[m hym]vXw

381

I k G thZ-am-]-co-hn `qXw A-cmXv kwPmbtX Imex ImemZv hym]I DNytX hym]tIm ln

`K-hm cptZm `mKm bamt\m bZm titX cp{Z
kvXZm kwl-ctX {]Pmx Dn-kotX Xtam `hXn
Xak Bt]m-]vkzw-Kpeym aYntX aYnXw inintc
inincw aYy-am\w t^t\m-`-hXn t^\m Zw `hXy-WA
- -[mXv hmbp {_m-`-h-Xn. {_tWm hmbpx
hmtbm-cmw-Imcx Hmwm-cmXv kmhn{Xo kmhn{Xym
Kmb-{Xn, Kmb{Xym temIm `hn A-bn X]x
kXyw A[y--cn bZv {[phw GXn ]caw X]x
Bt]m tPymXn ctkm f arXw {_ `q`phx
kztcmw \a CXn.

\nv temI--fpw D-hn-p-p. Atlw X]p sNptm kXyw Dm-Ip-p. XpSv AarX {]hmlw DmIp-p. B {]hmlw imiz-Xa
- m-Ip-p. AXv ]c-a-amb ]Xm-Wv. AXv Pew, tPymXn-v, ckw, Aar-Xw, {_w `qx
`hx kzx Fn-h-bmbn ]cn-W-an-p-p.

7. b CZ- a - Y h intcm {_mtWm f [otX

At{im-{Xnbx t{im{Xntbm `h-Xn. A\p-]-\oXx D]\otXm `hXn tkm f n ]qtXm `g-Xn. k hmbp
]qtXm `h-X n. k kqcy-] qtXm `h-X n. k tkma]qtXm `h-X n. k kXy-] qtXm `h-X n. k kh
]qtXm `h- X n. k ksshtZsshx mtXm
`hXn k ksshx tZsshx mtX `h-Xn. k
An- b nepw Pe- nepw IpSn-s Im- p cp{Z kssh thssZ-c-\p-[ymtXm `h-Xn. k kthjp
XsbmWv sNSnI-fnepw hr--fnepw D-Xv. kakvX Xotjp kv\mtXm `h-Xn. tX\ ksshx {IXphnizhpw krn-n-p B An-cq-]-\mb cp{Z\v \a-kI
v m- `n- c nw `hXn Kmb{Xymx jjv S n kl- { kmWn
cw. sNSn-I-fnepw hr- -fnepw An-bnepw nXn sNp- P]vXm\n `h-n. CXn-lm-k-]p-cm-Wm\mw cp{ZmWmw
-h\pw kIe hniz-ns {km-hp-amb cp{Z\v \a-kI
v m- KX-k -l - { kmWn P]vX m\n `h- n. {]W-h m-\ m- a cw. hr--fnepw sNSn-I-fnepw Pe-nepw hkn-p-- bpXw P]vXw `h-Xn. B Npjx ]wnw ]p\mh\pw Cu hnizs [cn-n-cn-p--h\pw cp {]Im-c- \n. B k]vXa
- mXv ]pcp-j-bp-Km ]p\m-Xo-Xyml
nepw (in-h in) aqp {]Im-c-nepw (kXz cP- `K-hm-\ -Yh-i ncx kIrXv P]vs sXzh ipNnx kx
kvXapI) `qansb \bn-p--h\pw k-[m-cn-bp-amb ]qXx ItWym `h-Xn. ZznXobw P]vXzm KWm-[ncp{Z `K-hm\v \a-kI
v m-cw. cp{Zs {]W- h-kz-cq- ]-amb aq[m- ]-Xym-a-hm-]vt\m-Xn. XrXobw P]vXzm Gh-tah A\phns\ D]m-kn-m inhs DX nXn ssIh- cp- p. D]m- {]-hn-itXymw kXytamw kXyw
kn-m--]w A[x]X-\-am-Wv. Fm tZh-m-cp-sSbpw
kmaq-lnI cq]w cp{Zs akvXIamWv. AXns {]mW\pw
a\pw intcm- c--I- am-Wv. tZh-mv X\nsb `qan-sbtbm
BIm-i-stbm kz-stbm Hn-s\bpw cn-m
in-bn-. kI-eXpw cp{Z-\n AS-p-p. At-l-n- \pdw bmsXm-p-an-. aqp `qX-`-hnjy Ime--fnepw Hpw
Dm-bn-n-. kl{k ]mZ\pw kl{k inc-p-h-\p-amWvAt-l w. kh`qX hym]vX- \m-W-t -l w. Ime-ns
D]n A-c-n \np-am-Wv. Imew hym]-Ia
- m-Wv.
hym]-I\pw t`mKmbam\-\p-amb cp{Z ibn-m kIe
Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw Ayw kw`-hn-p-XmWv. ]ns Atl-ns izmkwsImv Xapw aX-n \nv Pehpw
Dm- Ip- p. B Pew hnc-ep-I-fm aYn--s-Sp-tm inincp-hnse t]mse ap-m-Ip-p. AXns\ aY\w
sNp-tm \pcbpw, \pc-bn \nv Ahpw An \nv {_hpw Dm-Ip-p. {_mhn \nv
hmbphpw hmbp-hn \nv Hmwm-chpw Hmm-c- n \nv
kmhn- {Xnbpw kmhn-{Xn-bn \nv Kmb-{Xnbpw Kmb-{Xn-bn

Cu AYh-in-tcm-]-\n-jv hmbn-p {_m-W

thZ--\-s- nepw thZ--\m-bn-o-cpp. A\p-]-\o-X\m-sW-nepw D]-\o-X\v Xpey-\m-Ip-p. An, hmbp,
kqcy, tkma, kXyw Fn-h-sb-tmse Ah ]cnip--\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah kh{X hnip--\m-Ipp.
Ah ssZh- \pw thZ-PvV\pw kh-Xo-k\
v m-\-]pWy-hm\pw Bbn-o-cp-p. Fm b-fpw sNbvXmep ^ehpw Ah\v Inp- p. CXn- lm-k-]p-cm-W- A[yb\w sNbvXv ^ehpw Hcp ew cp{Z-\ma P]-ns
^ehpw ]Xn-\m-bncw {]Whw P]n ^ehpw Ah\v Inpp. Ahs\ ImWp--Xp-sImv Xs Bfp-I ]cn-ip-cm-IpXmWv. Ah Xs Ggp Xe-ap-dI
- sf ]cn-ip--amp-sav ]d-n-p-v. Cu AYh intcm-]-\n-jv Hcn P]n-m Ah ]cn-ip-\pw Im-[n-Im-cn-bp-amIp-w. cm-aXv P]n-m KWm-[n-]-Xn-bmIpw aqp-hw P]nm kXy-kz-cq-]-amb Hmm-c-n {]th-in-p-p.
AYh-in-tcm-]\
- n-jv kam-]n-p.

Q
N

382

I
3
AarX
\
mt
Zm]
\
njv
1
imn- ] mTw
Hmw. kl-\ m-h-h-X p. kl\u `p\-p. klhocyw Ic-hm-hssl tXPkzn \mh-[o-X-a-kvXp. am
hnZzn-jmh ssl. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
]c-{_w \s cp-t]-scbpw cn-tW. \s
cp-t]-scbpw Hcp-anv ]cn-]m-en--tW. \ cp-t]cpw
Hcp-anv Ign-hp-I hf- tW. \psS A[y-b\w tXtPma-ba
- m-bn-o-c tW. \mw ]c-kv] cw hntZzjw ImWn-mXn-cn-t- W.

1.

imkv{Xm-Wy-[oXy ssa[mho |
A`yky N ]p\x ]p\x |
]caw {_-hn-Zymbm |
Devm-h- m-\y-tYm-p-tPXv ||

imkv{X- ]Tnv _pn hnI- kn-nv hopw hopw

A`y-knv ]c-a-amb {_hnZy-t\-Sp-I. Dev-t]mse Ne-amb Pohn-Xs ]mgm-m-Xn-cn-p-I.

2. Hmmcw cY-am-cply |
hnjvWpw IrXzmY kmcYnw |
{_-temI ]Ym-t\zjn |
cp{Zm-cm-[\ XXv]cx ||
Hmwm-c-am-Ip cY-n Ibdn hnjvWp-hns\ kmcYnb-bmn bYm {_-temIw At\z-jn-p-sImv
cp{Zs D]m-k-\-bn Xm]cyw hln--Ww.

3. Xmh-{Z-tY\ Khyw |
bmh-{ZY ]Yn-nXx |
nXzm cY ]Yx m\w |
cY-apXv krPy-K-Xn ||
cY-amw Ah-km-\n-p--Xp-hsc cY-n k-cnmw. amw Ah-km-\n-m cYw hnv aptmp t]mImw.

4. am{Xm enwK-]Zw Xyzm |

i_vZ-hy-RvP\ hPnXw
Akz-tcW aIm-tcW |
]Zw krvaw N KXn ||
5. i_vZmZn hnjbmx ] |

Nn-tb-Zm-t\m civao |
{]Xym-lmcx k DNytX ||
6. {]Xym-lm-c-kvXYm [ym\w |
{]mWmbm tam f Y [mcWm |
X-ssh kam[n |
jUwtKm tbmK DNytX ||
{]W-h-ns BImcmZnam-{X-I Ah-bpsS enwK-`q-Xamb ]Z- B{i- b-`q- X- amb hnizw,hncmSv Fn- hsb hnv
kzc- lo- \-amb aIm- c-ns hmN- I-amb Cuis\ [ym\n- m
km[- I\v Xpco-b-X-Xz- n-se-mw. B Xzw kh-{]-]-n\pw hnZq-c- amWv. i_vZ-kzimZn hnj-b-epw Ahsb
{Kln-p C{nbfpw a\pw kqcy-c-ivan-sb-tmse
Bm-hn ImW-Ww. As\ A\m--hn-j-b--fn
\npw a\-ns\ \nhn-nv B-Nn sN-Ww. Cu
B-hn-Nn-- \-amWv {]Xym-lmcw tbmK-ns Bdv AwK-fmb {]mWm-bm- aw, [ym\w, [mc-Ww, Xw, am[n, Fnh- tbm- sSmw {]Xym-lm-chpw {][m-\- am-Wv.

7. bYm ]hX [mXp\mw |

Zlyt [a-\m-emx |
ZtY-{n-b-IrXmx tZmjm |
ZMyt {]mW-\n-{K-lmXv ||
]-X-nse kzw XpS-nb [mXp- NqSp]nSnnv aen-\X Zqsc-bm-p--Xp-t]mse C{n-b-P-\y--fmb
tZmj- {]mWm-bmaw sImv Zqsc-bm-mw.

8. {]mWm-bmssax Ztl-tm-jm |
[mc-Wm-`n Inev_njw |
{]Xym-lm-tcW kwkm |
[yt\-\m-\n-iz-c KpWm ||
9. Inev_njw ln bw \oXzm |
cpNncw ssNh Nn-tbXv ||
{]mWm-bmaw sImv tZmj--sfbpw [mc-Ws
- Imv
]m]--sfbpw Zln-n-p-I. Cs\ ]m]--sfbpw AhbpsS AwK--sfbpw \in-nv tZhs\ kzkz-cq-]-n
[ym\n-p- I.

t\{X-ss-hmXn New |

383

I 10. cpNntc tcNIw ssNh |

hmtbm-cm-I-jWw XYm |
{]mWm-bm-am-kv{Xbx t{]mm |
tcN ]pc-I-Ipw-`Imx ||
11. khym-lrXnx k{]-Whmw |
Kmb-{Xnw inckm kl |
{Xnx ]tT-Zm-b-X-{]mWx |
{]mWm-bmax k DNytX ||
Dn hmbp-hns\ nc-ambn \ndp-p-Ibpw shfnbn-tev hnSp-Ibpw AI-tmSp hnen-p-Ibpw sN-Ww.
hymlrXn Hmwmcw Ch-tbm-Sp-IqSn Kmb{Xn aqp-X-hW
sNmn tcN-Iw, ]qc-Iw, Ipw`Iw Fo {Inb-I sNp-Xn\v {]mWm-bm-a-sav ]d-bp-p.

12. DXvn]y hmbp-am-Imiw |

iq\yw IrXzm \ncm-Iw |
iq\y-`m-th\ bpRvPo-bm
t{ZNI tkyXn e-Ww. ||
{]mW- h m-b p-h ns\ BIm-i - n DXvt - ] Ww
sNbvXp. lrZ-bs hmbp iq\y-am-n-opXmWv
tcN-I-{]-Wm-bm-a w.

13. t\m ztk-m-\p-z-tk-ssh |

Km{XmWn Nme-tbXv |

16. a\x k-ev]Iw [ymXzm |

kwn-]ym-\n _pn-am |
[mcbn Xzm XYm-m\w |
[mcWm ]cn IonXm ||
a\v k-e]
v m--I-sav IcpXn AXns\ Bm-hn
ebn-nv ]c-am-m-hns\ Nnn-p-I-bmWv [mc-W-sb
{]mW-bm-aw.

17. BK-a-kym-hn-tcm-t[\ |
Dul\w X DNytX |
bw e_v[zm-]yh at\yX |
kx kam[n {]IonXm ||
X-sa-Xv imkv{Xhn[nb-\p-k-cn-p Nn- bm-Wv.
bmsXmp e`n-m-emWv ap e`n- t hkvXp- Xp- sfp tXmp-Xv AXmWv {]mWm-bm-amw- K-amb kam- [.n

18. `qan-`mtK kta ctay |

kh-tZmj hnhPntX |
IrXzm at\m-abnw cmw |
P]vXzm ssN hmY ate ||
19. ]Iw kzkvXnIw hm]n |

Ghw hmbp{K-lX hyx |

`{Zm-k-\a
- -Ym]n hm |

]qc-I-tkyXn eWw ||

_zm tbmKm-k\w kayIv |

izkn-p-Itbm Dz-kn- p-Itbm sNm- sXbpw icocw

Nen-n-m-sXbpw Ccp-p-sImv {]mW-hm-bp-hns\ \ntcm[n-p--Xn\p ]qc-I-{]m-Wm-bm-a-sav ]d-bp-p.

D-cm-`n-ap-J-nXx ||

hmbw IrXzm \ncm-{ibw |

kh tZmj hnap-hpw kahpw kp-c-hp-amb `q`mKv ]m-k-\-ntem kzkvXn-Im-k-\-ntem `{Zm-k-\ntem CS-hn-SmsX D-cm-`n-ap-J-am-bn-cpv a\-ns\ Ddnv aew P]n--Ww.

Ghw hmbp {Klo-Xhyx |

20. \mkn-Im-]p-S-aw-Kp-eym |

14. ht{-tWm-Xv]-e-\m-tfW |

Iw`-I-tkyXn eWw ||
hmbn-eq-sS-bpw Ia-e-\m-f-n-eq-sSbpw shw hen-sSp-p- - Xp- t]mse kmh-[m\w hmbp- hns\ AI-tv henp-Xv Ipw`-I-{]m-Wm-bm-a-am-Ip-p.

15. A-hXv ]iy cq]mWn |

]n[mssb tI\ amcpXw |

BIrjy [mc-tb-Zow |
i_vZ-ta-hm`n Nn-tbXv ||
21. Hman-tXy-Im-cw {_ |
Hman-tXy-tI\ tcN-tbXv |

irWp i_vZ aI-hXv |

Znhy-a-t{W _lpix |

ImjvT-hXv ]iytX tZlw |

Ipcym-Zm--a-e-NypXnx ||

{]im tkyXn e-Ww ||

A-s\-tmse Hpw ImWm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw _[n-c-s\tmse tInpw tIm-Xn- cn-p- Ibpw tZlw shdpw acSn-t]mse Icp-Xm-\n-S-bm-Ip--Xp-am-Wv{]im-s e-Ww.

Hcp hncsImv Hcp \mknImZzmcw ASv Xpd

384

I \mkZzmc-n IqSn hmbp AI-tv hen-p-I. ]ns

cp Zzmc-epw ASv hmbp-hns\ \ntcm-[n--Ww. ]ns
GIm-c i_vZ-cq-]hpw tXtPm-a-b-hp-amb {]Wh i_vZw
Nnnv hmbp kmh-[m\w shfn-bn hnSp-I. Cs\ {]hm--I-amb a{w At\Iw {]mhiyw {]tbm-Knv Nn-am-en\y-a-I-p-I.

22. ]zm-ym-tbX ]qthmw |

{Iatim a{ \nn-tiXv |
qem-Xn-q-e-am-{Xmbw |
\mXn aq[z-a-Xn-{Iax ||
aqv kqNn-nhn[w {]Whw Nnn-p-I. {]W-h-KZnX-amb {]mWm-bmaw Hcp ka-bv qem-Xn-q-e-am-{Xbn A[nIw sNm ]mSn-.

27. lrZzmcw hmbp-Zzmcw N |

Du[z-Zzm-c-aXx ]cw |
tam-Zzmcw _new ssNh |
kpjncw aew hnZpx ||

GXp- am-n IqSn tbmKn t\mp- p-thm B amn IqSn {]mW a\-ns\ A\pKanpp {]mW
D- a- am- - n-eqsS t]mIp--Xn- \m \nc--cm- `ymkw Bhiy- am-Wv. lrZ- b- n IqSn {]mW kpjpav\m am- n
{]th-in-p-p. apI-fn Du[z-K-a\ amhpw {_-c{hpw nXn sNp-p. tbmKn-I CXns\ kqcy-a--esav Icp-Xp-p. AXns\ t`Znv {]mW shSn-m
apn knn-pw.

28. `bw t{Im[-a-Ym-eky |

23. Xncy-Kp[z-at[m Zrow |

aXn kz]v\mXn PmKcw |

hn\nmcy alm-aXn |

AXym-lm-c-a-\m-lmcw |

ncx mbo-hn-\n-jvIXz |

\nXyw tbmKo hnhP-tbXv ||

XZm tbmKw ka-`y-tkXv ||

Iv apnepw apI-fnepw Xmsgbpw nco-Ic
- nv CfImsX Ccp-p-sImv tbmKm-`ymkw sNp-I.

24. Xmem-am{Xm bYm tbmtKm |

`bw t{Im[w Bekyw AXn-\n{Z Gsd DWn- cn- pI

AanX t`mP\w \ncm-lmcw Fnh tbmKn Hgn-hm--Ww.

29. At\ hn[n\m karIv |

\nXy-a-`y-kXm {IamXx |

[mcWm tbmP\w XYm |

kzb-ap-Xv]-ZytX m\w |

ZzmZi amt{Xm tbmKkvXp |

{Xn`oam ssk\ kwibx ||

ImetXm \nbXx kvarXx ||

tbmK-`ymkw \nnX ]-Xn-b\
- p-k-cnv sNp-I. ZzmZi-am-{X-amb tbmKw Ime-m- \nb-X-am-Ip-p.

25. AtLm-j-a-hy--\-a-kzcw N |

30. NXp`nx ]iytX tZhm |

]-`n-kvXpey hn{Iamx |
Cm-bm-]vt\mXn ssIheyw |
jjvtT amkn \ kwibx ||

Cs\ \nb-a-{]-Imcw \nXyhpw tbmK-N -c y-bn

s]Sp tbmKn kzbw m\w t\Sp-p. \mep amkw
Atcj PmX-ap-`-tbmjvT hPnXw |
sImv Ah\v tZh-Zi\w e`n-p-p. Ap-am-k-n-\pbZ-cw \ ctX IZm-NnXv ||
n tZh- Xp-ey-amb kmayw Inp-p. Bdp- am-k-n
_mly- {]-b-Xv\-m D- cn--s- Sm-hp- - X {]W-h-\m- Poh-p-m-h
bpw Inpw.
Zw. AXv hyRvP-\tam kzctam A. IWvTw Xmep HmjvTw
31. ]mnhx ] am{XmWn |
\mknI Ch-sImtm hy-am-m-hp--X-. aq[m-hpNXpam-{XmWn hmcpWx |
sImpw Zw sImpw D-cnm-\m-hn-. AXn\v \mi-anBt-bkvXp {Xnam-{XmWn |
. {]mWm-bma cq]-n A`yknp-Ibpw a\-ns\ \mZ-

AIWvT Xtezmjp a\m-knIw N |

cq-]-n \nc-cw ebn-n-p-Ibpw sNt-- Xm-W-Xv.

26. tb\mku ]iytX amw |

hmbhy kvXpZzn-am-{XIx ||
32. GI-am-{X-kvXY
- m-I mtim |

{]mW-kvtX\ ln KXn |

lr-am{Xw Xp Nn-tbXv |

AX--a-`y-tk-nXyw |

knnw IrXzm Xp a\km |

km-a-\mb ssh ||

Nntb Zm-\m-\n ||

385

]mnh XXzw [cn-p-tm {]W-h-nse Ap

am{X-I Nnn--Ww. Pe-X-Xz-am-Ip-tm \mev, An-am{X-bm-Ip-tm aqv, hmbp XXz-am- Ip-tm cv, Cu \nebn Nnn-pI BImi XXzw [cn-p-tm {]W-hns GI am{XIw {]W- hs Nnn-ptm AXns
Du[zam{X -am-{Xhpw Nnn--Ww. am\-knI [mc-W-bm
kzi-co-c -n Xs ]`qX-kn-nbpw Nn- \ bpw
thWw. Cs\ sNbvXm ]-`q-X- fpw hin-Ir-X-fm-Ip-p.

AY hmkvXp ]m\mw |
{]mWm-Zo-\m-a-\p-{I-amXv ||

lrZ- b- amWv {]mWm- Zn-I-fpsS \nhm- k- m\w. A]m- \

KpZ-nepw kam-\ \m`n-tZ-ipw DZm-\ IWvT-nepw
hym\ khmw-K-- fnepw k-cn- p-p. {]mWm-Zn-I- fpsS
hw ]d-bmw.

37. c-h-aWn {]Jyx |

{]mtWm hmbpx {]IonXx |

33. {XnwiXv ]hmw Kpex {]mtWm |

A]m-\-kvXky at[yXp |

b{X {]mWx {]Xn-jvTnXx |

C{ tKm]-k-a{]`x ||

Gj {]mW CXn JymtXm |

38. kam-\-kvXky at[y Xp |

_mly {]mWx ktKm-Ncx ||

tKmo-c-[h
- f {]`x |

34. AioXnx jSviXw ssNh |

A]m-pc DZm-\ |

kl-{kmWn {Xtbm Zi |
e sstIm]n |
\nxizmk Atlm-cm{X {]am-WXx ||

hymt\m lrn ka-{]`x ||

Nph cXv\-ns \nd-tmSp IqSn- b-XmWv {]mW.
A]m-\\v C{-tKm-]
- ns \nd-am-Wv. kam-\ ]ip-hn
]men\p Xpeyw shfp--Xm-Wv. DZm-\\v [qkc h-am-Ipp. hym\ An Pme-bpsS \ndw Ie-Xt- {X.

apXv AwKpew \nf-ap izkw nXn-sN-p-Xv

{]mW- hm- bp-hns B{i-b-cq-]-am- Wv. CXp- XsbmWv. {]mWs\ t]cn {]kn--am-bn-p--Xv. C{nb tKmN-c-amb 39. bsskyj aew `nXzm |
{]mW- \ n HcpenXn-a q-h m-b n-c n Aqn
amcptXm bmXn aqZ-[\n |
F]Xv izk-\-{Inb Atlm-cm-{Xw \S-p-p-v.
b{X X{X {antb-Zzm]n |
35. {]W BtZym lrZn mt\ |
\ k `qtbm`n PmbtX |

A]m\ kvXp ]p\ KptZ |

\ k `qtbm`n PmKtX ||

kamt\m \m`n tZtiXp |

CXyp-]- \ n-jXv

DZm\x I-am-{inXx ||
36. hym\x kthjp NmwtKjp |
kZm hym]r-Xy-Xn-jvTXn |

bmsXmcp km[-Is {]mW Cu aew t`Znp

sImv apm-hn-se-p-tm Ah FhnsS shv acnmepw ]p\ Pw {]m]n-p-n-. Ah\v ]p\ P-an-.
Aar-X- \m-tZm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

386

I
3
Ah[
qt
Xm]
\
nj
v
1
imn- ] mTw

5.

tKmhm-ek
- -Zriw iotj |
\m]n at[y \ Nm]y[x
{_ ]pw {]Xn-jvtTXn |
]p-Im-tcW Imc-tbXv ||

6.

Ghw NXp-jv]Yw IrXzm |

tX bmn ]camw KXnw |
\ IWm \ {]Pbm |
[t\\ XymtK-ss\tX |
Aar-X-Xz-am-\ipx ||

Hmw kl \mh-hXp kl \u `p\p kl

hocyw Ic- h m-h ssl tXPkzn \mh-[ o- X - akvX p
amhn-Zzn-jm-hssl Hmw imnx imnx imnx
]c-{_w Kpcp-in-jy-m-cmb R cp-t]-tcbpw
Hcp-anv kwc-n--tW. Rsf cp-t]-tcbpw Hcp-anv
]men-tW. R cp-t]-tcbpw Hcp-anv kmayw
{]m]n--tW. R-fpsS A[ym-b\w tXP-mbn-cn-tW.
R hntZzjw ]pem-Xn-cn--tW. Hmw imnx imnx
imnx.

{]nb-X-c-amb {_w BcpsS akvXIw, tamZw, ZnW-]-w, {]tam-Zw, D-c-]w Cu \ne-b n-em-I p-p
Ahs KXn tKmjv]-Za
- m-bn-o-cp-p. ]ip-hns hm
t]mse apI-fnepw \Sppw Xmsgbpw Cm-Xv bmsXmmtWm AXv kh {]Xn-jvT-cq-]-amb {_w ]pw Fv
kmwIrXn `K-hm Zm-t{X-bs\ kao-]nv Cs\ ]d-bs
- -Sp-p. AXn-\m AXns\ ]p-Im-c-n- em-Ww
tNmZnp: ""`K-hm-s\, A]-[q-X- \m-cmWv? Ahs Ah-- Cs\ Ah-[q-X-m \mep-am--fn IqSn ]c-a-KXn
sbv? Ahs Nn-sav? Ahs kwk- c-W-sa-mWv?'' {]m]n-p-p. hnhn[ I--fmtem {]P-bmtem [\CXp-tIv ]c- a-Im- cp- Wn-I-\mb `K-hm Zm-t{X-b kmwIr- mtem Aa-cXzw {]m]n-m km[y-a-. XymKw sImp
am{Xta Aa-cXzw {]m]n-m\mIq.
Xn-tbmSv ]d-p.

1. AY l kmwIr-Xn`-K-hw Zm-t{Xbw ]cn-ktaXy ]{]- - - ` - K -h tIm f h[q- X - k vX -k yIm

nXnx, Inw eyw, Inw kwk- c - W - a nXn Xw
tlmhmN `Kthm Zm-t{Xbx ]ca Imcp-WnIx

2.

A-c -Xzm-Zz-tc-Wy-Xzm
qX-kw-kmc _-\mXv |
XXz-a-kym-Z n-e - yXzm
Zh-[qX CXn-cytX ||

3.

tbm hnew-Lym-{i-am hm
\m-t\yh nXx kZm |
AXn hm-{iao tbmKo
Ah-[qXx k IYytX ||

Ahn-\ m-i nXzw sImpw htc-W yXzw sImpw

kmwkvIm-cnI _-\
- n \npw hnap--\mbh\pw
XXz-akn XpS-nb alm-hm-Iy--fpsS eym cq]-ambn-p--h\
- p-amWv Ah-[p-X-. hm-{ia [--sfmw
ssIhnv Bm-hn Xs nXn sNp hm-{i-a-cln-X-\mb tbmKn-bmWv Ah-[q-X.

4.

Xky {]nbw incx IrXzm |

tamtZm ZnWm ]Ix |
{]tamZ Dcx ]x |
B\tm tKmjv] ZmbtX ||

7. sskzcw sskzc-h n-l -c Ww XXv kwk-c Ww

kmw_cm hm ZnKw-_ cm hm \ tXjmw [m
[u \ ta[m-b-ta[yu kmw{K-l-tWy--m-bm-izta
[a--bmKw bPtX.
8. k almtJm alm-tbmKx Irv\ -ta-X
- n{Xw
Ia sskzcw \ hnKm-tb---lm-{hXw \ k ZrVhn-n-]ytX |
Ah-cpsS {]]w kzw C-a-\p-k-cn-p sskzchn-lm-c-am-Wv. Ah-cn \-cmtbm hkv{X-bp--cmtbm
ImW-s-Sp-p. Ahv [m-[-tfm ta[ym-ta-[ytfm C. Ah a\km Aiz-ta[w sNbvX-h-cm-W.v AXpXs Ah-cpsS alm-b
hpw almtbm-Khpw Ah-cpsS
Ncn-{X-samw B-cy-I-c-am-Wv. tkzm-\p-kr-X-amb AhcpsS Cu {]hr-n-I \nn--cp-Xv.
Fs-m CXp Xs-bm-Wv Ah-cpsS alm-{hXw
Ah ZrV-sc-tmse ]m]]pWy--fn en]vX-a-.

9.

bYm chnx kh-c-km {]`pMvt |

lpXm-i-\
- m]n ln kh-`x |
XssYh tbmKo hnj-bm {]`p-Mnt |
\ en]ytX ]pWy-]m-ss] ipx

387

I 10.

B]q-cy-am-W-a-Nex {]XnjvTw |
kap-{Z-am]x {]hn-in kth |
XZy-XvIm-ambw {]hn-in kth |
k imn-am-]vt\mXn \ Ima-Imao |

kqcy kh-c-k-fpw {Kln-p-Xp t]msebpw

An khXpw `n- p-Xp t]msebpw tbmKn-hn-j-bt`m-m-hm-sW-nepw ip-\m-I-bm ]m]-]p-Wy--fm
en]vX-\m-Ip-n-. Fpw \nd-p AN-e-n-Xn-If
- p
kap-{Z-n Pew {]th-in-p--Xp-t]mse tbmKn-bn
kh-hn-j-b-kp-J-fpw {]th-in-p-p. Fnepw Ah
AN--e\
- m-Wv. AXn-\m Ah imn {]m]n-p-p. F
m hnj-bm-k--cmb Iman-I B in t\Sp-n-.

11.

\ \ntcmt[m \ tNmXv]nx |
\ _tm \ N km[Ix |
\ apap-p \ ssh apx |
CtXyjm ]c-amXx ||

12. sFln-Im-ap-jvanI {hmX |

knssy apt kntb |
_lp-IrXyw ]pcm kymt |
XXv kh-a-[p\m IrXw ||
13. XtZh IrX-Ir-XyXzw |
{]Xn-tbm-Kn-]p-c-cw |
ZpxJnt\m f x kwk-cp |
Imaw ]p{Xm-Zy-t]-bm ||
14. ]cam\--]qtmlw |
kwk-cman Inan-bm |
A\p-Xn-jvTp ImWn |
]c-tem-I-bnbm khx ||

tem-I-n-sbpw Bm-hm-W,v kh-tem-I-a-b\

- m-Wv. B
nXnv Rms\-n\v Iw sNpp? CXn A[n-Imcn-I-fm-b-h thW-sa-n {]h-N-\tam thZm-[y-b-\tam \Sn-sm- -s.

16. tb f {Xm[m-Im-cntWm ta Xp |
\m[n-I mtcm f {Inb-XzXx |
\n{Zm-`nt kv\m\ iutN |
t\man \ Itcman N ||
17. {Zm-c-tXv Iev]-bp |
Inw ta kymZ\y Iev]-\mXv |
KpWvPm-]p-RvPmZn ZtlyX |
\m\ym tcm]nX hn\m
\m\ym-tcm-]nX kwkm-c
[m ss\h-alw `tP ||
18. irWz-z-m-XX
- -XzmkvtX |
Pm\ IkvamXv irtWm-arlw |
a\ymw kwi-bm-]m |
\ at\y f la-kw-ibx
19. hn]-cykvtXm \nZn-[ymtk |
Inw [ym\-a-hn-]-cytb |
tZlm--Xz-hn-]-cymkw |
\ IZm-NnXv `Pm-arlw |
20. Alw a\pjy CXymZn |
hyh-lmtcm hn\m-]yapw |
hn]-cymk Nncm`ykvX
hmk-\mtXm f hI-e v]tX

A[n-Im-c-ap--h {]-h-N\w \S-p-Itbm thZw ]Tnn-p-Itbm sNbvXpsIm-s. {Inbm-c-ln-X -\m-Ib

- m
15. kh-tem-Im- Iw Ikvam
F\nv AXn-\ -[ n-I m-c -an-. Rm \n{Ztbm `ntbm
Z\p XnjvTman Inw IYw |
kv\m\tam iuNtam B{K-ln-p- n-. ImgvN-m ap hn[n NnnpsIm-s. F\nv ap {]Im-c-n Nnnhymh-Xmw tX ikv{XmWn
n-sp Imcyw? ap--h am- Sn-p- cp-hn An BtcmthZm-\-[ym-] -bp hm
]n-tm-s. AXp-sImv am-Sn-pcp Ip-I-bn-. Fs
Bpw ebtam Dev]-ntbm C. Bcpw _\pw Dn {]m]-n-I- I--fpsS Btcm-]-an-. XXzw {Klnkm[-I\
- p-a-. apap-p-hp-an-, ap-\p-an-, Cl-]-c-temI m--h tIpsIm-s. Rm XXzw {Klnp Ign-p.
I-kn-nv A{]-Imcw apn-e-`n-m apv hf-sc- kwi- bm-ep- a\\w sN-s. hn]-co-X-]-cn-K-W\ Dsbms sNt--Xp-m-bn-cp-p. Ctm AsXmw h thW-sa-n \nZn[ymkw sNbvXp-sIm-- s. Fm
]qn- bm-bn. Av Hmtcm tbmK-sbpw apJy-ambn A\p- hn]-cymkw Cm-n-Sv [ym\-ns Bh-iy-sav?
k-m\w sNbvXv Ah-[q-X AXn kwXr-]X
v \pw IrX- tZls Bm- shp am\n- p hn]- cymkw F\nv C.
Ir-Xy-\p-am-Ip-p. Am-\n-I ]p{Xm-Zn-Ip thn AXn-\m F\nv \nZn-[ym-k-ns Bh-iy-hp-an- . Rm
ZpxJn IpSp-p-p. Fm Rm ]c-am-\--]q- a\p-jy-\mWv F Nnm-K-Xnbpw hn]-cymkw IqSmsX
\m-W.v ]c- tem- I-{]m-]vXn-bn B{K-l-ap- -h thW-sa- n Dm-Ip-n-. Cu hn]-cym-khpw ZoL-Im-em-`ym-k-m
B B{K-l-v {]hn--s. ]t, Rm kh- hmk\ sImmWv kw`-hn-p--Xv.

388

I 21.

Bc_v[ IWn otW |

hyh-lmtcm \nhtX |
I-tb Xzku ss\h |
imtay-ym\ kl-{kXx |

22. hnc-fXzw hyh-lrtX |

cnw tNym\ akvXp tX |
_mly-I-hy-h -l rXnw
]iy [ymbm-arlw IpXx
23. hntt]m \mknX bkvamt
\ kam[n kvXtXm aa I
hntt]m hm kam-[nhm |
a\kx kymZzn-Im-cnWx |
\nXym-\ p-` -h-cq-]ky tIm
ta f {Xm\p-`hx ]rYnIv ||
24. IrXw IrXy {]m]-Wobw |
{]m]vXn-an-tXyh \nXyix |
hyh-lmtcm euIntIm hm |
imkv{Xotbm hm f \yYm]n hm |
25. aam-I p-c -te-] ky
bYm-c_v[w {]htX ||

28. hnjvWpw [ymbXp [ocyZzm |

{_m-\t hneo-bXmw ||

29. IrX-Ir-Xy-Xbm Xr]vXmx |

{]m]vX-{]m-]y-Xbm ]p\x |
Xr]y-thw kza-\km |
a\ytX f ku \nc-cw ||
AYhm Rm IrX-Ir-Xy-\m-sW-nepw temIm-\p-{K-ln\v imkvt{Xm--hn-[n-b-\p-k-cnv \S-p-s- n F\ns-mWv lm\n? tZh-]qPmkv\m\w, iuNw, `n Fnhbn icocw hym]-cn--s. hmv HmwImcw P]n--s.
D]-\n-j-p- ]Tn--s. _pn hnjvWp[ym\-\n-c-X-amI-s. As- n {_m-\- - n ebn- -s . Rm
tIhew kmn am{Xw. Cu Imcy--sfm-pw Rm sNpn-. sNn- p- p-an-. IrX-Ir-Xy-\m-s W- -Xn Rm
Xr]vX -\ mWv. {]m]n-t- Xv Rm {]m]np Ign- p.
AXp-sImv Rm Xr]vX- \m-Ip-p. Cs\ Rm Nnnp- p.

30. [t\ym f lw [t\ym f lw |

\nXyw kzmm\ aRvPkm thZvan |
[t\ym f lw [t\ym f lw |
{_m-\tm hn`mXn ta kv]w ||
31. [t\ym f lw [t\ym f lw |
ZpxJw kmwkm-cnIw \ hnty f Zy |
[t\ym f lw [t\ym f lw |
kzky-m\w ]em-bnXw Izm]n ||

{_m_v[--fmb I- v bw kw`-hn-mte
Cu hyh-lmcw Ah-km-\n-p-I-bp-q. B \ne-b n
{]mc_v[ Iw Ah-km-\n-m-Xn-cn-p-n- S-tmfw F{Xtbsd [ym\w sNbvXmepw Cu hyh-lmcw ian- p-I-bn-.
hyh-lmcw Ipd-bW
- -sa-p-s-n [ym\np sImq. 32. [t\ym f lw [t\ym f lw |
Fm Fs Zrn-bn hyh-lm-cta C. B \ne-bn
Ihyw ta \ hnZytX InnXv |
Rm Fn\v [ym\n-Ww? F\nv hnt-]-an-. kam[t\ym f lw [t\ym f lw |
[n-bn-en-cn-t Bh-iy-hp-an-. a\v hnIm-c-bp-hpw
hnt- ]-bp--hp-am-Wv. Atm-gmWv kam[n th-Xv. Rm
{]m]vXhyw kh{X kw]w ||
\nXym-\p-`-h-cq-]-\mWv F\nv kam[n sImv F-\p-`hw
DmIpw? Rm sNt-Xv sNbvXp Ign-p. t\Sm-\p- 33. [t\ym f lw [t\ym f lw |
Xv t\Sn. AXn- \m F\nv euIn- I-amtbm Am-sXtbm
[t\ym [\yx ]p\]p-\[\yx |
Hcp hyh-lm-chpw A\p- jT
v n-t-- Xm-bn-n-. Rm Im[t\ym f lw [t\ym f lw |
h-. tIhew {]mc_v[ Im-\p-kr- X-amb {]h-\-
Xr]vXnta tIm]mam `th-tmtI
\S-s.

26. AYhm IrX-Ir-tXym]n |

temIm-\p-{Kl Imaybm |
imkv{Xn-tb-ssWh amtW |
htlw aa Im Xnx ||

34. Atlm ]pWy-atlm ]pWyw |

^enXw ^enXw ZrVw |
Aky ]pWyky ktx |
Atlm hb atlm hbw ||

27. tZhm-\-kv\m\ iuN

-`n-mZu hXmw h]px |
Xmcw P]Xp hmIv XZzXv |
]T-Xzm-av\mb akvXIw ||

35. Atlm m\-atlm m\

atlm kpJ-atlm kpJw |
Atlm imkv{X-atlm |
imkv{X-atlm Kpcp-ctlm Kpcpx ||

389

I 36.

CXn b CZ a[otXtkm f ]n IrX-I rtXym

`h-Xn. kpcm-]m-\mXv ]qtXm _h-Xn. kz-kvtXbmXv ]qtXm `h-X n. {_-l-XymXv ]qtXm-`-h-Xn.
IrXym-Ir-XymXv ]qtXm `h-Xn. Ghw hnZn-Xzm-tkzm-Nm-c-]tcm `qbmtZmw kXy-an-Xyp-]-\n-j-Xv.

ChnsS km-Zn-t-Xv km-Znp. Rm [\y-[-\y-\m-Wv,

Fs- m Fs Xr]vXnv temI-n Hcp D]-a-bn-.
Rm [\y-[-\y-\m-Wv. AXn-]pWyw Cu ]pWy kv
ZrV-ambn ^en-p. R [\y-[-\y-cm-W.v m\w kpJw
imkv{Xw Kpcp Fm-hcpw [\y-cm-Ip-p.

Rm [\y-\mWv, Rm [\y-\m-Wv. FpsImsm Rm {]bmkw IqSmsX Bm-hns\ Adn-bp-p.

Rm [\y- \m-Wv, [\y-\m- W.v ImcWw Fn {_m-\w
{]Im-in- p-p. Rm [\y- [-\y-\mWv Fp-sIm-s- m
Rm Ctm kmwkm-cnI ZpxJa-\p-`-hn-p-n-. Rm
[\y-[-\y-\m-Wv. ImcWw Fs Am\w \-am-bn-cn-pp. Rm [\y-[-\y-\m-W.v ImcWw F\nv sNt--Xmbn- smpw Xs- bn- . Rm [\y- [- \y- \m-Wv. ImcWw Rm

C{]-Imcw D]-\n-jv A[y-b\w sNp hyn

IrX- Ir-Xy-\m-bn-o-cp-p. aZy-]m-\n-bm-sW-nepw ]cn-ip-\m-bn-o-cpw. kz-tam-m-hm-sW-nepw {_-l-Xy-mc-\m-sW-nepw ]cn-ip--\m-Ip-p. Imcy-Im-cy- sNbvXh-s\nepw hnip--\m-Ip-p. C-s\-bp m\w e`n-Xn-\p-tijw Bm-\p-Iq-e -ambn {]hnmw Hmw
kXyw.
Ah-[q-tXm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

Btm-]-\n-jv

imn-]mTw
Hmw. `{Zw It`nx irWp-bma tZhmx `{Zw
]tiy-am- -`nb-P {Xmx nssc-cw-ssKkvX pjvSp
hmw- k - k v X - \ q- ` n hytia tZh- l nXw bZmbpx
kzkvXn \ Ct{m hrizmx hm kzkvXn \x]qjm
hniz-tZhmx kzkvXn \ kvXmty Acn-jvS-t\anx
kzkvXn t\m _rl-kv]-Xn Z[m-Xp. Hmw imnx
imnx imnx
tZh-m-sc, R-fpsS I- awKfw {ihn-pam-dm-I-s. Ip-I-fm awKfw ImWp-am-dm-I-s. Btcm-KZr-V-i-co-c-cmbn R \nsf kvXpXn-m-\n-S-h-cp-Ibpw
tZhm Rv \In-bn-p-n-S-tmfw Bbpv awKf-ambn ]cn-Wa
- n-n-p-Ibpw sNp-am-dm-Is alm-Ionam-\mb C{ Rv awK-fa
- c
- p-ft- W. hniz-th-mhmbm ]qjmhv Rv awK-f-a-cp-ftW. A{]-Xn-tcm-[y-KXn- bmb Kcp-U Rv awKfw \I-tW. _rl-kzXn
Rv awKfw \I-tW. Hmw. imnx imnx imnx

1. lcnx Hmw. AYmw-Kncm kv{Xnhn[ ]pcp-j-kvXZ- yYm-_

- m-lym A-cmm ]c-amm tNXn.
2. XzIv N amwk-tcm-amw-Kp-jvTm-Kpeyx ]rjvT-hwi-\J
- K
- p-evt^m-Zc \m^n ta{U ISyp. cp It]me
t{im{X {`qe- e mS _mlp- ] miz intcm- [ - a \n
ImoW n `hn PmbtX {InbX CtXyj
_mlymm
3. AYm--cmm \ma ]rYn hym]-kvtX-tPm-hm-bpcm-Im-ti-m-tZz-j-kp-JZ- pxJ Ima-taml hnI-ev]-\mZn`nx kvarXn-enwK DZm-m\p Zm {lkz-ZoLp-X-kvJ-en-X-KPn-X-kv^p-SnX apZnX \rKoX
hmZn{X {]f-b-hn-Prw-`n-Xm-Zn`nx t{imXm {LmXm ckbnXm am t_mm Im- h n- m- \ m- m,
]pcpjx ]pcm-W-\ym-b-aowamw km [ imkv{XmWoXn {ihW {LmWm- I jW I hntijWw Itcym-tXy-tjm-c
- mm \ma.

390

AwKn-cv F ]c-am-m-hv, Bmhv A-cm-mhv, ]c-am-m-hv, Fo aqp-hn-[-n Dm-bn. ico-cnse sXmen, Nw, amwkw, apSn, AwKpjvTw, hnc-epI, \sv, \Jw, IW-m, hb-dv, \m`n, aqt{X-{nbw,
ISn {]tZiw, PwL, Igp-v, sNhn, ]pcn-Iw, s\n, _mlp]mizw, inc-v, [a-\n- I, Ip-I Ch-bmWv As
ZrjvSn- bn Bm-hns kzcq-]w. Ah Xs- bmWv Bmshpw Ah-bpsS D`-hhpw \mihpw Dm-Ip--XpsImv Bmhpw P\-\-a-cW kz`m-h-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-XmsWpw [cn-p-p. Cs\ A-cm-mhpw ]rYzn, Pew,
tXPv, hmbp, BImiw XpS- nb {Zhy- fpw CmtZzjkp- J- Zpx-JmZn KpW- fpw Imaw, tamlw, Xw, hnXw,
kvarXn, enwKw, DZmw, A\p-Zmw, {lkzw, ZoLw,
pXw XpS-nb kzc-t`-Z-fpw kvJenXw, KPnXw, kv^p
SnXw, arZnXw, \rXyw, KoXw, hmZn{Xw XpS-nb [z\n
kzcq-]-fpw {]f-b-hn- Prw- `- Wm-Zn-I-fm t{imXmhv {LmXmhv
ck-bn-Xmhv t\Xmhv Imhv hnm-\m-mhv ]pcm-W]p-cp-j \ymbw aoamwk XpS-nb [ imkv{X-fpw
Ah-b n-s emw A-cym-a n-b mbn {ihWw {LmW\w
BIjWw Fn-hbpw I- hn-tijW-fpw Cu Acm-mhv A\p-jvTn-p-p.

4. AY ]c-amm \ma bYm-cw D]m-k-\obx k

N {]mWm-bm-a -{]-X ym-l m-cm-[ m-c -W m-[ym-\ -k-a m-[ntbm-Km-\p-am-\m-[ymNn-Iw hS-I-Wn-Imhm iymamI-X -WvU ptem hm _mem-{K-i-Xk
- -l{k hnI-e v]\m`nx k e`ytX t\m]- e -`ytX \ PmbtX \
{anbtX \ ipjyXn \ nZytX \ ZlyXn \
I tX \ `nZ y tX \ O nZ y tX \ n K p - W x kmo`qXx iptm \nc- h - b - h mm tIhex
kqvtam-\n-jvItem \nc-RvPt\m \nhn-Im-c x-i_vZk
- v]i-c q-] -c-kK
- --hPntXm \nhn-I evt ]m
\ncm- I mw x k h- h y m]o tkm N nt ym
\nhWy ]p\m-Xy-ip-m-\y-]q-Xm\n \njv{Inb
kvXky kwkmtcm \mkvXo-Xn.

A]-hn-{X-hp-am-b-Xns\ iphpw ]hn-{X-hp-am-Ip-p. AXn\v

kmwkm-cnI _-\a
- n-.

1. B-kwx inhx ipx |

GI Ghm-Zzbx kZm |
{_-cq-]X
- bm {_ |
tIhew {]Xn-`m-ktX |
2. PKXvcq]-X-bm-t]y-XXv |
{_ss h {]Xn `mktX |
hnZym hnZym-Zzn-t`-tZ\ |
`mhm-`m-hm-Zn-t`-ZXp | |
3. Kpcp-in-jym-Zn-t`-tZ\ |
{_ssh tIh-ew-ipw |
hnZytX XXz Zit\ | |
\ N hnZym \ NmhnZym |
\ PK \ Nm]cw kXy-tXz\ PKZv `m\w |
kwkm-cky {]hIw |
Ak-Xy-tXz\ `m\w Xq |
kwkm-cky \nhIw |
LtSm b anXn hnmXpw |
\nbax tIm\z-t]--tX. | |
Bmhv inhhpw iphpw GIhpw AZz-bhpw {_kz-cq- ]hpw Bb-Xp- sImv tIhe {_- kz-cq-]-n {]Xn`m-kn-p-p. PK-{Zq-]
- nepw {_w Xs-bmWv {]Xn-`mkn-p--X.v hnZy, Ahn-Zy, `mhw, A`mhw Cu t`Z-tmsS
{]Xn-`m-kn-p-Xpw {_w Xs. Kpcp-in-jy Cu t`Zn ImW-s-Sp-Xpw {_w Xs. XXz Zi-\-n
kh-{X {]Xn-`m-kn-p-Xv {_-am-Ip- p. bYm-n
hnZy-bnm Ahn-Zy-bn-. PK-p-an asmpw Xs kXyhp-a-. kXy-tmsS PK-Zv`m\w Xs-bmWv CXns
{]h-I. Ak-Xy-tXz\ {]]-s {]Xn `mkn-np-X
- v, CXns \nh-I-\m-Ip-p. \psS apn
Ccn-p IpSw IpS-sa--dn- bp-hm {]tXyI \nb-a-sampw
B{i-bn-t--Xn--tm.

]c-am-mhv tImSn-I-W-n\v Pohn-If

- m Cuiz-c-cq]-n Bcm-[n--s-Sp--Xn-\m Dm-Ip-X
- p-t]mse
Cu ]c-am-c ]c-am-mhpw {]mWm-bmaw {]Xym-lmcw
[mcW [ym\w kam[n tbmKw A\p-am\w B-hn-Nn6. hn\m-{]-am-W-kp-jvSpXzw |
\w apX-em-bh aptJ\ Ghpw kqvahpw Hcp Xebkvan kXn ]Zm[o |
ap- S n- b psS A- ns Bbn- c - n- s em- n- s \- m
Ab-amm \nXy-knx |
kqvahpw "B ]c-{_w Rm\m-Ipp' F Nnm-KXn-bm e`n-p-Itbm e`n-m-Xn-cn-p-Itbm sNp--Xp{]amtW kXn `mktX | |
am-Ip-p. AXv Hcn-epw P\n-p-n-, hnd-bvp-n-.
s]mp-n-. tOZn-s
- -Sp-n-. AXv \nKp-Whpw kh- 7. \ tZiw \m]n Imew hm |
\ipow hm]y-t]-tX |
{]-am-W-`q-Xhpw ip-kz-cq-]hpw \n-e\pw \nc-RvP-\\pw
hnIm-c-lo-\\pw i_vZc
- q-]-c-k-lo-\\pw m\-c-ln-X\pw
tZh-Ztm lan-tXy-XXv |
\nhn-I-ev]\pw BImw--bn-m--h\pw kh-hym-]nbpw
hnm\w \nc-t]-I
- w. | |
ANn-y\pw hm-\m-Xo-X-\p-am-Ipp AXv. Aip-hpw

XZv {_-hn-tZym]y |

391

ky{_-m-l-anXn thZ\w |

Iph-]n \ Iphm-W

`m\p-t\h PKZv khw |

`mkytX bky tXPkm |
A\m-I ak-pw |

mt`mm ^e-t`ym-Ky]n | |

Inw \p Xkyh `mkIw |

thZ-imkv{X ]pcm-Wm\n |
`qXm\n kI-em-\y]n |
10. tb\m-hn Xw Inw \p |
hnm-Xmcw {]Im-it- bXv |
p[mw tZl-hyYmw Xyzm |
_mex {IoUXn hkvXp\n | |
11. XssYh hnZzm catX |
\nta \nclw kpJo |
Imam \njvIm acq-]okw |
Nc-tXyI Ntcm ap\nx | |
{]amWw IqSmsX Xs apn-en-cn-p Hmtcm
]Zm- n-sbpw m\w knn- p- p- v. AXp
t]mse \nXy-kn-a
- mb Cu Bmhv {]Xy--{]-am-Wn\p tij-amWv {]Xn-`m-kn-p-X
- v. Hmtcm hkvXphpw
{_ kzcq-]-am-b-Xn-\m {]am-Ws
- ampamh-iy-an-. DZml-c-W
- n\v tZh-Z- F Hcp hyn-bpsS \ma-sa-Spp-I. AXns m\w \nc-t]--am-Wv. AXn\v tZi
Imem-Zn-I \nc-t]--am-Wv.
{_- m- \n- bpsS ""Rm {_- amWv'' F t_m[w
Xs-bmWv {] kmm-Xvm-cw. kIe PKpw kqcy\m {]Im-in-X-am-bn-cn-p-X
- p-t]mse AJWvU {]WvUhpw AXns tXP-p-sImp Xs {]Im-in-p-p.
AXns {]Xy knn-bn asmcp {]amWw tXSp-Isb-Xv A\m--Ihpw Akm-chpw Xp-hp-am-Wv. thZw
imkv{Xw ]pcmWw hnhn[ Pohn-I Fnh Bcp aqeamtWm kmIam-bn-cn-p-Xv hnm-Xm-hmb B
{_s GsX-nepw {]am-W
- n\v {]am-Wo-I-cn-m
km[y-amtWm? hnipw thZ-\bpw adv _me-I Ifnbn apgp-In-bn-cn-p--Xp-t]mse m\n aa-Xm-lo-\\pw
Al-m-c-lo-\\pw kpJnam\pambn {_-n B\-np-sIm-n-cn-p-p. ap\n Ima-\I
- -sfm-p-an-msX kpJtmsS GIm-In-bmbn hnN-cn-p-p.

12. kzm-ss\h kZm-XpjvSx |

kzbw khm-\m nXx |
\n[t\m ]n kZm XpjvtSm |
]y klmtbm alm _ex | |
13. \nXyx Xr]vtXm ]y`p-RvPm-t\m
]ykax ka-Zi\x |

14. ico-cy-]y-ic
- o-tcyj |
]cn-ntm ]n khKx |
Ai-cocw kZm k
anZw {_-anZw IzNnXv | |
15. {]nbm-{]ntb \ kv]piXx |
kvXssYh N. ip`m-ip`x |
Xa-km-{K-kvX -h-Zv`m-\ m
Z{Kkvt Xm ]n chnss\x
kzw Bm-hn Ftmgpw kp-jvS\pw kzbw
kh-KX
- \pw BsWp Nnnp \n[-\s
- \-nepw kpjv S-\m-b n, \n-l m-b -s\- nepw _e-h m-\ mbn Blm-csampw Ign-n-s-nepw kwXr-]vX-\mbn Ak-a-\m-sWnepw ka-Zin-bm-bn, Im-hm-sW-nepw AImhmbn ^e-t`m-m-hm-sW-nepw At`m-m-hmbn ico-cnbm- sW-nepw ico- c-lo-\-\mbn ]cn-n-- \m-sW-nepw khhym-]n-bmbn ImW-s-Sp {_-m-\nsb Hcn-Spw
{]nbm-{]n-b- kv]in-p-n-. Ah Hcmsf {]nbs\tm thmsdm-cp-s\ A{]n-b-s\tm Icp-Xp-n-.
AXp-t]mse ip`m-ip`fpw Ahs\ kv]in-p-n-.
Ahs ZrjvSn-bn kI-eXpw Xpey-am-Wv. kqcy Ccpn ad-sp tXmp-sa-nepw ad-n-n-.

16. {KkvX CXyp NyptX {`mym

hymXzm hkvXpeWw |
XZz-t-lm-Zn-_-tt`ym |
hnapw {_-hn-aw
17. ]iy-n tZln-h
- qVm |
ico-cm-_m-k-Zi\mXv |
Aln-\nez-b-\o-hmbw |
ap-tZl kvXpXn-jvTXn | |
18. CX-kvXX mey-amt\m |
bXv InnXv {]mW-hm-bp\m |
t{kmXkm \obtX Zmcp |
bYm \navt\m-X
-
ew | |
19. ssZth\ \nbtX tZtlm
XYm Imtem ]n-]vXnjp
eym-ey KXnw Xyzm |
bkvXn-jvtTXv tIh-em-\m | |
20. inh Gh kzbw kmm
Zbw {_ hnZp-ax |

392

Poh-th kZm apx |

IrXmtm {_ hnax | |

{]m]n--X n-\p-tijw {_- m\n {_-k z-cq-]-a m-bns `hn-p-p. ]men ]mepw F-bn Fbpw
Pe-n Pehpw tNm Ah Hm-bn-o-cp--Xp-t]mse-bmWv B-m-\n-bmb ap\n-bp-sSbpw Bm-hnsbpw nXn hntZl ssIhey {]m]vXn-p-tijw km{Xhpw AJWvU hn{K-l-hp-amb {_ `mhs {]m]nv
bXn ]noSv kwkmc N{I-n s]v Bh {]{In-bn s]Sp-n-. Fs-m kZm--IXz hnm-\m Ahs hnZybpw Ahn-Zybpw Fmw \in-p-p.

hkvXpX a\-n-em-msX {`mn-aqew kqcy Ccpn ad-p-shv Nnn--s-Sp-p. AXp-t]mse tZlmZn

_--fn \npw ap-\mb {_-m-\nsb ico-cm`m-k-m Adn-hn-m Bfp-I tZl-tmSp IqSn-bh-s\v a\-n-em-p-p. ]mv ]Sw s]mgn-p-X
- n-t\mSv
CXns\ Xmc-Xa
- y-s-Sp-mw. ]mns ]Sw ]mm-Ip-Inb--tm. \Zn-bn XSn-I Hgp-In-tm-Ip--Xp-t]mse `mKyn tZlhpw Ime-ns {]hm-l
- n Hmtcm Znn- 26. Aapjy {_-`q-X-Xz-amXv |
tev \bn-s
- -Sp-p. C-s\-bm-sW-nepw eym-e{_mWx IpX Dhx |
y-KXn ssIhnv tIh-em-m-hn Xs kpn-X\
- mambm n]vXu _-tamu |
bn-cn-p--h {_-m-\n-I-fn t{ijvT\pw kmm
\ kvXx kzm\n hkvXpXx ||
inh\pw inh-kz-cq-]-\p-am-Ip-p. IrXm-\mb {_m\n Poh-p-\pw imiz-X\
- p-am-Wv.
27. bYm cu \njv{In-bmbmw |

21. D]m-[n-\m-imXv {_ssh |

kZv {_m-t]yXn \nZzbw |
ssieqtjm thj kZv`mhm
`mh-tbm bYm ]pam ||
22. XssYh {_-hnXv t{ijvTx |
kZm {_ss h \m]cx |
LtS \jvtS bYm thyma |
thymssah `hXn kzbw ||
23. XssY-thm-]m[n hnetb |
{_ssh {_-hnXv kzbw |
ocw otc bYm n]vXw |
ssXew ssXte Pew Pte |
24. kwbp taIXmw bmXn |
XYm--\ym hnp\nx |
Ghw hntZl ssIheyw |
km-{X-Xz-a-J-WvUnXw ||

km-`m-k-hn-\n au |
BhrtXm kZ-kX
- zm`ymw |
hthy _-tam-tW ||
28. \mhr-Xn{_ ImNn
Z[ym-`-hm-`-h\m hrXw |
AkvXoXn {]Xytbm b |
b \mkvXoXn hkvXp\n ||
29. _pt-tch KpWm-t]Xu |
\ Xp \nXyky hkvXp\x |
AXkvXu ambbm n]vXu |
_-tamu \ Nm\n ||
30. \njvIte \njv{Intb imt |
\nc-htZy \nc-RvPt\ |
AZzn-Xotb ]tc XtXz |
thyma-hXv Iev]\m IpXx |

25. {_-`mhw {]]-ssZyj |

bXn \mh tX ]p\x |
kZm-I
- Xz hnm-\
ZKv[m hnZymZn hjvaWx ||

31. \ \ntcmt[m \ tNmXv]

- n
\ _tm \ N km[Ix |
\ apap-p\ sshapx |
CtXy-jm, ]c-amXm |
CXyp-]-\ n-j- Xv.

m\n D]m[n \mi-m {_ kzcq-]\

- mbn
{_-lo-\-\mbn `hn-p-p. AXv \nen-b-am-Wv. \S
cwK- n ]e-t h-j - nepw {]Xy- -s -Sm-s a- nepw
bYm-ap Hcp hyn-bm-W-tm. AXp-t]mse {_m-\nbpw {_w Xs-bm-Wv. IpSw DS-p-t]m-bm
IpS-ns Dn-ep-m-bn-cp BImiw BIm-ia
- m-bns Ah-ti-jn-p-p. AXp-t]mse D]m[n hnebw

bXn {_-cq-]-am-b-Xn-\p-tijw B {_-n\v Fs\-bmWv Dev]n? ambm \nn-X-amb _-tam--

bYm-n {_-n-\n-. {Inbm-ln-\-amb Ib-dn
k-{`mn Dm-b-Xn-\p-tijw AXv Ah-km-\np Ignm ]ns tIhew Ib am{X-sa t_m[w hcpp. AXp-t]mse Xs kZ-k-Zv`m-h
- m Bm-hn
_-tam- -ap-f-hm-p--Xpw, Cm-Xm-Ip- Xpw {_-n\v

393

I Bhr-n-bn-. AXv Bhr-Xhpw A\m-hr-Xh- p-am-sWv

tXmpw. ambm-P-\n-X-amb _-tam-- Bm-hn-\n. \njv I-fhpw \njv{In-bhpw imhpw \nc-h-Zyhpw
\nRvP-\hpw AZzn-Xo-b-hp-amb ]c-a-X-Xz-n LSm-Imiw
aTm-Imiw XpS-nb `mh-\I
- v Xpeyw hn`n-X Iev]n-

m Fs\ Ignbpw? bYm-n {_-n\v

\ntcm-[a
- n-, P-an-, AXv _-a km[-I-\p-a
- , apapp-h-, ap-\p-a Fv D]-\n-jv hy-am-p-p.

Btm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

B-{]-t_m-t[m-]-\nv 3

imn- ] mTw
Hmw hmMvta a\kn {]Xn-jvTnXm at\m ta hmNn
{]Xn-jvTn-Xa
- m-hn-cm-hoa G[n th[-kya BWox
{ipXw taam-{]-hm-koc t\\m-[o-tX\m tlmcm-{XmXv
kwZ-[man EXw hZn-jym-an. kXyw hZn-jym-an. Xma-h-Xp. XZz-m-c-a-h-Xp. A]-Xp-amw. Ah-Xp-h-m-ca-hXp hm-cw. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
Hmw. Fs hmv a\-n nc-am-bn-cn-tW. a\v
hmn nc-am-bn-cn-tW. tl kzbw {]Im-im-m-th,
Av Fs apn {]Xy--am-I-tW. hmMv a\-p-Is
- f,
\n Fs thZ-m-\-n-\m-[m-c-am-Wv. AXn-\m
Fs thZm-[y-b\
- s \in-n--cp-Xv. Cu thZm-[y-b\
- n Xs-bmWv Rm cmhp ]Iepw Nne-hg- n-p-Xv.
Rm am\-kn-I-ambpw hmNn- I-ambpw kXyw ]dbpw Fs
cn-p-I. hm-hns\ cn-p-I. Fs cn-p-I.
hm-hns\ cn-p-I. Hmw imnx imnx imnx

1. Hmw {]Xy-Km-\w {_-]p-cpjw {]W-h-kz-cq]w

BImc DIm-c-a-Imc CXn {Xycw {]Whw XtZ
XtZm-anXn bap-zm-ap-NytX tbmKn P-kw-km-c_
- -\mXv \tam Hmw \tam \mcm-b-Wmb iwJ {IKZm-[ -c mb XkvamXv Hmw \tam \mcm-bWm tbXn
at{m-]mkvtIm sshIpWvT `ph\w Kan-jyXn

tbmKn kmwkvIm-cnI _- \-n \n apI- X-\mbn Xocpp. iwJ-N-{I-[m-cn-bmb \mcm-bW

- \v \a-kvImcw AXpsImv Hmw \tam \mcm-b-Wmb \ax F a{w D]m-knp--h sshIpWvT temIw {]m]n-p-p.

2. AY bZnZw {_-]pcw ]p-coIw Xkvam-Un-Zm` am{Xw Zo]-hXv {]Imiw

Cu lrZ-bI
- a
- ew {_-]p-c-am-Wv. AXv Xs-bmWv
hnZyp-n\p Xpey-amb Zo]-k-am-\-ambn {]Im-in-p-sIm-ncn-p--Xv.

3. {_tWym tZh-Io-]p{Xm {_tWym

a[p kqZ\x
{_Wyx ]p-co-Imtm {_tWym
hnjvWp-c-NypXx
tZh-Io-]p-{X {_-kz-cq-]-\m-Wv. a[p-kq-Z-\ {_kz-cq-]-\m-W.v ]p-co-Im- {_-kz-cq-]-\m-W.v ANypX-\mb hnjvWp {_m-- I\
- m-Wv.

4. kh-`q-X--taIw \mcm-bWw Imc-W-]p-cp-ja-Im-cWw ]cw-{_ Hmw.

kh-`q-Xm-- cm- m-hmbn GI-\mb \mcm- b-W Xsbm-W v. ImcW ]pcp-j Atlw Imc-W -c -l n-X\pw
{_hpw Hmw Imc-hp-am-Ip-p.

{]Xy- Km- \- -amb {_- ]p- cp- j AImcw DImcw aImcw

Fo aqv A-c--tfmSp IqSnb {]W-h-kz-cq-]-\m-Wv. 5. timI- tam-l -h n-\ naptm hnjvW p-[ ym- b
AXp {]W-h-sa Hmm-cw Xs-bmWv. AXp P]n-m koZ-Xn. ssZzXm-ssZz-X-abw `hXn artXymxk arXyp-

am-]vt\mXn b Cl \mt\h ]iy-Xn.

394

alm-hn-jvWp-hns\ [ym\n-p--h timI-tam-lh

- n\np--\mbn `hn-p-p. Ah\v Xf-bp-m-Ip-n- .
Ah ssZzX-ssZzX kzcq-]\pw A`-b-kz-cq-]-\p-am-W.v Cu
{_-n t`Zw ImWp--h arXyp-hn\v tijhpw arXyphn-s\-s {]m]n-p-p.

6. lrXv] - -at[y khw b Xv {]mt\

{]Xn- j v T nXw {]m- t \t{Xm temIx {]m
{]XnjvTm {]m\w {_
7. k GtX\ {]t- \ m- - \ m- k v a m- t m- I mXv
DXv{Iay Aap-jvan kzt temtI khmImam-\m-]vXzm-arXx ka-`h ZarXx ka-`h
- Xv
8. b{X tPymX-c-P{kw bkvan temtI f `ylnXw
Xkvan amw tZln kzam \artX temtI AtX
ANyptX temtI AtX Aar-XXzw NK-tXymw
\ax
lrXv ]-a-[y-n nXn sNp kh kzcq-]amb {_w Xs- bmWv {]m-\-n {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bncn-p--Xv. temIw {]-bm-Ip t\{X-tmSp IqSn-b-XmWv. {]-{]-XnjvT {]m]n-p-p. {_w {]m-\-kz-cq-]am- W.v Bm\n DXvIr--amb m\m-- I-amb B- kzcq-]-n Cu temI-n \npw DXv{I-anv kz-n
kh-B{K-lfpw km[nv Aa-c-\mbn `hn-p. FhnsS
\nXyhpw tPymXn-p-v, GXp temIv Fm `mK-p\np ]qP \S-pp B Aa-c-tem-Iv Av F\nv
kzam\w {]Zm\w sNp-I. A\-iz-chpw A-b-hp-amb B
temI-n Ah Kan-p-p.

cmw Jw
1. {]K-fnX \nP amtbm f lw \nkvXp-e-Zr-in-cq]
hkv Xp-amt{Xm f lw. AkvXa
- n-Xm-ltm lw {]KfnX PK-Zoi Poh-t`tZm f lw
Rm ambm-ap--\m-Ip-p. \nkvXpey Zi\ kzcq-]hkvXp am{X- am-W v. Rm Al \in--h-\m-I p-p.
Poh\pw ]c-am-mhpw Xn t`Zw AkvX-an--h-\m-Ip-p.

2. {]Xy-K-`n- -]tcm f lw hn[z-kvXm-ti-j-hn-[nXn

tjt[m f lw, kap-Z-kvXm-{i-antXm f lw {]hnX
kpJ ]q kwhn-tZ-hmlw

Rm kmnbpw \nc-t]-- \p-am-Wv. Rm kza-ln-abn nXn sNp- -h\pw AN-e-\p-am-Wv. Rm AP-c\pw

Ahy-b\pw ]-hn-]-mZn t`Z-an-m--h-\p-am-W.v

4. Ah-t _m-ss[-I-ctkm f lw tamm-\-ss-Ikn-kp-tc-hm-lw, kqvtaml f atcm f lw hnKfnX KpW-Pmem tIh-em-lw

Rm Ah-t_m-ss[-I-c-k\pw tamm-\-ss-I-km-Kchpw kqvahpw A-chpw KpW-Pm-ea
- p--amb tIhem-m-hp-am-W.v

5. \nkv s s{X-Kp- W y-] tZm f lw Ipn- m-t \Item II- e - t \mlw IqS- - t N- X t\m f lw
\njv{In-b -[mam f la-{]-XtIymlw
Rm \nkvss{X-Kp-Wy-h-Z\pw At\I temI-sf
Ipn- bn-sem-Xn-n-b-h\pw IqS--tN-X\pw \njv{I-b-[mamhpw A{]-XIy-\p-am-W.v

6. GtIm f la-hn-Item f lw \n-e\

- nhm-Waqn-tc-h mlw \nc-] -b thm f latPym f lw
tIhe km-{X-km-c-`qtXm f lw
Rm GI\pw Ahn-I - e \pw \n- e -\ nhm-W aqnbpw \nIr-h-b-hw AP\pw tIhe km-{X-km-c\p-am-W.v

7. \nc-h -[n-\n-P-t_mt[m f lw ip`-X-c-`mthm f

la-{]t`
tZym f lw hn`q-c-la
- -\-htZym f lw \nc-h[n
\noa XXz-amt{Xm f lw
Rm \nc-h-[n-t_m[w tN-h\pw ip`-X-c-`m-h\pw
A{]-t`-Zy\pw hn`phpw A\-h-Zy\pw At As A\-X-X z-hp-am- W.v

8. thtZym f lam-K-am-ss-cm-cm[yx kI-e-`q-h-\lrtZym f lw. ]c-am-\-L

- t\m f lw ]c-am-\-ssI- Zq-a -cq-t]mlw
Rm thZ--fm Adn-b-s-tS--h\pw Bcm-[y\pw
kI-e-`p-h-\-lr-Zy\pw ]c-am-\-- kz-cq-]\pw ]c-am-\-ssI
kmm-Xvm-c-hp-am-W.v

9. iptm f la-Zz-tbmlw k-X-`mthm f lamZn

iqt\ym f lw. ian-Xmx {XnXtbm f lw.

Rm {]Xy-Km-m-hn \nv A`n--amb ]c-am-m-hm_ptm-a p-tm-l-a -p-Xm- mlw

Wv. Fm hn[n-\n-tj-[-fpw F\nv Cm-Xmbn. Rm
B{i-a-[-amsI ssIhnp Rm kpJ-k-q\pw
Rm ip\pw B-c\pw imiz-X-hn-m-\-k-a-cm\-kz-cq-] -\p-am-W.v
k\pw tim[nX ]c- X-Xz\pw t_m[m- \- ss-I- aqn-bp-am-Wv.

3. kmy-\-t]tm f lw \nP-a-lnav\n kwtm

f la-N tem f lw. APtcm f la-hytbm f lw
]- hn-]-m-Zn-t`-Z-hn-[p-tcmlw

10. iptZ[m f lam- tcm f lw imiz-X-hn-P-R m\- k - a - c - k m- m- l w. tim[n- X - ] - c X tXzm f lw.

t_m[m-\ -ss-I-aqn-tc-hmlw

395

I 11.

hnth-I-bpn _pymlw Pm\m-ay-m-\-a-Zzbw

XYm]n _-tam-mZn hyh-lmcx {]Xo-btX

hnth-I-bpn Ie _pn-bm Bmhv AssZzX-sa--dn-bp-p-sh-nepw F\nv _tam mZn hyh-lmc-ns {]Xo-X-bp-m-Ip-p.

12. \nhr-tm]n f {]]tm ta kXy-hZv `mXn

khZm
kmZu cp-k-th {_-k-ssh
tIhew
Fs Zrn-bn \npw {]]w hfsc Zqsc-bm-sWnepw AXv kXy-sa t]mse tXmp-p. km-Zn-If
- n
cp-J--ns k D- Xp-t]mse Xs- bmWv {]]-ns AkvXn-Xzw.

13. {]]- m-[ mc cqt]W htX f tXm PK l n btY - I pj c k - k w - h y] vX m i c m

htX XYm

jy hnjw XyPn-p--Xp-t]mse Rm\pw Bm-hns\

Inv A\m-m-hns\ XyPn-p-p.

18. LS-h-`mkvtIm `m\p LS-\mti \ \iyXn

tZlm-h-`m-kIx kmo tZl-\mti \ \iy-Xn.
LSw {]Im-in-n-p kqcy LS-n\v \miw kw`hn-mepw \in-p-n-. AXp-t]mse icocw {]Im-in-np kmn tZl-\miw kw`-hn-mepw \in-p-n-.

19. \ta _tm \ta-ap-n \ta imkv{Xw \ta

Kpcp
ambm-am{X hnIm-k-Xzm-m-bm-XotXm f l aZzbx
F\nv _-\-an-. tam-hp-an-. F\nv imkv{Xan Kpcp-hp- an-. Fs- m CsXmw amb-bpsS hnImkw
am{X-am-W.v

20. {]mWm-e
- p Xss Imssahm
l\yXmw a\x
B\--_pn ]q-ky-aa ZpxJw IYw `thXv

{_- k am{X- amWv {]]- - n- \m- [mcw PKv A.

{]mW s]mbvsm--s. a\v kz[--tfmSpw
]-kmc Icn-ns ck-m hym]vX- am-sW-- Xp- t]m-se- Ima-\-I-tfm-Sp-samw \in-p-sIm--s. B\--k-q-\mbm-W- Xv.
I-bm F\n-s-s\ ZpxJap-m-Ipw.

14. AZzb {_-cq-t]W hym]vtXm f lw ssh

P-K -{Xbw
{_mZn IoS ]cym {]mWnt\m abn
Iev]nXmx

21. Bm-\-a-RvPkm thZvan Izm]y-m\w

]em-bnXw
IXr-Xz-aZy ta \w Ihyw hm]n \
IzNnX

AssZzX {_-cq-]
- n Rm {Xn`p-h-\
- -fnepw
hym]n-n-cn-p-p. {_w apX IoSw hsc-bp--sXmw
Fn HXp-p-p.

Bm-h ns\ A\m- b mkw Rm\- d n-b p- p. Fs

Am\w FhnsS t]msb-s- \n--dn-p-IqSm. Ctm
Fs Ihyw \-am-bn. F\nv Ihyw Hp-an-.

15. _pZv_p-ZmZn hnIm-cm--kvX-cmKm kmKtc bYm

Xcw-Kw {Zhw knp\ hmwRvO-cXn bYm XYm
hnj-bm-\ hmRvOm ta amq-Zm-\ cq]Xx

22. {_Wyw Ipe-tKmt{X N \ma-ku-cy PmXbx

qe-tZ-l-KXm GtX qemXv `nky ta
\ ln

kap-{Z-m Ipanf apX Xnc-am-eh

- s
- c-bp cq]{_Wyw Ipew tKm{Xw \maw kucyw PmXn Ch
]n-X-am- bn-cn-p--Xp-t]mse Fs Dn {_mZn qe-tZ- l- K- X- - fm-Wv. Rm qe-cq- ]- n \npw `nIoS- ]- cy- - ap Fm Pohn-Ifpw Iev]n- X- am-Wv. kap{Zw Xcw- \m-I-bm F\nv Ah-bp-ambn _-an-.
K-nse Pew {Kln-m--Xp-t]mse tIh-em-\ kzcq-]23. pXv]n-]m-km-y-_m-[ncy Ima-t{Im[m Ztbm
\m-I-bm F\nv hnj-bm-\--n Xmev]-cy-an-.

16. Zmcn- {Zy-im- bYm \mkvXn kwk-]-Xn ky XYm aa

{_m-\t \na-ky hnj-bmim \ XZv `thXv

f Jnem
enwK tZl KXm GtX lyenw-Kky \ kn ln

pv ]n]mk AX _m[ncyw Imaw t{Im[w Fo

[\-hm\v Zmcn-{Zy-s--n-bp Bi-v km[y-X-bn-mFm [- epw enwK ico- c-n nXn- sN- p-
p. Rm
-Xp-t]mse {_m-\--n \na--\mb F\nv hn{`enwK ico-c-a-m--Xp-sImv Fn Ah-sbm-p-an-.
bmian.

17. hnjw Zrzm f arXw Zrzm-hnjw XyPnXn

_pn-am
Bm-\-a]n Zrzmlm a\m-m\w XyPm-arlw
hnjw AarXw Fnh ImWp- tm _p-am- \mb a\p-

24. PU-Xz-{]-b -tam-ZXz [m ImcW tZl-Km\

kn aa \nXyky \nhn-Imc kzcq-]nWx
PUXzw {]nb-tam-ZXzw Fnh ImcW ico-c-[-fm-Wv. \nXy\pw \nhn-Im-c-kz-cq-]-\p-am-I-bm Cu [ Fs _m[n-n-.

396

I 25. Deq-Iky bYm `m\p c-Imcx {]Xo-btX

kz{]-Imti ]cm-\t Xtam aqVky PmbtX

n\p \n_n-m- - Im-c- am-Ip Am\w \in- n- m Ignbp-p.

aqv kqcy A-Im-c-a-b-am-bn- Im-Wp--Xp-t]mse 29. Ime {Xtb bYm ktm cu-\mkvXn
Am-\nv kzbw {]Im-i-amb ]cam-\--n AmXYm abn
\ta ImWm km[n-p-p-q.
Al-m-cmZn tZlmw PK-m-kvXy-la
- -Zzbx

26. NXp Zrn-\n-tcmt[ f ss{`kqtcym \mkvXoXn

a\ytX
XYm-m-\m-hrtXm tZlo {_-\m-kvXoXn
a\ytX
\mep-`m-K-p-\npw taL- Zrn \ntcm-[n-ptm kqcy-\n-sv Bfp-Iv tXmp--Xp-t]mse
Am-\m-hr-X-\mb Pohn {_w Csv Icp-Xp-p.

27. bYm-arXw hnjmZv `nw hnj-tZm-ssj \

en]ytX
\ kv]riman PUmXv `ntm PU-tZm-`m-{]Im-iXx

{XnIm-e
- -fnepw Ib-dn k-an-m-Xp-t]mse
Al- mcw apX taml-]-cy-- ap PK-v. Fs Dn
{XnIm-e--fnepw C.

30. Nn-{Zq-a-Xzm ta PmUyw kXy-Xzmm

\rXw aa
B\--Xzm ta ZpxJa-m-\mZv `mXn
\nXy-h Xv
Nn{Zq-]-Xz-m F\nv PmUy-an-. kXy-Xz-m
A\r- X - a n- . B\- - X z- m ZpxJan- . Am\w
sImmWv anYybm PKv kXy-ambn tXmp--Xv.

AarXw hnj-n \nv `n-am-I-bm AXv hnjtZm-j-m `qjn-X- am-Im-Xp t]mse Rm PU-n
\npw `n-am-I-bm Fs PU-tZmjw kv]in-p-n-.

31. B-{]-t_m-t[m-] -\n-j-p-l q ap]m

koXzm \k
]p\-cm-htX \ k ]p\cm htX CXyp]- \n-j Xv

28. kzev]m]n Zo]-I-WnIm _lpew \mi-tb-ax

kzevt]m f ]n t_mt[m \n_nw _lpfw \mitb-ax

Cu B-{]-t_m-t[m-]-\n-jv Aev]-t\-c-sa-nepw
D]m-kn-p a\p-jy hopw {]]--n P\n-m-\n-Sh-cp-n-. hopw P\n-m-\n-S-h-cp-n-.

Zo]-ns sNdnb {]Im-i-n\pw \n_n-m-- Imcw

\in-nm Ign-bp-p. AXp-t]mse Aev]-amb m\-

B {]t_m-t[m-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.-

Q
3
Bt
_mt[m]
\
nj
v
1
imn]mTw
Hmw hmMv ta a\kn{]XnjvTnXm at\m ta hmNn
{] X n j vT nX amh nc mh o a G [ n th Z k y a
B W o x {i p X w ta am {] l mk o c X t\
\ mU o tX \ m tl m c m{X mX v k wZ [ man E X w
hZnjyman kXyw hZnjyman XmahXp XZv
hcahXp AhXpamw AhXphmcw AhXp
hmcw Hmw imnx imnx imnx

Fs hmv a\n ncambncns. a\v

hmn ncamIs. kzbw {]Imimmth, Fs
apn Av {]Xy\mItW hmMv a\pIsf,
\n cp t]cpw Fs thZm\n\v B[mcamIp
XmWv. Fs thZm`ymks \inncptX. Rm
thZm`ymkm Xs cmhpw ]Iepw apgpInbncnp
h\m-Ipp. Rm am\knIambpw hmNnIambpw kXyw
]dbpp. Fs cntW. hmhns\ cntW.

397

I Fs cntW. Fs cntW hmhns\ cn

tW. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
1.

Hmw {]XyKm\ {_ ]pcpjw {]Wh

kzcq]w AImtc DImtcm aImc CXn XyEcw
{]Whw XtZX tZmanXn bapzm apNytX tbmKo
P kwkmc_\mXv Hmw \tam \mcmbWm
tbX n at{ m] mk tI m s s h I p W vT `h \ w
KanjyXn
2. AY bZnZw {_]pcw ]pcoIw Xkvam
[oZmZam{Xw Zo]hXv {]Imiw
3. {_tWym tZhIo ]pt{Xmx |
{_tWym a[p kqZ\x |
{_Wyx ]pcoImtmx |
{_tWym hnjvWp cNypXx
4. kh`qX taIw \mcmbWw ImcW
]pcpjaImcWw ]cw {_ Hmw
5. timItamlhn\napw hnjvWpw [ymb
ssZzXm
ssZzXa`bw `hXn artXym k arXyp
am]v t\mXn b Cl \m t\h ]iyXn
6. KrXv ] aty khw b |
Xv {]mt\ {]XnjvT nXw |
{]m t\{X temIx |
{]m {]XnjvTm {]m\w {_ |
7. k GtX\ {]m\m\m AkvamtmImZp
Xv{Iay Aapjvan kztemI khm Imam
B]vt Xm AarXka`hZarXx ka`hXv
8. b{X tPymXncP{kw |
bkva n temI `ynXw |
Xkva n am tZlo kz am |
\artX temtI AtX |
ANyptX temtI AtX |
AarXXzw N Ktym \ax
Hmtcmnepw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw hym]nnpffXpw
B\cq]hpw BWv {_]pcpj. AImcw DImcw
aImcwCu aqv ActmSpIqSnb {]Wh kzcq]amWv {_w. Hmw FmWv {]Whw AXp P]np
]w tbmKn kmwkmcnI_\fn \nv ap\mbnocpp. iwJ N{I KZm[mcnbmb \mcmbW\v
\akvImcw. As\ Hmw \tam \mcmbWmb \ax F
a{ m D]mknp Bcm[I sshIpWv T
[mansepp.
Cu lrZb Iaew {_]pcamWv. AXv anept]m
sebpw {]Imiam\amIpp. tZhIo ]p{X {_m

\nIfpsS lnssXjnbmWv Iae t\{X\mb hnjvWp

{_ m\nIfpsS lnX NnI\mIpp. Ahn\mipw
]cammhpamb Atlw {_mW{]nb\mWv. kIe
`qXfnepw \nhknp GIam{X\mb \mcmbW
XsbmWv ImcW]pcpj. Atlw AtXmsSmw
ImcWclnX\pw ]c{_hpamIpp. AXp t]mse
Hmmc cq]\pw As\bpff hnjvWphns\ [ym\nph timIn \npw tamln \npw tamln \npw ap\mbn ZpxJ clnX\mIpp. ssZzXhpw
AssZzXw Xs. AXv bYmn D`b cq]amIpp.
{_n t`Zw ImWph acWs XpSv acWw
{]m]npp. lrZb Iaens a[yn bmsXmcp
khkzcq]amb {_w `hnpp. AXv XsbmWv
{]m\ n {]Xnj v T nXambnpffXv . temIw
{]mm\cq]amb t\{Xw tNXmIpp. {]
{]Xnjv T t\SnbncnpXmWv . {_w {]m\
kzcq]amWv. bYm m\n B DXvI rjvS m\
bpIvXamb Bmhns cq]n Cu temIn \nv
DXv { Ia nv Dbv k ztemI nep ff k Ie
Ima\Isfbpw AXn{Ianv Aac\mbnocpp. AhnsS
\nXytPymXnv {]Iminpp. AhnsS Fmhn[n
epapff ]qP e`npp. Av F\nv Cu Aac
temIn m\w \Inbmepw. B Ahn\minbmb
temIn c[clnXamb temIn B
Ab temIn As\bpff m\n sNsp
p. {]Yam[ymbw kam]np.

ZznXobm[ymbw
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

{]KfnX\nPamtbm lw \nkvXpe Zrin

cq]hkvXp amt{Xm lw
AkvX anXmltmlw {]KfnX PKZoi
Poht`tZm lw
{]XyK`n ]tcm lw hn[zmkvXmtij hn[n
\ntjt[m lw
kapZkvXm{iantImlw {]hnXX kpJ
]q kwhntZhmlw
kmy\ t]tm lw \nP |
alnav \nkwntXmlaNtemlw |
APtcm lahytbm lw |
]an]mZn t`Zhn[ptcmlw |
Aht_mss[Itkm lw |
tam\ss I knptchm lw |
kqvtam latcmlw |
anKfnX KpWPme tIhemlw |
\nkvs s{XKpWy ]tZm lw |
Ipnmt\I temIIet\mlw |

398

IqS tNXt\m lw |
\njv{Inj [maml a{hXtIymlw |

7. Rm \nch[n \nPt_m[\pw kXzam{X kzcq]\pw

hn`phpw A\h\y\pw kv Xh amss{XI\pamIpp.

1. Fs ambmtamlw ianncnpp. Rm AXpe

Zi\k zcq] hkv X p am{XamWv . F s Al
\inncnpp. Cuizc PohtemIw XpSnb Fs
t`Z _pnsbmw \jvSsncnpp.

8. Rm thZhZy\pw Bcm[y\pw kIe `ph\ lrZy\pw

]cam\[\\pw ]cam\kzcq]\pamWv .

2. Rm {]XyKmmhn \nv A`n\mb ]camm

hmWv Fs kw_nnStmfw kIehn[n \ntj[
fpw AkvXanp. Rm B{ia [ hens
dnp. hnime kpJab\p m\ kzcq]\pamWv
Rm.

10. Rm ip\pw Bc\pw imizXhnm\ [\\pw

]cXXzw tim[\ sNbvXh\pw t_m[m\ kzcq]\p
amWv.

9. Rm ip\pw A`b BZn iq\y\pw ianXmx

{InbX\pw _p\pw ap\pw ApXmmhpaIpp.

11.

3. Rm kmnbmWv F\nv Hpambpw _an.

kzw alnabn Rm Ignbpp. Rm ANe\pw
APc\pw Aac\pw Ahyb\pamIpp.
4. Rm Aht_mss[Ick\mWv, tamm\ns
kap{ZamWv Rm kqvaamWv; AcamWv. KpW
ssIhnv tIhemmhmWv Rm.
5. \nkvss{XKpWy]Z\mWv, Rm IqS tNX\mWv.
\njv{Inb [mamhpw A{]XIy\pamWv Rm.

GtImlahnItemlw |
\ne\nhmWaqntchmlw |
\nchthm ltatPm lw |
tIhew km{Xkmc `qtXm lw |
7. \nch[n \nPt_mt[m lw |
ip`Xc`mthm la{]t`tZym lw |
hn`pcla\htZym lw |
\nch[n \nxoa XXz amt{Xmlw |
8. thtZymlamKamss |
cmcmt[ym lw kIe`ph\lrtZym lw |
]cam\ [t\m lw |
]cam\ssI `qacqt]m lw |
9. iptm laZztbm lw |
kX `mthm lamZn iqt\ymlw |
ianXmx {XnXtbm lw |
_ptmaptm l aZv`qXmlw |
10. iptmlamtcmlw |
imizXhnm\ kackmmlw |
tim[nX ]cXtXzm lw |
t_m[m\ssIaqntchmlw |

12.

13.

6.

6. Rm GI\pw, AhnIe\pw, \ne\nhmWaq

nbpw, \ncbh\pw, AP\pw tIhe km{Xkmc`qX
\pamWv.

14.

15.

hnthI _pnbpn_py |
Pm\maymm\aZhybw |
XYm]n_tammZn |
hyhlmcx{]XobtX |
\nhrtm ]n {]]tmta |
kXyhZv `mXn khZm |
kZu cpkth |
{_kssh tIhew |
{]]m[mc cqt]W |
htXtXm PKln |
btYpckkwhy]v Xm |
icmhtX XYm |
AZzbm{_ cqt]W |
hym]vtXm lw sshPK{bw |
{_mZnIoS]cym {]mWnt\m abnIev]nXm
_pZv _pZnhnImcm |
kvXcwKm kmKc bYm |
XcwKw {Zhm knp |
\hmRvOXn bYmXYm |
hnjbm\ hmcmta |
hm`qZm\ cq]Xx |

11. Rm hnhI _pnbm Bmhns\ AssZzXsav

a\nempp.Fnp _ tammZn hyhlmcn
s]Spp.
12. Fs ZrjvSnbn \nv {]]w ZqcnemWv.
Ans\ Ftmgpw AXv kXysav tXmpp. hmkvX
hn kmZnIfn Ibdns Akv X nXzapffXp
t]msebmWv {]]ns AkvXnXzw.
13. {]]ns B[mcambn hnpXv. {_k
bmWv PKv bYmn C. Icnn ]kmc
DS\ofw Ahy cq]n hnpXpt]mse
{]]n {_ns AkvXnXzw \ne\npp.

399

I 14. kap{Zn ]Xbpw \pcbpw sXmv XcwK hscbp

ffh Iev]nXamsWXp t]mse Fs Dffn {_w
sXmv IoS hscbpffh Iev]nXam{XamIpp.
15. XncameI Xpfffp Pens Xmev] cyw kap{Zw ]cnKWnmXp t]mse tIhew B\kzcq]\m
Ibm F\nv hnjbfpsS B\ns Cbn.
16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

Zmcn{ZymimbYm \mkvXn |
kky bYm aa |
_m\t \nalrky |
hnjbmim \ XZv `thZv |
hnjw ZrjvS m arXw ZrjvS zm |
hnjw XyPXn_pnam |
Bm\a]n ZrjvS zml |
a\mm\w XyPmaylw |
LS\mh`mktIm `m\p |
LS\mti \ \iyXn |
tZlm hZmkIx kmo |
tZl\mti \ \iyXn |
\ta _tm \ ta apn |
\ ta imkv{Xw \ ta Kpcpx |
ambmam{XhnImkXzm |
mbm XotXmllaZzbwx |
{]mWmepXss |
Imssa hm l\yXmw a\x |
A\ _n]qky |
aa ZpxJw IYw `thXv |

k\v Zmcn{Zy ZpxJn\nSbnmXp t]mse

{_m\n a\mb F\nv hnjbm`nemjn
sImXnbpmhm\nSbn.
17. _pnam\mb hyn hnjsbpw AarXsbpw
ImWptm hnjw ssIshSnv AarXw kzoIcnp
Xpt]mse Rm\pw Bmhns\ Inv A\mmhns\
ssIshSnbpIbmWv.
18. IpSw Ccnppsp ImWnpsImSpp kqcy
B IpSw s]mntmsbv shv \inmXpt]mse
icocns kmnbmb Bmhn\v icocw \inp
shv \miw DmIpn.
19. F\nv _\an, F\nv taman, F\nv
imkv{ Xan, F\nv Kpcphn ImcWw CsXmw
ambbpsS hnImkw am{XamWv Rm ambbvpdv
AssZzXkzcq]amIpp.
20. {]mW t]mIpsn s]mbvs mffs, a\v

AXns [tfmSpw Ima\tImSpw IqSn AXv

\inpsImffs. B\m\]\mIbm F\nv
Fs\ ZpxJapmIm\mWv?

21. Bm\aRvPkmthZva n |
Izm]yPvRm\w ]embnXw |
IrXzaZyta \jvSw |
Ihyw hm]n \ IzNnXv |
22. {_mWyw Ipe tKmt{XN |
\ma kucyPmXbx |
qemXv `nky ta \ln |
23. pXv ]n]mkmy_m[nXy |
Ima t{Im[mZtbm Jnem |
enwKtZlKXm GtX |
ly enwKky \ knln |
24. PUXz{]nb tamZXz |
[mx ImcW tZlKm \ kn aa \nXyky
\nhnImc kzcq]nWx |
25. DeqIky bYm`m\p |
cImcx {]XobtX |
kz{]Imti ]c\t |
Xtam aqVkyPmbtX |
21. Bmhns\ {]bmkw IqSmsX R Adnbpp.
Fs Am\w FhnsS t]msbmfntm?C\n F\nv
Hpw sNtXmbnn.
22. {_mWXzw, Ipew, tKm{Xw, \maw, kucyw, PmXn,
CXnssbmw AkvXnXzw qe tZlnemWv. Rm
qe cq]n \npw `n\mWv. AXn\m F\nv
AhtbmsSmpambn _an.
23. hniv, Zmlw, AXzw, _[ncXzw, Imaw, t{Im[w,
XpSnb kakvX [fnepw enwK tZlnemWv.
Rm enwK tZl clnX\mIpp. Fn Ahsbmpw
Xsbn.
24. PUX, {]nbX, B\n XpSnbh ImcW
tZlns [fmWv. Rm \nXy\pw \nhnImc
kzcq]\pamIpp. AXn\m Cu [ FtX.
25. aqbvv kqcy AImcabambn ImWsSpXp
t]mse Am\nIv imizXamb ]cam\nepw
Am\w am{Xta ImWm Ignbppffq.

26. NXpZrjvSn \ntcm[m{`w |

kqtcym \mkvXoXn a\ytX |
XYm m\hrtXm tZlo |
{_mh\mkvX oXn a\ytX |

400

I 27.
28.

29.

30.

31.

bYmarXw hnjmZv `nw |

hnjtZmssj\ en]ytX |
\ kv]riman PUmXv `ntm |
PUtZmjm {]ImiX |
kzev] m]n Zo] IWnIm |
_lpew \mitbax |
kzevt ]m]n t_mt[m |
\n_nUw _lpfw \mitbax |
Ime{Xtb bYm ktm |
c\ \mkvXn XYm abn |
AlmcmZntZlmw |
PKmkvXyl aZzbx |
Nn{Zq]Xzmta PmUyw |
kXyXzmm\rXw aa |
B\Xzm ta ZpxJ |
am\mXv `mXn kXyhXv |
B{]t_mt[m]\njXv |
aplq ap]mknXzm \ k |
]p\cmhtX \ k |
]p\cmhtX CXyp]\njXv |

26. taL ImcWw \mephipw ZrjvSn XSbs-

Xn\m kqcy C Fv P\ sXncnpXp

t]mse Am\m hebw sNs Pohn {_
Csv Nnnpp.
27. AarXw hnjn \nv `namIbm hnjbns
tZmjm AXv aen\amImXp t]mse Rm
PUn \nv hyXykvX \mWv. AXn\m PUXz
ns tZmjw Fs kv]inpIbn.
28. hnfns sNdnb {]` Xsbpw AImcs
\innpXpt]mse sNdnb m\w Xsbpw
KmVmImc cq]amb Am\s \innpp.
29. Ibdn ham\Imenembmepw `qX\Ime
nembmepw `mhnbnembmepw kan, AXpt]mse
Xs AImcw sXmv tZlw hsc kwkmcw aqp
Imenepw Fnen. Rm tIhew AssZzXw am{X
amIpp.
30. Rm ssNX\y kzcq]\mWv. AXn\m Fn
PUXbn. Rm kXykzcq]\mWv. AXn\m Fn
AkXyan. Rm B\ cq]\mWv. AXn\m F\nv
ZpxJan. CsXms Am\mepff tXmemWv.
31. Cu B {]t_m[ D]\njv cp \mgnIsb
nepw A[yb\w sNp a\pjy\v cmaX `qanbn
]ndtnhcpIbn FpffXv Adntb clkyamWv.
Bt_mt[m]\njXv kam]np.

Q
3
BcpW
nt
Im]
\
nj
v
1
imn- ] mTw
Hmw B]y-bp aamw-Km\n hmIv {]mW-px
t{im{X-atYm _e-an-{n-bmWn N khmWn khw
{_tm-] -\n-jZw amlw {_ \ncm-Ipcymw amam
{_ \ncm-Itcm Z \ncm-I-c-Wa
- kvXp \ncm-I-cWw
tak vX p X Zm- \ n \ nc tX b D ] - \ n- j p
[mkvtX abn kp tX abn kp Hmw imnx
imnx imnx

]c-{_-ta, Fs kIe AwK-fpw hmv {]mW

t\{Xw t{im{Xw Fn-hbpw inbpw C{n-b-fpw ]cn-

]p- -am-ItW. Rm \ncm-I -cn- m-\n-S-h-cm-Xn-cn- -tW.

{_w Fs ]c-Xy-Pn-m-Xn-cn--s. F\npw ]c-{_-n\pw Xn At`-Zy-amb _w Dm-I-tW. {_-\n-cX-\mb Fn D]-\n-j-Zp---fmb [- nXn
sN-tW. Hmw imnx imnx imnx

1. Hmw BcpWnx {]Pm-]-tX temIw PKma Xw

KtXzm- h mN tI\ `K- h Ia- W w- b - t i- j tXm
hnkr-P m-\ oXn Xw tlmhm-N -{]-P m-] Xn kvX ]-] p{Xm {ZmXr _zm-Zo inJmw bmtm-]-hoXw
NbmKw N kq{Xw N kzm[ymbw N qtem-I-`q-

401

I h temI kz temI-a-ltemI P\-temI Xt]mtemI kXy-temIw NmXe ]mXmf hnXe krXe

c k m- X e X e m- X e al m- X e {_ m w N
hnkPtb Z-am-m-Z\w ssNh Iu]o\w N ]cn{K-tlXv tijw hnkrtPZnXn
AcpW ]p{X-\mb BcpWn {_-tem-I
- n Atls Iv ]d-p. Rm F-s\-bmWv kh-Ifpw Dt]-n-t-Xv? Amcyw F\nv ]dp XcWw. {_mhv ]d-p. BZy-ambn ]p{X-m-scbpw _p-sfbpw apw Dt]- n- -W w. AXn-\ ptijw inJ
btm-]h
- oXw tbmKw kq{Xw kzm[ymbw Ch ssIshSn-b -Ww. ]ns `qtem-Iw, `qhtem-Iw, kXy-tem-Iw,
altem-Iw, P\-tem-Iw, Xt]m-tem-Iw, kXy-tem-Iw, AXew, ]mXm-fw, hnX-ew, kpX-ew, ckm-Xe Xem-Xew almXew Fq#o ]Xn-m-ep-tem-It- mSp IqSnb {_ms Dt]-n--Ww. AXm-bXv Ah-bn Hn-s\-nbpw B{Klw tXm-cp-X.v Zw Iu]o\w icocw ad-phm AXym-hiyw th hkv{Xw Fn-h-am-{Xhpw ssIhihpw Dm-bn-cn-m-hq. ap kI-eXpw ssIsh-Sn-bW
- w.

2. Krltm {_-Nmco hm\-{]tm hm euInIm- n-\ p-Z-c mu kam-c m-t]m-tbXv Kmb{Xow k

kzhm-Nmu kam-tcm-]tb Zp]-hoXw `qam-h]vkp
hm hnkr-tPXv IpSo-Ntcm {_-N mco IpSpw_w
hnkr-tPXv ]m{Xw hnkr-tPXv ]hn{Xw hnkr-tPXv
Zmw eu InIm-ow hnkr-tP-ZnXn tlmhmN
AX Du[z-K-a\w hnkr-tP-{n-k-ym-Zb kv\m\am- N - t c X v k n k am- [ m- h m \ ymN - t c X v
kthjp thtZjp BcWy Iam-h-tb-Zp-]-\njZ amh-tb-Zp-]-\n-j-Z-am-h -tb-ZnXn.
Krl-m-{i-antbm {_-Nm-cntbm hm\-{]-t\m
Bbmepw X-fpsS btm-]h
- o-Xs `qan-bntem Pentem Dt]-n- -Ww. euIn-Im- n-Isf Pcm-n-bn- ebnnv Xs hmm-Ip An-bn Kmb{Xn tN-Ww.
B{i-a-hm-kn-bmb {_-Nmcn IpSpw-_s ]m{X-tmsSmv Dt]-n--Ww. ]hn{Xw Ifv Zhpw euInIm-nbpw ssIhn- SWw ]ns a{-lo-\-s\-tmWw Ccpv
Du[z-tem-I-{]m-]vXn-sb--n-bp Nnbpw ssIsh-Sn-bWw. {Xnk-y-I-fnepw kv\m\w sNp-Ibpw ky-I-fn
kam-[n-m-\m-hp-Ibpw thWw. Fm thZ-fpw D]-\n-jp-Ifpw A[y-b\w sN-Ww.

3. Jezlw {_-kq{Xw kqN-\mXv kq{Xw {_kq-{X-a-l-tah hnZzmw kv{XohrXv kq{Xw XytP-ZznZzm\y Ghw thZ kXykvX w abm kw\rkvX w
abm kw\rkvXw atbXn f {Xn IrXzm-`bw kh`q-tXt`ym ax khw {]htX kJm amtKm] m- b - \ Px k J mtbm f k o{ k y ht{Pm f
knhm{XLv\w i ta `h-bXv ]m]w Xn-hm-ctbXn At\\ at{-W -IrXw sshWhw Zw

Iu]o\w ]cn-{Ktl Huj[ hZ-i-\-am-N-tc-Zuj Zh

Zi-\-am-N -tcXv {_-N-cy-a-l nwkm Nm]cn {Klw
N kXyw N bXvt\\ tl ctXm tl ctXm
tl cX CXn.

]ns {_-kq{Xw Rm Xs-bmWv F \n-bZmVy-tmsS btm-]-hoXw Dt]-n--Ww. Cs\

sNbvXv Rm k\ymkw kzoI-cn-p. Rm k\ymkw
kzoI-cn-p. Rm k\ymkw kzoI-cn-p. Fv aqp XhW
]d-bW
- w. A`bw kh-`q-tXt`ymx F a{-m A`na-{n-X -amb apf-h -S nbpw Iu]o-\ hpw kzoI-c n- -W w.
Huj[w F t]mse Inp--X-am{Xw `nv kwXr-]vX\m-IW
- w. tl BcpWo k\ymkn Bb-Xn-\p-tijw {_Ncyw Alnwk A]-cn-Krlw kXyw Fnh ]cn-]m-en-Ww. {]bm-k-spw Ah ]pe-Ww.

4. AYmX ]c-a-lw-k-]-cn-{hm-P-Im-\m- am-k-\-i-b -\mZnIw `qau {_-Nm-cnWmw arXv]m{Xw hm f em_p]m{Xw Zmcp-]m{Xw hm Ima-t{Im[ lj-tcm-j-tem`-taml ZwZw Zm-kqbm aa-Xymlw Imcm-Zo-\]n
XrtPXv hjmkp {[ph-iotem f u amkm-t\ImIo bXn--tXXv Zzmthh hm NtcXv Zzm thhhm
Ntc-Z nXn.
]c-a-lw-k-]-cn-{h-P-I-\m-bn-o-Xn\p tijw InS-pXpw Ccn-p-Xpw \ne- m-bn-cn--Ww. {_-Ncyw ]men-Ww. a]m-{Xtam Npc-m- tmtSm ac-m-{Xtam kqnmw. Imaw t{Im[w tcmjw tem`w tamlw ZwZw Zw ]c\n C-a-aX Al-mcw ljw Fnh ]q-ambpw ]cnXy-Pn--Ww. hj-Im-ev Hcn-Sp Xs Xma-kn-mw.
k-cn-t-. Fp-amkw GIm-In-bmtbm Hcm-fpsS klmb-tm-Sp-Iq-Sntbm k-cn--Ip.

5. Jep thZmw tbm hnZzm tkm]m-\ b

\mq[z-ta-Xm\n {]mKzm-Xy-tPXv ]nXcw ]p{X-a-yp]- h oXw I If{Xw N m\ y- Z - h o- l - b - X tbm
`nmw {Kmaw {]hn-iXn ]mWn-]m-{X-ap-Z-c-]m{Xw
hm Hmw ln Hmw ln tXyX-Zp-]-\n-jZw hn\y-tkXv
Jtez-X-Z p-]-\ n-jZw hnZzm b Ghw thZ-X -Zzn-j AtWm ]c-aw-]-Zw-kZm ]iyn kqcbx ZnZo-]-Np-cm-XXw XZzn {]mtkm hn]-Xythm PmKp-hmwk
kan- tX hnjvtWmcyXv ]caw ]Z-anXn Ghw
\nhm-W-\p-im-k\w thZm-\p-im-k\w thZm-\p-imk-\ -a nXn.
Cu hn[w Adn-bp--h D]-\-b\
- -kw-kvIm-c-n\p
aptm ]ntm amXm-]n-Xm--sfbpw ]p{X- I-f-{Xm-Zn-I-sfbpw
D]-hoXw An Fn-h-sbbpw kI-eI
- --sfbpw ]cnXy-Pn--Ww. ssII `nm ]m{X-amn `n-q. {Kman t]mbn Hmw ln Hmw ln Hmw ln Fv aqp {]mhiyw
D-cn--Ww. Cu D]-\n-jv Adnv sImv AXn
B-bp hyn m\n-sbv ]d-bs
- -Sp-p. miv

402

I Iqhfw Fn-h-bpsS Zav[w tXmev taJe ]qWq Fnh- sbbpw Dt]-nv AXn- s\-n ]q-amb m\w t\Sp-XmWv D-a. `K-hm hnjvWp-hns ]c-a-[maw BImi-n {]Im-inp sImn-cn-p kqcy-s\-tmse Nnbs {]Im-i-m ]c-a-thym-a-n hym]n-n-cn-p
m\n-bmb D]m-k-I kZm B ]c-a-[m-as Zkn-pp. Ima-\m-c-ln- X- cmb D]m- k- I- m km[-\-bn Xs apgp-

In-b-Xn-\p-tijw AhnsS Fn-t-cp-p. Ah AhnsS

IqSp-X tXtPm-a-b-am-p-p. Ima-\m-lo-\c
- mb D]m-k-Imp am{Xta B ]c-a-[maw e`n-p-Ib
- p-q. CX-dn-bp-h apn kqNn-n ^ew A\p-`-hn-p-p. CXmWv
thZm- \p-im-k- \w.
Bcp-Wn-tIm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

Q
3
EtKzZob
kck
zXyp]
\
nj
v
1
imn]mTw
Hmw hmMv ta a\kn {]XnjvTnXm at\m ta
hmNn {]XnjvTnXamhncm hota G[n thZky a
BWn kwZ[maypXw hZnjyman kXyw
hZnjyman XmahXp XZzmchXp AhXpama
hXphmcahXp hmcw
Hmw imnx imnx imnx
(Hmw Fs hmv a\n ncambncntW.
a\v hmn ncambncntW. tl kzbw {]Imim
mthm Av Fs apn {]XyamItW. hmMva\
pIsf, \n Fs thZm\n\m[mcamWv.
AXn\m Fs thZm[yb\s \inncptX. Cu
thZm[ymb\n XsbmWv Rm cmhpw ]Iepw
NnehgnpXv Rm am\knIambpw hmNnIambpw
kXyw ]dbpw. Fs cntW. hIvXmhns\ cn
tW. Hmw. imnx imnx imnx
lcn Hmw. Hcp Ln EjnI `Khm Btizm
embs\ hn[n]qhw ]qPnv tNmZnpx"" `Khmt\,
bmsXmp sImv "XXv' F ]Zns A`qXamb
]cammhns t_m[w DmIpw? B PvR m\w GXp
D]mbm {]m]nm Ignbpw? GXp tZhXsb
D]mknv Atbv v XXzm\apmbn? Imcyw
F\nv ]dp XctW.'' `Khm BizembW
]dp..."" ap\nhcmsc, _oPa{w tNv ]v
EXptfmSpIqSn kckzXo Zitbm Io alma{m
kvX pXnbpw P]hpw \SnbnmWv F\nv ]cmknn
e`nXv.'' EjnI tNmZnp. "" Da{hX[mcnbmb apt\,
Fp{hXw A\pjv TnmWv, GXp {]Imcnepff

[ym\memWv Atbv v kmckzXa{w e`nXv?

Fp sNbvXm `KhXn alm kckzXn {]kbmIpw?
B D]mbw FtmSv ]dpXctW'' Atm Bizmem
b\ ap\n ]dp.

Aky {iokckzXo ZitmIoalma{ky

Alamiz emb\ Ejnx A\pjvSphv Ox {io
hmKoizco tZhXm tZhoXn IoeIw hn\ntbmK
kvXXv {]oXyt {im ta[m {]PvRm [mcWw
h mK v t Zh X, al m kc kzXo ta[m {] m
[mcWw hmKv t ZhX, alm kckzXot\yssXcwK\ymkx
(Cu kckzXo ZitmIo alm a{ns Ejn
Bizmeb\\mb Rm Xs. Ov A\pjvS hv. {io
hmKoizco tZhX. ""bZzmKv'' FXv _oPw ""tZhow hmNw''
FXv in. ""{]tWm tZhn FXv IoeIw. ]mKoizco
tZhXsb {]oXnsSppXn\v hn\ntbmKw. {i, ta[,
{], [mcW, hmKvtZhX, almkckzXnCu \amaa{fm AwK\ymkw sNWw. Fs\sbm

Hmw {imssb \tam lrZbmb \ax Hmw

ta[mssb \ax inctk kzmlm Hmw {]mssb
\ax inJmssb hjSv Hmw [mcWmssb \ax
IhNmsb lpw Hmw hmKv t ZhXmssb \tam
t\{X{Xbmb hujSv Hmw almkckzssXy \ax
A{Xmb^Sv.
[ym\w
\olmclmcL\kmckp[mIcm`mw
IeymWZmw I\INI `mhZqjmw

403

DpwK]o\ IpNIpw` at\mlcmwKow

hmWow \aman a\km hNkm hn`pssXy.
(lnaw apm lmcw Iqcw AXpt]mse N{s
B`bvsm ip{`Imn Ch tN hPw IeymWZm
bn\nbpw kph kZriyhpw, hoXhpamb sNI
]pjv]fpsS amemb tim`nXbpw Db IpNIpw`
fm at\mlcamb AwKw tNhfpamb kckzXo
tZhnsb Rm hn`qXnmbn a\psImpw hNp
sImpw \akvIcnpp.)

1. Hmw {]tWm tZho Cu a{ns Ejn

`cZzmP; Ov Kmb{Xn, tZhX kckzXn. Hmw
\ax CXv _oPw in IneIw Ch aqpw
CjvSknnmWv CXns hn\ntbmKw a{m
AwK\ymkw sNpI. bYmn thZm
imkv{X ns A kp ZqXh mb {_ XX zw
Xs kzcq]ambnpffhfpw ]e{]Imcnepapff \macq]fm {]ikvXXbpamb kckzXo
tZhn Fs cns.
Hmw {]tWm tZho kckzXo hmtP`nhmPn\n
hXo [o\mahn{XhXp
(Hmw. Zm\m tim`hlnphfpw Am
kbpw kvXpXnp D]mkImsc cnph
fpamb kckzXotZhn Rsf Am kpcnXcm
tW. (Rv karbmbn Aw XcpamdmItW.)

2. ""B t\m Znh..........'' Cu a{ns Ejn

A{XnbmWv: Nmv {XnjvSphv; tZhXkckzXo:

{iow ]mhIm \x kckzXo hmtP`nhm

Pn\ohXnx bw hjvSp [nbm hkp
bmsXmcph khscbpw ]cnipcmphfpw
Am kbpw In {]m]n [\ns
D]e_v[nv ImcWamIpp. B kckzXotZhn R
fpsS bn ]psImffm Xmev]cyw ImWnp
amdmIs.

4. "tNZbn{Xo' Cu a{ns Ejn a[p

BWv Ov Kmb{Xn. tZhX kckzXn
"pw' FpffXv _oPhpw IoeIhpamIpp.
A`njvSmknnv hn\ntbmKa{m AwK\ymkw
sNpI.
bmsXmcph A [ymA [ntZh cq]bmWv ,
tZhmcpsS CuizcnbmWv, RfpsS Dffn a[yahm
WnbpsS cq]n \nesImffphfmWv B kckzXo
tZhn Fs cnpamdmIs.

4.

pw tNmZbn{Xo kq\rXm\mw tNXo

kpaXo\mw bw Zt[ kckzXo

{lo Fv _oPw in IoeIw A`ojvS{]tbmP\

ns knnbmWv hn\ntbmKw. Cu a{w sImv
AwK\ymkw sNWw.

pw bmsXmcph {]nbhpw kXyhpamb ]dbp

Xn t{]cW\Iphfpw Da _pntNhcpw
{Inbm ]cmbWcpamb ]pcpjmv Ihyw t_m[
sSpphfmWv. As\bpff kckzXo tZhn Cu
bs [mcWw sNbvXncnpp.

2.

5.

{low B t\m Znthm l _rlX. ]hXmZm

kckzXo bPXm Kp bw
lhw tZho PqPpjmWm LrXmNo
imw t\m ]mNapiXo irtWmXp

{low Rfm bjvShybmb kckzXo tZho

{]Imiabamb {ZyptemIn \nv Xmsgsbn.
alpw ]hXmImchpamb taLnSbvp \nv
RfpsS bn ]psImffs. RfpsS
bn ]psImffs. RfpsS kvXpXnbm
{]k bmbn B tZhn tkzm]qhw RfpsS
kqkpJIcamb kvtXm{X tIpamdmIs.

3.

]mhIm ""\x'' Cu a{ns Ejna[pNvi

mWv, Ov Kmb{Xn; tZhX kckzXo; {io FXv
_oPhpw inbpw IoeIhpw, CjvSm knnmWv
Cu a{ns hn\ntbmKw. a{m AwK\ymkw
sNpI.

bmsXmcm bYmn hw ]Zw hmIyw

AhbpsS A w ChbpsS cq] n k h{X
hym]vX bmWv, bmsXmcp tZhn AZyclnXbmWv,
A\cq]hXnbmWv, B kckzXotZho Rsf
cns.

""atlm AWx'' Cu a{ns Ejn Nv

BWv Okv Kmb{Xnx tZhX kckzXnbpw ""ku'' CXp
_oPhpw inbpw IoeIhpamIpp. a{m \ymkw
A\pjvTnpI ""bmsXmcph Acyman F cq]n
kakvX {XntkmInbpsSbpw \nb{Ww hlnpp,
cp{Z BZnXy XpSnb kckzXo tZhn Rsf
cns.

5. ""kux'' atlm AWx kckzXo {] tNXbXn

tIXp\m [ntbm hnizm hn cmPXn
""ku'' ( Cu a{n \Zo cq]bmb kckzXnbpsS
kvXpXnbmWv) \Zo cq]n {]ISbmb kckzXo tZhn
Xs {]hmlcq]amb Im Xs AKm[Pecmin
]cnNbsSpnsmv kIecpsSbpw _pnsb
Do]nnpp.

6.

""NXzmcn hmIv'' Cu a{ns Ejn DNYy]p{X\mb ZoLXamWv. Ov {XnjvSphv tZhXkckzXn-

404

I bpw "" sFw'' FXv. _oPhpw inbpw IoeIhpamIp-

ku tZhow hmNaP\bt tZhmkvXmw

p. CjvSknnmbn hn\ntbmKw. a{m \ymkw

sNpI.

hnizcq]mx ]ithm hZn

bmsXmcph AZrjvSnbpff PohnIv

\m\mcq]fn hybmbnXov kh{X GIam{X
bmb m\ kzcq]ambn t_m[kzcq]ambn ]cnekn
pp. B kckzXo tZhn Rsf cnpamdmIs.

t[\phmKkvam \p] krjvSpssXXp

6.

"sF' NXzmcn hmv ]cnanXm ]Zm\n

Xm\n hnZp{_mWm tb a\ojnWx
Kplm {XoWn \nlnXm t\wKbn
Xqcntb hmtNm a\pjym hZn

sFw hmWnMv \mep]Z Dv AXmbXv

hmWnbmsI \mep`mKambn hn`Pnsncnp
]iyn a[ya, sshJcn, Chsb Adnhpff {_mW
a\nempp. ChbnemWv. AXn\m Ah ]pdv
ImWsSpn. \memasXmb sshJcna\pjy
kwkmcnpp (C s\bpff hmWo cq] n
kckzXnsb kvXpXnpI.)

7. ""bZzm KzZn' Cu a{ns Ejn `mh\mWv

Ov {XnjvTphv, tZhXkckzXnbpw; ow FXmWv
_oPhpw inbpw IoeIhpw, a{wsImv \ymkw
sNpI.
""bmsXmv \maw PmXn BZnbmb t`Zm Fp
hn[ n hnIk nXambncn pp A tXmsSmw
\nhnIev] cq]n hyambnsmncnpp, B
kckzXo tZhn Fs cnpamdmIs.

7.

""ow'' bZzmKzmZy hn tNXm\n

cmjvS o tZhm\mw \njkmZ a{m
NX{k DuP ZpZptl ]bmwkn
Iz kznZkymx ]caw PKma

km t\m at{jaqPw Zplm\m

ku {]mWcq]mcmb tZhm {]Imiam\bmb
sshJcohmWntZhnsb P\nnp. AXns\ ]ehn[n
epff hynI kwkmcnpp. tZhn Imat[\phns\
tmse B\ZmbnIbpw, Ahpw, _ehpw \Ip
hfpw hm{Kp]nWnbpw Bb `KhXn kckzXnbmWv.
tZhn DanekvXpXnbm kpjvS\mbn RfpsS
ASpss.

9.

DXXz Cu a{ns Ejn _rlkv] XnbmWv.

Ov {XnjvSpv. tZhX kckzXn. kw FXv _oPw

in, IoeIw Ch aqpamIpp. (hn\ntbmKw ap
sse a{w sImp A\pjvTnpI.
bmsXmcptZhnsb {_hnZymcq]bambn a\n
emn tbmKnI kIe _t\m]mbfpw ssIhnSp
p. ]ca]Zs {]m]npp. B kckzXotZhn Fs
cnpamdmIs.

9.

kw DX Xz ]iy ZZi hmN

arX Xz irWz \ irtWmtXy\mw
DtXm Xzkvssa Xw hnkt{k
Pmtbh ]Xy XpiXox kphmkmx

k w ]e pw tZhnsb ImWpps nepw

ImWm Ignbpn ]ecpw tInpw tIm icm
Ipn. Fm Nnesc kw_nnStmfw hmKvtZhn
Xs kzcq]s, ]Xnsb t{]anp kpcnbpw hkv{X
`qjnXbpw Bb ]Xv\n ]XnbpsS apn A\mhrX
cq]ambn kao]npXpt]mse tZhn ASpspp.

"ow' cmjv{So AXmbXv Znhy`mhs {]Iminnp

hfpw tZhmsc B\ abmphfpw Bb
tZhnbmb hmWn bmsXmcp Ln Am\nIv
m\w ]Ip sImv bn hncmPnpp.
B k abw \mep Zn pIfnepw A nsbpw
Pensbpw tZml\w \Spp. B a[yam hmn
t{ijvTambnpffXv FhnsS t]mIpp?

10. Aw_nXta Cu a{ns Ejn KpaZ\mWv

8.

sFw (]caIeymWabn) amXmfn kh

t{ijvT bpw, \ZnIfn kht{ijv Tbpw tZhnIfn
kht{ijvTbpamb kckzXo tZhn. [\m`mhw \nanw
R \nnXsctmsebmWv . At, Rv
{]ikvXnbpw [\karnbpw XcpI.

tZhow hmNw Cu a{ns Ejn `mh\mWv

Ov {XnjvSmhv, tZhX kckzXn. kux CXv _oPhpw

inbpw IoeIhpw. a{w sImv \ymkw sNpI.
hyhpw Ahyhpamb hmWntbmSpIqSnb
tZhmZnkakvX {]mWnIfpw bmsXmcp tZhnsb hnp
p. bmsXmcm kIe A`ojvSfpamIp ZpKv[w
Idp sImSpp Imat[\phmWv B kckzXn tZhn
Rsf cnpamdmIs.

8.

Ov A\pjvShv, tZhXkckzXn sF FXv _oPhpw

inbpw IoeIhpamIpp. a{m hn\ntbmKw

10. sFw Aw_nXta \ZoXta tZhnXta kckzXn

A{]kvXm Ch kvakn {]ikvX naw`
kkv Ir[n

1.

NXpapJapJmwt`mPh\lwkah[qa
am\tk caXmw \nXyw khipm kckzXo

405

(bmsXmcptZhn {_mhns apJamIp Iae

h\n kcnp cmPlwknbmIpp; Fmbn
Spw ip{`Imn]cphfmWv. As\bpff kc
kzXn RfpsS a\mIp am\kn \nXyhpw
hnlcnpamdmIs.

2.

\akvtX imctZ tZhn Imivaoc]pchmkn\n

Xzmalw {]mtb \nXyw hnZymZm\w
N tZln ta

Atbm Imivaoc]pcn \nhknp imcZm

tZhn, tZhnv \akv Imcw, Rm \nXyw tZhnsb {]m
npp. F\nv hnZy {]Zm\w sNbvXmepw.

3.

Akq{Xmpi[mcm ]mi ]pkvXI

[mcnWo
aplmckambpm hmNn XnjvTXp ta kZm
Xs \mepssIbpIfn Akq{Xw
Apiw,

]miw, ]pkvXw Ch [cnphfpw appamebn

kptim`nXbpamb kckzXo tZhn Fs hmWnbn
kZm hknpamdmIs.

4.

Iw_pIWvTo kpXm t{]mjvTo khm`cW

`qjnXm
almkckzXotZho Pnlzmt{K knhniyXmw

(iwJn\p Xpeyw kpcamb IWvThpw kpcamb

Npa Nppw khhn[ B`cWfmepw BIjnI
Xzhpw XnI kpJambn hncmPnpamdmIs.)

5.

bm {im [mcWm ta[m hmKvtZho hn[nh`m

`m Pnlzm{KkZ\m iamZnKpWZmbn\o.

({_mhns {]nbXabmb kckzXotZhn {im

[mcW ta[m kzcq]bmWv tZhn `mcpsS Pnlzm{K
n hknpsImv iaZamZn KpWsf {]Zm\w
sNpp.

6.

\hman bman\o\mYteJmwewIrX Ipfmw

`hm\ow `hkm] \nhm]W kp[m \Zow

(bmsXmcp tZhnbpsS tIi]miw N{IesImv

AewIrXamIpp, `hkm]w iannp AarX\Zn
bmIpp, As\bpff kckzXo cq]bmb `hm\nsb
Rm \akvIcnpp.

Xsskyhw kvXphtXm \nXyw ka`yNy

kckzXow
`n{im `nbp jamkmXv
{]Xytbm`thXv

(`ntbmSpw {itbmSpw IqSn kckzXo tZhnsb

hn[n]qhw AnXn\ptijw kv XpXnp `\v
Bdpamkn\pffn tZhnbpsS Ir]bpsS{]XoXn
DmIpp)

9.

XXx {]htX hmWo tkzbm

efnXmcm
KZy]ZymssIx i_vs sZc{]tassb
hnhnssXx

(AtX pSv AbmfpsS apJn \nv

A\p]ahpw A{Kabhpamb KZy]ZymI i_vZfpsS
cq]n efnXmbnc \nd hmWn kzbw ]pd
sSm XpSpp.

10. A{iptXm _p[ytX {Kx {]mbx kmckzXx

Ihnx
CtXyJw \nbw hn{]mx km tlmhmN
kckzXo
({]mtbW kckzXnbpsS `Ihn asmcm
]dptImsX Xs {Kfnse Bibw
a\nempp. {_mWmsc, C{]Imcapff \nbw
kckzXo tZhn Xs {ioapJp \nv {]ISamn
bnpv.)

11.

BhnZym abm e_v[m {_vssWh

k\mX\o
{_Xzw ta kZm \nXyw knZm\ cq]Xx

({_mhn \np XsbmWv Rm k\mX\mb

{_hnZy t\SnbXv. knZm\n \nv F\nv
\nXyamb {_Xzhpw e`np.

12. {]IrXnXzw XXx krjvSw kXzm`n

KpWkmayXx
kXyam`mXn Nnmbm Z]tW
{]Xn_nw_hXv

bm IhnXzw \ncmXw `napIvXo N

hmwXn
tkm `yss\mw ZitbmIym
`ym kvXuXn kckzXo.

(AXn\ptijw kXzw cPv, Xav Cu aqpKp

WfpsS kmaym {]IrXnbpsS krjvS n`hnp.
ImSnbn {]Xn_nw_sat]mse {]IrXnbn \ne
sImffp tNX\bpsS Omb Xs kXyambn {]Xn`m
knpp)

(IhnXzw, \n`bX, t`mKw, apn Chbn Bcm

tWm B{Klw hinpXv Abm Cu ]pa{
fm kckzXo tZhnsb A\sNbvXv kvXpXns.)

13. tX\ NnXv{]Xn_nwt_\ {Xnhn[m `mXn

km ]p\x
{]IrXyhnXbm ]pcpjXzw ]p\ tX

7.

8.

406

cmaXv Hcp BhcWinsImv AXv ZrjvSmhv

Zriyw ChbpsS t`Zsbpw {_w krjvS n ChbpsS
t`Zsbpw BhcWw sNpp.

14. ipkXz{][m\mbmw ambmbmw

_n_ntXmlyP.
kXz {][m\m {]IrXnamtbXn {]Xn]mZytX

20. NnXnNvimbmkamthimXv Pohx kymZv

hyhlmcnIx
Aky PohXzmamtcm]mXv kmnWy
hy]`mktX

(ip kXz {][m\amb {]IrXn ambsbv ]db

sSpp. B ip kXz{][m\amb ambbn {]Xn
_nw_nXamb tNXm Xs B ip kXz{][m\amb
ambbn {]Xn_nw_nXamb tNX\ XsbmWv AP
({_w) Fv ]dbsSpXv. Bamb kh\mb
Cuizcs B[o\nepff D]m[nbmWv.

21. BhrXu Xp hn\jvSmbm t`Z `mtX

{]bmXn XXv
XYm kK{_Wm t`tZamhrXy
XnjvTXn

15. km abm kztim]m[n kh tkycky

ln
]iyambXztaIXzw khXzw

22. bm inkvXZzimZv {_ ]nXrXtXz\

`mktX
A{XmlymhrXn \mti\ hn`mXn
{_ kKtbmx

(B mb kh\mb C uizcs kzw

A[o\nepff D]m[nbmWv. ambsb hiampI,
FIambnocpI (AZznXobw) khXzw Ch
Cuizcs eWamIpp.

16. kmXznIXzmXv kajvSnXzmXv kmnXzm

KXma]n
PKXv IXpaIXpw hm Nm\yYm IXp
anitX

23. t`ZkvXtbm hnImcx kymXv ktK \

{_Wn XzNnXv
AkvX n `mXn {]nbw \p[w \ma tNXywi
]Iw.
24. BZy{Xbw {_cq]w PKcq]w XtXm Zzbw
At]y \macqt] tZz knZm\XXv]cx

hnt] icocw enwKicocw apX {_mWvUw

hscbpff PKns krjvSn sNpp. ambv cp
inIfpv. hnt] inbpw BhcW inbpw

(ImcWcq]amb {]IrXnbn tNX\ ns

OmbbpsS kamthiw kw`hnpXn\m hyhlmcnI
PKn Imcyw sNp Poh {]ISambnocpp.
AXns B PohXzw Btcm]him kmnbnepw
B`mknXambnocpp. BhcWin \jvSambno
m t`Zns kv ]jvSamb {]XoXnbpmIpp.
PohXzw AkvXanpp. bmsXmcp in krjvSnbpw
{_hpw X nepff t`Zs BhcWw sNbv X v
\nesImffpp. AXn\m hio`qXamb {_w hnImcw
{]m]nXpt]mse `mknXhpambn `hnpp. AhnsSbpw
BhcWw \jv SambnocpXn\m {_nsbpw
krjvSnbpsSbpw t`Zw kv] jvSambn sXfnbpp. CXp
c nepw k rj v S nbn a m{XamWv hnI mc ns
nXnbpffXv. {_n AXn. AkvXn (Dv) `mXn
({]XoXamIpp) {]nbamWv; cq]w, \mawCs\ Av
Awi D v . Chbn A kv X n, `mXn, {]nbw
CXpaqpw {_ns kzcq]fmWv. \mw, cq]w, Chc pw PK ns k zcq] fmIpp. C u c p
\macq]fpsS kw_m XsbmWv knZm\
]c{_w PKns cq]n DZv`mknpXv.

19. BhrtWmXy ]cm inx km kwkmcky

ImcWw
kmnWx hrctXm `mXw enwKtZtl\
kwbpXw

25. kam[n khZm IpcymXv lrZtbm

hmYhm _lnx
khnIevt]m \nhnIev] x kam[nZzn
hnt[m lrZn

(kmnIw kajv S ncq]w, khtemIn\pw

kmnbmbnhnpI Chbm Cuizc PKv
krjvSnpXn\pw krjvSnm XncnpXn\pw A\yYm
sNpXn\pw ka\mIpp.)

17. bx k Cuizc CXypx khXzmZn

`nKpssWx
inZzbm ln ambmbm hnt]mhrXn
cq]Iw
(C{]Imcw khXzmZn KpWtfmSv tNv B
tNX\s Cuizcs\v ]dbpp. ambbvv cp
inIfpv hnt]hpw BhcWhpw.)

18. hnt]inenwKmZn {_mWvUmw PKXv

krtPXv
AZrKvZriytbmt`Zw _ln {_
kKtbmx.

(B tNX\bpsS Ombbm {]IrXn aqphn[n

{]XoIamIpp. {]IrXnbm AhnambXp ImcWw
\nv PohXzm e`nncnpp)

407

(lrZbs ap \nntbm _ln`mKs

tI{oIcntm Fmtmgpw kam[nbn apgpIpI.
lrZbm\_nbmb kam[n khnIev]sapw \nhn
Iev]sapw cp hn[nemWv.

26. Zriy i_vZm\ptZtZ\ khnIev]x ]p\Zzn[m

ImamZynKm ZriymkvXXv kmntXz\
tNX\w
(khnIev] kam[n) cp hn[nemWv Hv
Zrim\phnw, atXv i_vZ m\p hnw. Nnn
DmIp Bmhv AXnhnImc ZriyamIpp.
tNX\amb Bmhv AXns kmnbmWv. Cu
hn[n [ym\nWw.

27. [ymtb ``riym\p hnt[m bw kam[nx k

hnIev]Ix
AkMvKx knZm\x kz{]t`m ssZzX
hPnXx
28. AkvanXn i_vZhntm bw kam[nx
klIev ]Ix
kzm\p`qXn ckmthkmriy i_vZmZy
t]nXpx
29. \nhnIev]x kam[nx kymnhmXnX
Zo]hXv
lrZobw _mlytZiy ]n bkvan Inw
hkv Xp\n
30. kam[ncmZyZrMvam{Xm \ma cq] ]rYrXn
kvX_v[o`mthm ckm kzmZmXv XrXobx
]qhhXx
31. GssIx kam[n`nx jUv`n\tbXv Imew
\nccw
tZlm`n[mt\ KfntX hnmtX ]camm\n
b{X b{X at\m bmXn X{X X{X ]cmarXw
32. `nZytX KrZb{KnnZyt khkwibmx
obt NmkyIamWn Xkvan
ZrjvtS ]cmhtc

33. abn PohXzaoiXzw Iev] nXw hkvX ptXm

\ ln

CXn bkvXp hnPm\mXn kaptm

\m{X kwibx
Hmw hmMv ta a\koXn imnx
(CXv Zriym\phn khnIev] kam[nbmIpp.
Rm AkwK\pw knZm\\pw kzbw {]Imihpw
AssZzX kzcq]hpamIpp. Cs\bpff khnIev]
kam[n i_vZm\p]nsav ]dbsSpp. Bm\p`qXn
ck ns B th i w \na n w Z ri y ns bp w
i_vZnsbpw Dt] ssIsmffp km[Is
lrZbn \nhnIev ] kma[n kw`hnpp. B
L n t bm Knb ps S nXnh mb p i q\ y am b
{]tZin sh hnfst]mse AhnNeambn
`hnpp. CXv lrZbn DmIp \nhnIev]hpw
khnIev]hpamb kam[nbmIpp. C{]Imcw _mlytZinepw GsXnepw hkvXphns\ eyamn Nnw
GIm{Kambnocpp. AXn kam[n Ddbv pp.
BZys kam[n {Zjv Smhnsbpw, Zriynsbpw
hnthIm kw`hnpp; cmas kam[nbn
{]tXyI hkvXphnepw AXns \macq]sf shtsd
shtsd Iv AXns AXnjvTm\`qXamb tNX\bpsS
Nn\w \Spp. aqmas kam[nbpw GItZiw
apnestmse Xs AXn kh{X hym]Iambn
ssNX\yw ckm\p`qXn P\nXamb Bthim
kv X _v [ Xbv v hnjbambn `hnpp. C s\
BZ{]Imcnepff kam[nIfpsS km[\bn Xs
\nccw Xs kabw NnehgnWw. tZlm`nam\w
CmXmIpXn\pw ]cam\w DmIpXn\pw
CSbmbm a\v FhnsSsbms t]mbmepw AhnsS
sbms ]caamb AarXXzns A\p`hapmIpp.
lrZbns {KnI inYneambnocpp; kIehpamb {_ns kmmXvmcapmIptXmsS
hnZzm\mb ]pcpjs kakv X Ifpw oWambnocpp. Fn Dff PohXzhpw CuizcXzpw
Iev ] nXamWv ; hmk v X hnIa C Xv Adnbph
ap\mbnocpp AXn bmsXmcp kwibhpan.
EtKzZob kckzXyp]\njv Ahkm\np.

Q
N

408

I
1

B{itam]-\n-jv

imn-] mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx irWp-bma tZhm `{Zw ]tiy
am- ` n- c y- P {Xmx nssc- c w- s sK- k v X p- phmw
kkvX\
- q-`n hytia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx kzkvXn
\ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn\ ]qjm hniz-thZmx
kzkvXn \kvXmtym Acn--t\anx kzkvXn t\m
_rl-kv]X
- nZ-[mXp Hmw imnx imnx imnx

bn-cn-p--h\pw {]mPm-]-Xy Fv ]d-b-s-Sp-p. Asn Ccp-]-n-\mep hjw Kpcp-Ip-eh

- m-k-a-\p-jvTn-p
{_m-W\pw \mev]-n-sb-p-hjw hsc C{]-Imcw A\pjvTm-\-n hn- p--h\pw {]mPm-]-Xy-\mWv acWw
hsc Kpcp-hns\ Dt]-n-m-Xn-cn-p ss\jvTnI {_Nmcn _rlm F \ma-m Adn-b-s-Sp-p.

2. Krlm A]n NXphn[m `hn hmm-Ihr-b imeo-\hrtbm bmbm-h-c-tLm-c-kw-\ymtZh-m-sc, R sNhn- I sImv awKfw {ihn-mkn-Im-tXn X{X hmmI hrbx Irjn-tKm\n-S-h-c-tW. Ip-I sImv awKfw ImWm-\n-S-hc
- -tW.
c- -hm-Wn-Py-a-Kln-X -ap-]-b p-Rv Pm\mx iX-kw-hkpZr-i--fmb AwK- sImpw icocw sImpw
-cmZnx {Inbm`nx bP Bm\w {]m-bt
\nsf kvXpXnp sImv tZh-m \n-bn-n-p
imeo- \ - h r- tbm bPtm \ bmP- b tm f
Bbpv A\p-`-hn-p-am-dm-I-tW. alm-Ion-im-en-bmb
[obm\m \m[ym-]-btm ZZtXm \ {]Xn-Kr-lvWx
C{ Rv \ sNp-am-dm-I-Ww. kh\mb
iX- k w- h - - c m`nx {Inbm- ` nb- P Bm\w
]qjmhv Rv awKfw \I-tW. A{]-Xn-tcm-[y-K-Xn{]m-b-t. tLmc-k\
- ym-knIm Dr-X-]-cn-]q-Xmbmb Kcp-U Rv awKfw \ItW. Hmw imnx
`n-cZv`nx Imcyw Iphx {]Xn Znh-k-am-lp-tXmRvO
imnx imnx
hrn-cq-]-bp-RvPm\mx iX-kw-h--cm`nx {Inbm`nx
lcn Hmw AYm-X - -Xzmc B{iamx tjmU-i- bP Bm\w {]m-bt
t`Zm `hn X{X {_-Nm-cn-W
- X
- phn[m `hn
Krl-- mcpw \mep-hn- [-am-Wv- -hmm-I-hr- n,
Kmbt{Xm {_mWx {]mPm-]tXym _rl-nXn b
imeo-\-hr-n, bmbm-hm, tLmc-k\
- ym-kn-I Cs\
D]-\-b-\m-Zp[zw {Xncm-{X-a-m-c-eh
- -Wmio Kmb{Xo
Ch-cn hmm-I-hrn IrjntKm kwc-Ww apX-emat{ k Kmb{Xx, tbm f mN-Xzm-cnw-iXv hjmWn
bh sNbvXp A\n-n-X-amb hmWn-Pym-Zn-I sNbvXp Gsd
thZ {_ Ncyw NtcXv {]Xn-thZw ZzmZi hm bmhZv
hj- bw sNbvXp Gsd hj- bw
{Kl-Wmw hm thZky k {_mWx kzZm-c-\nsNbvXp Bm-hns\ D]m-kn- p- p. imeo\ hrn kzbw
cXx EXp-Im-em`n Kmao kZm ]c-Zm-ch
- Po {]mPmbw sNp-p. Fm bw sNn-p-n-. ]Tn]Xyx, AYhm NXphnw-iXn hjmWn Kpcp-Ip-ep-p, Fm ]Tn-n- p- n-. Zm\w sImSp-pp
hmko {_mtWm Am NXzm-cnw-iXv hj-hmko
F Zm\w hmp-n-. Cs\ sNbvXv Bm-hns\
N {]m-Pm-]Xyw B {]mb-W mZv Kptcm-c-]-cn-XymKo
D]m-kn-p-p. bmb-h-c bw sNp-Ibpw sNn-pss\jvTntIm _rl-nXn.
lcn Hmw B{i-a-- \mep-hn-[-am-Wv. Ahbvv ]Xn\mdv hn`m-K--fp-ap-v. {_-Nm-cn-I \mep hn`m-K-n
s]Spw. Kmb-{X {_m-W {]mPm-] -Xy _rl.
btm-]-hoXw [cn--Xn-\p-tijw aqp cm{Xn Dn-m
Blmcw Ignv Kmb{Xn P]n-p--hs\ Kmb-{X Fp
]d- bp- p. \mev]-n- sbp hjw thZm- [ym- b- \mw {_Ncyw A\p-jT
v n-p-Itbm Hmtcm thZhpw ]{p hjw
hoXw Nne-h-gnv ]Tn-p-Itbm \-Xp-s]e thZ-m\w
knn-p--Xp-hsc ba-\n-b-am-Zn-I ]c-]m-en-p-Itbm
sNp--h {_-W-s\v ]d- b-s-Sp-p. kzZm-X-\n- c-X\pw
EIm-em-`n-Km-an-bp-am-bn-p--h kZm-]-c-k{v Xn-]-cmMv apJ-\m-

I-bpw sNp-p. ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p- -Ibpw sNp-p.

Zm\w sImSp-p-I-bpw Zm\w tamln-p-Ibpw sNp-p. C{]Imcw Abm Gsd hj- b---f- \p- jvTnv Bm-hns\
D]m-kn-p-p. tLmc-k-\ym-kn-I Xt]m-\n-c-X- cm-bn-cpv
Gsd- mew bm- Zn-I sNbvXpsImv D]m- kn-p- Ibpw
{]mn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.

3. hm\-{]m A]n NXphn[m `hn sshJm\km DZpw-_cm _me-Jneym t^\]m tXn X{X
sshJm-\-km-A-Ir--]-Nyu-j -[n-h-\-k v]-Xn-`n{Km-a_-ln-jvIr-Xm`nn ]cn-Nc
- Ww IrXzm ]-a-lm-b- { Inbmw \nh- b Bm\w {]m-

409

I bt DZpw _cm {]mX-cp-mb bmw Zni-a-`n-t{]-

km[p-hr-tjp {_m-tW-Ip-tejp ss`m-Ncyw

t XmZm-lr-tXm-Zpw-_c
- -_-Zc
- -\o-hmc iymam-ssI- Ncx #mm\w {]m-bt lwkm GI-Z-c- n-] -c n-N -c Ww IrXzm ]- a- l m-b - - {Inbmw [cmx inJm-hPnXm btm-]-ho-X-[m-cnWx inIy\nh- b Bm\w {]m-b t _me- I-a--ep-lkvXm {Kmssa-I-cm-{Xn-hm-knt\m \Ktc
Jneym PSm- [ - c m- o- c - N - h - X v e ]cn- { hXmx Xotjp ]-cm{Xw hk GI cm{X Zzncm{X
ImnIymw ]uamkymw ]pjv] -^ -e -ap- y- Ir{ Nm{.-WmZn Nc Bm\w {]m-bt
Px tijm-\u amkm hrXyp-a-]mP\w IrXzm ]c-a-lwkm \Z--[mcmx apW-A[mx Im-Iu-]oAn-] -c n-N -cWw IrXzm ]-a-lm-b - -{Inbmw \ - h m- k tk m f hy - e nw Km \ ` - [ c m
\nh-bt Bm\w {]m-b t^\]m apBX Ahy-m-Nmcmx A\p-m D-h
- D-Imx io-]-^-e-t`m-Pnt\m b{X Y{Y Zm-N -c--k v{Xn-Z- -I-a-ep inIy-] Pe-] -hnhktm An ]cn- N - c Ww IrXzm ]- a - l m- {X-] m{X ]mZp-I m-k -\ - i nJm btm-] -h o-X m\mw
b {Inbmw \nh-b Bm\w {]m- XymKn\x iq\ym-Km-c-tZ-h-Kr-l-hm-knt\m \ tXjmw
bt!
[tm\m[tm \ Nm\rXw khw-klm khkamx ka- t emjvT m iva Im- \mx btYm- ] -]
sshJm-\-k-m, _me-Jn-ey-m, DZpw-_-c-m, t^\NmXphWy ss`m- N cyw Ncx Bm\w
]-m F \mep hn`mKw hm\-{]--m- cn-ep- v. Ah-cn
tam b CXn
sshJm-\-k kzbw apf-Xpw ]Nn-m-Xpw {Kmao-Wcm Dt]-n--s--h-bp-amb sNSn-If
- n \np hr- fn \npw Inp--hsb An ]cn-N-cWw sNbvXv ]a-lm-bw sNbvXp-sImv Bm-hns\ D]m-kn-p-p.
DZpw-_-c {]`m-X-n Xs Fgp-tv FhnsS \nsnepw _Zmw, hcn- s\v Xp-Sn-bh tiJ-cnv An-tlm{Xw
sNbvXv ] alm-b--n\p tijw Bm-hns\ D]mkn-p-p. _e-Jn-ey PSm-[n-cbpw Po-h-kv{Xw, ac- hpcn
Ch-tbmsS Imn-I ]uan Znhkw ]pjv]-^e
- -
shSnv NmXpmkyw Hgnv Fp-am-khpw Ign-p-IqSm thXp t\Sn An ]cn-N-c-Whpw ] alm-bhpw \nh-lnv Bm-hns\ D]m-kn-p-p.
D--s\-tmse t^\-] s]mgnp hoW Cebpw
Imbpw apw FhnsS Inp-pthm AhnsS Xma-knp
Aym-[ym\w sNbvXv ]-a-lm-b--a-\p-jvTnv Bmhns\ {]mnp Ign-bp-p.

4. ]cn-{hm-PIx A]n-NX
- p-hn[mx `hn IpSo-Nc
- m,
_lq-Z-Im, lwkm, ]c-a-lw-km, tXn X{X IpSoNcm kz]p-{X-Kr-tljp `nm-Ncyw Nc Bm\w
{]m- b t _lq- Z - I m- k v { Xn- Z - - I - a - ep
inIy-] - - P - e - ] -h n- { X- ] m- {X]m ZpIm- k \ inJm
btm- ] - h o- X - I u- ] o- \ - I m- j m- b - t h- j - [ m- c nWx

k\ym-kn-am, IpSo-N-c, _lq-Z-I, lwk, ]c-alw-k Fv \mep-hn-[-ap-v. Ch-bn IpSo-N-c Xs

]p{Xm-Zn-I-fpsS Krl--fn \npw `n kzoI-cnv Bhn-Nn-\w sNp-p. _lq-Z-I {XnZ-w, Ia--ep,
inIy-]-w, Pe-]m-{Xw, ]mZp-Iw, Bk-\w, inJ, btm]-ho- Xw, Ijmb hkv{Xw Fnh [cnpw k-cnpw B[ym-\-\n-c-X-\mbn Ign-p-Iq-Sp-p. lwk GI-Zw
[cnpw inJ IqSm-sXbpw btm-]-ho-X-tm-Sp-IqSn
inIyw Ia-ep Ch FSpv {Kma-n Hcp cm{Xnbpw
hknpw Htm ctm aqtm cm{Xn Ir{-Nm-{m-b-Wm-ZnI kzoI-cnpw B-hn-Nn-\ X]-c-cmbn Ignp
IqSp-p. ]c-a-lw-k Z-anmsX Xe-sam--b-Snv IIu- ]o-\-[m- cn- bmbn Ahy Nn- tmsS [oc- \mbpw im\mbpw D--\-s-nepw D--s\p tXmn-p
atmsS {XnZ-w, Ia--epw, inIy-]-w, Pew, ]hn-{Xw,
]m{Xw, ]mZp-Iw, Bk-\w, inJ, btm-]-hoXw Fn-h
Dt]-nv Po-Kr-l-- fntem t{X- -entem Ign-bp-p.
Ahv [m-[m-hn-Nn-tbm kXym-k- Xy-hn-th-N-\tam
C. Ah Fpw kln-m Ign-hp--hcpw kl-ZinIfpw NmXph-Wy--fn \nv Inp `n kzoI-cnv
tam-km-[\ sNp--hc
- m-W.v
B{i-tam-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

Q
N

410

1 GIm--tcm-]-\n-jv
imn-]mTw
Hmw. kl-\m-hhXp. kl\u `p\-p. k_
hocyw Ic-hm-hs
- sl. tXPkzn \mh-[o-X-a-kvXp. am
hnZznjm hssl. Hmw imnx imnx imnx.
]c-{_ Rsf cp-t]-scbpw Hcp-anv cn-s. R cp t]cpw Hcp-anv ]cn-]m-en-s R
cp- t]- c pw Hcp- a nv Ign- h pIt\Ss. R
At\ym\yw hntZzjw ]pem-Xn-cn--s.

1. lcnx Hmw GIm-cw Xztcy{XmkvXn tkmta

kpjp-av\bmw tNl ZrVo k GIx Xzw hniz-`q
`pX- ] Xnx ]pcmWx ]P\y GtIm `ph \ky
tKm]vXm
2. hntiz \na--]-Zhox Iho\mw |
Xzw PmX-thtZm `ph-\ky \mYx |
APm-X-at{K k lncWy tcXm |
bkvXz tasshI hn`qx ]qcmWx
3. {]mWx {]kq-Xn `ph\ ky tbm\n |
hym]vXw Xzbm GI-]t- Z\ hnizw |
Xzw hniz-tbm\n ]cm kzKt` |
Ipamc GtIm hninJx kp[m
4. hnX-Xy-_mWw Xcp-Wm-hw |
thymam-tc `mkn lnc-Wy-K`x |
`mkm-Xzbm thymav\n IrXx kpXmy |
kvXzw ssh Ipam-c-kvXz-a-cn-jvS-t\anx
5. Xzw h{P`r-Zv`qX]Xn-kvXz-tah |
Imax {]Pm\mw \nltXmkntkmta |
kzmlm-kzm-[m-b hjvS-It- cmXn |
cp{Zm ]iq\mw Kpl-bm-\n-a-w.
Atbm `K-hm-s\, A-c-\mb Av tkmas cq]nepw kpjp-av\m-am-n IqSnbpw Cu kl-{km-c-]-n [ym\n-m km-am-{X-n \ne-sIm-p
Htc ]c-aX
- -Xz-am-Ip-p. GIm--c-n Ah-ti-jn-p-p.
`K-hm-s\, GIm--c-amb ]c-{-a--kz-cq-] Ap-Xs
- bm-Wv. {]]--Im-c-W-kz-cq-]\pw ]pcm-W-]p-cp-j\pw ApX-s. Av PmX-th-Zpw `ph-\
- ns \mY-\p-am-Wv.
lnc-Wy-tc-Xpw b-kz-cq-]\
- p-am-W
- v. `ph-\I
- m-c-Wambn hn-p-Xv Am-Wv. A-bpsS GI- ]m-Z- n
hniz-samw hym]n-n-cn-p-p. {]]--ns \nb-m-

K
3

sh-\
- n-e-bn Ipam-c-kz-cq-]\pw hnm-fnbpw Ap-Xs
A-bpsS {]Imiw sImp-Xs kqcy BIm-i-n
{]Im-inp sImn-cn-p-p. Imn-tI-b-cq-]-n-ep
tZh-ssk-\ym-[n-]\pw AcnjvS t\anbpw Am-W.v C{cq-]-n Av h{Pw [cn-p-p. Xp{Z-cq-]-n kI-ePo-hn-I- fp-sSbpw kzman-bmbn hn-p-Xv Am- W.v N{tem-I-n ]nXr--fpsS Ima-cq-]hpw thsd-bm-cp-a
- . tZhm-cp-sSbpw ]nXr--fp-sSbpw Xr]vXn-p-thn b-{im-Z n-I -fn sN-s -Sp kzmlbpw kz[bpw hjSv
Imchpw Ap-X-s-bm-Ip-p. Pohn-I-fpsS lrZ-b--fn
hym]n-n-cn-p-Xv Am-Ip-p.

6. [mXm-hn-[mXm ]h\x kp]tm |

hnjvWp hcmtlm cP-\o-c-l |
`qXw `hn-jyXv {]`hx {Inbm |
Imex {IamkvXzw ]c-am-cw N
7. EtNm bPqwjn {]k-hn h{mXv |
kmam\n k{am-Uz-ky-c-c
- ow |
Xzw b-t\Xm lpX-`pKv hn`q |
cp{Z-kvXYm ssZXy-K-Wm-hk
- p
8. k Gj tZthm _c-K Nt{I |
At\ym`yXnjvtTX Xtam-\n-cp |
lnc-bx bky hn`mXn khw |
thymam-tc civan-an-aw-kp-\m`nx
9. kh-thm `ph-\ky tKm]vXm |
Xm`nx {]Pm\mw \nlnXm P\m\mw |
t{]Xm XztaXm hnNnXw {IamWmw |
{]Pm-]Xnx O-atbm hnK`
10. kmssan Ztm hnc-P
- -_mlp |
lnc-bw thZ-anZmw hcnjvTw |
ba-[ztc {_-hnZx kvXphn |
kmssa-cp-p`nx-{IXp `nkvXz-tah
Av {]mW-cq-]-n [mXmhpw krjvSn-Imhp
sa \ne-bn tim`n-p-p. hn[m-Xmhpw ]h-\\pw KcpU\pw hnjvWphpw hcm-lhpw cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw `qX-`-hnjy-Zz-am-\
- fpw Ap-X-s. kIe {Inb-Ifpw ImeK-Xnbpw Ap-Xs
- . BcpsS apJ-n \nmtWm
EtKzZw bPpthZw kma-thZw Fnh D-hn--Xv. B
{]Im-i-kz-cq-]\pw Am-Wv. GIm-Z-i-cp-{Z-m, ssZXy-

411

I m, hncmSv kzcq-], kqcym-Zn-If- n Xnf-p civanI, A-cyman kI-eXpw Am-W.v lnc--b\pw thZhn-p-If
- n hcn-jvT\pw Bb Asb thZ-hn-p-I
kvXpXn-p-p. kma-, bPp-p-I, Ep-I Ch-bmsemw kvXpXn--s-Sp-Xpw Am-Ip-p.

11. Xzw kv{Xo ]pamwkvXzw N Ipamc GI |

kvXzw ssh Ipam-co-hyY `qkvXz-tah |
Xztah [mXm hcp-W-c
- mPm |
Xzw htcm nba Gh khw.
12. an{Xx kph-{ Ct{m hcptWm |
cp{Z-kvXzjvSm hnjvWpx khnXm
tKm]-Xn-kvXzwXzw |
hnjvWp`q-Xm\n Xp {Xmkn ssZXymw |
kvXztb-hrXw PK-Zp-Zv`-h-K`

13. Xzw `q`p-hk

- zkvXzw lnkz-bw-`q-cY
hniz-tXm-apJx |
b Ghw-\nXyw thZ-btX Kplm-ibw |
{]`pw ]pcmWw kh-`qXw lnc-bw
lnc-Wvabw _pn-atXmw ]cm-KXnw |
k_p-n-am _pn-a-XoXy XnjvT-Xo-Xyp]-\n-jv

kv{Xo, ]pcp-j, Ipam-c, Ipam-cn, `qan, [mXm-hv,

hcp- W , cmPm- h v , a- c w, A n, ba, an{X,
kph, N.-{, C{, hcp-W, cp{Z, XzjvSm-hv,
hnjvWp, khn-Xm-hv, tKm]-Xn, PK-y- jvSmhv Fmw ApX-s. Av temI-sf ]men-p-p. `px, `phx, kzx
hniz-tXm-ap-J kh-`q-X kI-e-Xn\pw GIm-{ibw Cu
\ne-bn-semw hncm-Pn-p-Xpw Ap-Xs
- . Asb
Adn-bp--h AhnZym P\n-X-amb {`a-_pn AkvX-anv
Poh-p--\mbn `hn-p-p-shv D]-\n-jv
GIm- -tcm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

IT-cp-t{Zm-]-\n-jv

imn- ] mTw
Hmw kl-\ m-h -h Xp kl\u `q\p klhocyw Ic-hm-ssh. tXP-kzn-\m-h-[oX akvXp, am
hnZzn-jm-hs
- sl. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
]c-{_w R cp-t]-scbpw Hcp-anv cn-s. Rsf cp-t]-scbpw Hcp-anv ]cn-]m-e n--s.
R Hcp-anv in-{]m-]n--s. R-fpsS hnZy tXPkzn-bm-bn-cn-s
- . R ]c-k]
v cw tZzjn-m-Xn-cn-s
- .
Hmw. imnx imnx imnx

jy ]p{Xw ZrjvSzm Xzw {_mXzw b-Irjy

]p{Xw ZrjvSzm Xzw {_mXzw bkvXzw hjSvI m-c-kvXz-tammckvX zw kzmlmXzw kz[m Xzw
[mXm Xzw hn[mXm Xzw {]XnjvTm koX htZ-Xv.
AY ]pt{Xm hZ-Xrlw {_mlw btmlw
hj-SvIm-tcmltamm-tcmlw kzmlmlw kz[mlw
hn[m-Xmlw XzjvSmlw {]Xn-jvTm-ka
v n-Xn.

Hcp L-n tZh-m-sc-m-hcpw tNv {]Pm-]X

- nbmb {_m-hn-t\mSv ]dp: ""`K-hm-t\, Rv
{_-hnZy D]-tZ-inp Xcp-I.''

{_mhv ]dp: inJ-tbm-sSmw apWvU\w sNbvXv

]qWq Dt]-nv ]p{Xs\ t\mn "\o {_mhpw
b-hp-am-Ipp; \o Xs-bmWv hj-Svm-chpw Hmm-chpw. \o Xs-bmWv kzmlmbpw kz[mbpw [mXmhpw
hn[m-Xmhpw {]Xn-jvTbpw' Fv ]d-b-Ww. AXn-s\-pSv ]p{X ]d-bWw ""Rm {_mhpw bPvRhpw
hj-SvIm-chpw Hmm-chpw kz[mbpw kpJbpw [mXmhpw
hn[m-Xmhpw XzjvSmhpw {]Xn-jvTbpw BIpp Fv.

2. k {]Pm-]-X n-c -{_-h o-Xv '' kin-J m tIim

\njvI rjy hnkr-P yb btm-]h
- oXw \njv Ir

3. Xmt\y-Xm-\y\p {hP-{- ip-am-]m-X-tbXv bZ-{ipam- ] m- X - t bXv {]Pmw h nn- ymXv {]Z- n- W -

1. tZhm l ssh `K-h-a

- -{_p-h "A[oln `Kh {_ hnZymw.

412

I amhrssyX ssX-m\ th-amWmx {]Xym-

sSmw apWvU \w sNp-t m ]qWp Ducn "Hmw

`qkzmlm' Fp-c
- nv AXv Pe-n-se-dn-b-Ww. ]ns
bn kkztm `h-Xn.
CjvS- ap tbmK-{Inb sNmw. As\ At\-i-\-mtem
]noSv ]cn-{hm-P-I-\mbn Krlw ssIhnv ]p{X-an-{XmPe-{]-th-i-mtem An-{]-th-i-mtem alm-{]-m-\Zn-I A\p-K-an-p-tm Io-scm-gp--cp-Xv. Fs-m
n-eq-sStbm PohnXw Ah-km- \n- n- -Ww. A- n GsXA{ip-]mXw kXn \mi-Im-c-Wa
- m-Wv. ap--h k\ymnepw hr-k-\ym-kn-bpsS B{i-a-n Xma-kn-mw.
knsb {]Z-nWw shv Ap-anpw t\mmsX Krl]mtem shtam tNp k\ymkn Fp-I-gn-ptm
n-tebvv aS--Ww. C-s\-bp k\ymkn kzw
AXp Xs Abm-fpsS lh-\w. Aam-hm-ko-Zn-hkw `n{]m]n-p-p.
p Blm-c-n\v Zi-b-s
- apw ]u-am-kn-bn
4. {_ Nmco thZ-a-[oXy thtZmm NcnX {_- Ign-p Blm-c-n\v ]u-amkn b-sapw ]dN-tcym-Zc
- m-\m-lrXy ]p{Xm-\pXv ]mZy Xm\-\q-cq-]- bp- p. hk Imev apSnbpw XmSnbpw aoibpw
hm-Zn-`n hnX-tXymjvSzm N intXm b ssx apWvU\w sNp-Xv Abm-fpsS An-jvtSm-a-am-Ip-p.

Xky k\ymtkm Kpcp-`n-c -\p- m-X ky _mssh tkmcWyw ]tcXy ZzmZi cm{Xw ]bkmn tlm{Xw Pplp-bm-Xv. ZzmZ-ic
- m{Xw ]mtbm-`m-kym-Xv. ZzmZ-ic
- m-{X-kymt Atb sshizm\- c mb {]Pm- ] - X tb N {]mPm- ] Xyw Ncp- s shjvW hw {Xn]m-e -a nw kwn-Xm\n ]qhmWn
Zmcp ]m{Xm- W y- K \u Pplp- b m- X v. ara- bm- \ b]vk p Pqlp-bmXv ssXP-km\n Kpcth ZZym-Xv.
amXzw ama-]l
- mb ]cmKmx \mlw Xzma-]-lmb ]cmKm-a n- X n. Kml-] Xy Zn-W m- m-h m- l - h - \ otb
jzcWn tZimZv `kva-apjvSnw ]nt_-Zn-tXy-tI. kinJm tIim \niv I rjz hnkrPy btm- ] hoXw `pxkzm-tl-Xyp]vkp Pplp-bm-Xv. XX Du[za\ i\-a-]mT {]th-ivan {]thiw hocm-[zm\w
alm-{]-m\w hrm-{iaw hm Kt-Xv. ]b-kmbw
{]miv\o-bmXv tkm ky kmbw tlmax. bXv{]mXx
tkmbw {]mX bti Xi-\w. bXv ]uamtky XXv ]u-am-kyw. bZz-kt tIi-iva{i p - t e m- a m- \ - J m\ n h m] - t bX v tk mk m n
\njvtSmax

kw\ym-kymnw ]p\-cm-h-tb-r-Xyp Pbam-hl

- a
- n-Xy-[ym-a
- -{m ]tT-Xv. kzkvXn khPo-th`y CXyp-tmm\a-\-\yw-[ym-b Du[z
_mlq hnap amtm `th-Xv. A\n-tI-X-t- cXv. `nmio bXv Inn-m-ZymXv esshIw \[mh-tbXv Pp-c
- -Wmw hhw CXn. XZhn
tmImx `hn!
kw\ymkw ssIh-cn-X
- n-\p-tijw Aym-[m-\-ac
- p-Xv.
B[ym-nI 480 a{- P]n-pI am{Xta sNm-hq.
kIe Pohn-Ipw awKfw `hn-s F {]m-\tbm-Sp-IqSn Du[z _mlp-ambn am-n k-cn--Ww.
Krlw shSn-bWw; `nmw sImv kwXr-]X
v n-b-S-b-Ww.
Hcn-Sv Xs Ign-b-cp-Xv. hj-Im-e--fn Fhn-sS-sbnepw Xma-kn-mw. AXns\ kw_-n-p tmI-.
1. IpWvUImw "Nakw' inIyw {Xnhn-jvS-]a
- p-]m-

\lu
iotXm-]-Lm-Xn\ow Iw Iu]o-\mm Z\w XYm
2. ]hn{Xw kv\m\-imSnw N Dcm kmK-tah N |
btm-]h
- oXw thZmw khw XZv
{_-Nc
- y-a-\p-jvTnv thZm-[y-b\w sNbvXv buh-\hP-tb-ZyXnx
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414

I 21. B\-t\ kZm ]qx kZm-m-\a- bx

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kmnWx
hnjvW p-]qhIm |
Bmhv Cu B\- -a -bm-m-h n hkn- p- p.
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mhp IqSn-bp-v. AXv khhym]nbpw khm--cym-anbpw
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415

I 36.-Xm-]y-Xm-]I- c- q-t]W

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416

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ass{x ]cnKrlymncnXn `kva hmbpcnXn `kva
JanXn `kva PeanXn `kva CXyt\\m`na{y
am\kvtXmtI X\b CXn karrXy am t\m
almkvtXmtI X\b CXn karrXy am t\m
almanXn PteK kwkPy {XnWmbpj Pa
Z nc nX n i nt c me e mS h x k vI t j p
{Xnbmbpssj kssXyw_ssI kv { Xnin`n
kvXncyIv Xn{kmx tcJm {]IphoX {hXtaXXv
iw`th kthjp thZhmZn`ncpw XkvamXv kam
Ntcpappx \ ]p\`amb
Hcn k\XvIpamc `Khm Imemncp{Zt\mSv
tNmZnp. "`Khms\, {Xn]p{[mcWns hn[nXXz]qhIw F\nv ]dp a\nemn XcpI. AsXmWv? AXns m\ GsXsbmWv? AXns
Afshv?F{X tcJI thWw? GXv a{w D]tbmKsSpWw? AXns insbv ? tZhX BcmWv?
Imhmcv, AXns ^esav ? AXp tIv Imemn
cp{Z ]dp {Xn]p{ns {Zhyw Antlm{Xnse `kvaw XsbmWv. B `kvaw "ktZym PXm`nx
XpSnb Ap a{ sNmn ssIsmffWw.
AncnXn `kv a m, hmbpcnXn `kva , PeanXn`kva ,
eanXn `k v a , thytaXn`kv a Cu a{ m
A`na{nXamWw. "am\kvtXmI F a{w sImv
hncenseSppI " am tKm alm F a{w sImv
shffsaSpv " {Xnbmbpj F a{m incv, eemSw,
hv, kvIw, ChnSfn "{Xbmbpj "{Xyw_I
a{ sNmn aqp tcJI tNv sXmSWw. CXns\
imw`h{hXw FmWv ]dbpI. CXns\n kIeth
Zhmfpw FSpp]dnpv. ]p\Pw B{Kln
m tamNvip CXv [cnt XmWv.

4.

AY k\XvIpamcx {]amWaky ]{]

{Xn]p{ [mcWky

5.

{Xn[m tcJm BeemSmXv Nptjm

cm{`pthm[yX

bmky {]Yam tcJm km Kml]XyImtcm

APx kzmm {Inbm inx EtKzZx {]mXx
kh\w atlizcotZhtXXn

7. bmky ZznXobm tcJm ZnWmcpImc

kXyw acmm Cmin bPpthtZm am[y
anZw kh\w kZminthm tZhtXXn
8.

bmkym XrXobmtcJm kmlh\otbm aImcx

kvXa ]camm m\ in kmathZkvXr
Xob khu almtZthm tZhtXXn

9. {Xn]p{hn[n `kva\m ItcmXn tbm hnZzm

{_Nmcn Krlo hm\{]tm bXnhm kalm
]mXtIm`hmXtI`yx ]qtXm `hXn kthjp
Xotjp kv \ mtXm `hXn khm thZm\
[otXm `hXn khm tZhm mtXm `hXn
k kXXw kIe cp{Z a{Pm]n `hXn k kIe
t`mKm `pMvt tZlw Xyzm inh kmbpPy
taXn \ k ]p\cmhtX k \ ]p\cmhtX
l kvXml `Khm Imemn cp{Zx
10. bkvtXzXZzm f ZzmA[otX tkm At\y
Ghtah `ntXymw kXy anXyp]\njv
C{Xbpw tIv k\XvIpamc tNmZnp {Xn]p{X
n aqp tcJI CSpXn\pff ImcWsamWv?
Dcw CXmbncpp aqp tcJIfn BZytXv
Kml]Xymn cq]hpw ctPmKpWIcp]hpw `qtemI
cq]hpw kzmIcq]hpw {Inbmin EtKzZw {]mXkvX
h\wChbpsSbpw atlizcsbpw cq]nepffXmIpp.
cmas tcJ ZnWmn cq]w, DImccq]w, kzXzcq]w,
Acocq]w, Cmincq]w,bPp thZcq]w am[yw
Zn\ kh\ cq]w kZminhcq]w Ch tNXmWv.
aqmas tcJ Blh\ob cq]w, aImc cq]w, Xtam
cq]w, ZyutemI cq]w, ]amcq]w , m\in cq]w,
kmathZ cq]w CsXmw tNXmWv IqSmsX XrXob
kh\sbpw almtZhs\bpw {]Xn\n[oIcnpp.
Cs\ {_Nmcntbm Krlt\m hm\{]t\m
hm\{]t\m k\ymkntbm BIs hn[n]qhw
{Xn]p{w [cnp ]w Abm alm]m]fn
\npw D]]mXIfn \npw ap\mbnocpp.
kIe Xofnepw kv\m\w sNbvX ^ew Inpp.
kIe tZhXIfpsSbpw PmRmXmhmIpp. kIe
kpJfpw A\p`hnv Abm inhtemInsepp.
]ns Abmv ]p\cmhrnbn. Cs\ `Khm
Iemncp{Z ]dp. CXv ]Tnph\pw AtX
\nebnsepp Fv D]\njv hyampp.
Imemn cpt{Zm]\njv kam]np.

418

I
1

Ipn-tIm-]-\n-jv 3

imn-]mTw
Hmw B]y-bp aaw-Km\n hmIv {]mW-p:
t{im{XatYm _e an{n-bmWn N khmWn khw
{_tm-]-\n-jZw amlw {_ \ncm-Ip-cymw. am am
{_ \ncm-I-c-W -a-kvXz-\n-c m-I-cWw ta AkvXp.
XZm\n \nctX b D]-\ n-jXv kp [mkvtX
abn-kp Hmw imnx imnx imnx
Hmw Fs AwK- ]pnsb {]m]n--tW. hmv,
{]mW, t\{Xw, t{im{Xw Fn-hbpw C{n-b-fpw ]pn
{]m]n-tW. CXv D]-\n-j-Zp--am-b{- _-a
- m-Wv. Rm
AXns\ \ncm-I-cn-m-Xn-cn--tW. {_w Fs ssIsh-Snbm-Xn-cn--tW. F\np {_-n\pw Xn At`Zy
_w Dm-Ip-am-dm-I-tW. {_-\n-c-X-\mb Fn D]\n-j-Zp---fmb [- \ne-sIm-tW. Hmw imnx
imnx imnx

lcn Hmw {_-N-cym-{ita otW |

Kpcp ip{iq-jtW cXx |
thZm-\-[ o-Xym-\p-mX |
DNytX Kpcp-Wm-{iao ||
2. Zmc-am-lrXy kZri |
an-am-[mb inXx |
{_o-annw bPmm |
kma-tlm-cm-t{XW \nh-t]Xv ||
3. kwhn-`Py kpXm-\t |
{Kmay-Im-am hnkrPy N |
k-c h\ amtW |
ipNu tZti ]cn-{`-a ||
4. hmbp `tmw f _p`tm hm |
hnlnssXx Ip-aq-essIx |
kzi-cotc kam-]ymY |
]rYnhymw \m{i-]m-Z-tbXv ||
5. kl tXss\h ]pcpjx |
IYw kp\ykvX DNytX |
k \ma-t[tbm bkvanwkvXp |
IYw kw\ykvX DNytX ||
1.

thZ- ]Tnv {_-Nc

- ym-{iaw Ah-km-\n-n--Xn-\ptijw Kpcp-ip-{iqjm \nc-X-\m-bn-hn- p--h\pw hnp

t]mIm Kpcp-hn \nv A\p-hmZw Inn-bh

- -\p-amb
injys\ B{ian Fv ]d-bp-p. X\n-n-W-nb I\yIsb hnhmlw Ignv bYm-in Aym-[m\w sNbvXv
{_-b--n apgp-In-bn-cn-p-I Krl-s IS-a-bmWv. ]ns ]p{X- mv [\w hn`-Pnp sImSpv \mp-Imcy-fpw Ahsc G]nv h\-n t]mIpI. AhnsS
]cn-ip--m-\-n k-cn--Ww. hmbp `-I-\mtbm
Ing-pw, Imbpw Xntm icocw kwc-n--Ww. F{X
{]bmk-ap-m-bmepw Io s]mgn--cp-Xv. C{X- bp-am-b-XpsIm- p-am{Xw Hcm kw\ym-kn-bm-In- . BZyw kqNn-n-Xv
kmam\y \nb-a-am-W.v k\ymkw AXnepw D]-cn-bmb HmIp-p.

6. XkvamXv ^e-hn-ip-mwKo |
kw\ymkw kwln-Xm-\mw |
An hw hn\n-jv{Iay |
hm\-{]w {]]-ZytX ||
7. temI-hXv `mcybm f ktm |
h\w KXn kwbXx |
kwXrzm kwkrXn kpJ-
ap\p-Xn-jvTXn Inw ap[m |
8. Inwhm ZpxJa-\p-kvar-Xym
t`mKmw-kvXy-P-Xn-tNm-N-{hn-Xm |
K`-hm-k-`-bmZv `oXx iotXm-jvWm`yw XssY hN
9. Kplyw {]th-jv-an-man ]cw ]Z-a-\m-abw |
CXnx kw\y-kym-{Kn-a-]p-\-cm-h\w b arXypP-b-am-h-lm-ao-Xn. |
Am-cy-n\v ^em-t] IqSmsX k\ym-kb
- p-\mbn An-sbbpw h-sbpw XyPnv hm\-{]-m{iaw kzoI-cn--Ww. km[m-c-W-m-sc-tmse kv{XokpJw
temI-kpJw Fnh shSnv Imn sNp sNp
A\p-jvTm- \--fm ^e-an As- n K`-in-tXm-jvW-tim-Zn-I `bv Imn Ign-bp- -X nepw A-an- .
bYm hm\-{]-\pw kw\ym-knbpw Krlw shSn-bpXv ]c-a-]-Z-{]m-]X
v n-m-W.v ]p\P-mZn ZpxJn \nv
hnSp-X Inm m\n arXyp-RvP-b-amb ]c-{_-s
B{i-bn-p-p.

10. AYm-[ym- -a-{m Pt]Xv Zom-ap-t]-b mXv

Imjm-b-hmkmx Itm-]--tem-am\n hP-tbXv
Du[z-_m-lphn-ap amltm `hXn

419

I 11.

A\n- tI- X - -t cZv `nm- i m- i o- \ n- Z n- [ ym- k \w

Z[ym-X v. ]hn{Xw [mc-tb--p-k w-c- -W mw
XZ]n tmImx `h-n.
A[ym a{- P]np Imjmb hkv{Xw [cnpw
Zo kzoI-cn-t--Xp-v. Iw D]w Fn-h-bnse
tcma--sfm-gnsI _mn tcma- hSnp If-b-Ww.
Du[z-_m-lp- hmbn tkzm-\p-k-cWw k-cn-p-I. Krlw
hnv `nmw sImv ]pe-c-Ww. \nZn-[ym-k\w thWw.
Pp--fn \nv kwc--W-n\v ]hn{Xw [cn--Ww.
AXns\ kw_-n-p tmI-.

19. \ ta tZtl\ kw_tm |

tatL-t\h hnlm-bkx |
AXx IptXm ta Xm |
Pm{KXv kz]v\ kpjp-]vXnjp ||

]pg-bpsS Xoctm t{X-ns shfn-bntem InS-s. Bh-iy-an-msX ico-cs ]oUn-n--cp-Xv. Ipfnm\pw IpSn-m\pw iuN-n\pw ip-Pew ssIsm-Ww. kvXpXn-bn ktm-jn-p-Itbm \n-bn tIm]n-pItbm Acp-Xv. `nm-]m-{X-hpw shhpw Inp-Xv kzoIcn- -Ww. Cs\ D-a- hr-n-tbmsS kw\ymkn P]-X-ev]12. IpnImw Nakw inIyw |
c-\m-I-Ww. BIm-i- n \nv hmbphpw hmbp-hn \nv
{Xnhn--]-ap-]m-\lu |
tPymXnpw tPymXn-n \nv Pehpw Pe-n \nv
]rYznbpw Cs\ kh-`q-X--fnepw hym]-c-n-cn-p
iotXm-]-Lm-Xn\ow Imw |
{_s Rm {]m]n-n-cn-p-p. AP-chpw Aa-chpw
Iu]o-\m-m-Z\w XYm ||
A-chpw Ahy-b- hp-amb {_s Rm {]m]n-n-cn-p13. ]hn-{Xw kv\m\-imSnw N D-cm-km-Kta hN |
p. AJ kpJ-k-ap-{Z-amb Fn AkwJyw Xnc-amAtXm-Xn-cnw bXv InnXv |
e-I ambm-am-cpX hn{`-a-m Dmbn hne-bw-sIm-pkhw XZzmP-tb-ZyXnx ||
p. BIm-i-n\v taL-hp-ambn _-an-m--Xp-t]mse
Ia--ep, ]m{Xw, {Xnhn--]w, sNcn-,v XWpv XS-bm- ico-cs _m[n- p Pm{KXv kz]v\ kpjp]vXn XpS- nb
\p-X-Ip XpWn Iu]o\w Ipfn-m-\p tXmv AwK- {]Xn-`m-k--fp- ambn F\nv bmsXmcp bmsXmcp _hpw
hkv{Xw C]-sbm- gn-p- -sXmw kw\ymkn ]cn-Xy-Pn-- Ww. C.

14. \Zo-]p-fn-\-imbo kymXv |

tZhm-Km-tc-jp-_m-lyXx |
\mXyw kpJ ZpxJm`ymw |
ico-c-ap-]-Xm-]-tbXv ||
15. kv\m\w ]m\w XYm iuN-
aZv`nx ]qXm-`n-cm-Nt- cXv |
kvXqb-amt\m \ XptjyX |
\nntXm \ it]Xv ]cm ||
16. `nm-Znssh Zew ]m{Xw |
kv\m\-{Zhy ahm-cnXw |
Ghw hrn-ap-]m-kot\m |
btX-{ntbm Pt]Xv kZm ||
17. hnizmb a\p-kw-tbmKw |
a\km `mh-tbXv kp[ox ||
BIm-imZzm bphPm-tbmtPy-Xn tPymXnj Bt]m,
A]v`yx, ]rYn-ho, Gjmw `qXm\mw {_-\-{]-]tZym AP-ca-a-c-- c-a-hybw {]tZym

18. a-J kpJmw t`m[u |

_lp[m hniz-ho-Nbx |
DXv]-Zyt hneo-bt |
ambm-am-cpX hn{`-amXv ||

20. BIm-i-hXv Iev]-hn-Zq-ctKm f l

amZn-Xy-hZv `mky-hn-e
- tWm f lw |
Blm-c-cy-h-nXy hn\n-tem f l
awt`m-[n-hXv ]mc-hn-h-ntXm f lw ||
21. \mcm-btWm f lw \c-Im-tIm f lw |
]pcm tIm f lw ]pcptjm f laoix |
AJ--t`mt[m f la-ti-j-kmo |
\nco-iztcm f lw \nclw N \nax ||
BIm-i-s- tmse Rm Iev]-\m-Xo-X\pw kqcy-s\tmse {]Im-i-ap ]Zm--fn \nv thdn-h\pw
]hXXpeyw AN--e\pw kap{Zw t]mse A]m-chpw
BWv Rm. \mcm-bW
- \pw \c-Im--I\pw ]pcm--I\pw
]pcp-j\pw \nco-iz-c\pw \nc-l-m-c\pw \n- a-\p-am-W.v

22. XZ-`ym-tk\ {]mWm-]m\u kwbay

X{X tmIm `hn
hrj-Wm-]m-\t- bm at[y |
]mWn Bm-b-kw-{i-tbXv |
kwZ-iy-i-\-ssI Pnlzmw |
bh-amt{X hn\nXmw ||
23. amjm-am{Xmw XYm Zrnw t{imt{X
m]y-XYm `qhn
{ihtW \mkntI Km |
bXx kzw \ N kw{i-tbXv |

420

I 24. AY ssih-]Zw b{X |

kmnsb Krl-[-n-s\--t]mse \njv{]-tbm-P-\-ambn-o-cp PU-i-cocw Pe-n ]Xn--s. e-n

XZv {_ {_ XXv]cx |
]Xn--s. ssNX\y kzcq-]-amb F\nv IpSw ImcWw
XZ-`ym-tk\ et`yX |
BIm-i- n\v bmsXmcp hnIr-Xnbpw `hn-m--Xp-t]mse
]qh-P-mPn-XN
- m--\mw ||
Hcp hnIr-Xnbpw Dm-Ip-n- . Rm Cu {]m]- n-I-X-bn
- m-hn-.
{]mWm-]m- \--sf- n hrj-W-n\pw KpZ- n\pw at[y ]n-n-Sn--h\
cp ssIIfpw shbv-Ww. ]p-IsImv \mv kmh- 29. \njv{Intbm f kva rhn-Imtcm f kva n |
[m\w Aan Hcp-bh
- {- ]-amWw shfn-bn-tev X-Ww.
\njvI tem f kvan \ncm-IrXnx |
Zrn I-nepw ]noSv `qan-bnepw B-Ww. As\
\nhn-It]m f kvan \ntXym f kvan |
sNbvXm sNhn-bn i_vZhpw aqn Khpw Fp\ncm-ewt_m f kvan \nZzbx ||
I-bn-. {_s [ym\n-p--h Xs-bmWv {_w.
Ah Xs inh. ]qh-P ]pWy-m a\p-jy\v 30. khm-tIm f lw kthm f lw |
{_Xzw {]m]n-m Ign-bpw.
khm-XotXm f la-Zzbx |

25. kw`q-ssX hmbp kw{im]y |

lrZbw X] DNytX |
Du[zw {]]-ZytX tZlmZv |
`nXzm aq[m-\-a-hybw ||
26. kztZ-lkv Xp aq[m\w |
tb {]m]y ]camw KXnw |
`qbkvtX \ \nht |
]cm-]-c-hntZm P\mx ||
27. \ kmoWw kmy-[mx kwkv]r-in
hne-Ww
Ahn-Im-c-ap-{Zm-ko\w |
Krl [mx {]Zo-]-hXv ||
28. Pte hm]n te hm]n |
IZ-Im-t]yj PUm-Ix |
\mlw hnent]y Xss
LS-[ss \t`m bYm ||
lrZ-b
- ns Xm]w Fp ]d-bp-Xv hmbp-hns
\mZw Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. AXv tZlw t`Znp apI-fn-tep
t]mbn ic-n-se-p-p. kztZ-l-n \npw aqmhns\ {]m]n-p-I-sb--XmWv ]c-a-K-Xn. AXv {]m]n-p-
{_- m-\ n-I ap-c m-I p- p. hnNmc iq\y-\ mb

tIh-em-J t_mt[m f lw |
kzm\tm f lw \nc-cx ||
31. kztah khXw ]iy |
a\y-am\x ka-Zzbw |
kzm\--a-\p-`q-RvPmt\m |
\nc-hn-Ievt]m `hm arlw ||
32. Kwk XnjvTp--]-hn-i |
ibmt\m hm f \rYm]n hm |
bYvbm htk hnZzm |
\mm-cmax kZm ap\nx ||
CXyp-]-\ n-j v
Rm \njv{In-b\pw \nhn-Im-c\pw \njvI-f\pw \ncmIr-Xnbpw \nhn-I-ev]\pw \nXy\pw \ncm-ew-_-\pw \nZzb\pw khm--I\pw khm-Xo-X\pw AZz-b\pw tIh-emJ t_m[\pw kzm\-\pw kI-eXpw ImWp--h\pw
BWv. kzbw AZz-b-s\p a\-n-em-n kzm\p-`q-Xn-bn
\nhn-Iey kzcq-]-\m-bn-cn-p-p. \S-p L-nepw
Ccn-p-tmgpw \np-tmgpw InS-p-tmgpw GXp-hn-[nepw ap\n-bmb Bmhv C-b- \p-k- cnv Bm-cm-a-\mbn
]c-{_--kz-cq-]-\mbn hkn-p-am-dm-I-s.
Ipn-tIm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

Q
1

IrjvtWm-]-\n-jv

imn ]mTw
Hmw. `{Zw It`nx irWp-bm-a-tZhm `{Zw

]tiy-am--`nb-P{Xmx nssc-cwssKx
kvXpjvSp

421

I hmwk-kvX-\p-_ nhy-tia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx

5. Xmako ssZXy ]tjp ambm t{X[m

lypZm-lrXm
kzkvXn\ Ct{m-hr {ihmx kzkvXn \x ]pjm
hniz thZmx kzkvX n \ kvX mtym Acnjv S
AtPbm sshjvW-ho-ambm Pt]y\ N
t\anx kzkvXn t\m _rl kv]Xn Z[m-Xp.
kpXm ]pcm
Hmw. imnx imnx imnx.
6. tZhIo {_-]p{Xm km bm thssZ cp] KobtX
\nKtam hkp-tZthm tbm thZmw
Hmw. tZh-m-sc, R I--fm ip`w {ihnIrjvW cmatbmx
-s. Ip-I-fm ip`w ImW-s, kpZr-V
- -fmb AwK-fmepw ico-c-nepw \nsf kvXpXn-p-sIm-n-cn-m- 7. kvXphtX kXXw bkvXp tkm hXot
\n-S-h-c-s. tZh-m Rv \n-bn-n-p Bbpv
alo-Xte
A\p-`h
- n-m-\n-S-h-c-s. AXn-Ion-bp C{ R
ht\-hrm ht\ {IoU tKm] tKm]o
v \ sN-s. kh--\mb ]qjzmhv Rv \
kpsscx kl
sN-s. A{]-Xn-tcm-[K
- X
- n-bmb Kcp-U Rv \
8. tKmt]ym Kmh EN-kvXky bjvSnIm Ia-em-k\
sN-s. Hmw. imnx imnx imnx
hwi-kkvXp `K-hm cp{Zx irwK-ant{m k
1. lcn Hmw. {ioa-lm-hnjvWp kn-Zm-\ eWw
tKmkpcx
cma-N{w ZrjvSzm khmw-K-kp-cw ap\tbm h\- 9. tKmIpew h\-ssh-IpWvTw Xm]-km-kvX{X
hm-knt\m hnkvanXm _`qhpx Xw tlm Np t\m
X{XtX
Ah-Zy-a-h-Xm-cm ss\z KW-bt Benw-Kmtam `h{Zpam tem` t{Im[m-Ztbm ssZXym Ien-Im-e-kvXn-an-Xn. `hm-tc IrjvWm-h-Xmtc bqbw tKm]nIm
c-kvIrXmx
`qXzm amam-enw-K-Y. At\y tb Ah-Xm-cmkvtX ln
tZh-m-scmw `K-hms hmp tIv Gsd kptKm]m \ kv{Xo t\m Ipcp. At\ym-\y-hn-{Klw
[mcyw Xhmw-K -kv] k-\m-Znl iizXw kv] in- jvS-cm-bn. Ah At\ym\yw ]dp: "Ctm \mw IrXIr-Xy-cm-bn.'' XpSv Ah `K-hms Bm-\p-hnbnXm AkvamIw KrlvWotam Ah-Xm-cm hbw.
alm-hn-jvWphpw kn-Zm- \-- e-- W\pw khmwKkp-c-\p-amb cma-N-{s\ Iv h\-hm-knIfmb ap\n-am
hnkvan-Xc
- m-bn-op. Ah Fm-hcpw IqSn At-ltmSp ]dp: ""A-bpsS Bm-\p-k-cWw R
`qan- bn P-sa-Sp-m Xbm-dm-Wv. Fm Av R
v tKm]-m-cp-sSbpw tKm]n-If
- p-sSbpw Pw Xc-tW.
AhnsS A-bpsS kmn-[yhpw AwK-kw-kv]ihpw
e`np-hm-\p Ah-kcw e`n-p-sIm-n-cp-m AsXmcp
henb A\p-{K-la
- m-bn-cn-pXmWv.

2. cp{Zm-Zo\mw hNx {ipXzm t{]mhmN `K-hm kzbw

AwK-kwKw Icn-jyman `h-ZzmIyw Itcm-aylw
cp{Zm-Zn-I-fmb tZh-m-cpsS t{]aw \nd hmp-tIv
`K-hm ]dp: "\n-fpsS B{Klw \n-b-ambpw \ndth-dpw. a\p-jy-P--n \nv Fs AwK-kv]in\v Ah-kcw e`n-p--Xm-Wv.

3. tamZn-Xm-kvtX-kp-cm-kth IrX IrXym

[p\m hbw
tbm \x ]c-am-\tm btimZm apn tKln\o
4. ambm km{Xn hn[m t{]mm kXz cmP
kXm-ako
t{]mm N kmXzn Iocpt{Z `t {_Wn
cmPkn

I-fm-Im Ah-X-cn-p. apn btimZ-bpsS cq]-n P\np. kmXzn-In, cmP-kn, Xmakn Fn-s\ amb aqp-hn[-am-Wv. cp{Z-\n kmXzn-Io-am-bbpw {_m-hn cmP-knam- bbpw ssZXy-m-cn Xma-ko-am-bbpw tNp. Cu aqp
hn[-n-ep amb-bn \npw `n-amb sshjvWh
- a
- mbsb Pbn-pI hfsc {]bm-k-am-Wv. {_-a-bn-bmb
sshjvW-hn-am-bsb ]v {_m-hn\p t]mepw Pbn-m
Ign- n- . B ambsb tZh- m kv X pXn- p- p.
sshjvWh
- o-amb Xs-bmav tZh-In-bmbn P\n--Xv. thZ hkp-tZ-h-\mbn Ah-X-cn-p. thZ--fpsS A-`qX-amb {_w Xs-bmWv IrjvW\pw _e-cm-a-\p-ambn
P\n--X.v {ioIr-jvWs tKmfpw tKm]-tKm-]n-If
- p-amWv
thZ--fnse Ep-I. hSn-bmbn {_mhpw thWphmbn
Ip{Z\pw P\n-p. C{ irwK-am-bn-h
- X
- c
- n-p. C{]-Imcw
kmm sshIpWvTw Xs-bmWv tKmIp-ea
- mbn {]Xy-s--Xv. AhnsS Xm]-k- m-cmb alm-m- hr-fpsS cq]w [cn-p. tem`w t{Im[w XpS-nb hnIm-c-
ssZXy-m-cm-bn-op. Cu hnIm-c- Ien-Im-e-n
`K-hms \mtam-m-cW am{X-bn Xs \in-p-p.

10. tKm]-cqt]m lcnx kmmXv ambm hn{K-l[

- mcW Zpt_m[w IplIw Xky-am-bbm tamlnXw
PKXv
11. Zpbm km kpssc kssh[rjvSn cqt]m
`th-ZznZx cpt{Zm tb\ IrtXm hwikvX ky amb
PK-XvI Yw

422

I 12.

_ew m\w kpcmWmw ssh tXjmw

m\w lrXw WmXv tij-\mtKm `th-{Zmax
IrjvtWm {_ss-hi
- m-izXw
13. AjvSm-hjvS klt{k tZz iXm-[nIyx kv{XobkvXYm EtNm-]\
- n-j-ZkvXm ssh {_ cq]mx ENx
kv{Xobx
14. tZzj-m-Wq-ca
- -tmbw htcm apjvSntImx
Pbx
Zx Iph-e-bm-]otUm Kthm cx JtKm _Ix
15. Zbm km tcmlnWo amXm kXy-`mam [tcXn
ssh ALm-kptcm alm-hym[nx Ienx Iwkx k
`q]Xnx
16.-itam an{Xx kpZam N kXym {Iqtcm-thm Zax
bx iwJ kx kzbw hnjvWp evao cqt]m hyhnXmx
17. ZpKv[k
- v\o\v[u kap-Xv]m taL-tLm-jkvXp
kwkv a rXx ZpKv t m Z[nx IrX- k v t X\ `mImWvtUm Z[n-{Klx
18. {IoUtX _metIm `qXzm Z[n-{Klx ]qh-hXv
kpa-tlm-Z[u kwlm-cmw N i{XqWmw cWmb N kwnXx
19. Ir]mt kh-`q-Xm\mw tKm]vXmcm [
amPw bXv {kjv S p- a o- i z- t c- W m- k o N{Iw
{_-cq-] -[ r-Iv .

tKm]s cq]-n eoem-hn-{Kl cq]w [cn-n-cn-p-Xv. `K-hm lcn Xs-bm-Wv. Cu {]]w ambm-tamln-X-am-Wv. AXn-\m Cuiz-co-b-am-b-bpsS clkyw AdnbpI {]bm-k-am-Wv. Fs-m `K-hms amb tZhmp Xsbpw Adn-bm sRcp-w. BcpsS ambm-hnem-k-m {_m-hn\v hSn-bmbpw inh\v thWp-hmbpw
P\n-tn hp. B `K-hms amb-sb-{dn km[m-cW
P\- Fs\ Adn-bm-\mWv? tZh-m-cpsS m\_ew t]mepw {iol-cn-bpsS amb \njv{]-Za
- m-n. k\mX\ {_w {ioIr-jvW-s\bpw A\- _e-cm-a\
- mbpw
P\n-p. IrjvWs ]Xn-\m-dm-bn-c-sp ]Xv\n-am thZnse Ep-Ifpw D]-\n-j- p- I-fp-am-Ip-p. IqSmsX {_kz-cq-]n-Wn-I-fmb thZ-nse EpI tKm]n-Ia
- m-cmbn
P\n-p. NmWq-c-a- tZzjhpw apjvSn-I a-chpw Iphe-bm-]oUw Z-hp-am-Wv. BIm-i-Nm-cn-bmb _Im-kp-c
Kh-amWv; Zb Xs tcmloWo amXmhv; ]rYzo-am- Xm-hmWv
kXy-`m-a. alm-hym[n ALm-kp-c-\mbpw Iwk-\mbpw P\np. iaw kpZm-am-hn-sbpw kXyw A{Iq-c-sbpw Zaw Dh-cp-sSbpw `mhw tNp. iwJw hnjvWp Xs-bmWv
evanbpsS {`mXm-hm-b -Xp-sImv eva np Xpeyw
Xs-bm-W-Xv. {ioIr- jvW ]m, ssXcv XpSnbh \nd
IpS- DSv tKmIp-e- n hnl-cn-- tm. ]m-S-ens

eoe Xs-bm-WX
- v. oc-Z[n {]hm-la
- m-Ip ]m-Sen _me-cq-]
- n `K-hm IrjvW apn-e-stmse {IoUnp sImn-cn-p-p. k-\-]-cn-]m-e-\nepw ZpjvS-\n-{K-l-nepw Atlw kam\ `mh-tmSv
IqSn apgp-In-bn-cn-p-p. kI-e-tcbpw A\p-{K-ln-m\pw
[-kw-c--W-n-\p-amWv `K-hm IrjvW temIn Ah-Xm-c-sa-Sp--X.v ]c-a-in-h hnjvWp-hn-\p-thn
GsXmcp N{Iw \nn-pthm AXp-X-s-bmWv {ioIrjvWs Ic-I-a-e--fn ImW-s-Sp--X.v B N{Iw {_Xp-ey-am-Ip-p.

20. P b o k w`th m h mbp - - a tc m [

kwnXx bkym-k\ Pze\m `mkx JUvK-cqt]m
atl-izcx
21. Iip- t]m-e q-J - e m- J ymtXm cpam-X mZnXn
kvXYm N{I iwJw N kwknnx _np N kh
aq[\n
22. bmhn tZh-cq-]mWn hZn hn_p[mx P\mx
\an tZh cqt]`yx Gh-amZn \ kwibx
23. KZm N ImenIm kmmXv kh i{Xp
\n_lnWo
[\px imMw kzambm N icX Imex
kpt`m-P\x
24. A_vP ImWvUw PKXv _oPx-[rXm ]mWu
kzeo-ebm KcptUm hS-`m-WvUocx kpZmam \mctZm ap\nx
25. hrm `nx {Iob-_pnx kh Pp {]Imin\o Xkv a m- - ` nw \m`n- - a m- `n `ntm \
sshhn`px
26. `pam-hp-m-cnXw khw sshIpWvT kz-hmkn\mw kh-Xo ^ew e`tX b Gh thZ
tZl _m Zznap-NytX CXyp-]\
- n-jv lcn Hmw
XXv kXv.
hmbp `K-hm ssh Pbn ame-bpsS cq]hpw [w
Nma-c-cq-]hpw ssIsmp atl-iz-c DPz-ea
- mb JUvKns cq]hpw Iiy-] tKmIp-e- nse Dc-ens cq]hpw
kzoI-cn-p. kh h--fp-sSbpw apI-fn-embn A\pkzmcw Ae- m-c-a m-b n-cn- p- -X p-t ]mse kthm-] cn
tim`np BImiw `K-hms IqsS-bm-Wv. hmevaoIn
hymk XpS-nb aljn-am tZh-m-cpsS GtX-sXmw
cq]- -s fn hn- n- ptm kh {]mWn- I fpw
GsXmw cq]- n tZh-msc \a- kvI-cn-p-ptm As\-bp Fm tZh-mcpw {ioIr-jW
v s tKmIp-e-n
hkn-p-p. `K-hms KZ kmm Imfn kzcq-]a
- m-Wv.
AXv kIe i{Xp-s
- fbpw \in-n-p-hm Ign-hp-X
- mWv. imMw F [\p-ns cq]-nepw Ime Xsbm-Wv. AXn sXmSp _mW-ns cq]-nepw ImW-

423

I s-Sp-Xv {]]--ns _oP-cq-]-am-Ip Iaew `Khms ssII-fn keoew tim`n-p-p. ZWvUo-c-h-S-hr-ns cq]w Kcp-U\pw kr`m-am-ls cq]w \mc-Z\pw
kzoI-cn-p. kmm `n Xs-bmWv hr. _pn
Xs `K-hms {Inbm-i
- n. Cs\ tKm]-m tKm]nI XpS-n-b-h Fmw Xs {ioIr-jvW-\n \npw

A`n---fm-Ip-p. B `K-hm Xs-bmWv kz-nsebpw sshIp-WvT-n-sebpw Fm tZh-m-scbpw `qanbn Ah- X- cn- n--Xv. CXv icn- bmbn Adn- bp m\nv
kIe Xo- - fnepw kv\m\w sNbvXm- ep ^ew e`n- pw.
icoc _w hnv Ah\v apn-t\-Sm\pw km[n- p- .p
IrjvtWm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

Q
3
ssIht
eym]
\
nj
v
1
imn-]mTw
Hmw kl\m hhXp kl \u `p\p kl-hocyw
Ic-hm-hssl tXPkzn \mh-[o-X -akvXp am hnZznjm-hssl Hmw imnx imnx imnx
]c-{_w R cp-t]-tcbpw cn--s. AXv
\s cp-t]-tcbpw ]cn-]m-en--s. R cp-t]cpw
Hcp-anv Ign-hp-I t\S-s. \psS A[y-b\w tXtPm-a-bam-bn-cn--s. \mw ]c-k]
v cw hntZzjw ]pem-Xn-cn--s.
Hmw imnx imnx imnx

1.

Hmw AYm-izm-em-bt\m `K-hw

]c-t a-jvT n-\-ap-]-k-ta-tXym-hmN:
A[oln `K-h {_-hnZymw hcnjvTmw I
kZm kZv`nx tkhy-am\mw \nKqVmw I
bYm f NncmXv kh-]m]w hyt]mly I
]cmXv ]cw ]pcpjw bmXn hnZzm II

Bizm-em-b-\-a-ljn {_ hnZy Adn-b-W-sa-p

B{K- l-tm-Sp-IqSn kanXv ]mWn-bmbn {_m-hns\ kao]nv hn\-bt- mSp IqSn ]dp: `K-hm-s\, GXp amn IqSn-bmtWm alm-m- kZm k- cnp sImncn- p--Xv, GXp hn[- amtWm hnZzm- m ]qh-P-mPn- X- amb
]m]--fn \np tamNnv ]c-{_-s {]m]n-p-Xv
tKm]-\o-bhpw AXyw t{ijvT-hp-amb B {_-hnZy
Zbhp sNbvXv F\nv D]-tZ-inp Xc-Ww.

2. Xkvssa k tlmhmN ]nXm-alx:

{im-`n [ym\-tbm-Km-Z-sshln I

{_mhv Aizm-em-b-\-t\mSv ]dp; {i `n

[ym\w tbmKw Ch-sImv AXv t\Sp-hm {ian-p-I.

3. \ IWm \ {]Pbm [t\\ I

XymK-ss\tI Aar-X-Xz-am-\ipx I
]tcW \mIw \nlnXw Kplmbmw I
hn{`m-PtX bZy-Xtbm hnin II
[\w sImtm km-\- sImtm I-
sImtm B ]c-a-XXzw {Kln- m km[y-a-. XymKw am{XamWv AXn-\p amw. XymK-m-emWv {_- m-\n-I
]c-a-amb Aar-XXzw {]m]n-n-p--Xv. kz-n\pw D]-cnbmbn nXn sNp B {_-tem-I-{]m]vXn kwb-anIpw tbmKn-Ipw am{Xta e`n-q.

4. thZm hnm-\ -kp-\n-n-Xmmx

k\ym-k-tbm-Km-Zy-Xbx ip-kXzmx
tX {_-tem-tIjp ]cm--Imte
]cm-arXmx ]cn-ap-Nyn kth II
thZm-m-[ym-b-\-m ]c-a-amb hnm-\-amnv
{ih-W- a-\\ tbmKm-`ym- km-Zn-I-fm ]c-a-XXz {]m]vXn \nXyam-n. AxKcW ipn hcpn {_-tem-I-{]m-]vXnv
{]b-Xv\n- p tbmKn-Iv am{Xw Iev]m Imev AarX-Xz-{]m]vXn e`n-p-p.

5. hnhn tZti N kpJm-h-\x I

ipNnx ka-{Ko-h-iocx icocx I
Aym-{i-ax kI-te-{n-bmWn I
\ncpym `ym kzKpcpw {]Way

424

I 6.

lrXv ]p-coIw hncPw hnipv[w I

hnNny aty hniZw hntimIw I
ANn- y-a-hy--a-\--cq]w I
inhw {]im--a-arXw {_-tbm\nw II

7. Xam-Zn-a-[ym--hn-lo-\-taIw I
hn`pw hnZm-\-a
- -cq-]-a-Zv`pXw I
Dam-k-lmbw ]c-ta-izcw {]`pw I
{Xntem-N\w \oe-IWvTw {]imw I
[ymXzm ap\nK-Xn `qX-tbm\nw I
ka-kvXk
- mnw Xakx ]c-kvXmXv II

11. Bm-\-a-cWnw IrXzm I

{]mWhw tNm-cm-cnWnw I
m\-\n-Y-\m-`ym-kmXv I
]m]w ZlXn ]nXx II

]n- X AxIc- Ws Xmsg-bp Ac-Wn- bmn

{]W-hs D-cm-c-Wn-bmn cpw \nc-cw aY\w
sNp-p. XXv^-ea
- mb m\m-n-bn Fm ]m]-fpw
`kva-amn kwkm-c-_-- -ap--cm-Ip-p.

12. k Gh ambm-]-cn-tam-ln-Xmm I
ico-c-am-mb ItcmXn khw I
kv{Xy-]m-\mZn hnNn-{X-t`mssKx I
k\ym-km-{i-a-n-en-cpv kv\m\m-Zn-I-fm ico-c-ipn
k Gh Pm{KXv ]cn-Xr-]vXt- aXn II

hcpn GIm m\-n-cpv tbmKn-I Xe Igpv

icocw Fnh t\sc-bmn Fm C{n-b-fpw GIm-amn {i-tbmSp `n-tbmSpw Kpcp-hns\ ]qPnv \a-kvIcnv lrZ-b-n \npw ctPm-KpWw AIn ZpxJ timImZn-I shSnv hnip- - `n XXzw a\w sNp-p. Cs\
[ym\-m ap\n-am ANn-y\pw Ahy-\pw A\
kzcq-]nbpw Ieym-W-Im-cnbpw AZzn-Xo-b\pw kh-hym]nbpw Acq-]\pw hne--W-{]-im-m-ar-X-cq-]nbpw {_tbm-\nbpw BZn-a-[ym--lo-\\pw GI\pw hn`phpw NnZm-\\pw Acq-]\pw Ap-X\pw Dam-]-Xnbpw ]c-ta-iz-c\pw
{]`phpw {Xnt\-{X\pw \oe-I-WvT\pw {]im-\pw kh-Ncm-N-c -\ m-Y \pw kh-km- nbpw Ahn-Zym-X o-X-\ p-amb
{_s [ym\wsImp kmm-XvI-cn-p-p.

8. k {_m k inhx tk{x I

tkm f cx ]cax kzcmSv I
k Gh hnjvWpx k {]mWx I
k Imtem f nx k N{amx II
9. k Gh khw bZv `qXw I
b `hyw k\m X\w I
mXzm Xw arXyp-a-tXyXn I
\m\yx ]m-hn-ap-tb II
10. kh-`q-X--a m-m\w I
kh-`q-Xm\n Nm\n I
kw]-iy {_ ]caw I
bmXn \mt\y\ tlXp\m II
{_mhv, inh, C{, A-c-{_-w, {]mW,
An, Ime, `qXw, `hyw, k\m-X-\w, Fmw AXp-s-sbp a\-n-em-n- ac-Ws Pbn-m km[n-pp. AmsX tam- n\v thsd hgnbn- . kh`qXfnepw Bm-hn-s\bpw Bm-hns\ kh-`q-X-fnepw ImWp--h ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p-p.

Ah Xs- ambm-tam-ln-X- Bm-thmsS ico-c-amWv

Fm-sap [cnv Fm I-fpw sNp--p. Ah
Xs hnj-b-hm-k-\-Ifpw A-]m-\m-Zn-kp-J--sfbpw
A\p-`-hnv Pm{K-Z-h--bn kwXr-]vX-\m-Ip-p.

13. kz]vt\ k Pohx kpJ ZpxJ t`mm I

kam-b-bm-I-ev]n-X-Po-h-temtI I
kpjp-]vXn-Imte kIte hneot\ I
Xtam f `n`qXx kpJ-cq-]-taXn II
AtX a\p-jy kzam-bm-I-e]
v nX temIn imco-cnI-kp-JZpxJ-f\
- p-`h
- n-p-p. kpjp-]X
v n-bn ambm-{]-]-hn-c -X n-b n Xtam-K pW ]cm-Pn-X -\mbn kpJ-a -\ p-` hnp-p.

14. ]p\ Pm--c-I-tbm-KmXv I

k Gh Poh kz]nXn {]_px I
]pc-{Xtb PohXn b Pohx I
XkvXp PmXw kIew hnNn{Xw I
B[m-c-am-\--a-J--t_m[w I
bkvan ebw bmXn ]pc-{Xbw N II
]ns Pm-c I-tbm-K-m Ah kpjp-]X
v nbn \nv kz]v\w Pm{K-Z-h--I-fn-se-p-p. kqva-qe-Im-c-Wm-- Ia
- mb aqp ico-c--fnepw Poh B\-a-\p-`-hn-p-p. ambm-{]-]--ns Dhw AXn
\np-am-W.v {Xnhn-[-i-co-c- \in-p-tm Poh ambm{]-]
- -n \npw ap-\mbn AJ--amb B\w
A\p-`- hn- p-p.

15. GX-kvam--btX {]mtWm I

a\x kth-{n-bmWn N I
Jw hmbptPymXn cm]x I
]rYnho hniz-ky-[m-cn-Wo II

425

{]mW\pw a\pw Fm C-{n-b-fpw CXn \np

D-hn-p-p. AXn \npw krn--s-Sp ]rYznbmWv BIm-iw, hmbp, An, Pew Fn-h-bpw kh-Ncm-N-c--sfbpw [cn-p--Xv.

16. bXv]cw {_ khmm I

hniz-kym-b-X\w alXv I
kqvamXv kqva-Xcw \nXyw I
Xz-tah Xztah XXv II
GXp ]c-{_--amtWm Hcn-epw \in-m-Xv Bsc
kqvam-Xn-kq- va-b-{- pw ImWm-\m-Ipntbm.
GXv Fmn\pw B[m-c-am-tWm GXv kh-`q-X--fp-sSbpw
Bm-hm- tWm AXp Xs-bmWv \o, AXp Xs-bmWv \o.

17. Pm{KXv kz]v\-kp-jp-]vXyZn I

{]]w bXv {]Im-itX I
XZv {_m-l-anXn mXzm I
kh _ssx {]ap-NytX II
Pm{KXv kz]v\w kpjp]vXn Fo aqv Ah--Ifnepw Poh ImWp Cu ambm-a-b-{]-]w Rm Xsbm-sWpw {_-kz-cq]w Xs- bm-sWpw a\-n-em-ptm AXv kh hn[ _-\
- -fn \npw ap-amp-p.

18. {Xnjp [makp bZv t`mKyw I

t`mm t`mK bZv `thXv I
tXt`ym hne-Wx kmo I
Nnt{Xm f lw kZm-inhx
Rm Xs-bmWv aqv Ah--I-fnepw t`mK-t`m-Kyt`m-r-cq-]-n ImW-s-Sp-Xpw, kZm inh\pw ssNX\y-ap-\pw hne--W-km-n-cq-]\
- pw. khhpw P\nv
Pohnv acn-p {_-kz-cq]w Xs-bmWv.

19. ath kIew PmXw I

abn khw {]Xn-jvTnXw I
abn kh-ebw bmXn I
XZv {_Mvam-Zz-b-a-kvarlw II
Fmw Fn P\n-p. Fmw Fn {]Xn-jT
v n-X- ambn-cn-p-p. Fmw Ah-km\w Fn ]ebw {]m]n-pp. A-s\-bp AZzb {_-amWv Rm.

20. AtWm-cW
- o-bm-\-h-tah XZzXv I
alm-\-lw-hn-iz-alw hnNn{Xw I
]pcm-Xt\m f lw ]pcptjm f laotim I
lnc-tbm f lw inh-cq-]-akvan II
Rm AWp-hnepw AWp-hpw al-nepw al-p-

amWv. hnNn-{X-amb Cu {]]w Fs kzcq]w Xs.

Rm Xs- bmWv ]cm-mhpw hncmSv ]pcp-j-\pw.

21. A]m-Wn-]mtZm f la-Nn- y-inx I

]iymay f Npx k irtWm-Xy-Ix I
Alw hnPm-\man hnhn--cqt]m I
\ NmkvXn thm aa-NnXv kZmlw II
22. thssZ-c-t\-ssI-c-l-tah thtZym I
thZm--IrXv thZ-hn-tZh Nmlw I
\ ]pWy-]mt] aa \mkvXn \mtim I
\ P tZtl-{nb _pn ckvXn II
23. \ `qan-cmt]m \N hn-ckvXn I
\ Nm\ntem ta f kvXn \ Nmw_cw N I
Ghw hnZnXzm ]c-am--cq]w I
Kplm-ibw \njvI-f-a-Zzn-Xobw II
24. ka-kvXk
- mnw kZ-k-Zzn-lo\w I
{]bmXn ipw ]c-am--cq]w II
ssIIm-ep-I-fn-m-Xpw ANny inbpw Bb ]c{_w Rm Xs. Nnz-cq-]-\mb Fs Bpw Adnbm\pw a\-n-em-m-\p-am-hn-. _pn-Iq-SmsX kI-eX
- p-a-dnbm, qe-I--en-msX Fmw tIm, t\{X- anmsX khw ImWm F\nv Ign-hp-v. Rm Xs
thZw D]-tZ-in-p-p. Rm Xs thZw krn-p. khth-Z-fpw Fs kvXpXn-p-p. Rm P-\m-i-Xo- X-\m- W.v Fs ]m]-]p-Wy- kv]in- p-n-. Rm
ico-c-a-t\m-_p-n- I-Xo-X-\m-Wv. F\nv `qantbm Petam
Antbm hmbpthm BIm-itam Hp-an-. Cs\ ambmab {]]--- Xo-X- \mbn kh-km-n-bmbn AZzn-Xob-ambn Ic-N-c-W-c-ln-X-ambn _pn-bpsS tImWn-ep ]cam kzcq-]-a-dn-bp--h\v am{Xta ip-amb Fs ]c-am-kz- cq] kmm-XvImcw knn-p-Ib
- p-q.

25. bx iX-cq-{Zn-b-a-[otX kx An-]qtXm `h-Xn,

k hmbp-]qtXm `h-Xn, k B-]qtXm `h-Xn, k
kpcm- ] m-\ mXv ]qtXm `h-X n, k {_- l - X ymXv
]qtXm `h-Xn, k kph kvtXbmXv ]qtXm `hXn, k IrXym-Ir-XymXv ]qtXm `h-Xn, Xkvam-Z-hn-ap-am-{intXm `h-Xn, AXym-{iao khZm kIrZzm
Pt]Xv
bmsXm-cp-h iX-c p-{Znbw A[y-b\w sNp-tm
Ah An, hmbp, Pew, Bmhv Fn-h-sb-tmse
]cn-ip--\m-bn- o-cp-p. aZy-]m\ alm-]m-]
- n \nv
ap-\m-Ip-p, {_-l-Xym-]m-]-n \np kz-]-l-cW-]m-]-n \npw ap-\m-Ip-p, Ah Fm ip`mip-`-I--fn \npw ]cn-ip--\m-Ip-p. `K-hm kZmin-hs Ir]v ]m{X-am-Ip-p. AXp-sImv D-cn--s

426

I Poh A]-ca X]-kzn-I-sf-tmse Ftm-gptam Hcp {]mhiytam A[y-b\w sN-Ww.

26. At\\ m\-am-]vt\mXn I

kwkm-cmh \mi\w I

Xkvam-tZhw hnZn-ssXz\w I
ssIheyw ^e-a-iv\ptX II

AXp-s Imv am{Xta kwkm-c -km-K-cs XcWw

sNm km[n-p m\w t\Sm Ign- -bq. A-s\bp Adnhp e`n-m tam--^ew knn-p-p.
ssIh-teym-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

pcp-tIm-]-\n-jv

imn a{w
Hmw. kl-\m-h-h-Xp. kl\u `p\px kl
hocyw Ic-hm-hs
- sl. tXP-kzn-\mh [oX-a-kvXp. am
hnZzn-jm-hs
- sl. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
]c-{_w Kpcp-in-jy-m-cmb R cp-t]-scbpw
Hcp-anv cn--s. Hcp-anv R- PohnXw A\p-`-hn-s. Hcp-anv R apt-d-s. R-fpsS hnZybpw
_pnbpw tXtPm-ab
- -am-Is
- . R Hcm-sfbpw tZzjnm-\n-Sh
- c
- m-Xn-cn-s
- . Hmw. imnx imnx imnx

1. pcnImw kw{]-h
- yman [mcWmw
tbmK-kn-tb
bmw {]m]y \ ]p\P tbmK-ap-ky
\ Pmb-tX.

Xp-t]mse a\v _mtly-{n-b--fn \nv hymhnn-W

- w. AXn-\p-tijw kmh-[m-\-n ]{p am{X
tN {]W-h-m {_m- hn-\m \nt-in--s-n-p
hn[w \h-Zzm-c--sfbpw \nb-{nv {]mWm-bmaw sN-Ww.
amhnSw apJw \sv Igpv lrZbw Ch Db nXnbn-em-bn- cn-W
- w.

5. {]mWm kRvPm-c-tbXv Xkvan \mkm-`y-c

NmcnWx
`qXzm X{Xm-b-X-{]mWx iss\-cp-zmk
apm-tkXv
]ns aqn-\-Iv Nen-p {]mWs\ lrZ-bn [cn--Ww. Cs\ Ipw`Iw \nh-lnv kmh-[m\-n tcNIw sN-Ww.

6. nc-amb ZrVw IrXzm AwKp-jvtT\ kam-lnXx

tbmK-kn- n-mbn [mc-Wm-]q-c-amb qcn- Isb AXmtZz Kpt^ {]IphoX PwtL ssNh
bXv Insb Rm\n-hnsS hnh-cn-p-p. AXv a\-n-em{Xb-kv{Xbx
n-bm tbmK-ap--\m-bn-p--h\v ]p\Pw Dm-hp-I7. Pm\p\o XtYm-cq`ymw tZz\ KptZ\ inivt\\
bn-.

2. thZ-XX
- zm hnlnXw btYmw l
kzbw-`qhm
\nxi_vZw tZk-am-mb X{Xm-k-\-k-a-h- -nXx
3. Iqtm vKm\oh kwlrXy at\m lrZn
\ncp[y N
am{Xm ZzmZ-it- bm-tK\ {]W-th\ iss\x iss\x
4. ]qc-tbXv kh-am-m\w kh-Zzmcw \ncpy N
Dtcm-ap-J-I-Sn-{Kohw InnXv lrZ-b-ap--Xw.

\n-_vZ-amb \-n DNn-Xa

- mb B kn-encpv Ba ssI, Im, Xe-I Dn-tebvv hen-p--

{XX-b-kv{Xbx
hmtbm-cm-bX
- \w X{X \m`n-tZ-ti\ kam-{i-tbXv
C s \ C u A `y m k w nch p w Z r V - h p amno-Xn-\p-tijw hfsc {i-tbmsS Imense
s]cp-hn-c apX cp IW-m-en-tepw cv Imapnepw D]w ae- Zzmcw Chn-sSbpw aqp {]mWm- bmaw sNWw. ]ns hmbp-hns m\w \m`n-{]-tZ-i-am--Ww.

8. X{X-\-\mUo kpjpav\m Xp \mUn-`nZ-i`- n

hrXm
X{X-\-cm N ]oXm N IrjvWm Xm{am
hntem-lnXm

427

I AhnsS kpjpav\ F \mUn-bp-v. AXv ]e \mUnIfpw tN-Xm-W v. Ah-bn ]eXpw kqv a

- fpw
Npapw apw Idppw sNp-\n-d
- nepw apw DXm-W.v

9. AXn-kqvaw N Xo N ipm \mUo\

kam-{i-tbXv
X{X km-ct- bXv {]mW Du\m
`oh-X-p\m
Ch-bn Ghpw kqvahpw t\Xpw shfpXpw Bb-hsb B{i-bn--Ww. Fp-Imen Xs hebn-eqsS btYjvSw k-cn-p-X
- p-t]mse tbmKn Cu
\mUn-I-fn-eqsS {]mWs\ k-cn-n-W
- w.

10. XtXm-\c
- -tm-ev]m-`mk lrZ-bm-b-X\
- w-\a
- -lXv
Zlcw ]pWvU-coIw XXv\t- h-Zm-tjy\n-K- ZytX

16. kpjpav\ Xp ]tc eo\m hncPm {_-cq-]nWn

CUm XnjvTXn hmta\ ]nwKem Zn-tW\ Xp
17. Xtbmat[y ]cw m\w bkvXn thZ k
thZ-hnXv
Zzmk-]n kl-{kmWn {]Xn-\m-Uo-jvT\
tXXx Xnew
18. OnZytX [ym\-tbm-tK\ kpjp-avss\Im-\-On-ZytX
tbmK-\nae [mtcW ptc-Wme hNkm
19. Ot-m-Uo-iXw [ocx {]`-hm-Znl P\n
PmXn-]p-jv]-kam tbmKo\ bZm hiyXn ssXXew
20. Ghw ip`m-kp-ss``mhw km \mUoXmw
hn`m-h-tbXv
XZv`m-hnXm {]]-Zyt ]p\P--hn-hPnXmx

16. kpjpav\ ]c-XX

- z-n ebn--Xm-Wv. hnc-P{- _--amAXn-\p- tijw thZm--n Zl-c-]p-WU
v - coIsap Ip-p. CU CSp hi-n-cn-p-p. ]nwKf he-Xp-h-i]d-bp lrZ-b-ns Npa Xma-c
- q-hp-t]mse {]Im- m- W.v
in-p B m\-ap-t- m.
17. Cu cp \mUn-I-fp-sSbpw \Spv D Da m\w
11,12,13,14,15 XZv ZnXzm IWvT -a m-b mXn Xmw a\-n-em--Ww. AXv a\-n-em-n-b-h thZ--\m-Wv.
- n-c-m-bn-ca
- p-v. ssXXn-e\mUow ]qc-tb-ZnXn a\-kkvXp ]cw-Kplyw kpXo- \mUnIsfmw IqSn Fgp-]
sa-m-WX
- ns t]cv. 18, 19. [ym\-tbm-K
- m kI-e-\mWw _pn- \ new ]mZ-t kym- ] cn bma
Un-Ifpw tOZn-s
- -Sp-p. kpjpav\ am{Xw tOZn-m
X{Zq]w \ma Nn-tbXv at\m [mtcW Xnt-W\
km[y-a-. hoc-]p-cp-j\v Cu P-n Xs BmtbmK-am-{inXy \nXyix C{ h{P-anXn t{]mw
hns {]`m-h-m An- sb-tmse tXP- kzn- bmbpw tbmKaaPw Lm\p-I r- \w XXv [ym\-_-e -tbm-tK\
i-n- bm- Ip In-bm kI- e- \m-Un-I-sfbpw tOZn- m
[mc- W - ` n\ n- I r - - t bX v Duthma[y w Xp
Ign-hp--h-\mbpw Xocmw. ]n-I-q-hn-s\-tmse tbmKnv
kwm]y aa- { ]m- W - h n- t am-N \w NXp- c - ` yky
Ftmgpw ssXXnew ImWm Ignbpw 20. Cs\ ip`mtbmtK\ Ont-Z-\-`n-i-nXx XXx IWvTm-tc
ip-`-`m-h-tmsS kpjp-a\
v -\m-Unsb [ym\n--Ww. AXn
tbmKo kaqtl \mUn- k - W ytb GtIm- cw \na--\m-b-h\v ]p\Pan-. {_-{]m-]X
v n-bp-ap-m-Ipw.

\mUn-iXw Xmkmw at[y hcm kvarXm

11,12..... AXns\ t`Znv hmbp B \mUnsb \ndv

IWvT-n-se-p-p. AXn-\m tbmKnv _pn-]-c-ambn
\n-ehpw AXn XovWh
- p-amb a\-m-Ip In-sbSpp Imens apI-fn a[y- `m-Kv \ne-sIm-p \maw,
cq]w Ch apdnv If-b-Ww. A-s\-bp XovWa
- \
- n-\m \nXyhpw tbmKw A`y-kn--Ww.
13. ]noSv C{-h{Pw Fp t]cp- Xpw IW-m- enepXpamb m\s [ym\-tbm-K-n-sbpw [mc-W-bp-sSbpw
_e-m apdn--Ww.
14. ]ns cp XpS-I-fp-sSbpw \Spv {]mWs\ m]nv
AXns\ a-`m-K
- n sImm-W
- w. \mep-{]m-hiyw
tbmKm-`ymkw sNbvXv i-sbt\y a-`mKw apdn--Ww.
15. ]ns tbmKn IWvT-ns Dn \mUn-Isf GIoI-cn-p-p. AhnsS \qn-sbmv \mUn-I-fp-v.

21. Xtbm hnPnX NnkvXp \n_vZw

tZiam nXx
\nxkw-K
- z-kw-Kt- bm-Ktm \nc-t]x
iss\x iss\x
22. ]mim OnXzm bYm lwtkm \nhn-i
JapXv {ItaXv
On-]m-ik
- vX-Ym-Pohx kwkmcw XctX kZm
23. bYm \nhmW Imte Xp Zot]m ZKv[zm ebw
{]tPXv
XYm \khm-Wn-\I
- am-Wn\ tbmKo
ZKv[zm\ ebw {htPXv
24. {]mWm-bm-akp Xn-tW\ am{Xm [mcW
tbmK-hnXv
sshcm-tKym-]e
- -Lr-jvtS\ OnXzm Xpw
_[ytX

428

I 25. Aar-XX- zw\ kam-]vt\m-Xn-\-bZm ImamXv

{]ap-NytX
kth-jWm hn\nap--OnXzm Xw\vXpw
_[y-tX-C-Xyp-]-\n-jXv

\in-p-p. AXp-t]mse Imcy--sfmw \nh-lnp Ignbp-tm hyn-{_--n hnebw {]m]n-p-p.

24. {]mWm-bm-a-n XovW-am-bn-o Hmm-c-cq-]-amb

hmbve- bm sshcm- Ky- am-Ip In Dcv aq Iqnb
a\-n-\m

21. X]-n-\m bmsXm-cm Nns Pbn-p, Abm

i_vZ-c-ln-Xa
- mb GIm {]tZ-iv Ccpv \nw-K\
- mbn
tbmKw A`y-kn--Ww. ]Xp-s--Xps \nc-t]--\p-ambn-o-c-Ww.

kwkm-c-am- Ip kq{Xw apdnv tbmK- th-m-hmb a\pjy\v ]noSv _-\

- n s]Sm-\n-Sh
- c
- m Ah-bp-m-Ip-p.

22. lwkw Fs\ iMy-sbt\y BIm-i

- n ]d-pp, AXp-t]mse Cu A`ym-k-m Fm _-\-fpw
apdnv _-\a
- p--\mbn kwkmcw XcWw sNm\pw
km[n-pw.

25. Ftm Ah Ima-\-If

- n \nv ap-\m-Ip-p.
Gj-Wm-c-ln-X\
- m-Ip-p. Ftm Aar-XXzw {]m]n-pp. Cs\ kwkm-cs tOZnv Abm _-\c
- -lnX-\m-Ip-p. Ima-cl
- n-X-\-ambn `hn-p-p.

23. hnfp sIp Ign-bp-tm AXnse Fbpw In

pcn-tIm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

KW-]-Xyp-]-\n-jv

imn]mTw
Hmw. `{Zw It`nx irWpbmatZhm `{Zw
]iyam`ncyP{Xmx nssccwssKx kvX pjvSp
hmw kkv X \q`n hytia tZhlnXw bZmbpx
k zk v X n\ C t{ m h r {i h mx k zk v X n\ x
]qjmhnizthZmx kzkvX n\kvXmtym AcnjvS
t\anx kzkvX nt\m_rlkv]XnZ[mXp.
Hmw imnx imnx imnx
tZhmsc, R ImXpIfm ip`w {ihnpamdmIs. IpI sImv awKf Zins. _enjvTfmb
AwKfm \nsf kvXpXnm\nShcs. As\
tZhm Rv \nbnnpff Bbpp apgph\pw
R A\p`hns. Ionam\mb C{ Rv
awKfacpfs khPvR\mb ]qj Rfv awKfw
{]Zm\w sNs. A{]Xntcm[yKXnbmb KcpU Rv awKfw Xcs. _rlkv] Xn Rv \ssIhcps.
Hmw imnx imnx imnx

1. lcn Hmw \akv t X KW]Xmtb Xztah

{]Xyw Xzakn. Xztah tIhew Imkn.

Xztah tIhew [mkn. Xztah tIhew

lmkn. Xztah khw JeznZw {_mkn. Xzw
kmm Zmmkn. \nXyw EXw, hNvan, kXyw,
hNvan.
lcn Hmw `Khm KW]Xnv \akvImcw. ApX
sbmWv Imhpw [mhpw Imhpw ApXs
bmWv \nXy\pw B kzcq]\pw Rm EXw ]dbpp.

2. Ah Xzw amw, Ah hmcw Ah t{imXmcw.

AhZmXmcw, Ah[mXmcw, Ahm\pNm\ahin
jyw, Ah ]mmXv, Ah ]pckvXmXv, Ah
tNmcm\mXv , Ah ZnWmmXv Ah
tNm[zmmXv, Ahm[cmmXv, khtXm amw
]mln, ]mln kamXv.
Av Fs cnmepw hmhns\ cnmepw
t{imXmhns\ ZmXmhns\bpw [mXphns\bpw A\qNm\
s\bpw injys\bpw cnmepw ]na `mKp\npw
]qh`mKp\npw Dc `mKp\npw Fs
cnpI. apIfn \npw Xmsg\npw Fs cn
pI. Fm `mKp\npw Fs cnpI.

429

I 3.

Xzw hmMvabkvXzw Nnbx Xzam\abkvXzw

{_abx Xzw knZm\mZznXotbm f kn Xzw
{]Xyw {_mko. Xzw m\atbm hnm\
atbm fkn.

Av hmMvab\pw Nnb\pw B\ab\pw BWv.

Av {_abhpw knZm\kzcq]hpw GI\pw AZzn
Xob\pamWv. ApXsbmWv m\hnm\ab\pw
{]Xyamb {_hpw.

4. khw PKZnZw Xztm PmbtX khw

PKZnZw XzkvXnjvTXn. kw CKZnZw Xzbn
{]tXyXnx Xzw `qancmt]f\temf\ntem \`xXzyp
NXzmcn hmIv ]Zm\nx Xzw KpW{XbmXoXx Xzw
I me { X bmX oX x X zw tZ l {X bmX oX x X zw
aqe m [ mc nt X m fk n \ n X y w. X zw i n{XbmIx Xzx tbmKnt\m[ymbn \nXyw Xzw
{_m, Xzw hnjv W pkvX zw cp{ZkvX an{kv X a
nkvXzw hmbpkvXzw kqcykvXzw N{amkvXzw.
{_`q`qhkphtcmw.
Cu PKtmmw An \npmIpp. temI
samw An nXn sNpp. Cu temIw An
hnebw {]m]npp. kIetemIhpw ApXs Ap
]rYnbpw, Pehpw, Anbpw, hmbphpw, BImihpw
BWv. \mep hmIv]Zfpw AmWv. Av KpW{Xbm
XoX\mWv; Ime{XbmXoX\mWv; Ime{XbmXoX\mWv .
tZl{XbmXoX\mWv Fpw Av aqem[mcnX\mbn
`hnpp. Av in{XbmI\mWv.tbmKnI \nXyw
Asb [ym\npp. Av {_mhpw, hnjvWphpw,
cp{Z\pw, C{\pw, Anbpw, hmbphpw, kqcy\pw,
N{\pamWv. `px`phx kzx cq]nepff app temIhpw
Hmmckzcq]amb ]c{_hpw AmIpp.

5.

KWmZnw ]qh apmcy hmZnw XZ\cw

A\pkzmcNx ]cXc AtpeknXw XYm
XmtcWbptaXtZh a\pkzcq]w.

BZy "K' Fpcnv "A' FpcnWw. AXn\p

tijw A\pkzmcw DcnWw. C{]Imcw A\pkzmc
m AewIrXamb "Kw' XsbmWv AbpsS _oPa
{kzcq]w. Fsm AN{ cq]n Hmw Imcw
AhcpamWtm.

6. K I mc x ] q h c q] w A I mtc ma[ y ac q] w
A\pkzmcmycq]w _npcpccq]w. \mZx
km\w kwlnXm knx sskjm KtWio
hnZym KWI Ejnx \nNrZvKmb{XoOx {ioalm
KW]Xn tZhXm Hmw KwKW]Xmtb \a GI
Zmb hnZvatl h{IXpWvUmb [oaln. Xtm
Zo {]tNmZbmXv.

KImcw ]qhcq]hpw AImcw a[yacq]hpw A\p

kzmcw Aycq]hpw _np Dccq]hpamIpp. \mZw
km\hpw kwlnX knbpamIpp. CXmWv KtWi
hnZyp. CXns Ejn KWI\pw Ov \nNrZvKmb{Xnbpw
tZhX almKW]XnbpamWv. Hmw KW]Xmtb \a
GIZmb hnZvatl h{IXpWvUs\ R [ym\n
pp. KPm\\ \apv t{]cWbm \Is CXmWv
KtWi Kmb{Xn.

7.

8.

GIZw NXplkvXw ]miapi [mcnWw

A`bw hcZw lkvssX _n{ZmWw
aqjI [zPw
cw ewt_mZcw iqkpIw
chm kkw
cKm\pen]vXmwKwc]pjv ss]x
kp]qPnXw
`m\pIn\w tZhw PKXv ImcWaNypXw
Bhn`qXw N krjvSymZu {]IrtXx
]pcpjmXv]cw
Ghw [ymbXn tbm \nXyw k tbmKotbm
Kn\mw hc.

GIZ\pw, NXplkvX\p, ]mimpi[mcnbpw,

lkvXfn A`bhcap{Z [cnh\pw, ewt_mZc\pw,
ch\pw, aqjI [zPapdw t]mse henb sNhnbpffh\pw, cmw_c[mcnbpw, cN\w ]qinbh\pw,
c]pjv]fm AewIrX\pw, `m\pInbpw,
hnizn\v ImcW`qX\pw, \miclnX\pw krjvSns.
Bcw`n Xs Dmbh\pw {]IrXn]pcpjmXoX\pw
Bb {ioKtWis\ \nXyw Nnnp tbmKn khtbm
KnIfnepw shv t{ijvT\mbnocpp.

10. Xtam hmX]Xtb \tam KW]Xtb \tam

KW]Xtb \ax
{]Ya]Xtb \akvtXkvXp
ewt_m Zcm ssbIZmb hnLv\ hn\mint\
inhkpXmb {iohcZaqtb \tam \ax
hmX]Xnv \akvImcw KW]Xnv \akvI mcw
{]Ya ]Xnv \akvImcw. ewt_mZc\v \akvI mcw
GIZ v \ak v I mcw hcZaq nbmb KtWi\v
\akvImcw. inh]p{X\v \akvImcw. hcZaqnv
\akvImcw.

11. GXZYhintcm tbm [otX k {_`qbmb

I ev] tX .kk h h nL vs s\ . \ _m[ ytX
kkhXx kpJta[tX k]alm ]mXtIm]
]mXImXv {]apNytX. kmba[obmt\m cm{Xn
IrXw ]m]w \miXn. kmbw {]mXx {]bpRvPmt\,
A]mt]m `hXn. [m Imatamw N hnXn.

430

AYh incmWnXv. CXv A[ymb\w sNph

{_ {]m]vXnv A[nImcnbmIpp.Ah\v bmsXmcp
hn[ambn hnLv\hpw _m[Ia. Ah kh{X kpJn
bmIpp. ]alm]mXIfn \npw D]]mXI
fn \npw Ah ap\mIpp. sshInv CXv A[yb
\w sNbvXm ]Ies ]m]w Xocpw. {]`mXn
sNmnbm cm{Xn sNbvX ]m]w \inpw {]`mXnepw
kypw P]nm ]m] clnX\mIpw CXp sNmp
hp [mImatam \mepw e`npp.

12. CZ aYhiojainjymb \ tZbw tbm bZn

tamlmXv ZmkyXn kx]m]obm `hXnx
injy\mh\v Cu AYhintcm a{w Zm\w
sNcpXv. Da injyt\ sImSpmhq. tamlmthi
m As\ sNph ]m]nbmbnocpp.

13. kl{kmh\mZyw bw Imaa[otX Xw

Xat\\ km[tbXv At\\ KW]Xna`njnXn
k hmo `hXn, NXpyma\iv\ P]Xn k
hnZymhm `hXn. CXyYyma\iv\ P]Xn
k h n Z y mh m `h X n. C X y Y h W h mI y w
{_mZym NcWw hnZymXv. \ _nt`Xn IZmNt\.
tbmZqhmpsscbPXn kssh{ihtWm]tam
`hXn. tbmemssPbPXn k btimhm `hXn.
kta[mhm `hXn. tbm tamZI kl t{kW
bP X n k hm nX X ^ e h mh m] v t \ mX n bx
kmPykanZ v ` nbPXn kkhwe`tX. khw

e`tX AjvT \ {_mW karKv{KmlbnXzm

kqcyhkzn `hXn kqcy{KtlW alm\Zymw
{]Xnam kn[u hm P]vXzmknat{ `hXnx
almtZmjXv {]apNytX. khhnZv`hXn. kk
hhnZv `hXn. bGhwthtZXy]\njXv. lcn Hmw
XXv kXv.

Bbncw Dcp Cu a{w P]np ]w kIe

B{Klfpw km[npp. Cu a{m KW]Xnv
A`ntjIw sNbvXm Ah hmnbmIpw, NXpo
Z nh k w D ]k h k n v C u a { w P ] n p h
]WvUnX\mIpsav AYhWap\n ]dbpp. Cu a{w
P]nv X]v sNbvXm Ah\v `bapmIn. IdpI
sImv CXp]tbmKnv KW]Xnv bw sNph
Ipt_cs\mw [\hm\mIpw emsImv bmKw
sNbvXm bikznbmIpw. Bbncw tamZIw sImv tlmaw
\Snbm B{Kln Imcyw km[npw. s\pw
NaXbpw sImmbm kIeknnbpw DmIpw Fp
{_mWsc Cu a{w bYmh[n ]Tnnm Ah
kqcyXpeyw tXPkznbmcpw. kqcy{KlW Ln
GsXnepw alm\ZnbpsStbm, hn{Klnstbm
ASpncpv Cu a{w P]nm a{knn ssIh
cpp. C s\ A \pj v T n p km[I F m
hnLv \ fn \npw hnap \mIpp. C s\
Adnbph khPvR\mIpp. Cs\ D]\njv.
KW]tXym]\njv kam]np.

Q
1

Kcp-tUm-]-\n-jv

imn- ] mTw
Hmw. `{Zw It`nx irW-bma tZhm `{Zw-]tiy- a m- - ` ncy P{Xmx nssc- c w- s sKkv X p
jvSphmwk kvX\q-`nhy-tia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx
kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \x ]qjm
hniz-thZmx kzkvXn-\k
- vXmtym Acn-jvS-t\anx
kzkvXnt\m _rl-kv]-XnZ [mXp. Hmw. imnx
imnx imnx
tZh-m-sc, R ImXp-IsImv ip`w tIp-

am-dm-I-tW. Ip-I sImv awK-fa

- m-b-Xp-Im-Wp-hm-\n-Sh-c-tW. _en-jvT--fmb AwK- sImv \nsf
kvXpXnp sImv tZh-m Rv \n-bn-n-p
Bbpv A\p-`-hn-m-\n-S-bm-ItW. AXn-Ion-am-\mb
C{ Rv \ sN-tW. kh--\mb ]pjmhv
Rv \ sN- t W. kh- -\ mb ]pjmhv
Rv \ sN- t W. kh- -\ mb ]pjmhv
Rv awK-f-a-cp-ft- W. A{]-Xn-tcm-[-K-Xn-bmb Kcp-U
Rv awKfw {]Zm\w sN-tW. Hmw. imnx imnx
imnx

431

1. lcn Hmw. Kcp-U-{_ hnZymw {]h-ym-an. bmw|

{_m hnZymw \mc-Zmb t{]mhm-N. \mctZm |
_rl-Zvtk-\mb _rlZv tk\x C{mb Ct{m
`c-Zzm-Pmb `c-ZzmtPm Poh-XvIm-ta`yx intjy `yx
{]mb-Xv!! Akymw {io alm-K-cpU {_-hn
Zymbmx {_m Ejnx Kmb{Xo O {io`-K-hm |
alm-K-cptUm tZh-Xm. {io alm-K-cpU
{]nXyt |
aa kIe hnj-hn-\m-i-\mt Pt] hn\n-tbmKx
Hmw \tam `K-htX AwKp-jvTm`ymw \ax |
{io alm Kcp-Umb X-\o`ymw kzmlw
]o-{mb |
a[y-amw`ymw hjvSv, {io hnjvWp h-`mb
A\man Im`ymw |
lpw, ss{Xtem-Iy-]-cn-]q-Pn-Xmb I\n-jvTn-Im`ymw|
hujvSv. D{K-`b
- -c
- -Im-em-\e
- -cq-]mb Ic-Xe
- -Ic |
]rjvTm-`ymw-^-Sv. Ghw lrZ-bm-Zn-\ymkx |
Zp`p-hk
- ztcm anXn ZnKv_x
lcn Hmw. Kcp-Us\ kw_-n-p {_ hnZy
]d-bmw. Cu hnZy {_mhv \mc-Z-\pw, \mc-Z _rlXv
tk\-\pw, _rlXv tk\ C{-\pw, C{ `c-Zzm-P\
- pw,
`c-Zzm-P Poh-XvIm-am-injympw D]-tZ-inp sImSpp. Cu alm-Kc
- pU {_ hnZy-bpsS Ejn {_mhpw
Ov Kmb-{Xn-bp-am-Ip-p. tZhX {io`-K-hm alm-Kc
- pU, Kcp-Us\ {]oXn-p--Xn\v Fs kIe hn[ hni\m-i-n-\mbpw P]n-m\pw hn\n-tbm-Kn-p-p.
Xmsg Fgp-Xn-bn-p a{- sImp AwK-\ymk\w sN-Ww.

Hmw \tam `K-htX ........ AwKp-jvTmb \ax

{ioa-lm-K-cp-Umb ............. XP-\o`ymw kzmlm.
]o{m ............ a[y-am`ymw hj-Sv.
{iohn-jvWp-h-`- mb ....... A\m-an-Im-`ymw-lpw.
ss{Xtem-Iy-]-cn-]q-Pn-Xmb .... I\n-jvTn-Im`ymw
huj-Sv.
D{K-`b
- -c Imem-\e cq]mbx .......... Ic-Xe Ic]r-jvTm`ymw ^Sv
CtX {]Imcw lrZbw incv inJ IhNw t\{Xw
Fn-h-bm \ymkw sNbvXv hujSv sN-Ww. `q`q-hkztcmw sImv ZnKv_
- -\hpw sN-Ww.

[ym\w
1. kzkvXntIm ZnWw ]mZw hma ]mZw Xp
IpnXw |
{]mRvP-eo-Ir-Xt- Zmbpw KcpUw lcn h`w

2. A\tm hma IStIm b-kq{Xw Xp

hmkpInx |
XIx ISn-kq{X Xp lmcx ImtmS DNytX
3. ]Zvtam ZnW It Xp alm-]-ZkvXp
hmatI |
iwJx incx {]tZ-iXp Kpfn-IkvXp `pPm-tc
4. {]uU-Im-fn-I\
- m-Km`ymw Nma-cm`yw kpho-PnXw|
Gem-]p-XvI\
- m-KmssZyx tkhy am\w apZm-\znXw
5. I]n-emw Kpcp-w kph kZri {]`w |
ZoL-_mlpw _rlXv kvIw \m`m-cW
`qjnXw
6. BPm-\pXx kphm-`-am-IWvtTm kvXpln\x
{]Zw |
Ipp-am-cpW amIWvTw iX-N-{-\n-`m-\\w
7. \oem-{K-\m-knIm ]{w kap-l
- mcp
IpWvUew |
ZwjvS m-Ic
- m-f-h-Z\w Inco-Sa
- -Ip-tSm-zew
8. Ipp-am-cpW khmwKw It-p-[h
- f
- m-\w |
hnjvWp-hm-l\ akvXp`yw taw Ipcp kZm-aa

apI-fn sImSp [ym\-tm-I- Kcp-Us\ [ym\np-sImv {i-tbmsS sNmt--Xm-W.v

9. Ghw [ymtbXv {Xnk-ymkp KcpUw

\mK-`q-jWw |
hnjw \mi-btX io{Lw Xpe-cm-in-an-hm-\ex
Cs\ aqp kyIfnepw KW `qj-W-\mb KcpUs\ [ym\n-p-I. An-]-n-s-n-s\-sb t]mse
AXv kh hnj--tfbpw ian-n-pw.

a{w
Hmw \tam `KhtX {ioa-lm-Kc
- p-Umb ]o{mb hnjvWp-h
- -`mb ss{Xtem-Iy-]-cn-]q-Pn-Xmb
D{K - ` - b - c I me m- \ - e - c q- ] mb h {P - \ - J mb
h{PXpWvUmb, h{P-Z
- m-b, h{P-Zw-jv{Sm-b, h{P]p- m- b , h{P- ] - m- e - n- X - i - c o- c mb Hmao- t Itlyln {ioa lmK-cpUm {]Xn-im-k\
- m-kvan-m-hni. hni-Zp-jvSm\mw hnjw Zqjb Zqjb kv]rjvSm\mw. \mib \mi-b, Z iq Imw hnjw Xmcb
Xmc-b. {]eo\w hnjw {]Wm-i-b, {]Wm-ib
- , khhnjw \mi-bm, \mi-bm, l\, l\, Zl Zl, ]N
]N `kvao-Ipcp `kvao-Ip-cp, lpw ^Sv, kzmlm. N{a-WvU-ek
- m-MI
- m-i, kqcy-a-WvUe apjvSnI ]rYzo
aWv Ue ip{`mwK {ioa-lm-K-c p-Umb hnjw lc
lc lpw ^Sv kzmlm, Hmw n]-kzmlm Hmw. kNcXn kN-cXn XXvImcn aXvImcn hnjmWmw {]hnj-cq-]nWn hnj-Zq-jnWn hnjtimjnWn, hnj-\m-

432

I in-\n, hnj-lm-cn-Wn, lXw hnjw \j-ASw hnjax {]eo\w hnjw {]\jvTw hnjw lXw tX
{_Wm hnjw lX-an-{ky ht{ZW kzmlm.
Hmw \tam `K-htX alm-K -cp-Um-b. hnjvW phm-l\
- mb ss{XtemIy ]cn-]q-Pn-Xm-b, h{P-\J
- h
- {P-Xp-WvUmb h{P-]
- m-ew-IrX ico-cmb Gtjyln, alm-K-cp-U-hnjw Onn, nn, Bth-i-bmth-ib lpw ^Sv kzmlm. kp]tmkn Kcp-Um {Xnhrt intcm- K m- b{Xw Np-k vt Xma
Bm kmatX X\q hma-tZhyw _rl-{Z-Ym-tc
]u bm-b-nbw ]pw, Omw-kym-Km-\n,
[mjvWnbm i^m bPpwjn \ma; kp]tm kn
Kcp-mZn-hw, K-kphx ]X Hmaow, {_ hnZyma-am-hm-kybmw ]uW-am-kym. ]ptcm-hm-N. kN-cXn
kN-cXn XXvImco aXvImco hnj-\m-in-\o, hnj-Zqjn-Wo, hnj-lm-cn-Wo, lXw hnjw \jvSw hnjw
{]\jvSw hnjw lX-an-{ky ht{P-W hnjw lXw
tX {_Wm hnj-an-{ky ht{PW kzmlm.
XX-kv{Xbw bZy-\ IZq-tXm kn
bZn-hm\ Ix |
kzbw kN-cXn kN-cXn XXv Imco-a-XvImco |
hnj-\m-in\n hnj-Zq-jnWo lXw hnjw \jvSw |
hnjw lX-an-{ky ht{PW hnjw lXw tX |
{_Wm hnj-an-{ky ht{PW kzml
bZn hmkpIn ZqtXm kn bZn hm hmkpIx
kzbw |
kN-cXn kN-cXn XXvImco aXvImco
hnj-\m-in\n |
hnj-Zq-jnWo lXw hnjw \jvSw hnjw lX
am{ky |
ht{PW hnjw lXw tX {_Wm hnj-an-{ky
ht{PW kzmlm bZn hm XIx kzbw
kN-cXn |
kN-cXn XXvImco aXvImco hnj-\m-in\o hnj
ZqjnWn lXw hnjw \jvSw hnjw
lX-an-{ky |
ht{PW hnjw lXw {_Wm hnj-an-{Zky
ht{PW kzmlm.
bZn ]ZvaI `qtXmkn bZn hm ]ZvaIx kzbw |
kN-cXn kN-cXn XXvImco aXvImco
hnj-\m-in\o |
hnj-`q-jnWo lXw hnjw \jvSw hnjw |
lX-an-{ky ht{PW hnjw lXw tX
{_Wm |
hnjan-{ky ht{PW kzmlm.

bZn-Itm-S-I-ZptXm kn bZn hm
Itm-S-Ix-kzbw
kN-cXn kN-cXn Xmco aXvImco hnj-\m-in\n
hnj-ZqWo lXw hnjw \jvSw hnjw
lX-an-{ky
hPvtdW hnjw lXw tX {_Wm hnj-an-{ky
hPvtdW kzmlm.
bZn alm ]ZvaI `qtXm kn bZn hm
alm-]-ZvaIx kzbw |
k NcXn kN-cXn XXvImco aXvImco
hnj-\m-in\o |
hnj-Zq-jnWn lXw hnjw \jvSw hnjw |
lX-an-{ky ht{PW hnjw lXw tX
{_Wm |
hnj an{ky ht{PW kzmlm.
bZn iwJ-IZ- q-tXmkn bZn hm iwJIx kzbw
k NcXn kN-cXn XXvImco aXvImco
hnj-\m-in\o |
hnj-`q-jnWo lXw hnjw \jvSw hnjw
lX-an-{ky ht{PW hnjw lXw tX
{_W hnj an{ky ht{PW kzmlm.
bZn KpfnI ZqtXmkn bZn hm KpfnIx kzbw |
kN-cXn kN-cXn XXvImco aXvImco
hnj \min\o |
hnj-`q-jnWn hnj-lm-cnWo lXw hnjw \jvSw
hnjw lX-an-{ky ht{PW hnjw lXw tX |
{_Wm hnj-an-{ky ht{PW kzmlm.
bZn ]uWv{U Imen-IZ- qtXmkn bZn hm
]uWv {U |
ImenIx kzbw kN-cXn k NcXn XXvImco
aXvImco hnj-\m-in\o hnj-`q-jnWn hnj
lmcnWo lXw |
hnjw \jvSw hnjw lX-an-{ky ht{PW hnjw|
lXw tX {_lvWm hnj an{ky ht{PW
kzmlm.
bZn \mKI ZqtXmkn bZn hm \mKIx kzbw |
kN-cXn kN-cXn XXvImcn aXvImcn hnj |
\min\o hnj-Zq-jnWo hnj-lm-cnWo lXw
hnjw |
\jvSw hnjw lX-an-{ky ht{PW hnjw lXw|
tX {_Wm hnj-an-{ky ht{PW kzmlm.
bZn eqXm\mw {]eq-Xm\mw bZn hrn-Im\mw bZn|

433

tLmS\m I\mw bZn mhc PwK-am\mw

kN-cXn |
kN-cXn XXvImcn aXvImco hnj-\m-in\o hnj
ZqjnWo lXw hnjw \jvSw ]nw |
lX-an-{-ky- h-t{PW hnjw lXw tX
{_Wm |
lX-an-{tky ht{ZW kzmlm.
A\ hmkpIn XI Imtm-SI ]ZvaI
alm-]-Zva-I |
iwJI KpfnI ]uWv{U-Im-enI \mKI
CtXjmw |
Znhym\mw alm-\m-Km\mw alm-\m-KmZn cq]mWmw|
hnjXp-WvUm\mw hnj-Z-m\mw hnj
Zwjv{Sm-Wmw. hnjmw-Km\mw hnj-]p-m\mw hnizNm-cmWmw |
hrn-Im\mw eqXm\mw aqjn-Im-\mw |
apjp-ImWmw Krl Kufn-Im\mw Krl-KuWn
Im\mw Krl-tlm-[n-Im\mw {LW-km\mw |
Krl-Kn-cn-K-K-K-lz-c-Im-em-\e hevao-tImZv
`qXm\mw |
]m\mw ImjvS-Zmcp hr-tIm-Sm-c
m\w
aqe-XvKvZmcp \ncym-k-]{X ]pjv]-^t- emZv `qXm\mw
ZpjvS IoS I]n-izm\ amZ-Pm-c-Ppw-_pI hym{L
hcm-l mWmw Pcmbp PmWvU x PmZv` n tkzZPm\mw ikv{X-_mW kvt^mS-{hW alm-{h-W-XrXm\mw Ir{Xn-am-W-am-at\yjmw `qX-th-Xmf IpivamWvU-] n-imN t{]X cmk b `b {]Zm\mw
hnj-X pWvU ZwjvSmWmw hnjmw-Km\mw hnj-] p-

m\mw hnjmWmw hnj- c q-] nWo hnj- Z q-j nWn

hnjtimjnWo hnj-\m-in\o hnj-lm-cnWo lXw
hnjw \jvSw hnjw Ax-{]-eo\w hnjw {]\jvSw
hnjw lXw tX {_Wm hnj-an-{ky ht{PW
kzmlm.

Fm {]Im-c-n-ep hnj-_m-[bpw AI-m-\p-XIp a{-amWv apI-fn sImSp-n-p--Xv. `n-tbmsS

CXp P]nv sh-tamXn Hgp-p-Itbm `kvaw P]nv AXv
]pc-p-Itbm sNmw. efn-X-am-I-bm a{--fpsS Aw
{]tXyIw Fgp-Xp-n-.

b Camw {_ hnZym-a-amhm kzmbmw ]tS-rWp|

bmZzm bmh-ohw \ lnwkn km.
AjvSu |
{_m-Wm {KbnXzm XrtW\ tamN-tb-Xv. |
iXw {_m-Wm {Kl-bnXzm Npjm
tamN-tb-Xv. |
kl{kw {_m-Wm {Kml-bnXzm a\km |
tamN-tbXv km Pte \ ap-n XrtW \
apn |
Imtj-T\ apo XymK `K-hm {_tXyp
]\n-j-Xv. lcn Hmw XXv kXv.
Cu {_ hnZysb Aam-hmkn Znhkw A[y-b\w
sNp-h
- s\ PohnXw apgp-h\pw kw ISn-p-Ib
- n-.
Fp {_m-Wv D]-tZ-in-m XrWw sImpw \qdp
{_m-Wsc ]Tn-n-m Ip-I sImpw Bbncw
{_m-Wsc ]Tn-n-m a\-p-sImpw hnj-_m-[b
- -Iphm km[n-pw.
Kcp-tUm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

Q
1

Kt`m-]-\n-jv

Hmw. k l\ mh hX p. k l \u `p\ p .
klhocyw Ichmhl. tXPkzn\mh[oXakvX p
am hnZznjmhssl. Hmw. imnx imnx imnx
]c{_w Rsf cpt]scbpw cns. AXv
R cpt]scbpw ]cn]mens. R cpt]cpw
IgnhpI t\Ss. RfpsS A[yb\w tXPkznbmIs.
Hmw imnx imnx imnx

Hmw. ] m I w ] h am\ w
jUm{ibw jUvK pW tbmKbpw. tX k]vX
[mXpw {Xnanew Zzntbm\nw NXp hn[mlmcabw
i c oc w `h X n. ] m I k anX n. I k vamX v
]rYnhoIm B]xInw tXPx tIm hmbpxInam
ImianXy kvan ]mtI icotc X{X bXv
ITn\w km ]rYnho b{Zhw Xmx B]x b ZqjvWw

434

I XtPx bXv kcXn k hmbpx bXv kpjnX

XZmImiw CXypNytX. A{X]rYnho [mctW
B]x ]nWvU oIctW tXPx {]Imit\ hmbp
hyqtl\ BImiahImi {]Zmt\. ]rYKv t{im{X
i_vt Zm ]e_v[u XzIvkv]ti Npjo cqt]
Polzm ckt\ \mknIm {LmtW D] B\
t\ A]m\x DtK _p[ym _p[yXn a\km
k e v ] bX n h m N m h Z X n. j U m {i b anX n
Ikva mXv a[pcm ehWXnISp Ijmb ckm
hnXoXn. jUvP Ej` Kmmc a[yw ]a
s s [ h X \ nj mZ m t X oj v Sm \ nj vS i Z z
kwmx {]Wn[m\m Zpihn[ `hn.
Cu icocw ]mIamIpp. Apw hmam\fpw BdmatXv B{ibphpamWv. Bdp
KpW Ggp [mXp aqp tZmj cp tbm\nI Ch tN icocw \mep Xcnepff BImcfm
]cn]pjvSamIpp. ]rYnhn, Pew, hmbp, BImiw,
tXP, Ch tNcpXn\m ]mIsap ]dbpp.
Chbn ITn\XXzamWv ]rYnhn; XcfXXzw Pew, DjvWambXv, tXPv, kcnpXv hmbp, kpjncamXv
BImiw, Cu XXzfpsS kz`mhw ]dbmw. [cnpI
FXmWv ]rYnhnbpsS XXzw, HcnSmpIbmWv Pew
sNpXv; {]Imiw \Ip tXPns [w;
]Zmsf AXmXp \nebn DdnpI, hmbphns
[w; CS\IpI BImins [hpw C{nbsf kw_nmsWn sNhn i_vZw {Klnpp;
sXmen i_vZw A\p`qXampp; Iv ImWnpXcpp,
\mv kzmZdnbnp, aqv aWw \Ipp. KpZw
hnk\Iw sNpp. hmKn{nbw kw`mjWw
\Spp. a\v Nnnpp. _pn m\w {]Zm\w
sNpp.
a[pcw, Ibv ] v , F cnhv , ] pfn, Dv , C s\
Bdpck tZlw D]tbmKsSppp. jUvP w,
Ej`w, Kmmcw, a[yaw, ss[hXw, \njmZw, Cs\
Ggp kzc, CjvShpw, A\njvShpw {]Wn[mImchpw
tafnv i_vZ BIjIamIpp.

2. iptm cx IrjvtWm {Zqam {]oXx I]ne

]mmc CXn k] v X [mXpI anX n Ik v a mXv
bZ mtZ h Z k y {Z h y mZ n] n j bm P mbtX
]ckv]cw kuay KpWXzmXv jUznt[m ctkm
ckmtOWnX timWnXmmkw amwktt`m
taZ k x k v\ mb h x k v\ mb p t`y m A o\ n
A t`yma m a mXx i p{Iw i p{Itim
W nX k wtbmK m Z mh tX K t`m l r Z n
hyhmw \bXn lrZtbcmn Anm t\
]nw ]nmt\ hmbp hmbptXm lrZbw
{]mPm]XymXv {IamXv

Ggp \ndfpv . shfpv, Npav, Idpv, a,

I]new, ]mpcw, {[qaw tZhZ Fp t]cpff
Hcph\v t`mKyhnjb e`npp. Ah\v Bdp
ck B k z Z n m k m [ n p p . h nh n[
]Zmfm ckw DqXamIpp. ckn \nv
cw, cn \nv amwkw, amwkn \nv taZv,
taZn \nv kv\mbp, kv \mbphn \nv An,
Anbn \nv a, abn \nv ipw Ch
DmIpp. a\pjytZlw Cu Ggv [mXpfm
cq]wsImffpp. ]pcpjs iphpw kv { XobpsS
timWnXhpw tNv K`apmIpp. Cu [mXp
sfmw lrZbfmWv. Ah Xs Acmn
\nnpp. AnbpsS m\v ]nw \nesImffp
p. ]nns m\v hmbp, hmbphn\m lrZbw
{]hnsSpp.

3. EXpImte kw{]tbmKm tZIcmt{XmjnXw

_pZv_pZw `hXn A amkm`ytc ]ntm
`hXn amkm`ytc ITnt\m `hXn am\Zztb\
incx kZytX amk{XtbW ]mZ{]tZtim `hXn
AY NXpt am tk Kpev^ PTc ISn {]tZimx
`hn ]taamtk ]rjvThwtim `hn jjvtT
amtk apJ\mknImn t{im{XmWn `hn
AjvSta amtk kheW kqtm `hXn
]nXqtctXmXntcImXv ]pcptjm amXq tctXmXn
iImXv kv{ Xo D`tbm_oP XpeyXzm]pwk
tIm `hXn hymIpenXa\tkm AmJRv P m
I p _ v P m h ma\ m `h n A t\ y m\ y h mbp
]cn]oUnX ip{I ssZzj[ym\p kymtXm
bpm {]Pmbt ]mIx kax ka
]mnIm tNXkm _pnKckmZnm
\mcmtaImcwNnbXo XnXtZXtZIm cw
mXzmjvSu {]rXm tjmUi hnImcm icotc
Xsskyh tZln\m AYam{XminX ]oX\mUokq{XKtX\ {]mW B]ymbtX AY \hta amkn
kheWm\IcW kw]qtm `hXn
]qhPmXn kvacXn ip`m ip`w N I hnZn
EXp kabv DNnXamb coXnbn K`[m\w
\Sm ip timWnX Hcp cm{Xn sImv
IeeamIpp. Ggp cm{Xn sImv _pZv_pZamIpp.
]Xn\p Znhkw sImv ]nImcamIpw. Hcp amkw
XnIbptm ITn\ambnocpw cpamkw sImv
Xebpw aqpamkw sImv Imepw DmIpw. \men
appI hbdv Ac ChbpmIpp. An ]pjvTw
\sv, Bdn hmbv aqv , sNhn, IpI Ch Ggmw
amkn Pohkv]\tmsS ]pjvSnsSpp. Fn
]cn]q icocw cq]wsImffpp. ipns A[nI
Xbn kv { Xo{]PbpamIpp. cpw Xpeysan
\]pwkIamIpw. kwt`mKmhkcnse at\mhymIpeX

435

I km\w Iq\t\m apSt\m _[nct\m BIm ImcW

amIpp. hmbphn\m ip timWnX t`ZnsSp
tm Ccbpw apw DmIpp. {ItaW ]t{nb
fpsS hnImkhpw {KlW inbpw iniphn\v e`npp.
{]Wh Nn\w km\ns DXnv ImcWambn
`hnpp. amXmhv Ignp `Wn \nv cq]w
sImv hfcp inip Xr]vXn \Im DXIpp. H]
Xmw amkn inip mt\{nbmZnI tNv
]qX {]m]npw. Atm AXn\v ]qh PkvacWbpmIppv . ip`mip`It_m[w iniphn\p
DmIppapv.

4. ]qhtbm\n kl{kmWn Zrjv Szm ssNhX

tXm abm Blmcm hnhn[ `pm ]oXm \m\mhn
[mx kvX\m PmXssh arXssh Phn[mx
kvX\mPmXssh P ssNh ]p\x ]p\x bbm
]cnP\kymt IrXw Atlm ZpxtJmZ[u
atm\ ]iyman {]Xn{Inbmw Im ip`mip`w
GImIo tX\ Zt]ymlw KXmkvtX ^e t`mKn\x
bZn tbm\ym {]aptNylw XXv {]]tZy atlizcw
XXv {]]tZy \mcmbWw Aip`b Imcmw
^e apn {]ZmbIw bZntbm\ym{]aptNylw XXv
kmwJyw tbmKa`ytk Aip` b Imcw
^eapn {]ZmbIw bZntbm\ym {]aptNylw
[ymtb {_ k\mX\cx AY tbm\n Zzmcw
k w{]m] v t Xm bt{ W m] n[ y amt\ m alX m
ZpxtJ\ PmXam{X kvXp sshjvWth\ hmbp\m
kwkv]rjvS kvXZm \ kvacXn PacWm\n \ N
I ip`mip`w hnXn
B Ln hbdn \np ]pdp hcm
XpSp Pohn Xm ]e P hlnXmbpw `n
tbm\nIfn s]hcpsS ape IpSnXmbpw kvacnpp.
]e {]hiyw P\np. ]e {]mhiyw acnp. As
]e ip`m ip` Ifpw Hmpp. GXmbmepw
Rm\ntm ZpxJkap{Zn BgpIbmWv. CXn \nv
IcIbdms\mcp amw ImWpn. hfm F\nv
kXv I sNWw. atlizcs\ icWw {]m]n
Ww. hnjvWphns\ B{ibnpIbpw kmwJymZn tbmK
tXSpIbpw thWw. {_ m\ e_v[ npw
{iantXpv. Cs\ ]e Nnbnepw sRcpn
inip ]pdp hcpp. Fm `qanbnseptm
ambmPmem IgnsXmpw HmbnmXmIpp.
Xm K`n InS Imcysa Hpw Hmm
Ignbm \nebnemIpp.

5. icoccanXn IkvamXv A tbmly{X {inb

t m\mn Zi\mn tImjvTmncnXn X{X
tImjvT mn\mam inX ]oXtf ly tNmjyw
]NXn Zi\mo cq]mWmw Zi\w ItcmXn
m\mn ip`mip`w N I hnXn {XoWn
m\m\n `h n aptJ B lh \obw DZ tc
Kml]tXym lrZnZnWmn BmbPat\m
at\m {_ tem`mZbx ]ithm [rXn Zom
ktmj _po{nbmWn b ]{XmWn
lhowjn It{nbmWn incx I]mew tIim
Z`mapJa thZn NXpjvI]mew incx tjmUi
]mizZ ]Sem\n k]tXmcw aiXw
kmioXn Iw kn iXw k\hIw kv\mbp iXw
kv]X incmiXm\n ] am iXm\n Ao\n
N l ssh {XoWniXm\n jjvToxkmt{km
tcmamWn tImteym lrZbw ]em\yjvSu ZzmZi
]em Pnlzm ]n {]w I^kymipIf
IpUp]w taZ{]u Zzmh\nbXw aq{X ]pcojam
lmc ]cnamWXv ss]emZw tam imkv{Xw
ss]emZw tamimkv{XanXn
Cu tZl]ns icocsav FpsImv
]dbpp?ImcWw, CXn Pv R m\mn, Zi\mn
PTcmn Cs\ aqv AnI IpSnsImffpp.
tZln AnIp aqp m\ \onsh
npv. apJv Blh\obmn DZcn Kml]
Xymn lrZbn ZnWmnbpwCu tZlw b
kzcq]amIpp CXn BmhmWv bPam\, a\v
{_mhv, tem`mZnI _enarK, ss[cyw ktmjw
XpSnbh ZoI mt\{nb lhnv, incv,
I]mew, tIiw Ch Z`, apJw, AthZn, incv,
NXpjvI]mew, Z]wnI tjmUi I]me, \qn
F]Xv knI, \qn Ggv a m\, \qn
H]Xv kv\mbp, Ggp\qdp RcpI Aq
aI, apqn Fv AnI, C{Xbpw icocn
epv. tcma \mectmSnbmWv lrZbw Fp]ew,
Pnlz ]{p]ew, ]nw, CSgn, I^w \menSgn,
ipw \mgn, taZv cnSgn Chbp ]pdsa,
Blmcns ]cnWmaa\pk cnv aeaq{X fpw
icocnepv. Cu ]cnWmaw A\nbanXamWv. Fm
hcnepw Hcpt]mseb, Cu imkv{Xn\v tam
imkv{XsamWv t]cv ]nemZ F ap\nbmWv CXv
shfnhmnbXv.
Kt`m]\njv ]cyhkm\np.

Q
N

436

I
1

Kmb{Xo D]-\n-jv

{]Ya JWvUnI
GX-kva GXXv hnZzmw kta-Im-Z-im- cw
auev Keyw mthm ssat{Xtbm `ymP-Km-a .
GIm-Z-im auevK-eys ASpv mh-ssa-t{X-b
sNp.

Xw Xkvan {_-Ntcy hk-XoXn hnmtbm-hmN; Inwkzn acym Abw Xu-evKtey

t[yXn. bZ-kvan {_-Ntcy hk-Xo-Xn.
auevK-ey {_-Nm-cnsb Iv Abm tI hn[w ]cn-lmk kzc-n ]dp: "auevKe
- y
Cu {_-Nm-cnsb FmWv ]Tn-n-p-Xv?'

Xn auev K -e y- k ym-t -h mkn ip{im-h . k

BNm-cy-am-{h-P ym-N -Nt- .
auevK-eys {_-Nmcn CXp-tIv Xs BNm-cys
ASpv sNv ]d-p.

Zp[o-bm\w hm Abw `h athm NtZym

ba-Zym-Xn-Yn `h-Xn.
Av AXn-Yn-bm-Wtm Asb Atlw aqV- s\v
]d-p.

Inw kuay hnZzm-\ nXn? "Abm hnZzm\mtWm?' auev Key tNmZn-p.

"{Xo thZm {_qtX t`m' CXn.
AsX, aqp-th-Z-fpw sNmp--h-\mWv injy ]dp.

Xky kuay tbm hnZzm hn]jvt Sm hnPniotjm t hmko Xw ta Blz-tb-Xn.

kuaym hnZzm\pw kqva-a- dn-bp--h\pw hnPbw B{Kln- p--h -\ p-a mb At-l- ns injy-\ m-s W- n
Abmsf Fs ASp-tbvv Iqn-sm-p-hc
- q.'

XamPp lmh. Xa-`yp-hm-Nm-km-[znXn t`m CXn.

Atm Abm Ahs\ hnfn-p-hc
- p-n. ]d-p:
"Cbm- fmWv?'

Inw kuay tX BNmtcym At[yXn?'

auevK-ey Abm-tfmSv tNmZnp: "kuay, \n-fpsS

BNm-cy FmWv ]Sn-n-p-Xv?
aqp thZ-fpw sNmpp Fv.

K
3

bp Jep kuay-a`n: kth thZm apJtXm

KrloXm IYw N Gh-am-Nmtcym `mjtX IYw \pa tNXv
kuay Zpc-[o-bmt\m `hn-jy-Xn, bB-Nmtcym _me-{_-Nmco {_-Nm-cnWw kmhn{Xo {]ml CXn hy-Xn.
kuay: Abm AX-dn-bp-s-n BNm-cy {_Nm-cnv D]-tZ-inp sImSp-p-Xv kmhn-{Xn-bm-Wv. Kmb{Xn-bpsS qe-amb i_vZm-amWv Dcp-hn-Sp-X
- v.

XXzw {_qbmXv Zpc-[o-bm\w Xw ssh`-hm-uev

Key-a-thm-NX kXzmw b {]iv\ -a-{]m-o Xw
hymN\x ]pcm kwh--cm-Zm-Xn-hm-cb
- n-jy-ko-Xn.
A-s\-sb-n \n ]d-bWw Xm RfpsS BNm-cy-\mb auevK-eys\ aqV-\m-sWv ]d-p.
Xm-tfmSp tNmZn tNmZy-v adp-]Sn ]d-bm Ignbp-n Fn Hcp sIm-n-\Iw {]bm-k-ap-m-Ipw.

injvSm injvtS`y Gh `mtj-c. tb l tb

\ alw {]iv\ w ]rman \ Xw hnh- yXn \
tly\ at[y-Xo-Xn.
tl kuaym R Fm thZ-epw ]Tn-n-p-v.
B \nebvv \n-fpsS BNm-cy Fs aqV-s\p
]d-bp-s
- X-mWv? tbmKy-m-tcmSv tbmKy-m Cs\
]d-bp- Xv DNn- X- amtWm? Rm tNmZn- p tNmZy- v
icn-bmb Dcw ]d-bm Ign-bp-n-s-n Atlw ]Tnn-p- n- m-bn-cn-pw.

k l auev Keyx kza-t - h m-k n- \ - a p-h mN

]tckn kuay m_ ssat{Xb ap]m-ko-X, A[olt`m kmhn{Xo Kmb{Xo NXphn-iwXn tbm\n
ZzmZi anYp\mw bkymw `rKzw-Kn-c-k cykymw
kh-anZw {inXw hmw `hm {]m{_q-ho-Zn-Xn.
Atm auevK-ey Xs {_-Nm-cn-tbmSv ]d
p:...."kuaym, \o t]mIq. mh-ssa-t{X-bs ASp-psNv ]{p anYp-\
- fpw Ccp-]-n-\m-ep-tbm-\n-I-fpamXpw `rKphpw AwKn-cpw t\{X- -fm-bn- p- Xpw kIe-Xn\pw B{i-b-hp-amb kmhn-{Xnsb Rsf ]Tn-ntW Fv ]d-bp-I.

ZzoXob JWvUnI
k X{X PKma bt{X-Xt- cm-h-`q-Xv. Xw l
{]{] kl \
auZvKe
- ys injy ssat{X-bs ASp-p-sNv

437

I tNmZn--tm At-l- n\v Dcw \Im Ignn-.

Xw tlmhmN Zpc-[o-bm\w Xw ssh `hm

auZvKe
- y-a-thm-N kXzmb {]iv\X
-
- o {XXw
hythm Nx ]pcm kwh--cm-Zmn amcn-jy-ko-Xn.
Abm ]dp: "Av auZvK-ey aqV-\m-sWv
]d-p. Atlw Xm-tfmSp tNmZnp; Xmv AXv
]d-bm Ign-n-s-n Hcp sImw hfsc {]bmkw
A\p-`-hn-tn hcpw?

k l ssat{Xbx kzm\-t-h m-k n\ DhmN

bYmw `htm b Krlw bYm at\m hnkr
Pymw Zpc-[o-bm\ hm Alw auZvKe
- ya thmNmw
k b {]iv\ -a-t{]m-o-\Xw hythmNw Xap-ss]jyman imnw Icn-jym-ao-Xn.
Atm ssat{X-b Xs injvm-tcmSv ]dp
"Ctm \n kzw CjvS-{]-Imcw X-fpsS hk-XnI-fn-tebvv Xncnp t]mhp-I. Rm auZvK-ey aqV-\msWv ]d-p. Fm Atlw Fp tNmZnp AXn\p-cw ]d-bm F\nv Ign-hn-. Rm At-l-ns
ASp-sn At-ls im-\m-pw.'

k l ssat{X-bx {]mXx kanXv ]mWn auZ

Key ap]-kk
- mZ Aku h Awl t`m ssat{Xb
CXn. Ina-an-Xn.
ASp Znhkw {]`m-X-n ssIbn Na-X-bp-ambn
ssat{X-b auZvK-ey-ap-\n-bpsS ASp-p-sNp ]dp:
"ssat{X- b-\mb Rm Asb kam-{i-bn-m-s\- n-b-XmWv.'
"Fn\v?' Atlw tNmZnp

Zpc-[o-bm\w hm Alw `h--a-thmNw h am

b {]iv\a {]moX Xw hythmNw Xzmap-ss]-jyman. imnw Icn-jym-ao-Xn.

Av ]d-Xv A`-bm--Ihpw kXy-hp-am-Wv. Rm

Asb tkhn-p--Xn\v kanXv ]mWn-bm-bn-mWv hnp--Xv.'

X lo tX Ymb
(A-tXmsS Atlw hn[n-]qhw D]-Nm-c- sNbvXp.)

tlmt]Xy ] {]O
(A-Spp sNv tNmZn-p)

Inw hnZm-lpt`m khn-Xp htcWyw `tm

tZh kyI-hbx Inamlpx [ntbm hnN bZnXmx
{]thXy {]tNm-Z-b khnXm ]tc-Xn.
1. khn-Xm-hns htc-Wy-am-bn-p-Xv Fm-sW-mWv
]d-bp- Xv?
2. B tZhs `w FmWv?
3. Adn-bm-sa-n "[o' F-Xns XXz-sa-m-sWv ]dbp-I. AXns\ t{]cn-np sImm-Wtm khn-Xmhv Ncnp-- Xv.
Xkvam GXXv t{]mhmN Atlw Dcw sImSp-p.

thZm- - mwkn khn- X ph- t cWyw `tm

tZhky Ih-tbm--am-lp. ImWn [nb kvXZp
tX {_hoan {]tNm-Z-b khnXm bm`n-tc-Xn.
1. thZ-fpw O-p-amWv khn-Xm-hns htc-Wy-am-bnp- -Xv.
2. Adn-hp--h A-s-bmWv tZhs `-sap ]dbp- -Xv.
3. Iw Xs-bmWv B [o XXzw AXn-eqsS t{]cW
\In-sm-mWv kqcy Ncn-p--X.v
Xap-]-kw-Krly ]{]-m-[oXn t`mx Ix khnXm ImKm-b{Xo-Xn.

ssat{X-b ]dp: Rm Av aqV-\m-sWv

]d-bp-Ib
- p-m-bn, Av tNmZn--Xn\p adp-]Sn ]d-bm
F\nv Ign-n-. Rm A-b psS ASp-s n
Ctm Asb kam-[m-\n-n-p-I-bm-Wv.'

AXp-tIv hopw Atlw tNmZn-p. khn-Xmhv

FmWv? Kmb{Xn Fv?

XrXob JWvUnI

k tlmhmN A{X hm Dt]Xw N khw N

IrXw ]m]-tI\ Xzmw bmt\\ Nc-a
- mlpx AtYm
h aa Ieym-WkvXw tX ZZman tX\ bmloXn

a\ Gh khnXm hmIv kmhn{Xn b{X tlyh

a\-kvXZ- zm-Iv. b{X ssh hmIv X\ CXn GtX
th tbm\o GIw anYp-\w.

auXv Key ]dp: "Xm ChnsS hp; BfpI ]d-bp-Xv kua-\k

- y-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-. An-hnsS
h-sX-m-Wv. Fnepw Rm `hy-ambn A-tbmSv s]cpam-dp-p. AXp kzoI-cnv Av Xncnsb t]mhp-I.'

a\-mWv khn-Xm-h.v hmIv kmhn-{Xn. a\-p-n-Sv

hmp-v. hmp-n-Sv a\-p-v. Ah cpw cp
tbm\nbpw Hcp anYp-\-hp-am-Wv.

An-tch khnXm ]rYnho kmhn-{Xo. b{Xk tlmhmN GX-tZ-hm-{Xm]n Nm\p-ikyw NbYm tlyj An-kvXXv ]rYn-ho. b{X ssh ]rYnho
`hm-\mlw D]-bm-an- tXzh `h--an-Xn. ssat{X-b ]dp: XZ-n-cnXn GtX tZz tbm\o GIw anYp-\w.

438

An khn-Xm-hm-Wv. ]rYzn kmhn-{Xn. An-bp-n-ShnZyp- t Zh khnXm kv X \- b nXv \ px. b{X

Xv ]rYzn-bp- v. ]rYzn-bp-n-Sv An-bp-v. AXv cp- sshkvX\bnXv\p-kvXZ
- zn-Zzp-ZnXn GtX tZz tbm\o
tbm-\nbpw Hcp anYp-\-hp-am-Wv.
GIw anYp-\w.

hmbp-tcJ khn-X m, A-c ow kmhn-{Xo,

b{X tlyh hmbp-kvX-Z-c
- ow b{X hm Acow XZzm-bp-cnXn GtX tZz tbm\o GI anYp\w.

hnZypv khn-Xm-hm-Ip-p. AXns tLmjw kmhn{Xn-bpw. FhnsS an-epv AhnsS i_vZa

- p-v. FhnsS
CSn-ap-g--apv AhnsS an-ep-v. cpw cp tbm\n
Ifpw Hcp anYp-\-hp-am-Ip-p.

hmbp khn-Xm-hm-W v. A-cow kmhn-{Xn-bpw.

FhnsS hmbp-hpv AhnsS A-co--ap-.v Ah cpw
tbm\nbpw Hcp anYp-\-hp-am-Ip-p.

{]mW Gh khn-Xm. Aw kmhn-{Xn. b{X

tlyh-{]m-W-kvXZ-
- w. b{Xhm Aw XXv {]mW
CXn. GtX tZz tbm\o GIw anYp-\w.

BZnXy Gh khnXm Zyux kmhn{Xo b{X

tlyhm-Z nXy kvX kv a mXv Zyux b{X ssh Zyu
kvXZm-ZnXy CXn. GtX tZz tbm\o GIw anYp-\w.

{]mW khn-X m-h m-Ip-p. Aw kmhn-{Xn-bpw.

FhnsS {]mW-\pv AhnsS A-ap-v. FhnsS Aapv AhnsS {]mW-\p-v. cpw cp tbm\n-Ifpw Hcp
anYp-\-hp-am-Ip-p.

BZn-Xy khn- Xm-hm-Wv. tZymhv kmhn-{Xn-bpw. FhnsS

BZn-Xy-\p-v. AhnsS tZymhp-v. cpw cp tbm\nIfpw Hcp anYp-\-hp-am-Ip-p.

N{am Gh khn-Xm. \-{XmWn kmhn-{Xn.

b{X-t lyh N{-am-k vX- - -{Xm-W n. b{X ssh
\-{XmWn X-{am CXn GtX tZz tbm\o GI
anYp-\w.
N{ khn-Xm-hm-Ip-p. \-{X- kmhn-{Xnbpw.
FhnsS N{-\pv AhnsS \{X--fp-v. \-{X-
Dn-Sv N{-\p-ap-v. cpw cp tbm\n-Ifpw Hcp anYp\-hp-am-Ip-p.

Al Gh khnXm cm{Xnx kmhn{Xn b{X tly

hml-kvXZv cm{Xnx b{X ssh cm{Xn-kvX-Z-l-c nXn
GtX tZz tbm\o GIw anYp-\w.
Znhkw khn-Xm-hm-Ip-p. cm{Xn kmhn-{Xn-bpw. ]Iep-n-Sv cm{Xn-bp-apv; cm{Xn-bp-n-Sv ]I-ep-ap-v.
cpw cp-tbm-\n-Ifpw Hcp anYp-\-hp-am-Ip-p.

DjvW -t ah khnXm ioXw kmhn-{Xn. b{X

tly thmjvW w XoXw b{X ssh ioXw XZpjvW-anXn GtX tXz tbm\o GIw anYp-\w.
DjvWw khn-X m-h m-I p-p. ioXw kmhn-{Xn-b pw.
FhnsS DjvWa
- pv AhnsS ioX-ap-v. FhnsS ioX-apv, AhnsS DjvW-hp-ap-v. cpw cp tbm\n-Ifpw Hcp
anYp-\-hp-am-Ip-p.

A{`- t ah khnXm hjw kmhn{Xn b{X

tlyhm{`w XZzjw b{X ssh hjw XZ{` anXn
GtX tZz tbm\o GIw anYp-\w.
taLw khn-X m-h m-I p- p. hjw kmhn-{ Xn-b pw.
FhnsS taL-apv AhnsS hj-W-ap-v. FhnsS hjW-apv AhnsS taL-ap-v. cpw cp tbm\n-Ifpw Hcp
anYp-\-hp-am-Ip-p.

thZm Gh khnXm Omwkn kmhn{Xn. b{X

tlyh thZm-kvX--mw-kn. b{X ssh Omwko
XtZzZm CXn. GtX tZz tbm\o GIw anYp-\w.
thZ- khn-Xm-hm-Ip-p. AXns tLmjw kmhn{Xn-bpw. FhnsS an-ep-v AhnsS i_vZa
- p-v. FhnsS
CSn-ap-g--apv AhnsS an-ep-v. cpw cp tbm\nIfpw Hcp anYp-\-hp-am-Ip-p.

{]mW Gh khn-Xm, Aw kmhn-{Xn. b{X

tlyh-{]m-W-kvXZ-
- w. b{Xhm Aw XXv {]mW
CXn. GtX tZz tbm\o GIw anYp-\w.
{]mW khn-X m-hm-Ip- p. Aw kmhn{Xnbpw.
FhnsS {]mW-\pv AhnsS A-ap-v. FhnsS Aapv AhnsS {]mW-\p-v. cpw cp tbm\n-Ifpw Hcp
anYp-\-hp-am-Ip-p.

thZm Gh khnXm Omwkn kmhn-{Xn. b{Xtlyh thZm-kvX--mw-kn. b{X ssh Omwko

XtZzZm CXn. GtX tZz tbm\o GIw anYp-\w.
thZ- khn-Xm-hm-Ip-p. O-p-I kmhn-{Xnbpw
FhnsS thZ--fp-v, AhnsS O-pIfpv. FhnsS
O-p-I-fpv Ahn-sS thZ--fpw. cp cp tbm\nIfpw Hcp anYp-\-hp-am-Ip-p.

b Gh khnXm ZnWm kmhn{Xn b{X

tlyh b- k v X Zv ZnWm kmhv X nc b{X
tlyh bPvR-kvXZv ZnWm b{X ssh ZnWm
XZy CXn GtX tZz tbm\o GIw anYp-\w.
bw khn-Xm-hm-Ip-p. ZnW kmhn-{Xn-bpw.
FhnsS b-apv AhnsS Zn-Wb
- p-v. FhnsS ZnW-bpv AhnsS b-hp-ap-v. cpw cp tbm\n-IfmWv; Hcp anYp-\-hpw.

439

kXys; kXy-m {_m-hns\; {_m-hn-\m

{_m-Ws\; {_m-W-\m {hXs; {_m-W {hXm Xs XovW\
- m-bn-o-cp-p. ]q\pw AhnhnZzm\pw ]tcm-]-Im-cn- bp- amb alm-cm- Pm-hmb Asb
n-\
- p-am-bn- o-cp-p.
tkhn-p-X
- n\v Cu {_-Nmcn hp tNn-cn-p-p.

AssYXw B kwkvXp-cm-Nn Gh NntXm_-`qh AtYm-mb {]mhm-Po-Zn-Xn.

Cu {_ Nmcn A-bpsS ASp-sn m\
]q-\m-bn-on-cn-p-p. AXn-\p-tijw Atlw
AhnsS \nv t]mbn.

Ahn- ntm ky Xp- c -h n- nw Poh\w

`hXn b Ghw htZXv bsshw hnZzm-t\-ht- aXw
kmhn{Xymx {]Yaw ]mZw hymNjvtS
bmsXm-cm Cu hn[w Adn-bp-p, Adnv AXns\
th hn[-n hymJym-\n-pp; Abm-fpsS hwihpw
Pohn-Xhpw Ahn-n--am-bn-o-cp-p.

GXZzm Alw thZ ss\Xmkp tbm\n-tjzX

GtXt`ym hm anYp-t\`yx kw`-htXm {_-Nmco
aa ]pcp-bpjx t{]bm-Zn-Xn.

]a IWvUnI

]ns Atlw ]dp: "Ctm Rm\Xv a\vkkn-em-n-bn-cn-p-p. Cu tbm\n-If

- ntem Cu anYp-\-fntem IS-p-h Fs Hcp {_-Nm-cnbpw Aev]m-bpm-bn-cn-p-I-bn-.

kmhn-{Xn-bpsS cm-as ]mZw "`tm tZhkym

[oaln' Fm-Wv.

NXp JWvUnI
{_ tlZw {inb {]Xn-jvTm-am-b-X\
- s
- sa-X
X-sskyIm bZn XXv {_qtX ntbXv XXv
ktXy {]XyXn-jvT-Xv.
{_ {io{]-Xn-jvTm-b-X\
-
- Ip. X]p sNWw. Xt]m-{hXw [cn-p ]w kXy-n\v {]Xn-jvTbp-m- Ipw.

k khnXm kmhn{Xym {_mWw krjvSzm

XXv kmhnt{Xm ]cy-Z-[m-Xv.
B khn-Xmhv kmhn-{Xn-bn \nv {_m-Ws\
krjvSn-p. kmhn-{Xnsb hf-p.

XXv khn-X q htcWyw CXn kmhn{Xymx

{]Yax ]mZx
kmhn-{Xn-bpsS Hm-as ]mZw "XXv khn-X q
htcWyw' Fm-Wv.

]rYnho ENw ka-[m-Xv.

ENm Anw, An\m {inbw {inbm kv{Xnbw
kv{Xn tbm anYp-\w. anYp-t\\ {]Pmw. {]Pbm I
IWm X]x X]km kXyw. ktXy\ {_m
{_Wm {_m-Ww. {_m-tW\ hvXcw. {htX
\ssh {_mWx kw intXm `h-Xn. Aiqt\ym
`h-Xn. Ahn-ntm `h-Xn.
]rYzn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Ens\ tbmPn-np. En-t\mSv
An-s b, An-t bmSv {iosb, {iotbmSv kv{Xosb,
kv{XotbmSv anYp-\s; anYp-\-tmSv {]P-sb; {]P-bm
Is ; I - m X]- ns\; X]- n- \ m

s F X - mk vs s a X Z zn- Z zmw- k - t am- ] - I mc o

amkkvXp {_-Nmco tX kwnX CXn.

`tm tZhky [oa-loXn kmhn{Xymx ZznXobx

]mZx

A- c o- t W bPpx ka- Z - [ mXv bPpjm

hmbpw hmbp\m A{`w, At{`W hjw htjW
Huj[n h\- k v] - X o, Huj[o h\- k v ] -X o`ox
]iq, ]ip`ox I, IWm X]x, X]km
kXyw, ktXy\ {_m-W m, {_mWw {_mtW-\, {hXw {htX-\. ssh {_mWx kwintXm
`h-Xy-hn-ntm `h-Xn.
A-co--m bpv kpkw-Ln-S-X-am-Ip-p.
bpth-Z
- m hmbp-hns\; hmbp-hn-\m taLs;
taL-m hjs; hj-m Huj[n h\-kv]-XnIsf Hmj-Zn-h-\k
- v]-X-I-em Pp-sf; Pp--fm
{]h-\-sf; {]h-\
- -fm X]-ns\; X]-n\m kXys; kXy-m {_s; {_-m
{_m-Ws\; {_m-W-\m {hXs; {hX-m {_mW XovW\pw Ahn-n-\
- p-am-bn-o-cp-p.

Ahn-n-tmky Xp-ch
- n-nw Poh\w `hXnb Ghw htZXv bsshw hnZzm- t\-h - taXw
kmhn{Xymx {]Yam ]mZw hymN-jvtS.
bmsXm-cm Cs\ CX-dn-bp-p, Adnv Cs\
th-hn[w hymJym-\n-p- p. Abm Xs hwi-sbpw
Xsbpw Ahn-n--am-p-p.

jjvT IWvUnI
1. "[ntbm tbm \x {]tNm-Z-bmXv CXn kmhn{Xymx
XrXobx ]mZx
kmhn-{Xn-bpsS aqm-as ]mZw "[ntbm tbm \x
{]tNm-Z-bmXv' Fm-Ipp

Znhm kma ka-Z-[m-Xv, kmav\m BZn-Xyw, BZntXy\ civao, civan`nx hjw, htjW Hmj[n

440

I h\-kv]-Xo, Hmj-[n-h-\-kv]-Xn`yx ]iq, ]ip`nx

I IWm X]x, X]-km kXyw, ktXy\
{_, {_Wm {_m-Ww, {_m-tW\ {hXw,
{htX\ ssh {_mWx kwintXm `h-Xy-iqt\ym
`h-Xy-hn-NvOntm `h-Xn. Ahn-ntm ky Xpa-hn-nw Poh\w `hXn b Ghw thZ bsshw
hnZzm- t \- h - t aXw km- h n- X ym- k v X r- X obw ]mZw
hymNjvt S
Zyptem-It- mSp IqSn kmas tbmPn-n-p-p.
kma-tmSv BZn-Xys\; BZn-Xy-t\mSp civa-Isf; civan-ItfmSv hjs; hj-tmSv Hmj-[n-h-\-k]
v -Xn-Isf; Hmj[n-h\
- k
- v ]X
- n-Isf arK--tfmSv; arK-sf I-tmSv;
Is X]-n-t\mSv; X]- ns\ kXy- tm-Sv; kXys
{_-tmSv; {_s {_m-W-t\mSv; {_m-Ws\
{_-{h-XtmSv; {hX-m {_m-W XovW\pw
]q-\p-am-Ip-p. Ahs hwiw Ahn-n--am-Ip-p. CXv
a\-n-emn kmhn-{Xn-bpsS XrXob ]mZs hymJym-\np--h Xs hwi Pohn-Xs Ahn-n--am-p-p.

k]vX -a-I -W vUnI

tX\ lhm Ghw hnZqjm {_m-tW\ {_m`n-]w {KknXw ]cm-ar-jvSw.
kmhn- {Xn-bpsS aqp ]Zfpw Adn-bp {_m-W
{_-{]m-]vX\pw {Kkn-X\pw AXn-\m ]cm-ar-jvS-\p-amIp-p.

{_Wm BIm-k - a -`n- ] w {Kkn- X w, ]cmarjvSw BIm-ti\ hmbp-c-`n-]tm {Kkn-Xx, ]cmar-jvSx, hmbp\m tPymXn-c`- n-]tm {KknXx ]cmarjvSw `qaym--a-`n-]w {KknXw ]cm-ar-jvSw, ]cmarjv Sx tPymXn-jm-am-t]m-`n-]tm {Kkn-Xx, ]cmarjvSmx AZv`n`qan At\ {]mtWm-` n-] tm
{KknXx ]cm- a rjv S x {]mtW\ at\m`n]w
{KknXw ]cm-ar-jvSw, a\km hmK-`n-]m {KknXm
]cm-arjvSmx! thssZbtm A`n-hx {KknXx
]cm-arjvSx Xm\n lhm GXm\n Zzm Zi alm `qXmt\yh hnZn {]Xn- j v T n- X m- \ n. tXjmw b kvtXjmw ]cm[yx

A`n-]-hpw {Kkn-Xhpw ]cm-ar-jvS-hp-amWv; C{-\m

{]mW A`n-]- hpw {Kkn-Xhpw ]cm-ar-jvS-hp-amWv; {]mW\m a\v A`n-]-\-\hpw a\-n-\m hmv A`n-]
- hpw
{Kkn-Xhpw ]cm-ar-jvS-hp-am-Ipp; hmn-\m thZ-
A`n-]fpw {Kkn-X-fpw ]cm-hr-jSv --fp-am-Wv. thZ-fm bw {]m]vXhpw {Kkn-Xhpw ]cm-hr-jvS-hp-amWv. C-s\-bp m\w Dsmp--h-cn ]{p
alm-`q-X
- {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-Ip-p. Ch-bn b-amWv
kh-t{i-jvTw.

X l kvssa Xtah hnZzmwkm a\ytX hnssZy\-anXn bYm XYyw hnZzmwkx

Rv b-s-n Adn-bm-sav Nnn-p
hnZzmam ]ecpw AX-dn-bp-n-.

Abw btm thtZjp {]Xn-jvTnXx thZm

hmNn-{]-Xn-jvTn-Xmx, hmMv a\kn {]Xn-jvTn-Xm, a\x
{]mtW {]Xn-jvTn-Xw, {]mtWm Au {]Xn-jvTnXx, Aw `qau {]Xn-jvTn-Xw, `qanx c]vkp {]XnjvT n-Xx, Aw `qau {]Xn-jv Tn-Xw, `qanx c]vk p
{]Xn-jvTn-Xx, Aw `qau {]Xn-jvTn-Xw, `qanx c]vkp
{]Xn- j vT n- X m, Bt]m-t Pym-X njn {]Xn-j vT n-X mx,
tPymXnhmbu {]Xn-jvTn-Xm, hmbp-cm-Imti {]Xnjv Tn-Xx, BImiw {_Wn {]Xn-jvTn-Xw, {_
hnZn {]Xn-jvTn-Xw.
tbm l hm Ghw hnXv k {_-hn-Xv, ]pWyw
NIonw e`- t X, kpc`ow Km. tkm
]lX ]m]va m A\mw {inb am]vt\m-X n. b
Ghw thZ bsshw hnZym-t\-h-taXmw thZm\mw
amXcw kmhn{Xow k-Z-ap-]\
- n-jZ ap]mkvX CXn
{_m-W w.

Cu bw thZ- n {]Xn-jvT n-X -am-W v. thZw

hmn {]Xn-jvTn-Xa
- m-Ip-p. hmv a\-n {]Xn-jvTn-Xam-Wv. a\v {]mW-\n {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-Wv, {]mW An {]Xn-jvTn-Xa
- m-Ipp; Aw `qan-bn {]Xn-jvTn-Xam-Ipp; `qan Pe-n {]Xn-jT
v n-X-am-W.v Pew tXP-n
{]Xn-jvTn-Xa
- mWv; tXPv hmbp-hn {]Xn-jvTn-Xa
- mWv;
hmbp BIm-i-n {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-Ip-p. BImiw {_n {]Xn-jvTn-Xa
- mWv; {_-th-mhv {_m-W-\n
{_-m BImiw {]m]vXhpw {Kkn-Xhpw ]cm- {]Xn-jvTn-Xa
- mWv; CX-dn-bp {_-m\n ]pWyhpw
ar-jvS-hp-am-Ip-p. BIm-i
- m hmbp {]m]vXhpw {Kkn- Ionbpw t\Sp-p. kpc-`ne Kw {]m]n-p-p. B
Xhpw ]cm-ar-jvS-hp-amWv; hmbp-hn-\m tPymXnv A`n-]- hyn ]m]-lo-\-\mbn A\--amb sFiz-cys {]m]nhpw {Kkn-Xhpw ]cm- ar-jvS-hp-amWv; tPymXn-n-\m Pew p- p.
{]m]vXhpw {Kkn-Xhpw ]cm-ar-jvS-hp-amWv; Pe-m ]rYzn
Kmb{Xn D]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
{]m]vXhpw {Kkn-Xhpw ]cm-ar-jvS-hp-am-W.v `qan-bm Aw

Q
N

441

I
1

Kmb-{Xo-c-l-tkym-]-\n-jv 3

Hmw kzkvXknw Hmw \tam {_tW Hmw

\akv I rXy bmhev I yx Ejn kzbw `phw
]cn]rXn\ tl {_, Kmb{Xym DXv] nw
t{imXpanman AYmtXm hknjvT x kzbw`phw
]cn]rnXn tbm {_ k {_tmhmN {_
mt\mXv ]t {]IrXnw hymJymkymax tIm
\ma kzb`px ]pcpj CXn tX\mwKpeoaYyam\mXv
kenea`hXv kenemXv t^\mXv _pZv_pZa`hXv
_pZv_pZmZa`hXv AmXv {_m A`hXv
{_ tWm hmbp c`hXv h mtbm c nc `h Xv
AttcmwImtcm`hXv HmmcmXv hymlrXnc`hXv
hymlrXym Kmb{Xym kmhn{Xy `hXv kmhn{Xymx
kc kzXy `hX v kc kzX ymx k th thZ mx
A`h kth`ymx temtI`yx khm temImx
A`h ktht`ym temtI`yx kth {]mWn
t\m `hXv
Hmw awKfw `hns. kIepw knnbpmIs.
{_mhn\v \akvImcw. bmhevIy kzbw `qhnt\Sv
tNmZnpp. Kmb{Xn Fs\bpmbn? Atlw
]dp. ""{_m\ns Dev]nbmWv, {]Ir
XnbpsS BZnImcWsav ]dbsSpp.BcmWv
kzbw`px? AtX ]pcmW ]pcpj Xs. Atlw hncev
IpSv Pes Dev]mZnp. Pen\nv t^\ap
mbn.t^\n \nv _pZv_pZw, _pZv_pZn \nv
Aw,An \nv {_mhv, {_mhn \nv
hmbp,hmbphn \nv An, Anbn \nv Hmmcw,
Hmmcn \nv hymlrXn, hymlrXnbn \nv
Kmb{Xn, Kmb{Xnbn \nv kmhn{Xn, kmhn{Xnbn \nv
kckzXn, kckzXnbn \nv kIe thZfpw, kIe
thZfn \npw kIe temInsebpw PohnIfpw
Dmbn.

AYmtXm Kmb{Xo hymlrIm hymlrXbx

Inw `qx Inw `phx Inw al Inw P\x Inw X]x Inw
kXyw khnXp Inw htcWyw Inw Z Inw
tZhky Inw [oaln Inw [nbx Inw bx Inw
{]tNmZ\bmXv Hmw `qcnXn `qthm temIx `phx
CXycotemIx kzcnXnkztemIx al CXn
altemIx P\ CXn Pt\m temIx X] CXn
Xt]mtemIx kXyanXn kXy temIx XZ]n
bZ k u tX tP mabx tX tP m f n tZ h X m
khnXpcnXn khnXm khnXm kmNn{X amZntXym
ssh htcWyan{X {]Pm]Xnx `CXymt]mssh

`x tZhky CXot{m tZh tZymXI CXn k

C{kv X kv a mXv kh]pcptjm\mXx cpt{Zm
[oalnXycmm [nb CXycmm lcx b
CXn kZm inh ]pcpjx \x CXy kvamIw kz
[t {]tNmZ bmZnXn {]tNmZnX Ima Cam
temIm {]Xym{ibtX b ]tcm [ CtXyjm
Kmb{Xo
As\ Atln \nmWvKmb{Xnbpw hymlr
XnIfpw {]hnIfpw {]hnXambXv.
Kmb{Xn FmWv? hymlrXnI GsXmsbmWv?
A{]Imcw `px `phx kzx alx P\x X]x kXyw

XXv khnXpx htcWyw `x tZhky[oaln [nbx

bx \x {]tNmZbmXv CsXms Fv? ChbpsS kzcq]
sav?
Dcw `qx FXv `q temIns hmNIamWv. `ph
FXv BImins, kzx kztemIns alx
altemI ns P\x P\ temI ns, X]x
Xt]mtemIns kXyw kXy temIns XXv
FXv tXPkznbmb AntZhs khnXp kqcys,
htcWyw {]Pm]Xnbmb {_mhns `w Pens
tZhky tXPkznbmb C{s [oaln FXv t{]cW
bvpff CbpsS tZymXIamWv. Npcpn Kmb{Xn
kIe temInsbpw tZhXIfpsSbpw {]XoIamWv.

km N I nwtK m{Xm IXy cm IXn] Zm

IXnIpnb Im\n iojmWn kmwJymtKm{Xm
km N Xn hnwi Xycm Kmb{Xo {Xn]mZm
NXpjv ] mZm ]p\kv X kymXzmc ]mZm jSv
IpnIm ] iojmWn `hn tI N ]mZm
Im Ipb Im\n iojmWn EtKztZmkymx
{]Ya ]mtZm `hXn bqthtZm ZznXobx ]mZx
]qhm ZnIv {]Yam Ipo`hXn ZnWm ZznXob
Ipn `hXn ]na XrXobm Ipn `hXn
Dcm NXpo Ipn `hXn A[xjjv T o
Ipo `hXn hymIctWmky {]Yax iotjm
`hXn inm ZznZobx Iev ] kv I rXnbx \ncpXpx tPymXn jmkb\anXn ]ax Ix
ZnIv tImhx Inamb X\w Ix kzcx Inw
eWwIm\ycssZhXm\n tI Ejbx Im\n
Omwkn Im ibx Im\nX Xzm\n tINmhbhmx
]q hmbmw`hXp Kmb{Xo tizXm kmhn{Xo
Irjv W m kckzXn ]rYnhycow tZymcmbX\m\n.

442

AXns tKm{XtaXmWv? AXv F{X Acapff

XmWv? AXn\v F{X ]mZamWv? F{X Ipnbpv?
AXns iojw aq[m\n m\ Ch Gh?
Dcw AXv kmwJymb\ tKm{Xn s]XmWv. Ccp]
n\mev AcfmWv AXn\pffXv. Kmb{Xn aqp
]mZhpw \mep]mZhpw DffXmWv. \mepw Bdpw Ipn
Ifpw Av incpw AXn\p.v
]mZ GXv, IpnI GXv, incv Gh?
EtKzZamWv AXns Hmas ]mZw. bpthZw
cmasXpw kmathZw aqmasXpw AYhthZw
\memasXpw ]mZamWv ]qhZnv Hmas Ipn.
ZnW Znv cmas Ipn, DcZnv \memas
Ipn, BImiw Amas Ipn, Xmsg `qan
Bdmas Ipnbpw
hymIcWamWv AXns BZys incv, in
cmasXv , Iev]w aqmatXv, \ncpw \mema
sXv, tPymXnjw AmasXv.
GXv Znn GXp \ndn AXns A[njvTm{Xn
Ifmb tZhXI \nfsmffpp? AhbpsS hnkvXmc
sav? kzcw eWw Ch GXmWv? BcmWv A[njvTm
XtZhn? EjnI Bcv? Ov Fv? inI GsX
mw? GXp XXzamWv? Ahbhtfh?
Kmb{Xn ]qhZnnsXmWv. \ndw NphmWv, heXp
hiv kmhn{Xn AXns \ndw shffbmWv, ]Snmdv
kckzXn AXns \ndw Idpv, [ym\amWv A\pjvtTbw
]rYnhnbpw BImihpw kzhpamWv AXns
hnkvXmcw \nhmk m\hpw.

AImtcmImcaImc cqt]mZmmZn kzcm

nIm khm kym lwkhmln\o {_o
a[ y am h r j `h ml n\ o amtl i zc o ] nam
KcpUhmln\o sshjvW ho ]qhmImenIm
k y m K mb{X o I p amc o c m c mwK m
c h m k n\ o c ame y K m\ p te ] n\ o
]mimpim amemIaep lkvX m lwkm
cpVm {_ssZhXym EtKzZ kwlnXm BZn
Xy]Y Kman\o `pthm temtI hyhnXm
kmbw kym kckzXo hym Irjv W
K ameym\pte]\m iwJ N{IKZm`b lkvXm
Kcp UmcqVm hnjv W p ssZhXym kma thZ
klnXm B ZnXy ]Y Kman\o kz temI
hyhnXm
AXv AImc DImc cq]hpw DZmmZnkzcmmI
hpamWv.
{]mXx Imeo\ kymcq]nWnbpw lwkhmln\n

bpw {_kzcq]nWnbpamWv. a[yamkym hrj hmln

\nbpw ickzcq]nWnbpamWv. kmbwImeo\ ky
KcpUmcqVbpw hnjv Wpkzcq]nWnbpw NXp`pPbpw
iwJN{ImZn [mcnWnbpamWv

]qhmImenI kybmb Kmb{Xn Ipamcnbpw

chbpw Nph amebpw apw [cnhfpw Nph
amebpw apw [cnhfpamWv. ]miw, Apiw, Iaep,
Aame Ch [cnpp. lwkmcqVbmWv. {_mZn
tZhkzcq]nWnbpw EtKzZ klnXbpw kqcyamn
kcnphfpw ]rYznbn \nhknphfpamWv.
a[ym ImenI kybphXnbpw kzbpw shff
\ndapffhfpw shfpN\hpw shfpamebpw
[cnphfpw {XnipeUacpI[mcnWnbpw Imfpdv
k n phfpw cp{Zm[n tZhXbpw bpthZ
kw_n\nbpamWv. kqcyamn kcnpp.
BImin \nesImffpp.
kmbwImeo\ ky kckzXnbmWv. {]mbw sN
hfpw Idpame tNhfpw iwJN{IKmZmZnI [cnv
KcpUhmln\nbpambn hncmPnpp. hnjvWphmWv A[n
ssZhw. kmathZbpbpw kqcyKman\nbpw kzn
\nhknphfpamWv.

A nh mbp k qc y c q] m
B l h \ ob
Kml]Xy ZnWmn kzcq]m Zq`ph kzcnXn
hymlrXncq]m{]mX a[ym XrXob kh\m
nIm kXzcPkvXtamKpWnnIm Pm{KXvk z]v\
kpjp]v X cq]m hkpcp{ZmZnXy cq]m Kmb{Xo
{XnjvSp]v PKXo cq]m {_ ic hnjvWp.
cqt]mPmRm\ incq]m kzcmUv hncmUv
{_`hXn {]Yamtbw ZzXobw {]mPm]Xyw
XrXobw kuayw NXpmaoim\mw ]aamZn
Xyw jjvSw Kmln]Xyw k]vXaw a{ajvSaw
`KhssZhXw \haamcyaWw Ziaw kmhn{Xta
ImZiw Xzmjv Sw ZzmZiw ]ujvW w {XtbmZi
ssa{mw NXp
ao\ a\yX ]aw `mhw jjvTw imn
eyw k]vXaw temlnX ajvSw sshjvWhw \haw
i mX m X ] w Z i a w k \ X vI p amc taI m Z i w
]u{Iw ] ZimXXpw tj mUi w Zi mw
Imiy]ajvSma amt{Xb tatIm\ hnwiaume
ItaI hniwamwKnkw Zzmhnwiw \ma tIXp
auevK eyw NXphnwiamwKnkyw sshizml{X
anXm {]XycmWm ZrjvStbm `hn.
Cu Kmb{Xn An hmbp kqcycq]hpw Blh\obw
Kml]Xyw `Ww Cu hn cq]hpw Ev bpkv
kmaw Cu cq]nepffXpw BWv `qx `phx kz Ch
hymlrXncq]hpw {]mXx Imew a[ymw kmbmw Cu

443

I cq]nepffXpw kXzcPkvXtamKpWsf {]Xn\n

[m\w sNpXpw {_ihnjv Wpamsc eyamn
bXpw Kmb{Xn PKXn {XnjvSpv Cu OpI Dsm
ffpXpw {_abhpamIpp.
Kmb{XnbpsS Hmas Acw AntZhs\bpw,
cmasXv {]Pm]Xnsbbpw,apmasXv N{s\bpw,
\mev Cuim\s\bpw, Av BZnXys\bpw, Bdv Kml
]Xysbpw, Ggv a{sbpw, Fv `K\bpw, H]Xp
Acyamhns\bpw, ]v khnXmhns\bpw, ]Xns\mv
XzjvSmhns\bpw,]{v ]qjmhns\bpw, ]Xnaqv
C{mnIsfbpw, ]Xnmev hmbphns\bpw, ]Xn\v
hmatZhs\bpw, ]Xn\mdv ssa{XmhcpWs\bpw, ]Xnt\gv
{`mXrhys\bpw, ]Xns\v hnjvWphns\bpw, ]sm
]Xv hma\s\bpw, Ccp]Xv sshiztZhs\bpw, Ccp]
smv cp{Zs\bpw, Ccp]n cv Ipt_cs\bpw,
Ccp]naqv Aizn\o Ipamcmscbpw, Ccp]n\mev
Ac {_mZntZhs\bpw {]Xn\n[m\w sNpp.
Hmw Acns Ejn hknjvT\mWv. cma
tXns `cZzP, aqnsXv K, \mensXv
D]a\yq.AnsXv `rKp, Bdns imney, Ggns
temlnX, Fns hnjvWp, H]Xns imXX],
]ns k\Xv Ipamc, ]Xns\mns thZhymk,
]{ns ipItZh, ]Xnaqns ]mcicy,
]Xn\mens ]u{Iw, ]Xn\ns {IXp, ]Xn\m
dns hv, ]Xnt\gns Iiy], ]Xns\ns
A{Xn, ]sm]Xns AKkvXy, Ccp]Xns Dme
I, Ccp]n Hns BwKncp, Ccp]nns
\matIXp Ccp]naqns apZvK e, Ccp]n\m
ens BwKnctKm{XP\mb hnizman{X,

Kmb{Xn {XnjvSp]v PKXn A\pjvSp]v ]wn

_rlXn DjvWnIv BZn {Xncmhrt\ Omwkn
{]Xn]Zyt {]mZn\n {]Pm hniz`{Zm hnem
kn\o {]`m i mamIm n k v ] im Zp m
kckzXo hncq]mhnimemo imen\o hym]n\o
hnaem XtamlmcnWo kqv a mhbhm ]Zv a m
ebmhncPm hnizcq]m khtXm apJoXm NXp
h nwiX n i tbm\nKZ y t ] rY nhy m] v t X
tPmhmbzmImi K ckcq] kv ] i i_v Z
hmIym\n ]mZ]mbp] XzIvNp {io Pnlzm
{LmW at\m _pylwImcNn m\oXn
{]XybncmWw XXzm\n {]Xobt I NIm
Xko Ippa ]nwKtf{ \oemn {]t`m \yXv
kqcyhnZypmcI ktcmP tKmcacIX ip
I p t p i mJ ] m p t\ {X \ ote m e v] e
N\mKcp IkvXpcm tKmtcmN\ L\kmckn`w
{]Xyc a\pkpIrcy kacX ]mX tIm] ]mX
h alm]mXImKayKa\ tKmlXy {_lXym

KpcplXym ]nXrlXym {]mWnlXym NcmNc

lXym`y`WmXn Krl kzI hntZ\
kzm[ymXnlo\ IIcW ]c[\m]lcW
ip{Zmt`mP\ i{Xpam]WNmeob Ka \mZn
kakvX ]m]]lmcmw kwkva tcXv

Kmb{Xn, {XnjvSp]v, PKXo, A\pjvSp]v, ]wn,

_rlXo, DjvWnI Ch aqv BhntbmSp IqSnbXmbn
KWn sncnpp. A hbnse C cp]n\mep
inI XmsgsImSpphbmWv{]mZn\o, {]Pm
hniz`{Zw, hnemkn\o, {]`m, imn, Imn, kv]m,
Zp, kckzXn, hncq], hnimemo, imen\o, hym]n\o,
hnae, Xtam{]lmcnWo, kqva mhbh, ]meb,
hncP, hnizcq], `{Z, Ir], khtXmapJo, ]rYzn, Pew,
tXPv, hmbp, BImiw, Kw, ckw, cq]w, kv]iw,
i_vZw, hmIyw, ]mZw, aew, aqt{X{nbw, Xzv, Iv,
sNhn, \mv, aqv, a\v , _pn, Almcw, Nnw,
Ch Kmb{XnbpsS, Hmtcm AcfpsS XXzamIpp.
NIw, Aaco, Ippaw, ]nwfw, C{, \oew,
An{]`mXw, DZnp kqcy hnmcI, ktcmPw,
shfp acXIw, ipw, Iw, Cp, iwJw, ]mp,
t\{Xw, \oeIaew, N\w, AIn, Ikv Xqcn, tKmtcm
N\, Iqcw, ChtbmsSmw a{nse Hmtcm Ac
Dsmffp ]ehn[ ]mXpw D]]mX
Ipw ia\w ImWpXn\v A\pkvacntXmWv.
GsXmw ]mXIfmsWpw ChnsS kqNnnn
pvtKmlXy,{_lXy, {`qWlXy, hoclXy, ]e
Pfnepw \Snb ]eXcw lXyI kv{XolXy,
KpcplXy, ]nXrlXy, BlXy, Pohnlwk, `
Wn\v D]tbmKsSpm PohnIfpsS lXykz
I XymKw, kzman IrXyfn \nv ]nncnbpI.
[\m]lcW]m]w, ip{Zm`Ww, NmemZnIfpam
bpff tbm\n kw_w.

aq[v \ n {_minJmt hnjv W peemS

cp {Z p n N{mZnXy u I u ip {I
_rlkv]Xo \mkm]ptS Aiz\o ZtmjvTmhpt`
kty apJw acpXx kvXt\w hkzmZbm lrZbw
]P\yx DZmcamImtim \m`nxcn ISncn{Xmo
kL\w {]mPm]Xyapcq ssIemkw aqePm\p\o
hniztZhu PwtL inincx Kpev^ m\n ]rYnho
h \ k v] X y mZ o\ n \ J m\ n al X o A o\ n
\h{Klm AkrIv t XpamwkarXpkmb
ImeZzbame\w kwh tcmXn \ntajmtlm
cm{XanXn hmKvtZhnw icWalw {]]tZy
b CZw Kmb{Xoclkya[otX tX\ EX
kl{kanjvSw `hXn b CZw Kmb{Xo clky
a[otX Znhk IrXw ]m]m \mibXn {]mX
a[ymtbmx jamkIrXym\n]m]m\n \mi

444

I bXn kmbw {]Xc[obmt\m PIrXw ]m]w\m

ibXn b CZw Kmb{Xnclkyw {_mW ]tTX
tX \ K mb{Xy mw jjvTo kl{k emWn
P]vX m\n `hn khm thZm[otXm `hXn
kthjp Xotjp kv\mtXm `hXn A{_
Nmco {_Nmco `hXnhynjp kl{k]m\mXv
]qtXm `hXn AjvSu {_mWm {KmlbnXzm
{_temIw kKXn CXyml `Khm {_m.
bmsXmns incv {_abhpw inJm `mKw
hnjvWphpw eemSw cp{Z\pw IpI kqcyN{mcpw
sNhn ip{ImNmcy\pw _rlkv]Xnbpw cp t{im{X
c{ AizXo Ipamcmcpw ]pw HmjvT fpw
kyIfpw apJhpw hmbp kvX \hpw hkp BZn
lrZbhpw taLw hbdpw, \m`n AKv\nbpw IWmepw
h {]mPm]Xy\pw Ducp ssIemkhpw appI
hniztZhmcpw, ininc Kpev^fpw iwJw almb
XXzhpw AnI \h{Klfpw IpSepI tIXphpw
amwkw EXp knIfpw cpImefpw \ntajhpw
Zn\cm{XfpamWv.

Cu Kmb{Xn A[ym\w sNph\v At\Iw

b \Snb ^eapmIpp. Kmb{Xo clkyw
]Tnnph ]I sNbvX ]m]sfmw \inpp.
Imepw a[ymnepw CXp ]Tnnphs
B d pa mk s ] m] \i n p p. \ nX yh pw
I m e p w s sh I n p w A [ y b \w s N p h s
P]m] \inpp. Kmb{Xoclkyw hmbnp
{_mW\v Kmb{Xo a{ w Adp]Xn\mbncw Dcp
P]nmes ^ew knnpp. Abm kIe thZ
fpw A[yb\w sNbvXh\mbn.Abm kIe Xo
fnepw kv \m\w sNbvX ^ew t\Spp. aZy]m\ ]m]
n \nv ap\mIpp.A`y`W]m]n
tamNnsSpp. {_mNmcnbsnepw {_Nmcn
sm tXPv t\Spp. aZy]m\tZmjw \inpp.
Fp {_mWsc CXv ]Tnnp ]w {_temI
ntev t]mIpp. C{]Imcw {]Pm]Xnbmb {_mhv
]dv a\nemnsmSpp.
Kmb{Xocltkym]\njv kam]np.

Q
3
1tKm]me-]qh-Xm-]n-\yp-]-\n-jv
imn-]mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx irWp-bma tZhm `{Zw
]tiy am-` n-bP{Xmx nssc-c w-s sK-k vX p-phmwk kv X \q- ` nhy- t ia tZh- l nXw bZmbpx
kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \x ]qjm
hniz-thZmx kzkvX n-\ -k vXmtym Acn- -t\anx
kzkvX n t\m _rl-k v] - X nZ-[ mXp Hmw imnx
imnx imnx
tZh-m- sc, R sNhn- I sImv \Xv tIpam-dm-I- tW. Ip- I sImv \Xv ImWp-am-dm-I-tW. kpZrV--fmb AwK--fmepw ico-c- mepw \nsf kvXpXnv
sImn-cn--tW. tZh-m Rv \n-bn-n-p
Bbpp apgp-h\pw R A\p-`- hn- -tW. alm Ionam- \mb C{ Rv A{]-Xn-tcm-[y- K-Xn-bmb Kcp-U
Rv awK-f-a-cp-f-tW. _rl-k]
v Xn Rv awK-fa-c p-f-tW.

1. kn-Zm-\
- -cq-]mb |
IrjvWm-bm-n--Im-cntW |
\tam thZm--th-Zymb |
Kpcth _pn-km-ntW ||
kn-Zm-\--cq-]\pw An--Im-cnbpw thZm-thZy\pw
Kpcphpw _pn-km-n-bp-amb IrjvW\v \a-kI
v m-cw.

2. ap\tbm l ssh {_m-Wa

- qNpx Ix ]c-tamtZhx. IptXm arXyp_n-t`-Xn. Iky hnm-t\\
AJnew `mXn. tIt\Zw hnizw kwk-c-Xo-Xn. XZptlm-hmN {_m {ioIrjvtWm ssh ]c-aw-s sZhXw tKmhn-m- rXypx _nt`Xn tKm]o-P -\ -h - -` m-t\\ XXv mXw `h-Xn. kzmtlZw kc-kzXoXn XZp tlmNp. Ix IrjvtWm tKmhn--tIm
kmhn{Xn tKm]o- P - \ - h - `x Ix, Im kztlXn
Xm\phm {_m, ]m]-ItWm tKm`qan thZ-hn-

445

I ZntXm thZnXm tKm]n-P\m hnZym-Ip-em-t{]-cIx

Xmbm tNXn kIew ]cw {_ss-Xt- Zym-[ym-bXn
ckXn `PXn tkm f artXm `hXn tkm f artXm
`h-X oXn.

Ah tNmZnp [ym\-tbm-Ky-\mb {ioIr-jvW cq]w

F-s \- b mWv? At- l - ns \mam-a r-X -c -k m-b \w
Fs\ km[npw? F-s\-bmWv At-ls `Pn-tXv? Rv Cm-c y--s fmw ]d- p-X -c -W w.
{_mhp ]dp `K-hms [ym\-tbm-Ky-amb cq]w _mes-Xm-W.v tKm]-th-j-amWv Xcp-W\pw Iev]-hr-m- {in-X-\pam-W.v AsX kw_-n tmI- Dv.

Hcn- {_m-hn-t\mSv ap\n-am tNmZn-p. GXp tZhX-bmWv kh-t{i-jSv -am-bn-p-Xv? Bsc-bmWv arXyp `bs-Sp-Xv? BcpsS XXzw \-t]mse {Kln-m khhpw
Xma-c--\pw taLm-`\pw sshZyp-Xmw-_\pw Zzn`pAdn-bm km[n-pp? Cu PKv BcpsS t{]cW
P\pw
m\-ap-{Zm-Vy\pw h\-am-enbpw Cuiz-c\pw tKm]sImmWv Bhm-K-a--fn Id- -n-sm-n-cn-p-Xv?
tKm]
mwK-\m-]-co-X\pw Znhym-e-m-c-bp- \pw cXv\-]-- P-a- [yAXn\v {_mhv Dcw \In kh-t{i-jT
v - tZ-h {ioIrjvW-\m-Wv. Atlw Xs tKmhn- arXyphpw At- K\pw Imfn-n-bnse ioX-f-hm-X -ta-p--h \pw Bb
ls `b-s-Sp-p. tKm]o-P-\-h--`s XXzw {Kln-p-- IrjvWs\ Nnn-p--h kwkmc ZpxJ ap-\m-Ip-p.
h\v Adn-p-Iq-Sm--Xmbn Hpw Dm-hn-. kzmlm-cq-]n- 3. Xky ]p\x ck\m `P\ `qan- p- k w- ] mXx
Wn-bmb amb-bpsS t{]c-W-bm-emWv Cu PK-smw Imam- Zn-Ir-jvW m-tb-t XyIw ]Zw tKmhnm tbXn,
Bhm-K-a\ N{I-n s]v Id-p--Xv. ap\n-am hopw ZznXobw tKmhn-t-t\-X n, XrXobw h-` m-t b-X n,
tNmZn-p. IrjvW-\m-cmWv? tKmhn- BcmWv? tKm]o-P- Xpcobw kzmtl-Xn, ]-a-anXn ]-]Zow {]P-]
\-h--` BcmWv? kzmlm BcmWv? CsXmw ]- dp Xcp- ]mwKw Znhym-`qan kqcym-N-{-aku kmoX{ZqI. {_mhv ]d-p. {ioIr- jvW ]m]-lm-cn-bm-Wv. tKmhn- ]- X bm {_ kw]-Z ytX {_ k- ZyX CXn
m F t]cn Atlw ]ip-, `qan thZ-hmWn XtZj tmIx oan-tXy- h m-Zm-h m-Zmb Irjva mb
Fnh Adn-bp--h-s\ \ne-bn {]kn--\m-b-cn-p-p. tbmKw tKmhn-m-bmX N tKm]o-P-\-h--`mb _rlZv
tKm]o- P-\-h- -`\pw Ahn- Zym- lm- cnbpw `- I-fmb tKm]n- am- cn L\w iymaw XZ-]yp--tctZym KXnkvX kymkvXn
Fmw m\- a-bo- hn- Zy- I-sfbpw Adp- ]-n- \mep Ie- I-sfbpw awp \m\ym KXnx kymZnXn `n-cky `P\w XZn]qo- I-cn- p- - h-\p- am- Wv. At- l-ns ambm- i-n- bmWv lm-a p-t{Xm-] m-[ n-s s\-c m-tiy-s s\-h m- a p-j va n a\x
kzmlm. CsXmw Cuiz- cs cq] Xs. Cs\ {ioIr- Iev]-\-ta-X-tZh N ss\jvIyw IrjvWw kw
jvW-s\ t]cn ]c-{_w Xs- bmWv hnJym-X-\m-bn-p- hn{]m _lp[m bP-n. tKmhnw kw _lp[m
-Xv. At-l-ns cq]w [ym\n-p-Ibpw \maw P]n-p- ck-n. tKm]o-P-\-h-t`m `ph-\m\n Zt{[ kzmlmIbpw sNp-Xv As-n KpW-Io\w sNp-Xv {intXm PK-ssZ-P-bXv kptcXmx hmbp-Xy-ssYtIm
`ph\w {]XnjvtTm Pt\y Pt\y ]-cqt]m _`qBcmtWm Ah Aar- X-Xz- n\v Al-\m- Ip- p.

2. tX tlmNpx, Inw X{Zq]w Inw ck\w IYw

hm f tlm XZv `P-\ w, XXv khw hnhn-j -Zmam
JymloXn XZp tlmhmN sslcmWy tKm]th
aja {`m`w XcpWw Iev]-{Zp-am-k -c v# nXw XZnl
tmImx `hn
kXv ]p-coI \b\w |
taLm`w sshZyp-Xmw-_cw |
Zzn`pPw m\-ap-{ZmVyw |
hm\-am-en-\-ao-izcw |
tKm]-tKm-]mw-K-\m-hnXw |
kpc-{Zp-a -X-em-{inXw |
Znhym-e-m-c-tWm-t]Xw |
cXv\ ]-P-a-[yKw Imfn-o-P-eI
- -tme |
kwKo-am-cpX tkhnXw |
Nn-b tNXkm IrjvWw |
aptm `hXn kwkrtXx |

h. Ir j vW - k vX - s s Y - t Im] n PK- n- X m w
i_vtZmku ]-]tZm hn`m-XoXn
BZn-bn ow F Ima-_oPw shv {ioIr-jvWmb, tKmhn-m-b, tKm]o-P-\h
-
- -`-m-b. Fo aqp ]Z-sfbpw kzmlm klnXw D-cn-p D]m-k-I thKw
Xs {ioIr-jvW-\p-ambn sFIyw t\Sn apn {]m]n-pw.
CXn-\v-CX
- n \np `n-amb asmcp KXn-bp-an- . Atln-ep `n Xs- bmWv `P- \w. km[-I kh t`mtK-Ifpw ssIhn--a-\pw C{n-b-fpw At-l-n Xs
kan-p- -XmWv b`- P\w CXmWv bYm kw\ym- kw.
thZ--m ]e-hn-[-n At-ls D]m-kn-p-p.
kq PKZv kwc-- I-\mb Atlw Xs tKm]o-P-\h--` Atlw Xs kzmlm-[m-cn-Wn-bmb amb-bpsS
in sImv Cu hnizw krn-p. kq {]]-nepw Htc Bmhp Xs. Fm AXv Hmtcm ico-cnepw {]mW XpS-nb Ap cq]--fn can-p-Xp-t]mse {ioIr-jW
v GI-\m-sW- nepw Cu a{-n
Ap \ma- tN-h-\mbn tXmp-p. a{-n
kqNn-n Ap-\m-a-epw Htc IrjvW-s\s {^Xn]m-Zn-p- -Xm-W.v

446

I 4.

tX tlmNpx D]m- k -\ - ta- X ky ]c-am- t\m

tKmhn- ky AJn-e m-[ m-c ntWm {_qlo-X v, Xm\phmN {_m, bky ]oTw sslcWy a-]-emi-a w-_ pPw XZ- -c m-a - e m- { k- b pKw XZ- - c m- _ ymhw hnen-JnX IrjvWmb \ax CXn _oPmVyw
k{_m-Ww cm[m-bm-\ w-K-a\p Kmb{Xnw bYm-hZvhym-h-Py-`q-a-ew aqe thnXw IrXzmw-K-hm-kptZ-hmZn cpIvan-WymZn kzi-o-{mZn hmkp-tZ-hmZn
]mmZn \n[ym-bnXw btPXv kymky {]Xn-]n-`n-cq-]Nm ssckvtX \mkym-Jnew `h-X y-Jnew
`h-X oXn

ap\nam hopw tNmZnp. hniz-n-s\mw B[m-c-`qX-\mbn IrjvWs\-s\-bmWp ]mkn-t-Xv AXv hnhcn-p-I--A-Xp-tIv {_mhv Irjvas\ hnv ]dp
]oT-n kz Iaew \nn-Ww AXn Fp-Z- f-fp-m-bn-cn--Ww. AXns \Spv cp {XotIm-W-
AS-bm-f-s-Sp--Ww. Ah ]c-kv]cw tNn-cn--Ww.
Cs\ Bdp-tIm-W
- \nn-p-I. tImW--en
nXn sNp In-Ib
- n kIe A`o--fpw km[nn-p Ima-_oPw AS-bm-f-s-Sp--Ww ]ns Hmtcm
tImWnepw nw _oP-bp--amb IrjvWmb \ax {Ia-ambn
Hmtcm A-c-ambn Fgp-XWw {_-a-{hpw Ima-Km-b{Xnbpw FgpXn Fp h{P--fm Bth-n-X-amb ]rYzn
aew \nn--Ww. ]ns AwK hmkp-tZ-h cpIvaWn, C{, hkp-tZ-h, ]m, \n[n Fnh Am-hc- W- tNv ]qPn-- Ww. aqp ky- I-fnepw tjmUim-Nmc ]qP-I aptJ\ {ioIr-jvWs\ ]qPn--Ww.

5. XZnl tmImx `hn

GtIm hio khKx IrjvW CuUyx |
GtIm]n k _lp[m thm hn`mXn Xw |
]oTw tb f \p`-Pn [ocm |
kvtXjmw kpJw imizXw t\X-tcjmw |
\ntXym \nXym\mw tNX-\-t-X-\m\mw
GtIm _lq\mw tbm hnZ-[mXn Imam |
Xw ]oTKw f tb\pb-Pn hn{]m
kvtXjmw knnx imizXnx t\X-tcjmw |
GXZv hnjvtWmx ]caw ]Zw tb |
\ntXym-Zypm kwb-Pt \ ImamXv |
tXjm-aku tKm]-cq]x {]b-Xv\mXv |
{]Im-i-tb-Zm--]Zw XssZh ||

-h\pw \nXy-cn \nXy\pw ssNX-\y--fn ssNX-\y-\pamb B IrjvWs\ app ]d ]oT- n {]Xn-jvTn-Ww. As\ At-ls An-p--h ]c-a-kn-nv
A[n-Im-cn-I-fm-Ip-p. hnjvWp-hns ]c-a-]-Z-cq-]-n-ep
Cu a{w \nXyhpw sNmp-Ibpw ]qPn-p-Ibpw sNp-hv tKm]-cq-]n-bmb IrjvW Xs ]c-a-]Zw s]sp
Xs Imn-sm-Sp-pw.

6. tbm {_mWw hnZ-[mXn ]qhw |

tbm hnZym-kvXkvssa tbm]-bXn kvaIrjvWx |
Xw l tZhm hrn {]Imiw |
apap-pssh ic-W-aapw {htPXv |
HmwIm-tc-Wm--cnXw tbm P]Xn |
tKmhn-ky ]-]Zw a\pw Xw |
Xssky-hmku Zitb Zm-cq]w |
Xkvam-p-ap-p-c-`y-tk-n-Xy-imssy |
GX kvamZ-t\y-]
- -]Z- m-Z-`q-h |
tKmhn-ky a\thm am\-hm\mw |
Zimm-ZymkvtX A]n kw{I--\mssZy
c`y-kt `qan-Im-ssab-Ym-hXv ||
krn-p-apv {_m-hns\ krnv At-l-n\v
thZ-m\w \In At-l- s- smv kma-Km\w Be]n-nv kIe Pohn-Ipw _pn-{]-Imiw \In hncmPn-p `K-hm IrjvWs\ apap-p- icWw {]m]np-p. `K-hm tKmhn-s ]-]-Zo-a{w Hmw Imcw
tNv P]n-p km[-I\v Xma-kn-bmsX At-l-ns
Zi-\-ap-m-Ip-p. AXn-\m kwkm-c-_-- n \nv
tamN\w B{K-ln-p km[-I \nXy-im-n-mbn apIfn kqNn-n--a{w Xs P]n--Ww. Cu ]-]Z- o-a-{n \np Xs-bmWv Zim-- cmZn ap-a-{- Dmbn-p--Xv. B Fm-a-{-fpw a\p-jyv awKfw ssIhcp- p--h-bmWv sFizcyw B{K- ln- p C{mZn tZh- m
B a{- Xs-bmWv P]np sImn-cn-p--X.v

XtZ-Xky kzcq-]mw hmNm thZ-tbXn tX

]{]-p-kvXZp tlmhmN {_mWx A\-h-cXw tbm
[ymX-kvXXx ]c-ammt tkm f _p[yX tKm]thtjm ta ]c-kvXm-Zm-hn_-`qh XXx {]WtXm
abm A\p- I q- t e\ lrZm aly- a m Zimw
kzcq]w krtb ZXzm AlnX CXn ]q\x
hnkr- mta {]mZp-c -` q-t-j z- -tcjp `hn-jyZv
PK-{Zq]w {]Im-i-bw-kvX-Zm-l, A\p-Iq-te\ lrZm
kh-K\pw ]qP-\o-b\pw GI-s\-nepw At\-IYm al y- a - m- Z - i mw k zcq]w kr tb ZX zm
{]tim-`n-p--h-\p-amb `K-h-ems\ `Pn-p--hmWv AlnX CXn BIm-i m- Zmt]m PemXv ]rYzn
imiz-X-kpJw ap--h-. imiz-X\pw \nXy\pw khm- XtXm f n_n-tm-cnpx XXv km-Zm-Zx CXn
-cym-an-bp-amb `K-hms\ bPn-p--hmWv imn ap- owIm- c m-Z -k rPw IrjvW m- Zm-I miw JmZzm- b pcn
-h-. Fm km[-I-cp-sSbpw A`n--]qn hcp-p- Xyp-cmXv kpc`n hnZym {]mZp-c m-Ijw XZp--

447

I cmp kv{Xo]p-amZn N CZw kIe anZw kI-e-an-ZanXn GX sskyh bP-t\\ N{ ZztPm KXtam
lam-m\w thZ-bntXzmwImcm-c \mfnIw a\p-amh\w kwK- c -l ntXm f Xym]-X - -Z znjv tWm
]caw ]Zw kZm ]iyXn kqcbx ZnZoh Np-cmXXw Xkvam-tZ-X- n-X y-a-` y-tk-ZnXn XZm-l p-tctI
bky {]Y-a-]-ZmXv `qanZzm-bp--c-amXv thymtaXn
sshjvWhw ] hymlr-Xn-abw a{w IrjvWm
h`mkw ssIh-ey-krssXy kXX amh-tb-ZnXn
XZ{X KmYm

cmw D]-\n-jv
1. Hmw \tam hniz-cq-]mb |
hniz-n-Xy tlXth |
hntiz-iz-cmb hnizmb |
tKmhn-mb \tam \ax ||

hniz-cq- ]\pw hniz-kr-n-n-Xn-kw-lmc tlXp-hp- amb

tKmhn-\v \a-kvIm-cw.

2. \tam hnm-\-cq-]mb |

bky ]qh-]-ZmZv `qan

]c-am-\--cq-]ntW |

ZznXo-bmXv ken-tem-hx |

IrjvWmb tKm]o-\m-Ymb |

XrXo-bmXv tXP DZv`qXw |

tKmhn-mb \tam \ax ||

NXpmXv K-hm-N\x |
]-am-Zw-_-tcmev]n |

hnm-\-cq- ]\pw ]c-am-\--cq-]n-bp-amb tKmhn-\v \akvIm-cw.

Xkvssa-thIw ka-`y-tkXv |

3. \ax Ia-et- \-{Xmb |

N{-[ztPm f Ka-ZznjvtWmx |

\ax Ia-ea
- m-ent\ |

]caw ]Z-a-hybw |

\ax Ia-e\
- m-`mb |

XtXm hnipw hnaew |

Ia-em-]X
- tb \ax ||

hntim-I-a-ti-j-tem-`mZn
\nckvX kwKaw bZv |
]Zw ]-]Zw XtZh k |
hmkp-tZthm \ btXm-\y-ZkvXn ||
XtaIw tKmhnw kn-Zm-\ hn{Klw ]]Zw hrm-ht\ kpc-`q-cp-l-X-em-ko\w kXXw kacp-ZvKtWm f lw ]c-abm kvXpXy tXmj-bman
{_mhv ]dp `K-hms\ kvXpXnv Rms\s ]cam-bpv hn\n-tbm-Kn--tm F\nv At-l-ns tKm]th-j-[m-cn-bmb cq]-Zi\w e`n-p. Atlw F\nv AmZ-i m-c a{w D]-tZ-in tijw krnv t{]cW
\In. Rm Cu a{-nse "I' F A-c-m
Pe-sbpw "e' sImv ]rYzn-sbbpw "Cu' sImv Ansbbpw A\p-kzm-c-m N{-s\bpw "ow' sImv kqcys\bpw krn-p. a{-nse cmw ]Z-amb IrjvWmb
FXp sImv BIm-i-sbpw hmbp-hn-s\bpw tKmhnmb F-Xp-sImv Ima-t[-\p-hn-s\bpw thZ--sebpw
tKm]o-P-\h
-
- -`mb F-Xn-\m kv{Xo ]pcp-j-m-scbpw
krn-p. HSp-hn-es kzmlm F ]Z-m Ncm-N-c-{]]-s krn-p. Cu Am--c-a-{-m-emWv ]v
N{-[z-P-cm-Pmhv taml-c-ln-X- \mbn ]q-amb B-m\- n\v A[n- Im- cn- bm- bn- o-Xv. Cu a{-m `K-hm
IrjvWs tKmtem-I-[maw {]m]n-m Ign-bpw.

Ia- e - t\-{ X\pw Ia- e - a m-e nbpw Ia- e - \ m-` -\ p- a mb

IrjvW\v \a-kI
v m-cw.

4. _l-]o-Um-`n-cm-amb |
cmam-bm-IpWvT ta[tk |
cam-am-\-k-lw-kmb |
tKmhn-mb \tam \ax ||
abn ]oen-b-Wn--h\pw cam am\-k-lw-k-\p-amb
tKmhn-\v \a-kvIm-cw.

5. Iwk-hw-i-hn-\m-imb |
tIin-Nm-Wqc LmXnt\ |
hrj-Z-`-[z-P-h-ymb |
]m-km-c-Ytb \ax ||
Iwk-tI-in-Nm-Wp-cm-Zn-I-fpsS lmhpw ]m-km-cYn-bp-amb IrjvW\v \a-kI
v m-cw.

6. thWp-hm-Z-\-io-emb |
tKm]m-em-bm-ln-ant\ |
Imfn-o-Ip-e-tem-emb |
teme Ip-e-[m-cntW ||
thWp-h m-Z -\ - i o-e \pw Imfno Xoc-i m-e - \ p-a mb
IrjvW\v \a-kI
v m-cw.

Cu a{w-sImp kvXpXn-p-I.

448

I 7. h-ho-\-b\mw t`mP |

kwkmc kmKtc aw |
amap-c PKZv Kptcm ||

ames\ \rXy-im-ent\ |
\ax {]W-X-]m-emb |
{ioIr-jvWmb \tam \ax ||

tl cpIvan-Wo-Im-, kwkm-ck
- m-Kc
- -a--\mb Fs
D-cn--tW.

{]W-X-]m-e\pw tKm]o at\m-l-c-\p-amb I\v \akvIm-cw.

8. \ax ]m]-{]m-imb tKmh-\[

- -cmb N |
]qX-\m-Po-hn-Xm-ymb |
XrWm-hky lmcntW |
]m] {]Wm-i\pw XrWm-hmZn lm-hp-amb
IrjvW\v \a-kI
v m-cw.

9. \njvI-fmb hntam-lmb |
ipm-bm-ip sshcntW |
AZzn-Xo-bmb altX |
{ioIr-jvWmb \tam \ax ||
\njvIf
- \pw Aip--ssh-cn-bpw-amb {ioIr-jW
v \v \akvIm-cw.

10-. {]ko-Z-]-c-am-\ |
{]ko-Z-]-c-ta-izc |
B[n-hym-[n-`p-Pw-tK\ |
Zw amap-c {]t`m ||
{]km-Zn-p-I. B[n-hym-[n-I-fmb k-m ISn-s Fs Dcn-p-I.

11. {ioIrjvW cpIvan-Wo-Im |

tKm]o-P -\-a-t\m-lc |

12. tIih ti-l-cW |

\mcm-bW P\m\ |
tKmhn ]c-am-\ |
amw kap--c-am-[hx ||
ti-l-c-W-\mb P\m-\, am[-h, Fs D-cn-ptW.

AY sslhw kvXpXn-`n-cm-cm-[-bman tX bqbw

XYm ]-]Zw P]x {ioIrjvWw [ymbx kw
krXnw Xcn- j y- tY- X n. k tlmhmN ssNcWyx
Aapw ]-]Zw a{-am-h--tbZyx k bmXy\m
bmkXx tIhew XXv At\- P - t ZIw a\tkm
Photbm ss\Z-thmx B]v\p-h ]qh-aj-ZnXn
XkvamXv IrjvW Gh ]tcm tZhx Xw [ymtbw
ctkw `tPm `tP-ZntXymw XXv kZnXn CXyp]-\ n-j-v.
ap\n- t{i- jvT- m- sc, Rm kvXpXn-p- -Xp- t]mse Xs
\nfpw Cu a{- m {ioIr- jvWs\ Bcm-[nv kwkmc
kmKcw XcWw sNp-hn. Cu a{w P]n-p--h `Kmhs ]c-a-]Zw {]m]n-p-p. tZh-X-amv AhnsS hsc
Fm km[n-n-. AXn-\m kZw IrjvW-s\-s
[ym\np-hn. a{- P-]-m At-l-ns \mam-ar-X-amkz-Znv hnap--cm-Ip-hn.
tKm]m-e-Xm-]n-\yp-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

Q
3
NXptht
Zm]
\
nj
v
1
1. AYmtXm atlm]\njZtah bZml GtIm
l s s h \ mc m bW B k oX v \ {_ m \
Cuimt\m \m t]m\mn \ hmbpx t\taZymhm
]rYnho \ \{XmWn \ kqcyx k GImIo
\c Gh Xky [ym\mky eemSmXv tkz
tZm] f XXv Xmx Camx B]x Xm GtX t\m

lncWyab aw X{X {_m NXpaptJm PmbX

k]qhm`naptJm `qXzm `qcn Xn hymlrXn Kmb{Xo
Ox EtKzZx ] nam`naptJ m `mX zm`qc nXn
{XnjvSp`O bpthZ Dm`naptJm `qtXzm
`phcnXn hymlrXncm\pjvSp` Otm AYh thZx
CXn\v atlm]\njsp ]dbpp. Ghpw

449

I BZyw GI\mb \mcmbW am{Xta Dmbncppffp.

{_mthm inht\m Hpw Dmbncpn. hmbpthm
]rYnhntbm BImitam \{Xtfm kqcyt\m Hpw
Dmbncpn. B GI\mb \c am{Xw. [ym\mhn
X\mb Atlns s\nbn \nv hnbsmgpIn.
AXmWv CmWp Pecmin. AsXpSv Aap
mbn.\mep apJtmSp IqSnb {_mhpmbn. Atlw
]qhm`napJ\mbn; `q F hymlrXn Kmb{Xn Opw
bpthZhpw Dmbn. Dm`napJ\mbn. `phx F
hymlrXnbpw PKXo Opw kmathZhpw P\np. Ah
km\w ZnWm`napJ\mbn PKZv F hylrZnbpw A\
jvSp]v Opw AYh thZhpw Dmbn.

1.

kl{k iojw tZhw I

kl{kmw hniz kw`hw
hnizXx ]caw \nXyw I
hnizw \mcmbWw lcnw

2.

hniztathZw ]pcpj I
Xw hnizap]PohtX I
Ejnw hntizizcw tZhw I
kap{Zw Xw hnizcq]nWw.

3.

]Zva tImi{]XoImiw I
ew_XymImikn`w I
lrZtbNm]yt[mapJw I
khIrXzmh XnjvTXn

4.

Xkyat[y hm\ninJm I
AWotbm[zm hyhnX
k {_m k inthm hnjvWp I
tkmcx ]cax kzcmSv

Bbncw incpIfpw Bbncw IpIfpw Dffh\pw

hnizns Dev ]n ImcWhpw kh{X hym]Ihpw
Bb lcn \mcmbW F \man {]kn\mWv.
Ejn kzcq]\pw {]]ns Imhpw kap{Zimbn
bpamb Atls B{ibnv temIw ]pecpp. Iae
tImin\p Xpeyw tim`mbam\hpw At[mapJhpamb
AXns a[yn \mep`mKpw hym]np An
Pzmebpv. B inJbpsS a[ynemWv ]cammhv \ne
sImffpXv. {_mshpw inhs\pw hnjvWpshpw
]dbpsXpw B Hcp ssNX\yamWv. AXv kzbw
{]Imihpw kzX{hpw kh ihpamIpp.

5. b Camw atlm]\njZw {_tWm f [otX

At{im{Xnb t{im{Xntbm `hXn A\p]\oXx
D] \ o tX m `h X n tk m n] qtX m `h X n k
hmbp]qtXm`hXn k kqcy]qtXm `hXn k tkma
]qtXm `hXn k kXy]qtXm `hXn kh thZ

mtXm `hXn kthjp Xotjp kv\mtXm

`h X n tX \ k s s h {I X p `nc nj vSw `h X n
CXnlmk ]pcmWm\mw kl{]mWm P]vX m\n
`h n {] Whm\mabp Xw P] v X w `h Xn B
Npjx ]wn ]p\mXn B kv]vX amXv ]pcpjw
]p\mXn Pmt]y\ AayXXzw N KXn Aay XXzw
N KXn CXyml `Khm lncWy K`x

Cu atlm]\njv sNp {_mW At{im{Xnb\msWn t{im{Xnb I ImWvU ]WvUnX\mbn

`hn pp. A\p]\oX\msWn D]\oX\mbn
`hnpp. Ah An ]hn{X\pw , hmbp]hn{X\pw,
kqcy]hn{X\pw tkma]hn{X\pw, kXy]hn{X\pambn
ncpp. Ahs\ kIe tZhmcpadnbpp. Ah
kIeXofnepw kv\m\w sNbvX ^eambn. Fm
b fpw \S nbXns ^e w Inn. A h
Adp]Xn\mbncw Dcp Kmb{Xn P]n ^eambn. Ah
CXnlmk ]pcmW At\I {]mhiyw hmbnp
Ignp. ]Xn\mbncw Dcp {]Whw P]np. tIhew
Zi\w sImv At\ImbncfpsS ]pWyw AIpp.
Ggp Xeapdbn s] hsc Ah Dcnpp.
\n bamb pw A h A ar XXzw {]m] n ps av
lncWyK` ]dp.

6. tZhm l ssh kzw temIambkvtX tZhm

Du[z _mlthm cp{Zw kvXphn `qkmhmZn\
[yw `phkvXp kzkvtX iojw hnizcqt]m fkn
{_ I k vX zm Z z n[ m {X n [ m i m\ y k vX zw
lpXalpXw ZaZw khakhw hniz
ahnizw IrXaIrXw ]ca]cw ]mcmbWw N kzw
A]ma tkmaahrXm A`qamKtPymXnchn ZmatZhm \a kzma [qt{hXw arXw ayw N
tk ma k qc y ] q h w P K nX h m b Z c w
{]mPm]Xyw tkmbw kqvaw {Kmlw {KmtlW
`mh w `mth \ k uay w k utay \ k q vaw
kqv t aW {KknXw Xkv s sa alm{Kmkmb
\tam a\x I
tZhm kz temIn \nv hv ssI
Dbn cp{Zs\ kvXpXnpsImv ]dp AbpsS
BZn `qtemIhpw a[yhpw `qh temIhpw incv
kztmIhpamIpp. Av hnizcq]\mWv . Av
GIamb {_mamWv. Zznhn[hpw {Xnhn[hpw in
lpXhpamb tlma sNbv X p. At\Iw \In,
\Inbn. khhpw, Akhhpw, hnizhpw, Ahnizhpw
\InbXpw \ImXpw kIeXpwAp Xs.
Rv tkmam]m\m AarXXzw e`ns.
tZhtZh, Av \akv Imcw. arXw AarXw kXyw
AkXyw khhpw Ap Xs. {Kmls {Kmlw
sImpw `mhs `mhwsImp kuays kuayw

450

I sImpw kqvas kqaw sImpw B altPv

{KknXampp. alm {Kmksbpw {KknXamp B

]cammhn\v \akvImcw.

NXpthtZm]\njv kam]np.

Nmp-tjm-]-\n-jv

A Y mX N m p a ow ] T nX k n h n Z y mw
NptcmKlcmw hymJymkymax bptcmKm
kth \iyn Nptjm Zo]vX n `hnjyXn
Xkymx Nmpjo hnZymb Aln _p[v\y Ejnx
Kmb{Xo Oxkq#v t bm tZhXm NqtcmK\n
htb Pt]mhn\ntbmKw Hmw Npx Npx
Npx tXPx ntcm `h amw ]mln ]mln.XzcnXw
Np tcmKm iab iabX aw PmX cq]w
tXtPmZibZib bYm f lw Atm\kymw
XYm Iev]b Iev]b IeymWw Ipcp Ipcp bm\n
aa ]qhPm tXm]mPnXm\n Npx {]Xntcm
[ZpjvI rXm\n khmWn \naqeb \naqeb
Xapkv tXtPmZmt{X Znhymb `mkv I cmb
Hmw \ax kqcymb Hmw \tam `KhtX kqcym
bmn tXPtk \ax Xatk \ax AktXmam
kXv K ab Xatkmam tPymXnKabartXymam
AarXwKab DjvtWm `Khm ipNncq]x b Camw
Npjv]tXmhn Zymw {_tWm \nXy a[otX
\ Xkymn tcmtKm \ `hXn \ XkyIpte
Atm `hXn AjvSu {_mWm {KmlnbnXzm
hnZymknn `hXn
sNmpXpsImp am{Xw ^eknnhcp Nmpjo hnZy hnhcnmw. Cu hnZy t\{X tcmKsf iannpXmWv. t\{XfpsS tXPv hnnm {]tbmP\sSpXpamWv. Aln_p[v\yXmWv. Cu hnZybpsS
Ejn, Ov, Kmb{Xn, tZhX, kqcy\pw. CXns hn\ntbmKw t\{XtcmKia\n\mbnmIpp.
tl kqcytZh, Ap Npn Npns
tXPns ncamtW. Fs cntW. Fs
t\{XtcmKw thKn Xs ianntW. Xs
kzabamb tXPv F\nv ImnctW. Rm
A \mImXncnm th Xv sNtW. awKfw
sNtW. Fs Zi\ in \innm\nS hcpnb

GtXsXmw ]m]fptm Ahsbms \inntW.

t\{XtXtPm ZmbI\mb `Khm `mkvIc\v \akvImcw.
IcpWmab\mb AarXkzcq]\v \akvImcw. kqcytZh\v
\akvImcw t\{Xn\v {]Imiw \Ip kqcy\mcmbW\v \akvImcw. IcpWmIc\pw A\rX\pw AntXP
pw tJNc\pw kXzcPkvXtamcq]\pamb kqcytZh\v
\akvImcw. {]t`m, Fs Akn \nv kntev
\bnmepw. arXyphn \nv {]Imintev \bn
mepw. arXyphn \nv AarXntev \bnmepw
DjvW\mb `Khm ipNnkzq]\pw lwk\mb `Khm
ipNn{hXncq]\pamIpp.bmsXmcp {_mW\v Cu
NmpjvaX hnZy \nXyhpw A[yb\w sNpp Ah\v
An tcmKw DmIpn. Ahs Ipen A\p
mIpn. Fp {_mWmsc ]Tnnm hnZymknn
`hnpp.

Hmw hnizcq]w LrWn\w PmXthZkw

lncWbw ]qcpjw tPymXncq]w X]w
hnizky tbm\nw {hX]ap{Kw
]pcx {]Pm\apZbtXyj kpcy
Hmw \tam `KhtX BZn Xymb Atlmhm
ln\ytlmhml\o kzmlm Hmw hbw kp]m
D]tkZpcn{w {]nbta[m Ejtbm \m[am\mx
A][zm ]qWw ln ItcmXp Npx tZhw
Xzmtah icWyw {]]tZy I
]pWvU coImmb \ax I
]pjvI tcWmb \ax I
AateWmb \ax I
IateWmb \ax I
hnizcq]mb \ax I
alm hnjvWpth \ax I

451

`Kh\mb kqcy knZm\ kzcq]\pw hnizm

I\p XsInWfm AXyw tim`nX\pw tPymXn
kzcq]\pw lncWvab PKns Dev]n m\hpw
]pcpjn Pzenph\pamWv As\bpff tXtPmcq]\mb kqcy\v \akvImcw. Bdp hn[nepff sFizcymepw k\mb `Khm kqcy\v \akvImcw.
Atlns {]` Znhkn\v alXzw \Ipp.

kqcy`Khm\v R BlpXnI Ans. EjnI

t{ijvT ]fpff ]nIsftmse Atlns
ASpsn {]mnpp:- ""`Khms\ Cu AImcs ZqcnempI. Rsfmw Xtamab _\ns]pgepp. Znhy{]Imiw \Inbmepw. ]pWvUcoIm\pw, ]pjvItcW\pw, AateW\pw, Iate
W\pw, hnizcq]\pw, almhnjv Wp kzcq]\pamb
Av \akvImcw.

Nmptjm]\njv kam]np.

Pm_m-e-Zi-t\m-]-\n-jv 3

tb\ hnm-X-am-t{XW |
Poh-ptm `hm-aylw ||
Hmw B]ym- b p aamw- K m\n hmIv {]mWpx t{im{X-atYm _e-an-{n-bmWn N khmWn 4. kmwIrtX irWp hyman |
khw {_tm-]-\n-jZw amlw {_ \ncm-Ipcymw
tbmKw kmmwK Zi\w |
am am {_ \ncm-I-tcm-Z-\n-c-I-c-W-a-kvXz-\n-cm-I-cWw
ba \nb-a-ssh |
ta f kvXp XZm-\n \nctX b D]-\n-jp [m
sshm-k-\t- ah N ||
kvtX abn kp tX abn kp Hmw imnx imnx
5. {]mWm-bm-a-kvXY
- m-{_- |
imnx
{]Xym-lm-c-kvXXx ]cw |
Fs AwK- ]pn {]m]n-tW. hmv {]mW
[mcWm N XYm [ym\w |
t\{Xw t{im{Xw _ew C{n-b
- Chbpw ]pn {]m]nkam-[o-m-Iw apt\ ||
tW. CXv D]-\n-j-Zp--amb {_-am-W.v Rm AXns\
\ncm-I-cn-m-Xn-cn--tW. {_w Fs \ncm-I-cn-m-Xn-cn-- 6. Alnwkm kXy-a-kvtXbw |
tW. F\npw {_-n\pw Xn At`-Zy-amb _w
{_-Ncyw ZbmPhw |
Dm-Ip-am-dm-I-tW. Fn D]-\n-j-Zp---fmb [am [rXnan-Xm-lmcx |
\ne-sIm--tW. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
iuNw ssNh bamx Zi ||
1. Zm-t{Xtbm alm-tbmKo |
kIe Pohn-I -fp-sSbpw Dev]
- npw kwc--W`K-hm `qX-`m-h\x |
n\p Imc-W-`q-X\pw NXp_-lp- hp- amb `K- hm hnjvWp
NXp`ptPm alm-hn-jvWp |
-tbm-Kn-bmb Zm-t{X-b-\mbn Ah-X-cn-p. At-l-ns
tbmKn km{am-Pym-Zo-nXx ||
injy-\mb kmwIrXn aljn Kpcp-`--\m-bn-cp-p. Hcp
Znhkw Atlw Zm-t{X-bs\ ]cn-Nc
- nv ssIIqn Adn2. Xky intjym ap\n-hcx |
bn
p.
`Kh
ms\
Fs
AmwK
t
bmKw
hnkvX-cnv ]dp
kmwIr-Xn\ma `n-am |
tIn--Ww. AX-dn-m F\nv Poh-p--\m-Im
]{] Kpcp-ta-Imt |
km[n-pw. Zm-t{X-b ]d-p. kmwIr-Xn, Rm
{]mRvP-en-bn h\n-bm-\znXx ||
Amw-K-tbmK Zi\w D]-tZ-in-mw. tbmK-n baw,
\nb-aw, Bk-\w, {]mWm-bm-aw, {]Xym-lm-cw, [ym\w, [mc3. `K-h {_qln ta bmKw |
W, kam[n Fv Fv AwK--fp-v. Ch-bn ba-n\v
kmmwKw k {]]-Iw |
imn-]mTw

]p hn`mKw `hn-p-p. kXyw, Alnw-k, AkvtX-bw,

452

I Zb, BP-hw, {_-N-cyw, a, [rXn, anXm-lm-cw, _mlyhpw, A`y--c-hp-amb iuNw.

7. thtZm-t\ {]Im-tcW |
hn\m kXyw Xt]m-[\ |
Imtb\ a\km hmNm |
lnwkm-lnwkm \ Nm\yYm ||
8. Bm kh-KtXm f ttZym |
\ {Kmly CXn ta aXnx |
km Nmlnwkm hcm t{]mm |
apt\ thZm thZn`nx ||
9. Np-cm-Zn-{n-ssbZrw |
{ipXw {LmXw ap\o-izcm |
Xssky-thm-n`-thXv kXyw |
hn{] Xm-\yYm `thXv ||
10. khw kXyw ]cw {_ |
\ Nm\y-ZnXn bm aXnx |
X kXyw hcw t{]mw |
thZm--m\ ]mcssKx ||
11. A\y-Zotb XrtW cXvt\ |
Imt\ auntI f ]n N |
a\km hn\n-hr-nbm |
XZ-kvtXbw hnZp_p[mx ||
12. B-\yp-\m--`m-th\ |
hyh-lmc hnhPnXw |
b-Z-kvtX-b -an-Xyp |
am-hn-Z v`na-lm-atX ||
13. Imtb\ hmNm a\km |
kv{XoWmw ]cn-hn-hP\w |
EXu `mcymw XZm kzky |
{_-Ncyw XZp-NytX ||
14. {_-`mth a\-mcw |
{_-Ncyw ]c-] |
15. kzm-hXv kh-`q-tXjp |
Imtb\ a\km Kncm |
A\pm km Zbm sskh |
t{]mm thZm thZn`nx ||
thtZm- - a mb {]Im-c - s am- g nsI a\km hmNm
IWm Bsc-sb- nepw D]-{Z-hn-p-Itbm Ahs {]mWsf tZl-n \nv ths]- Sp-p- Itbm sNp ]w

AXp-Xs lnwk. CXn \n `n-ambn asmcp lnwkbn-. Fm-bn-Sp hym]n-n-cn-p Bm-hns\ ikv{Xw
sImv apdn-mt\m {Kln-mt\m km[y-a-. thZm-- th-Zy\mb al-p- Cs\ A`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-p. IpI
sImp IXpw sNhn sImp tIXpw aW-n-Xpw
As-n A\p-`q-X-hp-amb hnj-b-s- n Hfn-msX ]dbp--XmWv kXyw. kXy-kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-am-mhp XsbmWv khm cq]vX- Xn kXyw. ]c-am-m-hn \n
`n-ambn Hcp hkvXphpw kXy-am-bn-n-. thZm-- -m
kh-t{i-jvT-amb kXyw Fp ]d-n-p-Xpw AXp
Xs- bm-W.v A\y-cpsS [\w cXv\w apv ]hngw kzw
XpSn sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb hkvXp--fn a\v {]thin-m-Xn-cn-p--XmWv AkvtX-bw. {]]--nse kIe
hyh-lm-c--enepw A\m _pn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Ah Bmhn \npw `n-amWv Fp am\n-p--XmWv AkvtX- bw.
Fv m\n-I ]d-bp-p. a\km hmNm IWm \mcokw- K- ]- cn-Xym-Ktam kz]- Xv\n- bn Xs EXp- Im-ep am{Xw.
[- _pym kwKw sNp-Itbm BWv {_-N-cyw.
Asn Ima-t{Im-[m-Zn-Isf \nb-{nv a\-ns\ ]c-am- [ym-\-n Xs ebn-n-p-I-bmWv kh-t{i-jT
v -amb
{_- Ncyw Fm Pohn-Ifpw Xs- tm-se-bm-sWp IcpXn
a\p sImtm hmp sImtm icocw sImtm AhtbmSv Bo-b-`mhw ImWn-p-I-bmWv Zbbmbn thZm
thZn-I ]d-bp--Xv.

16. ]pt{X ant{X Ift{X N |

cn]u kzm\n kXw |
GI-cq]w apt\ b |
ZmPhw t{]mNy tX abm ||
17. Imtb\ a\km hmNm |
i{Xp`nx ]cn-]o-UntX |
_pn-tm-`\
- n-hnbm |
am km ap\n-]pw-Kh ||
18. thZm-tZh hn\ntamx |
kwkm-cky \ Nm\yYm |
CXn hnm-\-\n-jv]-n |
[rXn t{]mm ln sshZnssIx |
Al-amm \ Nmt\ymkvao |
tXyh-a-{]-NypXm aXnx ||
19-. Aev]-ar-m-i\
- m`ymw N |
NXpmw-im-h-t i-jIw |
Xkvam-tXym-Km-\p-Kp-tWy\ |
t`mP\w anX-t`m-P\w ||
]p{X If-{Xw, i{Xp, an{Xw, Fn-h-cnepw kzmmhnepw kam-\-`mhw ImWn-p-I-bmWv BP-hw. i{Xp-

453

I aptJ\ a\-p-sImtm hmp sImtm icocw sImtm

am-m-s\m-p-an-. m\-ns ]cn-ipn ssIsh-Snv

Fs-nepw ]oU-\-ap-m-bm Nn-nepw _pn-bnepw _mly-ip-n-bn {`a-p hyn kzw Dt]-nv
teiw t]mepw tm`w Dm-Im-Xn-cn-p-I- bmWv a. {]]- aI B{K-ln-p aqV\v Xpey-\m-Wv. m\m-arX
-n Pohn-Iv apn knn-p-Xv thZm-\p-Iqeyw Xr]vX-\ mb tbmKnv Cu temI-n Hpw Xs
sImm-Wv. CXn \npw `n-ambn ad-A-sdmcp {]Im-c- sNm Ah- ti- jn-n-n- . A-s\-bp tbmKn XXz-mnepw apn Inp-Ib
- n-s ZrV-\ n- -b-s-bmWv \n-bm-Wv. B-m-\n-I-fmb alm-mv aqp temIm\n- I [rXn Fv ]d-bp--Xv. Xm Bm- hm- sWpw nepw Hpw sNt-- Xm-bn-n-. AXn-\m apt\ Xm
- m A\p-`-h-m\w t\Sn Cu
Bm-hn \nv A\y-ambn Hp-an-s- p-ap AN-e Alnw-kmZn km[-\-If
hrn- bmWv kthm-XvIr--amb [rXn. kmXzn-Ia
- mb Bmhv {_-kz-cq-]hpw Ahn- \m- in- bp- am- sWv [cn- p- I.
Aw Aev]-am-{X- bn Ign-p-I, hb-dns ]IpXn `mKw
Aw sImp Im `mKw Pew sImpw \ndv Im cmw Jw
`mKw Hgn-n-Sp--XmWv anXm- lm- cw. tbmKm-\p-Iq-e-am-bXv anXm- 1. X]x ktm-j-am-kvXnIyw |
lm-c-am-W.v

20. kztZ-l-a-e-\ntmx |
ar-em`ymw alm-apt\ |
bZv LuNw `thZv _mlyw |
am\kw a\\w hnZx |
Alw ip CXn m\w |
iuN-am-lpa-\o-jnWx ||
21. AXy--a-ent\m tZtlm |
tZlo NmXy--\nex |
D`-tbm-c-cw mXzm |
Xky iuNw hn[o-btX ||
22. m\ iuNw ]cn-XyPy |
_mtly tbm catX \cx |
k aqVx Im\w Xyzm |
temjvTw KrlvWmXn kp{hX ||
23. m\m-ar-tX\ Xr]vXky |
IrX-Ir-Xyky tbmKn\x |
\ NmkvXn Inw NnXv Ihy |
akvXn tN k XXz-hnZv ||
24. temI-{Xtb f ]nIhyw |
InwNn-m-kvXy--th-Zn\mw |
25. XkvamXv kh-{]-b-Xvt\\ |
apt\ f lnwkm-Zn-km-[ss\x |
Bm-\-a--cw {_ |
hnn m\mp thZ-\mXv ||

Zm\-ao-izc ]qP\w |
knm--{i-hWw ssNh |
{loa-Xn Pt]m {hXw ||
2. GtX N \nbamx t{]mm |
kvXm hyman {IamXv irWp ||
3. thtZm-t\ {]Im-tcW |
Ir{-Nm-{m-b-Wm-Zn`nx |
ico-c-tim-jWw b Xv |
X]-an-Xyp-NytX _pss[x ||
4. tIm hm tamx IYw tX\ |
kwkmcw {]Xn ]-hm |
CXym-tem-I-\-a- m
kvX]x iwkn ]nXm ||
5. bZr-m-em-`tXm \nXyw |
{]oXnbm PmbtX \rWmw XXv ktmjw
hnZpx {]mm
]cn-m-ss\-I-X-Xv]cmx ||
6. {_m-Zn-tem-I-]-cy-mXv |
hncym b-t`Zv {]nbw |
kh{X hnKX kvt\lx |
ktmjw ]caw hnZpx ||
7. {iutX N kvamt N hnizmtkm |
b ZmkvXn-Iy-ap-NytX |
\ymbmPn-X-[\w {imt |
{ibm sshZntI Pt\ |
A\yZv hm bZv {]Zo-bt |
XZv Zm\w t{]mNytX abm ||

ap-sImtm shw sImtm ico-cw ]cn-ip--amp--XmWv _mly-iu-Nw. kthm-Xv Ir-amb iuNw

hnip-m-m-hm-sW `mh\ Dsm-p-I-bm-W.v icocw
X]-v, ktm-jw, BkvXn-Iyw, Zm\w, e, aXn
_mly-ambpw B-co-Ia
- mbpw aen-\-am-Wv. Fm tZlP]w, {hXw, Cuiz-c-]q-P, knm {ihWw Ch-bmWv
[m- cn-bmb Bmhv Ghpw ip-am- Wv. tZl- n\pw Bm]p \nb-a- . thZ-hn-X-amb Ir-Nm-{n-b-WmZn {hXhn\pw Dn-ep m\w ssIh-m ]ns ]cn-ip--fm icocw oWn-n-p-Xv X]-m-W.v tam-em-`-

454

I s--nbpw Bm-hn\v kwkm-c-_-\w s]Sp--Xn-\p

_n-msX thtZm---fmb D]-tZ-i--fn ]q-{i

Imc-W-s- -nbpw Nnn-p-Xv X]-m-Ip-p. Cuiz-tc- Dm-bn-cn-p--Xm-Wv aXn. thtZm--hn-[n-{]-Imcw hop- m-Wv. P]w. thZ--se-tmse Xs
-b-\p-k-cnv Fp-In-n-bmepw AXn ktm-jhpw {]k- ho-p-ap a{-P-]a
-Xbpw Dm-Ip-Xv ktm-jw. kI-e-Xnepw A\m-k-- [ imkv{X- - fnepw ]pcmtW-Xn- lm-k--fnepw a\v \nc\mb {_m-Zn-tZ-h-tem-I]
- -cy-- ap kpJ--fn hnc-n- cw apgp-In-bn-cn-p--XmWv Fs A`n-{]m-b-n P]w.
bp-m-hp-Ibpw Fnpw a\v {]k--am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw
13. P]kvXp Zznhn[x t{]mtm |
sNp Ah--bmWv t{ijvT-amb ktmjw thZ-hmNntIm am\-k-kvXYm ||
fnepw kvarXn-I-fnepw ]d-b-s-n- p [-n ZrV-amb
Bm-thmsS hn-pI BkvXnIyw [\w XpS-nb 14. hmNn-tIm-]mw-ip-cp-ss |
Bh-iy-h-kvXp- ZpxJnX-cmb thZ-tm D-aZznhn[x ]cn-IonXx |
mtm sImSp-p-Xv Zm\w.
am\tkm a\-\-[ym\ |

8. cmKm-Zy-t]Xmw lrZbw |
hmK-Zp-m-\r-Xm-Zn\m |
lnwkm-hn-c-lnXw I |
b-Zo-iz-c-]q-P\w ||
9. kXyw m\-a-\w N |
]cm-\w ]cw {[phw |
{]Xy-Kn-Xy-h-K- hyw |
thZ--{i-hWw _p[mx ||
10. thZ-eu-In-I-amtjp |
IpnXw I-bZv `thXv |
Xkvan `hXn bm em |
{lox sskthXn {]IonXm |
sshZn-tIjp N kthjp |
{im bm km aXn `thXv ||
11. KpcpWm tNm]-Zntm f ]n |
X{X kw_--h-cn-PnXx |
thtZm-t-ss\h amtW |
a{m-`ymtkm P]x kvarXx ||
12. Iev]-kqt{X XYm thtZ |
[-imkvt{X ]pcm-WtI |
CXn-lmtk N hrnbm |
k P]x t{]mNytX abm ||

t`ZmXv ssZzhn-[y-am-{inXx ||
15. DssP-]m-Zp-]mw-ip |
kl-{k-Kp-W-a p-NytX |
am\-k XtYm-]mwtimx |
kl{k KpW-ap-NytX ||
16. DssP-] kthjmw |
btYm--^-etZm `thXv |
\ossNx t{imt{XW tN{ |
{ipX-t-n-jv^ew `thXv ||
cp hn[-n- emWv P]w. Hv am\-knI P]w, atXv
hmNnI P]w. hmNnI P]hpw cp hn[-ap-v. Hv Dw,
atXv D]mw-ip. AXp-t]mse am\-knI cq]hpw cp-hn-[ap-v. H\v\v a\-\w, atXv [ym\w. Db kzc-n
sNs-Sp P]-t-m D]mw-ip-P-]-n\v Bbncw
aSv t{ijvT- Xz-ap-.v Fm a{- \oN-hy-n-I-fn
\nv {ian-m ^e-an-m-Xm-Ipw.

aqmw Jw

1. kzkvXnIw tKmapJw ]Zvaw |

hoc-knw-lm-kt\ XYm |
`{Zw apm-k\w ssNh |
abq-cm-k-\-tah N ||
2. kpJm-k-\-k-amJymw N |
\haw ap\n-]pw-Kh |
hmKvtZmjw Ak-Xy-`m-jWw apX-emb tZmj--fn
Pm\qthmc-tc IrXzm |
\npw AIv hnip--hmv tcmKm-Zn-hn-ap--amb lrZbw
lnwk {IqcX XpS-n-bh Cm--Iw Fn-h-bmWv
kayIv ]mZ-Xte Dt` ||
Cuiz-c-]q-P-\w. Bmhv kXyhpw m\-kz-cq-]hpw 3. ka-{Ko-h-iocx Imbx |
kthm-XvIr-hpw \nXyhpw A\-hpw A-cym-an-bp-amkzkvXnIw \nXy-a-`y-tkXv |
Wv. Cu knmw \nc-cw {ihnv AXn\p tbmPnv \nekthy Zn-W-Kp^w Xp |
bn hniz-kn- p--XmWv knm {ih-Ww. euIn-I-am]rjvT-]mtiz \ntbm-P-tbXv ||
-fn kh-k--X-amb I- A\p-jvTn-p--Xn
kzm`m-hn-I-am-bn- p-m-Ip ktm- N-am- Wv e. Kpcp-- m- 4. Zn-tW]n XYm khyw |
cpsS A\p-aXn e`n-mepw thZ-hn-cp--am- Ah-ewtKmapJw XXv {]N-tX |

455

AwKp-jvTm-h[n KrlvWo-bmXv |
lkvXm `ymw hypXv{I-taW Xp ||
5. Duthm-cp-]cn hnt]{ |
IrXzm ]mZ-Xe
- -Zzmbw |
]m-k\w `thXv {]m |
kch-tcm-K-`Z- -bm-]lw ||
6. Zn-tW-Xc ]mZw Xp |
Zn-tWm-cpWn hn\y-tkXv |
EPp-Imb kam-kot\m |
hoc-k-\-ap-Zm-lrXw ||
7. Kp^u Xp hrj-W-kym[x |
kohn\ymx ]miztbmx nt]Xv |
]miz ]mZu N ]mWn`ymw |
ZrVw _[zm kp\n-ew |
`{Zm-k\w `th-tZ-XZ- zn-j-tcmKx hn\m-i\w ||
8. \n]oUy koh\ow kqvaw |
Zn-tW-Xc Kp^Xx |
hmaw bmtZy\ Kpt^\ |
apm-k\ anZw `thXv ||
9. ta{Vm-Zp-]cn \nn]y |
khyw Kp^w XtYm-]cn |
Kp^m-cw N kwn]y |
apm-k\ anZw apt\ ||
10. Iq-tct{K ap\n-t{ijvT |
\nn-t]-m-`n-]miztbmx |
`qaymw ]mWn-Xe Zzzw |
\nn-ss]y-Im{K am\kx ||
11. kap--Xi
- ncx ]mtZm |
Z-hXv thymav\n kwnXx |
abq-cm-k-\t- a-X-ZvkymXv |
kh-]m-]-{]-Wm-i\w ||
12. tb\ tI\ {]Im-tcW |
kpJw ss[cyw N PmbtX |
XXv kpJm-k-\-an-Xyp |
ai--kvXXv kam-{i-tbXv ||
13. Bk\w hnPnXw tb\ |
PnXw tX\ PK-{bw |
At\\ hn[n-\m-bpw |
{]mWm-bmaw kZm Ipcp ||

apt\, Bk-\- H]Xp hn[- am-Wv. kzkvXym-k- \w,

tKmap-Jm\w ]Zvam-k-\w, hncm-k-\w, knwlm-k-\w, _{Zmk-\w, apX-m-k-\w, abq-cm-k-\w, kpJm-k\w Ch-bmWv
Ah. app-I-fp-sSbpw XpS-I-fp-sSbpw at[y cp Imep-Ifpw
icn- bmb coXn-bnshv Igp-v, Xe, tZlw, Fnh kam\- `m- th\ [cn- p- Xv kzkvXn- Im- \w. Cu Bk\w \nXyhpw
A`y-kn-m {]bm-k-ap-m-hn-. he-Xp-Im apns\ CSXp-`m-Ks ]rjvT-`mKw hsc sImp-t]m-hp-Ibpw CS-XpIm-ense app-Isf he-Xp-` m-Ks ]rjvT -` mKw hsc
sImp-t]m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXm tKmap-Jm-k-\-am-W.v cp
]mZ-fpw cp XpS-If
- nepw ho]-co-X-K-Xn-bn shv AhbpsS X-hn-c-ep-Isf cp ssII sImavSpw ]nd-In
IqSn ]nSnp sImn-cn-p-Xv ]m-k-\-am-W.v CXv khtcm-K-w `bhpw ian-n- p--Xm-Wv. CSXp Im hep XpSbn shv, icocw \nhn-sh-v, Ccn-p--XmWv hocmk-\w. cp app-I-sfbpw taVy-n\p Xmsg-bmbn ]miz-fn shv cp Ic--emepw ]miz-`m-K-sbpw ]mZ-sfbpw ZrV- ambn _nv Ccn-p--XmWv `{Zm-k-\w.
CXv hnj-kw-_-n-I-fmb tcmK- \in-n-p--Xm-Wv.
koh-\n-bn-ep eLp-hmb tcJsb he-Xp-Im app-sIm- an hes app-sImv CS-s- Xns\ Aap-XmWv apm-k-\w. Dw-ssI-I cpw `qan-bn shv
ssIap-p-I-fpsS A{K-`m-K-sf \m`n-bpsS Ccp-]miz-fnepw m]nv incpw Imep-Ifpw s]mn BIm- i-n
hSn t]mse nXn-sN-p--XmWv abq-cm-k-\w. CXv kh]m-]-l-c-am-Ip-p. ico-c
- n\v kpJw e`n-- hn[w
ss[cy-ambn Ccn-p--XmWv kpJm-k-\w. Zp_-e-cmb
km[m-c-W-mv Cu Bk\w kzoI-cn-mw. Fm Bk\-fpw D-a-amb coXn-bn A\p-jvTn-m Ign-bp-hv {Xntem-I- sbpw Pbn-m Ign-bpw. tbmK-[m-c- Wmbp--\mbn Xm kZm {]mWm-bmaw sNp-I.

\memw Jw
1. icocw Xmh-tZh kymXv |
j-h-Xyw-Kp-em-Iw |
tZl-at[y inJn-m\w |
X]vX-Pmw-_q-\-Z-{]`w ||
2. {XntImWw a\p-Pm\mw Xp |
kXy-bpw ln kmwIrtX |
KpZmp ZzywKpem-Zp[zw |
taVymp ZzywKpem-Z[x ||
3. tZl-a[yw ap\n-t{]m |
a\p-Pm-\oln kmwIrtX |
I-m\w ap\n-t{ijvT |
aqem-[m-cm--hmw-Kpew ||

456

I 4. NXp-cw-Kp-e-am-bma |
hnkvXmcw ap\n-]pw-Kh |
Ipp-S m--k-am-Imcw |
`qjnXw Xp XzKm-Zn`nx ||
5. Xt[y \m`n-cn-Xypw |
tbmK-ssap\n ]pwKh |
I-a-[y-nXm \mUo |
kpjp-avt\Xn {]IonXm ||
6. XnjvTn ]cn-X-kvXky |
\mtUym ln ap\n-]pw-Kh |
Zznk-]vXXn kl-{kmWn |
Xmkmw apJym--XpZi ||
7. kpjp-an-\m, ]nwK-fm, XZz |
ZnUm, ssNh kc-kzXo |
]qjm, N hcp-Wm, ssNh |
lkvXn Pnlzm, bi-kzn\o ||
8. Aew-_p-km, Iplq, ssh |
hntizm-Z-cn, X]-kzn\o |
iwJn\o ssNh Kmmcm |
CXn apJym--XpZi ||
9. Bkmw apJym-kvXn-{k-kv{Xntjz
tIm-tam- am
{_-\m-UoXn km t{]mm |
apt\ thZm--th-Zn`nx ||
10. jjvT-a-[y-n-tX-\mm |
hoW-Z-t\ kp{hX |
kl akvXI ]cyw |
kpjpav\m kp{]-Xn-jvTnXm ||

\n, iwJn-\o, Kmmc Fo ]Xn-mep \mUn-I apJy-amsWv. Cu ]Xn-mep \mUn-I- fn aqsw Fm-nepw
apJy-am-W.v Cu aqp \mUn-I-fn kpjpav\ F \mUn
kh-t{i-jT
v -am-W.v apXp-Ins a[y-`m-K-mbn n sNp
tacp Zw An-I-fpsS kaqlw Xs. AXn
\npw ]pd-s-Sp kpjpav\m \mUn inc-p-hsc \opIn-S-p--Xm-W.v
11. \m`n-I-m-Z[x m\w |

Ip-eymZzywKpew apt\ |
A-{]-Ir-Xn-cq]m km |
Ipeo ap\n ka ||
12. bYm-h-Zzm-bp-tNmw N |
UP-em-m-Zo\n \nXyix |
]cnXx I-]mtizjp |
\ncp-ssyh kZm nXm ||
13. kzap-tJ\ kam-thy |
{_-c{- -apJw apt\ |
kpjp-av\mbm CUm kthy |
ZntW ]nwKem nXm ||
14. kc-kzXo Iplq-ssh |
kpjpav\m ]miztbm ntX |
Kmmtcm lkvXn Pnlzm N |
CUmbmx]rjvT -]miztbmx ||
15. ]qjm bi-kzn\o ssNh |
]nwKem jjvT-]qhtbmx |
Iptlm lkvXn Pnlzmbmx |
at[y hntizm-Zco nX ||

a\p-jy-i-c ocw Ah-c-h -cpsS ssIsm--f - m 16. bi-kzn\ym Iptlmat[y |

sXmq-mdv AwKp-e-am-W.v ico-c- a-[y-n-emWv An-bpsS
hcpWm kp{]-Xn-jvTnXm |
m\w AXns \ndw I\-en Imnb kz-Xp-ey-am]pjm-bm kc-kzXym |
Wv. {XntIm-Wm-Ir-Xn-bm-W-Xn-\v. Rm ]d-bp-Xv icn-bmIp-p. KpZw apX cw-Kpew Xmsg nXn-sN-p
at[y t{]mm bi-kzn\o ||
`mKs ico- c- ns a[y-`m-K-sap ]d- b-Ww. AXp Xs 17. Kmm-cmbm kc-kzXym |
aqem-[m-cw. AhnsS \npw H]-Xw-Kpew apI-fn Iw
at[y t{]mm N iwJn\o |
\ne-sIm-p-p. AXns \ofhpw hoXnbpw \mew-Kpew
Aew-_pkm nXm ]mbp |
hoX-amWv AXns BIrXn tImgn-ap--bvp kaw. AXv
]pdsa sXmen sImpw apw s]mXn- n- cn-p-p. I-m]cyw I-a-[ybm ||
\-n\v \Sp-mWv \m`n. I at[y- nXn sNp 18. ]qh-`mtK kpjp-av\mbmx |
\mUnsb kpjpav\m \mUn Fp ]d-bp- p. AXns \mepcmImbmx kwnXm Iplqx |
`m-K pw Fgp-]- o-cm-bncw \mUn-If
- p-v. Ah-b n
A[-tm[zw nXm \mUo |
kpjp-av\, ]nwK-f, CU, kc-kz-Xn, ]qjm-hc
- p-W, lkvXn,
Pnlz, bi-kzn-\n, Aew-_p-k, Iplp, hntizm-Z-cn, ]b-kznbmay \mkm--an-jytX ||

457

I 19. CUm Xp \hy-\m-kmw |

23. {]mtWm-]m-\-kvXYm hym\x |

kam-t\m-Zm\ Gh N ||
kwnXm ap\n-]pw-Kh |
24. \mKx Ip IrI-tcm |
bi-kzn\o N hmaky |
tZh-Ztm [\-RvPbx |
]mZmw-Kp-jvT m--a n-jytX ||
GtX \mUojp khmkp |
20. ]qjm hmam-n-]-cy-m |
Ncn Zi hmbhx ||
]nwK-em-bmkvXp ]rjvTXx |
25. tXjp {]mWm-Zbx ] |
]b-kzn\o N bmayky Imw t{]mNy-tXapJym ]kp kp{hX |
_pss[x
{]mW kw-kvXY
- m-]m\x |
21. kc-kzXo XYm tNm[z |
]qPyx {]mW-kvX-tbmapt\ ||
KXm Pnlzm XYm apt\ |
26. Bky-\m-kn-I-tbmat[y |
lkvXn Pnlzm XYm khy |
\m`n-at[y XYm lrZn |
]mZmw-Kp-jvTm anjytX ||
{]mW-kwPv tVm f \ntem-\nXyw |
22. iwJn\o \ma bm \mUo |
htX ap\n-k-a ||
khy-Im anjytX |
27. A]mt\m htX \nXyw |
Kmmcm khy-t\-{Xmm |
KpZ-a-[ y-cp-Pm- \pjp |
t{]mm thZm thZn`nx |
DZtc IIte ISymw |
hntizm-Z-cm-Zn[m \mUo I-at[y hyh-nXm ||
\m`u PwtL N kp{hX ||
\m`o I-n \nv cw-Kpew Xmsg A-{]-Ir-Xn- 28. hym\x t{im{Xm-n-at[y N |
tbmSp IqSnb Ip-en\n nXn sNp-p. AXv hmbp
IIpZv`ymw Kp^-tbm-c]n |
tN- sbbpw Pem---sfbpw Ah-tcm-[np sImp kZm
{]mW-mt\ Ktf ssNh |
I-ns cp hi--sf-bpw adv {_-ck apJs
hvtX ap\n-]pw-Kh ||
kzap-J-m adv \ne-sIm-p-p. kpjpav\m \mUn-bpsS
- wtm hntbx |
CSXp `mKv CUbpw heXp `mKv ]nwK-fbpw kpjp- 29. DZm-\k
]mZtbm lkvXt- bm-c]n |
av\-bpsS cp hi--fnepw kc-kz-Xnbpw Iplphpw \nsImp-p. CU-bpsS ]pd-In Kmm-cbpw ]qh-`m-Kv
kam\x kh-tZ-tljp |
lkvXn Pnlzbpw Iplp-hn\pw lkvXn Pnlz-pw at[y
hym]y-Xn-jvTXy kwibx ||
hntizm-Z-cnbpw \ne-sIm-p-p. X]-kzn-\npw Iplp-hn\pw
30. \mKmZn hmbhx ] |
at[y hcpWm \mUnbpw ]pjm-hn\pw kc-kz-Xnpw at[y
XzK-ym-Znjp kwnXx |
]b- kzn-\nbpw Kmmc kc-kzXn Fn-h-bpsS at[y iwJn\nizm-tkm-zm-k-Im-km |
\nbpw nXn sNp-p. \m`n-I-
- ns a[y-`m-Kp
\npw KpZw hsc Aew-_pk F \mUn t]mbn-p-v.
{]mW-I lnkmw-IrtX |
kpjp-av\v cmIm Fp t] Dv AXns ]qh-`m-KA]m-\m-Jyky hmtbmkvXp |
mbn Iplp F \mUn Xmsgbpw apI-fnepw nXn
hoaq-{XmZn hnk\w ||
sNp-p. AXv hes \mkn-Im-c{w hsc \op InSp-p. CUm \mUn CSs \mknImc{w hsc-bm-Wv.
bi- kzn\o \mUn he-Xp-Im-ens X-hn-c hscbpw ]qjm
F \mUn ]nwK-f-bpsS ]pd-In IqSn heXp Ip
hscbpw hym]n- n-c n- p-p. ]b-k zn\n heXp sNhn
hscbpw kc-kzXn apI-fn \mp hscbpw lkvXn Pnlz
CSXp Imens X-hn-c hscbpw hym]n-n-cn-p-p.
iwJn\n F \mUn CSs Ip hscbpw t]mbn-p-v.
hntizm-Z-cs
- a \mUn \m`n I-ns a[y-`m-K-mbn
nXn sNp-p.

{]mW, A]m-\, hym\, kam- \, DZm- \, \mKw,

Iqw, IrI-cw, tZh- Z-w, [\- RP
v bw Fo ]p hmbp kh-\m-Un-I-fnepw k- cnp sImn-cn-p-p. Ahbn {]mW XpS-nb Ap hmbp- {][m\-am-Wv.
{]mW\pw A]m-\-\p-amWv IqSp-X al-Xzw. {]mWm-]m-\ apJpw aqns a[y-`m-Kpw \m`n-bnepw lrZ-bnepw kZm Ign-bp-p. A]m-\ KpZw D]w XpS apv
DZcw ISn {]tZiw \m`n Fn-h-bn nsN-p-p.
hym\ sNhn-I-fnepw Ip-I-fnepw kvI-nepw nXn

458

I sNp-p. DZm-\ icocw apgp-h\pw hym]n-n-cn-p-p.

\mKw XpS-nb Ap hmbp- N-nepw An
apX-em-b-hb
- nepw nXn sNp-p. izmtkm-zm-kh
- pw
Imkhpw {]mW-hm-bp-hns I--fm-Wv. ae-aq-{X-hnk-\m-Zn-I A]m-\s {]h-\--fm-W.v

31. kam\x kh-km-ao]yw |

ItcmXn ap\n-]pw-Kh ||
32. DZm\x Du[z-K-a\w |
Itcm-tXyh \ kwibx |
hymt\m hnhmZ IrXv t{]mtm |
apt\ thZm thZn`nx ||
33. DZvKm-cmZn KpWm t{]mmx |
hy\m-Jyky alm-apt\ |
[\-RvP-bky tim`mZn |
I-t{]mw ln kmwIrtX ||
34. \nao-e\
- m-Zn-Iky |
p[m Xp IrI-cky N |
tZh-Z-ky hnt{] |
X{o-I {]IonXm ||
36. kpjp-av\mbm inthm tZhx |
CUmbm tZhXm lcnx |
]nwKfmbmx hncnnx kymXv |
kc-kzXym hncmSv apt\ ||
36. ]pjm-[n-tZ-hXm t{]mm |
hcptWm hmbp tZhXm |
lkvXn-Pn-lzm-Zn-[m-bmkvXp |
hcptam tZhXm `thXn ||
37. X]-kzn\ym ap\n t{ijvT |
`K-hm `mkvIc kvXYm |
Aew-_p-kmbm Aw_mm |
hcpWx ]cn-IonXx ||
38. Iptlm pt-hXm t{]mm |
Kmmco N{-tZ-hXm |
imJn-\y-{- -am-kvX-ZzXv |
]b-kzn\ymx {]Pm-]Xn ||

c\pw CU-bp-sSXv hncmpw BIp-p. ]qjm-\m-Un-bpsS

tZhX ]qjmhv Fp t]cp kqcy\pw hcpW \mUn- bpsS
tZhX hmbphpw lkvXn Pnlz-bp-sSXv hcp-W\pw bi-kzn\n- b p- t SXv `mkvI - c \pw Aew- _ - b p- tSXv hcp- W \pw
Kmmcnbp-tSXv N3\pw Iplp-hn-sXv ppw iwJn\n-bp-sSXv N{\pw ]b-kzn-\n-bp-sSXv {]Pv]-Xnbpw BWv.

39. hntizm-Z-cm-`n-[m-bmkvXp |
`K-hm ]mhIx ]Xn |
CUmbmw N{am \nXyw |
Nc-tXyh alm-apt\ ||
40. ]nwK-fmbmw chn-kvX-ZzXv |
apt\ thZ-hnZmw hc |
]nwK-fm-bm-an-Umbmw Xp |
hmtbmx kw{I-aWw Xp bXv |
41. XZp--cm-bWw t{]mw |
apt\ thZm thZn`nx |
CUmbmw ]nwK-embmw Xp |
{]mW kw{I-aWw apt\ ||
42. Zn-Wm-b-a-\n-Xypw |
]nwK-em-bm-anXn {ipXn |
CUm ]nwK-ftbm knw |
bZm {]mWx kam-KX ||
43. Aam-hmkym XZm t{]mm |
tZtl tZl `rXmw hc |
aqem-[mcw bZm {]mWx |
{]hnx ]n-tXm-a ||
44. XZmZyw hnjphw t{]mw |
X]-s sk-kvXm-]-tkm-a |
{]mW-kw-tm-ap-\n-t {ijvT |
aq[m\w {]hn-ti-ZyZm ||
45. XZyw hnjphpw t{]mw |
Xm]-ssk-kvX-Xz-Nn-ssIx |
\nm-tkm-zm-k\w khw |
amkm \mw kw{Itam `thXv ||
46. CUmbmx Ip-en-m\w |
bZm {]mWx kam-KXx |
kam-\s IrXyw ico-cw kam-\-\n-eb
- n \netkma-{K-lW anXypw |
\np-I-sb--Xm- W.v DZm-\ kZm apI-fn- temv Kan-p- p.
hym\ [z\n hyRvP-I-am-Wv. DZvKm-cmZn KpW- \mK-nXZm XXz hnZmw hc ||
s-Xm-Wv. [\-RvP-b ico-ct- im` hfp-p. Iq- 47. bZm ]nwK-fbm {]mWx |
ns t{]c-W-bm-emWv t\t{Xm-o-e\w \S-p--Xv. IrIIp-en-m-\-am-KXx |
c-hmbp hnipw Zmlhpw Dm-p-p. tZh-Z--ns
XZm XZm `thXv kqcy-{K-lWw ap\n-]pw-Kh ||
IrXyw Be-ky-am-Wv. kpjpav\m \mUn-bpsS tZhX i-

459

An-bmWv hntiz-Zc F \mUn-bpsS tZh-X. CUm\m-Un-bn N{\pw ]nwK-f-bn kqcy\pw \nXyhpw kncvIp-I-p. ]nwKf CUm Fo \mUn-I-fpsS kwh-c
kw_- n-bmbv {]mW-a-b-kq-cys kw{I-a-Ws
- - bmWv
thZm-n- I #p-cm-bW
- -sav ]d-bp-Xv AXp-t]mse
CU-bn \npw ]nwK-f-bn-te-p kqcys k{I-aWs Zn-Wm- b-\- sav ]d- bp-p. {]mW, CU, ]nwKf
Fn-h-bpsS kn-bn-se-p-tm ico-c
- n Xs
Aam-hmkn hcp-p. {]mW aqe-[m-c
- n {]th-in-ptm AXv An-a-hn-jp-ht- bm-K-n nXn sN-pshv ]d-bp-p. Fm Dzmk \nizm- k- fpw amk kw{Imn-bm-sWv ]d-bs
- -n-cn-p-p. CU aptJ\ {]mW
Ip- en\o m\-s- p- tm N{-{K-l- W-k-a-b- sav
]d-s-Sp-p. Fm ]nwK-f-\m-Un-bn \npw {]mW
Ip-en-\n-bn hcp-tm AXv kqcy-{K-l-W-am-W.v

48. {io]hXw incxmt\ |

tIZmcw Xp e emStI |
hmcm-Wko alm-{]mPvV |
{`pthm{Lm-Wky a[yta ||
49. Ipcp-t{Xw IpN mt\ |
{]mbKw lrXv ktcm-cptl |
NnZw-_cw Xp lrt[y |
B[mtc Ih-em-ebw ||
50. B-Xow kap-rPy |
_ln-kvXom\n tbm {htPXv |
Icw k alm-cXv\w Xyzm ImNw
hnamtX
51. `mh-Xow ]cw Xow |
{]amWw kh-Ikp |
A\y-Ym-en-KtX Imm |
A\y-Ym-enw-KtX kpXm ||
52. Xom-\n-tXm-b-]qWm\n |
tZhm ImjvTmZn \nn-Xm |
tbmKnt\m \ {]]q-Pyt |
kzm-{]-Xyb Imc-WmXv ||
53. _ln-kvXomXv ]cw Xo |
a-kvXow alm-apt\ |
B-Xow alm-Xow |
A\y-ow \ncIw ||
54. Nn-a-KXw ZpjvSvw |
Xo-kv\m-ss\\ ipyXn |
iX-tim]n Psse[uXw |
kpcm-`m--an-hm-ipNn |

55. hnjp-hm-b-\-Im-tejp |
{KltW Nmtc kZm |
hmcm-Wk
- ym-ZntI mt\ |
kv\mXzm iptm `th-cx |
56. m\-tbm-K-]-cmWmw Xp |
]mZ-{]-m-f\w Pew |
`mh-ip-y-a-m\w |
Xow ap\n-]pw-Kh |

inc- n {io ssie-sa Xohpw s\n-bn tIZmc-Xohpw aqn\pw ]pcn-I-pw at[y hmcm-Wknbpw kvX\-Zz-b-m-\v Ipcp-t-{Xhpw lrZb-a-[yn NnZw-_-c-Xohpw aqem-[m-c-n Ih-em-e-bXohpw nXn sNp-p. B-Xow kh-Xonepw t{ijvT-am-Wv. Cu Xo- ssIhnv _mlyXo-- fn Ae-bp a\p-jy ssIbn-en-cn-p
cXv\w Ifv ImNw At\z-jn-p--h-\m-Wv. `mh-ab
XoamWv kthm-XvIrjvS Xow `mcy-sbbpw ]p{Xnsbbpw Benw-K\w sNp-sa- nepw Benw-K-\-nse `mhn A- c-ap--tm. tbmKn-Iv B- Xo-n
hnizm-k-a p- -X p-s Imv Ah Pe-a -b -X o-fn
kv\m\w sNp-Itbm Iv, acw, apX-em-bh sImv Xo
{]Xn- a-I ]qPn-p-Itbm sNp-n-. B-Xo-ns
apn ap Zo- shdp-sX-bm-W.v ico-c- n-\p- nse
Zqjn-N
- nw _mly-Xo--fn a\w sNbvX-XpsImp am{Xw ip-am-Ip-n-. aZyw \nd IpSw F{X
{]mhiyw ]pdsa Igp-In-bmepw ZpK--ap--am-hn-. icoc-n Xs hnjp-h-tbm-Khpw D-cm-b-W-Z-n- Wm-b-\ kqcy-{K-l-Whpw N{-{K-l-Whpw \S-p-p. aqn
\pw ]pcn-I-n\pw aty nXn sNp hmcm-Wkn apXemb Xo--fn _mh- \-tbmsS kv\m\w sNbvXm a\pjy\v ]cn-ipn e`n-pw. m\n-I-fpsS AxIcW
ipnv m\ tbmK-Xvev]-c-cmb tbmKn-I- fpsS Imep IgnInb shw anI Xo-am-Wv.

57. Xot Zmt\ Xt] bt |

ImjvtT ]mjm-WtI kZm |
inhw ]iyXn aqVmm |
inth-tZtl {]Xn-jvTntX ||
58. Aw amw ]cn-XyPy |
_lnjvTw bkvXp tkhtX |
lkvXw ]n-ap-rtPy |
entlXv Iq-c-am-\x ||
59. inh-am-\n ]iyn |
{]Xn-amky \ tbmKn\x |
Am\mw `mh-\mmb |
{]Xnam ]cn-I-ev]nXm ||

460

I 60. A]qh-a-]cw {_ |
kzmm\w kXy-a-Zzbw |
{]m-\-L-\-am-\-wbx |
]iyXn k ]iyXn ||
61. \mUo-]pRvPw kZm-kmcw |
\c-`mhw alm-apt\ |
kapp Pym-\m-m\ |
al-an-tXyh [mcb ||
62. Ai-cocw ico-tcjp |
almw hn`q-an-izcw |
B\--a--cw-km-mXv |
aXzm [otcm \p timNXn ||
63. hnt`-ZP
- -\tI mt\ |
\t m\ _em-pt\ |
Bt\m {_tWm t`Z |
akw Inw Icn-jyXn ||
awK-f-cq-]n-bmb Cuiz-c Cu ico-c
- n Xs
nXn-s N-p-p. At-ls Adn-b m Am\n
Xow Pew bw hndIv Iv Fn-h-bn ]cm-mhns\ tXSp-p. ]cm-m-hmb Fs hncv tIhew qe]vXn-a-Isf ]qPn-p Poh ssIbn-encnp `Ww
ssIhnv ssIap-p-I \p-p. tbmKn-I Xs Bmhn Xs ]c-am-m-hns\ Zkn-p-p. {]Xn-a-I- fn Zinp-n-. hnm-\n-I-fpsS lrZ-b
- n `K-hms `mh\sb DWn Ah aptJ\ Ahv `K- hm- \n hnizmkw
P\n-n-p-I-bmWv hn{K-l-- fpsS eyw `n-Im-cy-Im-c-W Cm-- h\pw {]m- \-L-\-kz-cq-]\pw AZzn-Xo-b\pw
kXym-\ kzcq-]-hp-amb {_s kzw Bmhmbn
ImWp--h\pw BWv bYm-n ImWp--Xv. a\p-jyi-cocw \mUo-hyqlw am{Xw. AXv kmc-ap--X-. AXn-t\mSp B-`mhw hnv ]cm-mhv Rm Xs. F hnizmk-tmsS ico-c
- n \nh-kn-p-s-n-epw, AXn
\ns mw `n - a mbn al- mWv B m- h v , AXv
Fmhpw \mY-\m-Wv. B\ kzcq-]-amb B Aa-c{_s Adn-bp--h\v Hcn-epw ZpxJap-m-hn-. apt\,
t`Z-ap-f-hm-p Am\w \in-p-tm GIXp aqV\mWv Bm-hn\p {_-n\p Xn-ep anYym t`Zs
]cn-K-Wn-p-Xv?

Amw Jw
1. kayIv IYb ta {_ |
\mUo-ip-Z[nw kam-kXx |
bYm ipym kZm [ymb |
Poh-ptm `hm-arlw ||

2. kmwIrtX irWp hyman |

\mUo-ipnw kam-kXx |
hn[yp--I kwbpx |
Ima-k--ev]-hPnXx ||
3. bam-Zr-mw-K-kw-bpx |
imx kXy-]-cm-bWw |
kzm-\y-h-nXx karKv |
m\n-`n kpin-nXx ||
4. ]h-Xmt{K \Zo-Xotc |
_nez aqte ht\-Yhm |
at\m-cta ipNu tZti |
aTw IrXzm kam-lnXx ||
5. Bc`y Nmk\w ]mXv |
{]mMv aptJm-ZMvap tJm ]nhm |
ka-{Ko-h-incx Imbx |
kwhr-Xmkyx kp\n-ex ||
{_m, \mUo-ipn F-s\-bmWv km[n-t-sXv F\nv ]dp Xcp- I. AX- dn- m F\nv \mUoip-n-ssI-h--Xn-\p-tijw kZm ]c-am-m-hns\ [ym\nv
Poh-p- m-h {]m]n-m Ign-bpw. Fv kmwIrXn ]d- tm Zm-t{X-b ]d-p. \mUo-ipn ssIh-cn-tXn-s\-n Rm Npcpn ]d-bmw. imkv{X- thXv
hn[n-n-p-v. Im-\p-jvTm\ XXv]-c-ambn _pn hln-pI. Ima-\-I-fp-sSbpw ^e--fp-sSbpw BImw shSn-b
Ww. Amw-K-tbmKw ssIh-cnv a\v im-am--Ww.
kXyw ]d-bW
- w. m\n-I-fmb alm-m-sf ]cn-N-cnv
Pnm-k-tbmsS Ah-cn \nv m\w t\SWw B
hnNn-- \-n ebn--Ww. ]h-tXm-]-cn-`m-Ktm \Zo-Xoctm GIm h\-{]-tZ-itm hr-p-h- ntem hniphpw ca-Wo-b-hp- amb m\tm B{iaw Xov GIm{K-X-tbmsS AhnsS Ign-b-Ww. ]ns D-cm-`n-ap-J-amtbm
Zn- Wm-`n-ap-J-amtbm Ccpv IWvTw incv ico-cw Ch
ka-\n-eb
- n-emn hmb-Sv \n-e\
- mbn hn--Ww.

6. \mkmt{K ii-`rXv _nwt_ |

_np-at[y Xpco-bIw |
{kh aarXw ]tiy |
t{Xm`ymw kp kam-lnXx ||
7. CUbm {]mW-am-Irjy |
]qc-bn-tXzm-Ztc nXw |
XtXm f nw tZl-a-[yw |
[ymb Pzmem-h-eo-bpXw ||

461

I 8. _np-\m-Z-ka- m-bp |
an-_oPw hnNn--tbXv |

kzm-ipnw kam-N-tcXv |

]mXv hntc-Nb
- Xv kayIv |

Bm ipx kZm \nXyx |

{]mWw ]nwK-ebm _p[x ||

kpJ-cq]x kzbw {]`px ||

aqns Av N{-a-ew nXn-sN-p-p. F

`mh-\tbmsS AhnsS {]mW-_n- p-hn Xpco-b- cq-]- \mb ]cam-m-hns\ AarX t{kmXv {]h-ln-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Xmbn Zin-p-I. ]ns CUm-\m-Un-bm {]mW hmbp
Dn-tev henv hb- n \ndv tZl-a -[ y- -a mb
Ansb [ym\n--Ww. Dn-temp hen hmbp-hns
k-m An-tZ-h Xs Pzme-I-tfmsS {]Zo-]vXam- Ipp Fv [ym\n- -Ww. ]noSv {]W-h-_n-p- hn-s\bpw
\mZm--I-amb An _oP-sbpw Nnn--Ww. ]nwKe
\mUn-bn IqSn {]mW-hm-bp-hns\ kmh-[m-\n sh-fnbn-tev hnS-Ww.

9. ]p\x ]nwK-fbm ]qcy |

an-_o-P-a-\p-kva-tcXv |
]p\hn-tc-Nt- bXv [oam |
CU-ssbh iss\x iss\x ||
10. {XnN-Xphm-kcw hmY |
{XnN-Xp hmc-tah hm |

m\mXv iptm `h-Xybw |

Am\ ae-]w bx |
mf-tbXv m\tXm bXx |
k Gh khZm iptm |
\m\yx I-ctXm ln kx ||
Cu hn[w {]hr-n-m ]w B ipn-p
A\p-jvTm-\
- sN-Ww. Bmhv ip-am-Wv. kzbw
{]Im-i-cq-]-am-W.v kpJ kzcq-]-am-W.v CXn amen-\y-ap-sp Btcm- ]Ww Am- \-^-e-amWv. BZyta Xs AXv
hnip cq]-n Xs nXn sNp-p. Am-\-amIp amen\yw m\ Pew sImv Igp-Ip--h ip\m-Ip-p. m\w ssIhnv euInI I- -fn apgp-Ip-h ip-\m-hp-n-.

Bdmw Jw
1. {]mWm-bm-a-{Iaw hty |
kmwIrtX irWp kmZcw |

cl-tkyhw {Xnk-njp ||

{]mWm-bma CXn t{]mtm |

]rYIv Nntm-]-e-nXx |
icoc eLpXm Zo]vXn ht |
Pmcw-hn\x ||
12. \mZm`n hy-cn-tXyX |
Nnw XXv knn kqNIw |

tcN-]q-cI Ipw`ssIx ||
2. h {Xbm-Imx t{]mm |
tcN-]q-cI Ipw`Imx |
k Gj {]Whx t{]mx |
{]mWm-bm-akvXp Xbx ||
3. CUbm hmbp amIrjy |

bmh-tZ-Xm\n kw]tiy |

]qc-bn-tXzm-Ztc nXw |

mh-tZhw kam-N-tcXv ||

iss\x tjmU-i-`namss{X |

]no-Sv ]nwKf \mUn-bn IqSn {]mW-hm-bp-hns\

Dtmv henv ico-c
- n \nd An _oPs Nnn-Xn-\p-]-tijw C-Um-\mUn aptJ\ AXns\ ]pd-tv
hnSp-I. Cu {]{Inb aqtm-\mtem Znhkw \nc-cw sNpItbm \nXyhpw aqp ky- I- fnepw aqtm \mtem Btdm
{]mhiyw sNp-Itbm thWw. Cu {Inb-bpsS ^e-ambn
\mUn ip-ambn Xocp-p. ^ew {]Xy--n-ep-m-Ipw.
icoc emLhw Pwcm-n-bpsS Do-]\w A\m-lX \mZm-Znhyn XpSnb e-W- {]I-S-am-Ipw. Cu A\p-`qXn
Dm-Ip--Xp-hsc \nc-cw A`ymkw sNp-I. Dtiw
km[n-pw.

14. Am-\m--ent\m `mXn |

jSv IrXzm hnN-tc-nXyw |

11. \mUo-ipn ahm-]vt\mXn |

13. AY sshXXv ]cn-XyPy |

cImcw X{X kwkva-tcXv ||

4. ]qcnXw [mc-tbXv ]mXv |
NXpx jjvTym-Xp-am-{Xbm |
DIm-c-aqn-a-{Xm]n |
kwkva-c {]Whw Pt]Xv ||
5. bmhZzm iIytX XmhZv |
[mc-tbXv P]-X-Xv]cx |
]qcnXw tcN-tbXv ]m |
XzIm-tc-Wm-\new _p[mx ||

462

I 6. iss\x ]nwK-fbm X{X |

tm-Sp-IqSn hmbp-hns\ CU-bn IqSn ]Xps shfn-bntev hnSp-Ibpw thWw. hopw hopw A`y-kn-p-I.
Zzm{Xnw-i
- m-{Xbm ]p\x |
Cs\ {]mWm-bmaw \nXyhpw A`y- kn-- Ww. Bdp amkw
{]mam-bmtam `th-tZhw |
Cs\ sNbvXm m\-lo-\ t]mepw m\n- bm- Ipw.
XX-sshw ka-`y-tkXv ||
Hcp sImw km[Iw sNbvXm {_- km-m- XvImcw en{]mWm- bma {Ia- s- n ]d-bmw. {i- tbmsS tIp- p-p. AXp-sIm-mWv \nXyhpw A`y-kn--W-sav ]dI. ]qcI Ipw`-I-tc-NI {Inb-I aptJ\ kwb-an-X-am-Ip bp--Xv. tbmKm-`ymk \nc-X\pw [-\n-c-X-\p-am-b-h
{]mW-\mWv {]mWm-bm- aw. Hmm-c-n AImc DImc aIm- {]mWm-bm-a-m m\w t\Sn kmwkvIm-cnI _-\c- Fo aqp h- - - fp- v. Ch-bpsS GIo- `m-h-amWv n \npw hnapn t\Sp-p.
{]W-hw. {]mWm-bm-ahpw {]W-hw Xs. CU aptJ\
12. {]mW kwb-a-t\-ss\h |
hmbp-hns\ ]Xps Dn-tep henv DZ-c-n \ndv
m\-aptm `hn-jyXn |
AhnsS ]Xn-\mdp am{X-I-tfmSp IqSnb AIm-cs [ym\n-Ww. ]ns DZ-c-n \ncp \np hmbp Aev]
_mlym-Zm-]q-cWw hmtbm |
kabw \ne-\nn Adp-]-n-\mep am{X-I-tfmSp IqSnb
cpZtc ]qctIm ln kx ||
DIm-cs [ym\n-p-sImv {]Whw P]n--Ww. Ign-bp-n13. kq-Ipw-`-Im-Zzmtbm |
S- tmfw hmbp- hns\ \ne-\n-dp-- Ww. ]noSv ap-n-cp
[mcWw Ipw`tIm `thXv |
am{X-tbmSp IqSnb aIm-cs {i- tbmsS ]qcn-X-amb hmbphns\ kmh-[m-\-n ]pdv hnS-Ww. CXv Hcp {]mWm_lnhn-tc-N\w hmtbm |
bm-a-ambn. Cs\ \nc-cw A`y-kn-t--Xp-v.
cpZ-Im-t{Z-NIw kvarXx ||

7. ]p\x ]nwK-f-bm-]qcy |
amss{Xx tjmU-i-`n-kvXYm |
BIm-c-aqn-a-{Xm]n |
kvatc-tZ-Im{K am\kx ||
8. [mc-tbXv ]qcnXw hnZzm |
{]Whw kwP-] hio |
DIm-c-aqnw k [ymtbXv NXpx |
jym Xp am{Xbm ||
9. aImcw Xp kvac ]m |
t{ZN-tb-Zn-U-bm-\new |
Gh-tah ]p\x Ipcym |
ZnU-bm-]qcy _pn-am ||
10. Ghw ka-`y-tk-nXyw |
{]mWm-bmaw ap\n-izc |
Gh-a-`ym-ktXm \nXyw |
jm-km-Zy-Xv\m-hm `th-Xv ||
11. h-cmXv {_-hn-Zzm kym |
kvam-nXyw ka-`y-tkXv |
tbmKm-`ym-km-ctXm \nXyw |
kz[ \nc-X bx ||

14. {]tkz-Z-P-\tIm bkvXp |

{]mWm-bm-tajp tkm f [ax |
I\z\w a[yaw hnZym |
Zpm\w tNmaw hnZp ||
15. ]qhw ]qhw {]IphoX |
bmh-Zp kw`hx |
kw`-h-Xyp-ta {]mx |
{]mWm-bmta kpJo `thXv | ||
16. {]mWm-bm-ta\ Nnw Xp |
ipw `hXn kp{hX |
Nnt ipt ipNnx kmmXv |
{]XyIv tPymXn hyh-nXn ||
17. {]mW-n-t\ kwbpx |
]c-am-\n XnjvTXn |
{]mWm-bm-a-]-c-k ymky |
]pcp-jky alm-\x ||
18. tZl-tm-n-jvTtX tX\ |
InwNnXv m\m-Zzn-ap-Xm |
tcNIw ]qcIw apzm Ipw`Iw \nXy-a-`y-tkXv

]ns ]nwK-f-\m-Un-bn-eqsS hmbp a-aw henv ]Xn- 19. kh-]m-]-hn-\napx |

\m-dp-am-{X-tbmSp IqSnb BIm-cs GIm-{K-\mbn n-kayIv m\-a-hm-]v\p-bmXv |
Ww. hmbp hb-dn \nd-bp-tm a\-n-s\bpw C{n-bat\m Ph-Xz-am-]vt\mXn |
-sfbpw ]c-]q-ambpw hi-n-em-n Adp-]-n-\mep
]en-XmZn N \iyXn ||
am{Xm-hi
- n--amb DIm-cs [ym\n-p-Ibpw {]Wh P]-

463

I 20. {]mWm-bm-ssa-I-\n-jvTky \ InwNn-Z]n |

Zpe`w XkvamXv kh-{]-b-Xvt\\ |
{]mWm-bm-am ka-`y-tkXv ||
_mly- hmbp DZ-c-n \nd- p {]{In- bbvv ]qcIw
Fp ]d- bp- p. IpSw shw sImv \nd- p\- \-\- Xp- t]mse
DZcw hmbp-hn-\m \nd-bvp--XmWv Ipw`-Iw. hmbp- hns\
]pd-p-hn-Sp- Xv tcN- Iw. {]mWm-bmaw sNp-tm icocn hnbp-m-bm B {]{Inb A[-a-am-Wv. ico-cn hnd-b-ep-m-bm AXv a[y-a-am-W.v {]mWm-bma kabv icocw apI-fn-temv s]mp-Xp t]mse tXmp-Xv
Da coXn-bn-ep {]mWm-bm-a-am-W.v Da knn ssIhcp-Xp hsc Xmgv Xc-n-ep-tXm a[ya t{iWn-bn-epfvetXm ]nXp-S-cp-I. Ime-{I-a-n t\sc-bm-bn-sm- pw.
D-a-t{i-Wn-bn s]v {]mWm-bmaw km[n-m a\p-jy
AXyw kpJn-am-\m-Ip-p. AXn-\m Nnw kwip-am-Ipw. B XXzw kmm-XvI-cn-m km[n-p-p.
{]mWm-bmaw km[n--hs {]mW Nn-kw-tbmKw t\Sn
]c-am-m-hp-ambn tNcp-p. B Ah--bn Ahs
icocw apI-fn-temv s]mpw. mt\m-Z-b-n\pw tam{]m-]vXnXvIpw CS-h-cp-p. tcN-I-]q-c-I-sf At]-nv
Ipw`Iw IqSp-X -e mbn A`y-k n- -Ww. A-s \-b p
tbmKnv t{ijvT- m\w e`npw a\v PnX-am-Ip-p.
tcmaw \c-p--Xn\p ImcWamb tcmKw \in-p-p.
{]mWm-bm-a-n \njvT- bp-h
- \v Hpw Zpe-`-a-. AXpsImv Fm {]Im-c-nepw {]mWm-bma knn ssIh-cpp-I.

21. hnt\m-tbm-Km {]h-yan {]mWm-bm-aky

kp{]X |
ky-tbm {_ Imtem]n a[ym-lmt\
hmf-Yhm kZm |
22. _mlyw {]mWw kam-Irjy]qc-bn-tXzm
Z-tcW N |
\mkmt{K \m`n-at[y N ]mZm-KpjvtT N
[mc-tbXv |
23. kh-tcm-K-h n-\nptm Poth-Zz
j-iXw \cx |
\mkm{K [mc-Wm-Zzm]o PntXm `hXn kp{hX |
24. kh-tcm-K-\n-hrnx kymm-`n-at[y Xp
[mc-WmXv |
icoc eLpXm hn{] ]mZmw-KpjvT \ntXm-[-\mXv
25. Pnlzmbm hmbp-am-Irjy bx ]nt_mXv
kXXw \cx |
{ia-Zm-l-hn-\nptm tbmKo-\o-tcmK Xman-bmXv
26. Pnlzbm hmbp-am-Irjy Pnlzm aqte \ntcm-tbXv
]nw_-Z-ar-Xa
- -hy{Kw kIew kJ-am-]yp-bmXv |

27. CUbm hmbp-am-Irjy `qthmaty

\ntcm-[-tbXv |
]n_-Z-ar-X-a-hy{Kw kIew kpJ-am-]v\p-bmXv |
28. CUbm thZ-X--h--kvXYm ]nwK-e-ssb-hN
\u`u \ntcm-[-tb-t\ hym[n-`n apNytX \cx
29. amkm-am{Xw {Xnk-ymbmw Pnlz-bm-tcm
-]y-am-cpXw |
AarXw N ]nt_m-m`u aw aw \ntcm-[-tbXv
30. hmXPmx ]nPm tZmjm \iy-tyh \
kwibx |
\mkm`ymw hmbp-am-Irjy t\{X Zztz
\ntcm-[-tbXv
31. t\{X-tcm-Km-hn-\-iyn XYm t{im{X-\n-tcm-[-\mXv
XYm hmbpw kma-tcm-c]y [mc-tbm-n-c -kn-nXw. intcm tcmKm- h n- \ - i yn kXy- a pw ln
kmwIrtX

{]mWm-bm-a-hn-\n-tbm-Ks ]n C\n ]d-bmw. cp

ky-I-fntem {_- ap-lq- ntem a[ym- - k-a-btm
_mly-hm-bp-hns\ BIjnv DZ-c-n \ndv \ndp-pIbpw DZ-cw, \mkm-{Kw, B`n-Im-a-[y-`m-Kw, Imens s]cphn-c Fn-h-bn hmbp \ne-\npIbpw sNbvXm
kh-tcm-K-hn-ap-n-^-ew. \qdp-h-bv hsc Bbpv Inpw.
\mkm-{K-n \nn- bm {]mW- hmbp hiw- hZw BIpw.
\m`n-a-y- n-em-bm kh- tcm-K- i-a\w ^ew. ]mZmw-Kp- jT
v n hmbp \nn- bm ico-c-em-Lhw Dm-Ipw. \mneqsS hmbp ]m\w sNbvXp-sIm-avSn-cvIp-I hynv
oWw, Zmlw Fnh Dm-In-. BtcmKyw e`n-pw.
\mn-eqsS hmbp kzoI-cnv Pnlzm-aq-e
- n \ntcm-[nv
im-ambn AXv ]m\w sNbvXm Akp-J-samw amdpw.
CU-ap-tJs\ hmbp kzmI-cnv AXns\ ]qcnI-ns ayn \ntcm-[nv AXv Aar- X-]m\w Fv `mhn-m khtcm-K-apn ^ew. CU, ]nwKf Ch-bn-eqsS hmbp kzoIcnv \m`n-bn \ntcm-Zn-mepw kh-tcm-K-imn e`n-pw.
Hcp amkw kym-h--\-k-a-b--enepw \mn-eqsS hmbp
AI-tv henv Aar-X-]m-\`- m-h-\-bn-eqsS \m`nbn
Ah-tcm[nm kIe tZmj-epw ian-pw. cv \mknIm-c-{--fn-eq-sSbpw hmbp Dn-tev BIjnv cp
Ip-I-fnepw \ntcm-[n-m t\{X-tcm-K--sfmw ian-pw.
Cns\ hen-s-Sp hmbp-hns\ I--fn \ntcm-[nm Fm I-tcm-K- fpw amdn-n-pw. hmbp henv inckn \ntcm-[n-m Fm-hn[ timtcm-tcm-K-fpw amdn-Inp-p. kmwIr-Xn, Rm ]d--sXmw ]c-am-am-W.v

32. kzkvXn-Im-k-\-am-mb kam-lnX a\mkvm

33. A]m-\-aqzm apm]y {]W-th\ iss\x
iss\x
lkvXm`ymw [c-tbXv kayIv ImZn
Ic-Wm\n N

464

I 34. AwKp-jvTm`ymw apt\ t{imt{X XP-\o`ymw

Xp Npjo
\mkm-] p-Sm-h-[m-\m`ymw {]m-Zy-I-c-Wm\n ssh
35. B\-m-hn`thm bmh-m-hm
aq[-\n-[ m-c-WmXv
{]mWx {]bm-Xy-t\-ss\h {_-c{w alm-apt\
36. {_-c{w KtX hmbu \mZ-tmXv
]ZytX f \L
iwJ-[z-\n-\n-`-mZu at[y taJ-z-\n bYm
37 intcm-a-[y-KtX hmbu Kncn-{]-{k-hWw bYm
]mXv {]otXm alm-{]x kmm-Zmtm
ptJm `th-Xv, ]p\-kvX-m-\-\n-jv]-n
tbmKmXv kwkm-c-\n-p-Xn.

sSmw KW-]X
- n-tbbpw kc-kz-Xn-tbbpw kvacn--Ww.
]ns HmwImcw P]n-p-sImv enwK-\m-f-n IqSn ap`mKv \npw hmbp-hns\ kam-Ijnv AXns\ aqe-[m-cayn m]n--Ww. AhnsS hmbp-hns\ \ntcm-[np-sIm-avSn-cp-m Ahn-Ss An {]Zo-]vX-ambn Ipnen-\n-bn-tev Ib-dp-p. ]ns hmbp An-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn,
kpjva-\-bn IqSn apI-fn-tev t]mIp-p.

43. Gh-a-`y-k-X-kvXky PntXm-hm-bp `thXv `riw

{]tkzZx {]Yax ]mXv I\w ap\n-]pw-Kh
44. Dm\w N ico-cky Nn-ta-X-n-tXm-\nte
Gh-a-`y-k-Xk
- vXky aqe-tcmtKm hn\-i yXn
45. `K-cw N \w kyh-tcm-Km kmwIrtX
]mX-Im\n hn\-iyn p{ZmWn N alm-an N

- -Zv`pXw
kzkvXn-Im-k-\-n-en-cpv GIm-{K-Nn--\mbn HmwIm- 46. \t ]mt] hnipw kymn--Z-Wa
c-P-]-tmsS A]m-\-hm-bp-hns\ ]Xps apI-fn-temv
]p\{_-mZn t`mtKt`ym sshcmKyw
sImv hv Im-Zn-Isf Xs cp ssIsImpw \PmbtX lrZn
Xp-t]mse Aa-Ww. Cs\ apI-fnse Fm C{n-b-sebpw Bh-cWw sNbvXv B\-m-\p-`q-Xn-hsc hmbp- 47. hnc-ky Xp kwkm-cm-vRm\w ssIh-eykm-[Iw
hns\ Ahn- sS-Xs \ntcm- [n-Ww Atm {]mW {_tX\-]m-]m-]-lm\nx kymmXzm tZhw
c-{-n {]th-inpw AtXmsS BZyw iwJ-\m-Zw-t]mkZm-inhw
ep #wK-`o-c-[z\n tImw. hmbp intcm-a-[y-n
nXn-sN-p-tm ]h-X-n \nv ]Xn-p Acp-hn- 48. m\-ar-X-ctkm tb\ kIr-Zm-kzm-ZntXm
bp-tS- Xp-t]mse i_vZw tImw. AtXmsS tbmKnv {]k`thXv
X ssIhcpw; B-km-mmcw knnpw kmwkmk kh-Im-cy-ap-rPy Xss{Xh ]cn-[m-hXn
cnI _--fn \nv tamN-\hpw e`n-p-p.
38. Zn-tWm--c-Kpt^\ koh\ow
]oU-tbXv ncw
39. kthy-X-cW Kpt^\ ]nU-tbZv _pn-am-cx
Pmt\zm-c[xnXmw knw kvarXzm tZhw
{Xnbw-_Iw
40. hn\m-bIw N kwkvarXy XYm hmKo-izcow ]p\x
enwK-\m-fmXv kamI jy hmbp-a-]y-{KtXm apt\
41. {]W-th\ \nbp-t\ _np bpt\
_pn-am
aqem-[m-cky hnt{]{ at[y Xw Xp \ntcm-[-tbXv
42. \ncp[ym hmbp\m Zo]vtXm hn-cq-lXn
Ieow
]p\x kpjp-av\bm hmbp hn\m
kl-K--Xn.

49. m\-kz-cq-]-ta-h-d-lp PK-tZ-X-Zzn-e

- Ww
A-kz-cq-] -a-m-\m-Xv]-iy-y-t\y-Ip-Zr-bx
50. B-kz-cq] hnm-\m-Zvm-\ky ]cn-bx
ntW-mt\ alm-{]m cmKm-Zo\mw
]cn-bx
51. cmKmZy kw`th {]m-]p-Wy-]m] hna\w
Xtbm\m-tim-i-co-tcW \w]p\x kw{]-bp-Py
tX CXn.

Cs\ \nc--c- amb A`ym-k- m hmbp-hns\ Pbnmw. BZyw hnbp-mIpw; ]ns hnd-b ]ns icoc-n Duz-K-a-\w. Cu e-W--sfmw hmbp-hns\
Pbn-m-\p-h
- b
- mWv Cu A`ymkw \nc-cw sNp-hs tcmK-samw \in-p-p. {]mW-bm-a-m `K-cw
XpS-nb tcmK-epw ian-p-p. ]m]\mihpw Dm-hpp. a\v Im-Sn-t]mse ip-am-Ipw. {_m-Zn-tZ-hamKpZ-n\pw D]--n\pw at[y-bp \mUn-bmWv cpsS B\--km-{-amb temIw {]m]n--W-sa Bibpw
koh-\n. Fp-sIm-s- m AXmWv ico-c-ns cp ian-pw. t`mK-P-\y-amb kpJ--fn hncn Dm-Ipp.
`mK--sfbpw kwtbm-Pn-n-p--Xv. koh-\nsb Xs Ccp- ]c-am t_m[w P\n-p-p. hnj-b- \-s-m
h-i--fn-tepw Aan Dd-n-cpv apn-\p-Xm-tg-bp ]m]-]p-Wv Ah-ti-jn-p-n- . AtXmsS ]p\Pa{Xnbw-_Iw F tPmXn- -enw-Ks `mh-\- sN-- Ww. AtXm- sa- Sp-t ImXyhpw Dm-In-.

465

I Ggmw Jw.
1. AYmXx kw{]-h-yman {]Xym-lmcw alm-apt\
C{n-bmWmw hnN-cXmw hnj-tbjp kz`m-hXx
2. _em-Zm-l-cWw tXjmw {]Xym-lcx k DNytX
bXv ]iyXn Xp Xkhw {_-]-iy
kam-lnXx
3. {]Xym-ltcm `th-tZj {_-hnZv`nx ]ptcm-ZnXx
bZyXv ip-am-ipw hm ItcmXym ac-Wm-nIw
4. Xhw {_tW IpcymXv {]Xym-lcx k
DNytX
AYhm \nXy-ImWn {_m-cm-[\ _pnXx
5. Imaym\n N XYm IpcymXv {]Xym-lmcx k DNytX
AYhm hmbp-am-Irjy m\mXv m\w
\ntcm-[-tbXv
6. Z-aq-em-Ym IWvtT IWvTm-Zp-c-kn-am-cpXw
Dtcm-tZ-imZv kam-Irjy \m`n-tZti \ntcm-[-tbXv
7. \m`n-tZ-imXv kam-Irjy Ipeymw
Xp\n-tcm-[-tbXv
Ip-eo-tZ-itXm hnZzm aqe-[mtc
\ntcm-[-tbXv
8. AYm-]m-\mXv ISn-Zztz XtYmcu N kpa-[yta
Xkvam-m-\p-Zztb PwtL ]mZmw-KpjvtT
\ntcm-[-tbXv
9. {]Xym-lm-tcmb apkvXp {]Xym-lm-ck
- vasscx
]pcm
Gh-a-`ymk bpky ]pcp-jky alm-\x
alm-ap-t\, C\n Rm {]Xym-lm-c-s-n ]d-bmw.
kzm`m-ths\ hnj-b
- -fn k-cn-p C{nbsf
_e-ambn C{n-b- - en \nv {]Xym-l-cn-p-I-bmWv {]Xymlm-cw. a\p-jy ImWp-- sXmw {_- amWv Fp `mh\-tbmsS {_-n Xs a\- ns\ GIm- {K-am-p--Xn\v
{]Xym-lmcw Fv ]d-bp-p. acWw hsc a\p-jy sNbvXnp Fm ip`m-ip-`-I-epw Ah ]c-am-m-hn
kan--Ww. AXpw {]Xym-lm-c- am-Wv. \nXy-I-epw
`K-h-Zn-X- I-epw {]Xym-lm-c-n s]Sp-p. hmbphns\ Hcp m\v \nv BIjnv asmcp m\v
Dd-n--Ww. Z-aq-e-n \nv hmbp-hns\ BIjnv
lrZ-b-nepw lrZ-b-n \nv \m`n-bn- tepw \m`n- bn
\n Ip-en-\n-bn-tepw Ip-en-\n-bn \nv aqem[m-c-n-tepw m]n--Ww. hopw AhnsS\nv amn
IvSn{]-tZ-i-ns cv hi--fn-tepw B-Ww. ]ns
XpS-I- fpsS ay-`m- Kv m]n--Ww. XpS-I-fn \nv appI-fnepw app-If
- n \nv IWw-Im-ep-I-fnepw IWw-Im-epI-fn \nv Imense s]cp-hn-c-ep-I-fnepw sImp-t]mbn

hmbp-hns\ \ntcm-[n-p-I. {]mNo-\-Imew apX {]Xym-lmc-{]-{In-bb

- n apgp-In-I-gn alm-m--sfmw CXn-s\bmWv {]Xym-lmcw Fv Nqn-Im-Wn-n-p--Xv.

10. kh-]m-]m\n \iyn `h-tcm-K kp{hX

\mkm`ymw hmbp-am-Irjy \nex
kzkvXn-Im-k\x
11. ]qc-tb-Z-\n-ew hnZzm-\m-]m-ZX
- e akvXIw
]m-Xv]m-ZZ- ztb XZzm aqem-[mtc XtYh N.
12. \m`n-It N lrt[y IWvT-aqte N XmeptI
{`pthmat[y eemtS N XYm aq[\n [mc-tbXv
13. tZtl kzm-aXnw hnZzm kam-Irjy
kam-lnXx
B-\m-\n \nZztz \nhn-It]
\ntcm-[-tb-Xv.
14. {]Xym-lmcx kam-JymXx kmmXv
thZm--th-Zn`nx
Gha-`y-kX
- k
- vXky \ InNn-Z]n Zpe`w
{]Xym-l mcw ioen-p--hc
- psS kI-e]
- m-]
- pew
kmwkm-cn-IZpxJhpw ian- p-p. nc-Nn--\mbn kzkvXnIm-k-\-n-en-cpv cp \mkn-Im-c-{--fn-ep-sSbpw hmbphns\ BIjnv ]mZw apX inc-p-hs
- c-bp m\-fn \nd-bvvWw. ]ns cv ]mZ--fnepw aqem-[m-cnepw \m`n-I- -nepw lrZ- b-a-[y- nepw s\n- bnepw incnepw hmbn-hns\ m]n--Ww. hmbp-[m-c-I-amb {]Xymlm-ca
- m-Wn-Xv. GIm-{K-Nn--\mbn B- _pn ]cn-Xy-Nnv
\nhn-I-amb Bm-hn B-_pn m]n--Ww.
CXp- Xs bYm-amb {]Xym-lm-c-sav thZm- - th-Zn- I
]d-bp-p. Cs\ {]Xym-lmcw A`y-kn-p--h\v temIn- sempw Zpe-`-am-In-.

Fmw Jw
1. AYXx kw{]-h-yman [mcWmx ] kp{hX
tZl-a-[y-KtX thymav\n _mlym-Imiw Xp
[mc-tbXv
2. {]mtWm _mly-\new XZz-z-et\ Nmn-au-Ztc
tXmbw tXmbw-itI `qanw `qan-`mtK alm-apt\
3. lb-h-c-eI
- m-cmJymw a{-ap-m-c-tbXv {IamXv
[mc-ssWjm ]cm-t{]mm kh-]m]
hntim-[n\o
4. Pm\zmw ]rYnho-lywtim ly]mw-]m-bz
--ap-NytX
lrZ-bmw-ik
- vX-Y-ymwtim {`qa-[ymtm
\nemw-iIx

466

I 5. BIm-imw-i-kvXYm {]m aqmwix

]cn-IonXx
{_mWw ]rYn-ho-`mtK hnjvWpw
tXmbmw-itI XYm
6. Aywti N atl-im-\a
- o-kzcw Nm\n-emw-itI
BIm-imwti alm-{]m [mc-tbp
kZm-inhw
7. AYhm Xh hyman [mcWw ap\n-]pw-Kh
]pcpj kh-im-kvXmcw t_m[m-\--abw inhw.
8. [mc-tbXv _pn-am-nXy kh-]m-]-hn-ip-tb
{_m-Zn-Im-cy-cp-]mWn tkz tkz
kwlrXy ImcWw
9. kh-Im-c-Wa
- -hy- -a-\n-cq-] y-a-tN-\ Xw
kmm-Zm-\n kw]qt [mc-tbXv
{]W-thh Xp
C{n-bmWn kam-lrXy a\-km-\n tbmP-tbXv
tlm, kp{h-X, C\n Rm A-tbmSv ]-[m-c-W-Isf- p-d nv ]d-b mw. tkzl- n-X -amb BIm-i - n
_mlym-Im-is [cn--Ww. As\ {]mW-\n \nv
_mly-hm-bp-hn-s\bpw PT-cm-n-bn \nv _mlym-nsbbpw tZl-P-e-n \nv _mly Pe-sbpw `qhn-`mKv `qan-sbbpw [cn--Ww. Hn-s\bpw [cn-p-tm
bYm-{Iaw lw, bw, cw, hw, ew Fo _oP-a-{- Dcn--Ww. Cu [mcWw kh-t{ijvThpw kh-]m-]-l-c-hpam-Wv. ]mZw apX apv hsc-bp `mKw `qan-bpsS Awisapw app-ap-X KpZw hsc-bp `mKw Pemw-i-sapw
KpZw apX lrZbw hsc-bp `mKw Aymwiw Fp
lrZbw apX {`qa[yw hsc-bp `mKw hmbp-hns
Awiw Fp intcm- `mKw BIm-imw- i-sap ]d-b-s-Sp-p.
`qan-bpsS Awi-n {_m-hn-s\bpw Pemw-i-n
hnjvWp-hn-s\bpw Aymw-i-n atl-iz-c-s\bpw hmbnhns Ai-n Cuiz-c-s\bpw BIm-i- n kZm inhs\bpw [ym\n--Ww. asmcp [mc-Wsbn C\n ]d-bmw.
m\n-I kzmm-hn t_m[-a-b\pw B\-a
- -b\pw
Ieym-W-a-b\pw Bb ]c-am-m-hns\ \nXyhpw [cn--Ww.
Cs\ sNbvXm kh ]m]-ap-n-\m-Ipw. Imcy-cq-]-fmb {_m-Zn-Ise Ah- cpsS Imc-W-n ebn-nv _pnsmw A\nh-N-\o-b\pw ]c-a-Im-c-W-]p-cp-j\pw Ahy-\p-amb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ kzmm-hn [mc-W-sN-Ww
As\ sNp-tm Xs a\-n-e\v kI-e-I-em-bp-amb HmwIm-c-cq-]n-bmb ]c-ta-iz-c-\n kzbw kaWw
sN-Ww.

H]Xmw Jw

1. AYmXx kw{]-h-yman [ym\w

kwkm-c-\m-i\w
EXw, kXyw, ]cw-{_ kh-kw-kmtc t`jPw
2. Duz-tcXw hniz-cq]w hncq-]mw atl-izcw
tkml-an-Xym-Z-tc-ssWh [ymtb-tZym-Ko-iz-tc-izcw
3. AY-hm-k -Xy-ao-im\w m\-am-\-a
- -Zzbw
AXy-a-New \nXy-am-Zn-a-ym hnXw
4. XYm f qe-\m-I m-i-a-kw-kv]r-iy- a-Nm- pjw
\ ckw \ NK-mJy a{]-ta-b-a-\p-]aw
5. Bm\w kn-Zm-\
- -aw {_ kp{hX
Al-a-kvao-Xy-`v[ ym-tb-ty-bm-X oXw hnap-tb
6. Gh a`ym-k-bp-ky ]pcp-jky alm-\x
{Iam-tZz-Zm--hn-m\w hnPm-tbX \ kwibx
C\n kwkm-c -\m-i-I-amb [ym\-s-n ]dbmw.
tbmKo-iz-camv Cuiz-c -\m-b -h\pw hncq-]m- \pw
Du-tc-Xpw kIe kwkm-cZpxJn\v GI-am-ss{Xj-[hpw hniz-cq-]\pw atl-iz-c\pw kXy-kz-cq-]-\p-amb ]c{_-s B-cq-]n `n]qw [ym\n--Ww. B
[ym\w ]c-{_ Rm Xs-bm-sW `mh-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-SnXsbmbn-cn--Ww. [ym\w asm-c p-hn-[-n-ep-am-h mw.
kth-iz-c\pw kXy-kz-cq-]\pw B\-a
- -b\pw AZzn-Xob\pw \na-e\pw m\-kz-cq-]\pw BZy-a- ym--lo-\\pw
\nXy\pw Atlm-N-c\pw tZlm-Xo-X-\p-amb ]c-am-m-hns\
Nnn-p-I. _pn-sImv B ]c-{_ Rm Xs-bmsWv `mhn-p-Ibpw thWw. Cu hn[-n-ep Nnbnepw A`ym-k
- -enepw ebn-n-cn-p alm-m-hns\
thtZm--amb {_-X-Xz-ns kwi-b-c-ln-X-amb hntij-m\w e`n-pw.

]mw Jw
1. AYmXx kw{]-h-yman kam[nw `h-\m-i\w
kam[nx kwhn-Zp-Xv]nx ]c-Po-ssh-I-Xmw-{]Xn
2. \nXyx kh-K-tXm-lymm IqStm
tZj-hnXx
GIx kw`n-ZytX {`mym ambbm \ kzcq-]Xx
3. Xkvam-Z-ssZz-X-ta-hm-kvXn\ {]]tm \
kwkrXnx
bYm-Itim LS-Imtim aTm-Imi CXo-cnXx
4. XYm {`mss Zzn[m t{]mm lymm
Poth-izcm
\m, \mlw tZthm \ N {]mtWm t\{n-bmWn
at\m \ln.

467

I 5. kZm kmn kzcq-]-Xzm-nh Ghmkvan tIhex

m `n-am-bn-Im-W-s-Sp-p. bYm-n Pohm-- -X-sCXn [ocym ap\n-t{ijvT km kam-[n-cn-tlm-NytX ]-c-am-m-v t`Z-an-. AXn-\m AssZz-X-`m-h\
bmWv kXyw. {]]w Fsm-n-. BIm-i-s-Xs
6. kmlw {_ \ kwkmco \ atm f \yx
LSm-Im-i-sapw aTm-Im-i -s apw ]d-bp- -Xp-t]mse
IZm-N\
Am\nI Hcp Cuiz-c-s\-Xs Poh-s\pw {_bYm t^\-Xc
- w-KZn kap-{Zm-Zp-n\w ]p\x
sapw cp-hn-[- n ImWp-p. Bcv kzbw tZl- sapw
7. kapt{Z eobtX XZz--ka--\p-e-btX
{]mW-s\pw C{n-b-s apw a\-spw Icp-X msX
kmn-kz-cq-]-n nXn-sN-p Htc-in-h-cq-]-amb ]cXkvam a\x ]rY-Mv\mkvXn PKambm N
\mkvXn ln am-mhv Xs-bm-sWv Icp-Xp--Xv, Ah-cpsS Cu hn[8. bsskyhw ]c-am-mbw {]Xyp-Kv`pXx {]Im-inXx ap \n-bm-I _pn-sb-bmWv kam-[n-sbv ]d-bp-Xv. bYm-n Rm Cuiz-c-\m-Wv, kwkm-c-_-k Xp bmXn N ]p`mhw kzbw
n AI-s-n-cn-p Pohn-b- , Fn \nv `n-ambn
kmm-Xv]-cm-arXw
Hcp hkvXp-hn\pw AnXzw C \ncbpw ]Xbpw kap-{Z9. bZm a\kn ssNX\yw `mXn kh-{XKw kZm n \np-mbn kap-{Z-n Xs hnebw sImptbmKnt\m f hyh-[m-t\\ XZm-kw-]-ZytX kzbw
- Xp-t]mse Cu PKpw Fn \np Dmbn Fn
10. bZm khmWn `qXm\n kzm-t\yh ln ]iyXn Xs ebn-p-p. AXn-\m krnv Imc-W-`q-X-amb
a\pw Fn \nv `n-a-. ]c-am-m-hn\v kzm-cq-]kh-`q-tXjp Nmm\w {_-kw-]-ZytX XZm
11. bZm khmWn `qXm\n kam-[ntm \ ]iyXn n ImWp hyn {_Xzw {]m]n-p-p. m\n
kh-Po-hn-I-sfbpw Xn Xs ImWp-Ibpw Fm PohnGIo-`qXx ]tc-Wku XZm `hXn tIhex
I-fnepw Xm nXn-sN-p--Xmbn {Kln-p-Ibpw sNp12. bZn ]iyXn Nmm\w tIhew ]c-amXx
p. kam-[n- ]c-am-m-hp-ambn XmZmyw {]m]nv
ambm-am{Xw PK-ZvIrkv\w XZm `hXn \nhrXnx Xn \nv `n- ambn Hcp {]mWn- tbbpw ImWm-Xn- cn-p
- n Xs13. Gh-apzm k `K-hm Zm-t{Xtbm alm-ap\nx Ah hcp-tm Ah ]c-am--kz-cq-]
bmWv nXn-sN-p--Xv. Xs Bm-hns\ am{Xw kXykmwIrXnx kzkz-cq-t]W kpJ-am-kvtXXn
kz-cq-]-n ImWp-Ibpw kh-P-K-n-t\bpw amb-bpsS
\n`bx
eoem-hn- em-k-sav a\-n- em-p-Ibpw sNp- tm Ah
temI-hp-am-bp _-sf hnt-Zn-p kam-[n- ]c-am-\w {]m]n-p-p. Cs\ D]-tZiw \In-b-Xn-\psb-n C\n ]d-bmw. ]c-am-m-hn-sbpw Pohm-m-hn- tijw Zm-t{X-b au\w-`p-Pnp kmwIr-Xn-ap\n B D]sbpw GIo-`m-hs kw_-n-n-p \n-bm--I-amb tZiw {Klnv Xs bYm cq]-n Ccp-p-sImv
_pn-b psS {]I-S \w Xs-b mWv kam-[ n. Bmhv `b-c-ln-X\pw B\--a-b\pw Nn-b-kz-cq-]-\p-am-bn.
\nXyhpw GI-c-k-bp-hpw kh-hym-]nbpw kh-tZm-jPm_m-e-Zi-t\m-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
hn-lo-\h
- p-amWv AXv Hm-sW-nepw ambm-P-\n-X- amb {`a-

Pm_m-eyp-]-\n-jv

imn-]mTw
Hmw B]ym-bp aamw-Km\n hmIv {]mWm-p-t{im-{X-atYm _e-an-{n-b mWn N khm-W n.
khw {_tm-]-\n-j-Zw. amlw {_ \ncm-Ipcymw
amam {_ \ncm-I-tcm-Z-\ncm IcW akvXz-\n-cm-I-

cWw ta AkvX p. XZm--\n-c tX b D]-\ n-j-p[kvtX abn kp tX abn kp.

Hmw imnx imnx imnx
Fs Awl- ]pn {]m]n--s. hmv {]ma
t\{Xw t{im{Xw _ew C{n-b- Fmw ]pn {]m]n--

468

I s. Fm D]-\n-j-p-Ifpw {_-am-Ip-p. Rm {_sbpw {_w Fsbpw ssIhn-Sm-Xn-cn--s. A-s\bp F\nv D]-\n-j-n {]Xn-]m-Zn--s-n-p [ ssIh-c-s. Ah Fn Dsm--s. Hmw imnx
imnx imnx

1. lcn Hmw AY ssl\w `K-hw Pm_menw ss]em`nw ]{] `K-hm ta {_qln ]c-a-XXz clkyw
ss]-em-Zn-`K
- -hm-\mb Pm_m-en-tbmSv tNmZnp: `Khms\ As-\nv ]c-a-X-Xz-ckyw ]d-p-X-cmtam?

2. Inw Xzw tIm Pohx Ix ]ipx Ix Cuix tIm

tamtm-]mb CXn.
FmWv XXzw? FmWv Poh? FmWv ]ip?
BcmWv Cuiz-c? tamtm-]mbw FmWv?

3. k Xw tlmhmN km[p ]rw, khw \nth-Zbman bYm mX-an-Xn.

Pm_men ]dp: tNmZyw Ghpw D-a-am-bn-cn-pp. AXn-\m F\n--dn-bm-hp--sXmw Rm ]dp
Xcmw.

4. ]p\x k Xap-hm-N- I
- p-X-kvXbm m\-anXn
5. ]p\x k Xap-hm-N- j
- Um-\-\m-ZnXn
6. ]p\x k Xap-hm-N- t- X\mY IptXm mX anXn
7. ]p\x k Xap-hm-N- t- Xt\-im-\m-ZnXn
8. ]p\x k Xap-hm-N- I
- Yw Xkvam-t\
mX anXn
9. ]p\x k Xap-hm-N- X
- Zp-]m-k-\m-ZnXn
10. ]p\x k Xap-hm-N- `- K-h Ir]bm ta kclkyw khw \nth-Z-tbXn
ss]n-emZn ]dp: Av Cu ]ca XXz-c-lkyw
Fs\ Adnp:
Atlw Fhn-sS-\n--dn-p.
Rm jap-J-\n \npw Adn-p.
Atlw Cuiz-c-\n\ndn-p.
Atlw F-s\-bm-W-dn-Xv?
Atlw D]m-k\ sIm- dn-p.
`K-hms\ Fm B cl- ky--sfmw Zb-hp-sNbvXv
F\np ]dp Xcp-I.

ktX\ ]rx khw \nth-Z-bm-amk XXzw

]ip-]-Xn-c-lw-Im-cm-hnx kwkmco Poh Gh ]ipx
khx ]-Ir-Xy-k-x kth-izc Cuix
]ip-] Xnx

ss]-em-Zn-bm Cs\ tNmZn--sv Pm_men

Fmw ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p. Alw-Im-c-bp--\mb ]ip-]Xn
Xs-bmWv {]m]-n-I-Po-h-\mb ]ip-hm-bn-o-cp--X v.
kh-\pw krn, nXn, kwlm-cw, Xntcm-`m- hw, A\p{Klw Cu Ap IrXy--fn k-\pw kth-iz-c-\pamb Cuiz-c Xs- bmWv ]ip-]-Xn.

12. tI ]ih CXn ]p\x k Xap-hmN Pohm ]ih

Dmx XXv]-Xn-XzmXv ]ip-]Xn?
ss]- emZn tNmZnp: ]ip BcmWv? Pm_men ]d- p.
Poh Xs-bmWv ]ip. Ah-bpsS ]Xn-bm-b-Xp-sImv
At-ls ]ip-]Xn Fp ]d-bp-p.

13. k]p-\ kvX w tlm hmN IYw Pohmx ]ih

CXn? IYw XXv
]Xn-cnXn?
ss]-emZn hopw At-l-tmSv tNmZnp: Pohs\
]ip- shv Fp- sImv ]d- bp- p. Fs\ Cuiz-c AhbpsS ]Xn-bm-Ip-p.

14. k X ap hm N bYm Xr Wmint\m hnth-Ilo\mx ]c-t{]jymx Irjym-Zn-I-kp-\n-bpmx

kIe ZpxJ k lmx kz kzman-_ -[ y-am\m Khm
Zbx ]ihx bYm XXv kzman\x Ch kh
Cuix ]ip-]Xnx
Pm_men ]d-p: ]pp- Xn- p- -hbpw hnth-I-an- m- hbpw A\yv Zmkyw sNp- -h bpw Irjn-I m-c ypw apw D]-tbm-K -s-S p- p- -h bpw ]e-h n[
ZpxJepw kln-p--hbpw _-\
- n Ign-bp--hbp-amb ]ip apX- emb arK- GsX-nepw bP-am-\s
A[o- \-X-bn Ign-bp--Xp-t]mse Fm Poh\pw kh- \mb Cuiz-c s A[o-\ -X -b n Ign-b p- -X p-s Imv
Cuizc ]ip-]X
- n-bm-bn.

15. XXvm\w tIt\m-]m-tb\ PmbtX?

16. ]p\x k Xap-hm-N- h
- n-`qXn [mc-Wm-tZ-h.
17. XXv {]Imcx IY-an-Xn, Ip{X Ip{X [mcym?
ss]-e mZn: B m\w Fs\ t\Smw?
Pm_men hn`qXn [mcWw sImv B m\w knn-pp. ss]-emZn: AXns hn[n FmWv? GtX-sXmw
m\--fn-emWv AXv [cn-t-Xv?

18. ]p\x k Xap-hmN ktZym-Pm-XmZn ]-{_

ass{ `kva kwKrly An-cnXn `kvta \yt\X
A`n- a - {y- a m- \ - k v t XmI CXn kar- y- X y- P -t e\
kw krPy {Xymbp- j - a nX n intcm- e - e m- S - h x
kv I t- j znXn Xnkr- ` n- k v X ym- b p- s sj- k v { Xbw
_ssIx kvXnt{km tcJmx {]Ipho-X-{hX taXXv
imw`hw kthjp thtZjp thZ-h m-Zn-` n-c pw

469

I `hXn XXv kam-N-tcXv apap-p\ ]p\`-hmb

AXns {]Y-a-t cJ Kml-]-Xymn ctPm-KpWw

AImcw `qtem-Iw, kzmmhv {Inbm-i- n, EtKzZw {]mXx
Pm_men ]dp: ktZym PmXmZn ]-{_-a
- -{kh\w Fn-h-bpsS {]Xo-I-am-W.v AXns tZhX {]Pm-]m `kva-sa-Spv An-cnX `kva F a{-m
Xn- bm-Ip-p. AXnse ZznXo-b-tcJ Zn-Wm-n, DImcw kXzAXns\ [cn-p-Ibpw sh-n Ipgv {Xymbpjw F
Kp-Ww, A-co temIw, A-cm-mhv Cm-i -n,
a{-m Xe, s\n, s\n, tXm Fo `mK--fn
bPqthZw am[y-n-\k
- -h\w Fn-h-bpsS {]Xo-I-am-Wv.
{Xmbp- jw, ss{Xyw_Iw Fo a{- -fm aqp tcJ hcAXns tZhX hnjvWp-hm-Ip-p. XrXob tcJ Bl-h-\obvp-Ibpw sNpI F imw`-h-{hXw kIe thZ-bmn aImcw Xtam KpWw ZyptemIw ]c-am-mhv m\fnepw thZ-hm- Zn-I- fmepw ]d-b-s-n-cn- p-p. Cu {hXw BNin kma-thZw XrXob kh\w Fn-h-bpsS {]Xo-I-amcn-m apap-p-v ]p\Pw Dm-hp-I-bn-.
Wv. AXns tZh-X-a-lm-tZ-h\
- m-Ip-p. `kvaw sImmWv
19. AY k\Xv Ipamcx {]amWw ]rXn {Xn]p- {Xp]pw [cn-t--Xv.

{- [ m- c - W ky {Xn[m tcJm Be- e mSm ZmNptjm cm{`p-thma-[y-X

k\-X vI p-a m-c AXn\v {]amWw tNmZn- -tm
Pm_men ]dp: inc- n\pw Np- n\pw ]pcn-I pw at[y-bmbn {Xn]p{w [cn--Ww.

20. bm f ky {]Yam tcJm km Kml- ] Xy

Imtcm ctPm `qtemIx kzmm {Inbm-i n
EtKzZx {]mXx kh\w {]Pm-]-XntZthm tZh-tXXn. bmky ZznXob tcJm km ZnWm ncp-Imcx
k z- a - - c o- - a - - c m m tN m i n
bPpthtZm am[y- n-\-k -h\w hnjvWp tZthm
tZh-tXXn bm f ky XrXob tcJm km f lh\obm aIm-ck
- vXtam Zyu temIx ]c-amm m\inx kma-th` kv{XoXob kh\w alm-tZthm
tZh-tXXn {Xn]p{w `kva\m ItcmXn

21. tbm hnZzm {_-Nmco Krlo hm\-{]tm

bXn hm k alm-]m-X-tIm-]-]mX tI`yx ]qtXm
`hXn. k khm tZhm t[ymtXm `h-Xn. k
kthjp Xotjp kv\mtXm `h-Xn, kI-e-cp{Z-a-{-P]o `h-X n, \ k ]p\-c m-htX \ k
]p\-cm-htX CXn Hmw kZn-Xyp-]-\n-jX
- v.
Cu {Xp]p-{-tc-J-I [cn-p m\n {_-Nmcntbm Krl-t\m hm\-{]-t\m k\ym-kntbm Bcmbmepw Ah alm-]m-X-I- -fn \npw D]-]m-X-I-fn
\npw ap-\mbn `hn-p-p. Ah kI-e-tZ-h- m-scbpw
[ym\n--h-\m-Ip-p. kh-Xo--fnepw kv\m\w sNbvXh-\mbn Xocp-p. Ah kh-cp-{Z-a-{-fpw P]n--h\
- pam-bn-o-cp-p. Ah\v ]p\P--an-. CXv kXy-amWv Fv
D]-\n- jv
Pm_m-eyp-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

Xpco-bm-Xn-tXm-]-\n-jv 3

imn-]mTw

1. AY Xpco-b m-X o-X m-h -[ q-X m\mw tImbw amHmw. ]q-aZx ]q anZw. ]qmXv ]q- kvtXjmw Im nXn coXn ]nXm-atlm `K-hw
ap-Z-N ytXx ]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]q-tahm ]nX-c-am-Zn-\m-cm-bWw ]cn-k-ta-tXym-hmN Xaml `Khm \mcm-b tWm tbm f ba-h -[ q-X-amtm
hin-j y-tX.
temtI Zpe-`X
- tcm \ Xp _mlpteym NtXy tIm
Hmw Cu ]c- {_w ]q-am- Wv. Cu {]]- hpw ]q- `hXn k Gh \nXy ]qXx k Gh sshcmKy
am-W.v ]q-{_-
- n \npw ]q-{]-]w Dm-Ip- aqn k Gh m\m-Imc k Gh thZ ]pcpj
p. ]q- n \nv ]qw FSp-mepw ]qw Ah- CXn m\nt\m aXyt
ti-jn-p-p.

470

I alm-]pcptjm bkvX-nw atbm hmh-Xn-jvTntX Alw

p-p. Rm Ahs Dn nXn sNp-p. Bcw-`N Xkvan t\m hmh nXntkm f bam`u XmhXv {ItaW n IpSo-N-I-\mbn ]ns Ah _lp-Z-I-t{i-Wn-bn
IpSo-NtIm _lp-XXzw {]m]y _lq-ZtIm lwk Xza-h- {]th-in-p-p. AXn \nv lwk-\mbpw lwk-\n
- ew_y lwkx ]c-a-lwtkm `qXzm kzcq-]m-\p-k-m-t\\ \nv ]c-a-lw-k-\mbpw Xocp-p. Ah B-kz-cq-]k
kh-{]-]w hnZnXzm Z-I-a-ep ISn-kq-{X-Iu-]o-\m- m- \-m Fm {]]--c- l-ky-fpw {Klnv Zav[w, Ia- -hkv{Xw Fn-hm-Z\w kz hn[yp {Inbm-ZnIw kh-a]vkp kw\yky -ep, ISn-kq{Xw Iu]o-\w, Bm-Z\
ZnKw-_tcm `qXzm hnh-Po-h-evem Pn\ ]cn-{K-l- tbmsS bYm-hn[n A\p-jvTn- t--sXmw sNbvXv Ah Pea]n kwXrPy Xp[z a{ hZm-N-c ucm-`yw-K-kv\m- n-sem-gp-p-p. ]ns ZnKw-_-c-\mbn Pon ht\m[z ]p{m-ZnIw hnlmb euInI sshZnI alyp] em-Pn-\-fpw XyPnv kIe hn[n \ntj[ cmln-Xy- tmsS
kwlrXy kh{X ]pWym-]pWy hnhPntXm m\m- Ign-p-Iq-Sp-p. ucw, A`yw-Kw, Du[z, ]p{w
m-\-a]n hnlmb iotXmjvW kpJZpxJ am\m-h-am\w CsXmpw Ah ssIsm-p-n-. euInI sshZnI
\nPnXy hmk\m {Xb-]qhIw \nm f \nm-Kh ac I--tfbpw Dt]-n-p-p. iotXmjvW kpJZpxJmZn
- fmpw Ah-\n-. hmk\m {Xb-tm-sSmw \n,
cw` Z tZzj Ima-t{Im[ tem`-tam-ljm-ajm kqbm- Nn-Is
- kw-c-- Wm-ZnIw Ziv[zm kz h]pxIpW ]mIm-c-an-h-]-iy- A\n-, Khw, a-cw, Zw`w-, tZzjw, Imaw, t{Im[w,
\mb tX\m\n bta\ em`m-em`u kau IrXzm tKm ]rXym tem`w, tamlw, ljw, Aajw, Akqb B-kw-c{]mW- kw- c- Ww Iqh bXv {]m]vXw tXss\h \ntem- W `mh-\. Ch-sbmw ssIsh-Sn-bp-p. em`m-em` Nnep]x kh hnZym-]m- nXy {]]w `kvan-IrXy kzcq]w bn-. Inp--Xn Xr]vXn-sp {]mW \ne-\np-p.
tKm]-bnXzm tPyjvTm f tPyjvTXzm \ ]mem-]Ix kthmXv \ntem-ep-h-\m-bn-cn-pw. ]mn-Xym-l-m-c-an-. kzcq]w
IrjXz khm--IXz ssZzXw Iev]-bnXzm atm hyXn- tKm]\w sNbvXv Ign-bp-p. kthm-XvIr-hpw AssZz-Xcnx In-mt\ym AkvXoXn tZh KplymZn [\ am- hp-amb cq]s k-ev]n-p-p. Rm Xs ]q
\y] kwlrXy ZpxtJt\m Zznx kptJ\ \m\ptam ZtIm- {_ Fv Icp-Xp-p. ZpxJm ZpxJnXt\m kpJ-n
- m-bn-cn-pw.
cmtK \nkv]rlx kh{X ip`m-ip-`tbm c\-`n-kvt\lx {]lr-jvTt\m BIp-n. cmK \nkv]r-l\
kth-{ntbm ]cax kz]qhm-]m {iam-Nm-c-hnZym [- Ah Xs ]qh-Po-hn-Xm-{iaw hnZy [w {]`mhw
{]- `h a\- \p-kvacw kvXy hm-{k- am-Nmcx khZm Znhm- Fnh kvacn-p-I- bn-. ]m-{i-am-Nmcw ]cn- Xy-Pn-p- p.
\ ka-tXz-\m- kz]v\x khZmf \qtm _mtem v Ah\v cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw Xpey-am-W.v kZm k-cn-p-sIm]nim-Nh tZImIo k-c-\m-kw-`m-jW ]cx kzcq-]-[ym- n-cn-pw. Pe-\m--ehpw Ah\v Ia--ep-hns {]tbmt\\ \ncm-ew_ ah-ew_y kzm \njvTm- \p-Iq-te\ khw P\w \Ip- p. Dm- Z-an- . ]pdsa _mes\ t]msetbm DhnkvarXy Xpco-bm-XoXm h[qX thtjWm ssZzX \njvTm- -s\-tm-se-tbm, ]nim-Nn-s\-tm-setbm `mhnv GIm-In]c {]W-hm-- I-tXz\ tZl-XymKw ItcmXn bx tkmh-[qX bmbn Pohn-p-p. BtcmSpw kwkm-cn-p- n-. kZm kzcq]-[ym-\-\n-c-X- \m-bn-cn-pw. \ncm-ew-_s Ah-ew-_- amn
k IrX- IrtXym `hXo Xyp]-\n-j-Xv.
B-\n-jvT-sbm-gnsI asm hn[ [ym\-sbpw ]cn-Xy]nXm-a-l-\mb {_mhv kzhn-Xm-hmb `K-hm \mcmPn-p-p. C{]-Im-c-ap Xpco-bm-XoX thj-[mcn Ftmgpw
b-Ws ASp-sn Cs\ ]dp: Xpco-bm-h-[q- Xs
AssZz-X- \njvTm ]c-\m-bn-cn-pw. Ah {]mW-hm--I-Xzam-sa-mWv? Ahs nXn Fv? AXp-tIv `K-hm
m tZlw shSn-bp-p. A-s\-bp Ah-[q-X IrX\mcm-b-W ]d- p. Ah-[q-X-am-Nm-cn-I Npcp-- am-Wv.
Ir-Xy-\m-W.v Fv D]-\n-jv hy-am-p-p.
As\ Hcm-sf-n-ep-ap-m-bm Abm \nXy-ip-\pw
Xpco-bm-Xo-tXm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
sshcm-Ky- a-Xnbpw m\m-Im- chpw thZ-]p-cp-j\pw BIpw.
A-s\-bp alm-]p-cp-j
- m Nnw Fn kan-

Q
1

Xpf-kyp-]-\n-jv

AYXpkyp]\njZw hymJymkymax \mcZx

Ejnx AYhmKncx x AarXm Xpfko tZhXm

ap[m _oPw hkpZminx \mcmbWxIenIw

iymaw iymah]p[mw EIv kzcq]mw bKpa\mw

471

I {_m\

{]mWmw Iev]IkvXmw ]pcmW]

TnXmw AartXmhw AarXck acow A\
mw A\ckt`mKZmw sshjvWhow hnjvWp
h `mw ar Xy p P \n_ lnW ow Z i \ mX v
]m]\mio\mw
kv]i\mXv ]mhXnw A`nh
\mXv tcmK\min\ow tkh\arXyp\min\ow
sshIpWv T m\mZv hnhZv l {ow `WmXv
hmbp\{]Zmw {]mZnWymXv Zmcn{Z \min\ow
tkh\m arXyq\min\ow sshIpWTm\mZv
hnhXvl{ow `WmXv hmbp\{]Zmw {]mZn
WymXv Zmcn{Z \min\ow aqet]\mXv ]m]`
Rv P n\ow {LmWXWmZ\ae\min\ow b
Ghw thZ k sshjv W thm `hXn hrYm \
OnymXv, ZrjvSzm {]ZnWw IpcymXv bmw \
kv]rtiXv ]hWn \ hnNnt\zXv bZn hnNnXn
k hnjvWp l `hXn {io Xpfssky hnZv atl
hnjv W p{]nbmssb [oaln Xtm AarXmw
{]tNmZbmXv.

C\n Xpfkn D]\njv ]cnNn\ hnjbammw

AXns Ejn \mcZ\mWv. Ov AYhmwKncv .
AarX XpfknbmWv tZhX kp[ _oPw . hkp[min.
\mcmbW IoeIw. IrjvWhbpw IrjvWicocnWn
bpw EtKzZ kzcq]bpw bpthZNnmIbpw
AYhthZ{]mWbpw thZmwKlkvXbpw AartXmev]
bpw AarXckaRvPco kzcq]bpw A\ kpJ{]
Zbpw sshjvWhnbpamb Xpfkn hnjvWp{]nbbmIpp.
P\\acW\min\nbmWv, ImWpXp sImv Xs
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p. AXv shdpsX AdpcpXv. Adpm Ah
hnjvWp `Khm\v {]nbshfmIpp, AarX kzcq]
bmWv. AXns\ \akvcnpI. Cu hnjWp{]nbbmb
Xpfknsb \mw [ym\npp. AXn `n hlnpp.
A arX k zcq]bmb A X v A arXXz n\v \s
t{]cnnpp.

AartX AarX cq]mkn I

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kZm aZKeyZmbntI I

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k wk mck mKc n \n v D cn pI. e v ao
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t\sc t\mpI. sNdpXmsWnepw \o hrw Xs.
Fs Am\aIddn Fs ImpI \o Pcm lo\
bmWv. Hnt\mSpw \ns\ D]anm\mhpIbn.
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bZt{KthZ imkv{XmWn I
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AartXm]\nj{Ztk I
Xzw amapc IeymWn I
alm]m]mZ_v[oZpkvXcmXv I

472

kthjma]n]m]m\mw I
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hn\m]n Xpfkn hn{]mx I
tb]n {imw {]IphtX I
hrYm `hXnXv {imw I
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Xpfkn ]{XaprPy I
bZn ]qPmItcmXnbx I
Bkpcokm`thXv]qPm I
hnjvWp {]oXoIco \ N I
bw Zm\w C]w Xow I
{immZyw tZhXm\w I
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Xpfko ZmcpaWn`nx I
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k hn{]x izbNm[ax I
bmsXmns A{`mKn thZimkv{Xw \nesImffpp,B Xpfknsb Rm {]Wanpp. tl Xpfkn,
\o evanbpsS kJnbpw IeymWabnbpw ]m]l{nbpw
]pWyZm{XnbpamWv. hnjvWp{]nbbpw \mcZmcm[nXbpw
Bb \o {_mhns B\m{iphn \npmbhfmWv
hrmh\hmknbmb \okwhmwK[mcnWnbmWv. Fs

alm]m]amIp kap{Zn\nv Asc ISpI.

kIe ]m]n\pw {]mbnw \obmWv tZhEjn
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XXzw Adnbm {_W NWvU mfs\m \oN\mIpp.

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th Zh ymkmb, th Zh ymkx ip Imb, i ptIm
h matZ h mb, h ma tZ th m ap \ n`y x ap \ tbm
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tahm]vt\mXn CXyp]\njXv
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{_mhv \mcZk\ImZnIpw k\ImZnI thZhym
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a\pjypw ]dp sImSpXmWv. CXv Adnbph
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1. {XninJn {_mWx BZnXytemIw PKma.

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Inw ImcWw, Inw Bm CXn.

473

I 2. ktlmhmNkhanZw inh Gh hnPm\o ln

Inp \nXyiptm \nct\m hn`pcZzbx inh
GIx tkz\ `mtkZw khw arjvSym X]vXmbx
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hnx t{im{XXzIvNpPnlzm {LmWm\n. B]x
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{]IminpsXsp tNmZnm AhnZymbpamb
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`qXfpsS ImcyImcW t`Zm Awi XXzw,
hmNIhmNyw m\t`Zw, hnjbw, tZhXm tImiw Fo
hn`mK DmIpp. AxIcWw a\v , _pn,
Almcw, Nnw Ch ]tImifmWv. kam\
DZm\, hym\ A]m\ {]mW Ch Av hmbp
fmWv. t{imXw Xzv Pnlz {LmWw Ch Anbn
\npw i_vZw kv]iw cq]w ckw Kw Ch Ap
Pen \npw DmbXmWv. hmWn, lkvX w, ]mZw,
KpZw D]w Ch ]rYznbn \npw DmbhbmIpp.

6. m\ kev] \nbm\p km\m`nam\x

BImi Imcymx IcW hnjbmx kaoIctWm
b\ {KlW {ihW zmkm hmbp Imcy{]m
WmZn hnjbmx i_vZ kv]i cq] ck Kmx
A n I mc y mt\{ hnj tbj v T {L mW
Xm{X hnjbm A `qXm at\m _pymn
lwImcu Nm `qXm.
7. AhImi hn[qX Ziu ]nWvU oIcW
[mcWmx
kqva Xam ssPhXm{X hnjbmx
8. Ghw ZzmZimw Km\n B[ymnIm\n B[n
`uXnIm\ n B [nss ZhnIm\n A{X\nimIc
NXpapJZn izmXm hcpWmizot{m t]{
{]Pm]Xnbam CXy[n tZhXm cpss] ZzmZi\m
Uyw {]hrmx {]mWm GhmwKm\n AwKm
\w XtZhmtXXn.

BImis kw_np Imcyfpw Ax

IcW hnj b fpw m\w k ev ] w \nbw
A\pkm\w A`nam\w ChbmWv kaoIcWw, t\{X
fpsS \naoet\moe\w, {KlWw, {ihWw Dzk\w
Ch hmbphns\ kw_np Imcyfpw mt\
{nb hnjbfmIpp. kwkmcw, Zm\w, Ka\w,
hnk\w, B\w, Ch ]rYznsb kw_nphbmWv. mt\{nbfpsSbpw It{nbfpsSbpw hnjbn {]mWsbpw Xm{XIfpsSbpw
hnjbfpw A`hnncnpp. amP\ Zi\
[mcWI kqva Xm{XIfpsS hnjbfmWv.
B[ymnI w B[n`uXoIw B[nssZhnIw, Fo aqp
`mKfnembn ]{v AwKfpv. Chbn N{,
{_mhv, ZnpI, hmbp, kqcy, hcpW, Aiz\oIpamcm An, C{ Dt]{ {]Pm]Xn ba' Fo
]{v C{nbfpsSbpw A[n tZhXIfpsS cq]n
]{v \mUnIfn nXnsNpp. Ch {]mW
Xs. AhbhfpsS m\cq]w Xs mXmhmbn
AdnbsSpp.

9. A Y th y ma m\ ne m\ e P e m\ mw ] o
IcWanXn mXrXzw kam\tbmtK\ t{im{X
Zzmcm i_vZ KptWm hmKv [ njv T nXm BImti
XnjvT Xn BImiXnjvT Xn. at\mhym\tbmtK\
XzKv Zzmcm kv]i KpWx ]mWy[njvTnXx hmbu
XnjTXn hmbpkvX njTXn _pncpZm\tbmK\
NXpp Zzmcmcq]KpWx ]KpWx XnjvT Xyn
kv X njvT Xn Nna]m\tbmtK\ Pn^zm Zzmcm
ckKpW. D]m[njvTntXm A]vkpXnjvTn B]
kvXjvTn. AlwImcx {]mWtbmtK\x {LmW
Zzmcm K KptWmKpZm[njvTnXx ]rYznhymwXn
jvTXn ]rYznho XnjvTXn b Ghw thZ.

474

BImiw, hmbp, An, Pew, Aw, FnhbpsS

]oIcWw Cu coXnbnemWv. kam\hmbphns kwtbmKm m\w e`npp. t{im{Xm i_vZw
{KlnsSpp. i_vZw BImim[njvTnXamWv. hym\
hmbphns kwtbmKm a\v Xzp aptJ\ kv]iw
Adnbpp. _pn DZm\\pambn tNv Npn\m
cq] {Klnpp. Nnw A]m\ \pamb tbKm
\mp aptJ\ ckw {Klnpp. D]w Pehpambn
tNv AXns IrXyw \nhln pp. {]mWhmbphns
kwtbmKm Almcw AXns {]h\w \S
pp. {LmW KpWw \mknI bpsSXmWv.

Ass{XtX tmIm `hn.

1. ]rYKv `qtX tjmUiIemx kzmt`mKm
]cm{IamXv. Ax IcW hym\mn ck]mbp
\`x{IamXv.
2. apJymXv ]qthmssc`mssK `qtX `qtX
NXpXpx ]qhamImiam{inXy ]rYnhymZnjp
kwnXmx
3. apJymZqt[z]cmtbm \ ]cm\p
cm hnZpx

4.

5.

Ghawtim`y`qkva mt`ymmw
timly `qYm
XkvamZt\ym\yam{inXy tlymXw
t{]mXa\p {IamXv.
]`qXabo `qanx km tNX\ka\znXm
XX Huj[tbm w N XXx
]nWv UmXp hn[mx
ckmkrMv amwk
tatZm n am ip{ImWn [mXhx

AxIcWw hym\, Npv, ckw, KpZw, hym\

Fnh Hmtcm XXznsbpw ]IpXn `mKtmSpw ap
XXzfpsS ]Xn\mdp IeItfmSpw tNXmWv .
BImimZnIfmb Hmtcm `qXnsbpw apJy`mKhpw ap
`qXfpsS ]nnepff \mep `mKfpw ]`qXfn
nXnsNpp. apJy`mKyn\v apIfnepffhsb
kqva `qXsapw ]nnepffXns\ qecq]sapw
[cnpI. cpw At\ym\yw _nncnpp. ChtbmSv
tNv ]m`qXabamb ]rYzn tNX\m XXzw tNXp
amWv. ]noSv ]rYznbn \nv sNSnIfpw Ahpw \mep
hn[w ]nWvUhpw ckcamwktamZmn amipfmb Ggp [mXpfpw cq]w sImffpp.

6. tI Nn tZymKXx ]nWvUmx`qtX`yx kw`mhm

IzNnXv.
Xkva nabx ]nWvtUm \m`n aWvUe
kwnXx

7. Akypaty kvXn lrZbw k\mew ]ZvatIm

iaXv
kXzm hnt\m
tZhmx I{Xlmc tNX\x
]Zm[njvTntXm u
8. Aky _oPw Xax ]nWvUhw tamlcq]w PUw
[\w
htX IWvT am{inXy an{inXy an{io`q
XanZwPKXv
9. {]XyKmcq]mm aq[v\n mt\ ]tc ]tZ.
A in kwbptm PK{Zqt]W `mktX
10. kh{XhtX Pm{KXv kz]v\w Pm{KXn
htX.
kpjp]vXw N Xpcobw N \m\yhmkp
Ip{XNnXv.
[mXp kwtbmKm NnebnSv ]nWvUfpm
Ipp. \m`nm\mWv Aab ]nWvU w. AXns
a[yn \mfbp]tImi kZriamb lrZbw
nXnsNpp. AXnpffn Irmlmcapff
tZhm hknpp. tamlmIamb XtamKpW
]nWv U w FmbnSpw hym]nncnpp. B\
cq]nbmb Hmtcm Bmhpw ]ca]Zamb aq[mhns
m\v A\ intbmsS PKXv cq]n {]Imin
pp. FhnsSbpw Pm{KZhbpv. kz]v\w Pm{K
n nXn sNpp. kpjp]vXn Xpcobw Fo
AhI ap AhIfnen.

11.

12.

13.

14.
15.

khtZtijz\pkyqXXp cq]x
inhmIx
bYm alm^te kth ckmx kh
{]hImx
XssYhm\matb tImi tImimkvXnjvTn
Nmtc.
bYm tImikvXYm Pothm bYm PohkvXYm
inhx
khnImckvXYm Pothm \nhnImckvXYm
inhx
tImimkvXkyhnImckvtX hyhmkp
{]hImx
bYm ckmitb t^\w aY\m tZh PmbtX
at\manaY\mtZh hnIev]m _lhkvXYm
IWm htX Io XXv
XymKmn am]v\p
bmXv, Abt\ ZntW {]m]vtX {]]m`n
apJw KXx

475

anI ^efn kh{X ckw hym]nncnp

Xpt]mse khm\fnepw inhkzcq]w \mep
cq]fn Dv. AhnsS Aab tImin ap
tImi tNcpp. tImiw t]mse Xs Poh\pw
Pohs\tmse Xs ]cammhpw C{Xtb Acapffq.
Poh hnImc klnXhpw ]cammhv hnImcclnXhpam
Ipp. tImiw Xs Pohs hnImcw. AXv Fm Ah
bnepw {]h\\ncXamWv. ]m ISbptm ]X
DIpXpt]mse a\v aZ\w sNptm hnhn[
hnImcfpmIpp. IfpsS AkvXznXzw I
memWv. I XymKamWv imnv tlXp. ZnWmb
\n {]]m`napJyw DmIpp.

16. Almcm`namt\\ Pohx kymn kZminhx

kNmhnthI {]IrXn kwKXym X{X apNytX
17. \m\mtbm\niXw KXzm titXku
hmk\mhimXv
hntammXv kctXyh ayx
IqeZzbw bYm
18. XXx ImehimtZh lym m\ hnthIXx
Dcm`naptJm `qXzm m\mXvm\mcw
{IamXv
19. \m\mtbm\niXw KXzm titXku
hmk\mhimXv
hntammXv kctXyh ayx IqepZzbw
bYm
aq[v\ ym[mbm\x {]mW tbmKm`ymkw
nXc
tbmKmXv kwPmbtX m\w m\mXv
tbmKx{]htX
20. tbmKm\]tcm\nXyw k tbmKo \
{]WiyXn
hnImcw inhw ]tiyXv hnImc
inth\ Xp
21. tbmK {]ImiIw tbmssK [ymtbm\\y
`mh\
tbmKmt\ \ hntZytX Xky`mthm \
knyXn
kZminh AXmbXv ]cammhn\v AlmcbpambXn\mPohtImSnbn {]thintn hcpp.
AhnthImepw {]IrXn kwtbmKmepw AXn\v
taml{KkvXamtIn hcpp. hmkIfn IpSpn ]eXpambn P\ntn hcpw. ayw cp IcIpanSbvs t]mse AetbXmbpw hcpp. ]ns Ime{]`mhm hnthIhpw Bm\hpw t\Sptm
Dcm`napJambn Hcp m\p \nv asmcp m\-

tbvv t]mIpp. {]mWs\ aqmhn [cnv tbmKm`ymk \ncX\mIpp. tbmKm m\hpw m\m tbmKhpw t\Sn \milo\\mIpp. hnImcfnepw
Ah {_`mhw hlnpw. hnImcclnX\mbn A\\y`mth\ {_s [ym\npI As\bpff m\tbmKw knnmh\v apn e`npIbn.

22. XkvamZ`ymktbmtK\ a\x{]mWmn

tcm[tbXv
tbmKo\n inX [mtcW ptctWh
\nIr tbXv
23. inJmm\abohrn bamZyjvSmw K
km[ss\x
m\ tbmKx ItbmKx CtXymtKm
Zzn[m aXx
24. {InbmtbmKatYZm\o. irWp
{_mW ka
AhymIpeky Nnky _\w
hnjtbIy NnXv.
Cs\ tbmKm`ymkm {]mWfn \npw
a\ns\ tcm[nWw InbpsS hmbvebm AXv
tOZnWw. ba\nbamZnIfmb AjvSmwKtbmK km[\
bn \npw m\abnbmb inJ DmIpp. tbmKw
m\tbmKsapw ItbmKsapw cmWv. tl
{_mW ka, Ctm ItbmKsn ]dbmw
AhymIpe\mbh hnjb_fn s]Spn.

25. bXv kwtbmtKm ZznPt{ijvT k N ssZzhn

[yaiv\ptX
I Ihy anXyth hnlntXjzh
Ikp
26. _\w a\tkm \nXyw ItbmK k
DNytX
bp Nnky kXXat t{ibko
_\w
27. m\tbmKx khntbx khknn
Icx inhx
btkymetW tbmtKm Zznhnt[
]yhybw a\x
28. kbmXn ]caw t{itbm tam eW
aRvPkm
tZtl{ntbjp sshcmKyw ba CXypNytX
_pss[x
29. A\pcntc Xtz kXXw \nbax kvarX
khhkvXpXypZmko\`mham\k apaw.

476

I 30.

PKXv khanZw anYym {]XoXn {]mWkwbax

NnkymaptJm`mhx {]Xymlmc
kvXp ka.

tl ka, AtX hn[w kwtbmKhpw cphn[

amWv. imkv{Xm\pIqeamb Ifn a\ns\
\n{Klnp sImncnpXmWv. ItbmKw. Nns
\nccw Xs \bvv hn\ntbmKnpXmWv m\
tbmKhpw AXp \nanw BXvakw_nIfmb kIe
knnIfpw \nhnImc\mbn sNph XmaknbmsX
Xs ]cat{ibv t\Spp. kh hn[nepw Zlt\
{nbtfmSpff sshcmKy`mhs baw Fp ]dbpp.
]ca XXztmSv kZm A\pcmKnbmbncnpIsbpff
XmWv. \nbaw. PKv, anYysbv t_m[ysSpIbmWv
{]mWmbmaw Nnn A apJnbmb hrn {]XymlmcamIpp.

31. Nnky \neo`mthm [mcWm

[mcWw hnZpx
tkm lw Nnm{XtathXn Nn\w
[ym\apNyXn
32. [ym\ky hnkvarXnx kayIv kam[ncZobtX
AlnwkmkXyakvt Xbw {_Ncyw
ZbmPhw
33. am [rXn anXmlmcx iuNw NvXn bam Zi
X]x kpjvSncmkvXnIyw Zm\amcm[\w
ltc
34. thZm{ihWw ssNh {loaXn
Pt]m {hX
Bk\mZn XZwKm\n kzkvXnImZo\n ssh ZznP
35. hWyt kzkvX nIw ]mZXetbm
cp`tbmc]n
]qthmtcPm\p\o tZz IrXzmk\
apZocnXw

37. GIw NcWa\ykvan Dcmhmtcm]y \nex

BkvtXbZnZ tat\mLv\w hocmk\ apZncnXw
38. KpZw \nba Kp^m`yw hypXv {ItaW
kamlnXx
tbmKmk\w `hvtZX ZnXn tbmKhntZm hnZpx
39. Duthm]co ssh [t bZm ]mZXte Dt`
]mk\w `thtZXXv kh hym[nhn
jm]lw
40. hypXv{ItasWh lkvX m`ymw _]mZ
amk\w`thXv
hes apv ]rjvT `mKv CSp `mKpw
CSs apv hep`mKpw m]nptm tKmapJw
t]mencnpXmWv tKmapJmk\w. Hcp ]mZw CSs
XpSbnepw atXv hes XpSbnepw shm AXv
hocmk\amIpp. heXp Imens Dqnsb KpZns
CSp`mKpw CbXp Imens Dqn KpZn heXp
`mKpw shncpm AXns\ tbmKmk\sav ]dbp
p. cp XpSIfnepw cp ImepIfpsSbpw ]mZ
]mZ shpsImncnpXv ]Zvamk\w. CXv khhym]n lchpw hnjm]lhpamWv. ]mk\n
icnncpv heXp ssI sImv CSXp Imense Xffhncens\bpw ]nSnpXv _]mZvamk\amWv.

Nnw \neamn shbvemWv [mcW. Rm

Nn\am{Xm cq]amWv F `mh\bmWv [ym\w. [ym\w
]qambpw hnkvacnpXv kam[n. Alnwk, kXyw,
AkvtXbw, {_Ncyw, Zb, BPhw, a, ss[cyw,
anXmlmcw, ipNnXzw Fns\ \nba ]phn[
apv. Zm\w, `KhZmcm[\w, thZm, {ihWw {low P]w
Fnhsb {hXsav ]dbpp. kzkvXnImZn Bk\
sf kw_nmsWn cp ]mZXesfbpw
cpappIfpsSbpw a[yn m]nv CcnpXmWv
kzkvXnImk\w.

41. ]Zva mk\wkpkwm]y

Pm\qthmctcIcu
\nthiy `qamhXnjvtTZv thymax
IppSmk\x
42. IppSmk\ _tm t`m`ymw kw_y
Icw
titX IqhZpm\ GX Zqm\
IqIw
43. ]mZmwKpjvTu Xp ]mWn`ymw KrloXzm
{ihWmh[n
[\pcmIjIIrjv Sw[\pcmkm\aocnXw
44. koh\ow KptZim`ymw\nhoUy hypXv
{ItaW Xp
{]kmcy Pm\pt\mkvXmhmk\w
knwlcq]Iw
45. Kp^u N hrjWkym[x koh\yp`b
]miztbmx
\nthiy `qau lkvX m `ymw _[zm`{Zmk\w
`thXv

36. kt]y ZnWKp^w Xp ]rjvT ]mtiz

\ntbmPtbXv
ZnW ]n XZm khyw tKmapJw
tKmapJw bYm

icnv ]mk\nencpv cp ssIIsfbpw

apns XpSIsfbpw a[yn \npw amn `qanbn
Ddnv icocs BImin m]nm AXv
IppSmk\amWv. IppSm\\mbncpv cp `pP

477

I sfbpw cp kvIsfbpw _nv Basbtmse

\nhncnpXv. Dm\Iqmk\w. cp Imen
sbpw XffhncepIsf ]nSnv hnns BIrXnbn
IXphsc henm AXp [\pcmk\ambn. cp Dqn
Ifm kohn\nm\s hnc]oX hn[nbn Aan
cp appIsfbpw ssIItfbpw ]cn nXnsNpXv
knwlmk\w. koh\nbpsS cp ]mizfnepw cp
DqnIsfbpw shv ssIImepI _nncpm
AXv `{Zk\amIpw.

46. koh\o]miza`bw. Kp^m`ymw hypXv

{ItaW Xp
\n]oUyk\taX apmk\apZncnXw
47. AhjvS `y[cmw kayIv Xmem`ymw lkvX
tbmZztbmx
Iqc \m`n ]mtizXp m]bnXzm
abqchXv
48. kapXv incx ]mZw abqcmk\anjytX
hmtamcpaqte Zmw{Lnw Pmt\z thjv SnXm
]mWm
49. hmta\ hmamwKpjvTw Xp KrloXm ay
]oTIw
tbm\ow hmta\ kw]oUy ta{UmZp]cn
ZnWw
50. EPpImbx kamko\x knmk\ apZocnXw
{]kmcy`qhn ]mZu Xp tZm`ymamKpjvT
amZcmXv
51. Pm\q]cn eemSw Xp ]naw Xm\apNytX
tbm\tI\{]ImtcW kpJw [mcyw N
PmbtX
52. XXv kpJmk\anXyai kvXXv
kamNtcXv
Bk\w hnPnXw tb\ PnXw tX\ PK{Xbw
cp DqnIfm koh\nbpsS Ccp]miz
fpsSbpw hn]coX coXnbn AanshncnpXv
apmk\w. cpssIesfbpw `qanbn m]nv
cp ssIesfbpw `qanbn m]n v cp
ssIappIsfbpw s]mnfns cp ]mizfnepw
tNv abnens\tmse icocw apgph\pw s]mn
incpw Imepw tatemp s]mn shm AXv abqcm
k\amWv. CSXp Imense Dqnsb koh\nbn tNv
heXpIm D]n\p apIfn shv icocw \nhn
t\scbncnpXmWv knmk\w. cp ImepIsfbpw
\nev Ipn cp ssIsImpw ImepIfnse Xffhn
cpI ]nSnv incv appIfn tNm AXv ]mtam
mk\amWv. kpJhpw ncXbpw e`n hn[w

CcnppJmk\amWv. IgnhptISpsImv amk\

sNm Ignbmhv CXv kzoIcnmw. Bk\w
Pbnh aqp temIhpw Pbnm Ignhp t\Spw.

53. bssa \nbssassh Bkss\ kp

kwbXx
\mUoipow N IrXzmZu {]mWmbmaw kam
NtcXv
54. tZlam\w kzmwKpen`nx jhXpwKp embXw
{]mWx icocm[ntIm ZzmZimwKpeam\Xx
55. tZla\new tZlkapZv`qtX\ hn\m
\yq\w kaw hm tbmtK\ Iph
{_hnZnjytX
56. tZlat[y inJnm\w X]vXPmw_q \Z{]Zw
{XntImWw Zzn]Zm a\yXp c{w NXpjv]Zw
57. hrw hnlwKam\mw Xp jU{kw k
P\mw
AjvSmw{kw tkzZPm\mw Xp Xkvan Zo]h
Zpzew
Im\w a\pjymWmw tZla[y \mhmw
Kpew
NXpcwKpeapty[w NXpcwKpewambXw
58. AWvU mIrXnXnXncmw N ZznPm\mw N
NXpjv]Zmw
Xpa[yw XZnjv Sw ssh X[yw
\m`ncnjytX
59. X{X N{Iw ZzmZimcw tXjp hnjvW zmZn
aqbx
AlwX{X nX{Iw {`mabman kzambbm
60. Atcjp {`atX Pohx {ItaW ZznPka
Xp ]RvPca[ym bYm {`aXn eXnIm
ba\nbamk \fn \mbn \mUotim[\
sNbvXv {]mWmbmaw sNWw a\pjy icocns Afhv
Xs hncepI sImfm sXmqmdmwKpeamWv.
icocsmfpw {]mW ]{wKpew hepXmWv.
tZlnXamb hmbphns\ tZlmnbpsS kwtbm
Km \yq\tamkatam BpXn\m {_m\w
e`npp. a\pjyicoc a[yn X]vX kph
{]`amb {XntImWmI Anm\w e`npp. \m
menIfn Anm\w NXpjvt mWnemWv.
nIfpsSXv Bdp tImWpffXv; tkzZPfpsSXv Fp
tImWpffXv a\pjy icocn B m\pw H]
XmwKpeapff Zo]{]Imi Xpeyamb Hcp Iw nXnsNpp. \ncypI ]nI \mmenI Fn
hbn Cu Iw AWvUImcamWv. AXns a[ym\w

478

I \m`nbmWv. CXn ]{v

Acfpff N{Iapv.
AXn hnjvWp XpSnb tZhmcpsS cq]v ImWmw.
Cu N{Is {_amb Rm kzambbm Idnsm
ncnpp. Cu ]{p Acfnepw PohnI Nnen
kzw hebn kcnpXpt]mse kcnpp.

61. {]mWm[ncqVcXn PohkvtX\hn\m \ln

Xtbmt[z IpWvUeom\w\mt`kvXncy
KtYm [zXx
62. Ajp{]IrXncq]m km NmjvS[m IpWvU
eoIrXn
bYmhZzmbp kmcw Pe\mZn N \nXy ix
63. ]cnXx I ]mtiz Xp \ncpsshykZm
nXm
aptJss\h kamthjvSy {_c{apJw
XYm
64. tbmKImtem\ acpXm kmn\m t_m[nXm
kXo
kv^pcnXm lrZbmImti \mKcq]matlmPzem
65. A]m\mzw KpemZq[zat[m ta{Vky
XmhXm
tZla[yw a\pjymWmw lr[yw Xp
NXpjv] Zmw.
{]mWnIfn BcpUambn Pohk Idpp.
AXp IqSmsX km[ya. AXn\p apIfn IpWvUen
\nbpsS hf DXm\amWv. AXv AjvS{]IrXn
cq]Iw Fp hn[w IpWvUeoIrXambn Ips Bh
Ww sNbvXpw \nesImffpXmWv. AXv Ahmbp
fpsS kmcw XSppp. {_c{ns apJs
kzapJm BhcWw sNpp. tbKm`ymk\m
IpWvUen\oin hmbphn\m DWs Xo t]mse
lrZbmImin \mKcq]n Dzeambn kv^pcn
pp. A]m\\n \npw cwKpew apIfn ta{V
n\p Xmsg a\pjy icocns a[y`mKamWv .
\mevmenIfpsS a[y`mKw AhbpsS lrZbm\amWv.

66. CXtcjmw Xpat[y {]mW]m\kambpXx

NXpjv {]Imc_vZ ybptX tZlat[y
kpjpav\bm
67. Ia[ynXm \mUo kpjpav\m
kp{]Xnjv T nXm
]kq{X {]XImim EqZz {]hn\o
68. {_tWm hnhcw bmhZznZypZm`mk \meIw
sshjvWho {_\mUn N \nhmW
{]m]vXn]Xnx

69. CUm N ]nwKem ssNh XkymxkthXtc

ntX
CUm kapnXm ImZzma \mkm]pSmhn[n
70. ]nwKem tNmnXm XkvamXv Z\mkm
]pSmh[n
Kmmco lkvX Pnlzmb N tZz Nmt\y
\mUntIntX
71. ]pcXx ]rjvTXkvXky hmtaXc Zriu {]Xn
]qjmbikzn\o \mUym XkvamtZh
kapntX
72. kthyXc{ipXyh[n ]mbpaqemZew_pkm
At[mKXm ip`m\mUo ta{Vmmhn[n
cmbXm.
ap PohnIfpsS a[y`mKw \m`oa[ynemWv.
{]mWm]m\ kwbpamb kpjpav\m \mUn tZln
\mep hn[nepv. Ins a[y`mKpff kpjv\
Xmac\q t]mse AXn kqv a amWv. AXv t\sc
apIfntemv t]mIpp. _c{w hsc t]mIp Cu
sshjvWho {_\mUn an t]mse {]ImiapffXpw
\nhmW`hpamWv . AXns cp hipw CUm
]nwKem \mUnIfmWv. CU In \npw ]pdsv
CSs aqp hsc t]mbncnpp. ]nwKe hes
aqphscbpw t]mbncnpp. ]nwKe hes aqph
scbpw KmmclkvXn Pnlz Chbpw IqSmsX cp
\mUnIfpw AhnsSbpv . Iphsc Ah \op
InSpp. ]qjmbikzn\n Cu \mUnI KpZ aqen
\npw ]pdsv CSsbpw hesbpw sNhn hsc
t]mbncnpp. Aew_pk F \mUn ta{V m\
ns Ahkm\w hscbmWv.

73. ]mZmwKpjvTmh[nx ImZt[m bmXm

N IuinIo
Zi{]Imc`qXmkvXmx IYnXm I kw`hmx
74. Xqemx _lthm \mUyx qe kqvam
\mUnImx
Zznk]vXXn kl{kmWn qemx kqvam
\mUbx
75. kwJymXpw ss\h iIyt qeaqem
]rYKzn[mx
bYmizZtf kqvamx qbm
hnXXm kvXYm
76. {]mWm ]m\u kam\ DZmt\ hym\
Gh N
\mKx Iq IrItcm tZhZtm
[\bx
77. Ncn Zi\mUojp Zi{]mWmZn hmbhx
{]mWmZn]Iw tXjp {][m\w X{X N Zzbw

479

I 78.

{]mW GhmYhmtPyjvtTm Pohmm\w

hn`nxbx
Bky\mknItbma[yw lrZbw \m`n
aWvUew
79. ]mZmw KpjvTanXn {]mW m\m\n ZznP
ka
A]m\cXn {_ KpZvta{Vmcp Pm\pjp
80. kam\x khknx ]mZtbm
lkvX tbmc]n.

IuinIn F \mUn In \npw Imens

Xffhnc hsc t]mbnpv . Cs\ Cu \mUnI
In \nv ]pdshsbv ]dbsSpp. IqSmsX
Gsd kqva \mUnI Dv. AhbpsS kwJy Fgp
]n Cucmbncw hcpw. hepXpw sNdpXpamb Ch
F{Xsbv ]dbpI {]bmkw. Acbmen RcpI
t]mse Ah icocn hym]nncnpp. {]mW,
A]m\, kam\, DZm\, hy\, \mKw, Iqw,
IrIcw, tZhXw, [\bw Fo ]p hmbpfpw
\mUnIfn IqSn kcnpp. Chbn {]mW
XpSnb AsamWv {][m\w. Asn {]mW,
A]m\ Cu csw apJyamWv. Poh[mcWamb
{]mW\mWv apJyw, {_mW t{ijvTm, {]mWs apJy
kvYm\fn AmWvapJw,\mknIbpsS a[y`mKw,
lrZbw, \m`naWvU ew, Imense Xffhnc; A]m\
KpZw, ta{Vw, XpS, apv Fnhbn kcnpp. kam
\ k hmwKfnepw hy]nncnpp. DZm\
ssIImepIfnepw Fm knm\fnepw BWv.

81. hym\x t{imt{XmcpISymw N Kpev^ kvI

Ktfjp N
\mKmZn hmbhx ]XzKymZnjp
kwnXmx
82. XpPeaw N ckmZo\n kaoIrXw
Xpa[yKXx {]mWkvX m\n IpcymXv
]rYIv ]rYIv
83. CXyZn tNjv S\w {]mWx ItcmXn N ]rYIv
kwnXw
A]m\hmbp ap{XmtZxItcmXn N hnkP\w
84. {]mWm]m\mZn tNjvSmZn {InbtX hym\hm
bp\m
DoctX icocapZmt\\ \`kzXm
85. t]mjWmZnicocky \mKxIqtmmZn
\naoen\x
hym\hmbp, sNhn, IWm, Ac, Dqn, tXm,
Igpv Fnhbnepw \mKmZnIfmb Ap hmbp
Xznepw An apXembhbnepw nXnsNpp.
Bamibnse Pew, Aw, ckw apXembhsb

{]mWhmbp {]tXyIambn AXp nXnsNpp. ae

aq{X hnkP\ Imcy A]m\ sNpp. hym\
sktbmKtmsSbmWv {]mWm]m\ {]hn
pXv. icocamb DZm\ Du[zKmanbmWv .
icoct]mjWw AXp aptJ\bmWv. Gw apXembh
\mKw F hmbphn\m \Spp. Iqns
{]hnbmWv IpI XpdpXpw ASbvpXpw.

86. IrIcx p[tbmxImZtm \n{ZmZn

IIrXv
arXK{Xky tim`mtZ [\RvPb DZmlrXx
87. \mUot`Zw acpXvt`Zw acpXmw m\tah N
tNjvSmNhnhn[mkvtXjmw mssXzhw ZznP
ka
88. ipubtX \mUo\mw ]qthm m\
kwbpx
hnhnw tZiamkmZy khkw_
hPnXx
89. tbmKmwK {Zhykqw X{XZmcpatb ipt`
Bkt\ Iev]ntX Z` IpiIrjvWmPn
\mZn`nx
90. XmhZmk\aptt[ XmhZvZzbkamb tX
D]hniymk\w kayIv kzkvXnImZn
bYm cpNn
IrIchmbp hnipmpp. tZhZw \n{ZmZnI
[\bs IrXyamWv {_mWhcy, \mZnIfpsSbpw
hmbpfpsSbpw {]mWfpsSbpw m\ fpw
{InbIfpw hnhn[ coXnbnemWv. Ah a\nemWw.
hn[n{]Imcw \mUnI ipoIcnv _ shSnv
GIm m\v tbmK[\bvp ]nb km[\fpw
acw sImpff IpSnen, Z`Ipi, am tXm sImp
ff Bk\w Chbpw XbmdmWw. AwK kam\
fmIpXphsc Bk\ [mcW sNWw. kzkvX nI
XpSnb Bk\ cpNn\pkcnv sNpIbpw
thWw.

91. _[zm {]mKmk\w hnt{]m EpImbx

kamlnXx
\mkm{K\ykvX\bt\m ZssZm\
kwk]ri
92. ck\mw Xmeq\n\ky kzNntm
\ncmabx
BIpnXincx InwNnn_v[tbmKap{Zbm
93. lkvX u btYmhn[n\m {]mWmbmaw
kamNtcXv
tcN\w ]qcWw hmtbm tim[\w tcN\w
XYm

480

I 94.

NXp`nx ti\w htbmx {]mWmbma

DZocytX
lkvtX\ ZntWss\h ]oUtbmko Im
]pSw.
95. iss\x iss\cY _lnx {]nt]Zv
]nwKem\ne
CUbm hmbpam]qcy {_ tjmUi
am{Xbm
96. ]qcnXwIpw`tbXv ]mXvN Xpx jjvSymXp
am{Xbm
Zzm{Xniw am{Xbm kayIv tcNtbXv
]nwKem\new.

BZyw Bk\nencpv icocw t\scbmn

\mkm{Kn ZrjvSnbpdnv ]pI Xn kv]
inmsX \mv Amn sXmSpn kza\mbn
incv Ip\nv tbmKap{Zbn ssIIv _nv hn[n
t]mse {]mWmbmaw sNWw. tcNIw ]qcIw hmbp
kwtim[\w tcNIw Fnh sNWw. Cs\ \mep
{]Imcn hmbphns\ NennpXmWv {]mWmbmaw.
hep ssIbm \mkm]pcpw Aan, CSs
aqn IqSn hmbphns\ Dffntev hnSWw. ]ns
]Xn\mdp am{XsImv hmbp Dffntev henv Adp]n\mep am{Xbn Ipw`Iw sNbvX v apn cp
am{XsImp hmbphns\ ]nwKe \mUn aptJ\ shfnbn
tev hnSWw.

97. Ghw ]p\x ]p\x Imcyw hymXv {Iaym\p

{ItaW Xp
kqIpw`htlw Ipw`tbmXcniz \m
98. ]qcWmmUbxkhmx ]qcbt amXcniv
iz\m
Ghw IrtX kXn {_i Ncn Zi hmbvhx
99. lrZbmw t`mcplw Nm]n hymtImNw `hXn
kv^ pSw
X{X ]tiyXv ]cmm\mw hmkptZha
Ieva jw.
100. {]mX a[ynt\kmbacmt{X N Ipw `b
iss\ cioXn ]cyw NXp hmcw kat`yXv

Cu hn[n hopw hopw {IaamIpw hn]coX

{Ianepw A`yknpIbpw Dffn \ndp \np
hmbphns\ IpSw t]mse \ntcm[npIbpw thWw,
AXpaqew kIe \mUnIfpw hmbphm \ndvAhbneqsSbpff hmbp kmcw {Iam\pKXamIpw. lrZbIaew
hnIknpw. `Khm hmkptZhs Zi\w e`npIbpw
sNpw.Cu hn[nbn Imepw \pbvpw sshIpt
chpw A cm{Xnbnepw \mep XhW Ipw`Iw sNbvXv
AXv {ItaW F]Xv am{Xhsc FnWw.

101. GImlam{Xw IphmWw. kh]mss]

{]apNytX
kwhc{Xbm Zq[zw {]mWmban ]tcm \cx
102. tbmK kntm `thtZymKo hmbp PnZznPn
tX{nbx
Aev] mio kzev] \n{Z tXPkzo _ehm
`thXv
103. AarXypaXn {Iay ZoLambpw hm]v\pbmXv
{]tkzZP\\w bky {]mWmbm akvXp tkm
[x
104. I\w ]pcptjm bky {]mWmbmta jp
a[yax
Dm\w h]ptjm bky k Da DZmlrXx
105. A[ta hym[n]m]m\mw \mix kym[yta
]p\x
]m] tcmK almhym[n \mix kymZpta
]p\x
106. Aev] aqt{Xm ev]hnjwjeLptZtlm
anXmi\x
]Szn{nbx ]SpaXnx Ime{Xb hnZmhm.

Cu hn[nb\pkcnv Hcp Znhkw A`yknm Xs

kIe ]m]fn \npw tamN\w Inpw. aqp hjw
Cs\ {]mWmbmaw sNph tbmKkn\mIpw.
tbmKn hmbphns\ Pbnh\pw PntX{nb\pw Aev ]mlmcnbpw Aev] \n{Zbpffh\pw tXPkznbpw _ehm\p
amIpp. AIme acW`bw Xov ZoLmbpjva m
\mIp {]mWmbmaw sNptm hnbpmIpXv
A[aamWv. icocn\v hndbpmIpXv a[yaw. icocw
taevt]mp s]mnbm Daw A[a {]mWmbmaw
sImpw hym[nIfpw ]m]fpw amdpw; Daw sImv
Aev] aq{Xhpw Aev] aehpw icocemLhhpw Aev]m
lmchpw knnpp. _po{nbXo{hX Inpw. {XnIme
m\n\pw D]Icnpw.

107. tcNIw ]qcIw apzm Ipw`oIcWtah bm

ItcmXn {Xnjp Imtejp ss\h XkymkvXn
Zpe`w
108. \m`n It N \mkmt{K ]mZmwKpjv tT N
bXv \hm
[mctb\km, {]mW kym Imtejp
hm kZm
109. khtcmssK hn\n aptm Poh tZymKo
KXax
IpntcmKhn\mix kymm`n Itjp
[mcWmXv

481

I 110. \mkmt{K [mcWmZv ZoLambpx kymZv

tZlemLhw
{_t alpt kw{]m]vtX hmbpamIrjy
Pnlzmbm
111. ]nt_X {Xnjp amtkjp hmIvknn alXo
`thXv
A`ykX jamkm almtcmK
hn\mi\w.
tcNIhpw ]qcIhpw IqSmsX Ipw`Iw am{Xw
sNph\pw {Xn`qh\nepw Hpw Zp`a. {]bXv\
imenbmb km[I \m`o Inepw \mkm{Knepw
Hpw Zp`a. {]bXv\ imenbmb km[I \m`o
Inepw \mkm{Knepw ]mZw KpjvTnepw kmZI
kymkabw a\km {]mWs\ [mcWw sNWw
Cs\bpff km[I k htcmKhnap\mIpw
\m`otIn {]mWs\ [mcWw sNbvXm DZctcmKw
ianpw. \mkm{Knse ZoLmbpv; {_aqlq
n \mneqsS hmbp henv ]m\w sNbvXm aqp
amkn\pffn hmIv knn e`npp. Bdpamkw
sNbvXm almtcmK hnpamdpw.

112. b{X b{X [rtXm hmbpcmtK tcmKmZn ZqjntX

[mcWm tZhacpXkvX ZmtcmKy aiv\ptXx
113. a\tkm [mcWmtZh ]ht\m [mcntXm `thXv
a\kx ]t\ tlXpcpNytX ZznP ]pwKh
114. ImcWm\n kamlrXy hnjtb`yx kamlnXx
A]m\ aq[zamIrtjy ZpZtcm]cn [mctbXv
115. _ Icm`ymw t{im{XmZnIcWm\n
bYmXYw
bpm\ky btYmIvtX\ h\m
kzhiw a\x
tcmK ]oUnX\mb icocmwKfn hmbphns\
[cnm tcmKw hnpamdpp. a\ns\bpw [cnWw.
C{nbsf hnjbfn \nv \nhnnWw.
A]m\hmbphns\ apIfntebv mIjnv apIfn
[cnWw. ssIsImv t{im{XmZnIcWfpw _n
Ww. a\v himhZamIm Cu km[\ D]Icnpw.

116. at\m himZv {]mWhmbpx kztim]y

tX kZm
\mknIm ]pStbmx {]mWmx ]cymtbW
{]htX
117. Xn{k \mUnImkvXmkp k bmhw
NcXybw
imJn\o hnhtc bmtay {]mWm {]mW`rXmw
kXmw.

118. Xmhw N ]p\x Imew kutay NcXn

kXw
Cw {ItaW NcXm hmbp\m hmbpPncx
119. Al cm{Xnx ]w N amkarXzmb\mZnIw
A aptJm hnPm\obmXv Imt`Zw
kamlnXx
120. AwKpjvT mZn kzmhbkv^ pcWmZit\c]n
AcnjvssSPohnX kym]n Pm\obmXv
bmam\x
Cs\ a\v \nb{nWnembm {]mWhmbp
\nb{nXamIpw. \mknIbneqsS {Iam\pkcWw hpw
t]mbpancnmw. \mUnI aqmWv. {]mWmbmaw sNp
km[Is izmkw \mknIbneqsS {Iam\pKXambn
\Spp. {]mWhmbp \nb{nph {]mWPn\m
Ipp. ]ns Ah ]I cm{Xn ]w amkw Ab\w
FnhbpsS Imet`Zs A apJ\mbn Adnbpp.
Xffhnc XpSnb Ahbhfn cKXnsImv
\mUnIfnepmIp XpSnv \np ]w AXv
PohnXmhkm\sav [cnpI.

121. mXzm btXX ssIhey{]m]vXtb

tbmKhnax
]mZmwKpjvtT IcmKpjvtT kv^pcWw bky
\ {ipXnx
122. Xky kwh cmZqzw PohnXkytb
`thXv aWn_t XYm Kpevt^ kv^ pcWw
bky\iyXn.
123. jmkmh[ntcXky PohnXky nXn
`thXv
Iqtc kv^pcWw bky Xky ss{Xamko
ImnXn.
124. Iptal\]mtiz N kv^pcWm\p
]ew`tX
amkmh[n PohXky XZ[\y Xp Zit\
125. B{intX PcZzmtc Zn\m\n Zi PohnXw
tbmKn A\njvS kqN\I Adnv tam
km[\bn ebnWw. Imense s]cphnc ssIbnse
s]cphnc Chsb kv^pcWw A\p`hsSmXncpm
Ah\v Hcp sImn IqSpX PohnXan. ssI
bnepw apnepapff kv^ pcWw \nm Ahs
PohnXw Bdpamkw am{Xw. ssIapn kv^pcWansn
PohnXmh[n aqp amkamWv; hbdv D]w Fnh
bnse kv^ pcWw \nem Hcp amkn\pffnepw
t\{XfnteXv \nm ]Xnmep Znhkn\Iw
acWw kw`hnpw. PtcZzmcn kv^ pcWansn

482

I PohnXmh[n ]p ZnhkamWv. tPymXnv anman\p

n\p Xpeyambm PohnXmh[n Ap Znhksav
a\nemWw.

126. Pnlzm{Km Zit\ {XoWn Zn\m\n n

Xncm\x
Pzmembmx Zit\ arXyp ZznZnt\ `hXn
{[phw
127. GhamZo\ycnjvS m\n Zrjv Smbpx bImcWw
\nxt{ibkmb bpoX P][ym\]cmbWx
128. a\km ]camm\w [ymXzm X{Zq]XmanbmXv
bZyjvSmZit`tZjp a mt\jp [mcWw.
129. m\mXv m\w kam Irjy {]Xymlmc
kDNytX
]mZmwKpjvTw XYm Kpev^w PwLma[yw
XssYhN
130. a[ytam thm aqew hmbp lrZbtah N
tal\w tZla[yw N \m`nw N KfIqcw
131. Xmepaqew N aqew N {LmW kym vt Wm
aWvUew
{`pthma[yw eemSw N aqeaq[zw N Pm\p\n.
132. aqew N Ictbm aqew almt\yXm\n
ssh ZznP
]`qXatb tZtl `qtX tjzm tXjp
]kp.
\mns Aw ImWm km[nmsX hm aqp
Zkhpw Pzme ImWpXv \npt]mbm cp Znhkhpw
Fp [cnWw. cpw kw`hnm acWw \nbw
Xs hmbpbamWv. an tcmKn\pw ImcWw AXp
a\nemn awKfn\pXIp Ch [ym\]c\mbn
{_ssIyn\v thXpw sNWw. icocnse
]Xns\p am\fnepw {]Xymlmcw thWw. Hcp
m\p \npw asmcp m\tbvmIjnpI
FXmWv {]Xymlmcw. Imense Xffhnc Dqn,
XpSbpsS a[y`mKw, Ducphns a[yw KpZmaqew, lrZbw,
tZla[yw, \m`n, IWvTw, apv, Xmepaqew \mknImaqew,
t\{X aWvUew ]pcnIfpsS a[yw s\n, intcmaqew
apns aqewhmkvX aqew ChbmWv. icocnse
{][m\s am\.

133. a\tkm [mcWw bZypky N bamZn`nx

[mcWm km N kwkmckmKctcmmc
ImcWw
134. BPm\p]mZ ]cyw ]rYnhom\ anjytX
]nem NmXpc {km N hkp[m h{Pem
vOnXw

135. kvahyw ]LSnIm kvX{Xmtcm]y

{]`RvPw
BPm\pISn]cy a]mw m\w
{]IonX
136. A N{kamImcw tizXap\
emnOnXw
kvahyaw`x izk\amtcm]y Zi\
\mUnImx
137. BtZla[yISyan\ apZmlrXw
X{X knqchtm n Pze\w Zi] N
138. ka thym \mUo Im {]mWm IrXzm
Ipwt`XtYcnXw
\mt` cp]cn \mkmw hmbp m\w
Xp X{X ssh
139. thZnImchXv {[qtam _ehm `qXamcpXx
kvahyx Ipw`tIss\h {]mWamtcm]y
amcpXw
140. LSnImhnwiXn kvXkvamXv {LmWmXv {_
_nemh[n
thymam\w \ `kvX{X `nRvP\
ka{]`w
[mcWsbXv bamZnI aptJ\ a\ns\ [mcWw
sNpXmWv. CXns ^eambn a\pjy kwkmc
kmKcw IS m i \mIpp. appI apX
Imephsc ]rYzom\amWv. ]oX hhpw NXpjvtIm
WmIrXnbnepffXpamb ]rYzn h{Pemv OnXbmWv.
Ap \nanjtmfw hmbphns\ [cnv ]rYznsb
[ym\nWw app apXve ISnhsc Pem\mamWv. Cu
Pem\ns BImcw AN{XpeyamWv. \ndw
shfpv, CXn ]p \mUnIhsc izmkw \ntcm[nv
Pes [ym\nWw. ISn {]tZiw apX icoca[yw
hsc Anm\amWv; knqcns \ndamWXn\v; AXn ]Xn\p \nanjw {]mWs\ \ntcm[nv Ansb
[ym\nWw. \m`n apX \mknIhsc hmbphns
m\amWv thZnp XpeyamWv AXns BImcw. [q{a
Xpeyhpw in imenbpamb ]h\s\ Ccp]Xp \nanjw
hsc Ipw`Iw aptJ\ hmbphns\ tcm[nv [ym\nWw.
\mknIapX {_ c{w hscbpffXmWv BImi
m\w. AXns \ndw ARvP\w t]msebpffXmWv.

141. thymav\namcpXamtcm]y Ipw`tIss\h

bXv \hm
]rYznhywti Xp tZ lky NXp_mlpw
IncoSn\w
142. A\ncpw lcnw tbmKo btXX `haptb
A_wti ]qctbtZymKo \mcmbW ap{Z{K[ox

483

I 143. {]Zypav\au hmbzwti kjW aXx ]cw

thymamwti ]camm\w hmbp tZhwkZm
kv atcXv
144. ANncmtZh XXv {]m]vXn bpRvPm \ky \
kwibx
_[zm tbmKmk\w ]qhw lrtiw
lrZbmRvP en.
145. \mkm{K\ykvX\bt\, Pnlzmw IrXzm N
Xmep \n
ZssZm\kwkv]yy Du[zImbx
kamlnXx
146. kwbtat{nb {Kmaam_pym hnipbm
Nn\w hmkptZhky ]cky ]cam\x
]cn{ia ioe\mb km[I Ipw`Iw aptJ\
hmbphns\ BImin \ntcm[nWw. ]ns
]rYznbpsS Awiapff `mKv NXp _mlphpw Inco
S[mcnbpw Bbpw A\ncps\p lcnsb [ym\nWw.
Xqew km[I\mb tbmKn apnv Al\mIpw.
Pemwin \mcmbWs\ [ym\nWw. Ftmgpw Cu
A`ymkw sNbvXp sImncnph\v ]cam kmm
Xvmcw s]sv e`npp. BZyw tbmKmk\nencpv lrZb{]tZiv lrZbw m]nv \mkm{Kn
ZrjvSn Ddnv \mv Amn tNpshv apI
fnsebpw Xmsgbpapff ]pIsf ]ckv]cw kv] in
msX icocw s]mn kamlnX\mbncpv ipamb
B _pn sImv C{nbsf kwbaw sNbvXp
hmkptZhs\ NnnWw.

147. kzcq] hym]vX cq]ky[ym\w ssIhey

knnZw
baam{Xw hmkptZhw NntbXv
Ipw`tI\ bx
148. k]vX PmnXw ]m]w Xky \iyXn
tbmKn\x
\m`nImXv kamc`y bmhXv lrZb tKmNcw
149. Pm{KXv hrnw hnPm\obmXv IWvTw
kz]v\ h\w
kpjp]vXw Xmepa[yw Xpcyw {`qa[y
kwnXw
150. XpcymXoXw]cw {_{_ct{ Xp
etbXv
Pm{KXv hrnw kamc`y bmhXv {_
_nemcw
151. X{Xmm{Xmbw Xpcobky Xpcmt hnjvWp
cpNytX
[ymt\ss\h kambptm thym\n NmXyt
\nte

152. kqcytImSnZypXncnYw \ntXymZnX at[mPw

lrZbmt`mcplmko\mw [ymtb[zm
hnizcq]nWw

Cs\ Xsbpffn hym]nncnp ]cam

mhns cq]s [ym\nm tamw knnpw. Hcp
bmaw hsc Ipw`Iw sNbvXp. `Khm hmkptZhs\
[ym\nphs Ggp Pn ]m]w \inpp.
\m`napX lrZbw hsc Pm{KXv hrnbpsS m\amWv.
kz]v\ hrn IWvTn nXnsNpp Xpcobm
XoXs m\w {_lmac{n ]c{_n\p
t\scbmWv. {_c{hsc Xpcnbmmhv hknpp.
AXns\ hnjvWp Fp ]dbpp. km[I \nemImins lrZbIaen Ccnp tImSn kqcy
{]`mab\pw \ntXymZbcq]nbpw hnizcq]\pamb alm
hnjvWphns\ [ym\nWw.

153. At\ImImcJNnXat\I hZ\m\znXw

At\I `pP kwbp at\mImbp[
aWvUnXw
154. \m\mh[cw tZhw im ap{K apZmbp[w
At\I \b\m Iow kqcytImSn ka{]`w
155. [ymbtXm tbmKn\x kh at\mhrn
hn\iyXn
lrZv] pWvUcoI a[yw ssNX\y
tPymXnchybw
156. IZw_tKmfImImcw XpcymXoXw ]cmXv]c.
A\am\ abw Nnbw `mkvIcw hn`pw
157. \nhmXZo] kZriaIr{Xna aWn{]`w
[ymbtXm tbmKn\kvXky apnx IcXte
nXm
At\Iw BIrXn tNh\pw At\Iw apJap
ffh\pw At\I `pP\pw At\Iw apJapffh\pw At\I
`pP\pw At\Imbp[ [mcnbpw At\I t\{X\pw
tImSnkqcy ka{]`\pw hnizcq]\pamb hnjvWphns\
[ym\nm tbmKnbpsS kIe at\mhrnbpw ianpw.
lrZbIae nX\mb ssNX\y\pw tPymXncq]\pw
A hyb\pw IZw_tKmfmImc\pw XpcymXoX\pw
]cmXv ] c\pw A\\pw m\ab\pw Nnb\pw
khhym]nbpw \nhmX Zo]kZriy\pw AIr{XnaWn
{]`\pamb ]c{_s [ym\nm tamw tbmKnv
ssIbnse s\nt]mse A{X kp{KmlnbamIpw.

158. hnizcq]kyptZhky cq]w bXv InntZhln

hobx kqvaa\yZzm ]iy lrZb
]tP

484

I 159. [ymbtXm tbmKnt\m b kvXp kmmtZh

160.

161.

162.

163.

164.

{]ImitX
AWnamZn^ew ssNh kptJss\thm
]PmbtX
Pohm\x ]ckym]n btZyhap`tbm chn
Altah ]cw {_{_mlanXn
kwnXnx
kam[nx kXp hntbx khhrn
hnhPnXx
{_ kZytX tbmKo \ `qbmx kwkrXnw
{htPXv
Ghw hntim[y XXzm\n tbmKo \nkv]rl
tNXkm
bYm \ncnt\m hnx kzbtahw {]imarXn
{Kmlym`mth a\x{]mtWm \nb m\
kwbpXmx
ip XtXz ]tc eot\m Pohx sskh
]nWv U hXv.
taml PmeIkwLtXm hnizm ]iyXn
kz]v\hXv

kpjp]vXn hZycXn kz`mh]cn\nex

\nhmW]Zam{inXy tbmKo ssIhey
aiv\tX CXyp]\njv

hniz tZhcq]s qetam kqvatam atsX

nepw hn[nepfftXm Bb cq]w lrZb Iaen
[ym\np tbmKn AXns kmmXv cq]ambn tXmp
Ibpw AWnamZn knnI A\mbmkw ssIhcnpIbpw
sNpp. Pohm ]camt_m[w t\Sn "Rm Xs
{_w F nXn{]m]npIbmWv kam[n. kam
[n khhrn hnhPnX\mIpp. Cs\
{_s {]m]n tbmKn hopw kwkmcn IpSp
pn. Ah\v ]p\Pn. Ah hndInm An
t]mse kzbw im\mIpp. ]ns Ahs\mpw {Kln
m\n.
Ahs {]mW\pw a\pw Bm\ kwbp
amIpp. Pen DpIsbtmWw Ah
]cammhn hnebw {]m]npp. {]]s Ah
kz]v\ambn ImWpp. ]qambpw \ne\mbn Ah
{_n kpjp]vXn t\Spp. As\ hnip\mb
tbmKn \nhmWw ]Zw t\Sn ssIhey ]Zw {]m]npp.
Cs\ D]\njv.
{XninJn {_mtWm]\njv kam]np.

3
[ym\_
n
q]
\
nj
v
1

imn ]mTw

jw hlnmXncntW. Hmw imnx imnx imnx

Hmw. kl \mhhXp. kl \u `p\p.

klhocyw Ichmhssl. tXPkzn\mh[oXa
kv X p. am hnZznjmhssl. Hmw imnx imnx
imnx

1.

]c{_w R cpt]scbpw Hcpanv cn

tW. cpt]scbpw Hcpanv ]cn]mens. RfpsS
hocy tXPkznbmbnoctW. R ]ckv ]cw hntZz

2.

bZn ssiekaw ]m]w hnkvXow

_lptbmP\w
`nZytX [ym\tbmtK\ \mt\ym \mZw t`Zx
IZmN\
_oPmcw ]cw _npw \mZw Xtkym
]cnnXw
ki_vZw Nmtc otW \nx i_vZw ]caw ]Zw

485

I 3.
4.

5.

6.

A\mlXw Xp b_vZ Xky i_vZky

bXv]cw
XXv] cw hntX bkvXp k tbmKo kwibx
_mem{KiX kml{kw Xky `mKky `mKn\.
Xky `mKky `mKmw XXvtb Xp
\ncRvP\w
]pjv ] at[y bYm Kx ]tbm at[y bYm
LrXw
Xne at[y bYm Kx ]tbm at[y bYm
{LrXw
Ghw khmWn `qXm\n aWu kq{Xan
hm\n
nc_pnckwaqtVm {_hnZv {_Wn
nXx

]hXw t]mse _lptbmP\ hnkvX oapff

]m]ambmepw Ahsbmw [ym\tbmKm \jvSam
Ipp. ]m]w \inm CXmsXmcp aman;
_oPmcw ]ca_nphmWv. \mZw AXn\papIfn
nXnsNpp. \mZw Acn hnebw {]m]np
tm i_vZ clnXamb ]ca]Zw kwPmXamIpp.
A\mlX [z\npdw Hcp i_vZapv. AXv km[n
mte tbmKnv kwib \nhrn hcpIbpffq. XeapSn
\mcns A{Kns \qdn Hcp `mKn Bbncn
Hcp `mKhpw AXns A`mKhpw bnptm
\ncRv P \w kw`hnpp. ]qhn Kw t]mse,
]men s\vt]mse, Fffn Ft]mse ]mdbn
kzw t]mse, aWnbn kq{Xw t]mse, khnepw
{_w hym]nncnpp. nc_pnbpw m\nbpamb
tbmKn tamlclnX\mbn {_m\w kamPnv
{_n ebnpp.

7.

8.

Xnem\mw Xp bYm Xew ]pjvt ] K

Chm {inXx
]pcpjky icotc Xp k_mlym`ytc
nXx
hrw Xp hnZymXv Ombm kIew Xsskyh
\njvIem
kIte \njvIte `mth kh{Xmm
hyhnXx

Fbvv Fffpw kpKn\v ]qhpw B{ib

ambncnpXpt]mse {_w icocns Dffnepw
]pdpw nXnsNpp. hrsn Adnm
AXns Omb \njvIebmWv. AXpt]mse Bmhv
Fm m\pw nXnsNpp.

9. HmantXyImcw {_ t[ybw khapp `nx

]rYzn hyn EtKztZm `qcntXyh ]nXmalx

10. AImtc Xp ebw {]m]vtX {]Yt\

{]Whmw itI
Acow bp hmbp `pthm hnjvWp
P\m\x
11. DImtc Xp ebw {]m]vtX ZznXotb
{]WhmwitI
Zyukqcy kmathZ kzcntXyh atlizcx
12. aImtc Xp ebw {]m]vtX ZznXotb {]W
hmwitI
AImcx ]nXhx kym{ZtPm KpW
XpocnXx
13. DImcx kmznIx ipx aImcx IrjvW
Xmakx
AjmwKw N NXpjv]mZm {Xnm\w
]ssZhXw

tamtNvipfmb kIe hynIfpw HmwImc

cq]nepapff A c {_s [ym\npp.
Hmwmcns {]Yamwiamb AImcn ]rYzn, An,
EtKzZw, `qx, ]nXmal Fnh ASpp. ZznXobmwi
amb DImcn Acow bPpthZw hmbp `phkp
hnjvWp Fnh ASpp. XrXobmwiamb aImcn
kqcy kmathZw kztemIw atlizc Fnh
tNcpp. AImcw ]oXhhpw ctPmKpWbp
hpamWv. DImcw tizXhhpw kXzKpWhpw; aImcw
XrjvW hhpw XtamKpWhpw. Cs\ {]Whw
AjvSmwKbphpw NXpjv] mZbpXhpw {Xnt\{Xtm
SpIqSnbXpw ] tZhXmIhpamWv.

14. HmwImcw tbm \ Pm\mXn {_tWm \

`thpkx
{]Wthm [\px itcm lymm {_
XyapNytX
15. A{]at\ thhyw ichtbm `thXv
\nht {Inbmx khmx Xkvan
ZrjvtS]cmhtc
16. Hmwmc {]`hm tZhm Hmwmc{]`hm kzcmx
Hmwmc {]`hw khw ss{XtemIyw
kNcmNcw
17. {ltkzm ZlXn ]m]m\n ZotLm kXv
{]tZmhybx
Aam{X kambpx {]Wthm tam
ZmbIx
HmwImcw Adnbmhs\ {_Ws\v ]dbm
]mSn {]Whw [\ppw Bmhv _mWhpw {_w
AXns eyhpamWv. BmhmIp _mWm

486

I kmh[m\w {itbmsS {_amIp eys BZyw

t`ZnpIbpw ]cm]cs\ AdnbpIbpw sNbvXm Fm
{InbIfn \npw \nhr\mIpp. Hmwmcn \nv
tZhmcpw kzcfpw aqp temIfpw kh NcmNc
fpapmbn. AXns {lkzamb Awiw ]m]
lcnpp. ZoLw Ahybamb kp \Ipp.
Aam{Xmbpamb {]Whw tamw \Ipp.

18. ssXe[mcmanhmnw ZoLLm

\n\m`thXv
AhmNyw {]Whkym{Kw bkvXw thZ k
thZhnXv
19. lrXv ]Zva InImaty nc Zo]
\n`mIrXnw
AwKpjvTam{XaNew [ymtb tZmw Imcaoizcx
20. CUbm hmbpam]qcy ]qcbntXymZc nXw
HmwImcw tZla[yw [ymtbzmem
heohrXw
21. {_m]qcI CXyptm hnjvWp Ipw`I
DNytX
tctNm cp{Z CXn t{]mx {]mWmbmaky
tZhXmx
CSapdnbm ssXe[mct]msebpw \op \n
p aWn\mZw t]msebpw \mZm{Kn {]Whw
nXnsNpp. AXv Adnbph\mWv thZ.
lrZbIae InIbn Zo]inJt]msebpw AwKpjvT
am{XImcambpw Ccnp Hmwmccq]\mb Cuizcs\
[ym\npI. CUbneqsS hmbphns\ DZcn kw`cn
pI. tZha[yn Pzmem henIfm BhrXamb
Hmmcw [ym\nWw. ]qcIw {_hmsWpw Ipw`Iw
hnjvWphmsWpw tcNIw cp{Z\msWpw ]dbs
Spp. Ah aqhcpw {]mWmbmans A[njmTm\
tZhmcmWv.

22. Bm\acWnw IrXzm {]Whw

tNmcmcWnw
[ym\\nY\m `ymkmtZh ]mtiyn
KqVhXv
23. Hmmc[z\n\mtZ\ hmtbmx kwlcWmnIw
bmhZv _ew kamZ[ymXv kayv
\mZtbm h[n
24. KamKaw Ka\mZniq\y tamwImctaIw
chntImSnZo]vXnw
]iyn tb khP\mckvYw
lwkmIw tX hncPm `hnXm
Xmgs AcWnbpsS cq]n Bmhns\

{Klnv {]Whs DmcWnbmpI. cnsbpw

aY\amIp [ym\m`ymk\m KqVXXzw ZinpI.
HmwImc[z\nsb \mZklnXw tcNIw sNbvXv \mZebw
kw`hnp [ym\w bYmin sNpI. Kam\mKa\
nXhpw Ka\mZniq\yhpw tImSn kqcy{]`hpw khP
\mkvYhpw lwkmIhpamb Hmmcs Zinp
h ]]hnap\mIpw.

25. b\kv{XnPKrjvS n nXnhyk\

I IrXv
Xtbm hnebw bmXnXZzn jv tWmx
]caw ]Zw
26. AjvS]{Xw Xp lrZv ]w Zzn{XnwiXv
tIkcmIw
Xky at[y ntXm`m\p`m\pa[y KXx iio
27. iin a[yKtXm hn hn a[y KXm {]`m
{]`ma[ymKXw ]oXw \m\mcXv\{]thjv SnXw
28. Xky a[yKXw tZhw hmkptZhw \ncRvP\w
{ioh IukvX pt`mckvIw arm aWn
hn`qjnXw
29. ip kv^SnI kmkw N{ tImSn ka{]`w
Ghw [ymtblmhnjvWptahw hm
hn\bm nXw
30. AXkv{Xn]pjv ] kmiw \m`nmt\
{]Xnjv TnXw
NXp `pPw almhnjvWp ]qctIW
hnNntbXv
krjvSn nXn eb ImcWw GsXmmtWm,
a\nepffXv FhnsSbmtWm hnebw {]m]npXv,
AXmWv hnjvW phns ]ca]Zw. AjvSZftfmSp
IqSnbXpw apncp tImitemSp IqSnbXpamb
lrZbIaens a[yn kqcy\pw kqcys at[y
N{\pw nXnsNpp. N{\p at[y An, Anp
at[y {]`, {]`ma[yn \\mcXv\ ]Xn ]oTw,
AXns a[yn \ncRvP\\mb `Khm hmkptZh.
ipkv^ SnI kmi\pw N{ka{]`\pamb alm
hnjvWphns\ hn\btmsS [ym\npI. {Xn]pjv]
kmi\pw N{ka{]`\pamb almhnjv W phns\
]qcIw sNbvXv [ym\npI.

31. Ipw`tI\ lrZn mt\ NntbXv

Iaemk\w
{_mWw c Kucm`w NXph{w
]nXmalw
32. tcNtI\Xp hnZym eemSkvXw {XntemN\w
ipkv^SnIkmiw \njvIfw ]m]\mi\w

487

I 33.

A_vP ]{Xa[x ]pjv]aq[z \mf at[mapJw

IZfo]pjv]kwImiw khthZabw inhw.
34. ]Zvta tkymZvLmS\w IrXzm t_m[ N{mn
kqcyIw
Xky lrZv_oPamlrXy Bm\w
NctX {[phw

Ipw`Iw sNp Ln lrZbm\v

Iaemk \\pw shfppw Nphpw \ndapffh\pw
NXp`pP\w ]oXmw_c\pamb {_mhns\ [ym\n
Ww. tcNIw sNptm ip kv^SnI ka\mb
s\nbpffh\pw \njvIf\pw ]m]\miI\pw {XntemN\
\pamb ics\ \mw [ym\nWw. inh kh
tZhab\mWv. \qdv Acfpw \qdv ]m{Xfpw hnime
tIkchpamb lrZbIaen kqcy, N{ An
Fnhsb NnnWw. Iaew hnIknptXmsS
kqcyN{mnIfpsS t_m[apmIpp. AhbpsS
_oPw kzoIcnptXmsS ncamb Bimn
ssIhcpp.

36. {Xnm\w N {Xn]m{Xw N {Xn{_

N{Xbmcw
{Xnam{Xa[ am{Xw hm bkvXw thZ k
thZhnXv
37. ssXe [mcmanhmn ZoL Lm \n\m
`thXv
_np \mZIemXoXw bkvXw thZ k
thZhnXv
bssY thmXv ]e \mtfW tXmb
amIj tbcx
XssY thmXv Ijtb Zzmbpw tbmKo tbmK
]tYnXx
39. A bm{XmIw IrXzm tImio `qXw Xp
]Pw
Ijtbmfamt{XW {`pthm at[y ebw
\tbXv
40. {`pthm at[y eemtS Xp \mkn ImbmkvXp
aqeXx
Pm\obmZarXw m\w XZv {_m bX\w
alXv.
aqp m\w aqp ]m{Xw aqp {_mhv aqp
cw cpam{X Aam{X Ch Adnbph thZU
\mWv. ssXe[mct]mse, Ahnnambn \oa
Wn\mZw t]mse _np, Ie, \mZw, FnhbvXoXamb
Hns\ Bcdnbpp. Ah thZ\mWv. Iae
\mfneqsS tbmKn tbmKkm[\ sNW. kkpSnX
Iaes Aam{Xm cq]amn hmbphns\ kpjpav\m

\mUnbneqsS hensSpv ISnm\v ebnnWw.

]pcnIfpsS a[yn \mknIbpsS aqe m\amb
s\nbn AarXm\w nXnsNpp. {_m\w
AXpXs.

41. Bk\w {]mWkwtcm[x {]Xymlmc

[mcWm
[ym\w kam[ntcXm\n tbmKwKm\n
`hn jSv
42. Bk\m\n NXmhn bmthtym
PohPmXbx
GtXjm aXpem t`Zm hnPm\mXn
atlizcx
43. On{Zw `{Zw XYm knwlw ]w tNXn
NXpjvSbw
B[mcmtJy KpZmt\ ]Pw bXp Zfw
44. Xty t{]mNytX tbm\nx ImamJym
knhnX,
tbm\n at[y nXw enwKw ]nam`napJw
XYm
Bk\w, {]mWmbmaw, {]Xymlmcw, [mcWw, [ym\w
kam[n Fnh tbmKns jUwKfmIpp.
temIn F{X PmXn PohnIfptm A{Xbpw C\w
Bk\Ifpapv. AhbpsS AkwJy t`Z ]ca
inht\ Adnbmhq knmU\w `{Zmk\w, knwlmk\w,
]mk\w, Fv Bk\ {][m\ambn \memWv.
{]Ya N{Iw B[mchpw cmaXv kzm[njvTm\hpw BWv.
cnsbpw at[y Imacq]amb tbm\n m\w nXn
sNpp. KZm\pff B[mc N{In \mep
Zfapff Iaeapv. AXns a[yn Ima F tbm\n;
AXv knhnXamWv. tbm\n at[y ]nam`napJamb
enwKw \nesImffpp.

46. akvX tI aWnhZv `nw tbm Pm\mXn k

tbmKhnXv
X]vXNmao IcmImcw XUnttJh
hnkv^ pcXv
47. NXpc{kap]cyt ct[m ta{VmXv
{]Xnjv TnXw
kzi_vtZ\ `thXv {]mWx kzm[njv Tm\w
XZm{ibw
48. kzm[njvTm\w XX{Iw ta{Vtab \nKZytX
aWnhp\m b{X hmbp\m ]qcnXw h]px
49. Xm`n aWvUew N{Iw t{]mNytX aWn
]qcIw
ZzmZimcalmNt{I ]pWy ]m]\nb{nXx

488

I 50.

Xmhothm {`atXyhw bmhXzw\ hnXn

Du[zw ta{VmZt[m \mt`x Itm tbmSkvXn
JKmWv U hXv
51. X{X \mUy kapXv ]mx kl{kmWn
Zznk]v XXnx
tXjv T \mUoklt{kjv T Zznk]vXXn
cp{ZmlrXm.

akvXIn cXv\ w t]mse tim`np hkvXp

Adnbph tbmKhn\mWv. I\en Np kz
ns \ndtamSpw an t]mse {]Imiam\ambpw
Anm\p \npw \mewKpew apIfn {`a{]m
\n\p Xmsg kzw i_vZw Iep {]mW kvXnXn
sNpp. AXv kzm[njvTm\ N{Is B{ibnncn
pp. ta{Vns aqe`mKv kzm[ojvT m\ N{Iw;
AhnsS cXv\ Xpt]mse hmbp ]ocnXamb icocw;
\m`o aWvU e N{Is aWn]qcIsav ]dbpp.
AhnsS ]{v ActfmSp IqSnb alm N{In
]pWy ]m]fpsS \nb{Ww \Spp. Cu XXzw
{KlnpXphsc Poh Aetb hcpw; ta{Vn\p
apIfn \m`np Xmsg ]nap t]mse Hcp Iapv.
AXn \npw Fgp]ncmbncw \mUnI ]pdsSpp.
Ahbn Fgp]n csw {][m\sXmWv.

52. {][m\x {]mWhmlnt\ym `qbkvX{X Zi

kv arXmx
CUm N ]nwKfm ssNh kpjpav \m N
XrXobIw
53. Kmmco lkvX nPnlzmN ]qjm ssNh
biekzn\n
Aew_pkm Iplpc{X iwJn\o ZihnkvarXm
54. Ghw \mUnabw N{Iw hntbw
tbmKn\m kZm
kXXw {]mWhmln\yx tkma kqcymn
tZhXmx
55. CUm]nwKem kpjpav\ mkvX nt{km \mUy
{]IonXm
CUm hmta nXm `mtK ]nwKeo ZntW
nXm
56. kpjpav\m a[ytZti Xp {]mWam
kqbxkv arXm
{]mtWm ]m\x kam\tmZm\mx hym\
kvXssYhN
57. \mKx Iq IrItcm tZhZtm
[\RvPbxctIm
{]mWmZymx ]hnJymXm \mKmZym
]ambhx

Fgp]n cp \mUnIfpffhbn ]sw

{]mWhmln\nIfmWv. Ah CU, ]nwKf, kpjpav\,
Kmmcn, lkvXn, Pnlzm]qjm, bikzn\n, Bew_pk,
Iplp iwJn\n. Cu \mUoN{Is kw_n m\w
tbmKnIv hfsc BhiyamWv. Chbn CU, ]nwKf,
kpjpav\ a[yn aqpw {]mWs am kzcq]
fmWv. {]mW, A]m\, kam\, DZm\, hym\,
\Kw, Iqw, IrIcw, tZhZw, [\RvPbw {]mWmZn
Ifmb Apw IrIcmZnIfmb Apw {]knfmb
Apw IrIcmZnIfmb Apw {]knfmb hmbp
fmWv.

58. GtX \mUo klt{kjp ht

Pohcq]nWx
{]mWm]m\htimPothm ly[tm[zw
{][mhXn
59. hmaZnWamtW NeXzm ZriytX
Bn]vtXm `pPZWvtU\ btYmeXn
IpIx
60. {]mWm]m\kamn]vXkvXZz othm \
hn{itaXv
A]m\mXv IjXn {]mtWm ]m\x {]mWw
NIjXn
61. JKcphZntXyXtZym Pm\mXn k
tbmKhnXv
lImtcW _lnbmXn kImtcW
hntiXv ]p\x
62. lwklwtkXyapw a{w Pothm P]Xn
khZm
iXm\n jUv Znhmcm{Xw kl{kmtWyI
hnwiXnx
63. GXXv kwJym\znXw a{w Pothm P]Xn
khZm
AP]m \ma Kmb{Xo tbmKn\mw
tamZm kZm
Cs\ Cu hmbp Pohcq]n Bbncw
\mUnIfpw Dv. {]mWm]m\hicmbn Poh apIfnepw
Xmsgbpw hpw t]mbpancnpp. Nnetm CStmpw
Nnetm hetmpw AXp t]mIpw. NeamIbm
ImWm \nhrnbn. ssIsIm]pt]mse {]mWmhm
\mcm FdnbsSpXpsImv Poh\v hn{iaan.
{]mWm]m\m At\ym\yw BIjnsSpp. Cu
clkyadnbph\mWv tbmKn. {]mW lImc [z\nbn
shfnbntebvpw t]mIpp. Poh kZm lwkw F
a{w P]npp. Hcp Znhkw Cu P]kwJy Ccp]n
Hmcmbncn Adp\qdmWv. CsX{X AP]mKmb{Xn.
tbmKnIv CXv tamw \IpXmWv.

489

I 64.
65.

66.
67.

68.
69.

70.

Akymx kev] amt{XW \cx ]mss]x

{]apNytX
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{]_pm hn tbmtK\ a\km acpXm kl
kpNnhZv KpWamZmb {hPXyp[zw
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hnt`ZtbXv
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t{]mcb ]qcnXw
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a\pjy Cu AP]m Kmb{Xn a{ P]m

Xs ap\mIpw. CXn\p Xpeyamb hnZytbm P]tam
]pWytam thsdbn. Cu a{m A\mbmkw
{_m\w {]m]nmw. B amw Xs apJm
adv ]ctaizco in Ddpp. AXv hntbmKm
DWsSpp. \qens\smv kqNnt]msebpw
X m t m s m v h m X n t ] m s e b p w t b m K n
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kw]pSnXamn ZrVXtbmsS ]mk\nencpv
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]mk\nencpv \mUnIfn hmbp kw`cnv
Ipw`Im \ntcm[np tbmKn XnIpw apn
t\Spp.

71. AwKm\mw a\w IrXzm {iaPmXt\

hmcnWm
ISzehWXymKo oc]m\cXx kpJo

72. {_Nmco anXmlmco tbm\o tbmK

]cmbWx
A_vZmZq[zw `thXv kntm \m{X Imcy
hnNmcWm

hymbmaw sImpmb hnbv icocn a\w

sNbvXp Ibv],v ]pfn, Dv, Fnh Dt]nv ]m IpSnv
kpJambncnWw. Cs\ km[\ sNp {_Nm
cnbmb tbmKn Hcp hjn\p fffn kn\mIpsa
Xn\m kwibnm\n.

73. Itm[zIpWv Ueo imnx k

tbmKo knn`mP\w
A]m\ {]mWtbmsscIyw bq{X
]pcojtbmx
74. bhm `hXn hrtm ]n kXXw aqe _\mXv
]mjvWn`mtK\ kw]oUy tbm\namIp
tbXv KpZw
75. A]m\aq[zapXvIrXy aqe_tm b
apNytX
DUymWw IpcptX bkvamZhn{im alm JKx
76. DobmWw XtZhkym{X _tm
hn[obtX
DZtc ]naw XmWw \mt`cq[zw Xp
ImctbXv
Ins apIfnepff IpWvU en\nbn tbmKn
\nbamIpw kn\mIppw. \nbma\pkrXw aqe_
m`ymkw sNbvX m {]mWmhss\Iyw km[npw;
aeaq{X Ipdbpw., hr t]mep bphmhmIpw.
Dqnbm tbm\n m\aan KpZw BIpnXamn
A]m\s\ apIfntebvmIjnWw. Cu {]{Inbbvv
aqe_w Fv ]dbpw. ASXv Dobm\ hn[n.
almJKw hn{ianpXpt]mse DZc]na XmWs
\m`np apIfn \ndptXpv.

77. DobmtWm ]ybw _tm arXyp amXwK

tIkco
_[v\mXn ln intcmPmXat[mKman\t`m Pew
78. XtXm Pmecm_ I ZpxJu
L \mi\x
Pmetc IrtX _t IktmN
eWw
79. \ ]obpjw ]XXyu \ N hmbpx {][mhXn
I]meIplntc Pnlzm {]hnjvSm hn]coXKm
80. {ZpthmcKXm ZrjvS nap{Zm `hXn tJNco
\tcmtKm acWw Xky \n{Zm \ p[m Xrjm

490

acWamIp B\bvv knwln\v XpeyamWv. Cu

Dnbm\w ASpXv Pmec _w. Cu Pmec
_m intcm tIi Pes apIfn Xs \ntcm
[nWw. As\ sNbvXm I _hpw ihpw
\ in pw. P m e c_ n I Wv Tk t mN w
sNbvXm AarXw Anbn ]Xnn. hmbp HmSp
n. ASpXv tJNco ap{Z, \mv aSn I]meIplc
n sImpt]mbn. cp ]pcnIfpsSbpw a[yn
IqSn ZrjvSn DdnWw. Cu tJNco ap{Zm`ymkm
tcmKhpw acW `bhpw DmIpn. Ddw hniv
Zmlw FnhbpsS ieyw Dmhn.

81. \ N aqm `thky tbm ap{Zmw thn

tJNcnw
]oUytX \ N tcmtKW en]ytX \a
IWm
82. _tX \ N Imte\ bky ap{ZmkvXn
tJNco
Nnw NcXn tJ bkva mnlzm `hXn
tJKXm
83. tXss\jm tJNco \ma ap{Zm kn
a\kvIXm
tJNcym ap{Zbm bky hnhcw
ew_ntIm[zXx
84. _npx cXn t\m bky Iman\ym
enwKnX ky N
bmhZv _npx nXm tZtl Xmh arXyp
`bw IpXx
tamlmeykmtem tcmKmtem tJNco ap{Z
Ah\v `oXnbpmhn. Ah\v I_an.
tJNco ap{Zm`ymkm Nnw BImin nXn
sNpIbpw Pnlz BIiKman\nbmhpIbpw sNph
Ime_n s]Spn. AXn\m kn tbmKnI
tJNco ap{Z hWpp. AXpaqew \mep Zzmcw
ASbvphs hocyw kv{Xobpambpff BenwKnepw
{khnn. Dffn hocyw Dfftm acW`bsan\mWv?

85. bmhZv _m \t`m ap{Zm XmhZv_ np

\ KXm
KfntXm ]n _npx kw{]m]vtXm tbm\n
aWvUte
86. {hPXyq lTmXviym \n_tm
tbm\n ap{Zbm
k Gh Zznhnt[m _npx ]mWv Utcm
telnXkvXYm
87. ]mWv Ucw ip{I anXymlp temlnXm
JymwalmcmPx

hn{Zpa{`pa kmiw tbm\n mt\

nXw cPx

88. iinmt\ htkZv _np kv{XtkymsscIyw

XpkpZpe`w
_npx inthm cPx in_nqcnp ]nkp
ctPm chnx
tJNco ap{Z DffnStmfw hocy]X\apmIn.
AYhm hocyw {khnv tbm\nm\v t]mbmepw
tbm\n ap{Z aptJ\ AXns\ hopw inbn apIfn
tebvmIjnmw. Cu hocyw izX hhpw chpw
Fv cp hn[apv. tizX hapffXv ipw; Npa
\ndapffXv almcPv; ]hngw t]mse Npa cPv
tbmKnbpsS tbm\nm\pw ipw N{\pw
nXnsNpp. cnsbpw kwtbmKw Zp`amWv.
ipw inhkzcq]hpw, cPvin kzcq]hpamWv. hocyw
N{\pw cPv kqcy\pamIpp.

89. D`tbmx kwKamtZh {]m]ytX ]caw h]px

hmbp\m inNmte\ t{]cnXw tJ bYm cPx
90. chnssWIXzambmXn `thnhyw h]pkvXYm
ipw Nt{W kwbpw cPx kqcy
kanXw
91. Zztbmx kacko `mhw tbm Pm\mXn k
tbmhnXv
tim[\w aePmXm\mw LS\w N{
kqcytbmx
92. ckm\mw timjWw kayMvalmap{ZZn [obtX
93. htm\ykvXl\p\nhoUy kpjncw
tbmt\hmamw {LnWm
lkvXm`yma\p[mcb {]hnXXw ]mZw XYm
ZnWw
B]mcy izkt\\ IpnbpKfw _[zmi
ss\xtcNtb
tZjm ]mX\min\o \\p alm ap{Z \rWmw
t{]mNytX.
cnsbpw kwtbmKm ]caamb tZlw
e`npw. hmbp aptJ\ insb Nennptm cPv
BImis {]m]npp. kqcyt\mSv tNcpp. Atm
icocw ZnhyamIpp. cnsbpw GIo`mhadnbp
h\mWv ASpXv. alm ap{ZbmWv. AXns\n ]dbmw.
lrZbw XmSnsIman CSXp Imense DqnsImv
tbm\n m\aan \onb atm ]nSnv cp
IpnIsfbpw _nv \ndp \ndpnb izmkw
kmh[m\w shfnbntebvv hnSWw. Cu ap{Zsb ]m]\min\nbmb almap{Zsbv ]dbpp.

491

I 94.

AY B \nbw hyJytkylrZnmt\
AjvS Zf ]w htX. Xty tcJm hebw
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htX. Xkvan khw {]Xnjv T nXw `hXn.
k h w Pm\ mXn. k h w I tcmX n. k hta
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tZzj tI m] aX n `h Xn. bZ m ] naZtf
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amWnIyhw XZmKat\ Ne\ sshcmKyaXn
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hw XZmZm\mXn Ir]m aXn `hXn. bZm
knjp ]Xn `hXn. XZm hmX]n tjva
alm hym[n {]tImt]m `hXn. bZm at[y XnjvTXn
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I tc m X n. bZ m t\ {X {i t am `h X n. {i a
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hw XZm \n{Z hm `hXn. \n{Zmh m at[y
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tIhe ]ctaizc kw_n \o _pn`hXn.
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] c mK h w X Zm X p cobmh m `h Xn.
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lrZb m\v AjvSZf nXnsNpp. AXn
tcJIsf B{ibnv Pohmmhmb tPymXnx kzcq]w
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Spp. AXv kIeXpw Adnbpp. AXpXs Fmw
sN pp; Nn n pp R m k Ie ns bpw
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AXv kzX{ambn s]cpamdpp. B Iaens ]qh
Zfw shfpXmWv. AXn hknpXn\m _pn
`nbnepw [nepw ]Xnbpp. Btb Znnse
tizX Zfn hknptm _pn \n{Zbnepw
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Znnepff \oehnemIptm _pn ]m]I
nepw lnwk bnepw s]Spp. ]na`mKs
kv^ SnI hnemIptm _pn{IoUm ht\mZm
ZnIfn s]Spp. hmbhy tImWnepff amWnIy kZriy
Zfn hknptm Ne\w sshcmKy `mh\ Fnh
bn _pn t]mIpp. hSp `mKs ]oXh
Zfn hknptm kuJy irwKmcmZnIfn _pn
t]mIpp. Cuim\ tImWnepff sshUqcy cXv\Xp
eyamb Zfn hknptm Zm\mZnIfnepw Zbbnepw
_pn hy]cnpp. knIfpsS knbn _pn
t]mIptm hmXw ]nw I^w Fo almtcmK
fpsS tIm]w DmIpp. a[y`mKp \nptm
Fmw Adnbm\pw Km\w \rw A[yb\w Chbn
s]Sm\pw _pnp Ignbpp. In\v {iaw t\cnSp
tm AXv \om {]Ya tcJm a[yn AXv
\nh\w sNpp. Xnanw \n{Zmh DmIpp.
B {]Ya tcJ sNcnqhns \ndapffXmWv;
\n{ZhbpsS a[ynepffXmWv kz]v \ mh.
kz]v\n IXpw tIXpw A\pam\nsXpamb
Imcy kev]nsSptm {iaw A\p`hsSpp.
B {iaw ZqcoIcnphm cmw imJbpsS a[yn
a p p p. A Xns \ndw a gh nns\ m Xm Wv .
kpjp]vXnbn _pn Cuizc kw_ambpw \nXyt_m
[\ kzcq]ambpw Ccnpp. AXpsImv ]noSv
Cuizc {]m]vXnbpw DmIpp. ]cmKns \ndap
ff cmas imJbpsS a[yn s]Sptm
Xpcobmh ssIhcpp. Atm _pn ]cammhp
ambn _apffXpw \nXy t_m[kzcq]hpw Bbno
cpp. Atm ]XpsXps kIeXnepw \nv
`nambn ss[cytmsS a\ns\ Bmhnepdnv
A\\y NntbmsSbncnWw. Atm {]mW
A]m\\n GIo`hnv kIe hnizsbpw B

492

I kzcq]ambn IcpXn AXns\ eoIcnpp. Xpcobmh

ssIhcptm Fmw B\ kzcq]ambn Zzz
`mhw \jvSsSpp. AXn\ptijw t_m[w ]qamIp
Xp hsc Poh tZln Xs XpIbpw ]cam
XXzn hnebw {]m]npIbpw sNpp. CXp
XsbmWv tam{]m]vXnpff hgn, Cu amn
IqSns BZi\w e`npp. NXpjv]Zbpan alm Zzmcn t]mIp hmbphns\msSmw hknv
A {XntImWn IqSn ANypXs\ ImWm
km[npw.

95. ]qthm {XntImW m\m Zp]cn

]rYn hymZn ]hIw t[ybw
{]mWm Zn ]hmbp _oPw hw
N m\Iw
bImcw {]mW _oPw N \oe PoaqX kn`w
cImcan _oPw N A]m\mZnXy kn`w.
96. eImcw ]rYznho cq]w hym\w
_kqI kn`w
hImcw Poh _oPw N DZm\w iwJ hIw
97. lmcw hnbzcq]w N kam\w
kv^SnI {]Zw
lrm`n \m km Im N ]mZmw Kpjv TmZn
kwnXm.
98. Zznk]XXn kl{kmWn \mUnhtjvT
htX
AjvSm hnwiXn tImSojvT tcmaIpt]jp
kwnXm.
99. kam\ {]mW GIkvXp Pohx k GI
Gh lnx
tcN ImZn{Xbw IpcymXv ZrV Nnx
kmalnXx
100. iss\x kakvX amIrjy]rXv ktcmcp
hntImStc
{]mWm]m \u Xp _[zmXp {]Whth\
kaptcXv.
]qthmamb {XntImW m\n\p apIfnembn
Ap htfmSp IqSnb ]rYzn XpSnb XXz
[ym\nstShbmWv. bImcw hmbp cq]nepff
{]mWs _oPamWv. AXv ImtaL kZriysas{X. "c'
Imcw BZnXy cq]nepff hym\\mWv. AXn\v sN
cn ]qhns \ndamWv. "h' Imcw iwJhnepff
Pecq]amb DZm\s _oPamWv. "l' Imcw kv^ SnI
hnepff BImin\pXpeyamWv. lrZbw, \m`n,

\mknI, sNhn, Imense Xffhnc Fnh kam\s

m\fmWv. Cu kam\ hmbp Fgp]ocmbncw
\mUnIfnepw icocns tcmaIq]fnepw hknp
p. kam\\pw {]mW\pw HpXs. AXpXs
GI\mb Poh. a\v thhn[w kamlcnv tcNIw
Ipw`Iw ]qcIw aqpw sNtXpv. Fmw kmh[m\w
BIjnv lrZbIaen {]mWhmbphns\bpw
\ntcm[nv {]Whw DcnWw.

101. IWvT ktmN\w IrXzm

enwKktmN\w XYm
aqem[mc kpjpav\m N ]ZvaXp \n`m ip`m
102. Aaqtm htX \mtZm hoWm ZWvU
kapnXx
iwJ\mZm`nssh a[ytah [z\ncyYm
103. thymac{KtXm \mtZm ambqcw \mZtah N
I]meI ltc at[y NXp Zzmcky a[yta
104. XZmm cmPtX X{X bYm thymav\n ZnhmIcx
tImZWvU Zzbat[y Xp {_ct{jp
inXx
105. kzmm\w ]pcpjw ]ty\ kvX{X
ebw KXw
cXv\m\n tPymv\n \mZw Xp _np
amtlizcw ]Zw
b Ghw thZ ]pcpjx k ssIheyw
kaiv\ptX
CXyp]\njXv.
IWvThpw enwKhpw ktmNnnv aqem[mcn
\npw Xmac\q t]mse ]pdsSp kpjpav \ m
\mUnsb ktmNnnWw. Atm hoWbn \npw
]pdsSp Aaq \mZw A\p`hsSpw. AXns
a[yn iwJmZn\mZw t]mepff [z\n apgpw.
Iamea[y n NXp ZzmcfpsS a[y m\w
nXnsNpp. AhnsS BImi c{n IqSn
t]mIp \mZw abnens i_vZ n\p XpeyamWv.
BImin kqcy {]IminpXpt]mse AhnsS
Bmhv tim`npp. {_c{n cphnpIfpsS at[y in tim`npp. AhnsS ]pcpj Xs
a\v ebnnv Bmhns\ ImWpI. AhnsS cXv\
tPymXnmIp \mZ_np atlizcs ]ZamWv AXv
Adnbph ssIheyw {]m]npp. Fv D]\nj
pI hyampp.
[ym\_nq]\njv Ahkm\nnp.

493

I
1

Zn-Wm-aqyp-]-\n-jv 3

imn-]mTw
Hmw kl \mh-hXpw kl \u `p\p kl
hocyw Ic-hm-h-ssl. tXPkzn \mh-[o-X-a-kvXp. am
hnZzn-jm-hssl. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
]c-{_w Kpcp injy-m-cmb \ cp-t]-scbpw
cn-tW. ]cn-]m-en--s. cp t]cpw Hcp-anp Ign-hpI t\S-tW. R-fpsS A[y-b\w tXtPm-a-b-am-ItW.
R ]c-k]
v cw hntZzjw Ie- cm-Xn-cn-tW. Hmw imnx
imnx imnx

1. Hmw {_m-ht alm-`m-o-c-h-S-aqte almk-{Xmb ktaXm aljbx iu\-Im-Zb kvtX l

kanXv ]m- b - k v X Xz Pn m- k thm amtbw Nncw-Po-hn\w D]-k-taXy ]{]px tI\Xzw
Nncw Poh-kn. tI\ hm B\ a\p-`-hkn CXn.
{_m-h-n alm- `m-o-cw Fp t]cp hShr-- ns Nph-n alpw ZoL-Imew \op
\np-- Xp-amb alm- bw \S-m thn iu\- I
XpS- nb ap\n-am kt-fn-p. XXz-Pn- m-k-tbmsS kanXv
]mWn-I-fmbn Ah Nncw-Po-hn-bmb am-t- bs\ kao]nv tNmZnp: Av F-s\-bmWv Nnc-RvPo-hn-bm-bXv?
Fn-s\-bmWv B\w A\p-`-hn-p-Xv?

]c-a-c-l -k y-i o-h- X- z-m-t\-t \Xn

k tlm hmN
]c-a-c-l-ky-amb inh-X-z-m-\
- m-emWv Fv
Atlw adp-]Sn \In.

3. Inw XXv ]c-a-c-lk

- y-in-h-X
- z-m-\w, X{XtIm
tZhx tI a{mx tIm P]x Im ap{Zm Iv \njvTm
Inw XXv m\-km-[ \w Ix ]cn-Icx tIm_enx
Ix Imex Inw XXv m\-anXn
aljn-am tNmZnp: B ]c-a-c-lk
- y-amb inh-X-Xzm-\-sa-mWv? AXns tZh-\mcv? a{- ta-XmWv? Phw
GXmWv? ap{Z GXmWv? m\- e-_v[nv A\p- jT
v n-t
km[-\-sbv? \njvT-sbv? B Fv? _en FmWv?
FXmWv Imew? m\-sav?

4. k tlmhmN tb\ Zn-W m-apJx inthm f

]tcm-o-IrtXm `h-Xn, XXv ]ca cl-kyw. inh
Xz- m- \w.
am-t-b ]dp: Zn-W m-a p-J Fp
t]cp inh GsXmp sImmtWm Zrn tKmN-c-\m-

bn-o-cp- Xv AXp-X-s- bmWv ]c-a-c-l-ky-amb inh-X-zm\w

5. bx kthm ]cta Imte khm-\ym--\yp-]kw-lrXym kzmm-\--kptJ tamZtX {]Im-itX

hm k tZhx
kI-et- em-I
- -fp-sSbpw Ah-km-\-L--n kh-Ncm-N-c-fpw Xn kam-l-cnv kzbw Bm-\-k
- p-Jn {]k--Nn--\mbn kzbw {]Im-i-\m-bn-cn-p
tZh Xs- bmWv Cu XXz- m- \-e-_v[nv Bcm- [n- t
tZh.

6. Ass{XtX a{-c-lk
- y-tmIm `h-n. Aky{in-ta[m Zn-W m-aqn-a-{ky {_m Ejnx
Kmb{Xo Ox tZhXm Zn-Wmkyx at{mWmw
K\ymkx
ChnsS a{--fpsS clkyw shfn-hm-p tmI CXm-Cu ta[m ZnWm aqn a{-ns Ejn
{_m-hpw, Ov Kmb-{Xn-bpw, tZhX Zn- Wm-ap-J-\p-amIp-p. a{w sImv AwK-\ymkw sNp-I.

7. Hmw. BZu \ma Dmcy XtXm `K-htX ]Zw

Zn- t WXn ]Zw ]m- ptb ]Z- a - - t cXv
Akva- -_ vZ-N -X pyw ta[mw {]mw ]Zw
htZ-Xv. kap- mcy XtXm hmbp _oPw x XXx
]tTXvx An Pmbmw XX-kvtXmj NXphnwimwtcm a\px
BZyw Hmw \ax Fp-c
- nv `K-htX Fpw ]noSv
ZnWm Fpw ]ns aqtb Fpw ]ns AkvaZv
i_vZ-ns NXpn GI-hN
- \
- -amb alyw Fpw
]ns ta[mw {]mw Fo ]Z-fpw D-cn-p-I. {]
Fp--cnv hmbp-hns^ _oP-a-{-amb b bpw F
i_vZhpw D-cn-p-I. ]noSv An-bpsS ]Xv\n-bmb
kzml Fp ]d-bp-I. CXmWv Ccp-]-n-\me A- c-ap
a{w. AXm-bXv Hmw \tam `K-htX Zn-Wm-aqtb
alyw ta[mw {]w {]b kzml F a{w sNmp-I.

8. [ym\w
kv^Sn-I-c-P -X-hw aun-Io-a--amem
aarX Ie-i-hnZymw m\-ap{Zmw Icmt{K
Z[-Xa
- p-c-K-Iw N{-NqUw {Xnt\{Xw
hn[rX hnhn-[-`q-jw-Z-n-Wm-aqn-ao-tU.

494

kv^Sn- I-a- Wn-Xp-eyhpw cPXw t]msebpw shfp \ndap--h\pw app-P-]-am-ebpw Icm-{K-n Aar-X-I-e-ihn-Zy-bm-Ip m\ap-{Zbpw [cn-n-cn-p-Xpw In k-sf AWn--h\pw N{--em-[-c\pw ap\pw hnhn-[- `q-j- W- [cn- n-cn-p--h-\p-amb Zn- Wmaqnsb Rm kvXpXn-p-p.

at{W \ymkx
9. BZ\ thZmZn apmcy
kzcmZyw khn-kIw
]mw XXv DyXy
Acw khn-km-Iw
At kap--tc-mcw a\p-tcj \hm-cx
a{w sImp \ymkw BZyw thZ-ns BZym- c-amb Hmm-chpw ]noSv kzc--fpsS khn-k-amb
BZym-- chpw (A,-D,-a) Hmw F {]W-h-a-{s ]noSv
]mw AXm- bXv ZnWmaqn F i_vZ-sbpw
AXn-s\-p-Sv hnk-tmsS Acw i_vZ-sbpw
HSp-hn Xmcw AXm-bXv Hmw Fpw D-cn-- Ww. Cu \hm- c-amWv a\p-a{w Fp ]d-bs
- -Sp--Xv. Hmw Ax ZnWm-aqy-cx Hmwx

10. ap{Zmw `{Zm-Zm{Xow k]-ci

- p-l-cnWw _mlp`n_m-lp-t aIw
Pm\zm-kw Z[mt\m `qP-K-_n-e-ka
- m-_-I
- tym-hSm[x
Bko-\--{-NqUx {]Xn-L-Sn-X-PSx c
Kuckv{Xn t\t{Xm ZZym-ZmZyw ipIm-ssZy ap\n`n-c`- n-hrtXm `mh-ipow `thm \x

An ]Xv\n-bmb kzmlm Fp D-cn--Ww. AXm-bXv

Hmw {_qw \ax {low sFw ZnWm aqtb m\w
tZln kzmlm F A-Z-im-c bp-amb a\p a{w
D-cn--aw.

13. `kva-hym-]mp cmwKx iin-i-Ie [tcm-m\-ap-{Zm- -amem

hoWm ]pkvs sX hncm-P-XvI-c-I-a-e-[tcm tbmK]-m-`n-cmax
hmJym-]otT \njtm ap\n-h-c-\n-Isscx
tkhy-am\x {]kx
khymew Irn hmkmx kX-X-a-h-\ pt\m ZnWm-a qn-c oix
`kva-te-]-\- m shfp ico- c-tmSp IqSn- b-h\pw
iin-I-em-[-c\pw Ic-Ia
- -e
- n m\-ap-{Zbpw cp{Zm-am-ebpw hoWbpw ]pkvX-Ihpw [cn-n-cn-p--h\pw tbK]--[m-cnbpw hymJym-]o-T-n-X\pw t{ijvT-a p-\n-am-cm
tkhy-am-\\pw {]k-\pw k--fm {]tim-`n-X\pw
hym{L-N [mcnbpw Bb Zn-Wm-aqn Rsf
]men--s.

14. at{W \ymkx ({_- jn \ymkw) Xmcw

]cwcam-_ oPw htZ-X v, kmw_-i n-h mb N Xp`yw
Nm\-e-Pmbmw N a\pZzm-Z-i-hI
BZyw Hmw {low {iow Fv ]d-bW
- w. ]ns kmw_in-hmb Fp ]ns Xp`yw Fp HSp-hn kzmlm Fp
]d-bW
- w. CXv ]{v A-c-ap a\p-a-{-am-Wv. (Hmw
{low {iow kmw_ inhmb Xp`ymw kzmlm)

15. hoWmw Isscx ]pkvX-I-a--amemw

_n{`m-W-a-\{- Zm-`-Kfw hcmVyw
^Wo-{-Iyw ap\n`nx ipImssZyx
tkhyw hSm[x IrX-\o-U-aotUx

ipI XpS-nb aljn-am-cm tkhn--s-Sp-h\pw Hcp ssIn A`-b-ap{Z at ssIbn ]c-ip, am

Fnh [cn-n-p--h\pw Hcp ssI PwL- bn sh-h\pw
hS-hr-- Np-h-n Ccn-p--h\pw ]mp- I hnl-cn-p
Ic--fm hoWbpw ]pkvX-Ihpw A-c-am-ebpw
ico-c-tmSp IqSn-b-h\pw N{--e- bm tim`n-X-amb PSmIWvT - n cp{Zm- -a m-e bpw [cn- n-p- -h \pw Hcp
`mcw tN-h\pw ]m t]mse shfp \nd-am-h\pw
ssIbn A`-b-Zm-\-ap-{Z-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw Imta-L-k-am{Xnt\-{X\pw BZn-`-K-hm-\p-amb inh \apv `mh-ipn
\-amb tImaf IWvT-tmSp IqSn-b-h\pw AXn-t{i-jvT\pw
\I-s.
k--fm A-ew-Ir-X-i-co-c\pw ipIm-Zn-ap\n hc-m-cm
11. at{mW \ymk: {_jn \ymk: Xmcw ]cn-tk-hn-X\pw hS-hr--Np-h-n hncm-Pn-p--h-\p-amb
v -cn-p-p.
{_qw\ax Dmcy ambmw hmKv`-h-tah N ZoWm `K-hm i-cs\ Rm \a-kI

]Z-ap-mcy XXx kymqtb ]Zw

12. m\w tZln ]Zw ]m-Zz-n-Pmbmw XtXm
\ymtkXv a\p-c-m-Zi
- mtm-Sbw kh-a-t{jvT
tKm]nXw
Hmw {_q \ax Fp--cnv amb AXm-bXv {low
hmKv `h AXm-bXv sFw Fpw ZnW ]Zw Fp
]dv aqtb Fpw m\w tZln Fpw HSp-hn

16. hnjv W px Ejnx A\p- p- ] v O x tZhXm

ZnWmkyx at{-W-\ymkx Xmcw \tam `K-htX
Xp`yw hS-]Zw XXx apteXn ]Z-ap-mcy hmknt\
]Z-ap- -tcXv
17. {]-ta[m ]Zw ]m-Zm-Zn-k now XtXm f
htZXv
Zmbnt\ ]Z-ap-m-cy-am-bnt\ \a D-tcXv

495

I 18. hmKo-imb XXx ]m

lm-m-\-]Zw XXx
hn Pmbmw XX-kvtXzj
Zzm{Xnw-iZ- z tIma\px
A\p- pt`m a{-cmPx
kh-a- t{m- -tam-aw
BZyw Hmw \tam `Kth Xp`yw Fpw ]noSv hS
i_vZhpw ]noSv aqe-i-_vZhpw ]ns hmknt\ Fpw
D-cnv {]m-ta-t[m-]Z- hpw AXn-\p-tijw BZn-knn
Fpw D-cn--Ww. ]ns Zmbnt\ Fv ambnt\ \ax
F ]Zhpw tN-Ww. HSp-hn kzmlm Fp-c
- n-pI. As\ Hmw \tam `K-htX Xp`yw hS-aq-e-hm-knt\
{]m-ta- [mZn knn-Zm-bnt\ ambnt\ \ax hmKo- imb almm-\mb kzmlm CXns Rjn hnjvWphpw Nv
A\p-bpw tZhX Zn-Wm-ap-J\pw BWv. Cu a{w Gsd
t{ijvT-am-W.v

a{- \nc-cw Dcp-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--XmWv m\km-[-\w. Nn-m B ]c-a-X-Xz-n GIm-{K-X-tbmsS

[ym\n-p--XmWv ]cn-Ic
- w. AwK-tN--I-fpsS ka--WamWv _en. `K-h-XvIm-cy--fn Ic-W-N-c-Wm-Zn-I Nenn-p--XmWv ]qP. qew kqvaw _oP-cq]w Fo
aqp [ma--fmWv Imew. ZzmZ-im--]-Zw. AXm-bXv kl{k-Z-f-I-aew Xs.-bmWv ]cam-m-hns\ {]m]n-m-\p
m\w {im-bp- - cmb aljn- am _oPw amtbt\mSv tNmZnp: CXv Fs\ DZbw sNpp? AXns
kzcq-]-sav? CXns D]m-k-I-\m-cmWv? amt-b
]dp. sshcm-Ky-am-Ip F-bm \nd `n-bm-Ip-Xn-cn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb m\-]m-{X-n ]vXn-bm-Ip
Zo]-s-Im-Wp-p. AXm-bXv ssh-cmKy`nbpw m
\hpw sImmWv Cuiz-c-Zi\w e`n-p- -Xv . Xs
Dnepw Ncm-N-c--fnepw hym]-cn-n-cn-p Cuiz-cs\
Xs Bm-hp-XsbmsWv Icp-Xp--XmWv ]vXn.

21. tamlm--Imtc \nmtc

DtZXn kzb-tah ln
19. ap{Zm ]pkvXI
- -h-n-\mK hne-k-Zv_mlpw
sshcm-Ky-a-cWnw IrXzm
{]k-m-\\w
m\w IrXzm XpNn-{XKpw
apm-lm-c-hn-`q-jWw iin-Iem
22. KmV Xman-{k-kw-imssy
`mkz-XvIn-co-tSm-Pzew
KqV-aw \nth-Z-tbXv
Am-\m-]l
- -am-Zn- am-Zna Kncm-aw
`hm-\o-]Xnw
taml-`m-\p-P- kw- {Imw
\yt{Km-[m--\n-hmkn \w ]c-Kpcpw
hnth-ImJyw arI- pPw
[ymbmay `nm-]vXtb
23. XXz-hn-Nm-c]m ti\
m\m-`-b-ap-{Z-I ]pkvXIw An, kw, Fn-h_w ssZzX-`b
- m-Xpcw
bm tim`n-p ssII-tfmSp IqSn-b-h\pw apm-lm-c-`qDo-h-b- n-Pm-\ t
jn-X\pw N{--em-n-X-amb Inco-S-m tim`n-X\pw
kzkz-cq-t]W kwnXx
Am-\-\m-i-I\pw BZn ]pcp-j\pw hmK-Xo-X\pw ]mhXo-Im-\pw kh-Kp-cphpw hS-hr-- aqe hmknbpw Bb
inhs\ Rm A`o--kn-n-mbn [ym\n-p-p.

20. a\- \ - a p{Zm tkm f lanXn bmh- Z m- nXnx

k\njvTm `hXn XZ-t`-tZ\ a{m-t{am-U\w m\km-[\w Nnt XtZ-I-Xm-\Xm ]cn-Icx AwK-tNmWw _enx {XoWn [mam\n Imex ZzmZ-im-]Zw m\- a nXn tX l ]p\x {i- [ m-\ mkvX w
{]XyqNpx IYw hm f tkymZbxInw kzcq]w
tImhm Aky D]m-kI CXn. k tlm hmN sshcmKy-ssXe kqt
`n hn ka-\zntX
{]t_m-[-] q-]mt{X Xp
m]vXn Zo]w hntem-I-tbXv

kmc-lo-\hpw Am-\I
- -ev]n-X-hp-amb A-Im-cn B Zo]w kzbw DZbw sNp-p. sshcm-Kys
Ac-Wn- bmn Xs m\w aYn-p-hm- \p C-\-am- n
Xo-Ww. Am-\m--Im-cw, \in-n-m ]c-a-XXzw
{Kln--Ww. A`ym-kw-smt ]c-a-XXzw Zin-m
km[n- q. t_m[-iq-\y-Xm-]m-i-m _-amb ssZzX `mh`-b-m hymIp-ehpw taml-arXyp h{-n ]Xnv
hnth-I-am-Ip am-t-bs\ Do-hn-nv Bm-cm-aXz-am-Ip ]c-am-\-
- n AXm-bXv kzkz-cq-]-n
nXn sNm Ign-b-Ww.

24. tiapjo ZnWm t{]mm

km bkym `otW apJw
Zn-Wm-`n-apJx t{]mx inthm f ku
{_-hm-Zn`nx

Rm ]c-{_w Xs- bmWv F Nnm-KXn acWw

ZnW {_-{]-Im-i-Ihpw XXz-m-\m-- I-hp-amb
hsc Dm-bn-cn--Ww. AXp Xs {_-\n-jvT. ]c-{_-- _pn-X-s-bmWv. ]c-a-X- Xzm-`n-e--W-n kmm-XvImn \nv `n-a-sp IcpXn ]q- sav Icp- X-s- Sp cns apJw tNXv Zn-Wm-ap-J Fv {_-hm-Zn-

496

I I ]d-bp-p. inhs\ Dt-inv Cu \maw {]kn--am-bn.

25. km-Zn-Imte `K-hm hncn-n-cp]m ssky\w
k-km-ay-am]y XptXmj Nnt hmRvO nXmmw- i e_v [ zm [\yx tkm]m- t Iym- ] mktIm `hXn [mXm
krn-bpsS BZy-L- -n `Km-h {_mhv Ctls D]-tbm-K-s-Spn krn-m-\p in t\SpIbpw Xs at\m-cYw km[n--Xn kp-N
- n--\m-bno-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
B {_mhp Xs-bmWv D]m- ky- \mb Zn- Wm- aqn-

bpsS D]m-k-\-I.

26. b Camw ]c-a-cl

- -ky-in-h-X-Xz-hn-Zym-a-[otX
k kh-]m-t]t`ym aptm `hXn b Ghw thZ
k ssIh-fy-a-\ p-`-h-Xo-X yp-] -\ n-jXv
hfsc cl-ky-amb Cu inh-XXz hnZy A[y-b\w
sNp--h kh-]m-]--fn \npw hnap--\m-Ip-p.
CXv th-hn[w a\-n-emn AXv a\\w sNp--h
ssIheyw A\p-`-hn-p-p.
Zn-Wm-aqyp-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

tZhyp-]-\n-jv

imn- ] mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx irWp-bma tZhm `{Zw
]tiy- a m- - ` o- c y- P {Xmx nssc- c w- s s Kkv X p
jvSphmw-k -kvX-\ p-`nhy-tia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx
kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \ ]pjmhn-iz-thZmx kzkvXn \ kvXmtym Acn-jvS-t\anx
kzkvX n t\m _rl-k v] -X nZ-[mXp Hmw imnx
imnx imnx

]d-p-X-c-Ww. Ahn-Sv BcmWv?' tZhn ]d-p, "Rm

{_ kzcq-]n-Wn-bm-Ip-p. Imcy-Im-cW cq]hpw {]Ir-Xn]p-cp-jm--I-hp-amb Cu hnizw Fn \np-amWv Dmbn-p--Xv. Rm B\-c
- q-]n-Wnbpw B\-c
- -ln-X-cq-]n-Wnbp-am-Ip-p. Rm hnm-\-ab
- nbpw Ahn-m-\-a-bnbpw
BWv. Rm Adn-tb {_hpw {_-n\pw AXo-Xbp-amWv Fv AYhWo {ipXn ]d-bp-p.'

2. Alw ]-`q-Xm-\ y-] --` q-Xm\n Al-a -Jnew

PKXv htZm-l-a-th-tZmlw hnZym-la hnZymlw APmtZh-m-sc, R ImXp-sImv \Xp tIp-aml-a-\P
- mlw A[-tm[zw N XncyIv Nmlw Alw
dm-I-s. Ip-I sImv \Xp ImWm-\n-S-h-c-s. kpZrcpt{Z- ` nh- k p- ` n- - c m- a y- l - a m- Z n- s sXy- c pX hnizV- - fmb AwK--fmepw tZlw sImpw \nsf kvXpXntZsshx Alw an{Xm-h -c p-Wm-hp`u _n`ay-l-anp-sIm-n-cn--s. As\ tZh-m \n-bn-n-p
{mo Al-a-izn-\m-hp`u Alw tkmaw XzjvSmcw
Bbp-p-ap-gp-h R A\p-`-hn-s
- . alm-Ion]qjWw `Kw Z[m-aylw hnjvWpw Dcp-{Iaw {_mam-\mb C{ Rv \-sN--s. ]pjmhv Rv
W-apX {]Pm-]Xnw Z[man Alw Z[man {ZhnWw
\ sN-s. _rl-kv]Xn Rp \ sN-s. Hmw
lhn- j v a tX kp{]mthy bP- a m- \ mb kp\ztX
imnx imnx imnx
Alw cmjv{So kwK-a\o hkp-\m-alw kpth ]nX1. lcn Hmw kth ssh tZhm Zho-a p-] -Xpx c-aky ap[ aa tbm\nx A]-kz-m-k-apt{Z Ghw
Imkn Xzw alm-tZhn km A{_-ho-Zlw {_-kz- thZ k tZho-]Z- a
- m-]vt\m-Xn.
cq-]nWo ax {]-Ir-Xn-]p-cp-jm-Iw PKXv iq\yw
Rm ]-`q-X-fpw A]--`q-X--fp-am-Wv. Cu
Nmiq\yw N Alw B\-m-\m-\mx hnm-\m-hnImWp Zriy-{]-]w apgp-h\pw Rm\m-Wv. hnZybpw
mt\ Alw {_m {_Wo thZn- X thy
Ahn-Zybpw thZhpw Ath-Zhpw APbpw A\-Pbpw Rm
CXymtlm AYhmWo {ipXox
Hcp L-n- tZh-m-sc-m-hcpw IqSn tZhnsb kao]nv Cs\ tNmZnp: "tZhn, Ahn-S-s-p-dnv F\nv

Xs. apI-fnepw Xmsgbpw Rm Xs. Ccphi--fnepw

Rm\m-Wv. Rm cp{Z-m-cp-sSbpw hkp--fp-sSbpw cq]n k-cn-p-p. Rm BZnXymcp-sSbpw hniz-tZ-

497

I h-m-cp-sSbpw cq]-n k-cn-p-p. Rm Xs-bmWv

an{Xm-hc
- p-W
- m-scbpw C{m-Zn-I-sfbpw Aiz-\o-tZ-hX
- -Isfbpw kwc- n-p- -Xv. tkma, ]qjm-hv, `K, XzjvSmhv
Fn-hsc Rm Xs-bmWv [cn-p-X
- v. aqp-tem-Ifpw B{I-an-p-hm Rm ]mZw Nen-n-p-p. Rm
hnjvWp-hn-s\bpw {_m-hn-s\bpw {]Pm-]X
- n-sbbpw [cnp-p. tZh-mp thn lhnpw tkmam-`n-tj-Ihpw
sNp bP-am-\\p thn Rm D]m-k-Iv [\-Zm-bn\n-bm-Wv, m\-a -X nbpw b- -f psS \mbn-Ibpw
kq-hn-`-h-n-sbpw A[o-iz-cn-bp-am-Wv. hniz-]n-Xmhmb BIm-is ]c-am-m-hn\pw D]-cn-bmbn {]I-Sn-np-Xv Rm Xs. Fs m\w B-cq-]-[m-cn-Wnbmb _pn-bn-em-Ip-p. kap-{Zhpw Pe-hp-samw Fs
kzcq-]-am-Ip-p. CX-dn-bp m\n tZhn-bpsS ]Zs
{]m]n-p-p.

3. tX tZhm A{_p-h \tam tZsshy alm tZsshy

inhmssb kXXw \ax {]Ir- s sXy- ` - { Zmssb
\nbXmx {]WXmx kva Xmw
tZh-m ]dp: "tZhnv \a-kvImcw alm-tZhnpw inh\pw Fspw \a-kvI m-cw. {]Ir-X nbpw
`{Zbpw awK-f-cq-]n-Wn-bp-amb tZhnv \a-kvIm-cw.'

4. Xmw An-hmw X]km Pzeow |

sshtcm-N\nw I-^t- ejp PpjvSmw |
Zpmw tZhnw ic-W-alw {]]tZy |
kpXcmw \mi-btX Xax |
5. tZhnw hmN-a-P-\-b tZhmkvXmw hniz-c q]mx
]ithm hZn kmt\m at{jaqPw Zplm\m
t[\phm-K-kvam-\p] kpjvSp-ssXXp
6. Imfn-cm{Xnw {_-kX
v pXmw sshjvWhow kvIam-X cw kc- k z-X o-a -Z nXn Z-Z p-l n- X cmw \amax
]mh\mw inhmw.
7. alm-e
- vao hnZvatl kh-kn-n [oaln
Xtm tZho {]tNm-Z-bmXv
8. AZn-Xnly-P\
- njvS Zbm ZplnXm XhXmw
tZhm A\z-Pm-b `{Zm Aar-X_
-
- hx
An- sb-tmse tXtPm-a-bnbpw m\-m {]Imi-am-\bpw I-^e
- -kn-n-mbn tkhy-am-\bpw Zo]vXn-abn-bp-amb `K-hXn Zpm-tZ-hnsb R icWw {]m]np- p.
ssZXy-\m-in-\n-bmb tZhn, Ahn-S-tv \a-kvIm-cw.
tZh-m-cm krjvSn-s
- sshJ-co-hm-Wn-hn-`n coXnbn-ep {]mWn-I D-cn-p-p. Ima-t[-\p-hn-s\-tmse
kpJ-Zm-bn-\nbpw Aw _ew Fn-hsb \Ip--hfpw
hmWo-cq-]n-Wn- bp-amb tZhn R-fpsS t{ijvT-amb kvXpXnbm kp-jvS-bmbn R-fpsS apn {]Xy--s-S-s.

thZfm kvXpXn- -s--hfpw Ime-\m-in-\nbpw

hnjvWp inbpw kc-kz-Xnbpw kvI-am-Xmhpw AZnXnbpw Z-I\
- y-I-bmb kXnbpw Ieym-W-a-bnbpw ]m]\m-in-\nbpw Bb `K-hX
- nsb R \a-kvI-cn-p-p.
kh-in k-b
- mb `K-hXn alm-e-vansb
]cn-Nb
- -ap R tZhnsb kZm [ym\n-p-p. B
tZhn Rv {]tNm-Z\w \I-s.

tl Z-{]-Pm-]tX A-bpsS ]p{Xnsb AZnXn

{]k-hn--Xn\p tij-amWv Aar-X-Xz-Kp-W-hn-ti-j-tm-SpIq-Snb tZh-m krjvSn-s
- --Xv.

9. Imtam tbm\nx Ima-Iem h{P-]mWn Kplm-lkm

amX-c n-izm-{`-an{x ]p\Kplm kI-e m-am-bbm N
]p\x tImim hniz-amXm Znhn tZymw
Imaw, tbm\n, Ie, h{-Kpl, hw, hmbp,
A{`w, h{P-]mWn, kIe cq]-h-amb Ch-sbmw B
PK--\-\n-bp-sS {_cq]n-Wn-bmb aqe-hn-Zy-bm-Wv.

10. Gjm Bm-inx Gjm hniz-tam-ln\n ]mimp-i-[\p_mW-[cm Gjm {ioalm hnZymb Ghw
thZ k timIw XcXn \akvtX AkvXp `K-hXo
`hXn amX-ck
- vam ]mXp khXx
tZhn, hniz-tam-ln-\nbpw ]mim-pc [\p _mW-[mcn-Wnbpw Bb ]c-{_--i-n-bm-Ip-p. tZhn Xs-bmWv
{io alm-hnZy Cs\ Adn-bp--h timI-k-m-]-n
\npw ap-\m-Ip-p. PK-m-Xm-th, Ahn-St- v \akvIm-cw. tZhn, Fm hn[-nepw Rsf cn-m-epw.

11. sskjm AjvSu hkhx sskjm GIm-Zi

- c
- p{Zm, sskjm ZzmZ-im-ZnXymx sskjm hniz-tZhmx
tkma]m Atkm-a -] m sskjm bmXp [m\m
Akpcm cmwkn ]nimN b-Ik
- nm sskjm
kXz-c-Px-kvX -amwkn sskjm {]Pm-]-Xo-{-a-\hx
sskjm {Klm \{X tPymXnwjo Iem- I mjvTmZn Ime-cq-]nWo Xmalw {]Wuan \nXyw
tZhn Xs-bmWv GIm-Zi cp{Z-mcpw ZzmZ-im-Zn-Xymcpw AjvS-h-kp-fpw tkma-]m-bn-Ifpw hniz-tZ-h-mcpw
bmXp-[m-\-mcpw ssZXy-cm- -k-mcpw ]nim-Np-fpw bmcpw kn-m-cpw, tZhn Xs-bm-Wv. hnjvWp kzcq-]nWnbpw cp{Z-cq-]n- Wnbpw kXz-c-PkvXa Iem- Im-jvTmZn klnX-bmb Ime-kz-cq-]n-Wnbpw t`mK-Zm-bn-\nbpw tam-Zm-bn\nbpw ]m]-\m-in-\nbpw hnP-b-ns A[n-jvTm-{Xnbpw
A-n--Xo-Xbpw awK-f-kz-cq-]n-Wnbpw tZmj-c-ln-Xbpw
R tZhnsb \nXyhpw \a-kvI-cn-p-p.

12. Xm]m-]l
- m-cnWow tZhnw |
`pn apn {]Zm-bn\ow |
A\mw hnPbmw ipmw |
icWymw inhZmw inhmw ||

498

I 13. hnb-Zo-Im-ck- w-bpw |

hoXntlm{X-k-a-\znXw |
At-q-e-knXw tZhym |
_oPw khm km[Im ||
14. Gh-ta-Im-cw a{w |
bXb ip-tN-Xkx |
[ymbn ]c-am-\ |
abm m\mw-_p-cm-ibmx ||
15. hmMvabx {_-`q-kvXk
- vamXv |
jjvTw h{ ka-\znXw |
kqtcym-hma t{im{X _npx |
kwbr-Xm-jvS-Xr-Xo-bIx ||
16. \mcm-b-tW\ kwbpm |
hmbp-m-[c
- -k-c-bpXx |
hnt\hm-tIm-kym
al-Zm-\
- -Zm-bIx ||
17. lrXv ]p-co-Ia
- -[ymw |
{]mXx kqcy ka-{]Zmw |
]mim-p-i-[cmw kuaymw |
hc-Zm-`b lkvXImw |
{Xnt\{Xmw c-h-k\mw `-Im-a-ZpLmw `tP
Xm]- ]-lm-cn-Wnbpw `napn-{]- Zm-b-\nbpw ipbpw
ic- Wybpw ]mim-p-i-[- cbpw kuaybpw hc-Zm-b-l-kvXbpw
{Xnt\-{Xbpw c-h -k -\ bpw `- m-cpsS B{Klw
km[np sImSp-p--h-fp-amb tZhnsb Rm `Pn-p-p.

18. \aman Xzmalw tZhow |

alm-`b
- -hn-\m-in\ow |
alm-Zp-{]-i-an\ow |
alm-Im-cp-Wy-cq-]nWow ||
19. bkym kzcq]w {_m- Z tbm \ Pm\n
XkvamXv DNytX Atbm
20. bkymw Atm \ hnZytX Xkva m-Z p-N ytX
\mx bkymx {KlWw t\m]-e -`ytX Xkva m
ZpNy-tX-fe
- ym bkym P\\w t\m] eytX
Xkvam-Zp-NytX APm GssIh kh{X htX
Xkva m ZpNy- tX-f -e ym bkym P\\w t\m]
eytX Xkvam-Zp-NytX APm GssIh kh{X
htX Xkvam ZpNytX GIm GssIh hniz-cq]nWn Xkvam-Zp-NytX GIm GssIh hniz-cq-]nWo
Xkvam- Z p- N ytX s s\Im AX Gth m- N yp- t Xtbm A\x Aeym APm GIm ss\Imx

alm-`-b-hn-\m-in-\nbpw alm-Zpm]i-an-\nbpw alm

ImcpWy cq]n-Wn-bp-amb tZhnsb Rm \a-kvI-cn-p-p.
A-lo-\ -bm-I -bm A\--s bpw {_m-Zn-Ip
t]mepw kzcq]w [cn-m Ign-bm--h-fm-I- bm Atb- sbpw ImWm Ign- bm- -h-fm-I-bm Ae-y- sbpw
P\-\-an-m--Xn-\m AP-sbpw Gam-{X-bm-I-bm GIsbpw As\ At-b-bm-bn, A\--bmbn Ae-ybmbn AP-bmbn ss\I-bmbn hncm-Pn-p tZhnv \akvImcw

21. a{mWmw amXrIm tZho |

i_vZm\mw m\-cq-]nWo |
m\m\mw Nn-bm-Xo-X
iq\y\mw iq\y-km-nWo ||
22. bkymx ]c-Xcw \mkvXn |
sskjm Zpm {]IonXm |
Xmw Zpmw Zpamw tZhow Zpcm-Nm-c-hn-Lm-Xn\ow
23. \aman `h-`o-tXmlw |
kwkm-cm-h-Xm-cnWow ||
a{--fpsS aqe-m-\o-bbpw m\-cq-]n-Wnbpw
Bb tZhn Zp F \ma-n {]kn-b
- m-W.v kwkmc-km-Kcw Asc IS-p-h
- fpw Zpcm-Nm-c- \in-np--h-fp-amb Zpsb Rm kvacn-p-p.

24. CZ-a-Yh-iojw tbm [otX k]-m-Y hj-i oj-P -] -^ -e -a -h m-]vt\mXn CZ-a -Y h-iojw
mXzm tbm mw m]-bXn iX-ew {]P]vXzm]n tkm mknnw N hnXn iX-a-j vtSmcw Nmkymx ]pc-c
- ym-hn[nx kvarXx Zi-hmcw
]tT- Z ykv X p kZyx ]mss]x {]ap NytX almZpmWn XcXn alm tZhymx {]km-ZXx
Cu AYh-iojw sNmp-X
- n\v Av AYhiojw sNmp ^ew knn- pw. ew XhW A\
sNbvXm A\m knn ssIhcpw \qn Fp-{]m-hiyw
P]n-m AXn\v ]pc--cym-hn-[n-sbp t] ]p Znhks P]-m kIe ]m]-apn ^ew. alm-tZhn
{]km-Z
- m ap Zp-fpw XcWw sNp-p.

{]mX-c-[o-bmt\m cm{Xn-IrXw ]m]w \mi-b-Xnkm-b-a-[o-bmt\m Znh-k-IrXw ]m]w \mi-b-Xn XXv

kmbw {]mXx {]bp-RvPmt\m ]mt]m]m t]m `hXn. \niotY Xpcob kymbmw P]vXzm tZhXm
kmnyw `h-Xn. {]mW-{]-X n-j vT mbmw P]vX zm
{]mWm\mw {]XnjvTm `hXn `uam-izn\ymw almtZhn kn[u P]vXzm alm-arXypw XcXn Ghw
thtZ-Xyp-]-\n-jXv
{]`mX-n Cu a{w P]n-m cm{Xn sNbvX

499

I ]m]w \in-pw. sshInv P]n-m ]I sNbvX ]m]w

\in-pw. {]`m- X-nepw kypw P]n-m ]m]- samw
AkvX-an-pw. cm{Xnbpw Xpcob ky-bnepw P]n-m
]m]-samw AkvX-an-pw. cm{Xnbpw Xpcob ky-bnepw

P]n-m {]mW-{]-XnjvT e`n-pw. alm-tZhn kn-[nbn `uam-izn\o Znhkw P]n-m alm-ar-Xy-hn \npw
tamN\w Inpw Fv D]-\n-jv A\p-im-kn-p-p.
tZhyp-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

Zztbm-]-\n-jv

Hmw AYmXx{ioaZv Zztbmev]nx

Kpcp tch ]cm KXn;

]hnwiXycmWn ]Zim

Kpcp tch ]cw {_

c]qhw Zimcw ]cw.]qthm

Kpcp tch ]cw hnZym

\mcmbWx t{]mm\mZn kntm

Kpcp tch ]cw [\w

6.

Kpcptch ]cw I

BNmtcym thZ ktm

Kpcptch ]cmbWw

hnjvW p `tm hnacx

bkva mZp]tZjv Smku

a{tm a{ `

Xkva mXv KpcpXctcm Kpcpx

kZm a{m{ibx ipNn;

2.

Kpcptch ]cw {_

hmtIym ZznXobx jSv ]Zm\yjvSmZi

a{cXv\ xkZmNmcyaqew
1.

5.

Kpcp`nkambpx

7. bx kpIrZpmcWx kwkmchntamNt\m
`hXn.kh ]pcpjmw knn `hXn \ N
]p\cmhtX CXn b Ghw thtZXyp]\njXv.

]pcmWtm hntijhnXv
Ghw eW ktm
KpcpcnXy`n[obtX.
3.

BNnXm\n ln imkv{Xmm
\mNmc m]\m Zhn
kzbamNctX bkvXp
XkvamZmNmcy DNytX

4.

Kpi_vZ kvXzImcxkzmXv
kvXzImcx kzmXv
i_vZ kvXntcm[Ix
AImc hntcm[Ix
AImc hntcm[nXzmXv
KpcpcnXy`n[obtX.

1.2. C\n {ioaZv Zzbns Dev] n ]dbpp.

cmatXv hmIyamWv. jSv]Zw ]Xns\mWv. AXn
Ccp]nbv Acapv. BZyw ]Xn\v ]ns
]v . kZmNmcns BZnImcWhpw a{ cXv\
kzcq]hpw A\mZnbpamb `Khm \mcmbW CXv
BZyw Xs \ncq]Ww sNbvXnpffXmWv. bmsXmcm
imkv {XPvR \pw BNmc k\pw sshjvW h\pw
CujymclnX\pw a{ Pv R mXmhpw a{fn
{ibpffh\pw a{fpsS Bibw \Iphm\pw
hnip\pambncnWw. Kpcp`\pw ]pcmW
Adnbph\pw hntij\pambncnWw. CuKpW
sfmw XnIh\mWv Kpcphmbn AdnbsSpXv.
3. Kpcpi_vZn Dff "cp' F Acns Aw
AImcsav "cp' F Acns Aw
AXns\ XSbphs\pw AmXamIp AImcw
XSbpXp \nanamWv Kpcp F t] InnbXv.

500

4, 5, 6, 7, Kpcp Xs ]c{_w Kpcp Xs ]caamb

KXn; Kpcp Xs DahnZy. bYmn KpcphmWv
kthma[\w.
5. Kpcp Xs kthmahpw CnXhpamb hkv Xp.
KpcphmWv ]caamb B{ibw. ImcWw ]ctam]tZi
\Iph\mWh. B \nebn Kpcp At As
Am\\miIamWv. bmsXmcm Hcp {]mhiyw CXpcn
pp Ah khYm kwkmca\mIpp. Ah\v

Fm [w, Aw, Imaw, tamw Cu ]pcpjm

e`npp. Ah\v hopw Cu kwkmcn
hv sRcptXmbn hcpIbnCXv \nnX
knmamWv. XnIpw kXyamWv. GsXmcm CXv
\nnX knmamWv. XnIpw kXyamWv.GsXmcm
CXv icnv a\nemp, CXn {i ImWnpp,
Abmp am{Xta CXns em`w knamIq.
Zztbm]\njv ]cyhkm\np.

\mZ-_n-q-]-\n-jv

imn- ] mTw
Hmw hmMvta a\kn {]Xn-jvTtXm at\m ta hmNn
{] X n- j vT n- X - a m- h n- c m- h n a G [ n th Z k y a
BWox iA-c pXw a{]- l m-k n-c -t\\y A[otX\ Atlm-cm-{XmXv kwZ-[man EXw hZn-jym-an.
kXyw hZn- j ym- a n. Xm- a - h -X p-X - Z z- m- c - a -h - X p.
AhXp amw AhXp hm-ca
- m-hXp hm-cw. Hmw
imnx imnx imnx.

4. P\-tem-IkvXp lrtti ItW-Tt- emI

kvX]-kvXXx
{`pthme-em-S-aty Xp kXy-temtIm
hyh-nXx
5. kl-{km-a-Xo-hm{X a{ Gh {]ZinXx
Gh-taXmw kam-cqtVm lwk tbmK hnN-Wx

15 {]W- h s lwk-a mbn KWn- p ]w

AImcw AXns hes Nnd-Im-Wv. DImcw AXns
Fs hmWn a\-n nc-am-I-s. a\v hmWnCSs NndIv. aImcw AXns hmem-Ip-p. A-am{X
bn nc-am-I-s. tl, kzbw {]Im-ia
- mb Bm-th,
inc-p- am-Wv. Atm kXz-KpWw ico-chpw ctPm- Kp-Whpw
Fs apn Av {]Xy-o-`-hn-p-I. tl hmWo, tl
Xtam KpWhpw cp Imep-Ifpw BIp-p. \m`n-tZ-iv
a\-t, \n cp-t]cpw Fs thZm-`ymkw \in-nal temIw; ISn-tZ-i-n kztemIw; app-If
- nepw
m-\n-S-bm-I-cp-Xv. Cu thZm-`ym-k-n Xs cm{Xn-bnepw
Imep-I-fnepw `phtem-Ihpw `qtem-I-hpw. C{]-Imcw P\]Iepw Rm B-\m-bn-cn-p-p. Rm kZm kXyw
temIw Xt]m-tem-Iw, kXy-temIw Ch AXns lrZbw
]dbpw; Fs cn-mepw Fs cn-mepw hmIWvTw eemSw ]pcn-I--fpsS a[y-`mKw Ch-bm-bn-o-cphns\ cn-mepw hm-hns\ cn-mepw. Hmw imnx
p. Cu {]W-h-am-Ip lwk-n tIdn AXns a\\
imnx imnx.
Nnm-\p-jT
v m-\m-Zn-I \nh-lnv Bbn-c--W-n\v ]m]1. AImtcm ZnWx ] DImc kvXqcx
-fn \nv hnap-\
- mbn tam-]-Zs {]m]n-p-p.

kvarX.
aImc ]p-an-Xym-lp-c-am{Xm Xp akvXI
- w.
2. ]mZ-ZnIw KpWm-kvXky icocw XXz apNytX
[tmky ZnWw Npc [tm tYm
]cx kvarXx
3. `ptemIx ]mZ-tbm-kvXky `phtemI kvXp
Pm\p\n
kztem-IkvXp ISo-tZti \m`n-tZti
al PKXv

6. \ `nZytX Ia-a-Nmsscx ]m]-tImSn issX-chn

Bt-b-{]-Ya
- m-am{Xm hmb-thyjm XYm-]cm
7. `m\p aWvUe kmim `th-m{Xm XtYm-cm
]caw Nm-am{Xm bm hmcpWow Xmw hnZp_p[mx
8. Ime- {X-t b]n btkyam am{Xm \qXw {]Xnjv TnXmx
Gj Hmmc BJymtXm [mc-Wm-`n\n t_m[Xx

501

I 9. tLmjWn {]Yam am{Xm hnZyp-mem XYm ]cm

]X w- K n\ o X rXobm ky mXvN- X p o hmbp
thKn\o
10. ]-ao-\m-a-t[bm Xp jjvTo ssN{y`n [obtX
k]vXao sshjvWho \ma AjvSao im-coXn
11. \han al-Xo-\ma [rXnkvXp Ziao aXm
GIm-Zio `th-mco {_moXp ZzmZ io]cm
12. {]Y-ambmw Xp am{Xmbmw bZn-{]m-ssW hnbqPytX
`ctX hj-cm-Pmku kmh-`uax {]Pm-btX
13. ZznXo-bmbmw kapXv {Imtm `th-Zytm alm-h m
hnZym-[c
- -kvar-Xo-bmbmw KhkvXp NXpnIm
14. ]-aym-aY am{Xmbmw bZn {]mssW hnbpPytX
DjnXx kl-tZ-hXzw tkma-temtI alo-btX
1 5. j j vT y an{ k y k mbqP y w k ] vX ay mw
sshjvWhw ]Zw
AjvSaymw {hPtX cp{Zw ]iq\mw N ]Xow XYm
16. \haymw Xp altemIw Ziaymw Xp P\w
{htPXv
GIm-Ziymw Xt]m-temIw ZzmZiymw {_ imizXw.

hnZym-[-c-\mIpw; \mem-as
- -Xn-em-sW-n Khs
P-amWv e`n- pI; Am- as am{X-bn Djn-X-m-sc
tZh-K-W--fp-samv hkn-m tbmK-ap-mIpw; N{-aWvU-e-n Ign-bmw. Bdm-as am{X-bn {]mW
ths-Sp ]w C{-tZ-hs kmbqPyw e`n-pw. Ggmas am{X-bn hnjvWp `K-hms ]Zw {]m]n-m-\n-S-hcpw. Fm-as am{X-bn {]mW-hn-tbm-Ka hcp ]w
]c-ai
- n-hs kmao]yw e`n-p-p. H]Xmw am{X-bn-emsW-n altem-I-{]m-]X
v n- bm-Wv. ]m-a-s-Xn {[phtemIw; ]Xn-s\m-n Xt]m-tem-Iw. ]{mw am{X-bn
{]mW shSn-m km[-I {_-tem- I-n m\w
t\Sp-p.

17. XXx ]c-Xcw ipw hym]Iw \new inhw

ktZm-ZnXw ]cw {_-tPym-Xn-jm-ap-Ztbm bXx
18. AXo-{nbw KpWm- X oXw at\m eo\w bZm
`thXv
A\q-]aw inhw imw tbmK-bpw XZm-hn-tiXv
19. XZyp--kvX
- -tbm-Ppx iss\ap-tXv Itf_cw
kwntXm tbmK NtcW kh-kw-Khn hPnXx
20. XtXm hneo-\]
- mtim ku hnaex Iaem {]`px
tXss\h {_-`m-th\ ]c-am-\ aiv\p tX

17-20. ]c-{_-s Adn-bp--Xn\v CXn-s\-m

DbXpw t{ijvThpw iphpw Ieym-W-a-b-hp-amb XXzw
- n-ep-ap An, kqcy,
616. Hmm-c-ns tZhX An-bm-Ip-p. AXns Dv. AXp-aqew Fm--c
cq]w An-a-WvUe kam-\a
- m-Wv. AXnse Hm-as N{, BZn tPymXn-p-Ifpw ]pd-s-Sp-p. C{n-b--fn
- -fn \npw D]-cn-bm-bnam{X Bt-bn-bm-Ip-p. DIm-c
- ns tZhX hmbp-hm- \npw kXz cP-kvXt- am-Kp-W
oc
pt
m
km[I
s
nXn
tbmK-bp--ambn Fp
Wv. hmbp aWvU-es
- a t]mse-bmWv AXns cq]w.
]db
m
km[n
pw.
Abm
]cX
-Xz-n eo\-\m-bn-oAXns cm-as am{X hmb-hy-am-Ip-p. aIm-c-ns
tZhX kqcy-\m-Wv. kqcy-a-WvU-e-Xp-ey-amWv AXns cq]w. cp-p. D]-am-c-ln-X- \p-ambn `hn-p-p. C-s\-bp tbmKaqm-a-sXv D-c-am-{X-bm-Ip-p. \mem-as
- Xv hmcp- am-ns t]mj- I, `K-hm-\n {ibpw Bk- nbpw
Wn-b psS tZhX hcp-W -\m-W v. Fm-{]-I m-c-n-ep D ]w `uXn- I-amb kIe BIjW- -sfbpw AXn- ps ico-c-n-ep (A-lw) F
am{XIpw apqv kp- c-ap-J--fp- v. AXn-\m {]W- {I-anv ]Xp-s-X
Nn
ssI
hntS
-X p-v. AXp km[nm Abm
hs ZzmZ-i-Ie
- m--I-sav ]d-bp-p. AXv a\-n-emkmwkmc
nI
_\

-fn \nv ap-\mbn ssIh-eym-\p km[\ [mc-Whpw [ym\hpw kam-[n-bm-Ip-p.

{]W-h-ns ]{p {]Im-c-n-ep Ie-I-fn am{X- ]Zw {]m]n-p-p. Abm ]c-am kzcq]w Xs-bmbn
- mb B\--tbpw {]m]n-p-p.
I-fpsS t]cv Xmsg sImSp-p hn[-n-em-Ip-p. Hm-a- `hn-pp; ]c-aa
tXv tLmjnWn; cm-a- tXv hnZyp- me; aqm- a-tXv 21. Bm\w kXXw mXzm Imew \b
]Xw-Kn\n; \mem-a-tXv hmbp-th-Kn\n; Am-a-tXv
alm-atX
\ma-t[b; Bdm-a-tXv sF{n; Ggm-a-tXv sshjvWhn; {]mc-_v[a
- -Jnew `pRvPt\m-tZzKw
Fm-at- Xv iwIcn; H]-Xm-at- Xv alXn; ]m-aIp-alkn
tXv [rXn; ]Xn-s\mv au\n; ]{-m-a-tXv {_mn.
22. Dev]t Xz hnmt\ {]mc_v[w
BZys am{X-bn km[-Is icocw hnap-a
- m-bm
ss\h apXn
`mcX N{I-hn-bpsS cq]-n icocw {]m]n-m-\n-Sh-cpw. cm-as am{X-bn icocw XyPn-m bi-kzn- Xy-m-t\m-Z-bm-Zq[zw {]mc_v[w
ss\h-hn-ZytX
bmb b-\m-bn-o-cpw. aqm-as am{X-bn-emsWn

502

I 23. tZlm-Zo-\m-a-kX- zmp bYm kz]vt\

hnt_m-[X
I Pm--cobw bXv {]mc-_v[-anXn IonXw
24. Xp Pm--cm-`m-hm-Xv]pwtkm ss\hmkvXn
Iln-NnXv
kz]v\t- Ztlm bYm-[y-kvXk
- vX-ssX-hmbw
ln tZlIx
25. A[ykvX ky IptXm P Pm `mhx
IpXx nXx
D]m-Zm\w {]]-ky arXv`mWvUsskyh ]iyXn
26. Am\w tNXn thZm-ss-kvXa
- -kvan
\jvtSIz hnizXm
bYm cqx ]cn-XyPy kw KrlvWmXn
ssh {`amXv
27. XZzXv kXya hnmb PKXv ]iyXn
aqV [ox
cq JWvtU ]cn-mtX k cq]w
\ XnjvTXn
28. A[n-jvTmt\ bYm mtX {]]t
iq\yXmw KtX
tZl-kym]n {]]-X
- zXv {]mc_v[m
hnXnx IpXx
29. Am-\P
- \
- t- _m-[mw {]mc-_vA
- -[-anXn
tNmNytX
XXx-Im-eh
- i
- m-tZh {]mc_vt[ Xp bw KtX
30. {_ {]W-h-k-m\w \mtZm tPymXn
abx inhx
kzb amhn `th-Zmm taLm-]mtbw ipam-\nh
31. knm-kt\ ntXm tbmKo ap{Zmw km
sshjvW how
irWp-bmXv ZntW It \mZ aKXw kZm
32. A`y-ky-amt\m \mtZmbw {_-am-hr-WptX
[z\p
] Zzn ] aJnem PnXzm Xpcy-]Zw {]tP-Xv.
21-32. tl _pn-am-\mb ]pcpj, \nv Bmhns kzcq]w Adn-bp--Xn\v Ftmgpw ]cn-{iaw \St-- Xp-v. \n-fpsS hne- tb- dnb kabw AXns Nn\-n Nne-h-gn-p-Ibpw Bh-iy-am-Wv. {]mc_v[ I-f-\p-k-cnv {]bm-k-fpw sRcp--fpw t`mK--fpsS
cq]-n ASp-s-p-p. AXn Jn-\m-bn-o-tc-Xn-. Fs-m B m\w Dmbn Ign-m
Cu {]mcm-_v[--fn \nv tamN\w e`n-p-sIm-pw.
kz]v\
- n ImW-s-Sp#v-\\ ]Zm- kz]v\-L-n bYm- -sfpw Pm{K-Xh
- --bn-em-Iptm

Ak-Xy- sapw tXm-s-Sp- -Xp- t]mse XXz- m-\-ap-mIp-tm m\n-bpsS ZrjvSn-bn {]mcm_v[ I-fpsS bw kw`-hn-p-p. Ign P-n sNbvX
I-sf {]mcm_v[ I--sfp ]d-bp-p. m\nbpsS ZrjvSn-bn Pm--c-an-. Abmv {]mcm-_v[-saXpw C. kz]v\w ImWp L-n I-Xmbn
tXmp ico-cm-Zn-I bYm-n C. AtX-]Sn
Pm{K-Xm-h--bnepw icocw B`m-km-]m-{X-am-Ip-p. shdpw
tXm am{X-amb Hn\v Dev]-n-sb-hnsS? Dev]
- nbn-m--h\v nXn Fs\ kw`-hnpw? av, Iew,
IpSw apX-em-b-hb
- psS \nm-W
- n\v tJXp `qX-ambn
Xocp--Xp-t]mse Bmhp Xs-bmWv kIe kmwkmcnI ]Zm-pw Imc-W-ambn hn-p--X.v thZm-ns ZrjvSn-bn Cu kmwkm-cnI {]]--ns
B`m- k - n\p ImcWw Am\w am{X- a m- I p- p.
Am\w \in-m kwkm-c-n\v kmwkm-cn-I-X-bn-.
GXp hn[-n {_ _pn-\n-anw a\p-jy Ibdns\ k-am-sWv [cn-p-pthm AtX {]Im-c-n
a\p-jy B-m-\-ns A`m-h-n Cu kmwkmcnI {]]-s kXy-sav Icp-Xp-p. a\p-jy CXv
icnpw Adn-bptm BZyw tXmnb k-ns
{]XoXn Cm-Xm-bn-o-cp-p. AXp-t]mse Bm-hns
bYm m\w Dm-bn-o-cp-tm Cu kmwkm-cnI
{]]--n-sbpw bw kw`-hn-p-p. ico-chpw Hcp
{]Im-c-n-ep {]]--am-Wv. AXn-\m AXn-sbpw
A`m-h
- ns A\p-`-ha
- p-m-Ip-p. Cu Ah--bn-sep-tm km[-Is {]mcm_v[ w Ah-km-\n-p-p.
Am-\n-I-tfmSv ]d-bm-\mWv {]mcm-_v[-ns Hmtcm
Imcy- hni-Zo-I-cn-p--Xv. taL- AI-ep-tm
kqcy sXfnp ImWp--Xp-t]mse {]mcm-_v[
-
AI-ep-tm Bm-hn-sbpw {_--ns GIX shfnhm-Ip-tm awKf kzcq-]a
- mbn tPymXn kzcq-]a
- mb ]cam-m-hns \mZw kmm-XvI-cn--s-Sp-p. tbmK-kn-mk-\
- n-en-cn-W
- w, sshjvWh ap{Z ssIsm--Ww,
CSs sNhn-sImv A\m-l X \mZw tI-Ww.
Cs\ tI-s-Spp i_vZw ]pd-sa-bp i_vZ-sf
ad-bvp-p. Cs\ AImcw aImcw Cu cp ]-fnepw hnPbw t\Sn kmh-[m-\-n {]W-hs ]qambpw Pbn-p-I. Cs\ sNbvXm km[-I\v kqcy]Zw e`n-m Ign-bpw. AXm-bXv B-km-m-Xvmcw
e`n-pw.

33. {ipbtX {]Y-am-`ymtk \mtZm

\m\m-hnt[m alm
h-amt\m bYm-`ymtk {iqbtX
kqva kqvaXx
34. BZu Pe[n Poaq-X-t`co \nQc kw`hx
at[y a-fi
- _
- vZmt`m Lm-Im-lf
- -PkvXYm

503

I 35. At Xp InWo-hw-ih- o-Wm-{`-ac \nkz\x

CXn-\m-\m-hn[mx \mZmx {iqbt
kqva kqvaXx
36. alXn {ipb-amtW Xp alm-t`-cym-Zn-I[
- z\u
X{X kqvaw kqva-Xcw \ma-tah ]cm-ar-tiXv
37. L\-ap-rPy hm kqvta kqva
aprPy hm Lt\
ca-am-W-a]n n]vXw at\m \m\y{X emf-tbXv
38. b{X Ip{Xm]n hm \mtZ eKXn {]Yaw a\x
X{X b{X nco-`qXzm tX\-kmw hneo-btX
39. hnkvarXy kIew _mlyw \mtZ ZpKv[mw
_ph-\x
GIo-`q-XzmY klkm NnZm-Imti hneo-btX
40. DZm-ko-\k
- vXtXm `qXzm kZm-`ym-tk\ kwbao
D-\o-Im-cIw ktZym \mZ-ta-hm-h[
- m-c-tbXv
41. kh-Nn-m. kap-rPy kh tNjvSm
hnhnXx
\mZ-ta-hm-\p-kw-Z[
- ymXv \mtZ-Nnw hneo-btX
33-41. BZyw A`y-knp XpS-p-tm Cu \mZw
]e-X-c-n tIp-sh-p-h-cpw. hfsc D-nepw tIs-Spw. Fm A`ymkw XpS-cp-tm Cu i_vZw kmh[m-\
- n-em-Ipw. BZy-L-
- n tI-s-Sp i_vZw
s]cp--d, sh-m-w, taL-[z-\n, kap-{Z-nse Xnc-ame-bpsS i_vZw Cu amXn-cn-sbm-s-bm-bn-cn-pw. ]ns
Ipsd Ign-bptm i_vZw hv, HmS-p-g, hoW,
InnWn Ch-bpsS i_vZt- m-sSmw a[p-c-ambn A\p-`h-s-Sp-p. Cu i_vZw hfsc kuay-kz-c-n-em-bn-cn-pw.
]e-Xc
- -nepw tIp-shv hcpw. s]cp--d-bpsS i_vZw
t]mse-bmWv tIp--sX-n arZp-a-[p-c-ambn tIs-S-W-sav Nnn-W
- w. a\v AXn ]X-dm ]mSn. a\-ns kz`mhw tIp ioe-ap \mZw tIp-Xn-enjvSw hln-p-I-sb-X
- m-Wv. a\v kmwkm-cn-Ia
- mb
hkvXp-f
- n \nsmw hnp-am-dn--gn-bp-tm a\v
NnZm-Im-i
- n hneo-\-ambn `hn-p-p. kwb-an-bmb
hyn sNt-Xv X\np tIm Ign-bp i_vZn hneo-\-\m-bn-o-cp-I-sb--Xm-W.v \mZ-n Nnw
hneo-\-am-bn-o-cp-p. kIe Nn-Ifpw amn \ndpn
kIe tNjvS-Ifpw AIn Cu \mZs tXtSXp-v.

42. aI-cw ]n_`rwtKm Km \m

t]tX XYm
\mZm-kx kZm-Nnw hnjbw \ln ImwXn
43. _w kp\m-ZK
- t- \ kZyx kwXy Nm]ex
\mZ {KlW Xn--a-c
- mKw `pPw-Kax
44. hnkvarXy hnti-ht- a-Im{Kyw Ip{X Nn
ln [mhXn

at\m-K -tP-{ -ky-hn-j -tbm-Zym-\ -Nm-c nWx

45. \nbm-a\ katmbw \n\mtZm \nin-Xm-pim
\mt`m-cw Kkm-cwK _t\ hmKp-cm-btX

42-45. hv F{]-Imcw ]pjv]--fpsS ckw {Kln-psImv Ah-bpsS K-ns Imcy-n Xmev]cyw

hln-p-n-. AXp-t]mse \mZ-n Xmev]cyw Imp
a\kv hnj-b-hm-k-\-I-fpsS ZpK-- n Xmev]cyw ImpI-bn-. GXp-hn[w kw \mZw tIv aZ-a--am-Ip-p.
AXp-t]mse Nnw B \mZ-n Bk--ambn Fm
N]-e-X-Ifpw ad-p-p. kwkm-c-nse N]-e-X-I adm Ign-bp-tm a\v A[ym Imcy-n GIm{KX e`n-p-p. a\v AXn-se-bn-Xnse hnjb kpJn\p t\sc ]mbp-I-bp-an-. hnj-b-kp-J-fpsS Imn
Id- p a\-m-Ipp B\ \mZm- `ym- k-am- Ip aq- bp
Iq tXmn- bm hi-m--s- Sp- p. a\- ns\ amt\mSpw
Xnc-tbmSpw D]-an-p ]w \mZw B am\ns\ ]nSn-m\p-X-Ip IpSp-mWv; Xnc-ame XS-bp Xoc-am-Wv.

46. A-cwK kap-{Zky tcmt[ them-btX ]n N

{_-{]-W-h-kw-e--\mtZm tPymXn abm-Ix
47. a\-kvX{- X-ebw bmXn XZznjvtWmx ]caw ]Zw
Xmh-Zm-Imi kevt]m bmh-_vZx {]htX
48. \nxi_vZw XXv]cw {_ ]c-amm kao-cytX
\mtZm bmh-\
- k
- vXm-h-\m-Zm]n Xp at\m-\o
49. k i`vZ
- m-tc otW \nx i_vZw
]caw ]Zw
kZm \mZm-\p-k
- m-\mXv koWm hmk\m
Xp bm
50. \nc-RvPt\ hneo-tbtX at\mhm bq \ kwibx
\mZ tImSn kl-{kmWn _np-tImSn iXm\n N
\mZs {]W-h
- n ebn-n-p-X
- n-s\-p-Sv
AXv tPymXna-b-am-bn-o-cp-p. B Ah-k-c
- n a\n\v ebw Dm-Ip-p. AXn-s\-bmWv hnjvWp-hns ]ca-]- Z-sav ]d-bp--X.v i_vZhpw kw`m-j- Whpw tIm
Ign- bp-tm-gmWv a\-n\v BIm-i- ns kev]w ]qam- Ip-- X.v i_vZ-an-s- n Xsbpw ]c-am-m-hns A\p`q-X n-bp-m-Ip-p. \mZw Dn-St- m-f-amWv a\-ns
AkvXn-Xzw. \mZw kmh-[m-\-n im-am-Ip-tm-gmWv
a\- ns Xo- \ - a mb nXn k wPm- X - a m- I p- - X v .
i_vZs kvacn-p \mZw Ac {_-n eo\am-bn-o-cp-p. \mZ-n i_vZ-an-s-nepw CXv ]c-a-]-Zsav a\-m-en-p-I. \mZw tXSptm hnj-b-hm-k-\I In--cn-bp ]w, a\pw {]mW\pw ]c-{_-n ebnp Fp Icp-Xmw. Bbn-c--W
- n\v \mZhpw
Bbn-c--W-n\v _np-fpw B {_-{]-W-h-\m-Z
- n
hneo-\-am- bn-o-cp-p.

504

I 51. kth-X{X ebw bmn {_-{]-Wh \mZtI

k h m- h m h n\ n ap x k h - N n m
hnhnXx
52. arX-h
- n-jvTtX tbmKo k aptm
\m{X kwibx
iwJ Zpp`n \mZw N \ irtWmXn IZm-N\
53. ImjvT-h-Pvm-btX tZlw D\ym
hbm {[phx
\ P\mXn k iotXmjvWw \ ZpxJw \
kpJw XYm
54. \ am\w \mh-am\w N kwXyzm Xp
kam-[n\w
Ah-m-{X-b-a-t\zXn \ Nnw tbmKn\x kZm
55. Pm{K-n-{Zm-hn-\npx kzcq-]m-h
Xm
anbmXv
56. ZrjvSnx ncm bky hn\m k Zriyw
hmbpx ntcm bky hn\m {]bXv\w
Nnw ncw bky hn\m-eh
- e
- w_w
k{_--Xm-cm--c\
- mZ cq]x

CXyp-]-\n-j Xv

51-56. Pm{KXv kz]v\w kpjp]vXn Cu aqv Ah-If

- nepw ]c-aa
- mb Ah-m-hn-tijw {]m]n--h\pw
kIe hn[-n-ep kmwkm-cnI Nn-Ifpw ssIhnv ihn-s\m ]cn-Wm-a
- n-se-n-b-h-\p-amb Fm {]Im-cnepw apm-h--bn-se-n-sbv ]d-bmw. Ah iwJn-stbm s]cp--d-bp-sStbm i_vZw Hcn-epw tIpI-bn-. a\-ns\ \nb-{n nXn-bn-em-b-Xn-\m a\v
ico-c-n-e m-s W-nepw ac--Sn-t]mse PU-\m-Ip- p.
Ah\v XWp-tm, NqtSm, kpJ-tam, am\m-]-am-\
- tfm
Hpw A\p-`-h-s-Sp-n-. kam-[n-bn-en-cpv DZm-ko-\-\mbn
Ah Ch-sbmw ssIsh-Sn-bp-p. Ahs Nnw
F{Xbpw nc-am-I-bm Pm{KXv kz]v\-kp-jp-]X
v y-h
I-fn \nv hnap--\mbn Xs hmkvXh
- n-Im-h-b
- n
\ne-sIm-p-p. ImW-s-Sm Ign-bm hkvXp--fpsS
A`m-h - n bmsXm-cp-h s ZrjvSn ncam-I p- p,
tNjvSbpsS A`m-h-n bmsXm-cp-hs hmbp nc-amIp-p, B{i-b-ns A`m-h-n bmXp-scm-hs Nn-n\v ncX `hn-pp B tbmKnv {_-{]-Wh
- \
- mZ-ns Xpco-bm-h--bn Fn-sbv a\-n-em-p-I.
\mZ-_n-q-]\
- n-jv kam-]n-p.

\mc-Z-]-cn-{hm-P-tIm-]-\n-jv 3

imn- ] mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx irWp-b m- a - tZhm `{Zw
]tiy-am- -`nb-P{Xmx nssc-cw-ssK-k vX p-jvSphmw- k - k v X - \ q- ` n hytia tZh- l nXw bZmbpx
kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \x]pjm
hniz-thZmx kzkvXn \ kvXmtym Acn-jvS-t\anx
kzkvX n t\m _rl-k v] -Xn [mXp Hmw imnx
imnx imnx
kw]q-Py-cmb tZh-m-sc, R ImXp-IsImv
\Xv tIp-am-dm-I-s. Ip-IsImv \Xv ImWpam-dm-I-s. kpZr-V
- -fmb AwK--fmepw tZlw sImpw
\nsf kvXpXn-m-\n-S-h-c-s. tZh-m Rv \nbn-n-p Bbpp apgp-h R A\p-`-hn-p-am-dmI-s. Ion-am-\mb C{ Rv \-b-cp-f-s. XShn-m KXn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb Kcp-U Rv \ sN-

s. _rl-kv]Xn Rv \ sN-s. Hmw imnx

imnx imnx

Hmw D]-tZiw
1. AY IZm-NnXv ]cn-{hm-PI
- m-`c
- tWm \mcZx khtemI kmcw Iph- -] qh-]pWy em\n
]pWy Xom\n Xon-Iph-h
- tem IyNn-ipnw {]m]y \nsshcx imtm Zmx khtXm
\nth-Z-am-kzmZy kzcq-]\p km-\a\pk-mb
\ nb- a m- \ - - h n- t i - j - K W y w ap \ n- P - s s \ - c q]
kow. ss\an-jm-cWyw ]pWy-e
- -a-h-temIy
kcn- K - a - ] - [ - \ nk kwss sshcm-K y- t_m- [ Isscx kzc-hn-tkssjx {]m]-nI ]cmMv apssJ
lcn-I-Ym-e mss]x mhc PwKa \ma-ssI `KhZv `n hnti-ssj \c-ar-KI
- nw-]p-cp-jm-a-cI
- n-cm-]vkt- cm-KW
- m kwtam-l-b BKXw {_mm-

505

I Pw `K-hZv

Kmlyw NXphn[w hm\-{] Zw karK-`yky XZp-NnXw I-khw \nhXy km[\

NXp-jvSb kx kh-k w-km-tcm-]c
- n-a-t\m-hmmb I-`n bYm-im-\n-hr--kvXYm hmk-ss\j-tW, ]cy-]-\nsshcx imtm-Zmx k\ymko
]c-a-lwkm {itaWm kvJenX kzkz-cq-][
- ym-t\\
tZl-XymKw Itcm-Xnk kayIv `hXn kaptm
`hXn Xyp]-\n-j-Xv.

Hcp L-n ]cn-{]m-PI intcm-aW

- n-bmb \mc-Z
kIe temI--fnepw k-cnp sImn-cns At\Iw
]pWy-m-\
- fpw Xo-fpw kin-p. Ahn-sSsbmw At-l-ns ]mZ-kv]i-m Gsd ]cn-]q-X-fm-bn. B Xo-m-\--fpsS Zi-\
- m At-ln\v Nn-ipn ssIh-p. a\v {]im-a
- m-bn. C{nb- hi-n-embn khYm hnc--\mb At-l-n\v
bmsXmcp Pohn-bnepw tZzj-`m-ha
- p-m-bn-cp-n. kzcq-][ym-\m-\p-k-m-\
- n apgpIn Atlw k-cn-p-sImn-cn-th ss\an-jm-cW
- y-n hp-tNp. kwb-a\n- b-am- -I-amb B\--m asm Xo-- sf-mfpw
Cu Xo-n\v sshinjvSyw Dm-bn-cp-p. At\Iw
aljn-am AhnsS kt-fn-n-cp ]pWy-kv\m-\-ns
Zi-\
- n \mc-Zs hoW-bn \npw kcn-K-a-]-[\n
F sshcm-Kyt_mt[mo-]-Ia
- mb kzc-hn-tijw apg-n.
{]m]-n-IN
- n-b
- n \nsm-gnv \mc-Z `K-hXv IYmckw Bkz-Zn-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. At-l-ns Km\m-em]w
tIv kh-N-cm-Nc
- -fpw B\--\n-a--cmbn `n-a-b-amb
At-l-ns Km\w a\p-jy-sc-bpw, arK--sf-bpw, tZhm-sc-bpw, In-c-m-sc-bpw, Kh-m-sc-bpw, A]vk-cp-Is
- f-bpw, arK--sfbpw BIjn-p-sIm-n-cp-p. B
L-n AhnsS ]{p hjw \op-\np Hcp
alm-bw \S-n-cp-p. b-m thZ-\pw X]kznbpw m\-s sh-c mKy k- -\ p-a mb iu\-I - a ljnbpw AXp-t]m-ep--hcpw ]sSp-n-cp-p. {_]p-{X\pw `-hc
- y-\p-amb \mc-Z hcp--Xp-Iv ap\n-amscmw Fgp-tv \a-kvI-cnv At-l-n\v btYm-NnXw
BXnYyw \In. t{ijvT-amb Bk-\-n Ccpn Fmhcpw bYm-m\w Ccp--Xn-s\-p-Sv iu\-Im-Zn-I
hn\-b-]qw \mc-Z-t\mSv tNmZn-p. ""`K-h, {_-]p-{Xm,
apn-t\-Sp-hm-\p D]mbw FmWv? Rv ]d-pX-mepw''.

CXp-t Iv \mc- Z {]k- -N n- -\ mbn Cs\

]dp: ""aljnam-sc, kXvIp-e-Pm-X-\mb Hcp a\p-jy
D]-\o-X-\m-bn-s-n BZy-ambn Ahs\ D]-\-b\w sNn-Ww. ]ns NXphnw-iXn kwkvm-c-k-
- -\mb Hcp
Kpcp-hns B{i-a-n t]mbn Xma-kn--Ww. AhnsS
Kpcp-hns\ ip{iq-jnv kzimJ A`y-kn--Ww. ]ns
kh hnZy-Ifpw A`y-knv Kpcp ip{iq-jm-\n-c-X-\mbn Ignb-Ww. Cu L-n ]cn-]q {_-Ncyw thWw.
]ns Ccp- ]-n- bp sImw Krl-m- {ia [w ]men-Ww. ]ns 25 hjw hm\-{]-m-{iaw kzoI-cnv
AXnse \nb-a- bYm-hn[n ]men--Ww. {_-Ncyw
\mep-hn-[-sav m\n-I ]d-bp-p. Kmlyw Bdphn-[w. hm\-{]w \mep-hn-[a
- m-Wv. Ah-sb--n-sbmw
bYm-hn[n A`y-knv AXm-Xm-{ia [- \nh-ln-Ww. ]ns km[\ NXp-jvSb k--\mbn euInI
Nn shSnv at\m-hm-m-b--fm kh-hn- [-ap BiI-sfbpw Gj-W-- sf-bpw, hmk-\-I-sfbpw khYm shSnb-Ww. BtcmSpw tZzjw hln-msX a\-n-s\bpw C{nb--sfbpw Pbnv k\ym-km-{i-a-n Xs Ahy-b-amb
kzkz-cq]w NnnpsIm-n-cn--Ww. Cs\ [ym\-\n-cX-\m-bn-o-cp--Xn-\p-tijw tZl-]p-cn-XymKw sNp--h
tamw {]m]n-p-p. CXmWv D]-\n-j
- ns A\p-imk- \w.

2. CXyp--kvXm ktlm-hmN \mcZx kXvIpe

`thm-]\
- oXx kay-Kp-]-\-b\ ]qhIw NXp--Xzmcnw-iXv kwkvImc kx kzm`n-a-ssXI Kpcp-kaot] kzmim-J m- [ y-b\ ]qhIw kh hnZym`ymkw IrXzm ZzmZ-i-hj ip{iq-jm-]qhIw {_Ncyw ]-hnw-iX
- n-h
- cw Kmlyw ]-hnwi- X n-h - cw hm\- {]m{iaw XZzn- [ n-h - X v {I-a mnhXy NXphn[ {_- N cyw jUv h n[w

`w \mc-Za
- -ht- emIy ZzmZ-ih
- j
k{X- t bm- t Km- ] - n- X mx- { ip- X m-[ y- b\ kmx
kh-m-kvXt]m \njvT-]c
- m m\ sshcmKymZn km iu\-ImZn aljbx {]Xyp-m\w
IrXzm \Xzm btYm-NnXm XnYy ]qhIw D]-th-ibnXzm kzbw kth A]yp-]-hnjvSm t`m `K-h
{_ - ] p{X I Y w ap y p - ] mb: Ak vamI w
hhyx

cmw D]-tZiw
1. AY ssl\w `K-hw \mcZm kth iu\-ImZtbx {]Nvipx!! t`m `K-h k\ym-k -hn[nw t\m
{_plo-X n. Xm\-h -t emIy \mc-Z -k v X Xv kzcq]w
k h w ] nX m- a - l - a p - t J - s s \ h mX p - N nX
anXypzm k{X-bmK ]qy-\
- cw ssXx klk- X y- t em-I w- K Xzm hn[n- h Xv {_- \ n- j v T m-] cw
]ctajvTn\w XXzm kvXpXzm btYm-NnXw XZm-bmssXx ktlm-]-hniy \mcZx ]nXm-a-l-ap-h m-N.
""KpcpkvXzw P\-IkvXzw kh hnZym-c-l-kyx
kh kvXzatXm atm aZnjvSw cl-ky-taIw
hhyw; XZzn-\ m, aZ-` n-a -X -c -l kyw hzw Ix
kax? InanXn tNXv ]cn-{hmPy kzcq-] -{Iaw
t\m{_q-l oXn \mc-tZ\ {]mnXx ]c-tajvT o
khXx khm-\h
- t- emIy aplq-am{Xw kam[n-\n-jvtTm-`qXzm kwkm-cmn \nhr-Xy-t\z-jW

506

I CXn \nnXy \mc-Za- -ht- emIy Xaml ]nX-alw:

]pcm-a Xv ]p{X- ] p- c pj kqtm- ] - \ n- j - {Z- l ky
{]Imcw \nc- X n- i - b m- I m- c m- h - e w- _ n\m hncmSv
]pcptjtWm-]ZnjvSw clkyw tX hnhn-tNym-NytX
XXv{I-a-aXn clkyw _mV-a-h-lntXm `qXzm-{iqb-X mw.''
A\-cw iu\-ImZn aljn-am Fm-hcpw IqSn
`K-hm \mc-Zt- \mSp ]dp: ""{]t`m Rv k\ymk-hn[n ]dp XcWw''. CXp-tIv \mc-Z kp-jvS\mbn Ir]-tbmsS ]dp: "k\ym-k-ns ]q kzcq]-s-n ]nXm-a-l-\mb {_m-hns apJ-n\npw
X\s\ tIp-I-bmWv t{ib-kvI-cw.' ]ns bmK-k-am]vXnptijw Fm-h-scbpw Iqn \mc-Z {_-tem-Ip
sNv {_-[ ym-\]
- -cm-b -W-\m-bn-cp ]c-ta-j vT n-bmb
{_m-hns\ \a-kvI-cnv kvXpXn-p. {_mhv Fm-hscbpw bYm-tbmKyw Bk-tm-]-hn-jvT-cm-Im \nt-inp. Atm \mc-Z {_m-hn-t\mSp ]d-p. ""{_,
Av R-fpsS Kpcp-hpw, ]nXm-hpw, kh--\pw, khhnZym h-`-\p-am-W-tm. AXn-\m kZbw F\n--dn-tb
Hcp clkyw ]d-p-X-cW
- w. Cu clkyw F\np a\n-empw hn[w ]d-p-X-cm am-cp-an-. Fs B{Klw
km[n-n-m ks\n k\ym-k-ns kzcq-]{I-a
- sf ChnsS IqSn-bn-cn-p Rs-m-hpw
thn D]-tZ-in-p-I.'' \mc-Zs A`y-\t- Iv {_mhv
Hp ISm-n tijw Aev]k
- -abw kam-[n--\m-bn-cpp. ]ns P\-\-a-cW
- c
- q-]a
- mb Cu {]]-nI ZpxJ-fn\npw tamN\w t\Sm-\p D]m-b-sa-sv Nnnm XpSn. ]ns Ip-Xp-dv \mc-Zs\ t\mn
]dp: ""\mc-Z, ]v ]pcp-j-kq--nepw D]-\n-jnepw {]Xn-]m-Zn--s-n-cp \nKqV cl-ky--\pIq-e-ambn kh-t{i-jvT\pw Znhy-\p-amb hncmSv ]pcp-j
F\nv D]-tZ-inXp Xs Rm \npIw D]-tZinp Xcm-\p-t-in-p-p.''

2. t`m \mc-Z , hn[n-h -Z m-Zm-h -\ p-] -\o-tXm-] -\ -b-\ m\cw XXv kXvIp-e-{]-kqXx ]nXr-amXr hnt[bx
]nXr-k-ao-]m-Z-\yt{X kXv k{-Zmb w {imhw kXvI p-e -` hw t{im{Xn-b w, imkvt{Xm-h meyw KpW-h
- -a-Ip-Snew kZvKp-cp-am-kmZy \Xzmb- t Ym- ] - t bmK ip{iq- j m- ] qhIw kzm`n- a Xw
hnm]y ZzmZ-ih
- j tkhm-]pcx kcw kh-hnZym-`ymkw IrXzm XZ-\p-bm kzIp-em-\p-c]
- m-`naX I\ymw hnhmly ]-hnw-iXn hkcw KpcpIp-eh
- mkw IrXzmY Kph-\p-bm Krl-tmNn-X - I a Iph- n {_mWy \nhr- n-taXy
kzhw-i-hr-n-Imax ]p{X-ta-Ia
- m-kmZy Kml-tymNnX ]-hnw-iXn hcw Xozm-XXx ]hnwiXn hc ]cyw {Xnj-h - W - a p- Z -I -k v] i\
]qhIw NXp-Im-e-ta-I-hm-ca
- m-lm-ca
- m-lcmb-

taI Gh h\tm `qXzm ]pc-{Km-a-{]m-\ kRmcw hnlmb \nInc hnc-ln-XX

- Z- m-{inX ItamNnX IrXyw \nhXy Zrjv S {ihW hnjb
s sh X r - j vW y- t aXy N Xzm- c nw- i X v kwk vImckx khtXm hnc- - n ipn-t aXy
Bim- k q-tbjym-l w-I mcw `Kv[ zm km[-\ -N Xp
jvSb kx k\y-kvXp-al-Xo-Xyp-]-\n-j-Xv.

""\mc-Z, k\ym-k-ns kzcq-]hpw {Iahpw Ghpw

cl-ky-am-Wv. Rm AXp ]d-bmw. {i-tbmsS tIpI. DX Ipe-Pm-X\pw amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS Bm-\phn-bp-amb Hcp _me D]-\o-X\
- m-bn-s-n BZyambn Ahs\ D]-\-b\w sNn--Ww. ]noSv B _me
amXm-]n-Xm-sf ]ncnv {im-hm\pw kXvIp-e-Pm-X\pw
t{im{Xn-b\pw imkv{X-PvR\pw KpW-hm\pw BP-h_
- pn-bp-amb Hcp-k-ZvKp-cp-hs\ kao-]nv Kpcp-Ip-e-hm-k-a\
- pjvTn-- Ww. Kpcp-ip-{iqjm XXv]- c-\mbn At-l-ns ]mZ-fn hoWp \a-kvI-cnv B{Klw At-ls Adn-bn-Ww. ]ns Kpcp-hns Bm-\p-k-cWw shfn-bn
]{p hj-mew Kpcp-ip-{iqj sNbvXv kh hnZyIfpw A`y-kn--Ww. A[y-b\w ]q-am-bm kzIp-en--\p-cq-]bpw a\-n-\n-W-n-b-hf
- p-amb Hcp I\y-Isb
Kpcp-hns Bm\p-k-cWw hnhmlw sNbvXv Ccp-]n-b-p-hjw Krl-m-{i-an-bmbn Ign-b-Ww. kzhw-ihr-nsb am{Xw emmn ]pt{Xm-ev]m-Z\w sN-Ww. Ccp]-n-bp hjw Ign-m hm\-{]w kzoI-cnv
AXn Xs Ccp-]-n-bp hjw Nne-hg- n--Ww.
{Xnk-y- I-fnepw kv\m\w sNp-Ibpw ]I \memw bman Hcn- am{Xw Blmcw IgnpIbpw thWw.
{Kmahpw ]-Whpw ]cn-Nb
- -am-fpw Dt]-nv GImIn-bmbn h\-n Xs Ign-b-Ww. Dgp-Xp-hn-X-bvm
{ian-msX Inp Acntbm atm tiJ-cnv AXp-sImp-am{Xw B{i-a-[w \nd-thn sFln-I-]m-c-{Xn-I-fmb kpJ-t`m-K-- fn XnIpw sshcmKyw Iev \mev]Xp-hn[w kwkvImcw ssIsImv Nns khYm
ip-amn shbv-Ww. Bi, Akq-b, Cujy, Almcw Ch \ntjw ssIhnp km[-\-N-Xp-jvSb k-\m-b-h-\mWv k\y-kn-p-hm Al-\mbnpXv Fv
D]-\n-jv A\p-im-kn-p-p.

aqmw D]-tZiw
1. AY ssl\w \mcZx ]nXm-alw ]{]- ""`Kh, tI\ kwb- \ ym-k m-[ n- I mcn thtXy-] -a mZu
kw\ym-k m-[n-Im-cnWw \ncq]y ]mXv k\ymk
hn[n-c p-Ny-tX. Ah-lnXx irWpx AY jWvU x
] c ntX m A wK - h n- I e x k vs s {X tW m _ [ ntcm`tXm apIx ]mj-WvU
- {Io enwKo sshJm\k lc-ZznPu `rX-Im-[ym-]Ix in]n-hnjvtSm A\ntIm sshcm-Ky-h-tm-t]ytX \ kw\ym-kmlx

507

I kw\y-kvXm-b-Zy]n alm-hm-tIym-]-tZ-ti-\m-[n-Im-

7. AIa a{-cl
- nXw \mtXm-a{w ]cn-Xy-tP-Xv.
cnWx ]qh kw\ymko ]c-a-lw-km-[n-Imco
a{w hn\m Ia IpcymXv `kva-\ym-lpXn
hZv`-th-Xv.
A\- cw \mc- Z {_m- h n- t \mSp tNmZnp:
""`Kh, k\ymkw kzoI- cn-t--sX--s\-bmWv? AXn\v 8. hn[yp I-kw-t-]mXv kw\ym-kkvXzm
Xpcx kvarXx
A[n-Imcn BcmWv? Zb-hmbn AXn-s\-n ]d-p Xcq.''
{_mhv ]dp: ""k\ymkw kzoI-cn-m-\p A[n- Xkvam-Zm-Xpc k\ymtk a{m-hrn hn[o pt\
Imcn Bcm-sWv ]d-bmw. AXn-\p-tijw kw\ym-k-hn-[nsb-n Nnn-mw. \]pw-k-I, ]Xn-X, AwK-hn-Ie
- ,
kvss{XW, _[n-c, _me-I, aqI, ]mj-WvU,
N{In, enwKo-th-X\w ]p A[ym-]I
- , in]n-hn-jvT,
Abm-n-I Fn-h hnc-c
- m-sW-n Xsbpw
k\ym-k-n-\-[n-Im-cn-I-f-. apt Xs k\ym-km-{i-an-\-\p-Iq-e-amb A\p-jvTm\w tN-ht\ AXn {]thin-m tbmKy-X-bp-q.

1. ]tc-ssW-hm-\
-
- m]n ]cssky hm\w XYm
A`bw ka-hm-]vt\mXn k ]cn {hmUnXn kvarXnx
- m]n
2. jWvtUmhnItem-]ytm _me-I
]mXIo
]Xn-X ]c-Zzmco sshJm-\k lc-ZznPu
3. N{In-enw-KoN ]mjWvUo in]n hnjvtSm
]y\nIx
Zzn{Xn hmtcW kw\ykvtXm `rX-Im-[ym
-]-tIm-]nhm
GtX \mln k\ym-ka
- m-Xp-tcW hn\m-{I-aw.

BXpc k\ym-k-ns ka-b-ta-sXp tNmZn-m

ac-W-Im-ev {]mW-{]-bm-W-k-a-b-sav ]d-b-Ww. asmcp
ka-bhpw icn-b-. icn-bmb ka-bv BXpc k\ymkw
ssIh-m AXp-sIm-p-Xs apn e`n-pw. Cu
BXpc k\ymkw {Kln-- W-sa- m-{K-l-ap--h ikvt{Xm-amb a{- D-cnv bYm-hn[n Bh-iy-ap I-f\
- p-jvTnv a{-]qw k\ymkw kzoI-cn--Ww. BXpc-k-\ym-k-n\pw {Ia-k-\ym-k-n\pw hn[m-\-n aman-. Imc-Ww, Iw a{-t{]-cn-Xa
- m-Wv. Hmtcm a{hpw
I-hp-ambn _n--Xm-Wv. ka-{-a-s-n Hcp I
hpw bYm-I-am-hn-. AXn-\m a{w ssIhn-S-cpXv. a{w IqSm-sX-bp Iw Xo sXm- Xn-\p-tijw Nmen An-p Blp-Xn-t]m-se-bm-Wv. imkv{X-{]-Im-cap I- kwt-]np sNbvXm BXpc k\ymk-{Inb ]q-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m AXn a{m-hrn
Bh- iy-am-Wv.

9. Bln-Xm-nhn-c-t- Xv tZim-c KtXm-bZn

{]mPm-]t- {XjvTn a]vtkzh \nhr-ssXy-hmY
km\y-tkXv
`b-an-m--h Bscbpw `b-s-Sp-m--h A- 10. a\km hmY hn[yp a{m hrXym-Yh
- m-Pte
s\-bp--h-s\-bmWv kvarXn-I ]cn-{hm-P-I-s\p ]d-bp{ipXy-\p-j-Tm-\-amtW Im-\p-jvTm-\-tah hm
-Xv. jWvU-\pw, hnI-emw-K\
- pw, A-\pw, _me-\pw,
]mX-In-bpw, ]Xn-X-\pw, ]c-Zmw-Km-an-bpw, sshJm-\-k-\mb 11. kam]y k\ytk ZznZztm tNXv
]mXn-Xz-am-]v\p-bmXv
{_m-W-\pw, N{Inbpw, enwKn-bpw, ]mj-WvU-\pw, in]nhn-jvS-\pw, Abm-n-I-\pw, thX\w ]p A[ym-]I
- - 12. bZm a\ko kwPmXw sshXrjvWyw
\pw, ctm aqtm XhW kw\ymkw kzoI-cnv Ign-kh-h-kvXpjvT
h\pw BXp-ck
- -\ym-kn-I-fmImw Fm Ah {Ia-kXZm k\ym-ka
- n-tX ]XnXx kvamZzn-]c
- ytbm
\ym-k- n-\l-c-.
13. hncx {]tP-Xv[o-am kc-kvXp
4.-BX
- p-cI
- mex IY-am-cy-k
- Xx {]mW-tkymXv
Krtl-h-tkXv
{Ia-Wm-k
kcmtKm \cIw bmXn {]{h-Pln ZznPm-[ax
Ime-kvXzm-Xp-c-kw-nIx t\X-c-kvXzm-Xpcx
An-tlm-{X-am-N-cn-p--h A\y-tZ-i-K-a\w sNpImtem
Ibpw AhnsS shv hnc--\m-p-Ibpw sNbvXm Peapn-am {]hIx
n {]mPm-]-tXy-jSv n-Iw sNbvXv kw\ymkw kzoI5. BXptc A]n N kw\ymtk X-{
cn-mw. Cu {]mPm-]Xy tbmKw a\-p-sImtm bYm-hn]pcx-kcw [n-a{w sImtm thtZm--hn-[n-{]-Im-ctam thWw
a{m-hrnw N IrssXzh kw\y-tkXv hn[n Cs\ sNbvX-Xn-\p-tijw am{Xta k\ymkw kzoI-cnhXv _p[x m-hq. Am--]w kz[-n\nv A[x-]-Xn-pp. bYm-amb hncn tXmn- bm am{Xta k\ymkw
6. BXptc Ahn-{Ita hm]n ss{]j-Zt`m \
Ip{X-Nn-Xv. kzoI-cn-m B{Klw {]I-Sn-n-m-hq. AXn\p hn]-coX- a mb {]h \w a\p- j ys\ A[x- ] - X n- n- pw.
\ a{w Ia clnXw I a{-a-t]-tX

508

I sshcmKyw hnt k\ymkw kzoI-cn-m-hq. a\-n

cmKw Ah-ti-jn-p-p-sh-n Krl-n Xs Ign-bWw. a\-n cmKw Ahtijnt k\ymkw kzoI-cnp ZnPm-[c
- \c-I-n ]Xn-p-p.

14. bssky-Xm\n kpKp-]vXm\n Pntlzm-]tm

Zcw Icx
k\y-tk-ZI
- r-tXm-Zzmtlm {_mtWm {_
Ncy-hm.
15. kwkm-ct- ah \nxkmcw ZrjvSzm kmcZn Zrbm
{]{h-P-Xy-Ir-tXm-Zzmlx ]cw sshcm-Ky-am-{inXx
16. {]hrn eWw Ia m\w-k-\ym
-k-e-Ww
Xkvam-X
m\w ]pc-kvIrXy kw\y-tk-Znl
_pn-am.
\mv, D]-w, hb-dv, ssII XpS-nb C{n-bsf Pbn-n-p--h\pw Ahn-hm-l n-X\pw {_l-a-Ncy
k- -\p-amb {_m-W kw\ymkw kzoI-cnmw.
kwkmcw anYy-sbp IcpXn kmc- h-kvX {Kln-m B{Kl-tmsS PvRm\n-bm-b-h ]q hnc-\
- mbn Ahnhm-ln-X-\m-bn-cns Xs kw\ymkw kzoI-cn-p-p.
Iw {]hr-n-bp-sSbpw m\w k\ym-k-nsbpw
{][m\ e-W--fm-W.v AXn-\m _pn-am-\mb hyn
PvRm\w ey-am-n-sm-p-thWw k\ymkw kzoI-cnm.

17. bZm Xp hnZnXw XXzw ]cw-{_ k\m-X-\wx

XssZ-I-ZWvUw kwKrly tkm]-hoXmw
inJmw XytP-Xv.
18. ]c-am-\n tbm cx hnctm ]cam-\n
kssh-j -Wm-hn-\napx kss`w
t`mp-apl-Xn.
19. ]qPntXm hnXssh kp{]-k tm bYm
`thXv XYm-tN-m-Uy-am-\kvXp XZm `hXn
ss`-`pv
20. Al-ta-hm-cw {_ hmkp-tZ-hm-Jy-a-Zzbw
CXn-`mthm {[pthm bky XZm `hXn
ss`-`p-Iv.
21. bmkvan imnx-iax iuNw kXyw ktmj
BPhw AInw-N\
- Z- w-` k ssIh-eym-{ita
htkXv
22. bZm \ IcptX `mhw kh-`q-tXjvT ]m]Iw
IWm a\km hmN XZm-`-hXn ss`-`pv
23. Zi-e
- -WIw [-a-\p-Xn-jvT kam-lnXx
thZm- hn[n-h-Xv{ipXzm kw\y-tk-Z\ytWm XznPx

]c-aX
-
- m--I-amb k\m-X\ {_-m\w e`nm GI-Z-WvU-Zm-cn-bmbn ]qWqepw inJbpw ssIsh-Snb-Ww. ]c-am-m-hn A\p-cp-\pw XZv`n--amb kI-eXnepw sshcm-Kyhpw D-h\pw Gj-W-{X-b-cl
- n-X\pw
am{Xta `nmw Bin-p-hm Al-X-bp-q. B{]-iwk BZcw Ch-sImpw km[m-cW a\p-jy {]k-\m-Ip-tm XmUn-s
- -X
- n\p tijhpw AXv {]k-Xb
- vn-S\
- Ip-s-n am{Xta `nmw Bin-phm Al-X-bp-q. Xm A-c{- _w Xs-sbp
hniz-kn-m Ign-bp--ht\ `nmw `n-m-\[
- n-Imc-ap-q. in, {`aw, iaw, iuNw, ktm-jw, kXyw
kmcfyw Zw`-an-mbva [\-n A\m-kn Fn-h-tbmSp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\p-am-{Xta k\ym-km-{i-a-{]-th-i\
-
- n\v AlX-bp-q. k\ym-knv a\km hmNm IWm Hn-t\mSpw
Cujy Cm-Xn-cn--Ww. C-s\-bp hninjvS at\m`mhw ssIsImv GIm-{K-Nn--\mbn D]-\n-j
- p-I
{ihnv {_-Nc
- y-a-\p-jvSnv kzm[ymbw sNp Ejn
EW-hn-ap--\m-Ip-p. k\ymkw kzoI-cn-t-Xv bm\p-jv Tm-\ - m tZh- m-t cm-S p EW- n \npw
]pt{Xm-Xv]n aptJ\ ]nXr- -tfm- Sp EW-n \npw
ap-\m-b-Xn\p tij-am-Wv.

24. [rXnx am ZtamkvtXbw iuNan

{nb-\n-{Klx
[o hnZym kXy-a-t{ImtYm ZiIw [-e
- -Ww.
25. AXo-Xm \kva-tcZv t`mKm \ XYm
\mK-Xm-\]n
{]m]vXmw \m`n-\-tZyx k ssIheym
{ita htkXv
26. Ax- m-\o-{o-bm-Wy-_-ln-jvT m
hnj-bm _lnx
iIvt\m-Xnbx kZm Ipw k ssIheym
{ita htkXv
27. {]mtW KtX bYm tZlx kpJw ZpxJw \
hnXnXYm-tNXv {]mW-bptm ]n k ssIheym
{ita- h-t k-Xv .
[rXn, a, Zaw, AkvtX-bw, iuNw, C{n-b-\n-{Klw, [o hnZy, kXyw, At{Im[w Ch ]mWv [ns e-Ww. Ign Imev A\p-`-hn-n-p t`mK-sf-n Nnn-p-Itbm Ctm A\p-`-hn-p-sIm-n-cnp--hsb kzmKXw sNp-Itbm `mhn-bn e`n-m-\n-Sbp t`mK- B{K-ln-p-Itbm sNm--h-\mWv
k\ym-km-{i-a
- n hkn-m tbmKy. Ax-m-\ob- -fmb C{o-b-pw _mlym-- co- I-hn-j-b-pw
a\-n m\w sImSp-m-Xn-cn-m Ign-hp--h\
- mWv
k\ym-km-{i-a
- n\v A[n-Im-cn. {]mW shSn ico-cn\v kpJZpxJm\p`hw Dm-Im--Xp-t]mse Xs

509

I {]mW-\n-cn-p-tmgpw kpJ-Zpx-J- _m[n-m--h-\mWv

k\ym-kn-bm-Im tbmKy.

28. Iu]o-\-bp-Kfw Im ZWvU GI ]cn-{Klx

btXx ]c-a-lw-kky \m[n Iw Xp hn[o-btX
29. bZn hm IpcptX cmKm-Z[
- n-Iky ]cn-{Klw
cuchw \cIw KXzm Xncy-tKym-\njp PmbtX
30. hnioWm-\y-a-em-t\yh tNem\n {KYn-Xm\n Xp
IrXzm I w _lnhmtkm [mc- t b- m- X p- c RvP nXw
31. GI-hmkm Ahmkm hm GI ZrjvSn-ct- em-ep]x
GI Gh Ntc-nXyw hjm-tkz-I{X kwh-tkXv
32. IpSpw_w ]p{X-Zm-cmw thZmw-Km\n N khix
bw btm-]-hoXw N Xyzm KqV- -tcZyXnx
cp Iu]o\w Hcp ]g-pWn Hcp hSn Fnh
k\ymkn kzoI-cn--Ww. CXn IqSp-X ]mSn-. AXymi-bm IqSp-X hkvXp- {Kln-m ac-Wm-\
- cw
cuc-h-\-cI
- -n ]Xn-p. ]ip ]ymZn XncyIv tbm\nI-fn P\n-p-p. ioX hjm-Zn-I-fn\npw tamN-\n\v Pon ip-h-kv{X- Iqn-v hkv{X-am-Ww. ]ns hnP- \--ev Xma-kn--Ww. Bh-iysan
Imjm-b-hkv{Xw [cn-mw. GI hkv{X-[m-cn-bmtbm \\mtbm Ign-bmw. Iv Ap-anpw ]mbn-msX Hcn-Spd-n--Ww. a\-n Hcp-hn[ B{K-l
- n\pw CSsImSp-cp-Xv. GI-\mbn am{Xw k-cn-W
- w. kv{Xo, ]pcp-j,
IpSpw-_w, thZmw-K{- K, bw, btm-]-hoXw
Ch khYm shSn-b-Ww. Cs\bp k\ymkn Xs
alXzw ]d-p-sImp \S-m-sX bm{X sN-Ww.

33. Imax t{Im[-kvX-Ym-Ztm tem`

taml-Z-b-tb
XmwkvXp tZmjm ]cn-XyPy ]cn-{hm
\ntam `th-Xv.
34. cmK-tZz-j-hn-bp-mm ka-temjvTm
iva Im\x
{]mWn lnwkm-\n-hr- ap\nx-kymXv
kh \nkvarlx
35. `w`m-l
- mc \naptm lnwkm ss]
iqXy hPnXx
B-m-\-Kp-tWm-t]tXm bXn
tam-a-]m-]v\p-bmXv
36. C{n-bmWmw {]kw-tK\ tZmj-ar-Xy kwibx
kw\n-b-ayXp Xmt\yh XXx knnw \nK-Xn
37. \ PmXp-Imax Imam-\m-ap-]-t`m-tK\ imayXn
lhnjzm IrjvW-hth `qX Ghm`n htX

38. {ipXzm krjvSmb N `mb ZrjvSm {LmXzm

Nb tbm \cx \ hrjyXn mbXn hmk-hn-ttbm-Pn-tX-{nbx
39. bky hmMva-\kn ipt kayIv Kp]vtX N
khZm k ssh kh-a-hm-]v]t- \mXn thZmtm
]KXw ^ew
40. km-\mZv {_mtWm \nXy apZzn-tPX hnjm
Znh Aar-X-tkyh NmImwt `h am\ky khZm

Fm hn[-n-ep aaX k\ymkn ssI shSn-bWw. Imaw, t{Im[w, tem`w, tamlw, Al-m-cw, XpS-nb
tZmj- ssI hnS-W w. cmK-t Zz-j m-[ n-I Acp-X v.
kzhpw ]md-pw Xpey ZrjvSn-bn ImW-Ww. {]mWn
lnwk ]mSn- . \nkvar-l-\m-I-Ww. Zw`w, Al-m-cw, lnwk,
]c-\n Ch-bn \nv ap-\m-I-Ww. Cu KpW--fp
k\ym-kn-bmWv tamm-[n-Im-cn. C{o-bm-kn At\Iw
tZmjv Imc-W-am-Wv. C{n-b- \nb-{-W-n-embm Ah knn {]Z--fm-Wv. t`mtKm-]-tZmKw sImv
Ima-hm-k-\I ian-n-. s\v An-sb-sb-t- ]mse
AXv Ahsb hn-n-p-Itb Dq. ]cp-jtam a[p-ctam
Bb hmp tImepw kzmZp-tXm Am-tXm Bb
Blm-c-km-[-\- `n-mepw arZpthm ]cp-jtam Bb
hkvX p- kv] in- mepw kp-ctam ZpK- tam
Gmepw {]k--Xtbm shdptm CmsX Fm-nepw
ka-`m-h-\-bp- -h-\mWv PntX-n-b hnip a\pw
hnip hmpw tZmj-lo-\-\p-am-bht\ thZm {ihWw
sImp ]q ^ew A\p-` -h n- m km[n- q.
kvXpXn hnjw t]mse D]-Imcw sNp--Xm-sWpw
{_m-W Icp-tX--Xp-v.

41. kpJw lyh-aXx titX kpJw N

{]Xn _p[ytX
kpJw NcXn temtIy kvanh-am hn\-iyXn
42. AXn-hmZmw kvXnXn tX-\m-h-a-t\yX I\
\tNaw tZl-am-{inXy sshcw Ip]oX tIm\-Nn-Xv.
43. {Ipyw \ {]Xn-{Ip-t[zZv B{IpjvS
Ipiew hntZ-Xv
k]vXZ- zmcm hIomw N \ hmN-a-\rXmw htZXv
44. Aym-X
- n-cm-kot\m \nc-t]m \ncm-inj
B-ss\h klm-tb\ kpJmo hnN-tc-Znl
45. C{n-bmWmw \ntcm-t[\ cmK-tZzj tbW
N Alnw-kbm N `qXm-\m-a-ar-X-Xzmb Iev]t- X.
A]-am-\-n-\n-c-bmb hyn kpJ-ambn Dd-p-Ibpw
DW-cp-Ibpw k-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Fm Ahs\
A]-am-\n-h
- kzbw \in-p-p. Cu icocw \iz-ca
- mWv. A-s\-bp ico-c-hp-ambn BtcmSpw i{XpXzw ]mSn. tIm]n-p-h
- c
- psS t\pw tIm]-ac
- p-Xv. Ak`yw

510

I ]d-bp--h-tcmSv Bam-Xncn hmp-I ]d-bmsX \ hmv

Al-mcw khYm Dt]-n-pI \ B{K-ln-p--h

]d-bp-I. cp Iv, cv sNhn, cp \mkm-Zzmcw apJw AXn\p ]pdsI t]mI-cp-Xv. {]nb-P-\--fn kpIr-Xhpw
Cu Ggp-Zzm- c--fp-ambn hmv _-s-n-cn-p-p. AXns\ i{Xp--fn ZrjvIr-Xhpw ImWp at\m-`mhw shSnv
Hcn-epw AkXy `mj-W
- n-tev \bn-c
- p-Xv. kpJ- Ah-cp-ambn _-s-Sm-Xn-cn-p-I. [ym\ \njvT-\mb km[an-n-p--h B[ym-nI Nn hln-p-Ibpw nX- I\v {_s {]m]n-m Ignbp-p. {ItaW kh-hnNn--Xt- bmsS BtcmSpw Hpw bmNn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw j- b- - fnepw A\m- k- - \mbn C{n- b- - fn \nv tamN\w
- n ebn-p-p. knn B{KthWw. a\-n Hcp B{K-lhpw Dm-Im-\nS sImSp-- t\Sn k\ymkn ]c-{_-
cp-Xv. Bh-iy-an-msX ap--hc
- psS klmbw tXS-cp-Xv. ln-p--h ap--hsc B{i-bn-msX GI-\mbn NcnGI-\mbn k-cn--Ww. C{n-b-sf Pbnv cmK-tZz-jm- -Ww. k\ymkn ap--h-cpsS knn-Iv Xs km[\
Zn-I shSnv Hcp Pohn-sbbpw lnwkn-m-Xn-cn-p-- shSn-bp-Itbm knn lo\-\m-Ip-Itbm sNp-n-.
h Aar-XXzw t\Sp-p.
54. I]mew hr-aq-em\n IptN-em\y klm-bXm

46. An-qWw kv\mbp-_w amwk

timWn-X-te-]nXw
Nm-h-_w ZpKn ]qw aq{X-]q-co-jtbmx
47. Pcm-timI kam-hnjvSw tcmK-bXu amXpcw
cP-kz-e-a-\nXyw N `qX-hm-ka
- naw XytPXv
48. amwkm-krIv ]qb hnaq{X kv\mbp am
nkw-lXu tZtl tNXv {]oXn-am aqtUm `hnXm-\-c-tI]n kx
49. km Ime-]p-{X-Zzokm `hnkm alm-hoNn hmKpcm
\mkn-]{- X-a-\t- {iWo bm tZtl
laXn kwnXnx
50. km XymPym kh-b-tX\ kh\m ti ]yp
]ntX kv{]jvSyhym km \ `thy\ k izamw
tkh ]pevko
51. {]ntbjp tkzjp kpIrX a{]n-tbjp N
ZpjvIrXw
hnkrPy [ym\-tbm-tK\ {_m-t]yXn k\m-X\w
52. At\\ hn[n\m khmw-kvXyIvXzm kwKm
iss\x iss\x kh-Zz-ssz hn\nptm
{_mtWy hmh-Xn-jvTtX
53. GI Gh Ntc-nXyw kny ak-lm-bIx
knn-ta-Iky ]iy ln \ PlmXn \ lobtX

kaXm ssNh. kh-n-tX apky eWw

55. kh `qX-lnXx im-kv{Xo-Z Wv U o k IaWvUep GIm-cmax ]cn-{hPy `nmw {Kma-amhn-ti-X v.
56. GtIm `npb-tYmx kymZv Zzmthh anYp\w
kvarXw. {Xtbm-{Kmax kam-JymX Du[zw Xp
\K-cm-b-tX.
57. \Kcw \ln-Ihyw {Kmtam h anYp\w XYm
GXXv {Xbm-{]-IphmWx kz[mXv
NyhtX bXo
58. cmP-hmmZn tXjmw kymZv `nm-hm
]c-k v]cw
kvt\l sshiq-\y-am-cyw kn-I
jm--kw-ibx
59. GImIo \nx kv]rl-kvXn-jvtT-l
tX\ klm-et- ]Xv
ZZym-m-cm-bt- W-tXyh {]Xn-hmIyw kZm-bXnx
60. GImIo Nn-tbXv {_ at\m
hmmb Ia`nx
arXypw N \m `n\-tX PohnXw hm IY-\

IpSn-m I]m-e-sa ac- m-{Xw Xma-kn-m hraqew [cn-m Pon XpWn Ch ssIsm--Ww.
GIm-In-bm-bn-g
- n-bp at\m-`mhw Fm-h-tcmSpw ka-`micocw tcmK-a-b-am-Wv. An-I CXn XqWp-I h\ Ch-bmWv Poh-p--e--Ww. {]im-\pw ZWvU-It]mse kv\mbp- Ib-dn\p kaw. AXv amwk-c-m-Zn- a-WvU-e p-[m-cnbpw Bm-cm-a-\p-am-bn-cn--Ww. k-cnI-fm te]\w sN-sv Nm-hr-X-am-bn. ae-aq-{X-]q-cn- ptmfpw GIm-In-bm-bn-cn--Ww. `nt \Kcfn
X-amb AXv ZpK--]q-am-Wv. hmIy timI-k-m- {]th-in-m-hq. k\ym-kn-bm-bm GIm-In-bmbn Ign-b-Ww.
]m-Zn-I-fm BXp-ca
- m-Wn-Xv. cP-kz-ea
- m-bp-Xv \nXy-a GIm-In-bmb k\ym-kntb ^np Fv ]d-bp-p. ASp`qXm-hm-km-amb CXv XyPn-p-I. amwkw cw aew aq{Xw p-h-cm Bsc-bp-a-\p-h-Zn--cp-Xv. b-amtbm {Kma-amtbm
a An Ch-bpsS kam-hm-b-amb Cu tZl-n \K-c-amtbm hkn-p k\ymkn kz[-Nyp-X-\m-Ip-p.
- n-ep Nv CS-h-cp{]oX-h-ln-p apV \c-I-n\p ]m{X-am-Wv. Al- ]ecpw tNcp-tm ]e-hn-[
p.
AXv
kv
t
\lt
Zzj
m[
nI
v Imc-Wa
- m-Imw. ap-mcw Ime-kq-{X-sa \c-I-ns am-am-W.v alm-hoNn
F \c-I-n-se-n-m t]m Hcp he-bm-Wn-Xv. h ]d-bp Imcy-v D-c-ambn ""\mcm-bW'' Fp
Akn-]-{X- \-c-I- n Fm-\p tImWn- - Sn-bm- Wn-Xv. Cu am{Xw D-cn--Ww. GIm--hm-kn-bmbn am\-kn-I-hm-NnI
Alw`mhw ]n-amwkw Xnp NWvUm- en- \n- bvsm- amWv. ImbnI {Inb-I tIhew {_s am{Xw [ym\n-m-\n-

511

I S-sIm-Sp-p--Xm-h-Ww. ac-W-stbm Pohn-X-stbm A`n\-n-m\pw ]mSn-.

61. Ime-tah {]oX-tX bmh-Zmbpx kam-]ytX

\m`n-\-tX acWw \m`n-\-tX PohnXw Ime
tah {]Xo-tX \ntiw `rXtIm bYm
62. APnlzx jWvUIx ]wKp-ctm _[nc
Gh N
apKv[ arNytX `np jUv`n-tc-ssX \ kwibx
63. CZ-an-jvS-anZw t\Xn tbm iv\]n \ kXn
lnXw kXyw anXw hn Xa-Pnlzw {]N-tX
64. AZy PmXmw bYm \mcow XYm tjmUi
hmjnIow
iX-hjmw N tbm ZrjvSzm \nhn-Imcx
k jWvUIx
65. `nm-a-S\w bky hnaq-{X-I-cW
- mb N
tbmP-\m--]cw bmXn khYm ]wKp-tch kx
66. XnjvTtXm {hPtXm hm]n bky Np
\ ZpKw
NXp-cypKmw `phw apzm ]cn-{hmSv tkm
DNytX
67. lnXm-lnXw at\m-cmaw hNx timIm-hlw Xp
bXv {ipXzm ]n \ irtWm-Xoh _[ncx k {]Io
nXx
68. kmnty hnj-bmWmw bx katm hnIte-{nbx kp]vXh
- Z- ztX \nXyw k
`npapKv[ DNy-tX.

hnj-b --fn A\m-k- -\mb `np apKv[ F

t]cn Adn-b-s-Sp-p.

69. \Sm-Zn-t{]-jWw ZyqXv {]aZm kplrZw XYm

`yw t`mPy-ap-ZIymw N j \ ]tiyXv
IZm-N\
70. cmKw tZzjw aZw ambmw t{Zmlw tamlw
]cm-kq
jtU-Xm\n bXn \nXyw a\km \ Nn-tbXv
71. aIw ip]n hkv{Xw N kv{XoIYm eueytah N Znhm-kz]v\w N bm\w N bXo\mw ]mX-\m\njvSv
72. Zqc-bm{Xmw {]b-tX-\\ htb `m NnIx
ktZm-]\
- n-jZw hnZym-a-`y-tk\ apn sslXpIow
73. \ Xo-tk-ho-\nXyw kymtm-]-hm-k]tcm bXnx
\ Nm[y-b\ ioex kym hymJym\ ]tcm-`-thXv
74. A]m-]a iTw hr-a-Pnw \nXy-am-Nt- cXv
C{n-bmWn kam-lrXy Iptm
Km\oh khix
75. otW-{n-b-a-t\m-hr-n \ncm-io \njv]-cn{Klx \nZztm \n-a-kvImtcm \nx tkz[m-Imc
GhN
76. \ntam \nc-lI
- mtcm \nc-t]-m-\n-cm-injx
hnhn--tZ-kk
- w-ktm apNytX \m{X kwibx

Xs _p- -s ftbm \mS-Im-ZnIsftbm NqXv,

bphXn cP-kze Da t`mPyw Ch-tbtbm k\ymkn
ac-W-k-abw hsc Imew {]Xo-n-n-cn--Ww. ac-W- t\m-cp-Xv. cmKw, tZzjw, aZw, amb, t{Zmlw, tamlw Cu
- v{Xw kv{XoIsfn N,
stbm Pohn-Xs
- tbm {]iw-kn--cp-Xv. `rXy bP- Bdpw ssIsh-Sn-b-Ww. ip{`-hk
C{nb
e
n]
v
k
,
]Ie
pd
w
an-en-cn-p-I, hml-\-ams B-sb-sb t]mse Imes am{Xw A\p-kfn
kc
n
pI
Fnh
k\ymknv hPy-am-Wv.
cn-p-I. \]pw-k-I, A, apS-, _[n-c, apKv[
Fnh-sc-tmse Ignv jUvKp-W-fpw Bnp B Nn-bn apgp-I-Ww. Ign-hXpw Zqc-bm{X Hgn-hmIgn- m apn e`n- pw. Blm-c- n kzmtZm -Ww. D]-\n-jp XpS-nb A[ym-nI {K-
ZpkzmtZm ]cn-K-Wn-m--h\pw kXy-am-{X-hm-Zn-bp-amWv A`y-kn- -Ww. A[nIw D]- h-kn- p-Itbm Xom- S\w \SAPo-h. \h-PmX _men-Is
- bbpw ]Xn-\mdp hb-p-Im- p-Itbm ]mSn-. Gsd ]Tn-p-Itbm ]Tnn-p-Itbm
cn-sbbpw \qdp-h-bp Ing-hn-sbbpw ka-`m-h\
- -tbmsS th k`-I-fn {]`m-j-Ww, ]m]m-Nm-cw, BP-h-I-c-amb
Zin-p- -h\pw Ima-p-gn-bn s]Sm-X n-cn- p--hs\ s]cp-amw Ch Hgnhm--Ww. Ba ssIIm-epIsfsb-jWvU -s \p ]d-b p- p. ae-a q- {X- h n-k P- \ - n\pw t]m-se C{n-b-sf hnj-b-n\npw ]nh-en--Ww.
hnZymP-\
- n\pw k-cn-p Znh-k-n Hcp tbmP- B{K-l-fpw ]cn-{K-l-fpw XyPnv ljtim-Im-Zn-I\bne[nIw t]mIm--h-\p-am-b-hs\ ]wKp Fv ]d-bp- fpsS Npgnbn s]Sm-Xn-cn--Ww. \a-kvIm-cm-ZnI th.
p. \S-p-tmgpw \np-tmgpw t\{X- \mep AI- aa-Xbvpw Al-m-c-n\pw m\-a-\p- h-Zn--cp- Xv. Hnepw
m-Sn IqSp- X HmSn- m--h\pw At[mZr- jvSn-bp- am-b-hs\ Bk-n-b-cp-Xv. \nKz-a\pw Al-m-c-c-ln-X\pw \nc-t]A-s \v ]d-b p- p. lnXm-lnX kpJ-Zpx-J- -fmb \pw \ncm-inpw GIm--hm-knbpw Bbn-cn--Ww.
hmp-tI-npw tIn-sp \Snv im-\m-bn-cn-p--h 77. A {] - a x I a- ` - n- m- \ - k - x
_[n-cs KW-n s]Sp-p. hnj-b-k-ao-]\w _ew kzXt{m sshcm-Ky-taXy {_-Nmco Krlo hm\C{nb kzX Ch Dm-bnpw Ddp--hs\tmse {]tm hm apJy- h r- nIm tNZv {_- N cyw

512

I kam]y Krlo `th-Zv. Krlm-Zz\o `qXzm {]{htP

ZyZn thX-cYm {_-Ncym tZh {]{h-tPXv KrlmZzm-h -\zm-Z zmY]\-c -{hXo hm {hXo hm kv\ mXtImhm Akv\m-XtIm thk-m-n-c\
-
- n-tImhm
b Zl-tch hnc-tP-Z- l
- t- ch {]{h-tPXv XsstI-{]m-Pm-]-Xym-ta-thjvSnw Iph-y-Yhm \ IpcymZm-t- ym- tah Ipcym-Z - nln-{]mWx {]mWta
sshX-bm-I-tcmXn XkvamXv ss{X[m-X-hom tahIp-cym-tZX ssbh {Xtbm [mX-thm-b-`qX kzw
cP-kvXa CXn.

hn[n-t]mse bw sNbvXp. at{m-m-c-W-tmsS

Ansb {LmWn--Ww. ""AbwtX An''CXmWv a{w.
""At, Cu {]mW aptJ-\-bmWv \o Bhn`-hn--Xv.
{]mW kwh--c-_-n-Xa
- mb Ime-am-W.v AXn-\m-emWv
\oIm-n-am-\m-b-Xv. P-Im-cW
- -amb {]mWs\ Adnp
\o AXn {]Xn-jvTn-X-\m-Ip-I. R- fpsS m\kv
hn-n-p-I. {]mW An-bpsS D-h
- n\v Imc-Wam-Wv. a{-n {]mW-sbpw An-bpsS GIm-X
hy- am-p-p.

Bl-h-\o-bm- n-bn \npw Ansb {Kln- p.

A{]-h--\mbn tIhew Bm-hn--[o-\-\mbncpv An-{LmWmw \nh-l n- - W w. Ansb {Kln- p.
sshcmKyw D-m-bm Iw `n m\w Fn-h-tbm- Anbns-n Pe-nepw lh\w sNmw. ""tZh-m
Sp-Iq-Snb Krl-t\m {_-Nm-cntm hm\-{]-t\m Pe-kz- cq-]-ambncnptm Rm Ahv thn lh\w
kw\ymkw {Kln-mw. hnc--\n Fs-nepw \yq\-X- sNp-p. Cu BlpXn Ahv e`n--s.'' Fbp-s-n, B{i-a--fn BImw--bp-s-n {_- n-ep--XmWv a{w. ]ns BN-an--Ww. LrX-bp-Nmcn Xs B{i-am-h[n ]qn-bm-n-bnv Krl-m-{i-a- am-b-Pew Btcm-Ky-tam--{]-Z-am-Wv. ]ns inJ, ]qWpn {]th-in--Xn- \p- tijw hm\-{]-hpw AXn-\p-tijw \q, ]nXm-hv, ]p{X, `mcy, Iw, A[y-b-\w, hn`n
k\ym-khpw kzoI-cn- mw. As-n Krl-m-{i-a-n\p a{- CsXms hnp-]n-cn-bmw. Fm am{Xta BX- p-q. ss{X[m-Xtijw sshcmKyw tXmn-bm k\ym-kn-bm-Imw. {_- a-m-\n-bmb hyn k\ym-kn-bm-Ib
Nmcn {_-N-cy-c-ln-Xt\m kv\mX-I Akv\m-Xt\m hob a{w tam {]Z-am-Wv. AXn-eqsS {_-m\w
An-tlm{Xn A\-n-tlm-{Xntbm Bbmepw sshcmKyw t\Sn {_w, kXyw, m\w Fn-h-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-XmtXmn-bm Krlw shSnv k\ymkw kzoI-cn-mw. sW k-ev]-m AXns\ D]m-kn-mw.
hn-cmb Nne k\ym-kn-am B{i-a-{]-th-i-\-tmsS
]ns \mc-Z {_m-hn-t\mSv tNmZn-p. ""`K-hm,
{]Pm-]-tXyjvSn F bw A\p-jvTn-p-p. AXp-Iq- btm-]-hoXw ]cn-Xy-Pn-p {_m-Ws nXn
Sm-s X-b p-am-I mw. As- n Btbn F bw FmWv?'' {_mhv ]d-p: ""m\n-bmb ]pcp-j
sNmw. An Xs {]mW AXn-\m km[-I CjvSn- incv apWvU \w sNbvX v btm-] -h o-X -cq-] - n
bm {]mWs\ ]pjvS-am-p-p. ss{X[m-X-ho-b-sa _mly-i-co-c-n [cn-n-p \q ssIhnv Ahy-b-\mb
b-hp-am-Imw. Cu b-n-eqsS kXz-c-Pk
- vXa
- m-- {_w kh-nepw \qens cq]-n hym]n-n-cn-pI--fmb aqp [mXp--sfbpw lh\w sNp-p.
p. Fv k-ev]nv A[ym--]c
- -\m-I-Ww.

78. Abw tX tbm \n-E-Xzntbm btXm PmtXm

Atcm NYmx Xw Pm\- Btcm- l m- [ mt\m
hbm cbn-an-Xy-t\\ at{-Wm-n-am-Pn-t{L-tZj
hm Attcym \ncyx {]mWx {]mWw K kzmw
tbm\nw K kztl-tXy-h-ta-ssh-XZm lh-\obm
Zn-am-lrXy ]qh hZ-n-amPn t{LZy-Z ow \
hnt-Z]
- vkp Pplp-bm-Zm-t]mssh khm tZhXmx
khmt`ym tZh- X mt`ym Pptlman kztlXn
lqtXzm-rXy XZ-ZIw {]iv\n-bmXv kmPyw lhnc-\m-abw tamZ-an-Xn-inJmw btm-]h
- oXw ]nX-cw]p{Xw If{Xw I Nm[ym-b\w a{m-cw hkys s P y h ] c n- { h - P - X y m h nt mj as s {
kvss{X[m-X -hossb hnt[-kvX -Zv{_ XZp-]m-koX-hyta sshX-ZnXn ]nXm-alw ]p\x-]-{] \mcZx
IY-a -b-tm-] -hoXn {_mW CXn-X-a m-l -] n-Xamlx
79. kinJw h]-\w-IrXzm _lnx-kq{Xw
XytPXv _p[x
bZ-cw ]cw-{_ XXv kq{X-anXn [mc-tb-Xv.

80. kqN-\m-q-{X-an-Xymlpx kq{Xw \ma ]cw-]Zw

XXvkq{Xw hnZnXw tb\ k hnt{]m thZ-]m-]c
- Kx
81. tb\ kh-anZw t{]mXw kqt{X aWn
KWm Ch
bq{Xw [mc-tb-tZym-Kn-tbmK hny Zi\x
82. _lnx kq{Xw XytPXv hnZzm
tbmK-ap- -a-a-am-nXx
{_ `mh-anZw kq{Xw [mc-tbZyx k tNX\x
[mc-Wm-ky kq{X-kyt\m njvtSm \mip
Nn `thXv
83. kq{X-a-KXw tbjmw m\ btm
]ho-Xn\x
tX ssh kq{X-hntZm temtI tX N
btm] hoXn\x
m\ tah ]cw tXjmw ]hn{Xw m\-ap-NytX
84. At-cnh inJm-\m\ym bkym m\-abn inJ
k inJo-Xyp-NytX hnZzm-t-Xtc tIi-[m-cnWx

513

I 85. Ia-Wy-[n-IrXm tb Xp sshZntI

`qKr-l-I
- -c -\nXv[c kvXWvUn-tejp ht\ hm
ti zX - t I X p E `q\ n Z mL E j ` `p h mk x
{_m-W n-Zbx
kwhI Z m- t {Xb ssch- X - I - h - Z - h y
ssX hn[m-ca
- nZw kq{Xw {InbmwKw
enwtKm-hym Nmtcm _mtem- ]nim-Nh
- Z- \
- pXnssh kvarXw
- tm- hZm-N mcw kv{ Xo ZWvU w inIyw
86. inJm-m-\-abn bky D]-hoXw N Xbw
]m{Xw Ia-WvUepw IpSn-kq{Xw Iu]o\w N XXv
{_mWyw kIew Xky CXn {_ hntZm hnZpkhw `qkzmtl Xy]vk p ]cn-XyPy ISn-kq{Xw
cnXn
N Iu]o\w ZWvUw hkv{Xw Ia-WvUpew ka-]m\-tl-XpIw Xs kq{Xw. AXp-sImv kq{X- k-kr-PymY PmX-cq][c--tc-Xv. Bm\ a\zn-tns Aw ]c-a]
- -Z-sa-m-Wv. ]c-a-]-Z-am-Ip kq{Xw ZyYm PmX-cq-][
- tcm \nZz-tzm-\njv ]cn-{K-kvXXz
Adn- b p- - h - \ mWv thZ-] - W vU n- X - \ mb {_m- W . {_-amt kayIv kx ip-am-\k
- x {]mWkq hnizm-hp,. \qena-Wn-I t]mse ]c-am-m- k-mcWmw btYm--Imte Ic-] m-t{X-W mhn tIm-s-n-cn-p-p. tbmK-\pw XXz-Zin-bp- t\y\ ambm-N n-Xm-lm-ca
- m-lc
- em`m-emt` ktam
am-b-h bYm kq{X-amWv [cn-p--Xv. m\n `qX zm \ n ax
i p - [ y m\ N c m- b tW m
_mly-kq{Xw Dt]-nv {_-am-Ip kq{Xw [cnv [ym\njvTx ip`m-ip-`I
- \nq-e\ ]cx-kwtbmKs B{i-bn-p-p. A-s\-bp--h\
- mWv ssNX- \ymky ]qm-\s
- sI t_m[-kvXZv {_m-la
- \y. B kq{X-ns [mc-W-m k\ymkn Dn-jtv `m- kvaoXn {_-{]-W-ha
- -\p-kva-c {`ac IoS-\ym-tb\
mthm A]-cn-i p-t\m BIp-n-. m\-am-Ip ico-c-{X-b-apXv krPy k\ym-tk-ss\h tZl-XymKw
bPvtRm-]-ho-X
- m k\ym-kn-bpsS lrZbw Aew-Ir-X- ItcmXn kIrX IrtXym `hXo Xyp]-\n-j-Xv.
am-W.v Ah-cmWv kq{X-ns bmYmyw Adn-bp--h.
k\ym-kn-am-cpsS btm-]-ho-Xhpw inJbpw m\-sas{X. m\-amWv al-mb ]pcp-jmw. AXyw
hnip--am-WX
- v. An-bpsS Pzme AXns kzcq-]a
- m-bn-cnp-X
- p-t]mse m\n-bpsS inJ m\-abw Xs.
tIi-a-b-amb inJ-b AXv. sshZn-I-I- A[n-Imcn-bmb {_m-W I-ns AwK-am-Ip btm]-hoXw [cn-p-p. m\-ab
- -amb inJbpw kq{Xhpw
[cn-p--hc
- nepw {_mWyw ]p-ambn nXn sNpp-shv {_--m-\n-I k-Xn-n-p--Xm-Wv.

87. XtZ-XZ- zn-mb {_m-Wx ]cn-{hPy ]cn-{hmtUI imSo apWvtUm ]cn{Klx icoc ti
klnjvW p tZ-Y hm bYm-h n-[ n-t- m-X -c q]
[tcm `qXzm k ]p{X an{X-If
- m-{Xm]vX _zm Zo\n
k zm[ y mbw
k h amW n
k \ y m- k y mbw
{_mWvUw N khw Iu]\w ZWvUa
- m-m-Z\w
N Xyzm Zzz-kl
- n-jvWp \ ioXw \ tNmjvWw
kpJw \ ZpxJw \ \n{Zm \ am\h amt\ N jUqnhPn tXm \nm-l-mc acx KhZw t`jym
kqtb-m-tZzj kpJ ZpxJ Ima-t{Im-[-tem-`-tam-lmZo hnkrPy kzh]px ihm-I m-c - a nh kparXzm
kzhy-Xn-cnw ka-_-ln-ca
- -\y-am\x Ikym]n
h-\-a-IrXzm \ \a-kvImtcm \ kzmlm-Imtcm \
kz[m-Imtcm \ \nmkvXp Xn bmZr-ntIm `thZy-Zr-m-em-`-k-pjv Sx kphm-Zo ]cn-{K-tl-hm-l\w \ hnkP\w \ a{w \ a{w \ [ym\w
t\m]m-k\w \neyw \meyw \ ]rYIv \m]rYIv \ Xz\y{X kh- {Xm- \ n-t IXx nc- a Xnx
iq\ym Kmc hr-aq-e-tZ-h -K r-l -Xr-W -I q-S-Ip-e me
imemn t]m{X imemn ZnK-c \Zo-X-S]
- p-fn\

C-s\-bp XXzw {Klnv k\ymkw kzoI-cn-tXv {_m-Ws I-hy-am-Wv. GI-hk

- v{X-[m-cn-bmbn
intcm-ap-WU
v \w sNbvXv A]-cn-{Kl \nbaw ]men--Ww.
ico-c-tiw kln- p-hm km[n-m-X n-cp- m Hcp
Iu]o\w [cn-p-Itbm \X hcn-p-Itbm BImw.
]p{Xan-{X-_m-- hm-Zn- Isf Dt]-nv kzm[ymb kXvI-fn \nc-X-\m-I-Ww. kI- e-Xp-ambn _w hnv Iu]o\
ZWvU AwK-h-kvX-cm-Zn-I shSn-p. kIe Zzz-`m-Kfpw kln--Ww. kpJ ZpxJ iotXmjvW \n{Zm-`n-am-\mh-am-\--sf-n Nn Acp-Xv. jVqn-hn-hPn-X-\mbn
\n, Al-mcw acw Khw ZmZm-Cjy Akqb C
tZzjw kpJw ZpxJ Imaw t{Im[w tem`w tamlw Ch
shSnp kzio-c-cs ihw t]mse IcpXn B-Nn
am{Xw ssIsmv Bscbpw \a-kvI- cn-msX btam
{imtam A\pjvTnmsX Bcp-sSbpw kvXpXn \nmZnI KWn-msX Ign-b-Ww. GI-\mbn kzX-{-ambn
Nnnv kzbw e`n-p--Xn Xr]vXn-s-S-Ww. {Zhy kw{Kl-a-cp-Xv. Bhm-l-\-hn-k-\m-Zn-I ]mSn-. a{w kzoIcn-p-Itbm [ym\w sNm-sX, Dt]-n-p-Itbm eym
ey kwtbmK hntbmK Nn ssIhn-S -W w. Hcp
m\p Xs Xma-kn-p-Itbm t]mhp-Itbm ]mSn-.
Xt-Xmbn hotSm B{i-atam ]mSn-. nc-_p-n-bm-bn-cn-Ww. iq\y Krlw, hr-aq-ew, tZhm-e-bw, IpSn, Ipihs hoSv, An-tlm{X ew \Zo-Xocw aWn-,
` q Kr - l w, K pl , A cp - h n, D X m\ w, h \ w
FhnsSbmbmepw B{ibw Inn-bm Xma-kn-mw. tizX
tIXp, E`p, \nZm-L, Zp`m-km-hp, kwh-I, Zmt{X-b, ssch-X-I XpS-n-b-h-sc-tmse {]tXyI Nnan-msX Bcm-s Wv Xncn- -d n-bm Ign-b m- -hn[w
_me, D-, ]nim-N Ch-bvsmw s]cp-am-dmw.

514

I ZWvUw, kn, ]m{Xw, Ia-WvU-ew, ISn-kq-{Xw, Iu]o\w, Ch-sbmw "`qkzmlm' Fp- ]- dv Pe-m \nt]n--Ww. ZnKw-_-c\
- mbn k-cn-mw. Zzz-`mhw shSn-bWw. \nXyw {_-Nm-cnXzw hln-W
- w. lrZb ipntbmsS Inp--Xp-am{Xw Ignv em`m-em` Nn-Iq-SmsX
B-_w am{Xw ]pen Ignb-Ww. kzbw {_kz-cq] amsWv IcpXn tIhew {_ss
Nnnp sImn-cn- - W w. {Xnhn[ imco- cm-l - mcw
shSnp khYm {]m]-nI _- hnt-Znv tZlXymKw sN-Ww. Cs\ Ign-bp k\ym-kn-bmWv IrXIr-Xy-s\v D]-\n-jv A\p-im-kn-p-p.

\memw D]-tZiw
1. Xzz temImw thZmw hnj-bm\o
{nbmWn N
A-t\y-h-ntXm bkvXp k bmXn ]camw KXnw
2. \ma-tKm-{Xm-Zn-hc
- Ww tZiw Imew {ipXw Ipew
htbm hrw {hXw ioew hym]tb ssh kZyXnx
3. \ kw`m-tjXv kv{Xnbw ImnXv ]qh ZrjvSmw
N \ kvatcXv
IYmw N hP-tb-mkmw \ ]tiyn JnXm-a]n
4. GX--Xp-jvSbw tamlmXv kv{XoWm-amN-ctXm btXx
Nnw hn{In-b-tXhiyw XZzn-Im-cmXv {]W-ky-Xn.

9. t{]c-tbZzm Xbm `npx kz]vt\ ]n \

IZm-N\
Pmbm {`Xr kpXm-Zo\mw _p\mw N ip`m-ip`w
10. {ipXzm ZrjvSzm \ ItX timI lju
XytP-ZyXnx
Alnwkm kXy-a-kvtXb {_-Nc
- ym-]-cn-{Klx
11. A\u-X
- y-a-Zo-\Xzw {]km-Zx-ss-cy-amPhw
Akvt\tlm Kpcp-ip-{iqjm {im ImnZ-ax-iax
12. Dt]m ss[cy-am-[ptcy XnXnm
IcpWm XYm
lokvXYm m\-hn-mt\ tbmtKm eLy
i\w-[rXnx
13. Gj kz[tm hnJymtXm bXo-\m,
\nb-Xm--\mw.
\nZz-tzm-\nXy kzx kh{X ka-Zi\x

temI- , thZ-, hnj-b-, C{n-b-kpJw Ch

Dt]-nv B-n-X\
- mb k\ymkn ]c-aK
- Xn {]m]np-p. Xs t]cv, Ipew, tKm{Xw, tZiw, Ah-, ioew,
{hXw, imkv{X-m\w Fn-h-sb-p-dnv BtcmSpw ]db-cp-Xv. kv{XoI-fp-ambn kwkm-cn-p-Itbm ]qh-]-cn-Nn-Xbmb kv{Xosb kvacn-p-Itbm kv{XoI-fpsS Nn{X-
ImWp-Itbm Ah-cp-a mbn Ntbm ]mSn- . ImcWw
kv{Xosb kw_-n-p Nbpw Nnbpw Ah-cp-ambp khpw hnIm-c
- sf Do-]n-n-mw. Abmsf
tbmK-{`-jvS-\m-m CsXmw CS-sIm-Sp-p--Xm-Wv.

tamlw, aa-X, amb, tem`w, XrjvW, t{Im[w, AkXyw, cmKw, Al-m-cw, B{K-lw, kw{K-lw, ]vkwKw,
inev]w, NnIn-, hyh-km-bw, ]c-Kr-lh
- mkw, {]mb-nw, Huj-[h
- n-X-cW
- w, a{-{]-tbmKw hnj-{]-tbm-Kw,
[- km-lkw BiohmZw Fnh k\ym- kn-amv \njn-am-Ip-p. AXn\p hn]-co-X-ambn {]hn-p-h
-
kz[-Nyp-X\
- m-Ipw. tamw B{K-ln-p k\ymkn
kplr- p- sf kzmKXw sNp- Itbm _lp- am- \n- p-Itbm
IqsS Xma-kn-n-p-Itbm Acp-Xv. Zm\w kzoI-cn-c
- p-Xv.
`mcy-]p-{X ktlm-Z-c XpS-nb {]nb P\--fpsS
ip`mip` hm- I tIp-I tbm ImWp- I tbm
sNbvXpw Nm-ey- n- \n- S-sIm-Sp-- cp-Xv. lj-tim-Im- Zn- I
shSn-b-Ww. Alnw-k, kXyw, AkvtX-bw, {_-Nc
- yw,
A]-cn-{K-lw, AssZ-\yw, imn, {]k--X, nc-X, kcf-X, kvt\lw, Kpcp-ip-{iq-j, {i, a, C{n-b-\n-{Klw, at\m-\n-{K-lw, DZm-ko-\-X, [oc-X, am[p-cyw, klnjvWp-X, Icp-W, e, Aev]m-lm-cw, m\-hn-\
]cm-b-WX Ch-bn-semw kw\ymkn {]tXyIw {i sNept-- Xm-W.v

5. XrjvWm t{Imt[m \rXw ambm tem`

tamlu {]nbm-{]ntb
inev]w hymJym\ tbmK Imtam cmK-]c
- n-{Klx
6. Al-mtcm aaXzw N NnInm [ kmlkw
{]mb-nw {]bm-k a{u-j-[-]-cm-injx
7. {]Xn-jn-m\n ssNXm\n tkh-amt\m {htP-Z[x
BK K-Xn-jvtTXn kzmKXw krlr-tZm]nhm
8. km-\\w N \ {_qbmXv ap\n tam
]cm-bWx
{]Xn-{Klw \ Kr-lvWo-bmXv ss\h Nm\yw {]Zm]- tbXv

14. Xpcobx ]c-tam-lwkx kmmm

cmbtWm bXnx
GI-cm{Xw htk-Zv{Kmta \Ktc ]-cm-{XIw
15. hjm-t`ym\y{X hjmkp amkmw
NXptcm htkXv
Zzncm{Xw hm htk-Zn-{Kmta `npbZn htk-Zm
16. cmKm-Zbx {]k-tPycw kvtX\mku
\mcIo `thXv
{Kmamt \nt\ tZti \nb-Xmm \ntIX\x
17. ]cy-tSXv IoS-hZv `qau hjm-tkzI {X
kwh-tkXv

515

I GI-hmkm Ahmkm hm GI. ZrjvSn ctem-ep]x

18. AZq-j-b kXmw amw [ym\ bptm
alow NtcXv
ipNu tZxi kZm `npx kz[ a\p-]m-e-b
19. ]cy-tSX kZm-tbmKo ho-b hkp-[m-Xew
\ cm{Xu \ N a[ym-tl\ ky-tbm
ss\h ]cy-S
20. \iqt\y \ N Zpt hm {]mWn
_m[m-Itc \ N
GI cm{Xw htkZv {Kmta ]t\ Xp Zn\-{Xbw
21. ]ptc Zn\-Zzbw `np \Ktc ]-cm-{XIw
hjm-tkz-I{X XnjvtTX mt\
]pWy-P-em-hrtX
22. B-hXv kh `qXm\n ]iy `np
tclow
A-hX
- vPU
- h
- s
- sh _[n-tcm- aqI-h-Xv.
23. kv\m\w {Xnj-hWw t{]mw _lp-ZI
h\-tbmx
lwtk Xp kIr-tZ-h-kymXv ]c-lw-tk\ hnZytX
kXz-Kp-W, ka-Zin, Zzzm-Xo-X, Xpcn-bm-{i-a-nX Cu \ne-bn-ep ]c-a-lwkw k\ymkn \mcm-b-Ws
kmmXv kzcq]w Xs-bm-Wv. {Kma-n Hcp cm{Xn
\K-c
- n Ap-cm{Xn C{Xtb k\ymkn Xma-kn-mhq. Fm hjImev Cu \nbaw _m[-I-a - .
NmXpm-kym-amb Av Htc m\v Xma-kn-mw.
Gsd Hcn-Sp Xma-kn-p-tm cmKm-Zn-I Dm-Ipw.
AXv \cI {]m]vXnv Imc-Wa
- m-Ipw. {Kma-ns Hcp
`mKv X\nsb PntX-{n-b-\mbn Ign-b-Ww. Fp-am-khpw
IoS-n-s\mv k-cn--Ww. GI hkv{X-[m-cntbm ZnKw_-ct\m BImw. Nmeyw ]mSn-. hnj-b-Nn-m-cl
- n-X\mbn Zym\\nc-X-\m- I-Ww. At[m-Zr-jvSn-bm-bn-cn-pI cm{Xnbnepw a[ym--nepw ky-I-fnepw bm{X th. iq\y
Zp-a
m-\- ssIshSn-b-Ww. hj-Im-ev hnip-m\w tXS-Ww. kh-`q-X--sfbpw X\nv ka-ambn
ImW-Ww. A, _[n-c, aqI, PU, {`m Fnh-sc-t]mse Fm _mly-Zr-iy--fn\npw A\-`n-\m-I-Ww. _lp-Z-I\pw h\-hm-kn-bmb bXnbpw {Xnk-yI-fnepw kv\m\w sNp-p. lwk\n kv\m\w Hcn-
aXn. ]c-a-lw-km-h
-bn kv\m\m-Zn-I Bh-iy-an-.

24. au\w tbmKm-k\w tbmK-kX

- nXn
ssIm--io-eXm
\nx kv]rlXzw kaXzw N kv]ssX
Xmt\yI ZWvUn\mw
25. ]c-lw-km-{ia tmln kv\m\m tZc-hn-[m-\Xx
Atij Nn hro\mw XymKw tIhe amN-tcXv

26. XzMv amwk cp[n-ck

- v\mbp am tatZmn

kwlXu hnaq-{X-]qtb caXmw {InaoWmw

Inb-Z
- -ca
27. Iz ico-c-a-ti-jmWmw tjvam-Zo\mw alm-Nbx
Iz NmwK-tkm-`m-ku-`mKy Ia-\obm Ztbm KpWx
28. amwkm-krIv ]qb-hnaq{X kv\mbp-am
nkw-lXu
tZtl tNXv {]oXn-am aqtVm `hnXm \ctI
]n kx
29. kv{XoWm-a-hmNy tZiky n-\mUo
{hWky N
AtZtZy ]n at\m-t`-Zm-\x {]mtbW hWy-tX.
30. Na JWvUw Zzn[m-`n-a
- -]m-t\m-ZvKmc [q]nXw
tb can \akvtX`yx kmlkw InaXx ]cw
31. \ Xky hnZytX Imcyw \ enwKm hm hn]-nXx
\ntam \n`bx imtm \nZz-tm
h t`mP\x
32. ap\nx Iu]o\ hmkmx kytm hm [ym\-Xev]cx Ghw m\-]tcm tbmKo {_
`qbmb Iev]t- X.
a\-\w, tbmKw, Bk-\w, GIm--tk-h-\w, XnXo
\nkv]r-l-X, aa-X, Cu Ggp Imcy- GI-ZW
- vU-Im-cnI-fmb k\ym-kn-am Xo-bmbpw A\p-jvTn-W
- w. ]c-alw-km-h--bn-se-n-b-h\v kv\m\mZn I- A\nhm-cy-a
- . Ah\v Nn-hrn ]cn-XymKw Xs t{ibkvIcw amwk-c N \mUo-tatZm amn \nnX-amb ico-c-n can-p a\p-jypw ae-aq-{Xm-Zn-Ifn InS-p Iran-Ipw Xn Fp-t`Zw? icocw
shdp-p-m-p I^m-Zn- I-fpsS Iqm-c-am-Wv. AXn-sep
ku-cy-amWv? hrn-sI ]Zm--fpsS ka-hm-b-amb
Cu i-co-cs t{]an-p a\p-jys t{]aw \c-I-nem- Wv. kv{XoI-fpsS Ahm- Ny--fmb AwK-pw Nofn {hW-pw Xn Hcp t`Z-hp-an-s-nepw a\pjy am\-knI hn{`-a-m hn-X-cm-Ip-p. k\ymkn
bmsXmcp Nnhpw hln-c
- p-Xv. Ah\v Hcp Ihpw
sNt-X
- m-bn-n-. `bw, aa-X, Zzz-Nn Ch hnv im\mbn Ah `-WmZn Nn-If
- n \nv hnap-\
- m-bncn-p-p. ZnKw-_-c\
- mtbm Iu]o-\-[m-cn-bmtbm Ah
[ym\n-- Ww. Cs\ m\-hr-n-bn apgp-Inb tbmKn
{_-`m-h-n\v Al-\m-Ip- p.

33. enwtK kXy-]n-J-ez-kvan m\-tah

lnIm-cWw
\ntm-m-tbl `qXm\mw
enwK-{Kmtam \ncIx

516

I 34. b-kw \ Nmkw \m{ip-Xw\ _lp-{ipXw

kzim-Jm-\p-KX
- a
- ss{ cjvS-{im-m-\yjvS Znt\jp
hm GI-Znt\ hm ]nXr-bm-tKm hn[m-t\\ {_m\ kphrw \Zphrw thZInXv
Wm- \ - ` y `pyw bYm- h n[n \nhy
k {_mWx
]nWvU{- ]-Zm-\m\n \nhy ZnWm-Xmw-_qsse
35. Xkvam-Z-enwtKm [tm {_-hrkvtXmj-bnXzm {_m-Wm t{]j-bnXzm Atij
-a-\p-{hXw
I knyw tIim k{]m-j vS[m ZznPx
KqV [m-{intXm hnZzm\ m\ NcnXw
kwn]y hm]-tbXv ]qhw tIi-iva-{ip-\-Jm\n
Ntc-Xv.
N CXn k]vX -t I-i m kwcy Itm-]
36. knKv[x kh-`q-Xm\mw hm-{ia
hw uc-]qhIw kv\mXzm kmbw-kym
hnhnXx
h\w \nhXy kl-{k-lm-b{Xo P]vXzm {_bw \nhXy kzm[o-\mn ap]-m]y kzimA-h
- U
- h
-
- m]n aqI-h alow NtcXv
tJm-]-kw-lc
- Ww IrXzm-X-Zp--{]-Im-tcW BPym37. Xw ZrjvSzm im-a-\kw kv]rl-bo
lpXn
amPy`
m-Kmw lpXzm-lpXn hn[nw kam]y
Znhu-Ikx
Bm-Zn-`n-kv{Xn-hmcw kp-{]miv\w IrXzm ANenwKm-`m-hmp ssIh-ey-anXn {_m-\p
a-\ -] qh-I -anw kwcy kzb-a-tcp cXx
-im-k\w CXn
IrjvWm Pnt\m-]cn nXz ]pcmW {ihW ]qhm\w Xs-bmWv k\ym-k-nepw tam-n\v Iw. PmK-cWw IrXzm NXp-bm-amt kv\mXzm
Imc-Ww. m\w IqSmsX hn`n Nn- [cn-p- ZIu Ncpw {i]-bnXzm ]pcp-j-kp-t-\m-ky
Xv \nc-I-am-W.v {_-m-\n-bm-Is km[p, Akm- tjmU-imlp Xn lpXzm hncPm tlmaw IrXzm
[p, aqJ, hnZzm, kphr-, Zphr- Cu t`Z- AYm-N ay kZ- nWw hkv{Xw kph-]m{Xw
_p-n-sbm-p-an-m--h-\m-W.v AXn-\m k\ymkn Nn- t[\pw ZXzm-k-am]y {_tm-Zzm-k\w IrXzm kw
-sfm-p-an-msX {_-Nn-m-]-c-\m-I-Ww. A\yv amkn-p acpXx kan{x kw_r-l-kv]Xn kw
ImW---hn-[-n-em-bn-cn-t Ahs tbmKm-Zr-\p- amb-a nx kn-X zm-bp-j mN [t\\ N _te\
jvTm-\-, hm-{i-a--Xo-X-\m-bn, A-_-[n-c-aq- Nmbp-j va x ItcmXp ta CXn bmt{X At
Im-Zn-Ismw Ah k-cn--Ww. Cs\ {]im bnbm X\p kvXtb-lym-tcm-lm-y-\m-m\w
Nn-\mb kw\ym-knsb Zin-p tZh-m BPo-hnX Am hkq-\n-Ir-Wz--kta \cym ]pcqWn btm
hrn sImXn-p-p. B-`m-h-n \npw `n-ambn `qXzm b-am-koZ kzmw tbm\nw PmX-thtZm `ph
Hn\pw AkvXn-Xz-an-s Nn a\-n DZbw sImp- BPm-b-am\x k b G[n-Xy-t\-\mn B-\ymtm ssIheyw knn-p-p. {_-XXzmI-amb D]- tcm]y [ymXzmnw {]Z-nW \a-kvImc ]qh-Iaq-Zzmky {]mXx kym-ap-]mky kl{k Kmb{Xn
tZiw CXm-Wv.
]qhIw kqtcym-]
m-\w IrXzm \m`n-Z-Lvt\m-Z38. AY \mcZx ]nXm-alw k\ymk hn[n. t\m I-ap-]-hn-hn-iy-jvS-Zn-Iv]m-eI
- mLy ]qhIw Kmb{_qloXn ]{]-. ]nXm-a-l x-X -tYXyw Ko IrXy {Xyp-Zzm-k\w IrXzm kmhn{Xow hym]r-Xnjp {]thBXptc hm {Ita hm]n Xpco- b m-{ ia kzoIm- i-bnXzm Alw hrky tccnhx Ionx ]rjvTw
cmw IrNv{] {]mb-n ]qh-Ia
- jvS {imw Kntc-cnh Du[z-]h
- n-t{Xm, hmPn-\o-hkz arX-a-kvan
Ipcym-t-hjn Znhy-a-\pjy `qX ]nXr am{Xt {Zhn-Ww. ta kh kwkp-ta[m Aar-tXm-nXx
Xyjv S {imm\n IpcymXv {]Ya kXy hkp CXn {Xni-tm thZm\p hN\w b-k
- m-ar-jt`m
kw-I m hnizm tZh tZh-{imt {_ hniz-cq] Otm-t`ym[yar XmXv kw_-`ph k ta
hnjvWp atl-izcm Ejn {imt tZhjn {Xn- Ct{m ta[bm kv] rtWmXp Aar-X ky tZh-[mbjn a\p-jyjo Znhy-{imt hkp-cp-{`m-Zn-Xy- ctWm `qbmkw icocw ta hnNjWw Znlzm ta
cq-]m a\p-jy-{imt kuI-k\
-
- \ k\-XvIp-amc a[p-a - -am. Im-`ym-`q-c n-hn-{ihw {_-W x-tIk\-Xvk p-P m-X `qX-{imt ]rYn hymZn ]-a- timkn ta[-bm]n lnXx {ipXw ta tKm]mb Zmtclm-`q-Xm\n Np-cymZn Ic-Wm\n NXphn-[-`qX j-W m-bm hnt-j Wm bm temtI-j -W m{Kam ]nXr-{im-t, ]nXr-]n-Xm-al {]]n-Xm-a-lm bm hypn-tXm-lw. Hmw `pxk-\ykvXw abmx Hmw
amXr {imt amXr ]nXm-alo {]]n-Xm-a-lo-cm-- `phx k\y-kvXw-abm Hmw kphx k\ykvXw abm
{imt B ]nXr-]n-Xm-a-l PohXv ]nXr-Iiv Hmw `q`qhx kph k\y-kXw k\ykvXw atbXn
tNzXv ]nXcw Xzzm B ]nXm-al {]]n-Xm-a- a{ a[ya Xme P[z-\ n-`n a\-k m-h m-tNm- mcy
lm-\nXn kh{X bp IvW p]vX ym {_m-Wm- A`bw kh-` q-tX-t`m-ax khw {]htX
\-t b-tZz-Z m-[ zc ]t AjvSm-[ z-c -] t hm kzmtl Xyt\\ Pew {]miy {]mNymw Znin

517

I ]qtm-RvPenw {]n]y Hmw kzmtlXn inJm-

sebpw tcmaw If-b-cp-Xv. ap-I-p-tijw kv\m\w

ap-Xv]mZy btm-]h
- oXw ]caw ]hn{Xw {]Pm-]- sNbvXp kmbwky-bn Bbncw Dcp Kmb{Xn a{w
- w. ]ns {_-bmKw sNbvXv An m]\w
tXb klPw ]pc-kvXmXv Bbp-jy-a{Kyw {]Xn- P]n-W
- w. kzw imJ D]-kw-l-cn-p. BZy-`mKw
ap ip{`w btm-]-h oXw _e-akvXp tXPx \nh-ln-W
btm- ] - h oX _ln \ \nh- t kkv X z ax hsc LrXm-lpXn thWw. lh\w ]qn-bm-bm hdp
{]hniy at[y lyP{kw ]caw ]hn{Xw btim-_ew amhns aqv Dcpf `n-p-Ibpw B Na\w sNbvXv
m\-ssh-cmKyw ta[mw {]b-tXn btm-]- An-bn kanv Cv, An-bpsS D-c`- m-K-mbn
hoXw OnXzm DZ-Im-RvPe
- n\w kl Hmw `qx kap{Zw IrjvW arK-tm-en-en-cpp ]pcmW IYm-{i-hWw \nhK k zml - t K - X y ] v k p P ql p - b mXv Hmw `qx lnv cm{Xn DWn-cn-p-Ibpw thWw. ]ns cm{Xn-bnse
k\ykvXw abm. Hmw `qhx k\ykvXw abm. Hmw \mew bma- n kv\m\w sNbvXv AtX An-bn Xs
kphx k\ykvXw abm CXn {Xncpzm {Xnhm-ca
- - Ncp ]mI-s-Spn ]pcpj kq-nse tjmU-i-a-{`n-a{ X-ew {]mm-Nay Hmw `qx kzmtl-Xy]vkp -fm Ncp-hns ]Xn-\mdp Blp-Xn-I \nt-]nv
hkv{Xw ISn-kq-{X-a]n hkrPy kh-I -\n-hr- hncP F tlmaw sNbvXv BN-a\w ZnW hkv{Xw,
- tImlanXn kva rXzm PmX cq]- [ -t cm-` qXzm kphw, ]m{Xw, ]ip Fnh Zm\w sN-Ww. {_tmkzcq-] m-\ p-k- m-\ -] qh-I -aq[z _mlp-c p-ZoNnw Zzm-k-\-n-\p-tijw An-bpsS B[n-ssZ-hn-I-cq]w Xs
Bm-hn {]Xn-jvTn--Ww. ]ns An-[ym\w \aKt-Xv.
kvImcw Chbvp tijw Ah An-im-e-bn hkPn]ns \mc-Z hopw {_m-hn-t\mSv tNmZnp: ""`K-Ww. {]mX--y-bn Bbncw Dcp Kmb{Xn P]nv
h, k\ym-k-hn-[n-sb-n ]d-p-X-cm Zb-hp-m-IWw''
kqtcym-]
m\w sNp-I. \m`n-hsc Pe-n \npAXp-tIv {_mhv ]dp: ""BXp-c-k-\ym-ktam {IasImv AjvS-Zn-I]
v m-e-mv ALyw \I-Ww. at{mk-\ym-ktam kzoI-cn-p-X
- n\v BZyw {]mb-n--sa
m-c-W-n-\p-tijw "A`-bw...' Fp XpS-p a{\ne-bn Ir{m-Zn{hX-f\
- p-jT
v n--Ww. ]ns tZh-m,
m BN-a\w sNbvXp ]qhm-`n-ap-J-ambn \nv ARvPaljn-am, Znhy-m, a\p-jy, `qX-, ]nXr-,
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- b
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msc Blzm\w sNbvX v tZh-{im- -n {_- mhv
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, GIm-Z-i-cp-{Z- m, ZzmZ-i m-Zn-Xy- m Fn-hsc
I--sfmw Dt]-n-n-cn-p-p.'' ]ns ZnKw-_-c-\mbn
Blzm\w sN-Ww. am\-h{- im--n k\-I, kZm-\B-hn-Nn-\w sNbvXv ssII apI-fn-te-bvmn hS, k\-XvIp-am-c, k\-p-Pm-X Ch-scbpw hnfn-p-Znp t\mn bm{X-sN-p-I.
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t\{Xm-Zn-I-fmb C{n-b--sfbpw Pcm-bp, PcmZn \mep hn[- 39. ]qhh hZzXv k\ymko tNZv Kptcmx kIm
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]nXmhv ]nXm-a-l {]]n-Xm-al
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sbpw {imw sN-Ww. ]nXmhv Pohn-n-cn-p-Ib
- m-sW- k h - ` m- \ - - k zm- \ p - ` - s s h I ] q l r Z bx
n At-l-ns {imw sNmsX Xsbpw ]nXm- ImXn Zqc-e m`x {]mWm-bma ]cm-bWx ^e-cal-sbpw {]]n-Xm- a-l-sbpw {imw sN-Ww. AjvS- k-XzIv ]{X-aq-tem-ZssIx tammo Kncn I{im-s Htc A\p-jvTm-\-ns AwK-amn Cu cv tcjp hnkr-tP-tlw kvacw kvXmc-Iw. hnhn-Znjzm
F {Ia-n {_m-Wsc Wnv Ahsc ]qPn-- k\ymko tN X]Yw KXzm BNm-cym-Zn-`nhn-ss{]Ww. AjvS {im- {]tXyIw {]tXyIw A\p-jvTn- kvXnjv T XnjvT alm-`mK ZWvUw hkv{Xw Iap ]w Xs imJ-bns] a{- aptJ\ Fp Wv U ew KrlmW {]Wh alm hmIy {KlZnh-kw-sImtm Hcp Znhkw sImtm A\p-jvTn-mw. Wmw Kpcp-\n-IS amKt XymNm-sscy ZWvU
{_mW ]qP, t`mP\w XpS-nb I--sfmw bYm- ISn kq{X Iu]o\w imSn-taImw Ia-WvUepw ]mZmhn[n ]qn-bmn ]nWvU-Zm\w sN-Ww. XmSn, aoi, Zn-a - k v X I {]am-W -a - {h-W wa kaw kuay- a -I me
\Jw Ch Dt]-n--Ww. I-n-sebpw D]--n- ]rjvTwk eWw sshWhw ZWvUt
- aI amN-a-

518

I \-]qhIw kJm-a m-tKm-] mbu Nx kJm-t b

ko{ky ht{Pmkn hm{XLv\x ia ta `h
bXv ]m]w Xn-hm-ct- bXn ZWvUw ]cn-{K-tl-K-n-h\w Poh-\m-[m-c`- qXw am tX am a{-bkz
khZm kh- k u- t ayXn {]W- h - ] qhIw IaWvUepw ]cn-Krly Iu]o-\m-[mcw ISn-kq-{X-tamanXn Kplym-m-ZIw Iu]o-\-tam-anXn ioX-hm-tXmjv W - {Xm-W -I cw tZssl-I -c - - W -t am-a nXn ISn
kq{X Iu]o\ hkv{X-am-Na
- -\]
- qhIw tbmK-]- m`n-jntm `qXzm IrXmtmlanXn aXzm kzm{iam-Nmc ]tcm-`-th-Zn-Xyp-]\
- n-j-Xv.
m\m-`n-em-j-tmsS k\ymkw kzoI-cnpIgnm \qd-Sn-\-S--Xn-\p-tijw BNm-cym-Zn-If
- psS Wa-\p-k-cnv ZWvUw, Ia-WvU-ep, hkv{Xw, Fnh kzoIcn-p--Xn-\p B sImSp-p--Xn\pw {]W-hm-Zn-a{--fpsS D]-tZiw {ihn-p--Xn\pw Ww Inn-bXns\ XpSv k\ymkn BNm-cys\ kao-]n-p-Ibpw
BNm-cy sImSp ZWvUw, Ia-WvU-ep, Iu]o-\w, Acm, Nc-Sv, ]pXv Fnh kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw sNWw. apf-h-Sn-bmWv ZWvU-ambn sImSp-p- Xv. AXv ImapX inc-p-hsc s]m-ap--Xm-bn-cn--Ww. Xpf-bn-msX
an\pan\pv t{ijv T - a mb B ZWv U w Idpp\ndapXmIcpXv. CsXmw kzoI-cn--Xn-\p-tijw BN-antXmWv. A\-cw \nn-jvT-a{w D-cnv ZWvUw
ssIbn-se-Sp-v DNn-X-amb A\p-jvTm\w \n-ln-Ww.
BN-a\w sNbvXv Xm tbmK ]m-`n-jn--\mbn Fv
hnNmcnv kzm{i- am-Nmc]c-\mbn Pohn-tXmWv. CXmWv
D]-\n-j-ns A\p-im-k-\w.

]-tam-]-tZiw
1. AY ssl\w ]nXm-alw \mcZx ]{]-, `K-h
kh I \nhIx k\ymk CXn-X zssb
thmx ]p\x kzm{i-am-Nm-c]
- tcm `th-Zn-Xyp-Nyp-tX.
XXx ]nXm-al Dhm-N. ico-cky tZlnt\m Pm{KXv
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IrXy Xp ]nXm-a-tl\
\mc-Z {_m-hn-t\mSp tNmZn-p. ""`K-h, Av
k\ymkw kh-I \nh-I-sapw AtXm-sSmw
Xs B{i-a-n-\n-W
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kpjp-]vXn, Xpcobw Fo \mev Ah-I
- -fmWp-Xv.
Ch-bn Iw m\w sshcmKyw XpSnb-h-bpsS

{]h-\hpw \S-p-p. Fm Pohn-Ifpw Cu \me-h-Is

- fbpw B{i-bnv Ah-m-\p-Iqew Pohn-p-p.
k\ym-ko, {_-Nm-cn, Krl-, hm\-{]- Ch-scsImv tkh-\ob kvam I- \nh-ln-n-pp. AXp-t]mse k\ymk-n-\-\p-Iq-e-ambn {ih-W-a-\\-\ n- Z n-[ ym-k -\ - fpw Bh-i y- a m-W v. B A`n-{ ]m-b memWv k\ymkn B{i-a
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A\p- j vT m- \ - n- e p A- c- -s f- - nbpw ]dp
XctW.''

27. k\ym- k - t `- s sZ- c m- N m- c - t `- Z . IY- a nX

tNz XkvtXzI Gh k\ymkx Am-t\\m-i - n-h -i mXv I-t em-] - - s s{X-h n- [ y- taXp
sshcmKy kw\ym-kmZv m\ k\ymtkm m\
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hn[y-ap-]m-KX kvXZy-tYXn ZpjvT-a-Z-\m-`m-th-tXn
hnj-b-ssh-jvWy-taXy {]mIv]pWy I himXv
k\ykv X x k sshcmKy k\ymko imkv { X
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- m-[t- \j-Wm, temtI-j-Wm-tI tZlhmk\mw imkv{Xhm-k \mw temI-hm-k\mw Xyzm ha-\ m- -anh
{]Ir-Xobw kh-anZw tlbw aXzm, km[\ NXpjvSb ktm bx kw\y-kyXn k Gh m\
k\ym-k n. {ItaW kh-a -`ymkn kh-a -\ p-`qb
m\ sshcm-Kym`yw kzcq-]m-\p-k
- m-t\\ tZlam-{X-hi
- n-tjSx k\yky PmX-cq-] -[-tcm-`-hXn k
m\ sshcmKy k\ymko {_-Ncyw kam]y
Krlo `qXzm hm\- { ]- m- { i- t aXp sshcmKy
k\ymkn {_-N cyw kam]y Krlo-`qXzm hm\{]-m-{i-tatXy sshcmKy `mth ]ym{ia-{I-a m\p-km-tcW bx k\ym-ky-kw-\ymkm mX-cq-] [tcm sshcm- K y- k - \ ym- k o. hnZzXv k\ymko
m\ k\ymko hnhn-Z njm k\ymko I-k\ym-ko.
{_mhv ]dp: Rm C\n k\ym-km-{ia t`Zsfn ]d-bmw. bYm-n k\ymkw Hcp {]Im-cnte Dq. ]t APvRm\w Akm-ayw Item`w Ch-bm AXn\v At\I cq]- Dm-bnpv.
sshcmKy k\ym-kw, m\k\ymkw, m\-ssh-cmKy
k\ym-kw, I k\ymkw Fns\ \mep-Xc-am-Wv.
a\-nse ZpjnX `mh\ amdn hnj-b-hn-cn hv ]qhP--kp-Ir-X
- -fmb kXvI--fpsS ^e-ambn hnc-ntbmsS k\ymkw kzoI-cn-p--h-\mWv sshcmKy k\ymkn. imkv{ X-m-\-m-t em, A\-`hPvR m\-mtem
kzm`m-hn- I-ambpw {]]--tmSp hncn tXmn-b-h-\mWv

519

I m\ k\ym-kn. tIm]w, Cujy, Akq-b, Al-mcw

Fnh tN hnizs AIn kv{Xo[-\J
- ymXn Ima\-I-fn \npw ap-\m-bn-p--h\pw tZlm ImZn-hmk-\ -I XyPn- -h -\ p-amWv m\-k -\ ym-k n. kIe
imkv{X-fpw A`y-knv A\p-`-h-m\w t\Sn m\
sshcm-Ky-m B-kz-cq-][
- ym-\]
- c
- -\mbn ZnKw-_-c-\mbn-cn-p--h sshcm-Ky-k-\ym-kn-bmWv. {_-Ncyw Ahkm-\ n- nv Krl- m-{ iaw ]cn- ] m- e nv hm\-{ ]- n\npw k\ymkw kzoI-cn--h I-k-\ym-kn-bmWv. {_-Nc
- y-n\p tijw k\ymkw ssIsImv ZnKw_-c-\m-bn-o-cp--h sshcmKy k\ym-kn. hnZzXv k\ymknsb m\ k\ym- kn- sbpw ]d-bpw. hnhn- Znjzm k\ymkn-bpsS asmcp t] I k\ymkn Fm-Wv.

8.17. I- k - \ ym- t km]n Zznhn[x \nan

kw\ymtkm A\n-an kw\ym-kt- Xn \nan-kvX zm-Xp-c x A\n-a n {Ia kw\ymkx BXpcx
kh-I tem]x {]mW tkymXv {ItaW Imek-\ymkx k \nan k\ymkx ZrVmwtKm `qXzm
khw IrXIw \izcanXn tZlm- Z nIw khw
tlbw {]m]y lwkx ipNn- j - Z z- k p- c - - c n
ktymXm thZn-j-`-Xn-Yn Zptcm-W-kXv \rj-Zz-ck- Z r- - `- thym- k - Z -_ vP m-t KmPm EXPm A{ZnPm
EXw _rlXv {_-hy-Xn-cnw khw \iz-ca
- nXn
\nn-XymtYm {ItaW bx k\y-kyXn k k\ymtkm\nan kw\ymkx
k\ymkx jUv hnt[m `hXn IpSo-NtIm _lqZtIm lwkx ]c-a-lwkx Xpco-bm-Xo-tXmAh[qX-t-Xn. IpSo-N-Ix inJmb tm]-hoXn ZWvUI-a -W vU -e p-[ cm Iu]o- \ -I - m-[ cx ]nXr amXr
Kphm-cm-Z-\-]cx ]nT-c-J-\n{X inIymZn a{-km-[\-]c GI-{Xm-m-Z-\-]cx ttXm[z ]pWv{U-[mco
{XnZWvUx _lq-ZIx inJmZn Im-[c kv{Xo]pWv{ U-[ mco ISn-N - I -h Xv kh ktam a[p Ic
h r X y mj vS I _ fmi o l wtk m P Sm- [ mc o
{Xpt{m[z-]p-Wv{U-[mco Akw-Xr]vX a[p-I-cmmio Iu]o\ JWvU[
- mco ]c-a-lwkx inJm-bb-tm-]h
- oX clnXx ] Krl-tjzI cm{Xmm-Z\ ]cx Ic-]m{Xn GI-Iu-ho-\-[mco imSo-taIm-taIw sshWhw ZWvU -ta-I -i mSn [tcm hm
`kvtam- q\ ]cx kh-X ym-K o. Xpco-bm-X otXm
tKmapJx ^em-lmco Am-lmco tNZv Krl-{Xtb
tZl- a m-{Xm- h -i njvt Sm ZnKw-_ cx IpW-] -h - -c oc
hrnIx Ah-[q-Xk
- vXz-\n-btam `nikvX-]-X nX
h\ ]qhIw kh-htjz PK-c-hr-Xym-lmc-]cx kzcq-]m\p km-\-]cx
\nan k\ym-k-sapw A\n-an kw\ym-k-sapw
I kw\ymkw cp-hn-[-n-ep-v. BXpc kw\ymkw

Xs \nan k\ymkw: {Ik-\ymkw A\n-an k\ymkw-am-Wv. tcmK-_m-[n-X\

- mbn ac-WI
- m-ev k\ymkw
kzoI-cn-p- -X mWv \nan k\ym-k w. as- m-sa- t]mse ico-chpw \iz-ca
- m-sWv km[-I Adn-bp-p.
]c-am-mhv BIm-i-k-m-cn-bmb lwk-am-W.v hkp Aco km-cn-bm-Wv. thZn-bn {]Xn-jvTn-Xa
- mb An
AXmWv: tlXmhpw AXp-X-s. Krs AXn-Yn-bmW-Xv. a\p-jy-cnepw AXv Dsm-p-p. kXy-nepw
hnin-jvS-h-kvXp--fnepw AXp-v. BIm-i
- nepw Penepw ]rYzn-bnepw hmWn-bnepw ]h-X-n-ep-samw
AXv {]I-S-am-Ip-p, AXp Xs-bmWv GIhpw ]c-ah
- pamb kXy- sav ]d-bmw. Cs\ ]c-{_w am{Xta kXyam-bn-pq Fv IcpXn {_-sam-gn-p--sXmw \iz-csap IcpXn {Ia-ambn k\ym-km-{i-a
- n {]th-in-p-h\
- mWv A\n-an kw\ym-kn. AXp-t]mse IpSo-NI _lq-ZI
- lwk, ]c-al
- w-k, Xpco-bm-Xo-X,
Ah-[q-X Cs\ k\ym-kn-am Bdv {]Im-c-n-sev
]d-b- s-Sp-p.
inJbpw btm-]-ho-Xhpw ]cn-Xy-Pn-msX ZWvUw
Ia-WvU-ep, Iew, Xq, kn Fnh kqn-p-Ibpw
a{-kn-n-bn ebn-n-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-h
- - IpSo-NI
k\ym-k nbmWv. AXn\m tizXmz ]pWv{Uhpw
{XnZWvUhpw [cn-p-p. Htc m\p \np XsbmWv `Ww Ign-p-Xv. IpSo-N-Is
- \-tm-se-Xs
inJbpw btm-]h
- o-Xhpw [cnv {Xn]p-W{v U-[m-cn-bmbn
ka-Zin-bmbn ]e hoSp-I-fn\npw `-bm-Nnv Ignp-Ibpw Fp-cp-f-am{Xw `n-p-Ibpw sNp-h
- -\m-Wv
_lp-Z-I. PSm-[m-cn-bmb Du[z-]pWv{Uw [cnv Im]o\w
XpWn `nm-]m{Xw Fnh kqn-p--h-\mWv lwk
F k\ym-kn.
inJbpw kq{Xhpw [cn-msX Ap hoSp-I-fn
\npw `n-bm-Nnv Hmtcm cm{Xn-bnepw `Ww Ign-p-h-\mWv ]c-al
- w-k. ]m{X-ns m\v ssI D]tbm-Kn-p-p. AXp-sImv Abmsf Ic-]m{Xn Fp
]d-bm-dp-v. Hcp Iu]o-\w, Hcp ]pX-v, apf-hSn Fnh
[cn-pw. kh ]cn-Xym-Kn-bmb Cbm `kva-te-]-\-X-Xv]c-\m-Wv.
Inp--sXtm AXp-sImv Xr]vXn-s-Sp--h-\mWv
Xqco-bm-XoX k\ym-kn. Abm BtcmSpw Hpw bmNnn-. ^em-lm-cw am{X-a mWv `Ww. aqp hoSp-Ifn\np am{Xw Aw kzoI-cn- pw. ZnwKw-_ -cXzw
ssIsm-p-p. bmsXmcp hn[-n-ep _hpw am\nm--h-\mWv Ah-[q-X. If-n-Xcpw ]Xn-X-cp-am-m-h-cn \nv Fp Inptm AXv kzoI-cnv AP-K-ch
- rn-bn AXm-bXv Hcn-Sp InSv ASp-p-hp Inp
Cc am{Xw Ign-p s]cp-m-ns kz`m-h-tmsS Ignbp--h-\mWv Ah-[q-X.

520

I 18. BXptcm PohXn tNXv {Ia-k-\ymkx Ihyx

IpSo-N I _lq-ZI
- -lw-km\mw {_-Ncym {iam-ZnXp-co-bm-{i-a-hXv IpSo-N-Im\mw k\ymk hn[nx ]ca-lw-km-Zn-{Xm-bmWmw \ ISn kq{Xw \ Iu]o\w
\ hkv { Xw \ Ia- W v U - e p \ ZWv U x- k h
hssI ss`m-S\ ]cXzw PmX-cq-] -[ -c Xyw
hn[nx k\ym-kI
- mte ]yew_pn ]cy a[oXy
XZ-\-cw ISn-kq{Xw Iu]o\w ZWvUw hkv{Xw
Ia-WvUew kh-a]vkp hnkr-PymY PmX-cq-][
- c
- -tc Im-thtim \mt[yX thym \ t{imXhy-a-\yXv InnXv {]W-hm-Z\yw \ Xw ]tT
i_vZa
- ]n _rl-_
- vZm \ A[ym-]-tb alZzmtNm hnm-]\w Kncm-] m-W y-Zn\m kw`m-jWw
\m\y-kvamXv hm hnti-tjW \ iq{X-kv{Xo-]X
- ntXm-ZIym kw`m-jWw \ b tX tZh ]qPm-t\m-hZ- i\w Xo-bm{Xm hrnx

IpSo-NI k\ymkn Hcn-Sp \np am{Xta `nWw

kzoI-cn-m-hq. _lp-Zp-I A\n-n-X--fmb Krl-fn\nv Blmcw Ign--Ww. lwk k\ymkn Fp hoSpI-fn\npw Hmtcm Dcp-f-tm-dp am{Xw kzoI-cn-mhpXmWv. ]c-al
- w-k Ap {Kl--fn \npw AbmfpsS ssIhiw ]m{X-sampw ]mSpX-. ssIXs
]m{Xw. Xpco-bm-Xo-X Inp--sX-m-bmepw kzoI-cnv
Xr]vXn-t\-S-Ww. k\ymkn cm{Xn-bn Hcm-fpsS hon Xmakn--cp-X.v Bscbpw \a-kvI-cn-c
- p-X.v Xpco-bm-Xo-X\
- nepw
Ah-[q-X\
- nepw hen--s-dp--an-.

{]mb-n IqSn-b-h\pw hen-bh Xs Bm-\a

- n-m--h\
- mWv sNdn-b-h. ]pg \on-S- -pI
ac-n Ib-dp-I, bm{Xbvv hml-\-ap-]-tbm-Kn-p-I, {Ibhn-{IbwsNp-I,- Al--cn-p-I, AkXyw ]d-bpI Chsbmw k\ym-knv tbmPn--X-. a\-\-n-\p-am-{Xta
k\ym-kn--[n- Im-c-ap- q.

tcmKm-\mb hyn k\ymkw ssIh-cn--Xn-\ptijw acn-n-s-n Abm hn[n-{]-Imcw {Ia-kw-\ymkw

kzoI-cn-p-X
- m-Wp-Nn-Xw. IpSo-N, _lq-Z-I, lwk
Fo aqn-hn-`m-K-n s] k\ym-kn-amv {_-Ncyw, Kml-yw, hm\-{]w Fo {Ia-n \memas B{iaw hn[n-n-cn-p-p. ]c-al
- w-k, Xpco-bmXo-X, Ah- [q-X, Cu aqp Iqv ISn- kq-{Xw, ZWvUw,
Ia-WvU-ep, hkv{Xw apX-em-b-hsbmpw Bh-iy-an-.
Ahv \-cmbn Ncnv Fm PmXn-bn s]-h-cp-sSbpw
Krl-- fn\nv `n bmNn-m kzmX-{y-ap-v. kymkkzo-I- c-W- n B-kw-Xr-]vXn-hsc A[y-b\w XpS-cWw
]ns Iu]o-\hpw IqSn kq{Xhpw Pe-n Fdn-b-Ww.
\-s\-n AwK-hkv{Xw ]mSn-. A[y-b\w {]h-N\
- m-Zn{i-hWw Ch ]mSpX-. {]Whw am{Xw P]n-mw. hrYmem]w ]mSn. lkvX-ap-{Z-bn kw`m-jW
- hpw A\p-h-Z-\ob-a. cP-kz-e-bp-ambn kw`m-j-W-a-cp-Xv. Xom-S\w tZh]qP D-h-Zi\w Fn-hbpw bXnv \njn--am-Ip-p.

22. BXpc IpSo-N-I-tbm`q-temtIm _lq-ZI

- ky
kz-t emtIm lwkky Xt]m-temIx ]c-a-l wkky kXy- t emIx Xpco- b m- X o- X m- h - [ q- X tbmx
kzm-t\yh ssIheyw kzcq-]m-\p-k-m-t\\ {`ac-IoS \ymb-a-hX
- v. bwbw hm ]n kvac `mhw XyPXyt Itf-_cw XwX-tah kam-]vt\mXn \m\yYm
{ipXn-i m- k-\w.

19-21. ]p\b-Xn-hn-tijw IpSo-N-Iky GI{X

`nm _lq-Z-I ky Akw-I vW p]vX w am[p-I -cw,
lwkky Ajv S-K r-tljp Ajv S-I-hfw ]c-a-lwkky ] - K rtKjp Ic- ] m{Xw ^em- l mtcm
tKmapJw Xpco-bm-Xo-Xky Ah-[q-Xky AP-K -c hr-nE kmh-h-tIjp bXn. \ GI-cm{Xw
htkXv \ Ikym ]n \ta-Xv. Xpco-bm-XoXm-h-[p-Xtbm \ tPyjv t Tm tbm \ kzcq- ] x k
tPyjvtTm ]n I\njvt Tm lkvXm`ymw \Zyp-cWw \ IpcymXv \ hr-am-tcm-tlXv \ bm\-[ncqtUm \ {Ib-hn-{I-b-]tcm \ InnXv hn\n-ab
]tcm \ Zmw`ntIm \m\r-Xh
- mZo \ btXx-InwNnXv
I I-hy-akvXn tNXv kmwIcyw Xkvam a\
\mZu k\ymkn \ma-[n-Imcx

23. XtZhw mXzm kzcq-]m-\p-k

- m\w hn\m
A\yYm BN-c-]tcm \`-h-t-Zm-Nm-ch
- i
- m-
- tmI {]m]vX nx m\-s sh-cm-K y-k - - -k y-k zkvan-th apn-cnXn \ kh{X BNm-c{- ]-k
- n.
XZm- N m- c x Pm{KXv Imte hniz kz]v \ Imte
ssXPkx kpjp-]vXn-Imte {]mx Ah-m-t`Zm-Zh
- t Cuizc t`Zx Imcy-tZ-ZmXv Imc-W-t`Zx
Xmkp NXpZi Imc-Wm\mw _mly-hr-ntbm
A h r- bx tXj mw D] m- Z m\ I mc Ww
hrbx NXzmcx at\m- _ pn cl- m-c - nw
tNXn XZv hrn hym]m-ct- `-Z\ ]rY-Km-Nm-c-t`Zx

BXpc k\ym-knbpw IpSo-N-Ik

- -\ym-knbpw `qtemI-sbpw `qhtem-I-sbpw {]m]n-p-XmWv. _lpZ-I\v kz-tem-Iw, lwk\v Xt]m-tem-Iw, ]cm-lw-k
kXy- tem-Iw, Xpco- bm-Xo-X\pw Ah- [q-X\pw kzw Bmhn Xs ssIh-ey-{]m-]X
v nv A[n-Im-cn-I-fm-Ipp. {`ac-Io-S-n-s\mw kzcq-]m-\p-k-m\w sNp Ch kzcq]-s-s {]m]n-p-XmWv. a\p-jy acn-p-tm
GtXXp `mh-s-bmtWm Nnn-p-Xv Ah AtX
cqX-s - s {]m]n-p- p-s hv {ipXn imk-\-apmbnpv.

Cs\ [cnv kzcq-]m-\p-k-m\w Dt]-nv ap

hnj-b-n hym]-cn--cp-Xv. ]e-hn[ BNm-c-m AX-

521

I \p-k-cnv {]hn-t-n-h-cpw.

m\-ssh-cm-Ky-[\
- \mb k\ym-kn-bpsS apn Xn XsbmWv. Xs
BN-c-W
- n \nv hnp-amdn ap-h kzoI-cn-m-Xn-cnp-X
- m-Wv- DNn-Xw. Pm{KXv kz]v\k
- p-jp]vXn aqnepw
k\ym-knv kmam-\y-`m-h-ambncnWw AXn-s\-s
Pm{K-{Z-h--bn hnizw Fpw kz]v\m-h--bn ssXPk-sapw kpjp-]X
v n-bn {]m-sapw ]d-bp-Xv GItZiw Hp-X-sbmWv. Imcy-t`Zw Xs-bmWv Imc-W-t`Zw. ]Xn-mep Imc-W
- -fp _mlyhpw B-co-Ih
- pamb hrn-Iv ImcWw Hp-Xs
- bmWv. a\v,
_pn, Al-m-cw, Nnw Ch \mepw _mly-hr-n-IfmIpp. Fm hr-n-I-fp-sSbpw kz`m-h-n\p tbmPn
BN-c-W-m Hmtcm t`Zw Dm-Ip-p.

25. t\{Xw PmK-cnXw hnZymXv IWvtT-kz]v\w

kam-h-]n-i-Xv.
kpjp]vXw lrZ-bw Xp Xpcob
aq[v\n kwnXw
Pm{K-Z-h--bn hnizw t\{X-nepw kz]v\m-h-bn ssXPkw IWvT - nepw kpjp-] vXm-h- -bn
{]mw lrZ-b-nepw Xpcobw apm-hnepw nXn-sNp-XmWv.

26. Xpcobw A-ca

- nXn mXzm PmK-cntX kpjp]vXy-h-m-]\m Ch bZy-Xv{ipXw bZyXv ZrjvSw
XXv khw Ahn- m-Xa
- n-htbm htkXv Xky
kz]v\m-h
m-bm-a]n XmZr-Kh m `h-Xn. k Pohp CXn hZ-n. kh {ipXyY {]Xn-]m-Z\
- a]n Xssky-ha
- pn cnXn. `npx \ sFln-Im-apjvan-Im-t]x bZy]n At]-mkvXn XZ-\p-cqt]m
`hXn kzcq-]m\p km \ hyXn-cn-m-\y, imkvXcm`ym sskcpjv {Sm Ipp-a-`m-c -hXv hytm \
tbmK imkv { X- { ]- h rn \ kmwJy imkv {Xm`ymtkm \ a{-X { hym]mc; CXc imkv{X
{]hrnx btX-c-kvXn-tNXv ihm-e
- mc hXv NImc hZXn hnZq-c-Im-Nmc hnZym Zqtcm \ {]Wh
Io-\]
- tcm bZyXv I ItcmXn XXv ^ea-\ p-` -h Xn GZ-c -W vU-s sX-e -t^\ hZXx khw
]cnXy Py XXv {]kw at\m-ZWvUw Ic-]m{Xw
ZnKw-_cw ZrjvSzm ]cn-{h-tPXv `npx _mtem--]n-im-N-h-c
- -Ww. PohnXw hm\ ImwtX Imetah {]Xn-tX \nt-i-`r-XI
- -\ym-tb\ ]cn-{hmUn-Xn.
Pm{KXv XpS- nb Ah--I {]Im-in-n- p
Xpcob kzcq-]a
- mb A-c{- _w Xm Xs-bm-sW-dn-bp--h Pm{K-nepw kpjp-]vXn-bnse {]hrn Xs
sNp-p. Abm tIXpw IXpw tIm-Xpw
ImWm-Xpw t]mse Icp-Xp-p. kz]v\m-h--bnepw
AtX cq]-n Xs C-s\-bp--hs\ m\n-I

Poh- p--s \p IcpXp- p. {ipXn-I-sfmw Ahs

apn-sb-n ]d-bp-p. bYm k\ym-knv sFlnI
hnj-b
- -fn B{K-l-an-mh-\mWv. Abm ]mc-{XnI
hnj-b-fpw B{K-ln-p-h\-. kzkz-cq-]m-\p-k-m\w
shSnv ap imkv{X-. A`y-kn-m Hcp-s-Sp-Xv
H-I -ns ]pdv Ipp-a -ns NpaSv tIp- -X pt]mse Xs. k\ymkn tbmK-ntem kmwJy-ntem
Hpw hym]-cn-t-X
- n-. a{-X{- m-Zn-If
- nepw Ah
GstS-X
- n-. ap imkv{X- k\ym-knsb kw_n-n-S-tmfw ihs B`-c-W-a-Wn-bn-p--Xp-t]m-sebm-Wv. N-Im-c-s\-tmse Zqscbncpv I-hn-Zym-Nm-c-fn \nv hnap-\
- m-I-Ww. {]Whpw D-n D-cnt-Xn. Xm sNbvX I- Bh-W-s--bnse
\pc-t]mse \nm-c-ambn Icp-tXXmWv. B-hn-Nn-\-am-I Ww Ahs ]c-a -e- yw. ZnKw-_ c k\ymkn
BZim-\p-cq]w {]hr-nv _me, {`m, ]nimNv
Fn-h-sc-tmse Pohn-Xtam ac-Wtam B{K-ln-c
- p-Xv.
`rXy bP-am-\ s B-sb-sb--t]mse Abm
Cuiz-tc-b
- n {i sNepn {]hn-t-XmWv.
CXm-bn-cn-Ww D-a-\mb k\ym-kn-bpsS Nnm-K-Xn.

27. XnXnm PvRm\ sshcmKy iamZn

KpW-hPnXx
`nm-am-t{XW Poho-kymXv kb-XnbXn
hr-n-lm.
28. \ ZWvU[
- m-c-tW\ \ apWvU-t\\
\thtj W \ Zw`m-Nm-tc-W-apnx
29. m\-ZWvtUm [rtXm tb\ GI ZWvUo
k DNy-tX.
ImjvTZWvtUm [rtXm tb\ khmio
m\-hPnXx
30. kbmXn \c-Im tLmcm alm-cu-ch
kwvRn-Xm
{]XnjvTm kpIco hnjvTm kam-[o\ aljn `nx
Xkvam-tZ\mw ]cn-XyPy IoS-hXv ]cy-tSXv bXnx
31. Abm-NnXw bYm-em`w t`mP-\m-m-Z\w `thXv
]tc-bm N ZnKzmkm kv\m\w IpcymXv ]tc-bm
32. kz]vt\]n tbm ln bpx kymm
{KXo-h-hn-ti-jXx
CuZr-IvtNjvSx kvarXx t{ijvtTm hcnjvtTm
{_-hm-Zn-\mw.
33. Atemt` \ hnjm-Zo-kymXv emt`-ssNh
\lj-tbXv
{]mW bm{Xn-Ia
- m{Xx kymm{Xm kwKm-Zzn-\nKXx
34. A`n-]q-PnX emw`mw PqKp-]vtk\
ss\h-khix

522

I A`n-]q-PnX emss`-kvXp-b-Xn

`qtym]n
_[y- tX.

k\ymkn `n kzoI-cn-m-hq. ASp-nse Xo AW-Xn-\p-tijw Fm-h-cp-tSbpw Blmcw Ign--Xn-\p-tijw

`n-bm-Nn-mw. PohnX hrnsb Dt-in-p-am-{Xta `n
XnXn-, m\w, sshcmKyw iaw Zaw apX-emb
tNmZn-m-hq. kzw ssIam{Xw `nm ]m{X-am-Ip
t{ijvT KpW- sf k\ymkn ssIsm- -Ww. Ch
k\ymkn hopw hopw `n tNmZn-c
- pXv. Inp-Xv
shSnv DZ-c]
- q-cW
-
- n\v `nm-hrn \S-p--h
\np-sImtm \S-p-sImtm `n- mhp-X -mWv.
k\ymk hrnsb \in- n- p- p. tIhew intcm
ssIbn-en-cn-p Blmcw Xont shw IpSn-mapWvU\w sImtm ZWvU-[m-cn-bm- b-Xp-sImtm tamw
hq. kap- {Zstmse k\ymkn [rX-a-cym-Z- \m- tI- XmWv.
e`n-n-. m\ ZWvU-ap--h\
- mWv ZWvUn. a\-n
bYm k\ym-kn-I alm-i-b-mcpw BZn-Xy-s\-tmse
]e B{K-l-fpw \nd-n-cn-s, m\-lo- \-X-bn apf\nn-Xa
- m-n k-cn-p--h-cp-am-W.v kIe PohnhSn [cnv \mSyw \Sn-p-h
- tLmc-\-cI
- -n\v A[nI-sfbpw kam-\-`m-h-n ImW-Ww. \nn-X-m-cpsS KrlIm-cn-bm-Ip-p. ]n-bpsS ae-sa--t]mse shdp-t--fn \nv `n hm-cp-Xv. hmXn AS-n-n-cn-p
XmWv Ion-sbv aljn-am ]d-bp-p. AXn-\m
hon `nbvv sN-cp-X.v BUw-_c
- -an-m Ffnb
Hcp k\ym-kn-bpsS Ihyw {]XnjvT Dt]-n-p-IKrl-ntem hr- p- h-ntem Ign- p-Iq- Smhp--XmWv. \sb--Xm-Wv. A`n-am-\-c-ln-X-\mbn IoS-s-tmse ksbpw Xn-sb-p-ap t`Z-_pn ssIhn-tS--Xm-Wv.
cn-W
- w. ZnKw-_c k\ymkn Hcm-tfmSpw Hpw Bh-iys-S-cp-Xv. Inp--Xn kwXr-]vXn-s Ime-bm-]\w sN- 41. b{Xm-kvX-an-X-im-bo-kym-n-c-n-c-\n-tI-X\x
Ww. ap--hc
- psS \nt-i{- ]-Imcw Ipfnmw; hkv{Xhpw bYm-e-_t
v [m-]-Pohn kymp-\n Zmtm PntX-{nbx
[cn-mhp-XmWv. kz]v\
- nepw Pm{K-Z-h
-b n-se-42. \njv{Iay h\-am-mb m\ btm Pntbt]mse s]cp-am-dm Ign-b-Ww. A-s\-bp--h {_{nbmx
m-\n-If
- n D-a-scv ]d-b-s-Sp-p. `n Inm-Xncn-p-tm ZpxJn-p-Itbm Inptm ktm-jn-p- Ime-Imwo Nc-th {_-`q-bma Iev]tX
- Xn tbm ap\nx
Itbm sN-m ]mSn. PohnXw ]pem thn-am{Xw 43. A`bw kh-`q-tXt`ym ZXzm-Nc
`n-tX-Smhq. _lp-am\w e`n-p-X
- n DZm-ko-\-\m-I- \ Xky kh `qtXt`ym `b-ap-Zv]Z
- ytX IzNnXv
Ww. am\m-]-am\ i_vZ-fn Bk--\mb k\ymkn 44. \nm- \ - m- \ - l w- I mtcm \nZz n
ap-\m-bmepw _-\
- n s]Sp-p.
kwibx

35. {]mW-bm{Xm \nanw N hywKmtc

`p-h-t\
Imte-{]-ikvtX hm\mw `nmw
]cy-tSXv Krlm
36. ]mWn-]m-{X--c tbmKo \mk-IrXv
ss`-am-N-tcXv
XnjvT ]pWvPymXv Nc `pRvPymXv
at[y-\m-N-a\w XYm
37. A_v[n-hXv [rX acymZm `hn hni-Zm-ibmx
\nbXnw \ hnap-n almtm `mkvIcm bYm
38. Btky\ Xp bZm-lmcw tKmh arK-btX ap\nx
XZm kax-kymXv kthjp tkmSar
XXzmb Iev]tX
39. A\nyw ssh{h-tPXv tKlw \nyw tKlw
Xph-t bXv
A\m-hrtX hnti-Zzmcn tKtl ss\hm
-hrtX {htPXv
40. ]mwkp\m N {]Xn- iq\ym Kmc {]Xn-{ibx
hr-aqe \ntItXm hm Xy-kh {]nbm {]nbx
Da PmXn- bns]--h-cpsS hoSp-I-fn \np am{Xta

ss\h-{Ip-yXn \ tZzjvSn \m\rXw `mj-tX-Kncm

45. ]pWym-b-X\ Nmco N {`mXm\m ahn lnwk Ix
Imte {]m]vtX `thZv ss`w Iev]ytX {_`q- b tk
46. hm\-{] Krl- m`ymw \ kwkr tPyX
Iln-Nn-Xv. Am-XN
- cymw e]vtkyX \ ssN\w
lj Bhn-tkXv
A[zm-kq-tcyW \nnjvSx IoS-hZv hnN-tc low.
FhnsS kqcy AkvX-an-p-p, AhnsS InS-p-d-Ww. kz-ambn Krlm-Zn-I \nn-p-Itbm An
kqn-p-Itbm sN-cp-Xv. Fp Inptm AXp `nv
kwXr- ]X
v n-tbmsS C{n- b- \nb-{nv Ign-b-Ww. Krlw
hnv Imn Ign-tbXmWv. kwb-tX-{n-b-\mbn PvRm\]q-\mbn Imew {]Xo-n-p Ign-b-Ww. A-s\-bp
k\ymkn {_-`mhw {]m]n-p-p. kIe Pohn-Ipw
A`bw \In Pohn-p--h\v Hcp Pohn-bn \npw `bap-m-In-. {]Xn-jvTbpw Al-m-chpw shSn-p, ZzmzmXo-X-\mbn kIe kwi-b-fpw hnv, t{Im[-tZz-jm-Zn-c-lnX-\m-bn, AkXyw ]d-bm-sX, D-a-am-n k-cnv, Inp--Xn kwXr-]vX\
- m-bn, Alnwk ]men-p
k\ymkn {_-temI-n\v A[n-Im-cn-bm-Ip-p. k\ymknv hm\-{]--t\mSpw Krl-m-{i-an-tbmSpw _w

523

I ]mSpX-. Xs Pohn-XN- -cy-I Ign-hXpw cl-ky-amn

shbvW
- w. ljm-th-i
- -S-an-s-S-cp-Xv. kqcy-\nnjvS-amb am-n-eqsS Hcp IoS-sa hn[w k-cn-Ww.

47. Biop- m\n Im-W n- l n-k m-b p- m\n

bm\n N
temI-kw-{K-lb
- p-m\n ss\h Ipcy Imc-tb-Xv.
48. \mkXv imkvt{Xjp ktX t\m] PnthX
Pohn-Imw.
AXn-hmZmw kvX ytPXv Xm ]w IwN\
\m{i-tbXv
49. \injym-\-\p-_
- nX {Kmmss hm`y-tkXv
_lq.
\hym- J ym- a p]bpRv P oX \mcw- ` m\m \mct`Xv
IznNnXv
50. Ahy enwtKm hymt ap\n-cp-
- _m-e -hXv
Ihnaq-I-h-Zm-m\w XZv ZrjvSym Zi-tb-rWmw
51. \Ip-c ym--h-tZXv InnXv \[ym-tbXv km[zkm[p hm
Bm-cmtam \bm hrym hnN-tc Uh-p\nx
52. GI--tc-l
- o-taXmw \nx kwKx kwb-tX-nb
B-{IoUx B-cXn cm-hm ka-Zi\x
53. _pt[m _me IhXv {IotUXv Ipitem PUh-t- c-Xh tZZp--h
- -Zzn-Zzm tKmNcyw ss\K-a-tc-Xv.
54. n]vtXm ham\ntXm kZv` nx
{]ey_vt [m kqbntXm ]nhm
XmUn-Xx-k
- n-cptm hm hrXym hm ]cn-lm-]nXx
hnjvTntXm aq{XntXm hmss _lp-ss[hw {]Iev]nXx t{ib-kvImax It-KX B-\m-m-\-ap--tc-Xv.

56. kwam-\\w ]mcw lm\nw, tbmKt IpcptX

bXx
Pt\-\m-ha
- tXm tbmKo tbmK knnw N hnXn
57. bYm Ntc-Xssh tbmKo kXmw [ a Zqjb P\m-b-Ym-ha
- -t\y-c Kt-bp
58. Pcm-bp-Pm-WvUP
- m-Zo\mw hmMva\x Imb-I`nx
bpx Ipho\ \t{Zmlw kh-kw-Kmw-h
- tb-Xv.
Ima\, lnwk, {]m]-nI hkvXp- t\Sm-\p
tamlw Chsb kw_-n-p I- kw\ymkn
Dt]-n-Ww. ap- -h-sc-smv sNn-pIbp-acp-Xv.

kXy-c-ln-X-am-n a\v \bn-c

- p-Xv. {Ib-hn-{Ib
hmWnPy hyh-km-bm-Zn-If
- n GsS-cp-Xv. Bh-iy-n-e[nIw kwkm-cn--cp-Xv. injy-msc Gsd km-Zn- p-Itbm
Gsd {K- ]Tn-n-ptbm Acp-Xv. Hcp {K-n\pw
hymJym-\-sa- gpXn kzaXw m]n--cp- X.v {]kn-nv sRcp-cp-Xv . kzw B{i-a- Hcp hntij Nnhpw
m]n--cp-Xv. A\y-cpsS apn D-t\m _met\m
Am-\ntbm t]mse s]cp-am-d-Ww. hnZzm-s\-nepw au\hrXw kzoI-cn-W
- w. ap--h-cpsS CwKn-Xt- mSp tNcWw. a\-n \ Xn-Iv CS-sm-Sp--cp-Xv. IgnhXpw GI-\mbn k-cn--Ww. Bscbpw Iqp-Im-c-\m-cp-Xv. thZ-s
- \-nepw \nn-Im-c-\m-I-Ww. ZpjvS-m
\nan--ap-m-Ip anYym-h-tcm-]m-Zn-Isf im-Nn--\mbn
kln-W
- w. Ah D]-{Z-hn-mepw tm`w ssIsm-cp- X v . Am- \ n- I F{X- a m{Xw A]- a m- \ nmepw
AsXms kln-W
- w. ZpxJm-h-b
- n Btm-m-cW-n\v bXv\n--Ww. ap--hc
- n \np Inp _lpam\w Xt]m-\p-jT
v m-\-n\v hnLv\s
- av a\-n-em--Ww.
hn]-coX I--fm k\ymk [-n\v Ifw hcp-cp-Xv. Xm\p-ambn Bfp-I kw XpS-cm-\m-{K-lnp hn[w {]hn- m-Xn-cn- -Ww. hmv, a\-v,
Iw, icocw Ch-bm Hcp Pohn-tbmSpw hntZzjw `mhn-cp-Xv. bmsXmcphn[ {]tem-`-\--fnepw s]S-cp-Xv.

59. Ima-t{Im[u XYm Z tem`-lm-Z-b tb

XmwkvXp tZmjm]-cn-XyPy ]cn-{hmUv
`b hPnXx
60. ss`m-i\w N au\-\nXzw Xt]m-[ym\w
hnti-j Xx
kay-Ivm\w N sshcmKyw [tm bw
`np-t I-aXx
61. Imjmb hmkx kXXw [ym\-tbmK ]cm-bWx
{Kmamt hr-aqte hm hmk-thm etb ]nhm
62. ss`yW h-tb-nXyw ss\I, mio
`thXv Iz NnXv
Nn ipn `th-Zym-hXv Xmh-nXyw
NtcXv kp[ox
63. XXx-{]-{hPy ipmm ktc Zy{X Ip{XNnXv
_ln-c
- kh{X kw]-iy ln P\m-\w.
64. kh{X hnN-c au\o hmbp-hZv hoX
Ijx ka
ZpxJ-kpI mtm lkvX {]m]vXw N `-tbXv
65. \nssh-tcW kaw ]iy ZznP-tKmiz arKm
Znjp `mh-b a\km hnjvWp ]c-amm
\an-iz-cw.

524

I 66.

N n bw ] c - a m- \ w {_ s s - h m- l - a nX n
kvacm-ssXzhw at\m-ZWvUw [rXzm Bim\n-hrtm _qXzm Bimw-_c
- -[tcm `qXzm, khZm-a-t\m-hm- mb Ia`nx kh-kw-km-c -ap- rPy
{]]-m-hmMv apJx kzcq-]m-\p-k-m-t\\ {`a-c-IoS
h\ym-tb\ `h-Xo-Xyp-]-\n-j-v.

{_tXn hyh- l - tcXv Inp {_m-l -k va o- X zP{kw Pm{KXv kz]v \ kpjp- ] vX njp Xpco- bmhmw {]m]y Xpco-bmXn XXzw {htP-Xv...

himXv {`ac IoS-\ ym-b-h Xv XZ-`ymkx IY-a nXn

Xaml ]nXm- a lx kXy hmKv m- \ - s shcm
Kym`yw hnin-jvS-tZ-lm-hi
- njvtSm htk-Xv.

3. Znhm Pm{K-w kz]v\ kpjp-]vXa

- -cm{Xw
KX-an-tXy-Im-h -bmw NXt{km Ah- mkvX p
GssI-I-I-c-Wm-[o-\m-\mw. NXpZi Ic-Wm\mw
hym]mc Np-Tc
- m-Zo-\mw. Nqtjm cp]-{K-lWw
t{im{Xtbmx i_vZ{- K-lWw Pnlzmbmx ckm-kzmZ\w {]mWky K - { K- l Ww hNtkm hmKv
hym]mcx ]mtW-cm-Zm\w ]mZtbmx kwNmc ]mtbmcpXv k D]--kym-\
- {- K-lW
- w. XzNx kv]i
{KlWw XZ-[o\m N hnj-b-{K-la _pnx _py
_pyXn Nnt\ tNX-bXn Alw-Imtc Wmlw
ItcmXn hnkrPy Poh GXm tZlm-`n-a m-t\\
Pothm `h-Xn. Krlm-`n-am-t\\ Krl Ch icotc
Pohx kwN-cX
- n. hmKvZte ]pWym-hrn cmtmw
\n{Zm-ek
- ymu Zn-Wmbmw {Iucy-_p-n ss\EXw ]m]-_pnx ]nta {IoUm-cX
- n hmbhymw
Kat\ _pn-c p- tcimn cokmt\ m\w
IWn-Imbmw sshcmKyw tIktcjp B-Nn
CtXyhw h{w, mXzm.

Ah-injvS icocw m\-am-Wv. AXns {]mW

sshcm-Ky-hpw. iaw, Zaw Ch t\{X--fn-ep-am-Ip-p. ipamb a\v; apJw; _pn; Ie; Ah-b-h-, Av
kw\ymkn Imat{Im[mZn-I ssIhnv \n`-b-\m-I- mt\-{n-b-, Ap It-{n-b- ]-{]m-WWw. `nm-hr-n-sImp e`n-p Blmcw Ign-Ww. Ap hnj-b- \mev Ax-I-c-W- Hcp {]IrX]-v, a\-\m-h-ew-_-\w, m\m-t\z-j-Ww, hncn Ch- Xn. Cs\ BsI Ccp-]-n-bv AwK-. Pm{K-Xv,
v n, Xpco-bw, Xpco-bm-XoXw Fo Av
bn a\pd-bv-W
- w. Ijm-b-hkv{X[mcn-bmbn {Kmam-- kz]v\w, kpjp-]X
c--fntem hr-aq-e
- -fntem tZhm-e-b--fntem Xma-kn- Ah-I At-l-ns ]-`q-X--fm-Ip-p. Iw,
m-hp-XmWv. kabw IqSp-Xepw [ym\-n hn\n-tbm- `n, m\w, sshcm-Kyw, Fo \memWv imJ-I.
Kn--Ww. `nm-
- m Ign-pIqS-Ww. Hcp Krl- ta kqNn-n ]Xn-mep Ic-W- Nfn-bn \n
s Krl-n \np-Xs `Ww kzoI-cn--cp-Xv. p _e- an-m XqWp- I t]mse- bm-Wv. ka- \mb
B{i-am-\p-Iq-e-am-b-Ncy Ax-I-c-W-ns ipo-I-cWw \mhn-I Nfn-bn Dd \uIsb amn bYm PeCh thWw. kI-e-]m] hnj-b--fn \npw ap-\m- am- n-se- n-p--Xp-t]mse kwkm-c-k m-K-c--fn-pI-Ww. kpJ-Zpx-J
- sf ka-ambn Icp-XW
- w. am-io-e- n ]pX Poh-\m-Ip \uIsb t{ijvT-_p-n- bm
- vs-n-tXpv. m\-amb icocw e`n
\mIWw. {_m-W, ]ip, IpXn-c, Pp- Fmw adp-I-cb
Xpey \ne-bn ImW-Ww. Xm {_w Xs-sb `mh- km[-I Xn\npw hyXn-cn--amb Fm hkvXp- -fm-sWpw a\\-bn Cuiz-cs\ kh-Im-an-\n-hn-ap-\pw Znlw_c\pw fpw Iev]n-X--fm-sWpw A\-iz-c
- w. Bma\kmhmNmI-Wm, {]]-w kmc-lo-\s
- av KWn- n-emn XnXs {_-`mhw shbvW
p--h\pw {`a-c-I o-S-\ym-tb\ kzkz-cq]w Adn-bp- - h-msX asmpw Adn-bm tbmKy-a-sv a\-n-em-h\pamb k\ymkn apn {]m]n-p-XmWv Fv D]-\n- Ww. Xm {_-n \npw `n-\m-sWv hnNm-cncp-Xv. Rm {_m-amWv F `mh\ Fpw thWw. Pm{Kjv A\p-im-kn-p-p.
Xv, kz]v\w, kpjp-]vXn, Xpcobw Fo Ah-I
-
Bdmw Aymbw
XcWw sNbvXn-p tbmKn Xpco-b-Xo-Xm-h
-bn-se-p1. AY \mcZx ]nXm-al aphmN `K-h, XZ-`ymk XmWv.

]ns \mc-Z {_m-hn-t\mSv tNmZn-p. `K-h,

{`acw IoS-\ym-tb\ kz kzcq]w Adn--Xn\p tijw
tamw e`n-p kzcq]w Adn-bm-\p A`ym-k-samWv? {_mhp ]dp: k\ymkn kXyw ]d-b-Ww,
PvRm\-ssh-cm-Ky--fm ico-c-n A\m-kn hln-Ww. hnIm-c-ap--amb ico-c-n Ign-b-Ww.

2. m\w icocw sshcmKyw Poh\w hnn imn

Zmn t\t{X at\m-apJw _pnx Iem ]-hnwiXn XXzm-\y-h-b-hm, Ahm ]alm-`q-Xm\m
Ia-`n m\ sshcmKy imJm Pm{KXv kz]v\
kpjp]vXn Xpco-bm--XpZi Ic-Wm-\n. ]-kvXw`m-Im-cm-Wn-Xn. Gh-a] \mh-aXn ]w I-[mc
Ch bth KPw kz _pym-hio IrXy kzhyXn-cnw khw IrXIw \iz-ca
- nXn aXzm hncx
]pcpjx khZm {_ml anXn hyh-lm-cm-m-\yXv
InwNnXv thZn- X hyw kzhyXn tctIW Poh
aptm htkXv IrX-I rtXym `h-Xn. \ \mlw

Pm{K-m-Ip Zn\hpw kz]v\a

- m-Ip cm{Xnbpw
kpjp-]vXn-bm-Ip A-cm-{Xnbpw Cu aqp Ah--

525

I Ifpw Xpco-b-\nepw Xpco-bm-Xo-X\- nepw nXn-sN-p-p.

h IqSn-bp-v. hnizw ssXP kw{]mw XSw Fna\-v, _pn, Nnw, Al-mcw Fo \men\pw hi- h-bm Htc Bm-hp-Xs \mep-hn-[-nemIpp. AXnn-ep t\{Xw XpS-nb ]Xn-mev Ic-W--fp-v. \m Htc Hcp {_-sapw kh-km-n-sbpw kXzmt\{Xw cq]s {Kln-p-p. sNhn i_vZs; ssII Zn-Kp-W
- smw AXo-X-s\pw AXns\ Icp-X-Ww.
hkvXp-sf FSp-pp; Imep-I sImp \S-p-p; As-n Pm{K-Zm-Zn-\m-e-h-I
- pw Dn HmtcmKpZw ae-hn-k\w sNp-p. D]w B\w \Ip- nepw \m-e-h-I
- Dm-bn-cn-p--Xp-t]mse Xpcop. Xzv kv]i-nepw _pn hnjb {Kl-W-nepw bm-Xo-X-\nepw \me-h--I ImW-p-a-tm. bYm-n
hym]r-X-am-Wv. ssNX\yw Nn-n \npw Al Xpco-bmXo X \o KpW-\m-Wv. AXn Ah-m-t`Zw
Al-m-c-n\npw Dm-Ip-p. Cu kh-`m-h--fp- C. qe-kqva cq]-n-ep hniz-hpw, ssXP-k-hpw,
sSbpw Dev]n aptJ\ tZl-K-X-amb Bm-`n-am-\-m {]m-h pw, {_-a m-W v. Fm Ah--b nepw Htc
Poh Xpcob ssNX-\y-am-Ip-p. A-s\-bp Poh- kmn hkn-p-p. XS--\mb Cuiz-c {ZjvSm-h
Krlw Xt-sX [mc-W-bn Krl--\m-bn-o-cp--Xp- IXr-Xz-t `m-rXz Al-m-cm-ZnItfmSp-Iq-Snb Poh\pw
t]mse k-cn-p-p. tZl-K-Xhpw AjvS-Z-f-I-ae
- m--I- {`jvSm-hn-. tlm`n-am\w \nanw Poh-Xz-sa A`n-am\w
hp-amb lrZ-b-n hkn-p Poh Ia-e
- ns D-Xn-\m Poh\pw Ir-XzmZn kwkv]i-\-n-X
- oIngs Zf-n {`aWw sNp-tm ]pWym--Im-\p- X-\-. alm- Im-i- n\pw LS-Im-i-n\p Xpey-am-bn- s
jvTm-\-n {]hn- p- p. An-tIm-Wn-ep Zf-n ]c-am-m-hn-t\mSv PohXz hyh-[m-\-ap-v. Cm-c-W-mk-cns \n{Z {]amZw Fn- h-bn hym]-cn- p-p. ZnemWv lwk-kz-cq-]n-bmb {]mW Dz- k-\n-izm- k-cq- ]-n
W-n-em-Ip-tm {Iqc-kz-`mhw Ie-cp-p. \nIr-Xn-bn
tkmlw Fp P]n-p-sImv kzkz-cq-]s At\z-jn]m]-_pn; ]n-a-n {IoUm-\p-cn; hmbp-tIm-Wn
p-Xv CXv {Kln-m tZlm-`n-am\w hy-sav [cnkm-cw, Cuim- \-n m\w; Ia-em- In-bn {]thm Ign-bpXmWv. {_-am-I p-hm tZlm-`n-am\w
in-p-tm sshcmKyw; Ia-e-ns tIk-c-n {]thssIsh-Snt-bXmWv.
in- p- t m B-N n Dm-I p- p. Bm- h n
ssNX\yw Xs-bmWv apJ-s-tmse apJyw, AXns 5. Xy-kw-tKm-PoX t{Imt[m eLym-lmtcm
PntX-{nbx
clkyw Adn-bp m\nv Xpco-bm-Xo-X-h--bn canm km[n-p--XmWv.

]n[mb _pym ZzmcmWn at\m-[ymt\ \nth-it- bXv

4. Poh-Zh
- w {]Yaw Pm{KXv ZzXobw kz]v\w
X r X obw k p j p ] vX w N X p w X p c obw
NXp`nhn-c -lnXw Xpco-bm-boXw hniz-ssX-P -k{]m XS t`ssZ-tcI Gh GtIm tZhxkmn \nKp-W-n-XXv {_m-la
- nXn hyml-tcXv. t\mtNXv Pm{K-Z-h-m-bmw. Pm{K-ZmZn NXt{km
hmx kz]vt \ kz]v \ mZn NX- t{kmhm.
Xpcotb Xncn-bmZn NX-t{kmh \ tXzhw XpcobmXo Xky \nKp-Wky qe-kqva Imc-Wcq-ss] hniz tXPk {]mt-izssc; khm-hmkp kmn- t XzI Ghm- h - X n- j v T - t X. DX
XStm {ZjvSm-X-Stm \ {`jvSm-{Z-jvSy-Xzm
{ZjvssSh IrXz t`mr-Xzmlw ImcmZn `nx.
krjvtSm Pohx-Po-th-Xtcm \ kv]rjvSx Pothm]n
\ kv]pjvSm CXn tN Pohm-`n-a-t\\ t{X-`na\x ico-cm-`n-am-t\\ Poh-Xzw. PohXzw LSm-Im-ia-lm-Im-i-hXv hyh-[m-t\-kvXn. hyh-[m-\-hi
- m-tZh
lwkx tkmlanXn at{m- m-c W Dm- k \nx
izmk hy]-tZti \m\p km\w Itcm-Xn. Ghw
hnmb ico-c m-`n-am\w XytP\ kco-cm-`n-am\n
`hXn k Gh {_t-Xyp-Ny-tX.
Pm{KXv kz]v\w kpjp]vXn Xpcob Fo \me-h-Ipw D]-cn-bmbn Poh Xpco-bm-XoXw Fsm-c-

6. iqt\y-jz-hm-h-Im-tijp Kplmkp Nh t\jp N

\nXy-bp-wx kZm-tbmKo [ym\w kay Kp]-{I-taXv
7. BXnYy {im-b-t-jp-tZh bmt{Xm
thjp N
alm-Pt- \jp knymn \ KtXv
DtZym-Kh
- nXv Iz NnXv.
8. bssY\ ah-\yt P\mx ]cn-`-hn N
XYm bp--tc-tZymKo kXmw h \ Zpj-tbXv
9. hmKv ZWvUx I ZWvU at\m
ZWvU tX {Xb.
bsskytX \nbXm ZWvUmx kv{Xo ZWvUo N
alm-bXo
10. hn[qta N {]im-u bkvXp am[p
Icow NtcXv
Krtl N hn{]-ap-Jym\mw bXn
kthm-ax kvarXx
11. ZWvU`- nmw N b IpcymXv kz[t
hyk\w hn\m

526

I bkvXn-jvTXn \ sshcmKyw bmXn

\oN-b-Xn ln kx
12. bkvan Krtl hnti-tj-W-et- `Zv `nmw
N hmk-\mXv
X{X t\m bmXn tbm `qbx k bXn
t\Xcx kvarXx
13. bx kco-tc-{n-bm-ZntZym hnlo\w kh-km-nWw. ]mc-amnI hnm\w kpJm-m\w
kzbw {]`w
14. ]c-XXzw hnPm-\mXn tkmXn hm {iao-`thXv hm-{i-am-Ztbm tZtl ambbm ]cn-ev]nXw

n-bn Ign-bp--h tami-s-h

- \
- m-Wv. kzbw {]Imi\pw hnm-\-kz-cq-]\pw kpJ-ab
- \pw kh-km-nbpw
tZtl-{nb cln-X-\p-amb {_s kzcq-]-n ImWp-h-\mWv. hm-{i-tam-Xv]n amb-bn \nm-W.v AXn\m Ah-\-Xn\v AXo-X\
- m-Wv.

t_m[-kz-cq-]-\mb Xm hm-{i-am-Xo-X-s\p IcpXp--h-\mWv bYm k\ym-kn. hm-{i-am-Nm-c-sfbpw bYm k\ymkn ssIsm-m-dn-. {_-m\n-Iv hn[ntbm \ntj-Ztam bmsXmpw Xs _m[I-a-. Hcp hkvXp-hns\ kw_-npw XymPy-{Kmly \nbahpw Ahn-. kIe _--fn \npw hnap-cmWv bYm {_-m-\n.

20. hncPy kh-`q-tX`y Bhn-cn-n-]Z- m-Z]n

LrWmw hn]mZy kh-kvan ]p{X-an-{Xm-Zn-tz]n
CXn tbm thZ thZmssx tkmXn
21. {im-epapn amtjp thZm
hm-{iao `thXv
m\ en]vkbm
16. bky hm {iam-Nmtcm KfnXx kzm
- I
- tcm `qXzm Kpcpw {_ hnZw {htPXv
Zi-\mXv D]m-b\
22. tkhm`nx ]ncn-tXm-ssjy\w Nnc-Imew
k h-\m-{i-am khm AXoXy
kam-lnXx
kzm-\n-nXx
kZm thZm hmIymw irWp-bm-p-ka
- m-lnXx
17. tbm XoXy kzm{i-am hm-\m-t- \yh
23. \natam \nc-lw-Im-c. kh hnhPnXmx
nXx ]pam
kZm imym-Zn-bpx k\v B-\ymtkmXnhm-{iao t{]mx
m-\-ao-tX
kth-Zm-th-Zn`nx
24. kwkm-ct- Zm-j-Zr-jvssSy-hh
- n-c
- n
18. Xkvam-Z-\y-{K-Xm-hm B{iam A]n \mcZ
PmbtX kZm
hnc- -ky-Xp-kw-km-cmXv kw\ymkw
B-\ym-tcm-]nXmx kth {`mym
kym-kw-ibx
tX\m--th-Zn\m
25. apappx ]c-lw-kmJymx kmmXv
19. \ hn[n \ \ntj-[ \htym
tamssI km[\w
hy Iev]\
A`y-tkXv {_-hn-m\w thZm {ihWmZn\m
{_-hn-m-\n-\m-akvXn XYm \m\y \mcZ
26. {_-hn-m\ em`mb ]c-a-lwk kam-lzbx
A\m-k-\
- mbn tIm]w Pbnv Aev]l
- m-cn-bmbn
imn-Zm-ym-Zn`nx ksshx km[ssx
k\ymk C{n-b-sf \nb-{n--Ww. C{nb Zzmc-
klntXm `thXv
Ah-tcm-[nv B-hn-Nn-\w sNp-I- bm- W-bm-fpsS I- n-cXx imtm Zmtm
hyw. tbmtK-iz-cm-\p-bmbn km[-\n-b Xs XXv]c
- -\m- 27. thZm-m-`ym-k\
PotX-{nb
bn-cnpw Ah. GIm--m-\-n h\-ntem Kplbntem Xma-knv [ym\-n ebn--Ww. {imw, bw, \n`tbm \natam \ntXym \nZztzm
\njv]-cn-{Klx
AXn-Yn, kXvm-cw, tZh-bm{X apX-emb Hcp D-h-nepw
Ah ]s-Sp-t-Xn. Bfp-I-fn \n-I-n-cn-m 28. Po Iu]o-\-hm-kx-kym
Bcpw kao-]n-m Bcpw _lp-am-\n-m-s\-m
apWvUo-\-tym-Yhm `thXv
hn[-n s]cp-am-dWw. hmm-Ip ZWvUw a\-m-Ip
{]mtm thZm hnZymKo \ntam
ZWvUw I-am-Ip ZWvUw Cu aqp ZWvU--sfbpw
\nclw IrXnx
\nb-{n-m Ign-n-p--h-\mWv bYm {XnZWvUo
k\ym-kn. hoSp-I-fnse ASp-nse Xo sI-Xn-\p-tijw 29. an{Xm-Zn-jvT, ktam ssa{Xx kakvtX
tjzh Ppjp
`nm-S-\-m `Ww tXSn Ign-bp--h-\mWv t{ijvT\mb bXn. Fm a\-n k\ym-k-an-msX `nm-hr- GtIm m\o {]im-mm k k-cXn t\Xcx
15. \mt\m t_m[-cq-]ky aa tX kn khZm

527

{_-{]m]vX n B{K-ln- p--h Hcn- epw Hcp

m\hpw B{K-ln--cp-X.v hn[m-Xm-hns ]Z-hn-bm-bmepw
Bi Acp-Xv. ]p{X [\w XpS-n-b-h-b A\m-k-\mbn Abm tam-{]m-]vXn-p am-n Bk-\m-IW
- w. GsX-nepw D]-lm-c-hp-ambn Hcp kZvKp-cphns ASp-sn D]-\n-jvm\w km-Zn-- Ww. {itbmsS Kpcp ]d-bp-Xv tI-Ww. tamlw Al-mcw
Ch shSnv Kpcp-ip-{iq-j-bn X]c\m-I-Ww. kI-ehn[ Bk-nbpw ssIsh-Sn-b-Ww. ka-Z-bm-Zn-bp--\mbn
Dn Bm-hns\ ImW-Ww. P-P-cm-a-cW
- m-Zn-I-fpsS
Zi\w sshcm-Ky-n\v Imc-Wa
- m-Wv. ]q-ssh-cmKyw
hnt k\ymkw kzoI-cn-m-hq. apap-p-hmb ]c-al
- wk D]-\n-j-pI {ihnv {_-m-\-n-\p- X-Ip- Xv
A`y-kn--Ww. aa-Xbpw `bhpw ]cn-Xy-Pn-W
- w. ia-Z-amZn-I ioen--Ww km-Zn-m B{Klw ]mSn-. Xesam-b
- -Snv ]gb hkv{Xhpw Iu]o-\hpw [cn-p-Itbm
ZnKw-_-c-\m-bn-cn-p-Itbm Bhmw. aaXzw Al-mcw Ch
ssIsh-Sn-b-Ww. i{Xp-hns\ an{X-sbpw Htc coXn-bn
ImWm Ign-b-Ww. As\ Ax-I-cWw ip-am-p
tbmKn kwkmc kmKcw XcWw sNp-p. Am--h\v
Akm- [y-a-.

30. KpcpWmw N lntX-bp kvX{X

kwh-cw htkXv
\nb-ta-jz-{]-a-kvXp btajp N kZm `thXv
31. {]m]y-Nmt XX-s sh m\ tbmK-a-\paw Ahn-tcm-t[\ [ky kwN-tcXv
]rYzn-ho-anamw
32. XXx-kw-h
- c
- -kymt m\ tbmK-a\pa
B{i-a-{Xmb aprPy {]m]vX ]c-am-{iaw
33. A\p- m]y Kpcpw ssh Ntcn ]rYn
hoanamw Xy-kwtKm PnX-t{Imt[m eLzm-lmtcm
PntX-{nbx
Pnm-kp-hmbn Kpcp ip{iqjm \nc-X\
- mbn Kpcphns\ kam-{i-bnv Hcp kwh-cw Ign-bWw B{i-a-\nb-a
- ]men-p-X
- n Ae-kXv Acp-Xv. {_-Nc
- yw,
Alnwk Fnh \njvIj-tbmsS ]men--Ww. Cs\-bp km[-\-If
- m tbmKw Bnv [m-\p-Iq-eambn Ign-b-Ww. Cs\ {_-N-cyZym{ia- tkhnv
k\ymkn `qan-bn k-cn-W
- w. A\m-k--\m-bn-cn-Ww. t{Im[-a-cp-Xv. eLp-hmbn am{Xw Blmcw Ign--Ww.
PntX-{n-\mbn hn-W
- w.

34. Zzmhnau \ hnc-tPyX hn]-co-tX\ IaWm \ncmcwt`m Krl- Imcyhmw ssh `npIx
35. amZyXn {]aZmw ZrjvSzm kpcmw ]oXzm N amZyXn
XkvamZv ZrjvS-hpjmw \mcow ZpcnXx ]cn-hP-tbXv

36. kw`mjWw kl kv{Xn_n-cm-em]; t{]Ww

XYm, \rw Km\w klmkw N
]cn-hm-Zmw h-tb-Xv.
37. \ kv\m\w \ P]x ]qPm \ tlmtam
ss\h-km-[\w
\mn ImcymZn Imcyw N ss\ XkypkvXo l \mcZ
38. \mN\w ]nXr-Imcyw N Xo-bm{Xm
{hXm\n N
[am [am-ZnIw \mkvXn \ hn[n euInIo {Inbm
39. kwXy-tPXv kh-ImWn temIm-Nmcw N
khix
Iran-Io-S-]-Xw-Kmw XYm tbmKo h\-kv]-Xo.
40. \ \mi-tbXv _pt[m Pohm ]c-am
aXn-c yXn
\nXy-a-pJx kzx {]im-mm kz]q-[o.
41. Ax kwK-]c
- n-XymKo temtI hnlc \mcZ
\ cmPtI P\-]tZ Nc-tXyI Ntcm ap\nx
42. \nx kvXpXn \n\-a-kvImtcm \nx
kzm[m-Imcm Gh N
Nem-Ne \ntI-X bXnbm-Zr-ntIm `thXv
CXyp-]-\n-jXv

I-_
- -\mb k\ym-knbpw I-hn-ap--\mb
Krl- \pw X-f psS B{i-a - -\ p- I q- e - a mbn
{]hn-p-tm am{Xta tim`n-p-I-bp-q. aZyw IpSnmte aZ-ap- m-Iq. Fm bph-Xn-bmb kv{Xosb Im
Xs aZm-h
-bp-m-Ipw. AXn-\m A-s\-bp
kv{Xosb k\ymkn ImWpIbcp-Xv. kv{XoI-fp-samv
kwkm-c n-p-I, \rw, Km\w, ]c-\n Fn-h-bn
\npw k\ymkn hnp-\ntXmWv. k\ym-k nv
kv\m\w, P]-]q-P, tlmaw, tZhm-\, {imw, X-Ww,
{hXw, Xo-bm{X Fn-h-sbmpw k\ym-kn-m-h-iy-an. [m-[-tfm temIm-Nm-c-]-cn-]m-e-\tam th.
km[m-cW I--sfmw ssIsh-Sn-b-Ww. ]cm-amnI-Im-cy--fnte _pn hn\n-tbm-Kn-m-hq. Hcp Pohn-tbbpw
lnwkn--cp-X v. ipn tXS-Ww. im-\mbn _pnsb
Bm-\-- n ebn- n- -Ww. Acm-PI {]tZ-ip kcn-c
- p-Xv. {im X-W
- -fn \nv Hgn-hm-IW
- w. Hcmsfbpw kvXpXn--cpXv; \a-kI
v -cn-t--Xn \nP-\-m\tm ]hX Kpl-If
- ntem Xma-kn--Ww. CjvSm-\p-kcWw k-cn-mw Fv D]-\n-j-v ]d-bp-p.

Ggmw D]-tZiw
1. AY btX\n-b-ax-IY
- -anXn ]rjvSw \mcZw ]nXmalx ]pc-kvIrXy hncx ktbm hjm-kp-{[ph
iotem AjvSu amkn GImIo Ncss I{X \nh-

528

I tkXv `np `bmXv kmcw-Kh- Xv GI{X \Xn-jpXv

kzK-a-\-\n-tcm[ {KlWw \ IpcymXv \ hrmtcm-lW
- -a]n \ tZthm-h Zi\w IpcymXv \
GIm-{Xio \ _mly-tZ-hmN\w Ipcym-Xv. kzhyXn-cnw khw Xyzm a[p-Ic
- -hrXym Blm-cam-lK
- c
- Irtim `qXzm tatZm hrnw AIp-h
\ BPyw cp[n-ca
- nh XytP-Xv. GI{X Aw ]eye-anh K-te-]\w Aipn te]-\-anh A`ywKw
kv{Xokw-Ka
- n-hh an{Xm-m-ZIw aq{X-anh kv]rlmw
tKmamw kanh mX-N-ct- Ziw NWvUm-f-hm-Sn-Imanh kv{Xobw Aln-anh kphw Imf-Iq-S-anh
k`m-ew ivaim-\- -e -anh cmP-[m\ow Ipw`n]m-Ia
- nh ih-]n-WvUh
- Xv GI-{Xmw \ tZlm-c-Z i\w {]]- - h rnw ]cn- X yPy kztZ- i - a p r Py mX - ] - c - t Zi w h nlmb h nk- a r X
]Zmw ]p\x-{]m]vX lj Ch kzam-\--a-\pkva-c kzi-co-cm-`n-am\ tZi-hn-kva-cWw aXzm kzicocw ih-anh tlb-ap-]K
- a
- y-Im-cm-Kr-lh
- n-\nap
tNmc- h Xv ]p{Xm- ] v X - _ - p- ` - h - ew hnlmb
ZqctXm htk-Xv.

2. Ab-tX\ {]m]vX-am-l-c {_-{]-W -hm-\p-km\ ]tcm `qXzm kh- I -\ napx Imat{Im[ tem`-tam-a-Za
- m-c
- ym-ZnIw ZKv t[zm {XnKpWm-XoX; jVqn-cl
- nXx jUv`m-hh
- n-Imc iq\yx
kXy-hmIv ipNn-c-t{Zmlo {Kma GI-cm{Xw ]t\-]--cm{Xw tt{X ]-cm{Xw; Xot ]cm{Xw A\n-tIXx nc-aXnx \ A\r-X-hmZo Kncn
I-tcjp htkXv GI-G-hZzu hmN-tcXv {Kmaw
{Xn`n \Kcw NXp`n {Kma antXy-I
- -tcXv `np.
NXpZ-i-I-c-Wm\mw \ X{Xm-h-Imiw ZZym Zhn-n
m\mXv sshcmKy k-a
- -\p-`qb atm \
InXv \m\y hyXn-cn CXn B\n BtemNy
k hXx kzc q- ] - t ah ]i y P oh ap nx
Ahm]y {]mc_v[ {]Xn `mk-\mi ]cyw NXp
hn[w kzcq]w mXzm tZl-]X
- \ ]cyw kcq]m-\p-k
- m-t\\ htk-Xv.

hXpw Bh-iy-s-SmsX Inn-bm AXp hmnv

kp-jvS-\m-IW
- w. Isamw ssIhnv {_-{]-Wh
[ym\p-k-m\ ]c-\m-Ip-I. Ima-t{Im-[m-Zn-I \ntjw
shSnv hnipw Zmlhpw aqew hymIp-eX Ie-cm-sX,
]noSv \mc-Z {_m-hn-t\mSv tNmZnp: `K-h, Pw hrn, Pc Fo hI-bn hymIp-e -s -Sm-s X,
k\ym-kn-bpsS \nb-a- Fsm-s-bm-sWv a\-n- \nssh-c-\mbn ico-chpw a\pw ip-amn shbv-Ww.
em-n--cp-I, Atm {_mhp ]dp: "sshcmKyw {Kma-n Hcp cm{Xn, \K-c-nepw ]pWy-t-{X-nepw
t\Snb k\ymkn Htc m\v hj-Im-e-nse \mep- Xo-m-\--fnepw Apcm{Xn AXn IqSp-X
- p-Xv. anYym`mjWam-k- am{Xta hkn-m-hq. _mn Fp-am-k-fpw Xma-kn--cp-Xv. kz-ambn hoSp-m-c
k-cnp sImn-cn-W
- w. Htc-Sv Gsd t\cw X-cp- a-cp-X.v _pnsb kZzn-Nm-c--fn \bnv GI-\mbn kXv. As\ sNbvXm [-{`-jvSm-\m-Im-\n- S-bp-v. Bsc- cn-p-I. Xma-kn-psn AXv ]h-X-Kp-l-bn-em-I-aw.
- psS klnepw A-s\-sbmcp B{Klw {]I-Sn-n-mepw AXn\v am-cp-samv Xmakw ]mSn-. aqp hyn-If
hg--cp-Xv. \oZn \on-I-S--cp-Xv. hr-n Ib-dp-Itbm hmkw {Kma-Xp-eyhpw \mep-t]-cm-bm \K-c-Xp-ey-hp-am-W.v
tZmthm--h--fntem ap taf-I-fntem ]p-sIm-p-Ibpw C{n-b-v hnj-b- Nnn-m CS-sIm-Sp--cp-Xv.
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- p-Xv. cq]w am{Xw Nnnv Poh-ap--\mbn Ign-b-Ww. acWw
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\-tbm-Ky-a-sv Icp-XW
- w. Iu]o-\m-Zn-Is
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hkv{X-sf Fn ]m{Xw t]mse Icp-XW
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3. {Xnj-h-Wm-kv\m\w IpSo-NI
- ky _lq-Z-I ky
tXp Ipfn ]mSn-. kvt\ln-X-m-cpsS kl-hmkw HgnZzohmcw lwk-tky-Ih
- mcw ]c-a-lw-kky am\k
hm--Ww. B{K-l- Dm-Im-\nS sImSp--cp-Xv. k`mkv\m\w Xpco-bm-Xo-Xky `kva-kv\m-\-a-h-[q-Xky
k-an-Xn-I ivaim-\X
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hmb- h y- k v \ m\w Du[z- ] pWv {Uw IpSo-N - I ky
t]mse `b-c
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{Xn]pWv { Uw _lq- Z - I ky Duz ]pWv { Uw
t]msebpw cmP-[m- \nsb IpZo- ]m-I-\-c-Iw-t]m-sebpw GIm{Xn]pWv{Uw lwkky `kvtam-q-e \w ]c-a-lws arX-I]
- nWvUw t]msebpw Icp-XW
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kky Xpco-bm-Xo-Xk
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- ]
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B-`n-a
- mbn Nnn--cpXv; kztZiw ssIhn-S-Ww. ]cnInwNnXv Xpco-bm-Xo-Xm-h-[q-Xt- bm. EXp-ucw IpSoNn-X
m-\--fn Gsd X-cp-Xv. kzw IpSpw-_mw-KN-Iky EXp-Zz-b
- ucw _l-lqZ Iky \ ucw
fpw ]cn-Nn-Xcpw hkn-p-nSw hnv Zqsc t]mI-. Xs
AkvXn-tN-Zb
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- ky lwk-]-ca
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-\m-Ibpw thWw. k\ymkn `mcy ]p{Xm-Zn-Isf Dt]Xpco-bm-Xo-X ky tKmapJw Ah-[q-X kym PmK-c nv Ahsc ImWm-\n-S-sIm-Sp-msX AIse Ign-tbhrn imSo-Zzbw IpSo-NI ky_-lq-Z-I-ssky-IXmWv.

imSo lwk-ky-JWvUw ZnKw_cw ]c-a-lw-kky

529

I GI-Iu-]o\w hm Xpcobm XoXm h[q-Xt- bmPmX-cq-] -[-cXzw lwk-] -ca

- lw ktbm-c-Pn\w \ Xp
At\ym-jmw.

lwk-]-c-a-lw-k-mv B-cnI {]W-hhpw Xpco-bm-XoXm-h-[q-X

- mv {_-{]-W-h-\-amWv hn[n-n-p--X.v IpSoNI _lp-Z-I
- mv {ih-Whpw lwk-]-c-a-lw-k-mv
a\-\hpw Xpcn-bm-Xo-X m-h-[q-X-mIvI \n[n-\ym-bhpw
BWv hn[n. Fm-h-cp-sSbpw eyw Bm-\p-k-m-\am-bn-cn--Ww. Fm-hcpw tam-{]m-]X
v n-mbn {]b-X\
v nv
sImn-cn-p-Ibpw {]m]-nI hnj-b--fn \npw
tamN\w t\Sn Poh-p-m-h-bpw ssIh-eym-h-bpw
{]m]n-p-hm {ian-p-Ibpw Bh-iy-am-Wv.

aqp ky-I-fnepw IpSo-NI k\ymkn kv\m\w

sN-Ww. _lq-ZI
- \v cp-X-h-W. lwk\v Hcp-X-hW;
]c-al
- w-k\v am\-knI kv\m\w hn[n-n-cn-pp; Xpcobm-Xo-X\v `kvat- e-]\w aXn. Ah-[q-X hmbp-kv]im Xs kv\m\-n\pw Xpeyw ip-\m-Ip-p. IpSnN-I s\n-bn Du[z ]pWv{Uhpw _lq-ZI
- {Xn]pWv{Uhpw [cn--Ww. lwk\v CXn-te-sX-n-ep-sam-m-Imw.
Fmw D]-tZiw
]c-al
- w-k\v tIhew `kvat- e-]\w aXn. Xpco-bm-Xo-X\v
AY ssl\w `K-hw ]c-ta-jvTn\w \mcZx
Xne-I-]p-Wv{Uw. Ah-[q-X\v Hcp Nnhpw th... IpSoN-I cp-am-k-n-sem-cn-epw _lq-ZI
- \mep- am-k- ]{] kwkmc XmcIw {]]tm {_qlnXn
n-sem-cn-epw ucw sNmw, lwk\pw ]c-a-lw-k\pw XtYXn ]c-tajvTo hpw D]-N{- I-ta, Hmw CXn
{_ CXn-hyjvSn kajvSn {]mtIW Im hrjvSn.
Bdp-am- k-n-sem-cn-.
Ah-[q-X\pw Xpco-bm-Xo-X\pw ucw Bh-iy-an-.
IpSo-N-I Htc-Sp \nv Blmcw kzoI-cn-mw. _lqZ-I am[p-Ic
- o-hrn sImsm--Ww. lwk\pw ]c-alw-k\pw ssIIfn `n kzoI-cn-p-I. Xpcn-bm-Xo-X
tKmap-J-hr-nbpw Ah-[q-X AP-Kc
- -h r-n-bp-am-Wv.
`W Imcy-n ssIsm-t-Xv IpSo-NI
- cp
hkv{Xhpw _lq-ZI
- Hcp hkv{Xhpw lwk cp
XpWnpw ]c-a-lw-k Hcp Iu]o-\hpw [cn--Ww. Xpcobm-Xo-X\pw Ah-[q-X\pw hkv{Xw [cn-t Bhiyw
Xs-b n-.

7. IpSo-N-I-_-lq-ZI
- t- bm tZhm\w lwk ]c-alw-k-tbmam-\-km\w Xpco-bm-Xo- Xm-h-[q-Xtbmx
tkmlw`mh\m IpSo-NI _lq-Zp-I-tbm a{-P]m-[o-Imtcm lwk ]c-a-lwk tbm[ym-\m-[n-Imcx
Xpco-bm-Xo-Xmh [qXtbm \h \ym[n Imc Cb-XoXm-hZ- h
- [
- q-X-tbm alm hm Iym[n-Imcx ]c-a-lwk- k ym]n IpSo- N I _l p- Z I lwkm- \ mw- \ m\ytkym ]tZim[n- I mcx IpSo- N I _lq- X - I tbmam-\p-j -{]-W hx lwk-]-c-a-lw-k-tbm-cm- c
{]W-h-Ip-So-NI _lq-`-Itbmx {ih-Ww. lwk ]ca-lwk tbma-\\w Xpco-bm-XoXw h[q-Xt- bm\nZn-[ymkx kth-jm-am-m-\p-k
- m\w hn[n-cn-tXyh
apappx kmh-Zm-kw-km-c-Xm-cIw Xmc-I-a-\p-kva-c
Poh-ptm htk-Xv. A[n-Im-ch
- n-ti-jW ssIhey-{]m-]vXyp-]m-b-a-\zn-tjy-ZyXnx CXyp-]-\n-j-Xv.
IpSo-N-I-\pw, _lq-Z-I\pw tZhm\ sN-W w.
lwk-\pw, ]c-a-lw-k\pw am\-ko-Im-\-bvm-Wm-[n-Imcw. Xpco-bm-Xo-X\pw Ah-[q-X\pw tkmlw AXv Rm\mIpp F `mh\ aXn. IpSo-N-I\pw _lq-Z-I\pw a{w
P]n-m\pw lwk\pw ]c-a-lw-k\pw [ym\-n\pw Xpcobm-Xo-X\pw Ah-[q-X\pw alm-hm-tIym-]-tZ-i-n\pw A[nIm- c-ap-v. IpSo-N-I\pw _lp-Z-I\pw km[m-cW {]W-hhpw

Im kajv S nx kwlm- c - { ]- W h; krjv S n- { ]- W h

m _ln-t-Z-bm--I-XzmXv Xznhnt[m {_{]-Whx Ax {]Wthm hymh-lm-cnI {]Whx
_mly-{]-Whx Bj-{]-Whx DZ-bm-tIm hncmSv
{]Whx kwlm-c -{]-W thm {_-{]-Whx A[am{Xw {]Whx
]ns \mc-Z `K-hm {_m-hn-t\mSv XpSv
tNmZnp: ""`K-hm-s\, GXp a{-amWv kwkm-c-Xm-cI
- -ambnpXv. AXv F\np ]dp Xmepw.'' {_mhv
]dp: ""Hmw'' F Xmc-I -a-{- n\p Xs-bmWv
AXn\v in- b p- Xv. AXns\ hrjvS n- cq- ] - nepw
kajvSn cq]-nepw Nnn-W
- w. \mc-Z hrjvSn-sb-nbpw ka-jvSn-sb-
- nbpw Adn-bm B{Klw {]I-Sn-n-tm {_mhv ]dp: ""\mc-Z, hrjvSnbpw ka-jSv nbpw
{_-{]-Wh
- -ns AwK- Xs GI-amb {_-{]W-h
- ns AwK- Xs GI-amb _{]-{- ]-Wh
- n\p kwlm-c-{]-W hw krjv Sn-{]-Whw D`-bm- Iw
{]Whw Fv aqp t`Z-ap-v. D`-bm-I {]W-hw, _mly{]-W-h-sa-pw. B-cnI {]W-hs
- apw cp hn[-am-Wv.
AXn-\m AXns\ D`-bm-I {]W-b-sav ]d-bp-p.
{_-{]-W -h- n\v hymh-lm-cnI {]Whw Fsmcp
t`ZhpwIqSnbpv. hrjvSn-{]-W-hs _mly-{]-W-h-sapw
]d-bp-p. Bj-{]-Whw Fpw ]dbmv. D`-bm-I
{]W-hs hncmSv {]W-hs
- apw ]d-bp-p. AIm-cmZn
\mep am{X-I-tfmSp IqSn-bXpw qem-`n-t`-X-bp--hp-amb
{]W-hs A-am{Xm {]W-h-sapw ]d-bsSp-p.

2. HmanXn {_. Hman-tXy-I m- -c-a x {]Whw

hnn. k NmjvS[m `nZy-t X. AIm-tcm-Im-c-a -Imcm-am{Xm \mZ _np Iem-in tXn X{X
NXzmc AIm-c
- -bp-Xmh hb-hm-\znXx DImcx kl{k m- h - b - h m- \ zntX m aI mc x i X m- h - b th m
t]tXmam{X {]W- t hm\mh- b - h m- I mcx
kKptWm hncmSv {]Whx kwlmtcm \nKpW

530

I {]Whx DZ-bm- -tIm-Xv]n {]Wthm bYmptXm hncmSv pXx ]v fpX kwlmtcm hncmSv
{]Whx tjmU-ka
- m-{Xm-I
- Xzw IY-an-Xyp-Nyp-tX.
AImcx {]Y- t am- I m- t cm- Z zn- X o- b m- a - I m- c -k v X r- X obm-am{Xm NXpo \mZx ]ao _npx jjvTo
Iem k]vXao Iem-XoX jvSao imn \h hoimy-XoXm Ziao D-t\y-Im-Zio at\m-\o ZzmZio
]pco {Xtbm-Z io a[yam NXp Zio ]iyo
]Zio ]tcmtjmUio ]p\Xpx jjvSn-am{Xm
{]IrXn ]pcpj ssZzhn[y amkm-ZrjvSm iXyp-c-t`-Z-am{Xm kzcq-]a
- m-kmZy kKpW \nKp-W-Xz-apt]Xy GtIm]n {_ {]Whx
"Hmw' {_-am-Wv. AXv GIm--c-a-{-am-Wv. AXpXs Aw {]Whw AXv AImcw DImcw aImcw Aam-{X, \mZw, _np, Ie, in Fv Fmbn hn`-Pn-s-n-cn-p-p. \mep-am-{X-tbm-Sp-IqSn ]cn-e-n-X-am-Ip
{]W-h
- ns Hmtcm am{Xbvpw At\Iw t`Z--fp-v.
AIm-c-am-{Xp Xs ]Xn-\m-bncw Ah-bhapv. DIm-cn\v Bbncw; aIm-c-n\v \qdv; A-am-{Xm-{]-Wh
- hpw
A\-h
- p-amb Ah-bhw tN-XmWv hncmSv {]W-hw.
kKp-Whpw kwlm-c-{]-Whw \nKp-W-hp-am-Wv. krjvSn
{]Whw kKp-W\
- nKp-W
- -fp-ambn _n-n-cn-p-p.
hncmSv {]Whw AIm-cm-Zn-\mep am{X-I-fpsS ka-jvSn-tbmSp
IqSn-b-Xm-Wv. kwlm-c-{]-Whpw NXpn am{Xm--I-amb
A-am-{Xm-cq]w tN-Xm-W.v hncmSv {]Whw ]Xn-\mdp
am{X-I AS-nb-Xm-Wv. AXns\ ap-n-bmdp XXzpw D]-cn-bmbn KWn-s
- -Sp-p. AImcw AXns
{]Y-aa
- m-{X-bmWv DIm-cw, aIm-cw, A-am-{X, _np, \mZw,
Ie, Iem-Xo-X, imn, imy-Xo-X, D-\n, at\m--\n,
]qcn, a[y-a, ]yn ]cm Fp bYm-{Iaw cm-a-tXn ]Xn-\mdp am{X-I-fmWp-Xv. ]Xn-mdp Ie-I-tfmSp
IqSnb Cu {_-{]-Whw Xs-bmWv mXhpw A\pm-Xhpw A\p-b
- pw. Ahn-Ie
- v]-cq-]-amb Xpco-bn\npw `n-a-mXn\m AXv Adp-]n \mev
am{X-I-tfmSp IqSn-b-Xm-bn-Xo-cp-p. {]IrXn ]pcpj cq]n cp hn`m-K
- -fp-v. As\ \qn Ccp-]-nsbp am{X- I- fm AS-n- bXm-Wv. Cs\ Htc Hcp {_w
Xs {]W-h-ns kKpW \nKpW cq]w [cnv ZrjvSnt`-Z
- m At\-I-cq]w {]m]npp.

4. khm-[mcx ]cw-tPym-Xn-tcj kt-iztcm hn`px

kh tZh-abx khx {]]m [mc-K`nXx
5. khm--ca
- bx Imex khm-Ka
- -abx inhx
kh-{ip-Xyp-tam arKymx kI-tem-]\
- n-j-bx
6. `qXw `hyw `hn-jy-ZyXv {XnIm-tem-ZnX ahybw
XZ-t]ymw-Imc tahmbw hnn-tam--{]-Zm-bIw
7. Xta-hm-m-\a
- n-tXy-XZv {_ i_vtZ \ hnX
XtZ-I-a-ar-X-a-P -ca
- -\ p-`qb XtYm-anXn

8. k icocw kam-tcm-]y-X-b
- Xzw XtYm-anXn
{Xn icocw Xam-m\w ]cw-{_ hn\-n-\p.

{]Wh cq]-amb Cu ]cm-mhv kh-hym-]n-bm-Wv.

AXv ]c-a-tPymXn kzcq-]hpw kh-n\pw B{i-b-hp-amWv. tZh-m-scmw AXns cq]w Xs. kq {]]m-[m-chpw khm-c kzcq-]hpw CXpXsbmIpp.
Ieym-W-a-bhpw kh-im-kv{X-a-b-hp-am-Wn-X.v {ipXn-I-fnepw
X-cq-]- nepw Ct-l ss-bmWv tXtS--Xv.
h- a m- \ , `qX, `hn-j yXv Ime- - f psS kmchpw
CXpXsbmWv. tamw \Im t]mXv Cu {]W-hsav a\-n-emp-I. {_s Bm-hn GIo-`-hnnv {]W-hss GIhpw Pcm-c-ln-Xhpw Aar-Xcq-]hpw Nn-b-XXzpw Fv Adnb-Ww. hnizs Hmw
Fv IcpXn Xs Bm-hns\ {_-sap IcpXn ]cam-m-hn ZrV-ambn XmZmyw {]m]nv Am-hns cq]n-ep {_-s-n kZm Nnn-p-t--Xm-Wv.

9. ]cw {_m-\p-kw-Z[
- ymXv hnizm-Zo\mw
{Iax-{I-amXv
qe-XzmXv qe-`p-zm kqva-XzmXv
kqva-`pIv ]cw
10. sFIy-Xzm-\ t`mKm tkmb-amm
NXp hn[x
NXp-jv]mXv PmK-cnXx qex qe {]tm
ln hniz `pIv
11. GtIm\ hnwiXn apJw kmjvSmwKx
khKx {]`px
qe-`pv NXp-cm-mY hntizm sshizm-\cx
]pam
12. hniz-PnXv {]Yax ]mZx kz]v\ m\-KX
- m, {]`px
kqva-{]x kztXm-jvSmwKx GtIm-\m\yx
]cw-X ]x
13. kqva `pv NXp-cm-mY ssXPtkm
`qX-cm-Ubw
lncWy K`x qtem-S
- ZzoXob ]mZ DNytX
14. Imaw Imb-atX bmh-Zy{X kp]vtXm \ I\
kz]v\w ]iyXn ss\h-am{X XXv
kpjp-]vXa
- ]n pSw
15. GIo `qXx kpjp]vX x {]m\ L\hm kpJo \nXym-\
- a
- tbm ]ymm kh
Pohm--nXx
16. XYm-]ym-\--_p-IvtNtXm apJx kh-K-tXm-hyb
NXp-cm-t-izcm {]m kvXrXnbmx
]mZ-kw-nXx
qe-n-sbpw kqva-n-sbpw t`mm-hm- b-XpsImpw B\-tm-]-t`m-m-h-b-Xp-sImpw Bm-hn\v

531

I \mev hn`m-K-fmWp-Xv. Cu t`Z- ImcWw Bmhv

23. \m {]PvR-a]n {]m-L\w Nm ZrjvS-tah

NXp-jv]mv AXm-bXv \mep-Im-ep-I-tfmSp IqSn-b-sXv N XZ-e
- W a{Kmlyw bZv hyh-lmcyw Ahy-]Adn-b-s-Sp-p. Pm{K-Zh
-
bpw PKpw BcpsS tZl- tZiyw GIm {]Xy-kmcw {]]-tm-]-iaw inhw
am-tWm, BcpsS m\-amtWm Cu {]]--n hym]n- imw AssZzXw NXpw a\yt k {_-{]n-cn-p-Xv Bcv ka-kvX-hn-iz-n-sbpw t`mm-hm-W,v Whx khn-t tbm \m]-c -k vX p-c nbx kh{X
BcpsS apJ-amWv Ap It-{n-b- DssS `m\p-h Xv apap- p-W m-a m-[ mcx kzbw tPymXn
]sm]Xv Imc- W--fm-bn-cn-p-Xv `qtem-Iw, `qhtem- {_m-Imcx khZw hncm-PtX ]c-{_-X
- zm-Zv--CIw, kztem-Iw, altem-Iw, P\-tem-Iw, Xt]m-tem-Iw, Xyp-]-\ n-j-Xv.
kXy-tem-Iw, ]mXmfw Fo Fp temIfpw BcpsS
AwK-amtWm BcpsS A`n-hy-n-bmtWm qe-kqva
Imc-Whpw kmn-bp-ambncnp-- X,v kh-hym-]nbpw hnizcq-]-hp-amb B sshizm-\-c Xs-bmIpp. {_- ns
{]Y-a -] m-Z w. kz]v\ hpw hniz-h ym- ] vX -a mb {_hpw
kqva{- ]--am-Wv. AXns hnm\w B-cnI PKn hym]-cn-p-XmWv. AXn\v \mep XncnhpI-fp-v.
{]Im-im-[n-]X
- n-bm-I-bm AXns\ ssXP-k-sap ]dbsSp-p. AXv kh-`q-Xm-[n-]X
- nbpw lnc-Wy-K`-hp-amWv. AXn-s\-s ]c-am-m-hns ZzXob ]mZ-sav ]dbsSp-p. kpjp-]vXn-bn a\p-jy kz]v\w ImWm-dn. Nnbpw Atm-gn-. B Ah-bpw AXn IqSn
D]-e
- n-Xa
- m-Ip hniz-ns {]f-b-cq-]hpw BcpsS
m\-amtWm Bcv A-cym-an-bmbn nXn sNp
kzkz-cq-]-ns B\--a-\p-`-hn-p-, Bcv Ahn-\m-inbw
{]Im-i n- X - a m-I p apJ- t mSp IqSn- b - h - \ p-a m- I pp
mXmhv A\p-m-Xmhv A\p Ahn-Iev]w Fo
\mep cq]--fn bmsXmv A`n-hy- -am-I p-p. B
{]m Xs-bmWv ]c-am-m-hns XrXob ]mZ-sav
Adnbp-I.
17. Gj kth-izcssj khx

kqva -`m-th\
Gtjmcymtayj tbm\nx khky
{]`-hm]y bu
18. `qXm\mw {Xb-a-t]y-XXv kthm-]-ca
- -_m-[Iw
XXv kpjp]vXw ln bXv kz]v\w ambm am{Xw
{]IonXw
19. NXp-X
- p-cm-m]n kn-tZ-Ic
- tkm ]ybw
Xpco-bm-h-kn-X-Xzm GssI-I-Xzm\p kmcXx
20. mXm\p m{X-\p-mXr hnIev]
m\ km[\w
hnI-ev]-{X-b-a-{Xm]n kpjp-]vXw kz]v\-am-cw
21. ambm-am{Xw hnZn-ssXzhw kn-tZI ctkm-lybw
hn`tm lyb-am-tZtim \ qe {]-a-\zlw
22. \ kqva a {]-a-Xyw \ {]w
\ IzNn-pt\
ss\hm-{]w t\m`-bXx {]w \
{]-am--cw.

Cs\ ]c-am-mhp Xs-bmWv kI-e-Xn\pw \mY\m-bn-p--X.v CXp-Xs Nny-hpw, kqva-cq-]hpw, PKXv

Imc-W-`q-X-hpw, PohnIfpsS krjvSn-n-Xn-eb m\-hpw.
aqv Ah-I
- -tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu hnizw kpjp]vXn cq]nem-Wv. CXv kz]v\ kam-\hp-am-Wv. apv a\-n-emnb aqp ]mZ-p ]pdsa \mem-a-sXmcp ]mZw IqSnbp-v. AXv mXw, A\p-m-Xm-h,v A\p-PR
v -X, AhnIev]w Fo \mep cq]-tmSpIqSn-b-Xm-Ipp. CXns
\mep ]mZ- fpw Xpcobw XsbmWv. Hmtcm cq]hpw Xpcob-n hnebw {]m]npp. Xpcob ]mZ-n mXw
A\p-m-Xmhv A\p Fo aqp cq]-fpw hnIev]-m-\m--I-am-Ip-p. Ch-sbmw kz]v\ Xpeytam
ambtbm BIpp. Cu hnIev]s-m-a-Xo-X-amb ]cam-mhp Xs-bmWv GI- am- mb kn-Zm-\-- cq- ]w. qekq-va--fpsS mXm-h-m-Xpw cn-s\- -nbpw Adnbm-Xpw {]m-\-cq-]-a-m-Xpw Ip-Iv tKmN-ca-m-Xpw Hcp \nh-N-\-nepw HXp-m-Xpw [ym\K-ay-a-m-Xpw {]]-m-Xo-Xhpw AZzn-Xo-bhpw ]c-a-I-eymW-ab
- -hp-amb B XXzw Xs-bmWv {_-ns \memas ]mZw. AXns\ m\n-I {_-{]-Whw Fp
IcpXp-p. AXv {_w Xs kzbw {]Im-i\pw BImi
kzcq-]-\p- amIpp.

HXmw D]-tZiw
1. AY {_-kz-cq]w IY-anXn \mcZx ]{]x Xw
tlmhm- N - ] nXm alx Inw {_ kzcq- ] - a nXnx
At\ymkmht\ym la kva oXn tb hnZpx tX
]ithm \kz `mh ]ihx Xtahw mXzm
hnZzm arXyp-a p-J m-X n- { ]- a p- N ytX \m\yx ]vY m
hnZytX Ab-\m-b.
]noSv \mc-Z {_-kz-cq]w Fm-sWv tNmZnp. Atm {_mhv ]dp: ""Xs cq]w Xs-bmWv
{_w. Xm {_-n \nv `n-am-sWp Icp-Xp-h a\p-jy-\
- mXmIpp. arK-tbm-\n-bn P\n--Xp-sImp-am{Xw Hcp arK-ns\ arK-sav ]d-bm ]mSn-.
bYm m\-an- m--h-\mWv arKw. {_s khmm-hm-bn--cp-Xp m\n arXyp-ap-J-n\nv tamNnpXmWv. tam e_v[n-p GI-amw ]c-am-m\w am{XamsWv Adn-bp-I.

532

I 2. Imex kz`mthm \nb-Xn bZrm

`qXm\n tbm\nx ]pcpj CXn Nnyw
kwtbmK Gjmw \ Xzm-`mhm
Zmm-ly-\oix kpJ ZpxJ tltXmx
3. tX [ym\-tbm-Km-\p-KXm A]-iy
tZhm-i
-
- nw. kzKssW \nipVmw
bx Imc-Wm\n \nJn-em\n Xm\n
Xmem-b
- p-m-\y-[njvT tXyIx
4. Xta-Ikvanw kv{XnhrXw tjmUm-imw
iXm[mcw hnwiXn {]Xym-cm`nx
AjvSssIx jUv`n hniz-cq-ss]-I-]mi
{Xnam-t`Zw Zzn\n-bn-ssI tamlw
5. ]-t{km-tXm_p ]tbm \yp{K-hy{mw
]-{]m-tWmn ]-_p-[ymZn aqemw ]m
hmw ] ZpxJuL-thKmw
]m-iXv t`Zw ] ]hm [oam
6. khm Poth kh kwt _rlt
Xkvan lwtkm {`aytX {_ Nt{I
]rY-Km-m\w t{]cn-Xmcw N aXz
PqjvS-kvXX kvtX\m arX-Xz-taXn
7. DZvKo-Y-ta-XXv ]caw Xp {_
Xkvanw kv{Xbw kz {]Xn-jvTm-cw N
A{Xm-cw thZ-hntZm hnZnXzm eo\m.
]tc {_Wn XXv ]cm-bWmx
8. kwbp--ta-XXv c-a-cw N
hym-hyw `ctX hniz-aoi;
A\o-i
- mm _[ytX t`mr `mhm
9. mu ZzmhPm hoim\o imh-Pm-tlyIm
t`mr t`mKm bpm
A\--mm hniz-cq-t]m-ly-Im
{Xbw bZm hnptX {_-tly-XXv
10. cw {][m\aar-Xmcw lcx
cmXv am\m-ho-itX tZh GIx
Xkym-`n[ym\m tZymP-\m-Xz `mhmXv
`qbmt hniz-am-bm-\n-hrn
Iew, kz`m-hw, ^e-Im-c-Wa
- mb Iw, BIkva
- nI
kw`-hw, Pohm-mhv Ch hnkz--\p-Im-c-W-amtWm? Ah
tNX\mmhns\ Xs B{i- b n- p- -h -b mIpp.
kpJZpxJv Imc-Wa
- mb {]mcm-_v[
- v hiwh-Z -ambn Ign-b p- -P o-hm- mhpw Cu hnizm-k - n\p

ImcWm-c\-. Ch Nnnv APo-m-kp-I [ym\np-Ibpw kzKp-Wm-hr-Xh

- pw, kzcq-]`
- q-Xhpw ANn-y-hpamb Bi-nsb kmm-XvI-cn-p-Ibpw sNpp. ]cm-hn-tXpXs-bmWv B Znhy-amb in. Hcp- t-a\nbpw, apv he- b-fpw ]Xn-\m-dp-X-e-bpw AXv Ac-fpw
Ccp-]Xv klm-bI Ac-fpw Bcv AjvS-I
- fpw Hcp
]mihpw At\-cq-]-fpw aqp-t`-Z--fp-Xpw Hcp \m`ntbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-X-amb N{Is Ah Ip. Ap t{kmXp-I- fn \npw D-hn-p hnj-bm--I- P-e-n k-hp-amb \Zn Ap ]h-Xt- mSp IqSn-bXpw AXp
t`X--tfmSp IqSn-bp-apXmIp-p. Fm Pohn-Ipw
B{i-b-am-bn-cn-p hnkvXr-X-amb Cu {_-N-{I-n
Pohm-mhp {`aWw sNbvXpsIm-n-cnp-p. Pohm-mhv
X\npw as-m- hpw t{]cW \Ip ]c-am-m-hns\
\mbn a\-n-em- n- -gn-bp-tm ]c-am- m-hp-ambn
XmZmyw {]m]nv Aar-X-Xzs {]m]n-p-XmWv. thZ ]c-am- m- hns alXzw DZvtLm-jn-p-XmWv. kht{i-jvThpw Ahn-\m-inbpw Bbn ]c-{_w ]cn-ek
- n-pw. thZ--m A-cym-an-bmbn nXn-sN-p B ]cam-m-hns\ Nnn-p-Xs
- -bmWv AXn hnebw {]m]nn-p--Xv. hym-hy-a
- mbn \ne-sIm-p Cu {]]s [cnp kwc-n-p-Xv B ]c-{_w XsbmIpp. Pohm-mhv kwkm-c-hn-jb
- -t`m-K
- A\p-`hn-p--Xm-I-bm {]Ir-Xnv hiw-h-Z-ambn {]]--_-\- n s]p- g-e p- p. Fm ]c-{_- m- -I -a mb
m\w t\Sngnm kIe _-\
- -fn\npw
ap-amIp-XmWv. m\n-sbpw Am-\n-sbpw
ka-sapw Ak-aXvY-sapw Pohm-m- cp
hn[-n-ep-v. Pohn-I-\p-Iq-e-amb t`mKy-h-kvXp-
{]Zm\w sNp in Cu {]IrXn XsbmIpp.
bYm-n ]c- {_w kq- cq-]- bp-hpw IrXzmZn A`n-am-\-c-ln-X\pw A-c-ln-X\pw BIpp. Cuizc Poh {]IrXn Cu aqn-s\bpw a\p-jy {_ns cq]-n A\p-`-hn-ptm Ahs _-\-sfmw hnt-Zn--s-SpXmWv. {]IrXn \iz-c-am-Ip-p.
Fm AXns t`mm-hmb Bmhv Ahn-\m-in-\nbmstmWw. Htcsbmcp Cuiz-c Xs-bm-Wv. \izc- amb Cu {]Ir-Xn-sbbpw Ahn-\m-in-bmb Bm-hn- s\bpw
\nb-{n-p-X
- .v a\-ns\ Cuiz-c-\n ebn-nv Cuizcs\ \nc-cw Nnn-p-sIm-n-cp-m HSp-hn km[I At-l-s-s {]m]n-p-XmWv. B \ne-bnse-p-tm a\p-jy kI-ea
- m-b-I-fn\npw hnap-\m-bn-o-cp-XmWv.

11. mXzm tZhw apNytX kh ]mssix

ossWx tsskP--arXyp {]lm-Wn.
Xkvam-`n-[ym-\mXv {XnXbw tZl-t`tZ
hnssizizcyw tIhe B]vXI
- max

533

I 12. GX-Pvtbw \nXy-ta-hm kww \mXx

]cw-th-Zn-Xhyw lnIn-nXv
t`mm t`mKyw t{]cn-Xmcw N aXzm
khw t{]mw {Xnhn[w {_-tly-XXv
13. B-hn-Zym-Xt- ]m-aqew XZv{_-tm-]\
- n-jZv ]cw
]c-am- m-hns\ [ym\nam{X-bn Xs kIe
]m]fn\npw hnap--\m-Ip-XmWv. ti- \in-tijw XrXob temIw hsc A\m-k-\
- m-bn-cp--XpsImv P-ar-Xyp--fn \n-Iv ]c-a-]Zw {]m]n-p-w.
{_w Xn Xs-bm-Wp-Xv. AXn-s\--s-bmWv
]cn-]q-ambn Adn-tb-Xpw. {_-s-mfpw Adn-tb-Xmbn bmsXm-p-ans-pXs Icp-XpI. t`mKy-sapw
t{]c-I-sapw Adnp Ign-m Fm-hpw kzbw
m\w DZbw sNp-XmWv. aqp hyXykvX hkvXp-fnepw {_w Xs-bmWv hn-p--sX-dn-bpI.
AXv ssIh-cn-m-\p aqe-km-[\ X]p B-m\-hp- sav Adnbp-I.

14. bx Ghw hnZnXzm kzcq-]t- a-hm-\p-Nn--b X{X

tIm tamlx Ix timIx GIXz a\p-]i
- yXx XkvamZv
hncmUv `qXw `hyw `hn-jyXv `h-Xy-\-iz-ck
- z-cq-]w.
Cu hn[w a\-n-emn Xs kzcq-]-amb {_-ss [ym\np sImn-cn-p m\nv timI-sahn-sS, taml-sa-hnsS? `qXw h-am\w `mhn Fo {XoImem--I-amb hnizw Ahn-\m-in-bmb {_-ns cq]w
XsbmIpp.

15. AtWm-cW
- o-bm al-tXm-a-lo-bm
Bmky Ptm\n-lntXm Kplm-bmw.
Xa-{IXpw ]iyXn hoX-timtIm [mXpx
{]km-Zm--ln-am-\-aoiw
16. A]m-Wn-]mtZm Pht\m {KloXm
]iy Xy Npxk irtWmXy Ix
k thn thZyw \ N XkymkvXn thm-Xam
lpc{Kyw ]pcpjw alm-w.
17. AJocw icotcjz\-h-t-jz-h-nXw
almw hn`q-am-m\w aXzm [otcm \ timN-Xn.
18. khky [mXm-ca
- -Nny imnw
khm-K-a-m hnti-j-thZyw
]cm-Xv]cw ]caw ]caw thZn-Xhyw khmh
kmt\ kIr-tZz-Xn-Xhyw
19. Ihnw-]p-cmWw ]pcp-tjm-t- am-aw
kth-izcw kh-tZ-ssh-cp-]mkyw
A\mZn a[ym--a-\-a
- -hybw inhm-NypXmw
t_mcp-lK
- ` `q[cw

20. tkz\m hrXw kh-anZw {]]w

]m-Iw ]-kp-h-am\w ]o-IXm \
`h-{]-]w
]o-IrX kzmh-b-ssh-c-kw-hr-Xw.
21. ]cm-Xv]cw b-ltXm almw
kzcq-]t- X-tPm-ab imizXw inhw
\mhn-ctXm Zpn-cn-Xm-m-imtm \mk-a-lnXx
\mim-a
- -\tkm hm]n {]m-t\-ss\
-\-am-]v\p-bmXv
22. \mx {]w \_lnx {]w
\ qew \mqew \ PvRm\w \mm\w
t\m `btXx {]-a-{Km-ly-a-hy-h-lmcyw
kzx nXx kzb-ta-thXn b Ghw thZ k
aptm `hXn
kaptm `h-Xo-Xyl `K-hm ]nXm-alx

AWp-hn shv AWphpw al-nepw al-p-amb

B {_w Pohn-I-fpsS lrZ-b-t-{X-n tim`n-p-p.
AXp-Xs Fm-h-cp-sSbpw P-Zm-Xm-hpw kwc--I\pw
AXns Zb-bm a\p-jy ]c-am-m-hns\ kmm-XI
v cnv AXns aln-asb Adn-bp-p. AX-dn-bp--h Fm
ZpxJ-n \npw ap-\m-Ip-XmWv. B ]c-am-mhv
ssIIm-ep-I IqSmsX kh-kvXp--sfbpw {Kln-pXpamWv. AXn-thKw Ncn-p-p. Ip-Iq-SmsX Fmw
ImWpIbpw sNpp. ImXp-Iq-SmsX tIp-XpamWv.
mX-hy-h-kvXp--fpsSsbmw mXm-hmIpp AXv.
]t Bcpw AXns\ th-X p-t ]mse Adn-b p- nsXmWv kXyw. m\n-I AXns\ ]pcm-W]
- p-cp-js\v ]d-b-sSpp. AXv Cuizc tZl--fn ico-c-anmsX IpSnsImpXmWv. kI-eXpw t]mjn-n-p
ANny in-bm-Ipp A-Xv. kIe imkv{X-fpw
AXns k-sb-n {]Xn-]m-Zn-n-n-p-v. ]c-{_--cq-]n Adn-tb-Xv AXp-Xs
- bmIpp. {]]--ns
{]f-b-Im-epw Adn-b-s-tS-Xv AXp-X-sbmWv. AXpXs ]pcp-tjm--a\pw {XnIme m\nbpw kth-izc\pw tZh-]q-Pn-X\pw AXv BZn-a-[ymw lnXhpw Ahn\m-i n-b p-a mIpp. {_-a mb AXv hnjvW p, inh,
{_mhv Fo-cq-]-n-ep hr-ns Bhn- jvImhm-Ipp. ]-`q-Xm kzmwio-I-cn-n-p-Xv Fnepw
]-` q-X m- - I -a mb {]]- s AhX-s -b mWv
kzmwio-I-cn-n-p--X.v LS-I--fm kzbw {]`m-hn-X-\-.
AXv kzbw {]Imi-cq-]-amWv; k\m-X\
- \
- mWv Ieym-Wkz-cq-]hpw al-p-amWv BNm-c-ip-n-bn-m--h C{nb
\n{Klw k m[n- m- - h NeNn C hv
{_s {]m]n-p-hm km[yamIpX-. AXv Bcn-Is
- tbm _mly-stbm DZ-b-_m-lym-`ym--c-sftbm Adn-b p- pan- . AXv qetam kqvatam

534

I m\-kz-cq-]tam Am\ kzcq-]tam A`n-K-ayt\m

AmXmWv. AXv bmsXmcp hn[-amb hyh-lm-c-]-cn-[nbnepw s]Sp-n-. B-cn-I-amb cq]-n AXv kzbw
nXn sNp-XmWv. Cs\ B]-c-{_-s
- -p-dn-dn m\n tamw {]m]n-p-p-shv ]nXm-a-l
Acp-fpp.

23. kzkz-cq-]x ]cn-{hmSv ]cn-{hm-tU-ImIo NcXn-`-b-{XkvX kmcw-Kh

- -n-jvTXn Ka\ hntcmZw
\ ItcmXn kzi-coc hyXn-cnw khw Xyzm
jSv]-Z-hrXym nXz kzcq-]m-\p-k
- m\w Iph
kh-a-\\y _pym, kzkvan-t-ha
- ptm `h-Xn.
k ]cn-{hmSv kh-{Inbm ImcI \nh-tIm-Kp-cpin- j y- i m- k v {Xm-Z n-h n-\ napx kh kwkmcw
hnkrPy Nmtam-lnXx ]cn-{hmSv IYw \n[-\nIx
kpJo [\- h m m\m- m- t \m- ` bm XoXx
kpJ-Zpx-Jm-XoXx kzbw tPymXn {]Imix khthZyx khx kh knoZx kth-i z- c xtkmlanXn XZv hnjvtWmx ]caw ]Zw b{X KXzm
\ \nht tbmKn\x kqtcym \ X{X-` mXn
\iim-tm]n \ k ]p\-cm-htX \ k ]p\cm
htX XXv ssIh-ey-an-Xyp-]-\n-j-Xv.
kzkz-cq]w Adn k\ymkn GIm-In-bmbn am{Xw
k-cn-pp. t]Sn--c
- -am Hcn-Spw kz-ambn

\nm-Xp-t]mse Abm Hcn-epw Hcn-Sv nc-ambn

hkn-pX-. asm-cn-Sv t]mIWw F Nnbpw
Ah\n. Abm kI-eXpw XyPnv `nm-hr-n-sImv
hbdp \nd-b v p- XmWv. kZm-kz-cq] [ym\-] -c-\mbn
kIe Pohn- I-tfbpw Bm- hn-s\- t]mse Icp-Xp-p. GXmZr-iy-\mb kw\ymkn XnIpw _\ hnap-\
- m-Wv.
{Inbm-I m-c I t`Z-fpw Abm Adn-b p- n- . Kpcp,
injy, imkv{Xw Fo _-\--fm Ah\v _-\an- . XymKn- b mb Ah\v ZpxJ- a n- . kmwk-cn-I -a mb
sFizcyw XyPn-mte kw\ym-knv kpJw Inp-Ib
- p-q.
Abm m\-n\pw Am-\-n\pw AXo-X-\m-Wv.
kpJZpxJm-Zn-I Abmsf _m[n-n-. Bm-hn \nv
{]Imiw e`nv Abm Adn-tb- -sXmw Adn- bp-XmWv.
kIe knn-Ifpw sImSp-m Ah ka-\m-Ip-p.
kth-i z- c\pw kh-i - -\ p- a mbn `hn- pXmWv .
Abm Xss {_-sav IcpXpw. `K-h m
hnjvWp-hns ]c-a]
- Zw B ]c-{_w Xs-bmIpp.
]c-{_w {]m]n-m Ign-h\v kwkmc kmK-c
- n
]Xn-t--Xmbn hcppan-. kqcy-N{- -m-cpsS {]Im-in\pw B[m-a
- n-se-m Ign-bn. AhnsS Fn-bh P\-\-ac
- -W-N-{I-n \npw hnap--\m-Ip-XmWv.
Fs-m AXp XsbmWv- ssIheyw ]Zw. C{]-Imcw
D]-\n-j-v A\p-im-kn-pp.
\mc-Z]
- c
- n- {hm-P-tIm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

Q
3
\mcmb
W
mY
int
cm]
\
nj
v
1
Hmw. kl-\m-h-h-Xp. kl \u `p\p klhocyw Ic-hm-hs
- sl. tXP-kzn-\mh [oX-akvXp am
hnZnjm hssl Hmw. imnx imnx imnx.
]c-{_w Kpcp-in-jy-m-cmb \sf cp-t]-scbpw
cn--s. cp t]scbpw ]cn-]m-en-s
- . cp-t]cpw
Hcp-a np Ign- h pI t\S- s . R-f psS A[y-b \w
tXmtPm-a-b-am-I-s. R ]c-kv]cw hntZzjw hln-mXn-cn-s
- . Hmw. imnx imnx imnx.

1. Hmw. AY-]p-cp-tjml ssh \mcm-b-tWImabX

{]Pmx krtP-tb-Xn. \mcm-b-WmXv {]mtWm-Pm-btX
a\x kth-{n-bmWn N Jw hmbptPym-Xn-cm]mx
]rYnho hnizmky [mcn-Wo. \mcm-b-WmXv {_m

Pmb-tX, \mcm-b-WmXv cpt{Zm Pmb-tX. \mcm-b-WmZnt{m PmbtX \mcm-b-WmXv {]Pm-]Xnx {]Pm-btX. \mcm- b- W mXv ZzmZ-i m-Z nXym cpt{Zm-h - k hx
khmWn Omw-kn. \mcm-b-Wm-tZ-h-k-ap-X]
v Z- y-t.
\mcm-b-WmXv {]h-t. \mcm-btW {]eo-bt. GXZv EtKzm-Zi
- n-tcm[otX.
Hmw. ]pcpj kzcq-] -\mb \mcm-b-W {]P-I sf
krjvSn- m-\m- {K-ln-p. \mcm-b-W-\n\npw {]mW Dmbn. Fm C{n-b-fpw a\pw At-l-n \np-mbn. BIm-iw, hmbp, tPymXn-v, Pew, ]rYzn Fo hniz[m-cnIfmb ]-`q-X
- \mcm-b-W-\n \np-Xs
- -bpm-bn. \mcm-b-W-\n\np Xs {_mhpw cp{Z\pw

535

I C{\pw {]Pm-]-Xnbpw ZzmZ-im-Zn-Xy-m-cpw-G-Im-Zi cp{Z-mcpw 4. {]Xy-Km-\w {_]p-cpjw {]Wh kzcq]wK

AjvS-h-kp-fpw kI-e-hn-[-n-ep O-p-Ifpw Dmbn. \mcm-b-W\
- n \np Xs kIXpw DZv`-hn-p-Ibpw
sNp-p. ]WvUn-X
- m EtKz-Z-nse {][m-\-s Cu
AwKw A[y-b\w sNp-p.

2. AY \ntXym \mcm- bWx {_m- \ m- c m- bWx

inh \mcm-bWx i{I \mcm-bWx Ime
\mcm-bWx Zni \mcm-bWx hnZn-i-\
- m-cm-bWx
Du[zw N \mcm-bWx A[ \mcm-bWx A
_ln \mcm-bWx \mcmbW Gth-Z w. khw
bZv `qXw b `hyw \njvI-ftm \nc-RvP t\m
\nhn-Ievt]m \ncm-JymXx iptm tZh GtIm-\mcm-btWm \ ZznXotbm kvXn In-Xv. b Ghw
thZ k hnjvWp tchh `hXn b GX-Zy-p thZ
intcm-[otcm.
\mcm-b-W \nXyhpw {_mhpw inh-\pw ic\pw
Ime\pw Znp- Ifpw hnZn-p- Ifpw BIp-p. apI `mKhpw
Xmsg `mKhpw Dpw ]pd-sabpw Fmw \mcm-b-W-\m-Ipp. P\n-Xpw taem P\n-m t]mIp-Xpw Fmw
\mcm-b-W Xsbm-Ip-p. Cu \mcm-b-W-\-msX cma-sXm-n-. C{]-Imcw Adn-bp--h hnjvWp-kz-cq-]\
- mbn-o-cp-p. bpth-tZm--amb Cu t{ijvT-XX
- zs
Adn-hp--h A[y-b\w sNp-p.

3. Hman Xyt{K hyml-tcXv \a CXn ]mXv \mcmb-Wm-tbXyp ]cn-jvSmXv Hman-tXy-Im-cw \a CXn

tZz Atc \mcm-b-Wm-tbXn ]m- -cmWn
GXssZz \mcm-b-W-kym-jvSm-cw ]Zw tbm l
ssh \mcm-bW kymjvSm-cw ]Z-a-t[yXn A\-]{_phx kh- a m- b qtc Xn hntX {]mPm-] Xyw
cmbkvt ]mjw Ku]Xyw XtXmarXya-i v\ ptX
XtXmarXXz aiv \ pX CXn GXXv kma- thZ
intcm [otcm.
BZyw "Hmw' Fpw ]ns "\a' Fpw D-cn-Ww. Hmm-c-n Hcp A-chpw \ax FXn c-chpw \mcm-b-Wm-tbXn F-Xn A--chpw Dv.
Cs\ AXv \mcm-b-Ws AjvSm--c-a{- -am-bn-o-cpp. Cu a{w P]n-m a\p-jy AIme ac-W
- n
\npw c-{]m-]nv ]qm-bpv A\p-`-hn-p-p. Ah\v
kh-hn[ [\-fpw ssIh-cp-p. Ah-km\w Ah AarXs A\p-`-hn-p-p. kma-th-Z-nse AXn-{]-[m-\-amb
Cu a{w P\- ]Tn-p-p.

AImc DImtcm aImc CXn. Xm At\-I[m ka-`h--tZX tZmanXn b apzm-ap-NytX tbmKo Pkw-kmc _-\mXv "Hmw \tam \mcm-b-Wm-tbXn'
at{m- ] m- k tIm sshIp- W v T -` p- h \w Kan- j yXn
XZnZw ]pWvU-coIw hnm-\-L\w Xkvam-U
- nZm-`-am-{Xw. {_tWym tZhIo ]pt{Xm {_tWym
a[ p - k q- Z t\ m {_ ay x ] p W - U c o I mt m
{_tWym hnjv Wp-c -N ypX CXn. kh-`q-X-taIw ssh\m-c m-bWw ImcW ]qcp-j -a-I m-c Ww
]cw {_ Hmw. GX-Z-Yh-in-tcm-tbm-[o-tX.
AIm-cw, DIm-cw, aImcw Ch tNp-mb "Hmw'
FXv B\--cq-]hpw {_-]p-cp-jc
- q-]hpw {]W-hkzcq]hpam-Ip-p. Cu HmwImc P]w sImv tbmKn-I
khn-[a
- mb kwkm-c-_
- -fpw hnt-Znp P\-\a
- c
- -W-fn\nv apn t\Sp-p. Hmw \tam \mcm-b-Wmb F
at{m-]m-k\ sNp-h
- sshIpWvT temIw {]m]n-pp. Cu lrZ-b-I-aew hnm-\-cq-]-am-Ip-p. CXn\nv
hnZyp-X{v ]-`m-]q-c-ap-m-Ip-p. CXn-s\--s-bmWv tZhIo
]p{X-s\pw a[p-kq-Z-\-s\pw ]pWvU-co-Im--s\pw
hnjvWp-shpw ANyp-X-s\pw ]dbp-Xv. kIe PohnI-fnepw Cu \mcm-b-W Xs Xs hkn-p- p.
Atlw Imc-W-]p-cp-j-\m-sW-nepw Imc-W-c-ln-X\
- m-W.v
Ctlw Xs ]c-{_w; AYh intcm-`m-K-amb Cu
a{w Adn-hp--h A[y-b\w sNp-p.

5. {]mX-c -[n-b-amt\m cm{Xn IrXw ]m]w \mi-bXn. kmb-a-[o-bmt\m Znh-k-IrXw ]m]w \mi-bXn.
XXv kmbw {]mX-c-[o-b-amtWm A]mt]m `h-Xn.
a[yw Zn\-am-Zn-XymZn aptJm A[o-bm\x ]-a-lm]mX tIm]-]m-X-ImXv {]ap-Ny-tX. kh-th-Z-]m-cmbW ]pWyw e`-t X. \mcm-b W kmbq-P y- a - h m]vt\mXn b Ghw thZ.
Cu a{w {]`m-X-n P]n-m cm{Xn-bn sNbvX
kIe ]m]-fpw \in-p-t]mIpw. kym Imev P]nm ]I sNbvX ]m]w apgp-h\pw \in-p-p. a[ym-k-ab
- v kqcy\v A`n-ap-J-ambn \np-sImv Cu
a{w P]n-m ]-a-lm-]m-XI
- -fpw D]-]m-X-I
- fpw
\in-p-p. Ah\v kI-e-th-Z-fpw A[y-b\w sNbvXmep ^ew e`n-p-p. Ah\v {io\m-cm-b-Ws kmbqPy-am-Ip apn e`n-p-p. As\ {io\m-cm-b-Ws
kmm-XvImcw e`n-p-p.
\mcm-b-Wm-Y h-in-tcm-]\
- n-jv kam-]n-p.

Q
N

536

I
1

\ncm-e-tm-]-\n-jv 3

imn-]mTw

_x. tIm tamx Ix D]mkyx I injymx.

Hmw ]q-aZx ]q-anZw ]qmXv ]qap-Z-NytX ]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]q-ta-hmh

injy-tX.

tIm hnZzm tIm aqUx. Inam-kpcw In X]x

In ]caw ]Zw.
Inw {Kmlyw. Ina-{Km-lyw. Ix k\ymko
Xymi-yml {_t-Xn.

Cu ]c-{_w ]q-am-Ip-p. Cu PKpw ]qam-Ip-p. Cu ]q {_-n \np-amWv Cu ]q

{]]w Dm-bn-p--Xv. Cu ]q-{_--n \npw
]q-{]]sa-Sp-mepw ]q-{_w Xs Ah-tijn-p-p. Hmw. imnx imnx imnx

{_-sa-m-sev? Cuiz-c Bcv? Poh Fv?

{]IrXn FmWv? ]c- am-m- sh-mWv? {_mhv BcmWv?
hnjvWp BcmWv? cp{Z BcmWv? C{ Bcv? N{
Bcv? kqcy Bcv? Akp-c-m Bcv? ]nim-Np- Bcv?
1. Hmw. \a-n-hmb Kpcth kn-Zm-\ aqtb
a\p-j y Bcv? kv{XoI Bcv? arKm-Z n-I Fv?
mhcw Fv? {_m-Wm- Zn- I Bcv? PmXn Fm-sev?
\njv{]-]-mb imm-b-\c
- m-ew-_mb tXPtk
2. \ncm-ew_w kam-{inXy kmew_w hnP-lm-Xnbx I-sav? AI-s av? m\-sav? Am-\sav? kpJ-sav? ZpxJ-sav? kzK-taXv? \c-I-taXv?
k k\ymko N tbmKo N ssIheyw
F-XmWv _ptamsa-Xv? D]m-k-\m-tbm-Ky-\m-bn]Z-aiv\p tX.
p--Xmcv? BcmWv injy? BcmWv hnZzm? BcmWv
inh\pw Kpcphpw kn-Zm-\--aqnbpw {]]--c-ln- aqV? Bkp-c-amb sXv? FmWv X]v? FmWv
X\pw im\pw BNm-cy-c-ln-X\pw tXtPm-ab\pamb ]c- ]c-a-] Zw? FmWv {Kmlyw? FmWv A{Kmlyw?
am- m-hn\v \a-kvIm-cw. \ncm-ew- _-amb ]c-a-X-Xzs B{i- BcmWv kw\ymkn? CsXmw {_-ns cq]--fm-sWbnv kmew-_-amb {]]-s Dt]-n-p--h BWv -dnv ]d-p.
k\ym-kn. Ah Xs tbmKn. Ah tamw {]m]n5. k tlmhmN al-Z-l-mc ]rYn-hy]v tXtPm-hmp- p.

bzm-I m-i-tXz\ _rl-Zvc q-t]W AWvU -tIm-ti\

I-m-\m cq]-Xbm `mk-am-\a
- Zzn Xob-aJn-tem-] m[n hn\napw XXv kI-e-i yp ]
_rwlnXw A\m- Z y- \ w ipw inhw imw
\nKp-W -a n-X ymZn hmNy-h -\ nhmNyw ssNX\yw
Am-\n-If
- mb Pohn-I-fpsS kh-Zpx-J-fpw iann-p--Xn-\mbn GsXm-mtWm Adn-tb-Xv AsXmw {_ Cuizc CXnN {_ssh kz inw {]Ir-Xy-`n-t[-bm-am-{inXy temIm krjvSzm {]hn-iymRm Nnnv ChnsS ]d-bp-p.
-cym-an-tXz\ {_m-Zo\mw _po-{nb \nb-{r4. Inw {_ Ix Cuizcx tIm Pohx Im{]-IrXnx
X zm- Z o- i z- c .
P oh
CXn
N.
{_
Ix ]c-amm tIm {_m. tIm hnjvWpx
hnjv W oimt\{mZo\mw \ma-c q-] -Z zmcm qtem
tImx cp{Zx
lanXm anYym [ ymk- h - i m- ohx tkml
tatIm]n tZlm-cw-`I t`Z-hi
- mZv _lp-Po-hx-{]-IrI C{x. Ix ia\x Ix kqcymx. I-{x.
Xn-cn-XnN {_Wx kIm-im-m\m hnNn{X PKtIkp-cmx.
nmW kmay _pn-cq]m {_ in-tctI Akp-cmx. tI ]nimNmx tI a\p-jymx.
- zmZv
Imx kv{Xobx. h-{]-IrXnx ]c-am-tXn N tZlmtZx ]c-X-cX
{_ssh ]c-amm k {_m k hnjvWpx k
I ]izm-Zb
- x. Inw mh-cw. tI {_m-Wm-Zbx
C { x k i a\ x k x k qc y mx k N { k vtX
tIm PmXnx. Inw I, Ina-I. Inw m\w.
kpcmkvt X Akp-c mkv t X ]nim- N mkv tX a\pInw m\w.
j y mk vX mx k v{X obk vtX ] i zm- Z b k vX X v
Inw kpJw Inw ZpxJw. Ix kzx. tIm
mhcw tX {_m-Wm-Zbx khw JeznZw {_
\c-Ix. tIm
t\l-\m\m kvXn In-\.
3. Gjm am\ Pq-\mw-k-a-kvXmcnjvS imtb
bZyZv t_m[-hy-a-Jnew XZm-iy {_ho-aylw

537

""B {_w Rm Xs'' F cq]-n GI-Xzs

A\p-`-hn-p-p. Fnepw hn`n--i-co-c--fm AXv Pohcq-]a
- m-bn-o-cp-p. At\I Xc-n-ep hnNn-{X-tem-Isf krjvSn-m Ign-hp--XmWv {]Ir-Xn. {_-ns
_pn-i-n-bmWv {]Ir-Xn-sbv ]d-bs
- -Sp--Xv. tZlm-ZnI-Xo-X-amb {_w Xs-bm-Wv. ]c-am-mhv {_w
Xs. {_m-hv, hnjvWp, C{, ba, kqcy, N{,
tZh, Akp-c, ]nim-N,v a\p-jy, kv{Xo, ]pcp-j,
arKw Fn-h-bpsS cq]--fn {]I-S-am-Ip--X.v CXp XsbmWv mhcw {_m- Wm- Zn- Ifpw kI- e-temI- fpw {_w
Xs. {_-n \npw `n-ambn bmsXm-p-an-.

6. PmXn- c n- X n- N , \ NtWm \ cky \

amwkky \ Nmn\x PmXn-cm-t\m PmXn hyhlmc {]I-e v] n-X m, ItXn N {Inbm-am-tW-{nssbx, Im-W y- l w, Itcm-a o-X y-[ ym \njvT
Xbm IrXw Issh Ix AItXn N
IrXz t`mrXzm Zylw-Im-c-Xbm _-cq]w
PmZn ImcWw \nXy-ss\-an-nI bmK-{hX Xt]mZm-\m-Znjw ^em`n km\w b ZI. m\anXn N tZtl-{nb \n{Kl kvXZv Kp cq]m-k\
{ihW a\\ \nZn-[ ymk ss\cy-ZyZv ZrKv Zriy
kzcq]w khm- - c w khkaw LS-] -SmZn
]Zm-an-hm-hn-Imcw hnIm-tcjp ssNX\yw hn\mIn-n-m-kvXoXn kmm-XvIm-cm-\p-`thm m\w
Am-\-anXn N cu k-{`mn cnhm ZznXotb
khm-\p-kyqtX kh-atb {_Wn tZh-Xn-cyMv
\c- m-h c kv{Xo]p-c pj hm-{ia _tam
tm]m[n \m\m t`Z- I - e v ] nXw m\- a m\ w kp J- a nX n N k n- Z m- \ k zc q] w
mXzm \-cq-]bm nXn. sskh-kpJw ZpxJanXn A\m-c
- qt]m hnjb kev] Gh ZpxJw
kz CXn N kXv kwkx kzx \cI CXn

N AkXv kwkmc hnjb P\-k w-k Gh

\cIx _ CXn N A\mXy hnZym hmk-\bm
PmtXm Al-an-XymZn kevt]m _x ]nXr-amXr
ktlm- Z c Zmcm- ] Xy Krlm- c ma t{X aaXm
kwkmcm hc-W-k-evt]m _x Ir-Xzm-Zylw
Imc- k - evt ]m _x AWn- a m- Z y- j vs sS- i zcym
imkn kev t]m _x tZh-a -\ p-j ym-Z yp-] mCuiz-cs cq]-am-sW-n Cu ]c-{_w Xs k\m Ima-k-evt]m _x bam-Zy-jvSmwK tbmK
Xs {]IrXn Fp t]cp insb B{i-b nv kevt ]m _x hm-{ia [ kevt]m
temI krjvSnp-Ibpw A-cym-an-bmbn Ah-bn _x Bm-`b kwi-b m KpW-k- evt]m
{]th-inv {_mZn Pohn-I-fpsS _pn C{nbw XpS-n- _x bmK-{h-X-X-t]m-Zm\ hn[n hn[m-\-m\m
b-hsb \nb-{n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Atm-gmWv AXv km`thm _x tIhe tamm-t] kevt]m
- m{X kw`thm _x tam CXn
Cuiz-c-s\v ]d-b-s-Sp--X.v Cu ssNX-\ys {_mhv _x k-ev]a
N
\nXym\
nXyhkv
Xp hnNm-cm-Z\
- nXy kwkm-ck
- pJ
hnjvWp, i-c, C{ Fo \mep cq]- aptJ\
""Rm qe-amWv'' F anYysb tZlm-`n-am\w P\n- ZpxJ hnj- b - k - a - k vX - t {X aa _- tbm
ptm AXv Poh Fv ]d- b- s-Sp-p. Cu ssNX\yw tamx
Atlw ]dp: ""al--Xzw, Al-m-cw, ]rYzn,
Pew, hmbp, An, hmbp, BImiw Fn-h-bpsS cq]nepw AtX {]Imcw {_m-WvU-cq-]-nepw Im-\m cq]--fnepw {]Im-in-n-cp-npw kthm-]m[n-c-ln-Xhpw AZzn-Xo-bhpw kh-i
- n-apw BZy--cc-ln-Xhpw iphpw imhpw \nKp-Whpw Ah-\ob-hp-amb ssNX-\y-s-bmWv ]c-{_--sap ]d-bp--X.v

PmXn FXv sXmen- bp- sStbm c- n- stbm amwkn-stbm An-I-fp-sStbm Bm-hn-stbm A. AXv
tIhew k-ev]-am-W.v I-ns Aw C{n-b-
sNp {Inb-I Fm-Ip-p. ""Rm sNpp'' Fv
A[ym--\n- jvT-tbmsS sNp {]hr-nsb am{Xta Isav ]d-bm km[n-q. IrXz t`mrXz P\y-amb
A`n-a m\w sImv Cs\ \nXy-ss\-a n- n-I -fpw
bw {hXw X]v Zm\w Fn-h-bn ^em- t]tbmsS
sN-s-Sp I-fpw AIw Fv Adn-b-s-Sp-p.
m\s kw_-n-m-sW-n, krjvSn-bpsS Fm
]cn-h- \m-- I--fmb hkvXp-- fnepw Hmtcm ssNX\y
XXzw ImW-s-Sp-p-v. asm-p-a-. {`jvSm-hns cq]ambpw Zriy-cq-]-ambpw Ccn-p-Xv AXp-X-s-bm-W.v Cu
ssNX\yw CXv kI-e-cp-sSbpw Dn hkn-p-p. kIe-Xnepw kam-\a
- m-Wn-Xv. hnIm-cc
- -ln-Xh
- p-am-Wv. Fnepw
IpSw XpWn XpS-nb ]e cq]-nepw AXv ]cn-hnX-am-bn- cn-p-p. Cs\ kmm-XI
v m-c-ap A\p-`- hs
m\w Fp ]d-bp-p. Cu A\p-`hw tZtl-{n-bm-ZnIsf \nb-{n-p-X
- p-sImpw AtXm-sSmw Xs Kpcphns D]m-k-\, {ih-Ww, a\-\w, \nZn-[ym-k\w Fn-hbmepw kw`-hn-p-p. Am-\s kw_-n-m-sWn Ib-dn k-am-sW\v sXn-m-cW Dm-Ip--Xpt]mse kI-e-Xnepw tIm-s-n-cn-p-Xpw kh-cq]hpw GI-am-{X-hp-amb {_-n tZh, ]n, arKw,
a\p-jy, mh-cw, kv{Xo, ]pcp-j, hw, B{i-aw,
_w, tamw XpS-nb \nc-h[n D]m-[n-I-tfmSp IqSnb
A\m hkvXp-v t`Z-ap-sv k-ev]n-p--XmWv
Am-\w.
kpJ-ns \nh-N-\w kn-Zm-\-m--I-amb ]cam-m-hns kzcq-]-a-dnv B\-m--I-amb GsXm-c-h-bmtWm ssIh-cp-Xv AXmWv kpJw.

538

kw\ymko kapx kx ]qPyx ktbmKo k]-ca

- wltkm Ah-[qXx k {_mW CXn. CZw \ncm\c-Iw--A-k-Xy-tmSpw kmwkm-cn-I-hn-j-b--tfmSpw
ew-t _m-] -\ n-j Zw tbm[otX Kph\p {KlXw
kwkm-c-_- -cmb P\--tfm- Sp- ap kwkw Xs- bmWv
tkmn ]qtXm `hXn k hmbp ]qtXm `hXn k
\c-Iw.
\ ]p\-cm-htX ]p\\m`n PmbX CXyp-]\
- n_w A\m-Zn-bmb Am\ hmk-\-bm ""Rm j-X v.
kzw--D--a
- m-cpsS kam-Kaw Xs-bmWv kzw.

P\n-pp'' ""Rm acn-pp'' XpSnb Nn-I DmIp-Xp Xs-bmWv _-\w. A, A, ktlm-Zc, `mcy, aI, hoSv, tXmw, t{Xw XpS-n-bh FsXm-sW-p kmwkm-cn-Im-h-cW _-amb Nn-Ifpw
_\w Xs. AWn-am-Zn-I-fmb AjvssS-iz-cy- t\SW-sa B{K-lhpw AXns k-e]
v hpw _-\-am-Ipp. baw, \nbaw Fo AjvSmw-K-bp--amb tbmK-k-ev]hpw _\w Xs. hm-{ia [ k-ev]hpw
_-\-a-s{X. B-`-bw, kwibw Fn-h-bpsS kev]hpw bw, {hXw, X]-v, Zm\w hn[n-hn-[m-\-
Ch-sbm-s-s _-\-am-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse Xs
tIhew tamss Nnn-p-I-bm-sW-p-Xpw
_\w Xs. tamw \nXym-\nXy hkvXp--sf--nbp Nn-bm {]]--nse A\n-Xyhpw kpJ-Zpx-Jm-I-hp- amb Fm hnj- b-- fn \npw aa- X-bm- Ip _\-n\p \miw kw`-hn-p-I-bmWv tam-sav ]d-bmw.

7. D]mky CXn N kh ico-c ssNX\y {_

{]m]tIm Kpcp-cp-]mkyx injy CXn N hnZym-[zkvX
{]]-m-h -K m-l nX m\m-h-i njvSw {_ssh
injyx hnZzm-\nXn N khm--c
-kzkw hn{Zq]
hnZzn-hn-Zzm, aqV CXn N Ir XzmZy lwImc
`mhm-cqtVm aqVx Bkp-c-anXn N {_ hnjvWzoim-t\-{m-Zo\m ssaizcy Ima-\-bm-\n-ci
- \ Q]mn
tlm{Xn `njz- -cm-m\w km-]b
- Xn NmXyp{K
cmK-tZzj hnlnwkm Zw`m-Zy-t]-nXw X] Bkpcw. X] CXn N {_ kXyw PK- n- t YyXy
]tcm m\m- n\m {_mssZy izcym im
kn kev] _oP kvXm]w X]x ]caw ]Z-anXn
N {]mtW-{n-bm-Zy-x Ica KpWmtZx ]c-Xcw knZm-\ abw \nXy-ap {_-m\w ]caw ]Zw
{Kmly-anXn N tZi-Ime hkvXp ]cn-tZ cmlnXy
Nnm{X kzcq]w {Kmlyw A{Km-ly-anXn N kz
kzcq] hyXn-cn ambm-ab _pn-{nb tKmNc
PKXv kXy Xz Nn-\a
- -{Kmlyw kw\ymkoXn N
kh-[m ]cn-XyPy \ntam \nwl-MA
- -Imc
`qXzm {_tjvSw ic-a p-] -K ay XXz-a -kn, Alw
{_m- k v a n, khw Jev h nZw {_ t\l- \ m\mkvXn In\ CXymZn alm-hm-Iymm\p `hm-\mXv {_ss hml-a-kvaoXn \nn-Xy-\nhnI e v] k am- [ nX m k zX t{ m bX n- - c X n

D]m-kym-Zn-I-fpsS \nh-N\w D]m-ky D]m-kn-phm tbmKy-amb GI-hk

- vXp-hns\ kI-e-ic
- o-c--fnepw
Dsm-p ssNX-\y-kz-cq-]-amb {_s {]m]nm klm-bn-p Kpcp-hmWv D]m-ky.
inj y m\w e`nv k wk m- c - a m- I p
Am\w \inv AKm-[
m-\-cq-]-n Ah-ti-jnp {_w GsXm-mtWm AXmWv injy.
hnZzm khm-c
- ym-an-bmb Bm-hns m\kz- cq-]- a-dn- bp--h-\mWv hnZzm. aqV Ir-XzmZn Almc`mh-n Bcq-V-\m-b -h-\mWv aqV. Bkp-cn
{_mhv hnjvWp atl-iz-c Fn-h-cpsS sFizcyw e`n-Ws
- a taml-m D]-hm-kw, P]w, An-tlm{Xw
Fn-h-bm A-cm-m- hns\ ZpxJn- n-p-Ibpw cmK-tZzj
lnwkm Zw`mZn ZpKp-W--tfmsS X]--\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw
sNp--hmWv Bkp-cn. X]w ""{_-amWv kXyw, PKv
anYy-bmWv'' F m\-m {_m-Zn-If
- psS sFizcyw t\S-Ws
- a-p kev]w \in-n-p--XmWv X]w.
]c- a-]-Zw {]mW, C{n-bw, a\v Fn- h-bn \nsmw
`nhpw kn-Zm-\
- k
- z-cq-]hpw \nXy-ap-h
- p-amb {_m-\-amWv ]c-a-]-Zw, {Kmlyw, tZiw, Imew, hkvXp ChbpsS ]cn-t-Z-cl
- n-Xa
- mb Nnm-{X-kz-cq-]-amWv {Kmlyw;
A{Km-lyw B-kz-cq- ]-n \npw `n-amb amb-bm
k-ev]n-Xhpw _pn, C{nbw XpS-n-bh hnj-b-cq-]amb {]]-s kXy-sav Icp-Xp-X
- pw, kw\ymkn
Fm [--tfm-Sp-samw Al-m-cw, aaX Fnh
shSnp {_s icWw {]m]n-p-Ibpw "XXz-akn'
"Alw{_mkv a n' khw Jevh nZw {_-t \-l \m
\mkvXn In\ Fo alm-XzmIr NXp-jvS-b- aptJ\
\nhn-Iev] kam-[n-bn Ah-n-X-\m-Ip-Ibpw kz-X{-\mb bXn-sb-tmse s]cp-am-dp-Ibpw sNp--h\
- mWv
kw\ym-kn. Ah Xs-bmWv ap. Ah Xs
tbmKn. Ah Xs ]c-al
- w-k\pw Ah-[q-X\pw {_m-\n-bpw.
Cu \ncm-ew-t_m-]-\n-jp Kpcp-Ir-]-bm A[yb\w sNp-h
- An-sb-t]m-sebpw hmbp-hn-s\-tmsebpw ]cn-ip-\
- m-bn-o-cpp. Ah hopw {]]-n hcp-n-. Ah\v ]p\-cm-h-\a
- n-. Fv D]-\njv A`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-p.
\ncm-e w-t_m-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

539

I
1

\nhm-tWm-]-\n-jv 3

Hmw hmMv ta a\kn {]Xn-jvT nXm at\m ta

hmNn {]Xn-jvTn-Xa
- m-hn-cm-hn a G[n thZky h
BWomx {ipXw ta am {]lm-k o- c -t \- \ m[n
tX\m tlmcm-{Xm-w-Z-[m-an. EXw hZn-jy-man, kXyw
hZn-jyman Xm-a-hXp XZz-m-ca
- -hXp AhXp amw
AhXp hmcw Hmw imnx imnx imnx
Fs hmv a\-n kvYnc-am-bn-cn-tW. a\v
hmn nc-am-bn-cn-tW. kzbw {]Im-im-m-th,
Ap Fs apn {]Xy--am-I-tW. hmMv a\-p-Isf
\n cp-t]cpw Fs thZ-m-\
- n-\m-[m-ca
- m-Wv.
AXn-\m Fs thZm-[y-b-\s \in-n-c
- p-Xv. Fs
Zn\-cm-{X- Cu thZm`ym-k-n Nne-hg- nsSp-p.
Rm am\-kn-I-ambpw hmNn-I- ambpw kXyw ]d-bmw. Fs
cn-p-I. hm-hns\ cn-p-I. Hmw imn imn
imn

ZzZ-i m- Z n-X y- msc Ah ImWp- p. Ah hnthIw

]pep-p. Ah-cpsS Ifn-I Icp-Wa
- m{Xw Ah-cpsS
k` GIm--Xb
- n DNn-X-amb Bk\w cNn-n-cn-p-I-bmWv. kzbw ]mIw sNmsX `n-bn\npw Inp-Xv
`n-p-p. lwkstmse-bmWv Iw. kI-e-{]mWn-I-fp-sSbpw Dnse Bmhp Xs lwkw. ss[cyamWv Ah-cpsS DSp-Xp-Wn-bmb Po-hk
- v{Xw. Iu]o\w
sImv Xr]vXn-s-Sp-p. Nnbpw Z-hpw] ]mZp-Ibpw
{_- Zi\w tbmK-]w Ch-bp-amWv k-v. Ah sNcnp-ame t]mse \nm-c-ambn Icp-Xp-p. ]c-am-m-hns
C-bmWv Ah-cpsS BN-c-Ww. Ah-cpsS _w Ipen-\n-bm-Wv. ]c-\n-m-c-ln-X\
- mb tbmKn Poh-p--\m-bno-cp-p. ]cm-Xv]-c-\p-am-bp kmbq-Py-amWv \n{Z. Ah
tJN-co-ap{Z hln-p-p. ]c-am-\ ]q-\m-W-h.

2. \n-X-Kp-W-{Xbw hnth-Ie
- `yw at\m-hm-Kt- KmNcw A\nXyw PK- -\nXw kz]v\P
- -K-`-{Z-K-P m-Zn1. AY \nhm-tWm-]\
- n-jZw hymJym-kymax ]c-aXpeyw XYm tZlm-Zn-kw-LmXw taml-Kp-W-Pm-eI
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541

bYm\x khanK I
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tX`yx ktt`ym \ax I

542

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- ]h-X- kv]X Zzo]- Fn-htbmSp IqSnb ]rYzn-bmWv hnin a{- ns Hm-as
]mZw Fv a\- n-em-p- I. b-m- cmepw Kh-m- cmepw
A]vk-c-p-I-fmepw tkh-Xn-amb A-co--amWv cmBZy-L--n Cu {]]w apgp-h\pw Pe-cq-]-n- as ]mZw. hkp- cp{Z-m BZn-Xy-m apX-emb tZhem-bn-cp-p. Fm-bn-Spw Pew Xs- bm-bn-cp-p. B Pe- m-cm tkhn- X- amb Zyptem-I- amWv aqm- as ]mZw. ambn Hcp Xma- c-bn-e-bn {]Pm-]-Xn-bmb {_mhv {]Xy- tbmSp IqSm-Xpw ]cn-ip-hpw ]c-a-amb thyma-tmSp
-s-p. {_m-hn\v temI-kr-n-bn Xmev]-cy-ap-m-bn. tN-Xp-amb {_w Xs-bmWv \mem-as ]mZw. ChAtlw a\p-jy-`m-h-\sb BZyw hmp-sImv ]d-bp-I- sb--n-sbmw Cs\ th hn[w Adn-bp m\n
bpw, ]ns- thn-cn ]q-am-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXv Aa-c-Xzs {]m]n-p-p. t{ijvT a{- n\v \mev ]mZ-Fm-hpw Adn-bmhpXm-Wv. AXns\ kw_-nv fp-v. imJ-It- fmSpw AwK--tfmSpw IqSn Ev, bPp-v,
Cs\ ]d- b- s-n- p-v. ]v krn Dm-b-tm Ima\pw kmaw, AY-hw Fo \mep thZ--fm-Wv. Ah hnin

544

I a{w [ym\n-t--sX--s\-bmWv? kmwK-fpw kim-J-

inhx klcn tk{x tkm f nx tkmcx ]cax

I- fp-amb thZ- -fpsS AwK- tZh-m Ov Ejn- I kzcmSv XXv kmav\ x NXpw ]mZw Pm\o-bmXv
Ch Bsc-m-am-sW {]iv\w DZbw sNp-I-bp-m-bn.
bx Pm\otX tkm f arX-XzwN KXn Hmw D{K-{]Y
akymZyw Pew ZznXo-b-kymZyw \rknwlx XrXob
3. k tlmhmN {]Pm-]Xnx k tbm l ssh XXv
kymZyw arXypx NXp kymZyw kma Pm\o-bmXv
kmhn-{X-kym- m-cw ]Zw {iobm-` n-jnw XXv
b Pm\otX tkm f arXXzw N KXn Xkvam-ZnZw
kmavt\mwKw thZ {inbm sslhm-`n-jn-NytX kth
kma b{X Ip{X-NnXv \ BNt bZn ZmXp-a-t]thZmx {]W-hm-Zn-ImkvXw {]Whw XXv kmavt\m
tX ]p{Xmb ip{iq- j th Zmky- \ ykvssa
AwKw thm kkv{Xo temIm PbXn NXphnwinjymb hm tNXn.
i-Xy-cm alm-e-vaob-Pp-kvXXv kmavt\miv\w
thZ Bbp bix Ion m\ sFiz-cy-hm
Cu hnizw apgp-h\pw Fm Pohn-Ifpw Fm thZ`h-X n. Xkvam-ZnZw kmwKw kma-P m-\ o-b mXv tbm fpw An {]mW C{n-b
- Aw ]ip AarXw
Pm\otX tkm f arXXzw N KXn kmhn{Xow k{amSv kzcmPv hncmSv Fn-hbpw a{--fn cmPm-hmb
- w. Ev bpv
{]Whw bPp evaow kv{Xo ip{Imb t\n kma-ns {]Y-a-]m-Z-am-sW--dn-bW
N {Xnwi-Z
- cw kma Pm\o-bm-tZym-Pm-\otX tkm kmaw AYhw Fo cq]-n-ep kqcy Ah-bpsS
f arXXzw N K-Xn. kmhn{Xnw eva ow bpx a- e-n nXn sNp lnc- b ]pcp- j Fnh
{]Whw bZn Pm\o-bmXv kv{Xo iq{Zx kartXm f kma-ns ZznXob ]mZ--fm-W.v kIe Hmj-[n-Ipw
t[m KXn XkvamXv kh-Zm-\m-Nt bZym-Nt Xmcm-K-W-pw \mY-\mb N{s\ kma-ns XrXob-]m-Zs
- apw {_m-hv, hnjvWp, inh, C{, An,
k BNm-cykvtX ss\h kartXm f t[m K-Xn.
{]Pm- ]- Xn-bmb {_mhv ]dp: {io _oP- m A`njn-- amb Kmb{Xn a{sa Am-co-]m-Zs t{ijvT
a{-amb kma-ns AwKw Xs-sbp a\-n-em-p-h sFiz-cy-k---\mbn `hn-p-p. kIe thZ-fpsS BZn-bn {]tbm-Kn--s-Sp-Xv {]W-ha
- m-Wv. AXpsImv {]W- hs kma-ns AwKw Xs-sbp IcpXp m\n aqp temI-sbpw Pbn-p--h-\m-bn-ocp-p. Ccp-]- n- \m- e- - c-ap alm-evao a{w bPpthZ-ns kzcq]w Xs. AXns\ kma- ns AwKw Xssbp Icp-Xp m\n bi-v, Ion, m\w,
Bbpv sFizcyw Fnh {]m]n-p-p. AwK- kln
Xw kma-thZw th-hn[w Adn-bp hyn Aar- X-Xzs
{]m]n-p-p. AXn-\m Cu kmaw AwK- klnXw
{Kln-t- - Xm-Wv. {]W-hw, Kmb-{Xn, bPpx kzcq- ]- amb almevao a{w Fn-hsb m\n-I A\-[n-Im-cn-Iv
]d- p-sIm-Sp-m-dn- . Fp-sIm-s- m A- s\-bp-h Ah a\-n-em-n-bmepw Ahv D-a-amb KXn e`np-I-bn-. AXn-\m at{m]-tZiw sImSp-p--Xn
hfsc {in-t-- Xp-.v A\- [n-Im-cn-Iv at{m- ]-tZiw
sImSp-p BNm-cy-mpw At[m-K-Xn-bm-W.v ap-nc---c-ap kmas Adn-b-Ww. kv{XoIpw iq{Zmpw at{m-]-tZiw \I-s-Sm-dn-.

4. k tlmhmN {]Pm-]Xnx Anssh tZhmx

CZw khw hnizm\n `qXm\n {]mWm hm C{nbmWn ]ithm A-a-arXw k{amSv kzcmSv hncmSv
XXv kmav\ x {]Yaw ]mZw Pm\o-b mXv EKypPpx
kmam-Yh cq]x kqtcym f cm-ZntXy lnc-bx
]pcp-j-kvXXv kmavt\m ZznXobw ]mZw Pm\o bmXv
b Hmj-[ o\mw {]`-hXn Xmcm-]Xnx tkma-k vX Xx
kmav\x XrXobw ]mZw Pm\o-bmXv k {_m k

]c-ta-iz-c Fn-h kma-ns NXp ]mZ-sapw

a\-n-em-p-I. Cs\ Adn-bp m\n AarXw {]m]np-p. t{ijvT-a-{-amb A\p-p-ns {]Y-a-]m-Z-ns
BZymwiw D{Khpw ZznXo-b-]m-Z-ns BZymwiw Pehpw
XrXo-b- ns BZymwiw \rknw- lhpw \memw ]mZ- ns
BZymwiw arXyp-hp-am-Wv. Cu \mep ]mZ--sfbpw kmans kzcq-]w-sImv a\-n-em--Ww. Cs\ a\-nem-p m\n AarXw {]m]n-p-p. Bsc-sb-nepw
Cu a{w D]-tZ-in--W-sa-n AXv kzoI-cn-m Xmev]cy-ap--h\pw tkhm-]-c-\p-amb ]p{Xt\m kZm-Nm-cn-bmb
injyt\m Bbn-cn--Ww.

5. k tlmhmN {]Pm-]Xnx otcm-ZmW-h-imbn\w \rtI-kcnw tbmKn-t[ybw ]caw ]Zw kma

Pm\o-b mtZym Pm\otX tkm f arXXzw N KXn
hoc w {]Y - a - X ym [ m w "Xw ' "kw ' ZznXob
kym[mw lw`o XrXo-b -k ym[mw arXypw
NXp-kym[myw kma Pm\o-bmtZym Pm\otX
tkm f arXXzw N K-Xn, Xkvam-ZnZw kma tb\
tI\ IZm-cy-ap-tJ\ tbm Pm\otX k tXss\h
ico-tcW kwkm-c-p-Ny-tX, amN-bXn apap-p`hXn P]m- t-s s\h ico-t cW tZh- X m- Zi\w
ItcmX n Xkvam- - t ah apJyw Zzmc w Ieu
\mt\yjmw `hXn Xkvam-ZnZw kmwKw kma Pm\obm-tZym-Pm-\otX k tkm f arX-Xzmb K-Xn.
{]Pm-]Xn ]dp: Cuiz-cs \rknw-l-cq] hn{Klw
oc-km-K-c-km-bn-bmbn ImW-s-Sp-Xv ]c-a-Z-cq-]hpw
tbmKn-Iv [ym\-tbm-Ky-hp-am-W.v B hn{Klw kma-th-Zns cq]-am-Wv. As\ am\n-p--h Aar-XXzw
{]m]n-p- p. t{ijvT -amb A\p-jv Tp-ns BZy-] mZ
]qhm-nse An-a-`mKw hocy-am-Ip-p. ZznXo-b
- n-

545

I sXv "Xw' "kw' BWv. XrXo-b-n-sXv "lw `o BIp-p.

Xp-kymyw kma Pm\o-bmtXym Pm\ntX tkm

NXp-n-sXv arXyp-hm-Wv. CsXmw kmaw Xs. f arXXzw N K-Xn. tbm f ku tkth- Z-b- a nZw
Cs\ Adn-bp- -h Aar-XXzw {]m]n-p-p. Cu kmaw Inw Nm\n {_- W ym- \ p- p`w Pm\o- b mtZym
GsX-nepw BNm-cy-\n \npw a\-n-emn BN-cn-p- Pm\ntX tkm f arXXzw N K-Xn. kv{Xo ]pcp-j-h Cu P-n Xs kwkm-c-_
- - \-ap--\m-p- tbmhm Csslh mXp-a-t]--tX. k ksshp, ap-- h-scbpw ap-\m-p-p. {]m]-nI taml-- izcyw ZZmXn b{X Ip{Xm-]n-{an-btX tZlmt tZhx
fnepw aa-XIfnepw s]p-g-ep hyn CXp tIp- ]cw {_-Xm-cIw hymNt tb\ Aku AarXo
tm tamt-p- hm- Ip- p. a{-cm-P-\mb kma- P]w sImv `qXzm kx Aar-XXzw N KXn Xkvam-ZnZw kma-a`K-hm \c-knw-l-aqn-bpsS Zi-\- ap-m-Ip-p. Ien-bp- [ymKw P]Xn Xkva m-ZnZw kmamwKw {]Pm-] Xnx
K- nse apn- p Ffpam- am- Wn- Xv. CXv icop a\- Xkvam-ZnZw kmamwKw ]3-Pm-]Xnx bx Ghw thtZXn
n-em-p--h Aar-XXzw {]m]n-p-p.
atlm-]m-\n-jXv b GXmw atlm-]-\n-jZw thZ k
IrX-]q-cp--c-tWm]n alm-hn-jvWp`-hXn alm-hn6. Hmw EXw kXyw ]cw {_ ]pcpjw kptI
jvWp`-h-Xn. CXn.
kcn-h n-{Klw IrjvW-]nw-Kfw Duz-tcXw hncq]mw icw \oe-tem-lnXw Dam-]Xnw ]ip-]Xnw
hniz-{k-m--fmb {]Pm-]-Xn-If
- mWv Cu kmam-I
- v. AXn-\m Ahsc
]n\m-In\w lyar-X-ZypXnw Cuim\x kh hnZym- a{-m kh PKpw krn-X
\m-ao-i zc kh-` q-Xm\mw {_m-[n-]-Xn {tWm hniz-kr-m--sfv ]d-bp-p. Ah aptJ\ Cu hnizw
f [n ]Xnx tbm ssh bPp thZ-hm-NykvXw kma {]I-S-am-bn. Cu cl-ky-a-dn-bp m\n-I {_-tem-IPm\o-bmtZym Pm\otX tkm f arXXzw KXn alm sbpw ]{_--]Z- -sbpw {]m]n-p-p. Cu kmas
- w. CXv Adn-bp--h `h-_--\{]Y-am-[-kymZyw jWw XrXo-bm-[-kymZyw AwK-k-lnXw Adn-bW
kma- N - X p [m- k ymZyw kma Pm\obm tZym ap--\mbn Aa-cXzw {]m]n-p-p.
Pm\otX tkm f arXXzw N K-Xn.

\rknw-l A-c ym-a nbpw kh-h ym-]n-b p-amWv

Atlw EXhpw kXy-hp-am-W.v a\p-jy-sbpw knwl-nsbpw BIr-Xn-tbmSp IqSn-b-h\pw Idppw abpw
Ie \nd-ap--h-\p-am-W.v At-l-ns t\{X- `b-c--fm-Wv. Atlw Xs Ieym-W-Im-cn-bmb inh
IWvT- n \oe-\n-dw. apI`mKv temln-X-hw--AXn-\m \oe-tem-ln-X-s\v ]d-bs
- -Sp-p. B `K-hm
\rknwlw Xs. Kncn-Pm-]-Xn, Dam-]-Xn, ]ip-]-Xn, hn\mIn
AXyw tXPkzn Atlw kh-hn-Zym-]-Xnbpw kh-`qX--fp-sSbpw kzman-bp-am-Ip-p. thZ-]-Xnbpw {_mhnsbpw kzmanbpw bPpth-Z-ns hmNym-hp-amb
B `K-hm \rknw-ls kma-sap ]d-b-Ww. CX-dn-bp-h Aar-XXzw {]m]n-p-p. A\p-jT
v p-ns {]Y-a-]mZ-ns D-cm BZy-`mKw alm Fp ZznXo-bN
- c
- W
Dm-cm-Zy- `mKw "htXm' Fp XrXo- b- ]mZ D-cmmZy-`mKw "jWw' Fp NXp-]mZ D-cmm-Zy-`mKw
\ax Fp-am-Ip-p. CX-dn-bp--h Aar-XXzw {]m]n-pp. Cu kmaw kn-Zm-\ kzcq-]-amb ]c-{_ Xs.
AX-dn-bp-- h Cu P- n Xs Aar-XXzw {]m]npw
AwK-k-lnXw Cu kmaw Adn-b-Ww. A{]-Imcw Adn-bp-h P\-\-a-c-W-c-ln-X-\mbn Aa-cXzw {]m]n-p-p.

7. hniz-krPv GtX\ ssh hniz-anZw Akr-PX

bZv hniz-a-kr-PXkvamXv hniz-krPm hniz-ta-\m\y-\p-{]-Pm-btX {_Wx kmbqPyw k temI-Xmb-n. Xkvam-Zn-Zw-kmwKw ka-Pm-\o-bm-tZym-Pm-\otX
tkm f arXXzw N KXn hnjvWpw {]Y-a-kymw
apJw ZznXo-b-kymw `{Zw XrXo-b-kymw alm-N-

Cu a{-ns {]Y-am- y-` mKw hnjvWp-hm-W v.

ZznXob `mKw apJw, XrXobw `{Zw, NXpw hyqlw Chsbmw kmaw Xs Cs\ Adn-bp--h Aa-cXzw
{]m]n-p-p. Cu XXzw Adn-n-p-Xv {]Pm-]XnbmWv.
{_- n-X-amb Cu A\p-jvTpv a{w {_--n Xs
nXn sNp-p. CX-dn-bp--h Aa-cXzw {]m]n-p-p.
Cu PK-n kv{Xo ]pcp-j-m D-am-Nm-c- sNbvXv
B\--{]m-]X
v n-m-{K-ln-p-p. Ahp `K-hm \rknwl kssh-iz-cy-epw \Ip-p. Ahsc Aar-X-{]m]vXnv Al-cm-p-p. tamt-N-Op- XmcI a{w
P]n--Ww, Cu atlm-]-\n-jv Adn-bp--h IrX-]p-c-cW
- -\m-sW-nepw alm-hn-jW
v p-hmbn `hn-p-p.

cmw D]-\ n-j v

1. tZh l ssh artXymx ]m]va`yx kwkm-cm-m_n-` -b pkvtX {]Pm-] -X n-ap-] -[ m-h w-k vtX`yx GXw
a{-cmPw \mc-knwlw {kw {]mb-t- \ ssh
tX kth arXyp-a-P-b kth ]m]va-\-kvXc
-
kwkm- c m- m- X - c w- k v X - a m- t Zym- a rtXymx ]m]v a `yx
kwkm-cm hn`o-bmXv k Ghw a{-cmPw \mc-knwl-am-\p-`w {]Xn KrlvWo bmXv k arXypw PbXn
k ]m]vam\w XcXn k kwkmcw XcXn Xky l
ssh {]W-hky bm ]qhm bm{Xm ]rYn-hy-Imcx
k EKv`n EtKz-tZm-{_m hkthm Kmb{Xo Kml]Xyxk kmav\x {]Yax ]mtZm `hXn ZznXo-bm-cow k DImcx k bPp`nb- P p thtZm
hnjvWp cp{Zmx {Xnp-_vZ-n-Wmnx k kmavt\m
ZznXobx ]mtZm `hXn XrXo-bmZyu k aImcx k

546

I kma`nx kma-th-tZm-cpt{Zm BZnXym PK-Xym-l-h\obx k kmav\-kvXr-Xobx ]mtZm `hXn bm Ahkmt\ f ky NXpy-am{Xm km kma-temI
HmwImcx tkm f Yh-s sWa-ss{-c -Y hthZx
kwh-\tIm f na-cptXm hncm-tUI Ejn
`mkzXo kmkmav\x NXpmx ]mtZm `h-Xn.
acWw ]m]w kwkmcw Chsb `bv Hcn- tZhm HmSn {]Pm-]-Xn-bmb {_m-hns\ icWw {]m]n-p.
{_mhv Ahv `K- hm \rknw-l-ns a{- cm-P-\mb
A\p-pv D]-tZ-in-p. Cu a{ knn-bm tZh-m acWs Pbn-p. Ah-scmw kh-]m-]-hn-ap--cmbn Fp
am{X-a-, kwkm-c-km-K-chpw Ac IS-p. AXn-\m acW- ]m] kwkm-c- `b-s-Sp hyn-I Cu a{s
icWw {]m]n-m aXn. Cs\ icWw {]m]n-p--h
arXyp ]m]w {]]w Chsb XcWw sNp-p.
Cu ]d t{ijvT a{- ns AwKw Xs- bmWv
{]W-hhpw {]Y-a-am-{Xm-bp--amb AIm-c-amWv {]W-hw.
]rYzn AXns temI-am-Wv. EKzn-`q-jn-X-amb EtKzZw Xs
AXns A[n-jvTm\w tZhX {_m-hv, Ov Kmb-{Xn.
AXv hkp-fpw Kmcl-]-Xym-n-bp-amWv {]W-h-ns
{]Y-a-am-{X-bn AXv \nn-]vX-am-Wv. AXp Xs kmans {]Y-a-]m-Zw.
{]W-h-ns ZznXob ]mZw DIm-c-amWv A-co-w,
A-cow bqth-Zw, cp{Z KpW-fpw hnjvWphpw
tZh-X-I {Xnp]v O-v. {]W-h
- ns XrXo-ba
- m-{Xa
aIm-ca
- m-Wv. ZyptemIw kma-th-Zw, cp{Z-m BZn-Xy-m
PKXn a\v Bl-h-\o- bmn Fn-h-sbmw XrXo-b- am-{XmK-X--fm-Ip-p. Cu XrXo-b-am{Xw Xs-bmWv kmans XrXob ]mZw.
{]W-h-ns NXp-am-{X-bn \mZm--I-amb
A-am-{X-bpsS {]Xo-Xn-bp-m-Ip-p. AXn N{-temIw
Hmm-c-hm-Nn-bmb ]c-{_ AYh-thZw kwhIw
F An, acp-p-I hncmP Ov Fn-h-bp-v.
CXns Ejn {_m-hm-Wv. {_-cq-]-n-em-I-bm AXv
AXyw {]Im- i-ap-- Xm- Wv. Cu NXp am{X Xs- bmWv
kma-ns \memw-]m-Zw.

2. Am- cx {]Yax ]mtZm `h- X y- m- - c mkv{Xb ]mZm `h-tyhw Zzm{Xnw-iZ- --cmWn kZytX Zzm{Xnw-iZ- -cm hm A\p-jvSp]v `hXn A\p`m kh-anZw krw A\p-p`m kh-ap-]-kwhrXw Xky ssl Xky ln ]mw-Km\n `hn
NXzmcx ]mZm-X
- zmcn AwKm\n `hn k {]Whw
khw ]aw `hXn Hmw lrZ-b mb \ax Hmw
inctk kzmlm inJmssb hjSv Hmw Ih-Nmb
lpw Hmw Akv{Xm-b -^ Sv CXn {]Yaw {]Y-ta\
bpPytX ZznXobw ZzoXn-tb-\, XrXobw XrXo-tb-\,
NXpw NXpt-\, ]aw ]-ta-\, hyXn-

jnm hm Cta temImx XkvamZv hyXn-jn-m\n

AwKm\n `hn Hmw CXn GXZv A-c-anZw khw
XkvamXv {]Xy-cw D`-bXv HmwImtcm `h-Xo-Xy-cmWmw \ymkw D]-Zn-iXn {_-hm-Zn\x

Fv Acfp A\p-pv a{- ns {]Y-a-]mZ-amWv Fv A-c- hoX- ap aqp ]mZ-. \mep

]mZ--enepw IqSn ap-n- cp A-c--fm-Wv. Cu A\pp-n-\m-emWv kh-P-Kpw Dm-bn-p--Xv. kwlm-chpw
AXp-sImp Xs. CXns \mev AwK--sfbpw ]n ]dp. {]Whw AXns Am-as AwK-am-Wv. a\pjys ico-c-n Av AwK- D- Xp-t]mse A\pp-n\pw Cs\ Av AwK-fmWv. lrZ-bw, inc-v,
inJm, akvX-Iw, _mlp-aqew cn\pw Av AwK-
Dtm. a{- ns {]Y-amw-Ks lrZ-b-tmSpw ZznXobmw-Ks inc-n-t\mSp XrXo-bmw-Ks inJ-tbmSpw
NXpmw-Kw cp _mlp-aq-e--tfmSpw ]-amwKs akvX-I-tmSpw tbm#n-n-mw. temI-amsI tNncvp-Xp t]mse cns AwK-fpw ]c-kv]-c-_-n-Xam-W.v HmwImcw ka- kX
v -hnizw Xs A\p-p-ns Hmtcm
A-c-n-sbpw cp hi--enepw Hmw Imcw tNcWw
{_m- \n- I Cu a{-nse Hmtcm \ymk-s- - nbpw
D]-tZ-in-p-p.
3. Xky l hm D{Kw {]Yaw m\w Pm\o bmtZym
Pm\otX tkm f arXXzw N KXn hocw ZznXobw kvXm\w
alm- hnjvWpw XrXobw Pzew NXpw kh-tXm- apJw
]aw \rknwlw jjvTw `ojWw k]vXaw `{Z-a-aw
arXypw \h-aw-\a
- man Ziaw Al-anXn GIm-Ziw m\w
Pm\o-bmtZym Pm\otX tkm f arXXzw N KXn GIm-Zi
]mZm hm A\p-p]v `h-Xy-\p-p`m kh-an-Z-ap-]-kw-lrXw
XkvamXv kh-an-Z-a-\p-`w Pm\o-bmtZym Pm\otX tkm f
arXXzw K K-Xn.
A\p-p-ns {]Y-a-m\w D{K-am-Wv. CX-dn-bp-- h
Aa-c-\mIpw ZznXo-b
m\w hocw. XrXobw m\w almhnjvWp NXp-km-Ym\w Pze-w, ]-a-m\w khtXm-ap-Jw, jjvT- m\w \rknw-lw, k]vX-a-m\w `ojWw. A-a-m\w `{Zw. \h-a-m\w arXyp, Zi-a-m\w
\aman GIm-Ziw Alw. C{]-Imcw Adn-bp--h AarXXzw {]m]n-p- p. GIm- Z-i- ]- Z-- ep A\p- jvT]v Op
aptJ-\-bmWv kq PKpw krn--s-n-p--Xv.
kwlm-chpw AXn-\m Xs. kI-eXpw A\p-p-ns
aln-am-hn-ti-j-am-W.v C{]-Imcw Adn-bp--h Aar-XXzw
e`n-p-p.

4. tZhm l s s h {] Pm- ] - X n- a - { _ p- h - Y
IkvamZpNyX D{K-anXn k tlmhmN {]Pm-]-Xn
bkvamXv kza-lnav\m khm temIm khm
tZhm B\x khmWn `qXm\n DZ-Kr-lvWmXn
AP{kw krPXn hnkr-PXn hnhmk bXn D{Km-

547

I lyX DZvKr-lytX kvXpln {ipXw KU-X-kZw

bphm\w arKw \ `oaw D]-lXp ap{Kw ZrVm-P-cnt{X
knwl-k vX -hmt\m A\yw tX Akvan- n-h -h p
tkx Xkva-Zp-NytX D{K-anXn AY-I-kvam-Zyp-NytX
hoc-anXn bkvamXv kza-lnav\m khm temIm
khm tZhm B\x khmWn `qXm\n hocanXn hocm-a-b-Xy-P{kw krPXn hnkr-PXn hmkbXn btXm hocx IWyx kpc-t-a-bp--{Kmhm
PmKtX tZh Imax Xkvam-Zp-NytX hoc-an-Xn.
tZh-m tNmZnp: \rknw-ls D{K-s\p ]d-bp-sX- p-sIm-mWv? DK{]Pm-]Xn ]d-p. `K-h m
\rknwlw kza-lnabm kh-tZ-h
- m-scbpw kh-`q-X-sfbpw khm-m--sfbpw kh-tem-I--sfbpw kap-n-bnemp-p. Atlw Ah-bpsS krn nXn kwlmc-IrXyw \nh-ln-p-p. temIs A\p-{K-ln-p-Ibpw
A\p-{K-ln-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXp-sImv At-ls
D{K-s\v ]d-bp-p. {ipXn-I Bsc kvXpXn-p-tm B
]c-ta-iz-cs\ kvXpXn-p-w. Atlw lrZ-b-Kp-l-b n
nXn sNp-p. Atlw Xmcp-Wy-m kp-c-\m-Wv.
knwl- cq-]-n {]Xy--\m- Ip-s- nepw `-mv `oIc-\
- . kI-e-cnepw Zb ImWn-p-p. Fpw Fp-p.
Atlw k- \-{Xm-W\pw Zp- a-I- \p-am-Wv. AXp-sImv
D{K Fp t] Inn. ]ns tZh-m tNmZn-p. \c-knwls hoc Fv ]d-bm Imc-W-sav? {_mhp ]dp. `K-hm \rknwlw kzam-b- bm kh-`q-X-- sebpw
kh-tem-I
- -sfbpw ]menv hn`n--eo-eI
- f
- m-Sp-p. kIe-Xnepw hym]n-n-cn-p-p. krn-bpsS kwc--I\pw
kwlm-c-I\pw Atlw Xs. kq hnizhpw {]f-bn-\p-tijw At-l-n ebn-p-p. AXn-\m hncs\v ]d-bp-p.

AY Ikvam-Zp-N ytX alm hnjvWp-c nXn bx

k hm te mIm hym] v t \ mXn hym] - b X n
kv t \tlm bYm ]e- e - ] n- - t am- X - t {]m- X - a - \ p{] m] v X w hyXnjvtIm hym] ytX hym] - b tX
bkvam PmXx ]tcm f t\ymkvXn b Bhn-th-i`q-h -\ m\n hnizm {]Pm-] Xnx {]Pbm kwhn-Z m-\ kv{XoWn tPymXnjn k l tX tjmU-ioXn XkvamZp-NytX alm-hnjvWp cnXn AY-I-ka
v m-Zp-NytX Pze-anXn bkvam-Xv. kza-lnav\m khm temIm
k hm tZhm k hm- \ m- \ x k hmWn
`qXm\n kztX- P km PzeXn Pze- b Xn PzeytX
khnXm {]k-h nXm Zo]vtXm Zo]-b Zo]y-am\x
Pze PzenXm X] hnX-] kwX-] tcmNt\m
tcmN-am\x tim`\x tim`-am\x IeymWx Xkvam-ZpNytX Pze--an-Xn.

-fnepw hym]n-n-cn-p-p. temIw {]-f-b-Im-ev Atl-n hnebw sImp-p. EtKz-Z-n At-l-ns

alna {]Ion- p-p-v. {]P-I-fpsS D]m-ky-tZ-h\
- m-Wv.
tjmU-i-I-em-bp--\mbn {Xnhn[ tXP-p-If
- n khnepw hym]n-n-cn-p--Xn-\m alm-hnjvWp Fv ]dbp-p. At-ls Pzme Fv ]d-bp--sX- s tZhm-cpsS tNmZy-n\v adp-]-Sn-bmbn {_mhv ]d-p. `Khm kza-ln-a-bm khm-m--sfbpw kh-tem-I-sfbpw kh-`q-X--sfbpw kz tXP-n-\m {]Im-inn-pp. EtKz-Zn Cs\ ]d-n-p-v. Atlw khnXmhpw {]k-hn-Xmhpw BWv. {]Im- i-bp-\pw {]Pz-en-X\pw
Zo]vX\pw Zo]n-n-p--h\pw Zo]y-am-\\pw Pzen-p- -h\pw
Pzen-n-p--h\pw X]n-p--h\pw X]n-n-p--h\pw
tcmN-\\pw tcmN-am-\\pw tim`-\\pw tim`-am-\\pw IeymW-Im-cn-bp-am-Wv. AXn-\m At-ls Pzen-p--h
Fp hnti-jn-n-n-cn-p-p.

5. AY Ikvam-Zp-NytX kh-tXm-ap-J-anXn bkvamZ-\n-{n-tbm]n khXx ]iyXn khXx irtWmXn

khtXm KXn khX BZt k khix
khXx XnjvTXn GIx ]pc- k vX mZv BZy CZw
_`qh btXm _`qh `qh- \ ky tKm]mx bw
At]yXn `ph\w kmw]-cmtb \aman Xalw khtXm-apJw Xkvam-Zp-NytX khtXm apJ-an-Xn.
Atls Fp-sIm-mWv khtXm apJ-s\p
]d-bp- Xv? Fv tZh- m tNmZn- -tm {_mhv
]dp: Atlw C{n-bm-Xo-X-\m-bn-cp-npw kh-Po-hnI-sfbpw Bm-sfbpw tZh-m-scbpw kh-tem-I
- sebpw kza-ln-a-bm kh{X hon-p-Xp sImpw
tIp-Xp sImpw {Kln-p-Xp sImpw Fm
`mKpw k-cn-p-Xp sImpw Fm m\pw
hym]n-n-cn-p-Xp sImpw At-ls ktXm-p-Js\p ]d-bp-p. EtKz- Z-n At- l- ns alna hnn-p-v. krnp apv GI-\mbn hniz-n PmX-\m-bn.
kIe hniz-n-sbpw {km-hm-bn. kwc--I-\m-bn. HSphn Xn Xs ebn-n-p-p. Rm At-ls \akvI-cn-p-p. AXp-sIm-mWv \rknwlw kh-tXm-p-J\m-b- Xv.

AY Ikva m-Zp-N ytX \rknw-l -anXn bkvamXv

kthjmw `qXm\mw k hocy-Xax t{ijvT -X-a
k nw tl m hocy- X ax t{i j v T - X - a Xk vamX v
\rknwlx BkoXv ]c-ta-iztcm hm PK-nXw hm
GXZv cq]-a- cw `hXn {]`-h njvW p kvX htX
hocymb artKm \ `oax IpNtcm KcnjvTmx btkym
cpjp {Xnjp hn{I-taW jz[n nbn `ph-\m\n
hnizm-k vXk
- vam-Zp-N ytX \rknw-l-an-Xn.

tZh- m tNmZnp: alm-hnjvWp Fp ]d-bm Imc\rknwlw Fv ]d-bp--sX-n-\m-W?v Fv tZh- m

W-sav? {_mhp ]d-p. `K-hm \c-knwlw kza-ln-abm kI-et- Z-h-m-cnepw kI-e-B-m--fnepw kh-`q-X- tNmZn--tm {_mhv ]dp: Fm-Po-hn-I-fnepw shv

548

I a\p-jy ]cm-{Iaw {]kn--am-Wtm AXp-t]mse arK--fn

4. AY Ikv a m- Z p- N ytX arXyp- a nXn bkv a mXv

knwlhpw ]cm-{I-an-bm-Wv. AXp-sImv \c-sbpw knwl- kzalnav\ m kz`-ym\mw kvarX Gh arXyp-a-]n-sbpw kwbp--cq-]-m ]cm-{I-a-n\v alXzw arXypw N amc-bXn bx BZx _eZx bky hniz
IqSpw. AXn-\m-emWv `K-hm B cq]w [cn--Xv. Cu cq]- D]m-ktX {]injyw bky tZhx bky Omb-arXw
n hniz- n\v \ sNp- p. At- l- ns cq]w Ahn- tbmar-Xyp-arXypx Ikvssa tZhmb l hnjm hnt[\m-inbpw k\m- X-\-hp-am-W.v thZ-n At-l-ns cq]- a-Xk
- vam-Zp-NytX arXyp arXyp-an-Xn.
s- n ]d-n-pv. hnjvWp `K-hm knwl-cq]w [cnv
kvtXmX--fn {]kvXp-X-\mbn hn`n kvtXm{X--fm
Atlw kvXpXn--s-Sp knwl-cq-]-[m-cn-bm-sW-nepw
Atlw `-mv `b- -c-\- . `qan-bnepw ]h-X-- fnepw
kh{X hncm-Pn- p- p. kh-h ym-] n-b mb Atlw
kvtXmXm--fpsS hmnepw AS- p-p. aqp ]mZ--fn-epambn {Xn`p-h-\hpw HXp- p-p. AXn-\m \rknw-l F
t]cv Inn.

3. AY Ikvam-Zp-NytX `oj-Wa
- nXn bkvamZv bky
cq]w Zrzm kh-temImx kth tZhmx khmWn
`qXm\n `oXym ]em-b-t, kzbw bXx IpX-n
_nt`Xn `nb-kvamXv hmXx ]htX `ntbm-t`Xn kqcyx
`nbm-Z-kvam-Z- n-t-{ arXyp [mhXn ]ax
Xkvam ZpNytX `oj-a-an-Xn.
At-ls `oj-Ws
- \p ]d-bp--Xn\v Imc-W-sasv tZh-m tNmZn--tm {_mhp ]dp: At-lns `oj-Wc
- q] Iv Fmhcpw `b-p. -tZ-h-m-cpw
kh-Po-hn-Ifpw kh-tem-I-epw At-l-ns `oI-ccq]w Iv `b-sp HmSn ad-bp-p. Fm Atlw
Bscbpw `b-s-Sp-n-. thZ-n ]d-n-p-v. Ctls `b-mWv kqcy {]Im-in-p--Xv. hmbp Nen-pv, An Pzen-p--Xv, C{ ag-s]-n-p--Xv. Ctls `b- n- mWv arXyp t]mepw Pohn- Isf tZl- p-\np
ap- am-p- Xv AXp-sImv At-ls `oj- W- s\v ]dbp-p.

AY Ikvam-Zp-NytX `{Z-anXn bkvamXv kzbw

`t{Zm `qXzm khZm `{Zw ZmZmXn tcmNt\m tcmN
am\x tim_\x tim`-am\x IeymWw `{Zw It`nx
hytih tZh- l nXw bZmbpx Xkv a m- Z p- l ytX
`{Z-an-Xn.

arXyp arXyp Fp ]d-bm Imc-W-sa-mWv Fv

tZh- m tNmZn-p. Atm {_mhv ]dp: `K- hm kzaln-a-bm Xs `-m kvacn-p am{X-bn Xs
Ah-cpsS arXyp-hn-s\bpw A]-ar-Xyp-hn-s\bpw ian-n-pp. thZ-n ]d-bp-p. BcpsS Bb\p-k-cn-mtWm
tZh-m Xe-Ip-\nv B-]m-en-p--Xv. BcpsS Omb
AarX kzcq-]-am-bn-cn-p- tm Bcv Bm-hn-s\bpw intbbpw {]Zms\ sNp-tm Bcv arXyp-hn-sbpw arXyphmtWm A- s\-bp GI\pw AZzn- Xo-b-\p- amb `K-hms
apn Bcm-[\ \S-pp Cm-c-W-m `K-hms\
arXyp-arXyp Fv ]d-bp-p.

5. AY Ikv a m- Z p- N ytX \am- a oXn bkv a mZyw

kth tZhm \an aap-thm {_m-Zn-\ --{]\q\w {_-k v]-X na{w hZ-X ypIvY w bkvan
Ct{m hcptWm ant{Xm Acyam tZhx HmImwkn
N{Intc Xkvam-Zp-NytX \am-aoXn
a{-cm-P-\n \aman F ]Zw Fn-\p-]-tbm-Knp
Fv tZh-m tNmZn--tm {_mhv ]dp: Fm tZhmcpw {_-hm-Zn-Ifpw tamt- Ni
v p--fmb km[-I-mcpw
\a-kI
v -cn-p-p. AXn-\m At-ls \a-kI
v -cn--Ww.
thZ-n ]d-n-cnp-p. bmsXmcp `K-hms\ eo-Icn-p-sIm-mtWm {_mhv Xs kvXh-n \a-kvI-cnp-Xv B `hm {_m-hn-sbpw thZ--fp-sSbpw kwc-I-\m-Wv. Atlw C{, hcp-W, an{X AXy-amhv
XpS-n-b-hv B{i-ba
- mWv AXp-sImv At-l-n-\pthn \aman F ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-p.

6. AY Ikvam-Zp-NytX Al-anXn Al-akvan {]YaPm EXm-ky-]qhw tZtht`ymx Aar-Xky \m`mbn

tbm am ZZmXn k Cu tZh amhmx Al-a--a--a-ZCt-ls `{Z Fp ]d-bp-Xv Fp-sIm-sv - a mZv a nx Alw hnizw `ph\ aXy- ` - h m- k ptZh- m tNmZn- - tm {_mhv ]dp: `{Zw F- Xns htPymXnx b Ghw thZ CXyp-]-\n-j-Xv.
Aw awKfw Fm-Wv. Atlw kzbw Imn-am\pw
A\ysc Imn-am-m-cm-p--h\pw BWv. kzbw tim`m-k--\m-bmepw A\ysc tim`m-a-b-cm-p-Xp sImpw
Cs\ t] Inn. thZ-n ]d-n-cn-p- p. tZh-msc
R bw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p-tm ImXp-I
awKfw tIp-am-dm-It- W. Ip-I-fm awKfw Zin-tW. `K-hms\ {]Ion-p-sImv ZrV- -emb AwK-em I- sNbvXv tZh-m Cn-p-n-S-tmfw
Bbpv t\S-s. Cs\ hn--s-Sp-I-bm `K-hms\
`{Z-s\p ]d-bp-p.

a{-n Alw F ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-n-cn-p--sXn-\m-sWv tZh-m tNmZn--tm {_mhv ]dp:

{ipXn-bn ]d-n-p-v. Rm tZh-mv apv {]I-S-amb-h-\m-W.v Rm\mWv Cu Zriyhpw AZr-iy-hp-amb {]]-n\p app Xs {]I- S-amb Bmhv \n Fs cnn-p-ap-v. Rm A- am-W.v A- `--I-m-cpsS `-I-\pam-bn-on-cn-p-p. kqcy-{]-Im-ihpw Fs {]Im-ins apn \njv{]-`-am-Wv. CXv Adn-bp- -h-\mWv Fs
bYm D]m-k-I.

549

I aqmw D]-\n-jv
tZhm l ssh {]Pm-] -X n-c -A -{_p-h- -\ p- p-`ky-a-{-c m-P ky \mc-knw-lky inw _oPw N
t\m {_qln `Kh CXn k tlmhmN {]Pm ]Xnx
ambm hm Gjm \mc-k nwlo kh-anZw krPXn
kh-an{Zw cXn kh-anZw kwl-cXn XkvamXv
am bmthXmw inw hnZym- c Zy GXmw ambmw
inw thZ k ]m]vam\w XcXn tkm f arXXzw
N KXn alXow {inb-a-iv\ptX aoamwk t {_hm-Znt\m {lkzm hm ZoLm hm pXm thXn bZn
{lkzm `hXn khw ]m]vam\w Zl-Xy-ar-XXzw N
KXn bZn ZoLPm `hXn alXow {iob-am-]v\pbmXv Aar-X Xzw N KXn {inb-aiv\ ptX aoamwkt {_-hm-Znt\m {lkzm hm ZoLm hm Xm
`hXn m\-hm `hXn Aar-XXzw N KXn XtZXZv Ejn-tWmw \nZi-\w- k C\w ]mln b
EPnjn Xcq{X {inbw evanw Hu]-emw-_nImw Kmw
jjvTow N bmw C{-tkt\ XypX Blp kvXmw
hnZymw {_ tbm\nw k cq]mw Xan-l m-b ptj
icWw {]]tZy kthjmw hm GX-Zv` q-X m\mw
BImix ]cm-bWw khmWn lhm CW-B-\C
`qXm\n BIm- i m- t Zh Pmbt BIm- i m- t Zh
PmXm\n Pohn BImiw {]bn A`n-kw-hn-in
Xkv a m- Z m- I miw _oPw hnZym- tZ ZXv EjntWmw \nZi\w lwkx ipNn-Zzn-jkypx Aco kmXm thZ-j-Z-XnYnx Zptcm-Wk
- -r-j-Zz-c-kZpX kZv thyma kZ_vPm tlmPm EXPm A{ZnPm
EXw _rlXv b Ghw thtZXn atlm-]-\n-j-Xv.
tZh-m {]Pm-]-Xn-tbmSv ]dp: \c-knw-l-ns
t{ijvT -a-{-amb A\p-p-ns in-sb--nbpw _oPs--nbpw D]-tZ-in-m-epw. {_mhv ]dp: Cu hnizns krn nXn eb-Im-cnWn `K-hms in cq]bmb amb-bm-W.v amb-Xs in. ambsb in-cq-]-ne-dn- bp m\n ]m]w \on `h-km- Kcw ISv Aar-XXzw
{]m]n-p-p. Ah\v Fpw kpJ-k-arn e`n-p-p.

kh-Po-hn-Ifpw D`-hn-Xv BIm-i- n \nm-W.v

Fm-n-sbpw B{i-b-m-\hpw AXm-W.v BIm-i- n
\nv Poh [cnv Fmw BIm-i-n hne-bn-p-p.
AXn-\m BImiw kh-n-sbpw _oP-am-W.v `K-hm
Xs ]c-a-[m-a- n {]Im- in-p-p. Atlw Xs hkp. {Kl--fnse AXn-Yn-Ifpw Atlw Xs. bth- Zn-bn {]Xn-jvTn-X-amb Anbpw At-l- am-Wv. Atlw
Xs An-bpw lhnpw tlma-{Z-hy--fpw. Atlw
BIm-i-nepw kz-nepw ar-tem-I-nepw kXytem- I- nepw hkn-p-p. ]rYzo, Pew, ]h-X- F
kI-eX
- nepw {]I-S-am-p-Xv ]c-a-amb kXyhpw alm\pw
Atlw Xs. C{]-Imcw Adn-bp m\n Fm alXzhpw A\p-`-hn-p-p. CXv atlm-]-\n-j-m-Ip-p.

\memw D]-\ n-j v

1. tZhm l ssh {]Pm-]-Xn-a-{_p-h--\p-p-`k
- pa-{ -cm-Pky \mc-knw-l-k ymwK a{m-tm-{_qln
`Kh CXn k tlmhmN {]Pm- ] Xnx {]Whw
kmhn{Xnw bPqevaow \r knwl kmb{Xnw CXn
CwKm\n Pm\o-bm-Xv. tbm Pm\otX tkm f arXXzw
N KXn Hman-tXy-ZZ- --c-anZw khw Xtkym-]h
- ymJym\w `qX `hZv `hn-jyXv CXn khw HmwImc
Gh bm-\rXv {XnIm-em-XoXw XZ]n Hmmc Gh
khw tly XZv {_m-b-amm {_-tkm-b-amm
N Xp- j v]mZv PmK- c n- X - mt\m _l n- { ] x
k]v X mwKx GtIm- \ - h nw- i - X n- a pJx qe- ` pIv
sshizm-\ cx {]Yax ]mZx kz]v\ - mt\ A{]x kv] XmwK GtIm\ hnwi-Xnapkx {]hnhn `pIv ssXPtkm ZzXobx ]mtZm, b{X kp]vtX
\ I\ Imaw Ima-b tX \ I\ kz]v \ w
]iyXn XXv kpjp]vXw kpjp]vX m\ GIo`qXx {]m-\ -L \ Ghm- \ - - a-tbm-] ym-\ - -` pIv
tNtXm-apJx {]-kvXr-Xobx ]mZ Gj kthizcx Gj khx Gj A- c ymao Gj
tbm\nx khky {]`hm ]ybu ln `qXm\mw \
_ln-{]w \mx{]w \ {]m-\-L-\-a-Zr-hy-h-l m-c -a-{Km-ly-a-e --Wa
- -enw-K-a-N nv ah-hy-]tZ-iy-ta-I m- -{]-X y-b-kmcw {]]-tm-]-i aw inhs s ZzX w N X p w a\ yt k B m k
hntbx

`K-hms ambm-in {lkztam ZoLtam qXtam

Fv {_m-Zn-I Nnn-m-dp-v. {lkz-sa-n {lkz-sa-dn-bp-Ib
- m-sW-n Ah ]m]-ap--\mbn Aar-XXzw
{]m]n-p-p. ZoL-am-sW- n AX- dn-bp- -h al-mb
{_m-hn-t\mSv tZh-m ]dp: `K-hm-s\, a{-cm-PsFizcyw {]m]nv Aa-c-\m-Ip-p. qX-am-sW-n AX-dn- \mb A\p-p-ns AwK-`q-X- amb a{- Rv
bp--h AXyw m\n-bmbn Aar-XXzw t\Sp-p.
]dp Xc-Ww. {_mhv ]dp: {]W-hw, bPpe-van,
Cs\ ]d- b-s-Sp ambm-cq-]-amb _np-a-b- kz-c-ta, Kmb-{Xn, \c-knw- l-Km-b{Xn Ch a{- cm-Ps AwK-`q-X-F\nv kwkm-c-km- Kcw XcWw sNm- \m-{K- l- apv AXn\v fmb a{--fm-Wv. AXv Adn-bp--h\v sFiz-cyhpw HSp- zhpw e`n-pw.
Rm i-cs in-bmb C{-tk-\-sbbpw hnZym-i-n- hn Aa-cX
sbbpw B{i-bn-p-p. Fm in-I-tfmSpw tNv
Fs cn-p-I.

Ahn-\m-in-bm-Wv Hmwmcw, kq Zriy-{]-]w

AXns aln-a-b m-Wv. `qX-h-am-\`- h
- n-jy--fp-ambn

550

I _-s--h-sbmw Hmwm-c-am-Wv. {XnIm-e-n \npw

Ap-d-p-Xpw Hmmcw Xs. AXv `K-hm \r-knw- lam-W.v \mep ]mZ- tN-h-\m-W-t-lw.

Pm{K- Z - h - , qe - { ] - ] w C h- b ps S
m\hpw _mly-{]-]-m--I-amb m\-ns
tI{hpw k]v X - t em- I - - f p- s Sbpw AwKhpw
Ap It-{n-b - \mev AxIc-W -
Cs\ ]sm]Xp Imcy- apJ-a m-b n- pXpw qe-{]-]-
- ns t`mmhpw sshizm\-c -s \- -\ n-e -b n {]kn- \pw kh-c q-] -\ p-amb
An `K-hm \c-knw-l-ns {]Y-a-]m-Z-am-Ip-p.

thZ alXow {inb-a-iv\ptX Hmw \rknw-lmb hnZvatl-h-{P-\-Jmb [oaln Xtm knwlx {]tNm-Zb
- mXv
CtXyjm ssh \rknw-l-Km-b{Xn thZm\mw tZhm\mw
\nZm\w `h-Xn. b Ghw thZ k \nZm-\-hm `hXn
tZhm l ssh {]Pm-]-Xn-a-{_p-h-Y ssIass{x
tZhx kvXpXyx {]otXm `hXn kzmm\w Zi-bXn
Xtm {_qln `Kh CXn k tlmhmN {]Pm-]Xnx
Hmw Dw Hmw tbm ssh\r-knwtlm tZthm `K-hm\y {_m Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax

(1) Hmw {Kw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZh `Khm-\y hnjvWp-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
kz]v\m-h-bpw AXn-\m {]`m-hn-X-hp-amb Cu (2) Hmw how Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZh `Kkqva-hnizw BcpsS m\- am- Wv. BcpsS B- m\w hm-\r atl-iz-c-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
{]]--n hym]n- n-cn-p- p. k]vX- tem- I- epw BcpsS (3) Hmw cw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `KapJ-am-Wv, Bv ]sm]Xv apJ-ap-v, Bcv kqva- hm-\y ]pcpj kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
{]-]--ns t`mmhpw ]me-I\
- p-am-W.v A-s\-bp (4) Hmw aw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `KssXP-k-]p-cp-j Xs-bmWv \rknw-l-ns ZznXob hm-\y Cuiz-c-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
]mZw.
(5) Hmw lmw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm
kpjp-]X
v nbpw {]f-bm-h- bpw BcpsS m\-am-W,v `K-hmt\ym kc-kz-cXo Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax
BcpsS cq]w L\o-`q-X-hn-m-\-am-Wv, BcpsS apJw (6) Hmw lw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `KNnb {]Im-i-am-W v, B\- -a-b-am-W v, A-s \-bp hm\yx {iokvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
{]m-]p-cp-j Xs-bmWv \rknw-l-ns XrXob
(7) Hmw hnjvWpw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm
]mZw. Cs\ {Xn]m-Zb
- p--\mb ]c-a-in-h kI-e-cp`K-hm bm Kuco Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax
sSbpw kzmanbpw kh- \pw A-cym-anbpw BWv. kIe-Xn- sbpw krn nXn kwlm-c-m- \hpw AXp Xs. (8) Hmw Pzw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `Khm bm {]Ir Xnkvakvssa ssh \tam \ax
qe-kq-va-\pw {]m\w L\o-`h
- n-m-(9) Hmw ew Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `Kh\pw AZr-iy\pw \ncm-Im-c\pw Bb ]q-{_ Xshm bm hnZym Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax
bmWv `K-h m \c-knw-l- ns NXp-] m-Z-sav
m\n-I ]d-bp-p. apv kqNn-n \mep ]mZ--fnepw (10) Hmw Xw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `KBsc--n-bmtWm hn-n-cn-p-Xv AXv `K-hm \c- hm-\y HmwImc kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(11) Hmw kw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `Kknwlw Xs. At-ls a\-n-em--Ww.
hmt\y NX{kx [mkvXmkvXkvssa th \tam
2. AY kmhn{Xo Kmb{Xo bm bPpjm t{]mm\ax
Xbm kh-anZw hym]vXw LrWn-cnXn tZz A-tckqcy CXn {XoWn BZnXy CXn {XoWn GXZv ssh (12) Hmw hm Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `Kkmhn-{Xm-k ymm- cw ]Zw {inbm-` n-j nw b hm tb N thZmx kmwKmx k imJmkvX kvssa
Ghw thZ {inbm sslhm-`n-jn-NytX XtZ-ZXv ENm- ssh \tam \ax
`yp- w--EtNm Atc ]cta thymav\ y kvan (13) Hmw tXm Hmw tbm ssh \rknw-tlm-tZthm `KtZhm A[n-hntiz \ntjZpx bkvX thZ-In-arNm hmt\y ]m--b-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
Icn-jyXn b CZv hnZpkvX Cta-k-am-kX CXn (14) Hmw apw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `K\ l hm GX \yNm \ bPpjm \ kmav\mtm hm bmx k]vX hymlr-X-b-kvXkvssa ssh \tam
f kvXn bx kmhn{Xnw thZ CXn
\ax
Hmw `q eva o`p-h evaox kphx Ime- (15) Hmw Jw Hmw tbm ssh \rknw-lm-tZthm `KIWo Xtm alm-e vaox {]tNm- Z-b m-Z n- tXym- hm tb Nmu temI-]m-em-kvXkvssa ssh \tam
jmssh alm-e- va obPpx Kmb{Xn NXphnw-i- \ax
Xy- cm `hXn Kmb{Xn hm CZw khw bZnZw (16) Hmw \pw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `KInw N XkymZy GXmw alm-evaow bmPpjow hm tb Nmu hk-h-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax

551

I (17) Hmw knw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm

`K-hm tb N cp{Zm-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(18) Hmw lw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `Khm tb N BZn-Xy-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(19) {lnw `ow tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `Khm tb Nmu {Klm-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(20) Hmw jw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `Khm bm\n ]-alm `qXm\n Xkvssa ssh Xtam
\ax
(21) Hmw Ww Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `Khm-\y Ime-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(22) Hmw `w Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `Khm-\y a\p-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(23) Hmw {Znw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `Khm-\y arXyp-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(24) Hmw apw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `Khm-\y ba-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(25) Hmw Xypw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm
`K-hm-\yI -kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(26) Hmw apw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `Khm-\y {]mW-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(27) Hmw Xypw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm
`K-hm-\y kqcy-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(28) Hmw \w Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `Khm-\y tkma-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(29) Hmw amw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `Khm-\y hncmSv ]pcpj-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(30) Hmw ap Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `Khm-\y Poh-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(31) Hmw lw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `Khm-\y khw Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(32) CXn Xm {]Pm- ] Xnx A{_- h oXv GssXx
Zzm{Xnw-iXv ass{x \nXyw tZhw kvXphtX XtXm
tZhx {]otXm `hXn kzm\w Zi-bXn XkvamZy
GssXass{x \nXyw tZhw kvXuXn k tZhw
]ivXn k khw ]iyXn tkm f arXXzw N KXn. b Ghw thtZXn atlm-]-\n-j-Xv.
hopw tZh-m {_m-hn-t\mSv tNmZnp: `K-hm-s\,
`K-hm \rknw-ls GsX-sX-mw kvtXm{Xw sImp
kvXpXn- m-emWv At-l- ns Zi\w e`n-p -X v.
{_mhv ]dp: apI-fn ]d-b-s ap-n-cp kwJybp t{ijvT-a -{- ns ap-n-c p a{- -fm
Atlw {]k--\m-bn- o-cp-p. Cu a{--fm \nXyhpw
At-ls kvXpXn-p-I. As\ sNbvXm At-lns Zi\w e`n-pw. Aar-XXzw {]m]n-m\pw AXv D]-

I-cn-pw. CXv Adn-bp--h\pw ta ]d ^ew knnpw. Cs\ atlm-]-\n-j-v.

Amw D]-\ n-j v

1.tZhm l ssh {]Pm-]-Xn-a-{_p-h alm-N{Iw \maN{Iw t\m {_qln `Kh CXn kh ImanIw tamZzmcw btZym-Kn\ D]-Zn-i-n. k tlmhmN {]t`m
]Xnx jUmcw `hXn jSv ]{Xw N{Iw `hXn jUv
hm EXhx EXp`nx kwanXw `hXn a(t[y \m`n`hXn \m`ymw hm GtX Acm {]Xn-jvTnXmx ambbm
bm GXXv khw thnXw `hXn \mm\w ambm
kv]rKXn XkvamXv ambbm _ln thnXw `hXn
AY Amcw A-]Zw N{Iw `h-Xy-m-cm ssh
Kmb-{Xo. Kmb{Xym kwanXw `hXn _lnam-bbm
thnXw `hXn t{Xw t{Xw hm ambm Gjm
kw]-ZytX ZzmZ-imcw ZzmZ-i-]{Xw N{Iw `hXn ZzmZim- cm ssh PKXn PKXym kwanXw `hXn
_lnambw thnXw `h-Xn. AY tjmU-imcw
tjmU-i-]{Xw N{Iw `hXn tjmUi Item ssh
]pcpjx ]pcpj Gh CZw khw ]pcp- tjW
kwanXw `h-Xn. ambm _lnth-nXw `h-Xn. AY
Zzm{Xn-i-Zcw Zzm{Xnw kXv ]{Xw N{Iw `h-Xn. Zzm{Xnwi-Z-cm hm A\p-p-_-\ p-p`w kwanXw `h-Xn.
_lnam-bbm thnXw `hXn Assc hm GXXv
kp_w `hXn thZm hm GtX Acm ]ss{Xhm
GXX v k hXx ] cn- { Im- a X n Omwkn ssh
]{XmWn
{_m-hn-t\mSv hopw tZh-m ]dp: `K-hm-s\,
A\p-p-`-a-{- cm-Ps alm-N{Iw Fp t]cp N{I-sp-dnv Rv ]dp Xc-Ww. Cu N{Iw tam-{]Zhpw khm-`n--Zm-b-Ih
- p-sav ]d-b-s-Sp-p. AXp-tIv
{_mhv ]dp: \n ]d-Xv icn-bm- W.v kpZi\w
FmWv B alm-N-{I-ns t]cv. CXv Bdv A-c-
tN-Xm-Wv. CXn Bdv EXp--fp-v. EXp-sf Ac-tfmSv kmZr-iy-s-Sp-n. N{I-ns \m`n-bn Cu Ac- LSn-n-n-cn-p-p. ambv Bm-hns\ kv]inm km[y-a-. AXn-\m amb Cu N{Is shfn-bn
\np sImv Bh-cWw sNbvXn-cn- p-p. hopw Fv Acap A-Z-f-N-{I-am-Ip-p. Kmb-{Xnpw Fp A-c-apv. Kmb-{Xn-bp-ambn Cs\ D]-an-p. amb-sh-fn-bn \nv
hfbw shn-cn-p-p. ]noSv ]{v Ac--fp N{Iam-Ip-p. ]{v A-c--fp PK-Xn-O--n-t\mSv ZzmZi-Z-f-N-{Is kmZr-iy-s-Sp-n. CXpw amb-bm BhrX-am-Wv. ]Xn-s\p Zf--fp tjmU-imcw Dv. AXv
tjmU-i-I-em-bp--am-Wv. \rknw-l-n\pw ]Xn-\mdv IeI-fm-Wv. CXns\ kmm `K-hm-s\v a\-n-em-p-I.
]ns ap-n-cp Ac--fp N{I-am-Ip-p. A\p-pnepw ap-n-cv A-c--fm-W v. CXpw amb-bm

552

I _ln`m-Kp \npw Bth-n-X-am-Wv. thZw Xs-bm-W,v

Cu N{I-ns Ac-. Ov Zf--fpw BWv. Cu
Zf--fm-emWv Id-p--Xv.

2. GXXv kpZi\w alm- N {Iw Xky at[y

\m`ymw XmcIw `hXn bZ- cw \mc-k nw- l ta
Imcw XZv `hXn jSv kp ]t{Xjp jU-cw
kpZi\w `h-Xn. Akp ]t{Xjp Am-cw
\mcm-bWw `hXn ZzmZ-iky ]t{Xjp ZzmZ-im-cw
hmkp-tZhw `hXn tjmU-ikp ]X3-t#jp amXrImZymx k_n- pImx tjmU-iI
- em `hXn Zzm{Xnw
ip-]-t{Xjp Zzm{Xnw-iZ- -cw a{-cmPx \mc-knwl-a-\p-p`w `hXn XZv hm GXXv kpZi\w almN {Iw k h- I m- a nIw tam Zzmc - a r Mvabw
bPpabw kma-abw {_-abw Aar-X-abw `hXn
Xky ]pc-k vXmXv hkhx Bk-tX. cp{Zmx ZnWXx ]mXv hniz-tZhmx D-ctXm {_-hn-jvWpa-tl-izcmx \m`ymw kqcy N{-aku ]miztbmx
XtZX ZrNm-`ypw EtNm Atc ]cta thyma\y-kvan tZhm A[n hntiz-\n-tjZpx. bkvXw \
thZ InarNm Icn-jy-Xn. b C-Zzn-ZpkvX Cta kamkX CXn. XtZ-X--lm-N{Iw _mtem hm bphm hm
thZ k alm `h-Xn. k Kpcp`-hXn k kth
jmw a{mWmw D]-tZm `h-Xy-\p-p`m tlmaw
Ipcym-X v-A - \ p- p-` m\w XtZ-X Xv ctmLv\ w
arXyp-X m-c Iw KpcptXm e_v[w IWvtT _mlu
inJmbmw hm _[v\oXx k]vX Zzo]-hXn `qanx ZnWm- - \ mh Iev ] tX Xkv a mXv {ibm bmw
ImwNnXv AZymXv km ZnWm `h-Xn.
3. tZhm l ssh {]Pm-]Xn a{_p-m-\p-p-`ky
a{-cm-Pky ^ew t\m {_qln `Kh CXn ktlmhmN {]Pm-]Xnx b GXw N a{-cmPw \mc-knw-la-\ p- p`w \nXy-a-[ otX tkm f n]qtXm `hXn
k hmbp-]qtXm `hXn k BZnXy ]qtXm `hXn
k tkma-]qtXm `hXn k kXy-]qtXm `hXn k
{_-] qtXm `hXn k hnjvWp ]qtXm k cp{Z
]qtXm `hXn k thZ- ] qtXm `hXn k kh
]qtXm `h-Xn.

kpZi\w F t]cn Adn-b-s-Sp alm-N{Iw

ap-n-cp Zf--ep Cu N{Iw Xs-bm-Wv. CXns
a[y-nse \m`n-bn `K-hm \c-knw-ls kw_-np Xmc-I-a-{- \ymkw sN-Ww. B XmcI a{w GImcw am{Xw tN-Xm-Wv. B Zf--fn Bdv A-c-ap
kpZi-\-a-{- \ymkw sN-Ww. Fp Zf--fn F-- cap \mcm-bW
- -a-{hpw ]{p Zf--fn ZzmZ-im-- cnbmb hmkp-tZ-h-a-{hpw \ymkw sNt-- Xp-.v ]Xn- \mdp
Zf--fn ]Xn-\mdv A-c- Dv. ap-n-cp Zf-fn a{- cm-P-\ mb A\p- p-ns\ \ymkw sN-W w.
kpZi- \m-`n- [- amb Cu alm- N{Iw hn{ip-X- am-Wv. CXv khm`n--{]-Zhpw apn Zmb-I-hp-am-Ip-p. Ev bp-,v kmaw
Fn-h-bpsS kmm cq]hpw Aar-X-a-b-am-Wv. CXns
Ingp `mKv A-tZ-h-mcpw sXv GIm-Z-i-cp-{Z-mcpw
hkn-p- p. \m`n- bn {_m- hnjvWp atl-iz-c-mcpw Ccp
]miz--fnepw kqcy-N-{-mcpw IpSn sImp-p.
En Cs\ {]Xn-]m-Zn-n-cn-p-p. `K-hm \cknwlw ]c-a-thym-a-cq-]nbpw Ahn-\m-in-bp-am-Wv. At-ln kh-th-Z-epw IpSn-sIm-p-p. At-l-n
kh-tZ-h-mcpw {]Xn-jT
v n-X-am-bn-cn-p-p. `K-hm \c-knwls Adn-bm--h\v EtKz-Zm-[ym-b\w sImv ^e-an-.
`K-hm \c-knw-l-sbpw At-l-ns N{I-sbpw
Adn-bp--h ]c-{_--n nXn sNp-p. Cu almN-{Is _met\m bphmthm ]Tn-mepw alm-\m-bn-ocpw. a{-cm-P-\mb A\p-p-n-\m Xs ]qPbpw tlma
hpw \S--Ww. alm-N{Iw cm-k-m-cn \np-m-Ip
`b-n \nv c \Ip-p. CXv arXyp-hns\ AI-pp. Kpcp-hn \npw CXns\ b{-cq-]-n kzoI-cnv
Igpv inJ ssIbv Fn-h-bn [cn-p-I. Cu at{m-]tZiw Xcp Kpcp-hn\v Zn- W-bm-bn, `qan apgp-h sImSpmepw AXv A[n-Ia
- n-.
{_m-hn-t\mSv Ah hop tNmZnp: `K-hm-s\, Zbhmbn A\p-p-s hnin--a-{-ns ^e-s-n ]dbp-I. \nXyhpw Cu a{w P]n-p hyn Xobn ]gpn-s-Sp kzw t]mse-bm-bn-o-cp-p. Ah khhn-[-nepw ]cn-ip--\mbn `hn-p-p.
\rknw-l-]qh-Xm-]n-\yp-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.-

553

I
1

\rknw-l-jvS-N-t{Im-]-\n-jv 3

Hmw. tZhm l ssh kXyw temI-am-bwkvXw

{]Pm-]X
- n-a-]r- \mc-knw-l-N-{Itm {_qlo-Xn.
Xm {]Pm]-Xn\mc-knw-l-N -{I-a-thm-N -Xv. jUv
ssh \mc-knw-lm\n N{ImWn `h-n. bXv {]Yaw
X-Xp-c-cw, bZzn-Xobw X-Xp-c-cw, br-Xobw XZjvSm-cw, NXv NXpw XXv ]m-cw, bZvjjvTw
XZ-j v S m- c w, XtZ- X m\n jtUh \mc- k nw- l m\n
N{ImWn `h-n.

p. BZy-tXv A-cw, cm-a-tXv a[y-aw, aqm-atXv _mlyw Cs\ hebw aqm-Wv. CXn a[ya
_oPw \mc-knwl Kmb-{Xn-bm-Wv. _mlyw B a{-hpw.
B-ch
- e
- bw F{X-bm-sW-m-sW-n Bc he-b-fpsS kwJy Bdm-Wv. BZy-tXv \mc-knwlw cm-atXv alm-evayw aqm-a-tXv kmc-kzXw \mev
{]Whw Av t{Im[w \mc-knw-l-h-eb
- -v Bdv
B-c-h-e-b--fp-ap-v.

AX Im\n \mam\n `h-n. bXv {]Yaw XZm

N{Iw, bZv ZznXobw XXv kpN-{Iw, br-Xobw Xlm-N{- Iw, b-Xpw XXv kI-et- emI c-WN-{Iw, bZv ]aw XZyp-X-N-{Iw, bZv jjvTw XZ
kpcm- -I -N {Iw XtZ- X m\n jtUh \mc- k nwl
N{I-\m-am\n `h-n.

AY Inw a[ya hebw jUv ssh a[y-am\n

he-bm\n `h-n. bm-c-knw-lmb XXv {]Y-aky
bZzn-Za
v -tl, XZvZzn-Xo-bky bZz-{P\Jmb, XrXo-bky
bo-a-ln, X-Xpky bkvX
- -kvX -Xv, ]aky bXv knwlx {]tNm-Z-Z-bm-ZnXn XXv jjvTky
XtZ-X m\n jmw \mc-knw-l N{ImWmw ja[y-am\n he-bm\n `h-n.

AY Im\n {XoWn he- bm\n `h- n. bXv

{]Yaw XZm-c
- -h-ebw `h-Xn, bZzn-Xobw X-[y-hebw `h-Xn, bZv XrXobw XZv _mly-he
- bw `hXn. XtZ-Xm\n {XotWytX he-bm\n `h-n. bZm
btZ-XZv _oP b-[yaw Xmw \mc-knw-ly-Km-b-{Xn,
bZv _mlyw X-{w.
AY Ina-cw hebw jU--cmWn he-bm\n
`h- n. bm- c - k nwlw XXv {]Y- a mX blm
eyw, XZv ZznXo-b -k y, bXv kmc- k z-X w. XXv
XrXo-b-ky, bky bXv Imaw tZh-X--Xp-c yky
bXv {]W-hx XXv ]aky XXv t{Im[ ZP-bXw
XXv jjv T ky XtZ- X m\n jmw \mc- k nwl
N{ImWmw jU--cmWn he-bm\n `h-n.

AY Inw _mlyw hebw? jUv ssh _mlym\n-he

- -bm\n `h-n. bZm-N{Iw bZmm XXv {]Y-aky, XXv kpN{Iw bXv {]nbmm XZv ZznXo-b-ky,
blm N{Iw, bPvtPym-Xn-cmm XXv XrXo-b-ky,
XXv kI-eky temI-c
- Ww N{Iw bm-bm-mX-X
- p-k y, bZm{Iw btZym-Kmm XXv ]aky bZ-kp-cm-I N{Iw. bXv kXymm jjvTky. XtZ-Xm\n jmw \mc-knwl N{ImWmw jUv
_mlym\n he-bm\n `h-n.

a[ya he-b- F{X-bmWv? B tNmZy-n\pcambn {]Pm-] Xn ]dp: a[y- nse he-b--fpsS

kwJybpw Bdm-Wv. Hm-at- -Xns "\mc-knw-l- -lmb',
cm-a-t-X ns "hnZva tl', aqm-a-t-X ns "h{P
tZh-m, kXy-kz-cq-]\pw hym]-I-temI ]nXm-hp- amb \Jmb' \mem-at- -Xns "[naln', Ans "X',
{]Pm- ]- Xn- tbm-Sv-, Rv \mc- knw-l-N- {I-ns D]-tZiw Bdns "{]tNm-Z-bmXv' Fpw Ch-bmWv \mc-knwl he\I-Ws
- av ]d-p. Ahv {]Pm-]Xn \mc-knw-l- b-s Bdv N{I-. _mly-h-eb
- - GsXm-sN{Iw D]-tZ-in-p. AXns Npcpw CXm-Wv. \mc-knwl bm-sW-n BXn\v _mly he-b-fpw Bdm-sWv adpN{Iw Bdp {]Im-c-n-em-Wv. BZys N{Iw \mev Ac- ]Sn sImSp-p.
ap--Xm-Wv. cm-a-tXpw \mev Ac-ap--Xm-W.v aqm-aB N{Ihpw Bmhpw Hm-at- -Xns: kpNtXv Fv Ac-ap--Xv, \mem-a-tXv Av Ac-ap--Xv.
{Ihpw {]nbm-mhpw cm-a-t-Xns: alm-Nv{Ihpw
Am-a-t-Xn\pw Av Ac-am-W.v Bdm-a-t-Xn Fp
tPymXn-cm-mhpw aqm-a-t-Xns; kIe temI-c-Ww
Ac--fp-v. Cs\ \mc-knw-l-N-{I- BdmWv Ahambmm Ch ASp--Xns; Akp-cm--N{Iw kXym-,
bpsS t]cv Fm-sW-m-sW-n--{]-Pm-]Xn hni-Zo-I-cnCh ASp--Xns; Cs\ \mc-knwl N{I-n\v Bdv
p. Hm-at- Xv B N{Iw, cm-a-tXv kpN-{Iw, am_mly- h-e-b--fm-W.v
a-tXv alm-N{- Iw, \mem-a-tXv kIe temI-c--Ww,
Am-a-tXv ZyqX- N- {Iw, Bdm-a-tXv Akp- cm- I N{IssIzXm\n \ykm\n? bXv {]Yaw XZvlr-Z-tb,
hpw. CXmWv Bdv \mc-knw-l-N-{I-. Ah-bpsS aqp- bZv ZznXobw Xn-ck
- n, bXv XrXobw XXv inJmh-e-b- GsXp tNmZn--Xn\v Cs\ adp-]Sn sImSp- bmw, bXv NXpw Xhmw-tKjp bXv ]aw

554

I XXv kthjp bXv jjvTw XXv kth-jp-tZ-tijp. GXm\n \mc-knw-lm\n N{ImWn GtXjzw
tKjp _n`r-bmXv X kym\p-jvSp]v kny-Xn. Xw
`K-h m \rknwlx {]ko-Z Xn Xky ssIheyw
kny-Xn. Xky kth temImx knyn Xky
kth P\mx kny-n. Xkvam tZXm\n jmw
\mc- k nw- l -N - { Im- W yw- t Kjp \ykym\n `h- n.
] h n{X w G X - k y \ y k - \ w. \ y k - \ m
\rknwlx B \o `h- X n. ItWym `hXn
{_tWy `h-Xn. A\ym-km-\m \rknw lm\Zo
`hXn k ItWym `h- X n. Xkv a mtZ XXv
]hn{Xw Xkym-\y-k\
- w.
tbm hm GXw \mc- k nwlw N{I- a - [ otX
kkthjp thtZ-j[
- otXm `h-Xn. kx kthjp
btjp bmPtIm `hXn. k kthjp Xo
jp kv\mtXm `hXn ktjp at{jp kntm
`h-Xn. k kh{X iptm `h-Xn. `qX ]nimN
imIn\o t{]X \XmI \mitIm `h-X n. XtZ-X m{i p[m-\ mb {]{_q-bm tZX- m-{i- mb

{]{_q-bm-Zn-Xn.

Ch FhnsS shbvWw? Ch-bpsS \ymkw Fs\

A\p-jvTn-Ww? Cu tNmZy-n\p Dcw \I-sp
BZy-sXv lrZ-b-n; cm-a-tXv inc-n; aqma-tXv inJ-bn; \mem-a-tXv Fm AwK--fnepw Cu
N{Iw [cn-p-h
- v A\p-jvSp]v knn-bp-m-Ip-p.
Ah-cn `K-hm \rknwlw {]k- -\m-b n-o-cp-p.
Ahpw kIe temIhpw kn-am-Ip-p. kI-ecpw
Ahsc am\n-p-p. CXv [cn-p--h I-Wy\pw {_m-Xm-hp-ambn `hn-p-p. \mc-knwl N{Iw A[y-b\w
sNp-h
- kIe thZ--fp-sSbpw A[y-b\ Imhm-Ip-p. Abm kIe b--fp-sSbpw bmn-I\mbn KWn--s-Spw. kIe a{--fp-sSbpw knn ssIhcp-p. `qX- t{]X- ]nim-Np- Ch-sbmpw
Ahs\ D]-{Z-hn-n-sp Xs-b Ah\v Ahsb
AI-m-\p inbpw ssIh-cp- p. Cu \mc-knwl
N{Is kw_-n-p D]-tZiw {im-lo-\-mv
\I-cp-Xv.
\rknwl jSvN-t{Im-]-\n-jv kam-]vXw.

Q
3
]{
_t
m]
\
nj
v
1
imn]mTw
Hmw. kl \mhhXp. kl \u `p\p. kl
hocyw Ichmhssl tXPkzn\mh[oXakv X p.
amhn hnZznjm hssl. Hmw. imnx imnx imnx
]c{_w R cpt]scbpw Hcpanv cn
tW. AXv R cpt]scbpw Hcpanv ]cn]men
tW. R cpt]cpw Hcpanv IgnhpI t\StW.
R ]ckv]cw hntZzjw hlnm CSbmImXncn
tW.

1. lcn Hmw. AY ss]emtZm `Khm t`m Inam

Zu Inw PmXanXn. ktZymPmXanXn. Inw `Kh CXn.
AtLmc CXn. Inw. `Kh CXn. hmatZh CXn.
Inw. hm ]p\cnta `Kh CXn. XXv]pcpj CXn Inw
hm ]p\cnta `Kh CXn. kthjmw Znhym\mw
t{]cbnXm Cui B\ CXn. Cuimt\m `qX`hy
ky kthjmw tZhn tbm\n\mw.

Hcp Ln imIe ss]emZt\mSv tNmZnp?""`Khms\, BZyw DmbXv FmWv?'' ss]emZ

]dp ""ktZym PmXsa {_amWv BZyapmbXv''.
imIe""ap hhcpaptm?'' ss]emZDv
hmatZh\v''. AXptIv C{Xbpw t`Zta Dtm Fv
imIe tNmZntm "A XXv ]pcpj Fp
t]cpff asmcp t`Zapspw ss]emZ ]dp.
Atm ""As\ \mep t`ZemWt?'' Fv imIe tNmZnp''. A kIe tZhmpw t{]cIamb
Cuim\ Fsmcp t`Zw IqSpbpv CXp XsbmWv
Fm `qX`hnjypw kIe tZhtbm\nIpw
imkIambncnpXv'. Fv ss]emZ ]dp.

2.

IXn hmx IXnt`Zmx

IXnibx bXv khw
XZv Kplyw.

555

""CXn\v F{X h Dv? F{X t`Zfpv?

F{X inIfpv? CsXmw clkyamWv.

3.

Xkvs sa \tam almtZhmb almcp{Zmb

4.

t{]mhmN Xkvssa `Khm atlix

5.

tKm]ymZv tKm]yXcw temtI

bZykvXn irWp imIe
ktZymPmXw alo ]qjm
cam {_m {XnhrXv kzcx

6.

EtKztZm KmlhXzw N
a{mx k]vX kzcmkvXYm
hw ]oXw {Inbm inx
khm `ojvS ^e{]Zw.

alm cp{Z Fp t]cpff Cu alm tZh\v \a

kvImcw. atli ss]emZ\v Cu D]tZi \In.
imIe, temIv AXnclkyambXv tIpI. AXv
ktZymPmXamWv. AXn\v kIe A`ojvSfpw sImSpp
alo]qjm ca {_m {XnhrXv, AImcmZn kzc
EtKzZw, Kml]Xymn, \ax inhmb F ]mcw
k, cn, K, a, ], [, \n, Fo k]vX kzc ]oX h
w {Inbmin Fns\ At\Iw cq] Dv.

7.

AtLmcw kenew N{w

Kuco thZ ZznXobIw
\ocZm`wkzcw km{w
ZnWmncpZmlrXw

8.

]miZv h kmbpw
nXncnm {Inbm\znXw
in cW kwbpw
khmLuLhn\mi\w

9.

khZpjvS {]ih\w
ksshizcy ^e{]Zw

AtLmcw Pew Nw Kucn kmathZw \ocZmZw kzcw

km{w ZnWmn Fnh AtLmcns kzcq]
fmWv. Chbpw AXv ActfmSp IqSnbXpw nXn
C {Inbmin FnhtbmSpIqSnbXpw Xs kev]
inbpsS kwcWtmSp IqSnbXpamb AtLmc kzcq]w
kIe ]m]fpw \innpXpw kIe ZpjvSmscbpw
iannpXpw ksshizcyhpw \IpXpamWv.

10. hma tZhw almt_m[

ZmbIw ]mhImIw
hnZymtemI kambpaw
`m\ptImSn k{a{]`w

11.

{]kw kmathZmJym
\m\mjvSI ka\znXm
[ockzca[o\, Nm
lh\oba\paw
12. m\ kwlmckwbpw
in Zzb ka\znXw
hw ipw Xtam an{iw
]q t_m[Icw kzbw
13. \a{Xb \nbmcw
[ma{Xb ka\znXw
khku`mKyZw \rWmw
khI ^e{]Zw
14. AjvSmc kambp
ajvS ]{Xmc nXw

hmatZh\pw almb t_m[w \Iph\pw

Ancq]\pw hnZym{]ImibpX\pw \qdptImSn kqcys
{]`bpffh\pw kp{]k\pw kmathZsav t]cpff
h\pw kmathZ{]Xn]mZnXamb k]vvX kzcfpw `cX.
imkv{X\njv]amb KoXnbpw tNh\pw [ockzcm[o
\\pw Blh\ob m\w kwlmc in Ch tNh
\pw BWv B alm. Atlw shfp \ndapffh\pw
XtamKpWbp\pw ]qm\ Imhpw [ma{Xb
\nbmhpw [ma{Xbm\znX\pw kh ku`mKyhpw
\Iph\pw kIe Ipw ^ew \Iph\pw A, I, N, S, X, ], b,i Cu Ac tNh
\pw lrZbnepff AjvSZf Iaen \nhknp
h\pamIpp.

15. bXv ]pcpjw t{]mw

hmbpaWvU e kwhrXw
]mn\m kambp,
a{in \nbmaIw
16. ]mKXv kzc hm hym
aYthZ kzcq]Iw
tImSn tImSn KWm[yw
{_mWv UmJWvU hn{Klw
17. hw cw ImaZw N
khym[n hym[n t`jPw
krjv Sn nXn ebm Zo\mw
ImcWw kh in [rIv
18. Ahm{Xn Xbm XoXw
Xpcobw {_ kwnXm
{_ hnjvWzmZn`n. tkhyw
kthjmw P\Iw ]cw.

556

Rm kqNnn XXv ]pcpj hmbp aWvUe

kwhrX\pw ]mnbn kathjvSnX\pw a{insb
\nb{nph\pw kzchyRvP \mIamb AXv
ActfmSp IqSnbh\pw AYh thZkzcq]\pw
tImSm\ptImSn KWv A[y\pw {_mWvUm
JWvU hn{Kl\pw Nph \ndapffh\pw Ima ZmXmhpw
kIe B[nIfpw hym[nIfpw \innph\pw krjvSn
nXn kwlmcImcI\pw kh in [mcnbpw
Ahm{XbmXoX\pw Xpcob\pw {_m Fv t]tcmSp
IqSnbh\pw {_mhv hnjvWp apXembhcm tkhnsSpXpw kIensbpw ]nXmhpamIpp.

19. Cuim\mw ]caw hnZymXv

t{]cIw _pn kmnbpw
BImimI ahy
tamwImckzc `qjnXw
20. khtZhabw imw
imyXoXw kzcmZv _lnx
AImcm Zn kzcm [y
amImiab hn{Klw
21. ] IrXy \nbmcw
]{_mIw _rlXv
]{_tm]kwlmcw
IrXzm kzm\n kwnXx
22. kz ambm ssh `hm khm
kwlrXy kzm\n nXx
] {_mImXotXm
`mktX kzkz tXPkm
BZmht N at[y N
`mktk \m\y tlXp \m
Cuim\\pw kIecpsSbpw _pn kmnbpw
BImi kzcq]\pw Ahy\pw Hmmc kzc`qjnX\pw
khtZhab\pw im\pw imnpw AXoX\pw
kzcfm AwKhy\pw AImcm Zn kzcsmw
A[y\pw krjvSn XpSnb ]IrXyfpsSsbmw
\nbmaI\pw khhym]nbpw ] {_ kzcq]\pw
]{_tm]kwlmcw sNbvXv kzmmhn nXnsN
ph\pw Xs ambm ssh`hm khhpw kwlcnv kzm nX\mbncnph\pw BZna[ymfnepw asmcp ImcWhimepw `mknXamImh\pw
Fm kzbw {]Imi\pw kzbw `qhpamIpp.

23. ambbm tamlnXmx iwt`m

alm tZhw PKZv Kpcpw
\ Pm\n kpcmx kth
khImcW ImcWw

24. \ kmZrti XnjvSXn cq]aky

]cmXv]cw ]pcpjw hniz[ma

25. tb\ {]ImitX hnizw

bss{Xh {]hneobtX
XZv {_ ]caw imw
XZv {_mkvan ]cw ]Zw
26. ] {_ ]cw hnZymXv
ktZymPmXmZn ]qhIw
ZriytX {iqbtX b
]{_mIw kzbw
27. ][mham\w Xw
{_ImcyanXn kvarXw
{_ImcyanXn mXzm
Cuim\w {]Xn ]ZytX
28. ] {_mIw khw
kzm\n {]hnem]y N
tkm f l kvaoXn Pm\obXm
ZznZzm {_mSartXm `thXv
29. CtXyXXv {_ Pm\obm
Zyx k aptm \ kwibx
30. ]mcabw iw`pw
] {_W cq]nWw
\ Imcm Znb Imcmw
mXzm ]mcw Pt]Xv
ics ambbm tamlnXcmIbm kIetZh
mcpw PKZv Kpcphpw kIe ImcWImcW `qX\pamb
almtZhs\ Adnbpn. hniz{]ImiI\mb B
]cmXv]c]pcpjs cq]w IpIv hnjba. Bcp
aqeamtWm Cu hnizw {]IminXambXv FhnsSbmtWm
hnebw {]m]npXv, B {_w ]caimamWv. Rm
B ]ca ]Zkzcq] Xs. ktZymPmXmZnI B
{_w Xs. Cu {]]n ImWsSpXpw tI
sSpXpsamw ] {_mIw Xs. Ap
kzcq]fn hnp AXv {_w Xs. {_
sadnv Cuim\s\ {]m]npI. m\n B ]
{_mIs Bmhn hnebnnv Rm B
]c{_w Xs. AXns kzcq]w Rm Xs Fv
a\nemnbm {_m\mhrXm kzmZI\mbnocpw.
Cs\ {_ kzcq]s Xncndnh ap\mbn
`hnpp. ]mcab\pw ]c{_ kzcq]nbpamb
iw`phns\ a\nemn \anhmb F a{w P]n
pI.

557

I 31.

khw ]mIw hnZymXv

] {_m XXzXx

32. ] {_mInw hnZymw

tbm f [otX `n `mhXx
k ]mIXm taXy
`mktX ][m kzbw
33. Gh apzm almtZthm
Kmehky alm\x
Ir]mw ]Imc Xss{Xh
kzm [o aKhXv kzbw
34. bky {ihW amt{XWm
{ipXtah {ipXw `thXv
AaXw NaXw mX
a hnmXw N imIew
35. GtIss\h Xp ]nWvtU\
hrnImb KuXa
hnmXw arabw khw
arX`nw ln ImcyIw
m hkv Xpfpw ]{_mIsap IcpXn
kh{X {]] {_XXzw ImWWw. `ntbmsS ]
{_m I hnZy A`ykn p a\pjy kzbw
]{_ kzcq]\mbn ]{_ kmbqPyw {]m]np
p. Cs\ almtZh almmhmb Kmeh\v D]tZ
inv Ah\n ZbtXmn B eo\\mbn `hnp.
CXns kzcq]alnasbn tIm tImXpw
tIXmIpw. AdnbmXpw AdnXpamb Fm
hn[m\hpw ssIhcpp. AmXamb knm
m\hpw IcKXamIpp. Htc Hcp arXv]nWvUw sImv
hrXvJ WvU `nam kIe hkvX pfpsSbpw
m\w ssIhcpatm. Imcyw ImcWn \npw
A`namWtm. ]{_ m\w sImv kh
hkvXpfpsSbpw m\w kwknamIpp.

36. GtI\ temlaWn\m

khw temlabw bYm
hnmXw kymZssYtI\
\Jm\mw Irt\\ N
37. khw ImjvW ymb kwmXw
X Z `nw kz`mhXx
ImcWm`n cqt]W
Imcy ImcW tah ln

38. X{Zt]W kZm kXyw

t`tZt\mn hrjm Jep
X ImcW taIw ln
\ `nw t\m `bmIw
39. t`Zx kh{X anssYyh
[m t`Z \ncq]WmXv
BX ImcWw \nXy
taItahm Zzbw Jep
40. A{X ImcWa ssZzXw
ip ssNX\y tah ln
Akvan {_ ]tc thiy
Zlcw b ZnZw apt\
41. ]pWvU coIw Xp Xt[y
BImtim Zltcm f kvXn XXv
k inhx knZm\x
tkm f t\zjvSthym apapp `ox
42. Abw lrZnnXx kmn
kthjma hntijXx
tX\mbw lrZbw t{]mx
inhx kwkmctamNIx
CXyp]\njXv

Ccpns Hcp IjWw icnv a\nemnbm

av Ccpn ]ZmfpsSbpw tNcph a\nemmw.
\Jw apdnp In a\nemnbm Fm InI
sfnbpw {Klnmw. cq]w amdnbmepw auenI ]Zm
n\v amantm, ImcWn \nv A`namb Imcyw
ImcWcq]w XsbmWv hkvXpX cq]sav IcpXnbm
AXv AkXyamWv. Fsm khImcyfpsSbpw
Imcaw Hp Xs. AXv `ntam D`bmItam A.
Fm m\fnepw ImWsSp t_Z{]XoXnp
ImcWw [ \ncq]W t`Zw am{Xw. AXn\m bYm
n ImcWw Hp XsbmWv. AXv cmasXm
Im Xcan. NcmNcmamb Cu hnizn\p ImcWw
ipssNX\y kzcq]amb AssZzXw Xs, {_ns
\nhmkm\amb icocn ZlZw Fp t]cp
lrZb Krln Iaesap ]dbsSp AXn
ZlcmImiw nXnsNpp. apappfmb km[Im
k nZm \k zcq ]\m b B i nhs \ s bm Wv
A\pkm\w sNtXv. inh khZm lrZbn
nXnsNp \nhntij cq]n kIen\pw
kmnbmWv. AXn\m lrZbss inhkzcq
]sav IcpXpI. Cu lrZbw XsbmWv kwkmctamN
Iambn hnpXv.
]{_tm]\njv kam]np.

558

I
1

ss]wK-tem-]-\n-jv

imn- ] mTw
Hmw ]q-aZx ]q-an-Zw. ]qmXv ]qpZ-Ny-tX. ]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]q-ta-hhm h
injy-tX.
Cu ]c-{_w ]q-am-Wv. Cu {]]-hpw ]qam- W.v Cu ]q {_-n \npw Cu ]q {]]w
Dm-bn. Cu ]q-n \npw ]q-sa-Sp-mepw
]qw Xs Ah-ti-jn-p-p. Hmw. imnx imnx
imnx

Hm-a-[ymbw
1. AY l ss]wKtem bm-h-evIy-ap-]k
- t- aXy
ZzmZ-i-hj-ip-{iq-jm-]qhIw ]c-a-c-lky ssIhey-a -\ p-{_p-l oXn ]{]- . k tlmhmN bmhevIyx ktZh tkmtay Za{K Bko-Xv. XnXy
ap-a -h n-{Inbw kXy- m-\ m-\ w ]cn-] qw
k\m-X-\-ta-It- a-hm-Zzn-Xobw {_ Xkvan acp-ipn-Im-mWp kv^Sn-ImZu Pe-cu-ly-]p-cp-j-tcJm-Zn-ht- m-lnX ip IrjvW-Kp-W-abo KpW-kmaym-\nhmNym aqe {]Ir-Xn-cm-ko-Xv. XXv {]Xn-_nw_nXw bXv kmn- s sN- X \y amko- X v . km
]p\hn-IrXnw {]m]y ktXzm-{anm hymJymh-c -W-in cmko-Xv. XXv {]Xn-_nw-_nXw b
Zoiz-c -ssN-X-\y-a m-ko-Xv. k kzm[o-\-ambx kh
x krjvSn-n-Xn-eb
- m-\m-am-Zn-Im PK-Zw-pc-cqt]m `h-Xn. kzkvan hneo\w kIew Phm-Zmhn`m-hb
- -Xn. {]mWn-I-hi
- m-tZj ]tSm bZzXv
{]km-cnXx {]mWn-I-b
- mXv ]p\kvXn tcm`mh-b-Xn. Xkvan-t-hm-Jnew hnizw ktm-NnX ]Sh-Zz-tX. Cuim-[n-jvTn-Xm-h-c-W-i-ntXm ctPm{Znm al-ZzmJym hnt] in-c m-ko-Xv. XXv
{] Xn- _ nw- _ nXw b - n- c - W y- K `- s sN - X \y
amkoXv k al- -Xzm-`n-a m\o kv]jvS m kv] jvS
h]p`-h -X n.
bm-h-evIys ASp-sn ss]wK-e-a-ljn
At-ls ]{p sImw ip{iq-jn--Xn-\p-tijw
Cs\ ]dp: ""`K-hm-s\, F\nv AXyw cl-kyamb ssIheyw D]-tZ-inp Xcn-I.'' Atm bm-hevIy ]d-p: ""BZy-L--n tIhew kp am{Xta
Dm-bn-cp-p-q. \nXyhpw aphpw Al-m-cnbpw kXyw
m\w B\w Fn-h-bm ]qhpw k\m-X\
- hpw

K
3

GIhpw AZzn-X o-b-h p-a mb {_w AXp-X-s -bm-Wv.

AXn \npw Im\Pew t]msebpw apn-n-n-bn
shn-t]m-sebpw XqWn ]pcp-j-s\-tm-sebpw kv^SnI-n tcJ t]msebpw tim`n-p-, Npapw shfppw
Idppw tN KpW-tZm-j
- -tfmSp IqSnb aqe {]Ir-Xnbp-m-bn. AXn aqp KpW-fpw Xpey-\n-e-bn-em-bn-cpp. AXn {]Xn-_nw-_n-Xp kmn-ssN-X-\y-am-bn. aqe
{]IrXn hopw hnIm-c-bp--am-b-tm AXv kXz-Kp-Wbp--amb Bh-cW in-bm-bn. AXns\ Ahy--sav
]d-bp-p. AXn {]Xn-_nw-_n-Xv Cuiz-c-ssN-X\
- y-ambn-cp-p. Cuiz-c kh-\pw ambsb kzm[o-\-am-nb-h\pw krjvSn-n-Xn-e-bm--I-amb Ihyw P\-n\v
\In-b-h\
- p-am-Wv. Atlw Xs-bmWv Dn \nKq-Vam-bn-cn-p PK-Xv{_-jvSm-hv. Atlw {]mWn-I -fpsS
Im-\p-k-cWw hniz-am-Ip Xnc-oe hym]-cn-nv PohnI-fpsS I--bm-\-cw AXns\ Xntcm `hn-n-p-p.
Cuiz-c-\n A[n-jvTn-X-amb Bh-cW
- i
-
- n-bn \nv
ctPm-Kp-W-a-bn-bmb hnt-]-in Dm-Ip-p. AXns\
al- s p ]d- b p- p. AXns {]Xn- _ nw- _ s
ssNX\yln-cW
- y-K`-sap ]d-bp-p. Cu al--Xzm-`nam\n kv]jvSm kv]jvSamb BImcw tN-Xm-W.v

2. lncWy K`m-[n-jvTnX hnt] inx XkvX

tam{Zn-m-lw-Im-cm-`n[m qe-i-n-cm-ko-Xv. XXv
{]Xn-_nw-_nXw b-Zzn-cmSv ssNX-\y-am-ko-X.v kXZ- ` n- a m\o kv ] jv S - h ]px kh- q- e - ] m- e tIm
hnjvW p {][m-\-] p-c ptjm `h-X n. Xkva m-Z m- \
BImix kw`q-X x, BIm-i -Zzm-bpx, hmtbm-c - nx,
At-c m]x, AZv`yx, ]rYn-ho, Xm\n ] Xm{XmWn {XnKp-Wm\n `h-n. {kpjvSp-Imtam PK-tZym\n-kvX -tam-K p-W-a -[n-j vT mb kqva Xm-{XmWn
`qXm\n qen-Ipw tkm Imab-X. krjvtSx
]cn-Jn-Xm\n `qtXm-t\y-I-taIw Zzn[m-hn-[mb ]p\- X pm IrXzm kztkz- X c ZznXo- b mwssix
][m kwtbmPy ]o-IrX `qssX-c-\-t- Im-Sn{_- m-W vU m\n X ZWvtUm NnX NXpi
`phm-\m\n XZv `ph-t\m-Nn-Xt- Kmf Iqe icocm-Wy-kr-P-Xv. k ]-`q-Xm\mw ctPmwi-X
- p[m
IrXzm `mK-{X-bmXv ]-hr-Xym-Iw {]mW-a-krP-Xv. k tXjmw CZy-tK\ It-{nb _ykp-PXv. k tXjw kXzmwiw NXp[m IrXvh m `mK{Xb ka- j vSnXw ]-{Inbm hrXym- I ax
IcW akr-PX
- v. k tXjmw kz-Xp-cob `mtK\

559

I mt\-{n-bm-Wy-kr-P-Xv. kz-k-a-jvSnX C{nb-]m-e-Im-\-kr-PX

- v. Xm\n krjvSm \yWvtU {]mNnn-]X
- v. XZm-bm ka-jvSyWvUw hym]y Xm\yXn-jvT XZm-b
- mlw Imc ka-\zntXm hncmSv
qem- \ y- c - - X v . lnc- W y- K `- k v X - Z m- bm
kqva m-Wy-] m-e-b-Xv.
lncWy K` nX-amb hnt] in-bn \nv
Xtam KpW-bp--amb Al-m-csa qe-in DmIp- p. AXn {]Xn-_nw-_ n-X-am-bn-p- -XmWv hncmSv
ssNX\yw. AXns A`n-am-\n-kv]j
- vSm-Imcw tNXpw
kIe qe PK-n-sbpw c-I\pw {][m\ ]pcp-j\p-amb hnjvWp-hm-Ip-p. AXns Bm-hn \npw
BImiw D-hn-p. BIm-i- n \npw hmbphpw hmbphn \nv Anbpw An-bn\nv Pehpw Pe-n
\nv ]rYznbpw Dm-bn. Cu {]] Xm-{X-Ifpw {XnKpWm--I-am-bn. PKXv Imc-W- \mb B hnjvWp-hn\v krjvSnp B{K-l-ap-m-b-tm Atlw Xtam-Kp-W-n
A[n-jvTn-X\
- m-bn. kqva Xm-{X-Isf qe ]-`q-X-fmn amm B{K-ln-p. krjvSn-s
- `qX--fn
\nv Hmtcm-ns\bpw cm-bnpw ]ns `qX- -fn Hmtcmn-s\bpw cm-bnpw ]ns Ah-bn Hmtcmns\bpw
\mem-bnpw hn`-Pn-p. Atm Hmtcm `qX-n-sbpw
A- `m-K-n A\y-`q- X--fpsS Fm-as Awiw IqntNv kI-e-Xn-s\bpw ]o-I-cn-p. ]o-Ir-X-amb Cu
`qX--fn \npw A\ tImSn {_mm-WvU--fpsS
krjvSn-bp-m- bn. Ahbvv tbmPn hn[-n ]Xn-mep
`qh-\- krjvSn-p. B `qh-\-p tbmPn qe
ico- c-fpw krjvSn--s-p. ]-`q-X- -fpsS ctPm-Kp- Wmwis \membn hn`-Pn-p. aqp `mK--fn \nv ]{]m-W--sfbpw krjvSn-p. AXp-t]mse ]-`q-X--fpsS
kXz-Kp-Wmw-is \membn hn`-Pnv Ah-bn aqp `mK- fm ]-{In-bm-bp--amb Ax-I- c-Whpw \mem-as
`mK-m mt\-{n-b--sfbpw krjvSn-p. ]t-{nb-- fpsS tZh-msc krjvSnv Ahsb {_m-WU
v -n
m]n-p-Ibpw ]c-am-m-hns Bm-\p-k-cWw tZhm {_m-WU
v --fn hym]np \nh-kn-p-Ibpw qeP-K
- ns\ kwc-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. lnc-Wy-K`s
kqva krjvSnsb kwc-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

3. AWvU-m\n tX\ l\m kv]nXp tNjvSnXpw

hm \ tiIpx Xm\n tNX-\o-Ipw tkmImabX
{_m-WvU -{_--c-{mWn ka-k vX-hr-jvSn-a-kvXIm hnZmcy XtZ-hm\p {]mhn-iX
- v. XZm PUm-\y]Xn Xm\n tNX-\h
- Xv kzImWn N{In-tc. khttim ambm-tei ka-\ zntXm hyjvSn-tZlw
{]hniy Xbm tamlntXm Poh-Xz-a-Ka
- -Xv. ico-c-{Xb
XmZm-ymXv IXrXz t`mr-Xz-Xm-a-Ka
- -Xv. Pm{KXv
kz]v\ kpjp]vXn aqm acW I-bptm LSob{ hZp-Zzntm PmtXm arX Ch Ipem-e-N-{I\ym-tb\ ]cn{`a-Xo-Xn.

lncWy K`-s\-Iq-SmsX {_m-WvU-n nXnsN-p Ahv t\cnb kv]-\-n-t\m tNjvS-Itm

km[y-a-. Atlw Ahsb ssNX-\y-h-m-m-\m-{K-lnp-Ibpw kakvX krjvSn-I-fp-sSbpw akvXIw ]nfv
{_m-WU
v -nepw {_-c-{--fnepw {]th-in-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Atm PU--fm-bn-cp Ah ssNX-\yhpw
Ihpw tN-hc
- m-bn. kh-\
- mb Cui ambmbp--\mbn krjvSn-tZ-l-n {]th-inp; taml-hi
- m
Poh-`m-hs {]m]n-p. ico-c-{Xb XmZm- y-m Irt`m-r-Xz-sf A\p-`-hn-m\pw XpS-n. Pm{KX kz]v\w
kpjp-]vXn. aq acWw Fo [-sf {]m]nv Ah
DZzo--cmbn LSo-b{w t]mse Ipeme NIp-\ym-tb\
P\npw acnpw PK-n Id-p-p.

cm-a- [ymbw
1. AY ss]wKtem bm-h-evIy-ap-hmN kh
temIm\mw krjvSn-n-Xy-I
- r-Zzn-`q-coix IYw PohXz-a-K-a-Zn-Xn. k tlmhmN bm hevIyx kqvaq- e - I m- c - W - t Z- t lm- Z v ` - h - ] qhIw Poth- i zc
kzcq]w hnhnNy IY-bm-a-hoXn kmh-[m-t\-ss\-Im{K- X bm {ipb- X mw. Cuix ]o- I rX alm- ` qXteim\m-Zmb hyjvS n-k-a-j vSym- -I-qe icocmWn bYm- { I- a - a - I - t cm- X v . I]m- e - N m{m
kvX namw-k -\-Jm\n ]rYn hywimx-c --a q-{X-em-emtk z- Z m- Z n- I - a w- _ zmwi mx I ma- t {I m- [ m- Z tbm
thymamwimx qXv XrjvtWmjvW taml-ssa-Yp\mZymx Aywimx {]Nm-c-tWm-m-cW
- -izm-kZ- nImx
hmbvhwimx Ima-t{Im-[m-Ztbm thymawimx GXZv
kwLmXw IWn knXw XzKmZn bpw
_mem-Zy-h-m-`n-am-\m-k v] Zw _lp-tZmjm{ibw
qe-i-cocw `h-Xn.
bm-h-e vI y-t \mSv ss]wKe aljn hopw
tNmZnp: ""Fm temI-ns krjvSn-nX kwlmc
Im- hmb Cuiz-c F-s\-bmWv Poh-`m-Ks {]m]np-Xv?''. bm-he
- vIy ]dp: qew kqvaw
ImcWw Fv aqp-hn-[-n-ep ico-c-f
- psS D-htm-sSmw Poth-izc kzcq-]
- sf hnth-N\w sNbvXv
]dp Xcmw. Cuiz-c ]o-Ir-X-amb alm-`q-X--fpsS
Awi-sa-Spv hyjvSn-bp-sSbpw ka-jvSn-bp-sSbpw qe-ico-c- krjvSn-p. Xe-tbm- n, sXmen, IpS-ep-I, An,
amwkw, \Jw Ch-sbmw ]rYzn- bpsS Awifm-W.v cw
aq{Xw Dan-\ocv hnbv apX-em-bh Pemw-i--fm-W.v hniv, Zmlw, DjvWw, tamlw, aYp\w Fnh An-bpsS
Awi- -fm-W v. \S-p-I , Fgp-tp-I , Ccn-p-I ,
izmtkm-zmkw sNpI apX-em-bh hmbp-hns Awi-fm- Wv. Ima-t{Im- [m- Zn- I BIm- imwkfm-Wv. Cs\ Cu
qe-i-cocw Ch-bp-sS-sbmw kwLmXw sImpw I sImpw \nn-Xa
- m-Wv. Nm-Zn-bp-a
- mb Cu

560

I icocw _meym-h-mZn `mh-\-I-tfmSp IqSn-bXpw At\Iw

tZmj- \nd--Xp-am-Wv.

2. AYm-] -o-IrX alm-`q-X-c -tPmw-i-`m-K-{X-b-k -ajvSn-Xx-{]m-W-a -kr-P-Xv. {]mWm-]m\ hymt\m-Zm\

kam\mx {]mW-hr-bx \mK-I q IrI-ct- Z-hZ- -[-\R
- vPbmx D]-{]mWmx lrZm-k\
- \
- m`nIWvT
khmw-Km\n m\m\n BIm-imZn ctPm-Kp-W-Xpcob `mtK\ It-{nb akr-P -Xv. hmIv ]mWn
]mZ- h m- b q- ] - m- X v . hrbx hN- \ m- Z m- \ - K - a \
hnkm-\ - m- k v X - Zv hnjbmx Ghw `qX-k Xzmwi`mK-{X-b-k-a -j vSn-tXmxIc-W m-a -kr-P -X v.
Ax Ic- a -a -t \m- _ pn Nn- l w. Imcm- k v X Zv
hrbx im-\n-b kvac-Wm-`n-am-\m-\p-k-m\m
kv X - Z v h n- j bmx Kf-h - Z -\ - \ m-` n- l r- Z - b -{ `q- a [yw
m\w `qX-k Xz Xpco-b-`m-tK\ mt\-{n-b-akr-PXv t{im{X Xz NqPn-lzm-{Lm-Wm-kvXZv hrbx i_vZ-kv]i-cq-]c
- -k-K-m-kvX-Zzn-jbm ZnKv
h mX m - { ]- t N - t Xmi zn h o- \ v Z - t c m- t ]{
arXypImx Nt{m hnjvWp Xp h{x iw`p
Ic-Wm-[n]mx
]noSv A]-o-Ir-Xa
- mb alm`qXfpsS cPmw-ins aqp `mK- -sf-Spv {]mWs\ krjvSn- p.
{]mW A]m-\ hym\ DZm-\ kam-\ Fnh
Apw {]am-W
- fpw \mKw, Iqw, IrI-cw, tZh-Z-w,
[\-RvPbw Fnh D]-{]m-W--fp-am-Ip-p. lrZbw apJw
\m`n IWvTw Fo imcocn-Imw-K--sfmw Ah-bpsS
m\--fm- W.v BIm- imZn ]- a-lm- `q-X- -fpsS NXp
`mK-n \npw hmv, ssIbv, Imev, ae-Zzm-cw, D]w
Fo It-{n-b- krjvSn--s-p. hN-\w, Zmlw,
Ka-\w, hnk\w, B\w Fnh bYm-{Iaw Ch-bpsS
hnj-b--fm-Wv. AXp-t]mse alm-`q-X
- -fpsS kXzmw-ins aqp `mK--fm Ax-I-cWw krjvSn--s-p.
a\v _pn Nnw Al-mcw Ax-I-cWw Fnh
Ah-bpsS hrn-If
- m-Ip-p. k-ev]w, \n-bw, kvacW, A`n-am-\w, A\p-k-m\w Fnh Ah-bpsS Imcy-fm-Wv. Igp-v, apJw, s]mn, lrZ-bw, ]pcn-I
- fpsS a[yw Fnh Ah- bpsS m\-am-Wv. kXzm-i-ns
NXp-`mKw sImv sNhn, sXmen, Iv, \mv, aqv
Fo mt\- {n-b - krjv Sn- -s - p. i_vZ w,
kv]iw, cq]w, ckw, Kw Fnh Ah-bpsS hnjb
fmWv. Znp-I, hmbp, kqcy, hcp-W, Aizn\o
tZh- m, An, C{, Dt]-{, arXyp, N{,
hnjvWp, {_m-hv, iw`p Fn-h Cu C{n-b--fpsS
A[n-h-m-cm-Ip-p.

3. AYm-m-a-b-{]m-W-a-b-a-t\m-ab hnm-\-a-bm-\-abmx ]-tImimx A{\-tk-ss\h `pXzm A{\tk\ A`n-hrnw {]m]y A-c-k-a-b-]r-Ynhymw

bZzn-eo-btX tkm-a-b-tIm-iwx XtZh qe ico-

cw. It-{n-ssbx kl {]mWmZn ]Iw {]mWa-b-tIm-iwx mt\-{nssbx kl _pnhn-m\-ab tImix GXZv tImi-{Xbw enwK icocw kzcq]-m-\a
- m-\
- a
- b tImix XXv Imc-Wi
- c
- ocw AY
mt\ - { nb ] Iw It- { nb ] Iw
{]mWmZn ]Iw hnP-bm-Zn-]
- -I-ax IcW NXpjvSbw Ima-I-Xa
- mw-ky-jv S-]p-cw.

A-a-bw, {]mW-a-bw, hnm-\a

- b
- w, B\--abw
Fn-h-bmWv ]-tImi. A ck-m ]pjvSn
{]m]n-p-Xpw ]rYzn-bn hnebw {]m]n-p--Xp-amWv
Aab tImiw. AXp Xs-bmWv qeico-cw. It{Xnb kln-X-amb Ap hn[-n-ep {]mW--fmWv
{]mW-ab tImiw. mt\-{nb kln-X-amb a\-mWv
at\m-ab tImiw. Cu aqp tImifpw tNp--XmWv
enwK ico-cw. kzcq-]
m-\-amWv B\--ab tImiw.
CXmWv ImcWy ico-cw. C{]-Imcw Av mt\-{n-b-fpw Ap It-{n-b-fpw ]-{]m-W-fpw ]`qX- fpw \mev Ax- I- c-W-fpw Imaw Iw AhnZy Fnhbpw Ds-Sp--XmWv ]pcp-jvSIw Fp ]d-bp-Xv
- .

4. Cuim-bm hncmtPm hrjvSn-tZlw {]hn-iy_p-n-a-[ njvTm b hniz-Xz-a-Ka

- -Xv. hnm-\mm
NnZm-`mtkm hntizm hymh-lm-cntIm Pm{KXv qe
tZlm-`n-am\o I-`q-cnXn N hniz ky \ma `hXn, Cuim-bm kq{Xmm hyjvSn kqva icocw {]hniy a\ A[n-jv T mb ssXP-k-X z-a -K -a-Xv.
ssXPkx {]mXn-`m-k nIx kz]v \ -I -e v ] nX #nXn.
ssXP-k ky \ma `h-X n. Cui- bm amtbm
]m[n-c -h y- -k -a - ntXm hyjvSn ImcW icocw
{]hniy {]m-Xz-a-K-a-Xv. {]mtmhnnx ]mcamnIx kpjp-]vXy`n am\oXn {]mPvRky \ma
`hXn Ahy--te-im-m-\m-m-ZnX ]mc-amnI
Pohky XXz-akym Znhm-Iym\n {_-ssW-IX
- mw.
PKpt\-Xc tbmhym-h-lm-cnI {]mXn-`m-kn-Itbmx
Ax-Ic
- -W-{]-Xn-_nw-_ nX ssNX\yw b-tZ-hmh-m-{X-b-`mKv `h-Xn. k Pm{KXv kz]v\ kpjp]vXy-hmx {]m]y LSob {h ZpZzntm PmtXm
arX Ch ntXm `h-Xn.
Cuiz-c-\nt-i-a-\p-k-cnv hyjvSn-bn {]th-in
tijw _pn-bn \nh-kn-p-sImv hncmv hniz-ns
Ah {]m]n-p. hnm-\m-m-hv, NnZm-`m-kw, hnizw
hymh-lm-cn-Iw, Pm{K-Xv, qe tZlm-`n-am\n I `qan
Ch-sbmw hniz- ns AwK--fm- Wv. Cuiz-cs Bbm kq{Xm-mhv hyjvSn-bpsS kqva-tZ-l-n {]thinp a\-ns A[njvTm-\-n ssXP-k-am-bn-op.
ssXPkw {]mXn-`m-knIw kz]v\ Iev]nXw Fn-h-sbmw
ssXP-k-ns \ma--fm-Ip-p. Cuiz-cm--bm ambbpsS D]m-[n-bp-a
- mb Ahyw hrjvSn-bpsS ImcW
ico-c-n {]th-inv {]m-ambn {]mw Ahn-n-

561

I w, ]mc-amn-Iw, kpjp-]vXn-bpsS A`n-am\n Fnh

{]m- ns \ma- -f m- W v. ]mc-a mnI Poh
Ahy cq]-n Am-\
- m Bhr-X-am-bn-cn-pp. AXv {_-ns Awiw Xs. "Xz-akn' apXemb hmIy--fm AXv kn-am-Wv. Fm hymh-lmcnIw AYhm {]mXn-`m-kn-I- amb Awiw {_- hp-ambn Cs\-bp sFIys {]m]n-p-n-. Ax-I-c-W-n
{]Xn-_nw-_n-X-am-bn-cn-p ssNX\yw Xs-bmWv Pm{Kv, kz]v\w, kpjp]vXn Fo aqp Ah-Isfbpw
{]m]n-p-Xv ssNX\yw Xs-bm-Wv. Cu aqv Ah-I {]m]nv LSn-b{w t]mse DW-cp-Ibpw arX {]mbam-hp-Ibpw sNp-X
- v.

5. AY Pm{KXv kz]v\ kpjp]vXn aqm ac-WmZy-hm ]-`h

- -n. X-t-h-Xm-{K-lm-\znssXx
t{im{Xm-Zn-m-t\-{nssbx i_vZm-Zy-hn-j-b- {Kl-W-m\w Pm{K-Z-hm `h-Xn. X{X `qa[yw
KtXm Pohx B]m-Za
- -kvXIw hym]y Irjn-{i-hWm
ZyJn-e-{In-bm-Im `h-Xn. Xv^e
- -`pIv N `hXn. temIm- -c -K X; ImPn-X -^ ew k Gh
`pMvt, k kmh-`u-a-hXv hyh-lm-cmXv {imtm `h\w {]thjvSpw am-am-{inXy XnjvT-Xn.
Av Ah-I
- Ds-v ]d-b-s-Sp-p. Ah
Pm{K-v, kz]v\w, kpjp-]vXn, aq, acWw Fn-h-bmWv. t{im{Xw t\{Xw XpS-nb mt\-{n-b- AXmXns tZh-m-cpsS in-tbm-Sp-IqSn hnj-b-sf {Klnp Ah-b
- mWv Pm{K-v. Atm Poh ]pcn-I-fpsS at[y \nh-kn-p-p. Fm Imep apX Xe
hsc kIe ico-c-nepw hym]n- n-cn-p-I bpw Irjn
apX {ihWw hsc AXm-bXv mt\-{n-b--fp-sSbpw
It-{n-b--fp-sSbpw Fm I-fpw sNp-Ibpw
Ah-bpsS ^ew A\p-`-hn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Cu I-fpsS ^ew Ah\v ]c-tem-Ipw A\p-`-hn-tn hcpp-v. Ah Hcp kmh-`u-a-s\-tmse kmwkm-cnI
Imcy- sNbvXp oWnv Dn-ep hn{ia m\tp t]mIm B{K-ln-t amw B{i-bnv Ignp-I q-Sp-p.

6. I c - t W m- ] - c ta P m{K X v k wk vI m- t c m
{] t_m[hXv {K mly - { Km- l - I - c q- ] - k v ^ p- c Ww
kz]v\mhm `h-Xn. X{X hniz Gh Pm{KXv hyhlmc tem]mmUo a[yw Ncw-kvssX-Pk
- X
- z-a-hym]ym-h m-k -\ m-c q-] Iw PKZv sshNn{Xyw kz`mkm
`mk-b btX-]vknXw kzbw `pMvt. NnssI
Ic- W m- k p- j p- ] v X y- h m `h- X n. {`ahn{im
iIp\nx ]u kwlrXy \oUm-` n- a pJw bYm
KXn XYm Pothm ]n Pm{KXv kz]v\ {]]-RAtN hyh- l rXy {imtm- m\w {]hniy
kz\w `pMvt.

C{n-b- Ah-bpsS I-]c

- n-]mSn Ah-km-\n-np-tm Pm{K-Z-h--bnse kwkvIm-c--fn {KmKy-{Kml-I-cq-]-n-ep-m- Ip kv^pc-W- amWv kz]v\m- h-. B
Ah-b
- n hniz-sap t]cp Poh Pm{K-Zh
-
bnse hyh-lmcw Cm-Xmn \mUo-a[
- y-n ssXP-k`mhw {]m]n-pp. AXv AXns hmk-\m-\p-k-caw A`ymk-m hnNn-{X-amb Hcp PKv \nnv tkz-b-\pk-cnv AXns\ A\p-`-hn-p kpjp-]vXn-bn Nnw
Xs-bmWv Hcp Imc-Ww. ]n ]dv oWnv Nnd-sIm-sam-Xpn Xs Iqn-tev t]mIp--Xp-t]mse Poh
Pm{KXv kz]v\ {]]- fm oWnp Am- \-n
s]v B\-a
- -S-bp-p.

7. AI-ka
v m-p-ZvKc
- -Z-WvUm-ss{K-kvXmUn XhXv `bmm-\ m`ymw C{n-b-k w-L mssXx I\z- n-h -ar-XXpeym aqm `h-Xn. Pm{KXv kz]v\ -kp-jp]vX n
aqOm-h
m-\m-a\ym B {_m-Zn-kX
v w-_-]-cyw
kh-Po-h-`-b-{]Zm qe-tZ-l-hn-kP\o ac-W mhm `h-Xn. It-{n-bmWn mt\-{n-bmWn
XZv hnj-bm {]mWm kwlrXy Ima-Im\znX Ahn-Zym-`q-Xt- h-jn-TntXm Pothm tZlm-cw
{]m]y-tem-Im-cw K-Xn. {]m-^e ]mtI-\mhm- - c - I o- S - h Zv hn{imnw ss\h- K - - X n.
kXvI -] -c n-] m-I tXm _lp\mw P\m at
\rWmw tamtm Pmb- t X. XZm kZv Kpcp
am{inXy Nnc- I me tkhbm _ w tamw
InXv {]bm-Xn. Ahn-Nm-c-IrtXm _tm hnNmcm tamtm `h-Xn. XkvamXv kZm-hn-Nm-ct- b-Xv
A[ymtcm-]m-] -hm-ZXx kzcq]w \nbo Ipw
iIy-tX. XkvamXv kZm hnNm-ct- b--K-oh ]cam-t\m Poh`mK-PK
- Zv `mh-_mt[ {]Xy-K-`nw
{_ss-hm-in-jyX CXn.
Dt-in- m L-n hSn-sImtm Nm-sImtm
ASn-tb hyn-sb- tmse `b-mepw Am-\-mepw
BcpsS Fm C{n-b--fp-amtam hnd-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv
A-s\-bp ac-W-Xp-eym-h-b
- mWv aq. Pm{KXv
kz]v\ kpjp]vXn aq-Ipw `n-amb Ah--bmWv
WcWw AXns\ IoSw apX {_mhp hsc `b-s-Spp. BtXmsS qe-tZ-l
- n\v \miw kw`-hn-p-p.
B L-n It-{n-b- mt\-{n-b- Xm{X-I, {]mW Fn-hsb Fmw k-e]
v nv Ima-I
ka-\zn-X-amb Poh Ahn-Zy-bm Bth-jvSn-Xa
- mbn A\ytZ-ls {]m]nv ]c-tem-I-n-tev t]mIp-p. ]qhP-m PnX--fmb I-^e
- - A\p-`-hn-p--Xn
apgp-In-bn-cn-p-X
- p-sImv AXv Npgn-bn s] IoS-stmse imn tNcp-n-. kXvI--fpsS ]cn-]m-Im At\Iw P-ptijw a\p-jy-`m-h\ tam
am-n-tev Xncn- bptm GsX-nepw Hcp Da Kpcphns\ B{i-bnv Nnc-Imew At-ls tkhnv _-

562

I \-hn-ap-\- mbn tamw {]m]n-p-p. Ahn-Nm-c

- m
_hw kphn-Nm-c-m tamhpw e`n-p-p. AXn\m kZm D-a-hn-Nm-c-tmSp IqSn-bn-cn-p-I. A[-bmtcm]w A]-hmZw Fn-h-bm kzcq]w \n-bn-m
km[n-pw. Cs\ PKv Poh FnhbpsSbpw
Poh Cuiz-c Fn-h-bp-sSbpw Poh-`m-h-sbpw PKXv
`mh-sbpw \ncm-I-cn-m Xs {]Xy-Km-m-hn \npw
A`n--amb tIh-e-amb {_w am{Xw _mn F \nebn-se- p-p.

aqm-a- [ymbw
1. AY ssl\w ss]w Kex ]{]-b
- m--hevIyw
alm- h m- I y- h n-h - c - W - a - \ p- { _q- l o- X n. ktlm- h mN
bm-h-evIy-kvXX
- z-akn Xzw XZkn Xzw {_mkylw {_m-kvao-Xy-\p-k-m\w Ipcym-Xv. X{X
]tcm- y- i - _ ex kh Xzm- Z n- e - tWm
amtbm-] m-[ nx kn-Z m-\ etWm PK-t Zym\n
kvXXv]Z- h
- mtNym `h-Xn. k Ghmx Ic-Wmkw
`n-t_mt[m kva Xv {]Xym-h-e w-_-\kvXzw ]ZhmtNym `h-Xn. ]c-Po-thm-]m-[n-am-bm-hntZy hnlmb
XXzw ]Z-e yw {]Xy-K -`nw {_-X- z-a -k oXylw {_m-kvaoXn hmIym-hn-Nm-cx-{i-hWw
`hXn. GIm- t \ {ih- W m m- \ p- k - m\w
a\\w `h-Xn. {ihW a\\ \nhn-Nn-In-tt
hkvXpt\y IXm-\-h-bm tNXx-m-] \m \nZn[ym-k\w `hXn [ymXr-[ym-t\-hn-lmb \nhm-X-kvXnX- Z o-] -h ty ssbI tKmNcw Nnw kam-[ n
`-h- Xn.
bmhevIy-t\mSv hopw ss]K-e tNmZnp:
""F\nv alm hmIy--fpsS `mhmw a\-n-em-n-mepw'', bm-h-evIy ]dp: ""XXz-akn'' AXv \obmWv. "Xzw XZkn' AXv \obm-Wv, "Xzw {_mkn' \o
{_-am-Wv, Alw {_mkvan' Rm {_-am-Wv. ChbmWv B alm-hm-Iy-. Ch-sb-n Nnn-t-X
- pv. Xz-ako F-Xn "XXv' F ]Zw sImv kh-XmZn e-Wb
- p-hpw amb-bpsS D]m[n bphpw
kn-Zm-\ kzcq-]hpw PK-ns aqe-m-\hpw Ahy-hp-amb Cuiz-cs t_m[w e`n-p-p. Ax-I-cW
- ns D]m-[n-Im-cWw AtX Cuiz-c Xs. `nXm
t_m[-m "Xzw' F ]Zw aptJ-\bpw {]I-Sn-n--sSm-hp--Xm-av. Ch Dt]-n-m "XXv' "Xzw' Fo ]Z-fpsS Bibw {]Xy-Km-m-hn \npw A`n--amb {_am-sWv knn- p-p. C{]-Imcw Xz-akn Alw
{_mkvan Fn-hb
- psS hmIym hnNm-c-{i-hWw \Sp-p. GIm---e
- n-cpv Cu alm-hm-Iy--fpsS
Aw Nnn-pI F-XmWv a\-\w. {ihW a\-\sImv A-kz-cq] hkvXp-hn GIm-{K-X-tbm-sS
Nnw m]n-p-I-bmWv \nZn-[ym-k-\w. [ymXr-[ym-\`- m-

h- ssIhnv tIhew a[y-n-ep Nn hrn Imnm-n- Ss Zo]w t]mse nc-am-bn-cn-pw. kam[n F

Ah A-s\-bp--Xm-W.v

2. XZm- \ o- a m- - t Km- N cm hrbx kap- nXm

AmXm `hn Xmx kvac-Wm-Z-\p-ao-bt Clm
\mZn kwkmtc kwNnXmx I-t Im-S -t bmt\
ss\h hnebw bmn AtXm`ymk]m- S - h mXv
kl{iix kZm Aar-X - [ mcm hj- n. AtXm
tbmK- h n- amx kam[nw [- t aLw {]mlpx
hmk\m Pmtem \nx tijaap\m {]hn-e m-] ntX
I k- tb, ]pWy- ] mt] kap- tem- q-e ntX
{]mIv ]tcm-a
- ]n Ic-Xe
- m-a-eI
- h
- n-ZzmIy a {]Xn_- m-]-t cm- kmmXv Imcw {]kq-btX XZm
Poh-ptm `h-Xn.
B L-n hrn-I Bm-Im-chpw AtKm-N-chp-am-bn-o-cp-p. kvarXn sImp-am-{Xta Ah-sb-n
A\p-am-\n-m km[n-p-I-bp-q. Cu Ah hp
tNm temI-n A\m-Zn-Imew apX k-bn-np tImSm-\-tImSn I- \jvS-am-bn-o-cp-p. AXn\p-tijw A`ymk ]mShw t\Sn--gn-m Aar-X- ns
kl-{k-[m-c-I hjn-p {]Xo-Xn-bp-m-Ip-p. AXpsIm-mWv tbmK-a-dn-bp--h kam-[nsb [-ta-L-sav
]d-bp--Xv. C-s\-bp kam-[n-bn kIe hmk-\-Ifpw
\ntjw \in-p-p. ]m]-I-fpw ]pWy-I-fpw
kaqew \jvS-ambn `hn-p-p. Atm Xz-akn F
]Z-ns Bibw Ic-Xew aeIw t]mse \n _m[w
kv]jvS-ambn a\-n-em-m Ign-bp-p. AXns ^eambn {_ kmm-Xvmcw e`np tbmKn Poh-p--\mIp-p.

3. ]o-Ir-Xa
- -lm-`q-X-kw-`h I-k-nX qetZlx I-b
- mXv kXv I ]cn-]m-ItXm A]o-I-c Ww {]m]y kqvt assW Io`qXzm ImcW-cq-]X
- z-am-kmZy XXv IcWw IqSt {]Xym-Km\n hneo-b-t. hniz-ssX-Pk {]mmx kzkz]m-[ n-e -bmXv {]Xy- K m- \n eob-t. AWv U w
PvRm\m-n\m ZKv[w ImcssWx kl ]c-am-\n
eo\w `h-Xn. XtXm {_mWx kam-lntXm `qXzm
XXzw ]ssZ-Iy-tah kZm Ipcym-Xv. XtXm taL]mtb Awip-am-\nh Bm Bhn`-hX
- n.
]Ir-X
- -fmb alm `qX--f m \nn-X hpw
knX I- e`n qe ico-chpw _-\-Im-cnI-fmb I bnp t]mb-Xp-sImv kXvI
]cn-]mIw sImpw A]-o-Ir-X -ambn kqv a
- n
ebnv Imc-Wc
- q-]s {]m]n-p-p. ]noSv AXv ImcW- n\pw Imc-W-amb IqS--\mb {]Xym-Km- m-hn ebnp-p. hnizw ssXPkw {]mw Fn-hbpw D]m-[n\m-i-m {]Xy-Km-m-hn ebn-p-p. {_mmWvUw

563

I AXns\ Imc-W-am-Ip Ahn-Zy-tbm-sSmw m\m-nbn `kvao-Ic

- nv ]c-am-m-hn ebn-p-p. Cs\
{_-m\n kam-lnX `mth\ kZm XXv Xzw Fo
cp ]Z- sf GIo-I-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-W
- w. Cs\
sNbvXm taL- amdp-tm kqcy {]Im-in-p-Xp-t]mse B kmm-XvImcw e`n-p-p.

5. [ymXzm a[y--am-m\w
Ie-im-c Zo]-hXv
AwKp-jvT-a m-{X-am-m-\
a[p-a-tPymXn cq]Iw
6. {]Im-i-b a-w-[ym-tbXv IqS--a-hy-bw[ym-\-b-mkvtX ap\n-ss-h-Nmkp ]vtXcm artX
kvXp bx
7. Poh-px k hntbx
k [\yx IrX-Ir-Xy-hm
Poh-p--]Zw Xyzm
tkztZtl Ime-kmXv IrtX
hni-Xy-t Z-l -ap-Xzw
]ht\m kv]-Xm-anh
8. Ai-_vZk
- v]i-a-cq-]a
- -hybw
- Xv
XYm-ckw \nXy-a-K--h-b
A\mZy-\w alXx ]cw {[phw.
XtZh injy-Xy-aew \ncm-abw CXn.
IpS- n-\ -I - n- cn- p hnf- p-t ]mse Dn
nXn-sN-p {]Im-ib
- p-\pw IqS-\pw Ahy-b-\pamb Bm-hns\ Dd-p kabw hscbpw kZm kabpw [ym\n-p m\nsb Poh-p--s\v a\-nem--Ww. Ah [\y-\mWv; IrXr-Iy-\m-Wv. Poh-p-mh e`n-X
- n-\p-tijw Ah Cu tZlw shSnv hntZlm-h-sb {]m]n--Ww. ]ns i_vZk
- v]i cq] ck
K-cl
- n-Xhpw Ahy-bhpw \nXy-hp-amb {_w XsbmWv Ah-ti-jn-p--X.v

\mem-a-[ymbw
1. AY ssl\w ss]wKex ]{]-. bm-hevIyw
m\n\x Inw I; Im N nXn- c n- X . k
tlmhmN bm-hevIyx Aam-\n-XzmZn ktm
apapp tcI-hnw-iXn Ipew Xmc-b-Xn. {_-hn
amt{XW Ipe-ta-tIm-c iXw Xmc-b-Xn.
2. Bm\w cYn\w hnn
icocw cY-ta-hN
_pnw Xp kmcYnw hnn
a\x {]{K-lt- ah N

3. C{n-bmWn lbm \mlp

gn,bmw kvtXjp tKmN-cm
PwK-am\n hnam-\m\n
lrZ-bm\n a\o-jnWx
4. Bt-{n-ba
- -t\m-bpw
t`m-Xym-lp aljbx
XtXm \mcm-bWx kmmXv
lrZtb kp{]-Xn-jv TnXx

bm hevIy-t\mSv ss]wK-e-a-ljn hopw tNmZnp. ""PvRm\n-I-fpsS I-fpw Ah-cpsS nXnbpw

FmWv?'' bm-he
- vIy adp-]Sn sImSp-p.
4. apap-p- Aam-\n-XzmZn km[\ k-c
- m-Wv. Ah
X-fpsS Ccp-]n Hv Xe-ap-d-Isf XcWw sNn-pp. {_s Adnp Ign-m \qn Hv Xe-ap-dIsf Ac IS-p-p. Cu Bm-hm-Ip cYn ico-cam-Ip cY- n _pn-bm-Ip kmc-Yn-bm a\-m-Ip
ISn-m ]nSn-nv C{n-b--em-Ip-p. Aiz-sf ]qn
hnj-b-am-Ip am-n IqSn k-cn-p-p. Fm
_pn-ams lrZbw Ch-bn \nsmw AIv hnam-\n-s\mw s]mp-p. alm-mfmb aljn-am-cpsS
A`n-{]m-b-{]-Imwc Cu Bmhv C{nbw a\v Fn-htbmSp IqSn-bn-cn-p--Xmbn t`mm-hm-bn-o-cp-p. lrZb-n kmm `K-hm \mcm-b-W IpSn-sIm-p-p.

5. {]mc_v[ I ]cy-
aln-\ntm-Ih
- Xv hyh-lm-cXn
N{ h-ctX tZlo
k ap-m\n tIX\x
6. Xot-iz-]N
- t- K-tlhm
X\pw hnlm-b-bmXn
ssIheyw {]mWm-\-hI
- ocy
bmXn ssIheyw
7. Xw ]mZv ZnKv_enw Ipcym
ZYhm J\\w NtcXv
]pwkx {]{h-P\w t{]mw
t\X-cmb IZm-N\
8. \miuNw \mn-Imcyw N
\ ]nWvUw t\mZ-I{- Inbm
\ IpcymXv ]mh-Wm-Zo\n
{_-`q-Xmb `nth
9. ZKv[ky Zl\w \mkvXn
]Izky ]N\w bYm
m\m-n- ZK
- v[-tZ-lky
\ N {imw \ N {Inbm

564

Iptm, km[-I at\m-_p-n-c-ln-X-amb ssNX-\y-ambn

`hn-p-p. AarXw IpSnv Xr]vX\
- m-b-h\v ]mep-sImv
Fp {]tbm-P\w? AXp-t]mse B-m\w ssIhcn--h\v thZ- sImv {]tbm-P\
- a
- n-. m\m-ar-XXr-]X
v \
- mb tbmKnv bmsXmcp I-hyhpw Ah-ti-jnp-n-. Ah-ti-jn-p-s-n Abm ]q m\nb-. Ah Zqsc-bm-sW-nepw kao-]-am-Wv. ]nWvU-n
hkn-mepw ]nWvU-n \npw `n-amb kh-hym-]nbmb {]Xym-Km-m-Wv. lrZbw ]cn-ip-a
- mn A\m-ab
{_s Nnnv ""Rm Xs-bmWv kh-cq-]a
- mb
{_w'' Rm Xs-bmWv ]c-a-kpJ kzcq]w Fv a\n-em--Ww. Pe-n Pew tNmepw s\n s\v
tNmepw ]men ]mep tNmepw Ah GI-cq-]am-bn-Xo-cpXp-t]mse Pohm--]-c-am-m--fpsS kwtbmK-n\p tijw Ah Xn bmsXmcp hyXym-khpw C.

10. bmh-tm-]m[n ]cyw

XmhXv ip{iq-j-tbXv Kpcpw
Kpcp-hXv Kpcp `mcymbmw
XXv ]pt{Xjp N h h-\w.

13. tZtl mt\\ Zo]ntX _pnc JWvUm-Imc

cq]m bZm `hXn XZm hnZzm {_-m-\m-n\m
I _w
\n ZtlXv

ip-am-\kx ip Nn{Zq]x kln-jvWpx tkmlakv a n klnjv W px tkml- a - k v a oXn {]m]v t X

mt\\ hnmt\ ttb ]c-am-\n lrZn
kwntX tZtl e_v[-imn ]Zw KtX XZm
{]_m-a-t\m-_pn iq\yw `h-Xn. Aar-tX\ Xr]vX
ky ]bmkm Inw {]tbm-P\w? Ghw kzmm\w
mXzm thssZx {]tbm-P\w Inw `hXn? m\marX Xr]vXt- bm-Knt\m \ InnXv I-hy-a-kvXn.
XZkvXn tN k XXz-h-anZv `h-Xn. Zqc-tm]n
\ Zqcx ]nWv U hPnXx ]nWv U - t m
{]XymKmm kh-hym]o `h-Xn.
11. lrZbw \new IrXzm Nn-bnXzm ]y\m-abw
Al-tah ]cw kh
anXn ]tiyXv ]cw kpJw
12. bYm Pte Pew n]vXw
otc ocw LrtX LrXw
Ahn-titjm `th--Zz
nhm ]c-am-mt\mx
{]]n-s-Xmb D]m-[nv \miw kw`-hn-p-Xp-hsc Kpcp-hns\ ip{iq-jn--W w. Kpcp-hns\tmse
Xs Kpcp-]-X\
v n-sbbpw Kpcp-]p-{X-m-scbpw Icp-XW
- w.
Rm ip-am-\k
- -\m-Wv. Rm ip ssNX\y kzcq-]\m-W v. Rm kln-j vW p-h m-W v. Rm XsbmWv
klnjvW p Fp mt\m-Z bw Dm-I ptm
m\m-\p-`-h-m tb-amIp ]c-am-mhv lrZ-bn icnv Bcq-Va
- m-Ip-tm, icocw imn-bp--am-

]mv ]pd amp--Xp-t]mse Poh {]mc-_v[Iw Ah-km-\n-p-X

- p-hsc A\y-tZlw [cn-p-sImn-cn-p-p. Fm N{-s\-tmse I--b -ntep t]mIp-tm Ah ap-m-cmbn Xocp-p. Cs\-bp tbmKn Xo-kv\m-\tm NWvUm-e-Kr-lntem shv acnp sIm-s. Ah kZm tamw
{]m]n-p-p. Ahs icocw Imn Dt]-n-p-Itbm
an-\-Sn-bn Ipgn-n-Sp-Itbm sNbvXp-sIm--s. Fmw
Xpey-am-W.v Cu hn[n k\ym-kn-amv am{X-am-Wv, ap-h-. {_-`q-X\
- mb k\ym-knv iuNtam An-Imcytam ]nWvU-{In-btbm DZ-I- {In-btbm Nm{m-b-W-{h-Xtam
Bh-iy-an-. Zln--Xn\v Zl-\hpw ]mIw h-Xn\v ]gpn-epw A\m-h-iy-am-Wtm AXp-t]mse m\m-nbn Zln tZln-Iv {im I-tfm {Inbm-Itfm Bh-iy-an-.

14. XXx ]hn{Xw ]c-ta-iz-cm-Jym-a-ssZz-Xc

- q]w
hna-emw-_-cm`w
btYm-ZtI tXmb-a-\p-{]-hn-jvSw
XYm cqt]m \ncp-]m-[n-kw-nXx
15. BIm-i-hXv kqva icoc Bm
\ ZriytX hmbpx hZ-c
- mm
\ _mly-a-`y-c \njvNe
- mm
mt\m-evbm ]iyXn Nm-cmm
16. b{X b{X artXm m\o
tb\ hm tI\ arXyp\m
bYm kh-KXw thyma
X{X X{X ebw KXx
17. LSm-Im-ia
- n-hm-m\w
hnebw thn XXzXx
k KXn \ncm-ew_w
m\m-temIw ka-Xx
m\-m tZlm-`n-am\w \in-p-Ibpw _pn
AJ-WvUm-Im-c-am-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNp-tm _pn-am
m\m-n-bm I-_-- `kva-am-p-p. ]ns
Ah hnae hkv{Xw t]mse hnip--\mbn AssZzX
{_s {]m]nv shw ap sh-hp-ambn tNv
A`n--am-Ip--Xp-t]mse kzw kXy-cq-]-n \ne-sImp-p. Bmhv BImiw t]mse kqvahpw hmbpt]mse AZr-iyhpw BWv. AXv _mlym-`y-c \nehpw tIh-e-m-\-am-Ip ^ev-bm am{Xw ImWm

565

I km[n-p--Xp-am-Wv. m\n Fhn-sS-sb-nepw F-s\-

a\tkm lyp-\o-`mth
ssZzXw ss\thm] e`ytX
bZm bmXyp-\o `mh
kvXZm XXv ]caw ]Zw

sb- nepw acn- -s, Ah {_m- hp- ambn tNcp- p. BImiw

t]mse {_hpw kh hym]n-bm-Wv. LSmImiw BIm-in tNn-cn- p-- Xp-t]mse Xs bYm XXzw a\n-em-p tbmKn Fm `mK-p-\npw \ncm-ew-_hpw
m\-kz-cq- ]-hp-amb {_s Ah-ew-_n-p-. p
24. b{X b{X at\m-bmXn

18. Xt]-Zzj kl-{kmWn

GI-]mZ ntXm \cx
GXky [ym\tbm Kky
Iemw \mln tjmUinw
19. CZw m\-anZw tbw
XXv khw mXp-an-Xw
A]n hj-k-l{- kmbpx
imkv{Xmw \m[n-K
- Xn
20. hnt-tbm--cX
-
- mt{Xm
PohnXw hmNn Neo
hnlmb imkv{X-Pe
- m\n
bXyw XZp-]m-kyXmw
21. A\--I iu]N
Pt]m b kvXssYh N
Xo-b m-{Xm-`n-K -a\w
bmh-Xzw \ hnXn

X{X X{X ]cw ]Zw

b{X b{X ]cw {_
kh{X ka hnXwx
25. l\ym-p-jvSn-`n-cm-Imiw
p[mx-J-WvUtb pjw
\mlw {_tXn Pm\mXn
Xky apn\ PmbtX
_s Fs-sX `mh-\b
- m; tamw Fs-Xs `mh-\-bm-epw. a\v D\o `mhw {]m]n-p-tm
ssZzX-`mhw \in-p-p. D\o `mh {]m]vXn Xs-bmWv
]ca ]Z-{]m-]X
v n. B Ah--bn a\v Fhn-sS-bmtWm
hkn-p-Xv AXp Xs ]c-a]
- Z- w. Ahn-sSbpw ChnsSbpw nc-am-bn-cn-p-Xv ]c-{_w Xs. Hcp-
BIm-it- p t\mn ssI Npcp-p-Itbm Acn-In-m
thn Dan CSn-p-Itbm sNp-Xv shdp-sX-bm-W-tm.
AXp-t ]mse {_s Adn-bmsX tam- n-\p
bXv\w shdp-sX-bm-Wv.

24. b GX Zq] \njZw \nXy-a-[otX tkmn

]qtXm `h-Xn. k hmbp-]qtXm `h-Xn. k BZnXy
22. Alw {_tXn \nbXw
]qtXm `h-Xn. k {_-]qtXm `h-Xn. k hnjvWp
tam tlXp alm-\mw
`qtXm `h-Xn. k cp{Z-]qtXm `h-Xn. k {_ `qtXm
tZz ]tZ _ tammb
`h-Xn. k hnjvWp-]qtXm `h-Xn. k cp{Z ]qtXm
\ ataXn ataXn N
`h-Xn. k kthjp Xotjp kvXtXm `h-Xn.
Hm-e n \np-sImv Hcm Bbncw hjw k kthjvT thtZjp A[otXm `h-Xn. k khX]p sNbvXmepw AXv [ym\-tbm-K
- ns ]Xn-\m-dn- thZ {hX-N-cymkp NcntXm `h-Xn. tXt\-Xn-lmk
semcwin\pw Xpey-am-In-. Hcm kI-e-m-\-t- ]pcm-Wm\mw cp{ZmWmw iX-k-l-{kmWn P]vXm\n
b- fpw Adn-b -W -s a- m-{ K-l n- m Bbncw hjw ^em\n `hnx {]W-hm-\m-a-bpXw P]vXw `h-Xn.
imkv{Xm-`ymkw sNbvXmepw AXns Ah-km\w ImWm- Zi- ] p-j m Ztim- - c m ]p\m- X n. k ]wn
s\m-n-. AXp-sImv Adn-tb-Xv tIhew GIm-c ]mht\m `h-X n. k aml `h-Xn. {_-l-X ym{_w Xs. kXy-sa--XmWv a\pjy PohnXw N-e- kp-c m-] m\ kz-kvt X-b -K p-c p-X -ev]-\ -K -a\ XXv
am-W.v AXn-\m imkv{X--fpsS he-bn s]SmsX kXy- kwtbm-Kn-]m-X-tI`yx ]qtXm `h-Xn. XZzn jvtWmx
am- bn-pXns\ D]m-kn-p- I-bm- Wmhiyw. ]e-Xcw iuNw, ]caw ]Zw kZm ]iyn kqcbx Zohna Np-cmP]w, bw, Xo-bm{X apX-em-b-hbpw XXz-{]m-]vXn- XXw XZzn {]mtkm hn]-Xythm PmKr-hmwkx kanhsc am{Xta Dq. alm-m--fpsS tam-n-\m-[mcw tX hnjvtWmbXv ]caw ]Zw Hmw kXy-an-Xyp""Rm {_- amWv'' F t_m[w am{Xw _-tam- ]-\n-j-Xv.
p ImcWw cp ]Z--fm-Ip-p. Ft-sXpw FsX-s-pw.

23. ataXn _[ytX Pp\n

\ntXn hnap-NytX

Cu D]-\n-jv \nXyhpw hmbn-p--h An,

hmbp, k qcy, {_m- h v , hnjv W p, cp{Z Fnhsctmse ]cn-ip--\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah kh Xo-fnepw kv\m\w sNbvXh
- s
- \-tmse Bbn-o-cp-Ibpw
kIe thZ-fpw Adn--h-\m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNp-p.

566

I Ah\v thZm-\p-Iq-e--fmb Fm {hX--fp-sSbpw ^ew

Inpw. ]pcm-tW-X n-lm-k -] -T-\- ns ^e-hpw ew
{]mhiyw cp{Z-\maw P]n-m-ep ^ehpw Inp-p. ]Xn\m-bncw {]Whw P]n-p ^ew e`np-Xp IqSmsX
Ahs Ign ]v Xe-ap-d-Ifpw hcm t]mIp
]p Xe-ap-d-Ifpw ip-am-Ip-p. Ah-t\m-sSmw Ccnp--hcpw ip-cm-Ip-p. Ah alm-m-hm-Ip-Xp
IqSmsX {_-lXy kpcm-]m-\w, kztamjWw Kpcp-

X-e v]-K -a\w XpS-nb alm-] m-] - sNbvX -h-c psS

kwkw sImp-m-Ip ]m]-n\npw hnap-\m-Ip-p. Ip-If
- n BImiw apgp-h ImW-s-Sp-Xp-t]mse B m\n hnjvWp ]mZ-sf kv]jvS-ambn
ImWp-p. Ah PmKr-X\
- mbn hnjvWp ]Zw kvXpXnv
AXns\ {]`-a-b-am-p-p. Cu D]-\n-jv kXy-kz-cq-]am-Ip-p.

ss]wK-tem-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

Q
3
]ca
l
wt
km]
\
nj
v
1
imn-]mTw
Hmw ]q-aZx ]q-anZw ]qmXv ]qap-Z-N ytX ]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]q-ta-h mhinjytX. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
CXv (]-c-{_-w) ]q-am-Ip-p. CXv (Cu Zriy-P-Kv) ]q-am-Ip-p. ]q-n \npw ]qap-m-Ipp. ]qn \nv ]qw FSp-epw ]qw Xs
Ah-ti-jn-p- p.

A[n-I-an-. ]c-a-lw-k-cmb k\ym-kn-am Htm ctm

am{Xta ImWp-Ib
- p-q. Ah AXyw ]cn-ip--cm-Wv.
Ah Xs-bmWv thZ ]pcp-j-m. CXv hnZzXv k-X- amWv. C- s\- bp alm-]p- cp- j- m-cpsS Nnw kZm Fn
Xs ebn-n-cn-p-p. Rm Ah-cnepw nXn sNp-p.
k\ymkw kzoI-cn-h
- ]p{X- an-{X-I-f-{Xm-Zn-I-sfbpw ]q-Wp\q IpSp-a-th-Z-]T
- \w ]e-X-c-n-ep ss\jvTnIm-Nm-c Ch-sbmw Dt]-nv Iu]o\w Zw ]pXv
Fnh am{Xw ico-c- c-p thnbpw [cn-p- p. AXpw
{][m-\-a-. Atm apJy-amb Zo FmWv?

lcn Hmw AY tbmKn\mw ]c- a-l w-k m\mw

tImbw amm kvtXjmw Im nXn-cnXn \mctZm
`K-h--ap-t]-tXym-hm-N. Xw `K-hm-\m-l, tbmbw ]ca- l w-k - a mtm temtIjp Zpe- ` - X tcm \ Xp
_mlpteym btZytIm `hXn k Gh \nXy
]qXx k Gh thZ ]pcpj CXn hnZptjm
a\yt alm-]p-cptjm bnw XXv khZm athm-h-Xn-jvTtX Xkvam-Zlw N Xkvan-t-hm-h-obtX Aku kzan- { X- I - f - { X- _ - zm- Z o inJm
btm-] -aotX kzm[ymbw N kh IamWn
kw\y-kymbw {_mw N lnXzm-Iu-]o\w Zam-m-Z\ N kzi-co-c-t`m-Kmmb N temI-tkym]-Im-cmmb N ]cn {Ktl-Xv. X\ aptJym f
kvXn tImbw apJy CXn tNZbw apJyx

2. \ Zw \ inJmw \ btm-]-hoXw \Nm

m-Z\w NcXn ]c-a-lwtkm \ ioXw \ tNmjvWw
\ kpJw \ ZpxJw \ am\m-h-amt\ \ jUqanhPm \nm Kh- a- -c - Z w- ` -Z tm tZzj- k pJZpxJIm-a-t{Im-[-tem-`-tam-l-l jm-kq-b m-l- m-cmZow lnXzm kzh]px IpW-]-anh ZriytX bXkv X - Z z- ] p- c - ] - [ zkv X w kwi- b - h n- ] - c otX anYym
m\m\mw tbm tlXp-k vtX\ \nXy-\ nhr
kvX n-X y-t_m-[ -k vXXv kzb-ta-h m-h -n-XnkvX w
im-a-e-a-Zz-bm-\ hnm \L\ Ghm-kvan-X-tZh
a ]c-a-[ma XtZh inJmN XtZ-thm-]-hoXw N ]cam--t\m-tc-I-Xz-m-t\\ Xtbmt`Z Gh hn`x
km kym

\mcZ aljn {_m-hns ASp-sn ]dp:

tbmKn-am-cn ]c-a-lwk Zo kzoI-cn-n-p--hs amw
FmWv? Ahs nXn s#mWv? CXp tIv `K-hm
{_mhv ]dp: ]c-a-lw-k-amw temI-n hfsc
Zpe-`-am-W,v ITn-\-hp-am- W.v AXp-sImv Ah kwJy-bn

]c-a-lw-ks apJy Zo-sb-n ]d-bmw. Ah

Ztam inJtbm btm]-ho-Xtam GsX-nepw Xcw
hkv{Xtam kqn-m ]m-Sn. iotXm-jW
v -kp-JZpxJam\m-ha
- m-\m-Zn-I ssIhn-Sp--h-\m-IWw \n, Khw, acw, Zw`w, Zw, C, tZzjw, kpJw, ZpxJw, Imaw, t{Im[w,

567

I tem`w, tamlw, ljw, Akq-b, Al-m-cw Fn-h-bp-

bkvamZv `npln-cWyw ctk\ Zrw N k{_

ambn Ah-s\mcp _hpw ]mSn-. Ah kzi-co-cs alm `th- Z y- k v a mXv `npln- c Wyw ctk\
ihw t]mse Icp-Xpw. Ah\v kwi-btam anYym-m-\tam kv] rw tNXkx ]utkm `thZy kv a mXv
C. kXy-m-\-kz-cq-]\
- m-W-h. {]]--nse Hcp `npln-cWyw ctk\ {Kmlyw N k Blm
hkvXp-hn-s\bpw B{i-bn-msX Ah B-kz-cq-]- `th--kvamZv `np lncWyw ctk\ \ Zrw
n nXn sNp-p. Ah im\pw AN--e\pw N kv]rw N \ {Kmlyw N kth Imam at\m
AZz-bm-\ -\pw hnm\L-\ -k z-cq-]-\p-am-Ip-p. Cu KXm hymht ZpxtJt\m- Z znx kptJ\
kzcq]w Xs-bmWv Fs ]c-a- [m- ahpw inJbpw btm- kv]rlm-XymtKm cmtK kh{X ip`m-ip-`t
- bm-c-`n]-ho-Xhpw Fmw. Ah kI-eXpw kam\ Zrn-tbmsS kvt \tlm \ tZzn \ tamZw Nkth- jm-an-{nhon-p-p.
bmWmw KXn-cq-]-c-atX b B-t\y-hm-h-o-btX
bXv ]qm-\-ss-I-t_m-[-k vXZv {_ss-hm-l-a3. khm Imam ]cn-XyPy AssZztX ]c-akvaoXn IrX-IrtXym `hXn IrX-IrtXym `h-Xn.
nXn m\-Zm ZrtXm tb\ GI-Zo k
DNytX ImjvW -Ztm ZrtXm tb\ khm-i oCu Acw {Kln- -h \v Znp-I Xs-b mWv
m-\-hPnXx XnXn-m-m\ sshcm-Ky-i -amZn hkv{Xw. \a-kI
v mcw kzw Zn\-Ncy {]IrXn \n-kX
v pXn
KpW-hPnXx `nm-am-t{XW tbm PothXv k]m]o CsXmpw Ah IW-m-p-n-. tkz-t]mse kbXn hrnlm k bmXn \c-Im tLmcm alm- cn-p `np-hm-Ip-p. Bhm-l-\-hn-kP\ a{-Zn-I-sfmp-an-. hn`n--k-am\ kXy-kh-`m-hm-Zn-I kzoI-cn-ncu-c -h-k w-P -\ n-Xm.

]c-a-l w- k-\mb kw\ymkn Fm B{K-lfpw

shSnv AssZz-X-amb ]c-{_--kz-cq-]
- n nXn
sNp-p. m\-Z--[-c-\m-b-Xn-\m Abmsf Zn
Fv ]d-bp-p. Fm acw-sImph-Sn-bp-ambn kIe-hn[ Bi-Ifpw a\-n tNv PmRm-\-tat\y a
m\w sshcmKyw Cu KpW-sam- p-an-msX `n-sImp
Pohn-m-\p-t-inp \S-p ]m]n k\ymk [s
hy`n-N-cn-n-p-p. C-s\-bp k\ym-kn-\m-a-[m-cn-bmb
]m]n tLmc-amb cuch \c-I-n hogp-p.

4. CZ-a - cw mXzm k ]c- a-l wk Bimw

_tcm \ \a-kvImtcm \ kzm[m-Itcm \ \nm \
kv X nXnbm- Zr- ntIm `thZv `npx \mhm-l \w
\hnP\w \ a{w \ [ym\w t\mhm-k\w \N
eyw \m eyw \ ]rYMv \m]yY Krlw \\Xzw
\khw Nm\n-tI-X-n-Xn-tch `npx kuhmZo\mw ss\h ]cn-{K-tlW temIw \mh-temIw N
_m[Ix Ix CXn tNZv _m[tIm f kv t Xyh

. Xma-kn-m \nn-X-Kr-l-an-. _pn kpn-c-am-bn-cnpw. Ahv kzm-Zn-I Bh-i y-an-. bmsXmcp

hkvXphpw Ah\v BIj-I-ambn tXmn-. Ah\v Hp
{]Xn-_--a-. ]c-a-lw-k-\m-bn-o tijw Ah
kz-am-{K-ln-m {_-l-Xyp Xpey-amb ]m]-n-\[n-Im-cn-bmIpw kz-n sImXn-bp `np Nmf
Xpey-\m-W.v Ah Bm-Lm-Xn-bm-W.v ]c-a-lw-k [\w
sXmSpI t]mepw Acp-Xv. C{]- Im- c- ap k\ym-kn- bpsS at\m`n-em-j--sfmw Ah-km-\n-p-p. Ah\v ZpxJn `ban-. kpJ-n Xmev]-cy-an-. cmKw shSnv ip`m-ip-[Nn--bn-msX BtcmSpw tZzjw ]pemsX Bcp-ambpw
AXn-kvt\lw hln-msX Ign-bp-p. Ah Ahs
Bm-hn Xs nXn sN-Ww. Xm ]qW-A-Wm-\-kz-cq-]-\m-sWp AZzn-Xob {_-am-I-W-sapw Ah
Icp-Xp-p. AXp- sImv Ah IrX-Ir-Xy- \mbn Ign-bp-p.
Ah XnIpw IrX-Ir-Xy-\mbn Pohn-p-p.
]c-a-lw-tkm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

Q
3
]ca
l
wk
]
c
n{
hmP
t
Im]
\
nj
v
1
imn-]mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx irWp-bma tZhm `{Zw
]tiy-am--`n-cy-P{Xmx nssc-cw-ssK-kvXp-p-hmw-

k-kvX -\p-`nhy-tia tZh-l nXw bZmbpx kzkv Xn

\ Ct{m hr {ihmx kzkvXn \x ]qjm hnizthZmx kzkv X n \kv X mtym Acn- - t \anx

568

I kzkvXn t\m _rl-kv]-Xn Z[mXp Hmw imnx

imnx imnx
tZh-m- sc, R ImXp- I sImv awKfw tIpam-dm-I-tW. Ip-I sImv awKfw ImW-tW. kpZr-V-fmb AwK--fmepw ico-c-mepw \nsf kvXpXnp
sImp tZh- m Rv \n- bn- n-p Bbpp apgph\pw A\p-`-hn-s. alm-b-i-kzn-bmb C{ Rv
awKfw \I-tW. kh-\mb ]qjm tZh R
p awKfw \I-tW. ti \nhm-c-I\
- mb Kcp-U
Rv awKfw \I-tW. _rl-k]
v -Xnbpw Rv
awK-f-a -cp-f-tW.

1. AY ]nXm- alx kz]n-X -c -am- Zn-\ m-c m-b -W -ap-] taXy {]Way ]{]---_-K-h, XzpJm Zzm-{ia-[-{Iaw khw {ipXw hnZn-Xa
- -h-KXw CZm\ow
]c-a-lw-k-]-cn-{hm-P-I-e
- Ww thZnXp anm-an. Ix
]cn-{h-P-\m-[n-Imco? IoZriw ]cn-{hm-PI e-Ww.
Ix ]c-a-lwkx? ]cn-{h-P-IXzw IYw? XXv khw
ta {_qloXn k tlmhmN `K-hm-\mZn \mcm-bWx
A\-cw ]nXm-a-l kz]n-Xm-hmb BZn-\m-cm-Ws\
kao-]nv \a-kI
v c
- nv tNmZn-p. `K-hm-s\, A-bpsS apJn \nv hm-{i-a-[-{I-a-samw tIv a\-n-em-n.
Ctm ]c-a-lw-k-]-cn-{h-PI eWw tIm-\m-{K-lnp-p. ]cn-{h-P-\m-[n-Imcn BcmWv? ]cn-{h-P-I-e--Wsav? BcmWv ]c-a-lwk ]cn-{hm- P-I AXns Ah
Fs\ AsXmw ]d-bpI AXp tIv BZn-\m-cm-W ]dp.

2. kZvKp-c p-k-aot] kIem hnZym-]-cn-{i-atm

`qXzm hnZzm kh-ssa-ln-Im-ap-jvanI kpJ-{iaw
mXzm GjWm {Xb-h m- k -\ m-{Xb aa-X zmlw
Imcm- Z nIw ha- \ m- - a nh tlb-a - [ n-K ay tamamss-I-km-[t\m {_-Ncyw kam]y Krlo-`-thXv, Krlm-Zm-\o-`qXzm {]{h-tP-Xv. bZn thX-cYm {_N-cym-tZh {]{h-tPXv KrlmZzm h\mZzm AY ]p\c-{hX hm {hXohm f kv\mXtIm hm kv\mXtIm
hm D-m-n-c\ ntIm hm bZ-l-tch hncm-P- Z- l - tch {]{h-t P- ZnXn _pzm kh-k w- k mtcjp hnctm {_-Nmco Krlo hm\-{]tm
hm ]nXcw amXcw If-{X-]p-{X-am-] vX -_-p-hw
XZ-`m-th-injyw kl-hm-kn\w hm A\p-tam-Z-bnXzm
XZv ss[ytI-{]m-Pm-]-Xym-ta-thnw Iph-n, XZp
X Y m \ Ipc ym- X v. B t bm tah Ipc ymX v
Anln {]mWm {]mW- t a- s sh- X bm ItcmXn
ss{X[m-X -ho-b -tah IpcymXv GX-s sbh {Xtbm
[mXthm bZq-X -k Xzw cP-k vX a CXn Abw tX
tbm\n EXzn-tPm-btXm PmtXm Atcm-N Ymx Xw
Pm\- Btcm-lm[m t\m h[bm cbnw CXy
t\\ at{-W m- n- am- P n- t{LXv Gjhm At

tbm\nbx {]mWw Kkzmw tbm\nw Kkzm tl

tltXyh ssa ssh XZml

kZvKp-cp-hns kao]w kI-e-hn-Zym-]-cn-{i-a--\mbn

`hnv ]n-\m-bn-o hyn Cl-tem-Is
- bpw ]ctem-I-sbpw {ia-I-c-sap IcpXn hmk-\m-{Xbw GjWm-{Xbw aaX Al-mcw Ch On ]Zm-sa-tmWw \nys- ap IcpXn tam- n\v GI- km- [-\-amb {_N-cys Ah-km-\n-nv Krl-m-{i-a
- n {]th-in-Ww. B B{iaw ]qn-bm-n-b-Xn\p tijw hm\-{]w
kzmIn-c--Ww. As-n ap hn[-nepw hm\-{]-n \ntm {_-N-cy-n \ntm k\ymkw kzoI-cnmw. {hXw A\p-jT
v n-p--ht\m Am--ht\m kv\mXIt\m Akv\m-X-It\m An tlm{Xntbm An-tlm-{Xn-bm- -ht\m sshcmKyw tXmp ]w k\ymkw kzoIcn-mw. {]]--hn-c--\mbn A, A, ]p{X, `mcy.
_p- Fn-h- tcmtSm Ah-cn-s-n IqsS hn- cn-p-h-tcmtSm injy-m-tcmtSm kXw hm-Ww. \nXy-ss\ann bm-Zn-I-sfm-p-am-h-iy-an-. tIhew Btbn
am{Xw sN-Ww. An Xs {]mW An {]mWs
Im-hmWv F a{-m A\p-jvTm\w \nh-ln-Ww. kXz-c-P-kvX- a-kp- aqp [mXp- -fm-Wv. At, Cu
{]mW A-bpsS Imc- W- cq-]-am- Wv. AXn {]th- in-pI
F Aw hcp \nn- -a -{ - m BlpXn
sNmw.

3. {KmamXv t{im{Xn-bm-Km-cmXv An-am-lrXy kzhn[yp {ItaW ]qh-h - Zn amPn- t{LXv bZvy Xptcm hmnw \ hnt-Z]vkp Pplq-bmXv Bt]m
ssh khmx tZhXmx khm-t `ym-tZ-h -X mt`ym
Pptlman kzmtlXn lptXzm-Zr-X y-{]m-i v\ o-b mXv
kmPyw lhn-c -\ m- abw Gj hn[n hocm- [ zt\
hm\m-i tI \m kw{]-thti hmn-{]-thti hm
alm-{]-mt\ hm, b ZymXpcx kzma-\km hmNm
hm k\y-tk-tZj ]cx
{Kma-n An-tlm{Xw sNp--h-cpsS Krl- n
\npw An-sImp hv apI-fn kqNn-n hn[w
Ansb {LmWn--Ww. tcmKw hm[n-p-Itbm An
InmsX hcn-Itbm sNbvXm Pe-n tlma-Iw \Smw. kh-tZ-h-cq- ]-amWv Pew. CXn Fm tZh- mpw
thn lh\w sNp-p. Fw hcp \nn
a{w hn[n-{]-Imcw lh\w sNbvXv s\v tN lhnv
`n--Ww. CXv hoc-am hn[n-bm-Wv. A\-i\w kw{]th-i\w As-n alm-{]-m\w Chp thn-bm-WXv. tcmKn-bm-sW-n a\p sImtm hmp sImtm
am{Xw k\ym-kh
- n[n A\p-jvTn-m aXn.

4. kz {Ita-ssWh tNZm {iw hncmPm

tlmaw IrXzm An- a m- - \ y- t cm]y euInI
sshZnI kmayw kz NXpZ-iI
- -cW {]hrnw

569

I N ]pt{X kam-]-tcm-]nX `mth intjyhx XZ `mth

kz-t\yh hm {_m Xzw b-kvXz-anXn A`na{yw {_ `mh-\ bm [ym-km-ay{io {]thi
]qh-I -a]vk p kh-h n-Zym kzcq]mw {_Wym-[mcw thZ-am-Xcw {Iam-Xvhym-lr-XnjvT {XnjvT
{]hn-em-]y-hym-lrXn {Xb-a-I m-tcm-Imc aIm-tcjvT
{]hn-tem-] y-X --h -[ m-t\-\ m]x {]miy {]W-th\
inJm arXvI r-jy-b-tm-] -hoXw OnXzm hkv{Xa]n `qau hm A]vkp hm hnkrPy Hmw `qx kzmlm
Hmw `phx kzmMm Hmw kphx kzmtM-Xy-t\\ PmXcq-] -[tcm `qXzm kzw cq]w [ymb ]px ]rYIv
{]Wh hymlrXn ]qhIw a\km hN- k m]n
kw\rkvXw atbXn a{-a[y Xmc-[z\n kv{Xnhm-cX{Xn KpWo-IrX t{]tjm-m-cWw IrXzm {]W-sshI-[ym\ ]cm bWx k-`bw kh-`q-tX-t`ym-ax
kzmtl- X yp[z- _ m-l p`qXzm {_m-l -a- k v ] nXn
Xp- a- k ymZn hmIym kzcq-] m- \ p-k - m\w
Iph-p-ZoNnw Zniw-K-tXv PmX-cq-]-[-c--tcXv Gj
kw\ymkx

K-a-\-tatI `nmw lcn-Xy-Py-{Xn-Im-e-kv\m-\-am-N-c

thZm- - { i- h - W - ] q hIw {]W - h m- \ p- j vTm\w
Iph {_-amt kayIv k kzm`n-a-X-am-\ n-tlm-]-b nXzm \ntam A[ym- \n \njvT
Ima-t{Xm-[-tem-`a
- -Z-am-cy Zw`-Zm-l-m-c-k qbm
Kthm tZzj-l jm- aj-a -a -X zm-Zow lnXzm
m\-ssh-cm-Ky-bptm hn-kv{Xo-]-cmMv apJx
ip-am-\kx kthm-]-\n-j-Z-am-temNy {_N- c y-] -c n-{K- l -a -l nwkm kXyw btcm\ c- I
PntX-{ntbm _ln-cx kvt\l-hPntXm ico-ck-m-c-Wmw hm{Znjp htjp A`n-i-]vX]-X nX hPn-tXjp ]iq-c -t{Zmln ssZ-amtWm
{_-`q-bmb `hXn kthjp Imtejp em`m-emt`-k -a\ IrXzm-I-c-] m-{X-am-[q-I-tcWw \m aiv\
tatZm-h r- n-I - a- I ph Irio-` qXzm {_m-l -a kvaoXn `mh-b Kphw {Kma- ap-t]Xy {[ph
iotemu amtky-ImIn Ntc-Zzmth hmN-tcXv I.

{Kl- A[n-I m-c n- b - m- -] w kI-e -` q- X pw A`bw \In ktJm Fs _ew cn-p-I.

kz- Nn--\mbn Ah th-hn[w B- {im- hpw \o arX-l-m-hmb C{s h{P-am-Wv. \o F\nv imn
- -fn \npw hnap-hocPmtlmahpw \S--Ww. Ansb Bm-hn-em-tcm- ]nv Zmb-I-\m-Ip-I. Fs kh-]m-]
Xs Ign-hp-Ifpw ]Xn-mev IcW {]hr-n-Ifpw ]p{X- \m-pI Fw hcp a{w P]nv tZmj-a apf-hS- n,
\n Btcm-]n--Ww. ]p{X-\n-s-n injy-\ntem injy- ISn-kq-{Xw, Iu]o-\w, Ia--ep, Hcp Imjm-b-hkv{Xw Ch
- nv XXz-akn F alm\n-s-n Xs Bm-hntem Btcm-]n--Ww. ]ns tNv kZvKp-cp-hns\ \a-kvIc
{_mXzw Fp XpS-nb a{w sNmn {]mnv kmhn- Imhyw {]W-h-k-lnXw kzmI-cn--Ww. ]ns ac-hp-cntbm
{Xn-bn {]th-in--Ww. thZ-am-Xm-hns\ aqp hymlr-Xn- amtXmtem [cnv Pem-h-X-cWw apI-fn-tev Ib- dp- I. Htc
I- fn ebn-nv Pe- ]m\w sNmw. {]W-thm- m- c-W- tmsS Krl- n \np Xs `n kzoI-cn- p-I. Ch ssIhnp
v m-\hpw
inJ-sbbpw ]qWp-en-s\bpw tOZn--Ww. hkv{X- `qan- aqp t\chpw Ipfnv thZm-[ym-b-\hpw {hXm-\p-jT
bntem Pe-ntem \nt- ]nv Hmw kzmlm `qx kzmlm F ssIsm--Ww. B- \n-m- ]- c-\mbn Ima- t{Im-[- \nba{-m \-\mbn kzcq-]-[ym\w sNbvXv {]tXyIw {n--Ww. Akq-b, Khw, tZzjw, Aajw Fnh Dt]{]mW-s\bpw hymlr-Xn-tbmSp IqSn a\\w sNbvXv a\-p- n--Ww. Iman-\o-Im-\ ]cmMv apJ-\m-I-Ww, D]-\n-jsImpw hmp sImpw aqp XhW Rm k\ymkw Zw a\\w sN-Ww. {_-Ncyw A]-cn-{K-lw, AlnwkzoI-cn-p. Fp ]Xps ]dp. {]Wh [ym\w sNbvXv k, kXyw Cbn {i sNep--Ww. ico-c-c--Wmw
kI-e-`q-X-pw A`bw \In Du[z _mlp-hmbn \nn-Xcpw ]Xn-X-cp-amb hyn-I-sfm-gnv {Xnh--en
- n \npw arK- t`Z-`mKw IqSmsX
Rm {_-am-Wv. AXp-\o-bm-W.v Fo alm-hm-Iy--fps# s] hyn-If
(Alw {_m-kvan, XXz-a-kn) Aw Nnnv hS-p-Zn- Blmcw kzoI-cn-p--Xp-t]mse `n kzoI-cn-mw. em`
p-t\mn \S--Ww. ip kzcq-]-n k-cn--Ww. \-M-M Xpey-ambn Icp-X-Ww. `nm-hr-nbpw Aev]mlm-chpw F \ne-bn Ign-b-Ww. Fp-amkw {Kma--fn
CXmWv k\ym-kw.
`nm-S\w sNbvXv GIm-In-bmbn k-cn--Ww.

5. A[n-Imcn \ `th-ZyZn Krl {]m\m

]qh- I - a - ` bw kh- ` q- t Xt`ymx ax khw
{]htX kJm am tKm]m-buP kJm tbmko{ky ht{Pmkn hm{XLv\w i ta`h bXv
]m]w Xn hmc tbXy-t \\ at{W {]Wh
]qhIw k eWw sshWhw Zw IpSn
kq{Xw Iu]o\w Ia-epw hnh-h-kv{X-taIx
]cn-Krly kZv Kpcp-ap-]-K-ay-\Xzw Kpcp-ap-Jm--Xzh-koXn alm-hmIyw {]W-h-]qh-I-aq-] -e`y AY
Po-h-ev-em-Pn\w [rXzmY Pem-h-X-cW aq[z-

6. bZmew _pn `th- -Z m- I p-S o- ] tImw hm

_lq-ZtIm hmlwtkm hm ]c-a-lwtkm hm X-{-]qhIw ISn kq{Xw Iu]o\w Zw Iaepw kh-a]vky hnkr-PvamYm PmX-cq-]-[-c-ttcXv {]mssa-I -c m{Xw Xot-{Xn-c m{Xw ]t\
]-c m{Xw tt{X-k-]vXcm {Xa-\n-tIXx nc-aXn-c-n-tkhn \nhn-Imtcm am`m-em-`\ ka\ IrXzm
tKmhrXym ss`y-am-N-c-\p-Z-I-e Ia- -e q-c_m-[-I-c-l-ky--e-hmtkm \ ]p\ em`x ip`m-

570

I ip-`-I-\naq-e-\-]cx kh{X `qXe ib\x

uc-I -] -c n-X y-tm-bp NmXpm-k y-{hX
\nb-a-ip--[ym\ ]cm-btWm Akv{Xo ]pcpj
]cm-MvapJx A\p--tm-]y---h-Zm-N-cW hyenw-tKm-] y- m-N mtcm Znhm-\ - -k-a-tXz-\m-kz]v\ x
kzcq-]m-\p-k-m\ {_-{hW h[ym-\ -amt-Wmh-lnXw kw\ym-tk\ tZl-X ymKw ItcmXn ]c-alwk ]cn-{hm-PtIm `hXn
m\ e_v[n- p-tijw ISn kq{Xw Iu]o\w Zw
Ia-ep Fn-h-sbmw sh-n Fdn-mWv IpSnN-I\
- m-bn, _lq-Z-I-\m-bn, lwk-\m-bn, ]c-a-lw-k-\m-bn,
ZnKw- _- c-\mbn k-cn--Ww. {Kma-n Hcp cm{Xn, Xon aqp cm{Xn, \K-c-n Ap cm{Xn, t- {X-n
Ggp cm{Xn, Cu {Ia- n\v Xma-kn-mw. Krl-an-msX ncNn--\mbn An-tlm{Xw sNbvXv \nhn-Im-c-\mbn \nb-a\n-ba ]c-Xym-Kn-bmbn em`m-em-`-Nn IqSmsX {]mW-c- W-n \nv tKmhr-Xym-`n-m-S\w sN-Ww. GIm
m\v Xma-kn--Ww. shdpw \nev InS--Ww. ucIw shSn- b-Ww. NmXpamky \nb-a--sebpw {hX-sfbpw ssIhn tIh-e-km-X zn-I-[ym-\]
- -cm-b-W-\m-IWw
[\w kv{Xo ]p{X Ch-sc-n Nnn--cp-Xv. m\w e`nmepw D--s\-tmse s]cp-am-d-Ww. Zn\-cm-{X- Xpeyam-I-bm ]c-a-lw-k Ftmgpw Pm{K-Z-h--bn Xs
Ccn-p- p. Cs\ \nc-cw kzcq-]-k-m-\-tmSpw
{_- { ]- W - h - [ ym- \ - t mSpw IqSn- b p k\ymkw
ssIsmv tZl-XymKw sNp--h ]c-a-lw-k-]-cn-{h-P\m-Ip-p.

7. `K- h {_ {]Whx IoZr- i oXn {_m

]rXn ktlm-h mN \mcm-b Wx {_ {]Whx
tjmU-i-am-{Xm-Ix tkmhm NXp-b NXp-b-tKm-Ncx Pm{K-Z-h -mbmw Pm{K-Zm-Zn-N-X pt{km
Ah- m- k z]v t \ kz]v \ mZn NX- t {km- h mx
k pj p] vtX m k pj p- ] vX yZn N X - t {k m- h m
kvX pcotb Xpco-b mZn NX-t{km-hm `h- oXn
Pm{K-Z -h - mbmw hnizky NXphn[ymw hnizhntizm hniz-ssX-Ptkm hniy-{]mtm hniz-Xpc ob C X n k z] v\ m- h - mbmw s s X P- k y
NmXphn[yw ssXP-k - h n- i zkvs sX Pkkvs sX
Pk- { ]m x {]m - { ] m- - k v X p- c ob CXn
Xpcobm hmbmw Xpco-b ky NmXp hn[ymw
Xpcob hniz-kvXp-cob ssXP-k-kvXp-cob {]m
kvXpcob kvX pcob CXn tX {ItaW tjmU-am{Xm-c q-Vw.

]vXymZn \me-h
-I Xpco-b-n Xpco-bm-Zn-\m-eh
-
I Pm{K-Z-h
-bn hnizw \mep hn[-am-W.v hniz-ssX-Pkw, hniz-{]mw hniz-Xp-cobw hniz-hnizw kz]v\m-h-bn ssXPkw \mep hn[w. ssXP-k-hn-izw, ssXP-k-ssXPkw ssXP-k-{]mw ssXP-k-Xp-co-bw. kpjp-]X
v n-bn
{]mw \mep-hn[w {]m-hnizw {]m-{]mw
{]m-Xp-cobw \mep-hn[w Xpco-b-hnizw Xpco-b-ssX-Pkw
Xpco-b-{]mw Xpco-b-Xp-cobw Cu {Ia-a-\p-k-cnv {_{]-Whw ]Xn-a-\mdp am{X-bn Bcq-V-am-bn-cn-p-p.

6. BImtc Pm{K-Zzniz DImtc Pm{K-s sX-Ptkm

aImtc Pm{KXv {]m A-am-{Xbmw Pm{K-pcotbm _ n u k z] v \ - h ntizm \ mtZ k z] v \
ssXPkx Iembmw kz]v\ {]m Iem-X otX
kz]v\ -X p-\ obx imu kpjp-] vX -h nizx imy
XotX kpjp]vXm ssXPkx D\ymw kpjp]vX
{]mtm at\m-\ymw kpjp]vX Xpcobx Xpcobmbmw Xpcob hntizm aZy-ambmw Xpcob sXPkx
]iyymw Xpcob {]mx ]cmbmw Xpcob
Xpcobx Pm{K am{X NXpb aIm-cmwiw kz]v\am{X NXp--b-]p-Im-cmwiw kpjp]vXn am{Xm NXpbw aIm-c mwiw XrXo-b -am{Xm NXp- -h -am{Xmwiw Ab-tah {_-{]-Whx k ]c-a-lw-k-Xpco
bmXo-X m-h - [ p-s sX-c p-] m-k y-tX-s s\h {_-{]-I mitX tX\ hntZ-l-apnx
AIm-c-n Pm{KXv hnizhpw DIm-c-n Pm{KXv
ssXP-khpw aIm-c-n Pm{KXv {]mhpw A-am-{Xbn Pm{KXv Xpco-b-hp-am-Wv. _np-hn kz]v\hnizw \mZn kz]v\-ssX-Pkw Ie-bn kz]v\{]mw. Iem-XoX- n kz]v\-Xp-co-bw. imn-bn kpjp]vXn hnizhpw
imy-Xo-X-n kpjp]vX n ssXP-khpw D-\n-bn
kpjp]vXn {]mhpw at\m--\n-bn kpjp]vXn Xpcobhpw Dv. sshJ-co-bn Xpco-b-hn-izhpw a[y-a-bn
Xpcob ssXP-khpw ]iy-n-bn Xpcob {]mhpw ]cbn Xpcob Xpco-bhpw Pm{K-ns \mep am{X-Ifpw
BIm- -i-n-s-Xm-W.v kz]v\-ns \mep am{X- Ifpw DImcmw-i-bp--am-W.v kpjp-]X
v n-bpsS \mep-am-{X-I aIm-cmwi-bp--am-W.v Xpco-b-ns \mep am{X-I A-am-{Xmwi-bp--am-Ip-p. CXn-s\- -s- bmWv {_-{]-Whw Fv
]d-bp--X.v Xpco-bm-Xo-X ]c-a-lw-k Ah-[q-X Fnh ChnsS D]m-k-I-cmWv {_w. AXn-\m XsbmWv
{]Im-in-p--Xv. AXn-\m Xs-bmWv hntZ-l-ap-n-bpw.

7. `K-h IYw Abtm ]ho-Xym-inJo kh

I ]cn- X yxIYw {_- \ n- j v T m- ] cx IYw
`K-hm-s\, {_-{]-Whw GXp hn[-n-ep-X
- mWv {_mW CXn {_m ]rXn k tlm hmN
- m-mFv {_mhv tNmZn--tm \mcm-b-W ]dp: {_- hnjvWp t`mx t`m A`-b-kym-kvXy-ssZz-Xa
{]-Whw ]Xn- \mdv am{X-tN-XmWv \me-h--I-fn \mep m\w XtZh btm-] -h oXw Xky [ym\-\nhoXw ]Xn- \mdv hn[-ap- v. Pm{K-Z-h--bn Pm{K- ZmZn \mem- jvssTh inJm XXv I k ]hn{Xw k kh
h- - I kz]v\mZn \mem-h-- I kpjp-]vXn- bn kpjp- I IrXv k {_mWx k {_ \njvTm-]cx k

571

I ssZhx k Ejnx k X]kzo k t{ijvTx k Gh

kh tPyjvT x k Gh PKZv Kpcpx k Ghm
lwhnn temtI ]c-a-lwk ]cn-{hm-PtIm Zpe-`X-tcm-b-tZy-tImkvXn k Ghx \nXy ]qXx k Gh
thZ ]pcptjm alm-]p-cptjm bkvX
- nw aty
hmh-X n-jvTtX Alw NX-k van-t-h m-h - nXxk
Gh \nXy-Xr]vXx kx iotXm-jvWk
- p-JZpx am\mh-am-\ m-hPnX k \nm-aj klnjvW p kjUqn hPnXx jUv` m-h -hn-Imc iq\yx ktPyjv T m- t Pyjv T hyh- [ m\ clnXx k kzhrXn
tctIW \m\r-{Zm Bimw _tcm \ \a-kvImtcm
\ kzlm Imtcm \ kz[m-Im-c \ hnk\
]tcm \nm kvXpXn hyXn-cntm \ a{ Xt{m
]mktIm tZhm--c-[ym\ iqt\ym eym-e ym
\nhIx kthm-]-cXx k kn-Zm-\m Zzb-NnZvL \x kq-\ss I t_mt[m {_ Gh
Alw AkvaoXn A\ hcXw {_ {]W-h m\p
k m t\\ bx IrX-IrtXym `hXn k l ]calw k]cn {]mUn-Xyp-]-\n-j-Xv.
`K-hms\ btm-]-hoXw inJ kh-I-
Fnh ]cn-Xy-Pn-m Fs\ {_-\n-jvTm-]-c-\mIpw?
Fv {_mhv tNmZn--tm hnjvWp ]d-p. A-s\bp--h\v btm-]-hoXw Ahs AssZz-X-bp--amb
B-m\w Xs-bm-W.v Ahs inJ [ym\ \njvT-bm-

Wv. kzI--fm Ahs ]cn-ip--\m-Ip-p. Ah

kIe I-fpw A\pjvTnp Ign-p. Ah {_mW-\m-Wv. Ah {_m-\n-jvTm-]-cm-b-W -\m-Wv. Ah
tZh\pw Ejn-bp-am-Ip-p. X]-kznbpw t{ijvT- \p-am-Ip-p.
kh-nepw tPyjvT\pw PK-ZvKp-cp-hp-am-W-h Ah
Rm Xs-bm-sWv a\-n-em-p-I. temI-n Cs\-bp ]c-a-lw-k-]c
- n-{hm-P-I
- m Zpe-`-am-Wv. Fhn-sSsb- nepw Htm ctm t] Ip- shv hcmw. Ah \nXyip-\pw thZ ]pcp-j\pw hm\ ]pcp-j-\p-am- Ip-p. Ahs
Nnw Fnepw Ah Fnepw hkn-p-p. Ah
\nXy-Xr-]X
v -\m-Wv. Ah {iotXmjvW ZpxJkpJ am\m-ham-\-c-ln-X- \m-Wv. Ah jUqn cln-X\pw jUv`m-h-hnIm-c--Xo-X-\p-am-Ip-p. hen-b-hs\tm sNdn-b-hs\tm D Nn Ah-\n-. Ah Bm-hns\ am{Xw
ImWpp asm-n-s\bpw C. Znp-I-fm-W-hs hkv{X. Ah \a-kI
v m-ctam kzlm-Im-ctam kzm[m-Im-ctam
sNp-n- . Ah \nm-kvXp-Xn-I-Xo-X-\m-Wv. Ah\v
a{- X-t{m-]m-k-\-bn-. Ah A\y tZh-msc [ym\n-pn-. eym-ey cln-X-\mbn kh-hn-c--\mbn Ign-bpp. Ah kn-Z m-\ - \pw AZz-b \pw NnZvL -\ \pw
kqm-\ t_m[- bp- \pw Rm {_-amWv Fp
AJ `mh-\m-bp- -\p-amWv C-s\-bp- -hs\ ]c-a-lwk-]-cn-{h-P-I-s\p ]d-bp-p. Cs\ D]-\n-j-v.
]c-a-lw-k-]-cn-{hm-P-tIm-]\
- n-jv kam-]n-p.

]c-{_-tm-]-\n-jv

imn-]mTw
Hmw `{Z It`nx irWp-bma tZhm `{Zw ]tiy
am- ` nb- P {Xmx nssc- c wssK kv X phmw
kkvX-\q-`nhy-tia tZh-l nXw bZmbpx kzkv Xn
\ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvX n \x ]qjm hnizthZmx kzkv X n \kv X mtym Acn- - t \anx
kzkvX n t\m _rl-k v]-X nZ-[ m-X p. Hmw imnx
imnx imnx
tZh-m-sc, R ImXp-sImv awKfw tIp-amdm-ItW. Ip-IsImv awKfw ImWp-am-dm-It- W. kpZrV--fmb AwK--fmepw tZl-mepw \nsf kvXpXnp-sImWv tZh-m RM-A-Mv \n-b n-n-p

Bbp-p-ap-gp-h\pw R A\p-`-hn-p-am-dm-ItW. almIon-am-\mb C{ Rv awKfw \ItW. kh-\mb ]qjzmhv Rv awK-f-a-cp-f-s. A{]-Xn-tcm[y-K-Xn-bmb Kcp-U Rv awK-f-a-cp-f-tW. _rlkvarXn Rv awKfw \ItW. Hmw. imnx imnx
imnx

1. AY ssl\w alm imex iu\tIm BwKn

ckw `K-hw ]n-em`w hn[n-h-Zp-]-kw ]{]-Znthy {_-]ptc tI kw{]-Xn-jvTnXm `h-n, IYw
krPyt \nXym- \ Gj alnam hn`Py Gj
alnam hnZpx I Gjx Xkvssa k tlmhmN GXXv
kXyw bXv {_hoan {_- h nZymw hcnjv T mw

572

I tZth`yx

{] mtW `yx ]c- { _ ]ptc hnc Pw

\njvIfw ip`-a-cw hncPw hn`m-Xn. k \nb-Xn
a[p- I cx tizh hXv ^ - e - a - \ p- ` - h Xo Ia- a mXm I ItcmXn I-a mXzm I
IpcymXv tIm Pmew hnn-t]-tZtIm ss\\-a-] IjXy ]Ij-X n.

hnin--\mb iu\-I AwKo-c-hw-i-n ]nd `Khm ]n-em-Zs\ hn[n-]qhw kao-]nv tNmZnp: temIn-ep-mIp ]Zm--semw t\cs Znhy-amb
{_-]p-c-n AXm-bXv `K-hm lnc-Wy-K`s lrZbm-Im-i-n hncm-Pn-p-I-bmtWm? B ]Zm-sf
hn`m-tK\ hym]-I\pw aln-am-a-b-\p-amb Cuiz-c Xs
Dn \npw Fs\ krn- pp? Atlw bYmn BcmWv? ]n-em- Z ]dp: Rm \np ]dp-X- cm t]mIp {_- hnZy kXy- am- W.v Atlw kXykz-cq-]-amb {_-]p-c-n KpW{Xblo-\\
- mbn hncm-Pnp-p. {]mW apX \maw hsc-bp ]Xn-\mdp Ie-Ifn-m--h\pw Am-c-W-m Ahn-\mio cq]-n
nXn-sN-p--h\
- p-am-W-t-lw. Atlw Poh-m{X kaqls _-tam--v A[n-Imcn F \ne-bn
krn-p-p. Cu kzcq-]-n-ep {_-hn-Zyv B[m-c`q-X-hpamb ]c-am-mhv apap-p--fpsS Ahn-Zym-Zn-Isf
\nb-{n-p-p. AXns ^e-ambn Ahv ip ssNX\y-{]-XoXn Dm-Ip-p. kzm-\v AI-Wy-s\
\ne-bn Ign-bp Atlw IrX-Ir-Xy-\m-Wv. hn]-coX
Zrn-bmb Atlw ]e {]Im-c-n-ep-ap I-
sNp--h-\mbpw Ij-Is
- \-tmse Xs I-n-\-\pk-cnv ^e-a-\p-`-hn-p--h-\mbpw Xocp-p. I-a- a-dnbp hyn Bcm-[\m _pn-tbmsS Iw sNp-p.
Fm ]c-{_w Xs- bmWv Xm F-dn-bp--Xn-\m
ap {`a--fn \nsmw ap-\m-Im B{K-ln-p-p.
ap\n-am-cpsS Ihyw {Klnv \njvIm-a-_p-ym-Iw
sNp-p. GI-am-{X- amb {_-n Xs apgp-Inb Hcp
k\ym-knbpw A\p-Nn-X--fmb ]e I- sNp-n. \njvIm-a-_p-n-tbmsS Iw sNp--hs\ Ahs
I- kmwkm- cn- I-- fmb hnj-b- -fn-tev BIjnm-dn-.

2. {]W- t Z- h - X m- - X zmcx Xmx khmx \mUyx

kpjp-]vX-tiy-\m-Im-i-hXv bYm tiy\xJam-{in-XybmXn Xzebw Bembw Ghw kpjp]vXw {_qX
Abw N ]cw N kh{X lnc-Wy-atb ]tc-tImti
Aar-Xm-t]yjm \mUo-{Xbw k-cn-Xky {Xn]mZw
{_ Gjm t{Xjym XtXm A\p-Xn-jvTXn A\y{X
{_qX Abw N ]cw N kh{X lnc-tb ]tc
tImti bssYj tZh-Ztm bym N \mUyamt\m ss\th- X n. Gh- anm ]qt Itm
ip`m-ip-ss`\ en]ytX bYm-Ip-am-ctIm \njvIma
B\- -a-` n-bm-X n, XssYj tZhx kz]v \-am-\ - -a-` n-

bmXn thZ Gh ]cw tPymXnx tPymXnjm am

tPymXn-cm-\--b-tXyh tah. XXv]cw bXv Nnw
]c-am-m-\-am-\--b-Xn. ip`-h-am-Pm-b-tX-iz-cmXv
`qb-kvtX-ss\h amtW kz]v\-m\w \nb-Xn
Pf-Im-`m-h-h-ZyYm Ima-am-Pm-b-tX-iz-c mXv Xmh-Xmm-\-am-\ bXn ]c-k-o-b-Z-]-c-k-oXn. XXv ]cw
\m]cw XyP-Xn. X ssZh I]m-em-Iw kmb
b Gj kvX\ Chm-ew-_t- X. tk{ tbm\nx k
thZtbm \ncnXnx A{X Pm{K-Xn. iq`m-ip-`m-Xn-cnx
ip`m-i pss` c]n I-` n\ en]y-tX. k Gj
tZthm Xy tZh kykw-{]-kmtZm A-cym-ay-kw-KNn-{ Zp]x ]pcpjx {]W- h - l wkx ]cw {_, \
{]mW lwkx {]Wthm Pohx BZym-tZh Xm\n
thZ-b Xn b Ghw thZ XXv IYw \nth-Z-b tX
Pohky {_-X z-am-]m-Z-b-Xn.

kth-iz-c GXp hn[-ap--h-\mWv? Poh {]mWm[mc cq]-n Xpcob t`Z-m \mev {]mW tZh-X-am-cpv. Ahsc {]m]n-p-hm-\p \mUn-Ifpw \mep-hn-[-am-Ipp. ca, Ac-a, C, ]p\`h Ch-bmWv B \mUn-I.
Ch-bn ca, Aca Cu cp \mUn-Ifpw tNv BIm-in k-cn-p ]cp-n-s\-tmse Pm{K-Xvkz-]\
v m-Zn-Ifm Xfv Dd-n-tm-Ip-p. ]cpv hfsc kabw ]dv
Xf-cp-tm Iqn-tev hcp--Xp-t]m-se-s Poh\pw
Pm{K- Zm- Zn- I-fm oWnv Xs hn{i- a-m-\v Cu cp
\mUn-I-fnepw hn{i-a-n\v Dd-p-p. Dd-p Ah-bn Nne-tm k-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. k{X gAb-B-^-J-W-Bb ^d-W-B-Y-A-W-B-gA ME-[-b-B-J-Bi-n camZn aqp \mUn-I-tfbpw B{i-bnv kzkz-cq]s {]m]npw Am-sXbpw Xm-{Xm-cq-]-n Ign-bpp. Dd-p Hcp hynsb hSn-sIm-Sn-m Ah
DW-Xn-\p-tijw ]ns Dd-m-Xn-cn-p--X p-t]mse
Poh\pw thZ-am-Ip BNm-cy-\n \np thZm--X-Xzw- {Klnv m\-bp--\mbn Xocp-tm hopw Ah- m-{Xb-n ]Xn-p-n-. \Xpw No-bp-amb Ia--fn
apgp-Ip--Xp-an- . _me Fnepw Bk-- \-m-- Xn-\m
Inp--Xn B\-n- p--Xp-t]mse Poh\pw kz]v\-ntem
Pm{K-ntem B\-a
- -\p-`h
- n-pp Rm {_-kz-cq]w
Xs- bm-Wv. F t_m[-ap- -h B\--a- b-\m-Ip-p. HcpXcw A Hcp ]pn \npw asmcp ]pn-te-s--t]mse
m\nbpw PmK-c-W
- n sNp ]n ap-h Dt]-np-p. {_-X-e]
v -c-\mbn AXv Xn \npw `n-a-sv
m\n a\-n-em-p-p. tIhew {ih-Wm-Zn-I-fm {_m\w e`n- p-n- . Iem-]m- Iw AXm- bXv tbmK-ns
baw, \nb-aw, Bk-\w, {]mWm-bm-aw, {]Xym-lm-cw, [mcWw, [ym\w kam[n Fo Amw-K- A`y-knv Ahbm lrZ-bs ipo-Ic
- nv {_-m\w t\Sn IrXIr-Xy-\m-tI--Xp- v. tbmK-[ym-\-n-\m-[mcw CXm-Wv.
kvX\w t]msetbm hmg-q-p- t]m-setbm s\n Xqnn-S-p AXv tbmK-Im-ev apI-fn-temp s]mn hnI-

573

I kn-p-p. lrZ-b-I-a-e
- n nXn-sN-p Cuiz-cs\
[ym\n- p- -h ip`m- ip` I-smw AXo- X-\mbn
-hn-p- p.
{]km-Za
- -b\pw A-cm-anbpw \nw-K\pw Nn{Zq-]\pw
{]W-hl
- w-k-\p-amb cq]-n ]c-{_w kvacn--s-Spp. {]Whw Xs- bmWv Poh. Fs- m AXv Hmmc-ns Ah-b- -h-n BIm-c- m hmNy-am-Wv. HmwImc-ns bYm-cq]w Adn-bp--h\v Poh-{_--]Zw e`nm Ign-b pw. {]W-h m- - I - a mb ]c- {_- - ns
[ym\hpw \nZn-[ym-k-\hpw Poh-p-nv hgn-sbm-cp-p- p.

3. kz-a-Ymky ]pcp-jky Ax intJm-] -hoXXzw {_-Wky apap-tm-c intJm-]-ho-X-[mc-Ww, _lne-y-amW inJm-b-tm-]-[m-cWw

IntWm Krl-ky A-cq] hoX eWw
Xp _ln-kvX -p-h-Z-hy--a kvXXz-ta-f\w
B-cn-Ii
- n-Jbpw btm-]-ho-Xhpw {_-cq-]-a -b\mb Cu ]pcp-js kXyw Xs- bm-Wv, tamw B{K-lnp {_m-W Cu B-co-I-in-J-sbbpw btm-]ho-X-sbpw [cn--Ww. ]pdsa ImWp btm-]-hoXhpw inJbpw In-I-fmb Krl-v thn-bp-Xm-W.v B-cn-I-in-Jbpw btm-]-ho-Xhpw ]pdsa D
kq{Xw t]mse hy-a-. Fnepw Ahy-hpw ]c-{_-tmSv tbmPn-n-p--Xp-am-Wv.

\ km-k kZ-kZv `nm-`nw \ tNm `bw

\ k`mwKw \ \n`mKw \ Nm]yp-`-b-cq-]Iw {_mss-IXz hnm\w tlybw anYym XzIm-c-WmXv
kXv, Ak-Xv, `nw, A`n-w, D`-bm--Iw, k`m-Kw,
\n`m-Kw, DZ-b-kz-cq]w CsXm-p-a Ahn-Zy-bpsS kzcq]w. AXns kzcq]w khYm A\nh-N-\o-b-am-W v.
A\nh-N-\ob {_- ns BssI XXz- m\w DmIm-Xn-cn-p Imew AhnZy \ne-\npw Fm {_kz-cq-]-m-\w e`n-m CsXmw ssIhn-tS--XmWv
Fpw t_m[y-am-Ipw. Fs- m AsXmw anYy-bm-Ipp.

4. ]-] mXv {_tWm \ In\ XNp-j v] m-Zhnt\m APoh {_-W--Xzm-cn- m\m\n \m`n-l-rZ-b-IWvT aq[kp Pm{KXv kz]v \kp-j p]vX n Xpco-b m-h mx Bl-h - \ ob Kml]Xy ZnW k`ym- n- j p. PmK- c otX {_mkz]v t \ hnjv W p; kpjp]v X u cp{Z- k v X p- c ob
acw Nn-bw. Xkvam--Xp-c-hm NXp-cm-Kp-et- h-\ -anh j-hXn XXzm\n Xp-hZv hn`-P y-X -ZmlnXw {XnKp-Wo-IrXym Zzm{Xow i-Xz-\n-jvjam- ] mZy
m\ - ] qX w
{X nKp- W - k z- c q] w
{XnaqnXzw ]rYIv hnm\ \h {_m-Jy-\h-Kp-tWm-t]Xw mXzm \h-am-\-an-Xkv{Xn KpWo-

IrXy kptcy- z- n-I-e m-k z-cq-]-tXz-s s\Io IrXym

`ytc XXz-a]n at[y {Xncm-hrXym {_-hn-jvWpa-tl-iz-cXzw a\kn kmb BZy--ta-Io-IrXy
NnZv{K-m-h-ssZz-X-{Knw IrXzm-\m-`yZn {_-_ne-{]-am-Ww. ]rYIv ]rYIv k]vXh
- nw-iXn X]m-kw_w {XnKptWm t]Xw {Xnaqn e-We
- -nX-a-t]y-I-Xzam D]m-Zy-hm-amw-km-ZmZn Znn-W-I-Syw
hn`mhy A`y--{K-l-kt- -f-\t- aIw mXzm aqetaIw kXyw arabw hnmXw kymZzm-N m-cw`Ww hnImtcm \ma-t[bw arn-tI-tXyh kXyw
lw tkXn h- Z ztb \mx intJm- ] - h oXzw
\nnXy {_-WXzw {_-[ym-\mlXzw bXn Xz
aen Xmx intJm ] hoXn-Xz-tahw _ln enXmx intJm-]-ho-Xn-Xz-tahw _ln en-Xmx
intJm-]-ho-Xn-Xz-tahw _ln enX I-inJm
mt\m-]-hoXw Krl-m-kym-`mk {_m-Xzky
tIi-k-aq-l -i nJm {]Xy Im-k-X-p-IrtXm
]oXXzw NXp KpWo-IrXy NXphnw-i Xn XXzm]mZu Xp IrXzw \h-X-Xz-ta-I-tah ]cw {_
XXv {]Xn-kc tbmKy-XzmXv _lp-am-{]-h r-nw,
Iev]-b-n. kthjmw {_m-Zo\mw tZhjoWmw
a\p-jymWmw aqn tcIm. {_ss-I-ta-h. {_W-X z-ta-I-ta-h. hm-{i-anWm taI-tah hZ-n.
lwkx, inJm, {]W-h, ap]-\ o-X w, \mZx, km\w, Gj [tm t\Xtcm [x XXv IY-a nXn
{]W-h -l wtkm \mZ-k v{Xn-h rXv kq{Xw kzlrZn
ssNXt\y XnjvTXn {Xnhn[w {_ XZv hrn {]m]n-I-in-tJm-t]Xw XytP-Xv.

]-]m-Z-{_--n\v Xn \npw hyXy-kX

v -ambn
Ahn-Zym-cq-]-aptm Ctbm F kwibw Am-\-mWv. hrn, kan cq]-ambn NXpjv]m ZmK-X-ambn
Dn \ne-sIm-p Pohn-cq-]n-bmb {_s {]m]nm \mev m\--fp-v. \m`n, lrZ-bw, IWvTw, incv, AXns\ {]m]n-m Pm{K-v, kz]v\w, kpjp]vXn
Xpcobw Fo \me-h--If
- p-ap-v. Bl-h\
- obw Kml]Xyw ZnWw k`yw Fo An-I-fn bYm-tbmKyw
Bm-hns\ `mh\ sN-Ww. Pm{K-Z-h- -bn {_mhpw
kz]v\-n hnjvWphpw kpjp-]vXn-bn cp{Z\pw Xpcob-n A-chpw Ahn-\m-in-bmb Nn{Zp-]-{_-hpw
Bbn-cn--Ww. eyw. k\ymkn {_-a-ba
- mb btm
]ho-Xhpw [cn- m-dp-v. {_s {]m]n-m \mep Ah-I ]cn-K-Wn-- s-n-cn- p-p. AXv \mep hnc-ep-I-fpsS
th-\a
- m-W.v AXn sXmq-mdp XXz- AS-n-bn-cnp-p. AXv aqmbn hn`-Pnv apn cp XXz--epsS
k\n-jI
v j amb cq]w km-Znv m\-m hnip-amb {XnKpW kz`m- h-tmSp IqSn-b-Xm-sWp a\-n-emn
kqcy, N{, An Fo Iem-cq-]-hp-ambn GIo-`-hnv
{_m-hnjvWp atl-iz-c-msc A\p-k-m\w sNbvXp.

574

I \m`n apX {_ _new hsc-bp hn`n---fmb Ccp-]n-tbgp XXz- sf kw_- n- p kmcw {Klnv
GIXzw m]nv CSXp tXm apX hes Ac-sv
{]tZiw hsc CXns\ `mhs\ sNbvXm Nn ipn
e`n-pw.
a]m-{X- ap-am-{X-am-Wv. AXn asmpw Cs-dn-bp--Xp-t]mse {_-\nn-X-amb FmhkvXp-fpw
{_-am-sWv a\-n-em--Ww. lwk-sa {_-ns
Awiw Xs- bmWv Xm Fp a\-n-emn {_m-W- Xzw,
{_ [ym\-tbm-Ky-X-b-XnXzw Ch km[n-mw. Atm
am{Xta a\p-jy bYm-n Ax inJ-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb-h\pw A btm-]-ho-X-[m-cn-bp-am-sWv Icp-X-sSp-Ib
- p-q. ]pdsa ImWp inJbpw ]qWp-\qepw Krl m- { i - a n- I v th - X m- W v . i nJ bpw ]cp n
\qsImp Xo ]qWq-epw {_-W-Xz-ns Asn sshZn-I-Im-\p-jT
v m-\-n-\p tbmKy-X-bpsS Hcp
Nnw am{X- am-W.v

Xq{Xw [mc-tbZv tbmKo

tbmK hnZv {_tWm bXnx

10. {_-kq{Xw XymtPZv hnt{]m

tbmK hnm\ XXv]cx
{_-`m-h-anZw kq{Xw
[mc-tbXv bx kx apn-`mIv
\mip-NnXzw \tNm-nw
Xky kq{Xky [mc-Wm-Xv.

inJ-sbm- sSmw Xe- apSn apdn- p. _mly- b- tm-]-hoXw

Dt]-n- p-Ibpw Ahn-\m-in-bmb ]c- {_--s- s
kq{X-cq-]-n [cn-p-Ibpw sNp-I. \nc-cw tamNn hlnv ]n Pw Hgn-hm-m {ian-p-I. kqN-I-amb-Xp- sIm- mWv kq{X- sa t] knn--Xv. bYm kq{Xm\w knn--h-\mWv apap- p. `np-I\pw kZm- Nm- cnbpw
{_m-W\pw Ah Xs. AJ {_m-s ]c{_w \qen aWn-I t]mse tImn- cn-p-p. B
GXp hn`m-K-m-cp-sS-bm-bmepw apn, {_w {_m- kq{Xw tbmK-\pw bXnbpw {_-W\pw [cn--Ww.
WXzw Fn-h-sbmw H- p-X- s-bm-Wv. hm {iam-Nm-c- _mly- kq- {Xs khYm Dt]-n-p-I. {_ `mh- bp- `n--fm-W.v hm-{i-a-hy-h ]men-p--hc
- psS amb kq{Xs [cn- p- - h apnv A[n-I m-c ncq]w Hp Xs. tamm-[n-Im-cn-bmb bXn-bpsS inJbpw bmbnocp-p. ImcWw B kq{X-n bmsXmcp hn[btm-]-ho-X-ns BZn Imc-W-amb HmwIm-chpw Hp- n-ep Aip-Nn-Xztam Dn--Xztam A]-hn-{X-Xtbm C.
X-s. Ah- cpsS ]c-{_ Xs-bmWv inJ HmwImcw Xs
11. kq{X-a- KXw tbjmw
D]-ho-Xw. Ch cn-s\bpw kwtbm-Pn-n-p-Xv \mZw.
m\ bPvtVm-]-ho-Xn\mw
m\n kza-ln-a-bm B- n-X- \mbn ssNX\y kzcqtb Xp kq{X-hntZm temtI
]-amb lrZ-b- n hkn- p- p. B-kz-c q-] -\mbn
kXys Adn-b-W-sa-m-{K-ln-p-p-sh-n B-X- XztX N btm]hoXn \x
n \nv `n-ambn Hpw ImWm B{K-ln-p-n-s12. m\ ]qmx m\-\njvTmx
n Ah I- a-bhpw {]m]-n-I-hp-amb inJ-sbbpw
m\ btm-]-ho-X n\x
btm-]-ho-X-sbpw ]cn-Xy-Pn-t--Xp-v.

6. k inJw hN\w IrXzm

_lnx kq{Xw XytPXv _p[x
b Zcw ]cw {_
XXv kq{X-anXn [mc-tbXv
7. ]p\P--\n-h r-Xzw
tamN--kym-l \niw kvatcXv
kqN-\m- q{X anXypw
kq{Xw \ma ]cw ]Zw
8. aXv kq{Xw hnZnXw tb\
k apap-px k `npIx
k thZ-hnXv kZm-Nmcx
k hn{]x ]wn ]mh\x
9. tb\ kh anZw t{]mXw
kqt{X aWn KWm Ch

m\-tah ]cw tXjmw

]hn{Xw m\-an-coXw
13. At cnh inJm \m\ym
Xky m\-abo inJm
k inJo-Xyp-NyptX hnZzm
t\Xtc tIi [mcnWx
14. I-Wy-[n-IrXm tb Xp
sshZntI euIntI ]nhm
{_m-Wm-`m-k-am-t{XW
Poht Ipn-]q-cImx
{hPt \ncbw tX Xp ]p\P-\n P\n
15. hmamw-k-Z ISyw
{_-kq{Xw Xq khyXx
A _ln-cn-hm-Xyw
XXz-Xp ka-\znXw

575

GsXmcp m\-a-b-b-tm- ]-ho-X-[m-cn-bpsS Dn

Cu kq{X-ap-v, Ah-\mWv bYm-n kq{X-m-\ap--h\pw bYm btm-]-ho-X-[m-cnbpw m\-bp-amb inJ-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb m\-\n-jvTpw m\-amIp btm-]-hoXw [cn-p--hpw m\w XsbmWv khhpw. Abm Xs hnZzm\pw inJ-bp--h\pw
ap Xc-n \o Xe-apSn Isp shv Ah inJm[m-cn-b-. sshZn-I-eu-In-I-I--fn apgpInbn-cn-p-h {_-Wm-`m-k-m am{Xw. Ah tIhew DZc ]qcWm-cm- Wv. bYm m\n CSs tXm apX hes
ISn-{]-tZiw hsc B-co-Ihpw bYmXzp-amb m\w
sImv knn ]c-a-X-Xz-am-Ip \qen-\m \nn-X- amb
{_-kq-{Xs \m`n-ap-X {_-c{w hsc bYm-{]-amWw
[cn-t- -Xp-v.

16. \m`ym-Zn-{_--c-{m
{]am-Ww [mc-tbXv kq[o
tY`yp [mcy-anZw kq{Xw
{InbmwKw Xp \nnXw
inJm m\-abo bky
D]-hoXw N Xbw
17. {_mWyw kIew Xky
t\X-tcjmw XpIn-\
CZw-b-tm-] -hoXw
Xp ]c-aw-XXv ]cm-bWw
18. hnZzm btm-]-ho-Xo
kw[m-ct- bXv bx k apn `mIv
_ln-c--tm-]-hoXn

hn{]x k\y-kvXp-alXn
19. GI-b-tm-]-hoXn Xp
ss\h k\ym-k vXp-a-lnXn
20. XkvamXv kh-{]-b-Xvt\\
tamm-t]o `thXv bXnx
_lnx kq{Xw ]cn-XyPy
kzmx kq{Xw Xp [mc-tbXv

_lnx {]] intJm-]-ho-XnXz a\m-Zr-Xy-{]-Wh-lw-k-in-tJm-]-ho-XnXz ah-ew_y tam-km-[\w

Ipcym-Zn-Xyml `K-hm iu\Ix CXyp-]-\n-j-Xv.
Cuhn[w ]c-a-X- Xz-am-Ip Xp-hn-\m \nn--sXpw hnhn[ {Inb-I-fpsS AwK-`q-X-hp-amb Cu kq{Xw [cn-Ww. m\-amb inJbpw m\-a-tbm-]-ho-Xhpw Dh\v Fm hkvXp-fpw {_-am-Wv. asm-p-an-. ]c-a-XXz- kz-cq- ]- amb btm-]-hoXw [cn-p m\n btm]-ho-Xn-bm-bn-o-cp-p. Ah Xs-bmWv tamm-[n-Imcn. B-cn-Ihpw _mly-hp-a m-bp btm-]-ho-Xn-bmbmWv k\ym-k-n-\-[n-Im-cn. tIhew btm- ]-hoXw [cnp--h k\ym-k-n-\-[n-Im-cn-b-, sshcmKyw ssIh-ht\ k\ym-k-n\p A[n-Im-c-ap-q. AXn-\m Hcp bXn
kh {]Im-c- nepw apap-p-hm-bn-cn--Ww. Ah _mlykq- { Xs At]- nv B - c - k q{Xw [cn- - W w.
_mlyhpw {]]--a-bh
- p-amb inJ shSnp btm-]hoXw ssIhn-v, Hmw Imc {_-cq-]n-bmb inJ-sbbpw
btm-] -h o-X -s bpw ssIsm tam-k m-[ \
sNWw Fv iu\-I Acp-fn-sN-bvXp.
]c-{_--]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

]mip-]-X-{_-tm-]-\n-jv

imn- ] mTw
Hmw. `{Zw It`nx irWp-bma tZhmx `{Zw
]ty-a m-`- n bP{Xmx nssc-cw-ssK-kvXpjvT
hmwk kv X \q- ` nhy- t ia tZh- l nXw bpZmbpx
kzkvXnx \x Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \x ]qjm
hniz thZmx kzkvXn \kvXmty AcnjvS t\anx

kzkvXn t\m _rl-kv]-Xn Z[m-Xp. Hmw imnx

imnx imnx
tZh-m- sc, R ImXp- I sImv \Xp tIpam-dm-I-s. Ip-I sImv \Xv ImWp-hm-\n-Sh
- c
- -s.
kpZr-V
- -fmb AwK--fmepw ico-c--fmepw \nsf
kvXpXn-p-sImv tZh-m Rv \n-bn-n-p

576

I Bbpp apgp-h\pw A\p-`-hn-m-\n-S-h-c-s. alm-Ionam-\mb C{ Rv \-\e

- vI-s. kh-\mb
]pjmhv Rv \ \I-s. A{]-Xn-tcm-[y-KX
- n-bmb
Kcp-U Rv \-b-cp-f-s. _rl-kv]Xn Rv
\-b-cp-fs
- . Hmw imnx imnx imnx

]qh- ImWvU w
AY l ssh kzbw-`q {_m {]Pmx krPm
\oXn Ima-Imtam PmbtX Imta-iztcm ssh{i-hWx
ssh{i- h tWm {_-] p{Xm _me- J neyx kzbw
`phw ]cn-]r-Xn PKXmw Im hnZym Im tZhXm
Pm{K-X p-c o-b-t bm-c ky tIm tZthm bm\n Xky
him\n Imemx InbXv {]amWmx Ikym-bm
chn N{-{l-lm-Ztbm `mkt Iky aln-am-KK
- \
k zc q] G X - Z l w t{i mX p - a n- man \ mt\ y m
Pm\mXnXzw {_qln-{_-. kzbw `qcp-h m-N -I rXvkv\P KXmw amXrIm hnZym Zzn{Xn h-kl
- nXm
Zznh-amXm {Xnh klnXm Zznh amXm
{Xnh klnXw NXpam{Xm tImw-Imtcm
aa {]mWm- nIw tZhXm Al- t ah PK- { Xb
sskyIx ]Xnx aa him\n khmWn bpKm-\y-]n.
Atlm-cm-{Xm-Ztbm aXv kwhnXmx Imemx aa
c p ] m- c th k vtX P N { \ {X {K l
tXPmwkn N KKt\m aa {Xnin ambm kzcqt]m. \mt\ym aZ-kvXn. Xtam ambm-tIm cp{Zx
kmXzn-Ia
- m-bm-tIm hnjvWpx cmP-ka
- m-bm-tIm
{_m. C{m-Z-b-kvXm-a-kc
- m-P-km-nIm \ kmXzn
tIm ]n. AtLmcx kh km[m-cW kzcq]x
kzbw `qhmb {_m-hns a\-n Hcn- {]PIsf krjvSn- -W-s a B{K-l-a p- m-b n. AtXmsS
Atlw Ima-\-Isf ]qo-I-cn-p cp{Z- s\bpw ssh{ih-Ws
- \bpw krjvSn-p. Atm ssh{i-h-W\pw {_]p-{X-\mb _meJney\pw {_m-hn-t\mSv tNmZnp: ""PKn hnZy FmWv?'' Pm{K-p-co-bm-h
-bpsS tZh-Xbm-cmWv? B-[o\amWv PmKv? Ime-n\v FmWv
{]amWw? kqcy-N{- m-Zn-{K-l
- BcpsS B-bm
{]Im-in-pp? Cu Imcy- Adn-bm Rv
IuXp-I-ap-v. A-bv-msX ampw CXv \n-b-an. AXp-s Imv AsXmw ]dp Xcp-I . kzbw`q
]dp: ""temI-nse amXr-Im-]-c-amb h-am-e-bmb
amXm-hm-W,v hnZy, AXv lwkw Fp cp-h--tfmSp
IqSn-b-Xp-am-Ip-p. \mep-am-{X-bp HmwImcw Fs {]mWtZ-hX
- -bm-W.v aqp temI-n\pw Htc Hcp \mY Rm
Xs kIe bpK-fpw Fs hi-hn-I-fm-Ip-p.
Fn \npamWv Zn\-cm-{X- XpS-nb Ime-
Dm-b-Xv. kqcyt tXPpw N{-\--{X-{K-lm-Zn-If
- nse
tPymXnpw Fs {]Whw aqp-h--sfbpw IqSnbXp Xs Cu BImiw Fs aqv in imen-bmb

ambm cq]-am-Wv. Rm\-msX Hcn-Spw Hp-an-. cp{Z

Xtam-a-b-\mb ambm-cp-]hpw hnjvWp kXz-Kp-Wa
- -b-\mb
ambm-cq-]hpw {_mhv ctPm-Kp-Wo-b -ambm cq]-hp-am-Wv.
C{m-Zn-tZ-h-m ctPm-Kp- W-Xtam KpW- bp--m- cm-Wv. Ahcn kmXzn-Ic
- m-bn-m-cp-an-. tIhew inh am{X-amWv
kh km[m-cW cq]n.

2. ka-kvXb
- m-Km\mw cp{Zx ]ip-Im-cp-t{Zm-cpt{Zm
bmK- t Zthm hnjv W p- c - Z z- c yptlm- t X- {- t Z-h Xm
b-`pKv am\kw {_-am-tl-izcx {_-am-\kw
lwkx-tkmlw lwkx CXn. X-b-btm \mZm\p- k - m- \ w. X- b - h n- I m- t cm- P ohx ]c- a mm
kzcqt]m lwkx A_-ln--cXn lwkx A
KtXm \hIm- i m- KX kph kzcqt]m
lwkx j-hXn XXz-X
- p-hXv hyw Nnq{Xw
{Xb Nn-b-e- Ww \h-X-Xz-{Xn-cm-hrXw {_hn- j v W p- a - t l- i z- c m- - I - a - n- { X- b - I - t em- t ]Xw
NnXv{Kn _\w AssZz-X-{Knx b-km-[mc-W mwKw _ln-c-Pz-e \w bmwK eW
{_ kzcqt]m lwkx D]-ho-X-e--W-kq-{X-{_-K m-b mx {_w Ke- - W - b pw bkq{Xw XZv {_ kq{Xw b-kq-{X-kw-_ n
{_- b x XXv kzcqt]mw Km\nam- { XmWn
at\m-b- ky lwtkm- b- -k q- {Xw. {]Whw
{_ m - k q{X w {_ - b - - a bw {] W - h mhn lwtkm-{_- -k q{Xw XtZ-h -{ _- -b-abw tam-{Iaw {_-k-ym-{Inbm at\mbmKx kym {Inbm at\m- bm-K ky e- W w.
b- k q-{ X- { ]- W - h - {_- - b {Inbm- bptm
{_mWx {_-Nt- cyW Ncn tZhmx lwk-kq{X-Ncym bx lwk{]W-h-tbm-ct- `Zx
kIe b-fp-sSbpw Imhv ]ip-]-Xn-bmb
`K-hm cp{Z-\m- Ip-p. hnjvWp A[z-cyphpw C{ tlmXmhp-am-Wv. inhs am\v {_-b-t- `m-m- tZhm-cm-Wv. B am\k {_l-a-ns cq]-amWv lwkw.
""lwkw, tkmlw'' F Xa-bXzw knn-p-hm sNs-Sp b-amWv \mZm-\p-k-m\w X-b-Xz-hn-Imcw
Xs Poh. ]c-am kzcq-]-amb Cu lwkw AIpw
]pdpw k-cn-p-p. Dn-se-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw A\h-Im-i-m-\v Cu lwkw kz-cq-]-am-Ip-p. Cuizc sXmq-mdv XXz--fpsS cq]-n hy-am-Ip
Nnns {Xnkq-{X--fm H]-Xp-X
- p-t- fmSv aqn-cn-bm-bXpw {_-hn-jvWp-at- l-iz-c-cq-]n-bmb An-{X-b-bp-bmb NnXv {Kn-bp-ambn _-s AssZzX {Knbp--amb b-ns km[m-c-Wa
- mb AwK-cq-]-n
AIpw ]pdpw {]Im-i n- p btm-] -h oXw
lwkw Xs.
Cs\ D]-hoX kq{Xw {_-b--cq-]-am-W.v AXmbXv btm-] -h oXw {_ns {]Xo-I -am-I p-p.

577

I btm-]-hoXw {_-b-hpw Hv asm-ns kzcq]-hp-am-Wv. AXns AwKw am{X-amWv btm-]-hoXw

Cu at\m-b-b--ns lwk-amWv {_-b bpamb {]W-hhpw {_-kq{Xw Xs. {]W-hm-hnbmb lwkhpw {_- kq-{X- am-Wv. Cu {_- bw tamkm-[-\-am- Ip- p. {_-k-y-am-\-knI b- ns eW-amWv b- kq{Xw {]Whpw {_- bw Fn-h-bpsS
{Inb-I-tfmSp IqSnbh\mWv {_m-W. tZh-m {_N-cy-n hkn-p-p. lwkhpw {]W-hhpw Hm-Wv.

lwkky {]m-\mkv{X Imemx {XnImem

kv{Xn hmx t{XXm-y-\p-k-mt\m bmKx-t{XXm- ym- - I rXn h HmwImc; lwkm- \ p- k mt\m bmKx Nnz-cq-]h
-
- -bw Xpco-bkz-c q]w A-cm-ZntXy tPymXn kzcq-t]m-l wkx
bXv mKw {_-k
- nx {_-{]-hru XXv
{]Wh lwk-k q- t{XssW h [ym\ amN-c - n.
t{]mhmN ]p\x kzbw `qhw {]Xn-Pm-\otX {_]pt{Xm Ejn _me-Jneymx lwk-kq-{XmWn IXnkw-Jym\n InbZv hm {]amWw lrZym-Zn-Xy-a-co-Nn\mw
] Z w j - h X nx N nX v k q{X {L mW ntbmx
kz\nXm {]W-hm-[mcm jUw Kpe Zim-ioXnx
hma-_m-lp ZnW ItSym-c-
- -cXn lwkx ]camm {_ Kply {]Imtcm \m\y{X hnZnXx
Pm\n tX arX ^eImx kh-Imew lwkw \
{]Im-iIw {]W-h-lw-km-[ym\ {]IrXnw hn\m
\ apn.
aqp ka-b- - fn- emWv lwk-ns {]m\ thXv. aqp Ime-nepw aqp h-am-Wp--X.v Cu bw
An-{X-b-m-emWv sNt--Xv. aqv An-I, Bmhns BIr-Xn, h-bp--amb Hmm-c-am-Ip lwkw
Ch-sb-n Nnn-p-I. B-cnI b-am-Ip-p. Nn{Zq]-hp-amb X-bo-`-hn-p-Xv Xpcob kzcq-]a
- m-Wv. AIp BZn-Xy-\n lwk-ns tPymXn-kz-cq-]-am-Wp-Xv. b-ns Cu AwKw Xs-bmWv {_k
v. AXp-sImv {_s {]m]n-p--h {]W-ham-Ip lwks km[\ sNt-X
- p-v.
{_-]p-{X-\mb _me-Jn-ey hopw kzbw `qhnt\mSv tNmZn-p. ""lwk kq{X--fpsS kwJy F{X-bmWv?
AXns {]am-W- F{X-bmWv? Abvv Fmw Adnbm-a-tm. Zb-hp-sNbvXv ]d-p- X-c-Ww.'' AXp-tIv kzbw`q
]dp: ""lrZ-bm-Zn-Xys Inc-W- sXmqn BdmWv. Nnq-{X-{Lm-W-n kzc-k-lnXw \nK-fn-p
{]W-h[
- m-cbvv sXmqn Bdv AwKp-e-am-Wv. CSs
`pP- n-\-Spv ISn- {]-tZ-i-ns he-Xp-`m- Kv a[y-n
]c-am-m-hmb lwkw \nh-kn-p-p. Fm \nKq-Vamb Cu hnj-b-s-n Bpw Adn-p-Iq-Sm. AarXXzw e`n--hp-am-{Xta kIe ka-bhpw {]Im-ia
- m-\am-bn-cn-p lwks Adn-bm-\m-hq. {]W-ha
- m-Ip

lwks Bcn-Ia
- mbn [ym\n-msX tamw \nnp-I-bn-.

\h-kq-{Xm ]cn-Nn-Xm tXy ]nbZv {_N-c-n. A-cm-Zn-tXy\ m\w a\p-jym-Wmw. PKZm-ZntXym tcmNX CXn mXzm tXaXymx hn_p[m-kvX]
- \
- {- ]m-\m-bp BN-cn hmP-t]bx
A[zcypx ]ip-lm Ct{m-tZ-h Xm Alnwkm
[ bmKx ]c-a-lwkx A[zmcyx ]c-am--tZ-hXm
]ip-]Xn {_tm] \nj-i-tZm-{_- . kzmym-bbpm {_m-Wm--c
- n. Ai-A-h-ta[m alm-b - I Y m X {Z m m {_ - N - c y - a m- N - c - n.
Aizta[m alm-b-I
- Ym b{Zmm {_-Nc
- yam-N-c
- n. kthjmw ]qthm {_-b-{Iaw
apn- {I-a -a n- X n. {_-] p{Xx tlmhmN DZntXm
lwk Ejnx kzbw `qkvXn tcmZ-t[. cpt{Zm {_tm]-\ n-jtZm lwk-tPymXn ]ip-]Xnx {]W-hk
- vXmcIx k Ghw thZx
h-bp-a
- mb H]Xp \qep-I-fp btm-]hoXw [cn-p--h\pw {_-sap Icp-Xn-s AXns\
D]m-kn-p-p. Fm Ahv A-cm-Zn-Xy-{_--s-n-bp m\-an-. kqcy temI-n\v {]Imiw sImSppp Fp a\-n-emn Ah ip-amb _pnpw
m\-n-\p-ambn AXns\ {]mn-p-p. hmP-t]b
bw ]ip-]Xn cq]-am-Wv. AXns tZhX C{-\m-Ipp. Alnwk ]men-pI Hcp alm-bw Xs. CXn
]c-al
- wkw F A[z-cyphpw ]c-am-mhv tZh-X-bp-amWv. thZ--fnepw D]-\n-j
- p-I-fnepw {]Xn-]m-Zn--s-np Cu {_-ss-bmWv kzmym-b-bp-c
- mb
{_-m-\n-I Bcm-[n-p-X
- v. Cu alm-b-s
- -n-bp m\w Xs-bmWv Aiz-ta-[-b-w. CXns\
B{i-bnp am{Xta Chv {_-m\w BN-cn-m
km[n-q. apv kqNn-n Fm {_-b-hpw apn
\Im t]m-Xm-Wv. {_-]p-{X hopw ]dp:
""F\nv lwk hnj-b-I-amb m\w e`npIgnp''
CXp-tIv kzbw`q A{]-Xy--\m-bn. D]-\n-j-p--fn
]d-bp lwk-tPym-Xnp Xs-bmWv cp{Z. kwkm-cn \npw Dmcw e`n-m-\p {]Whw Xs-bmWv
]ip-]X
- n-sbv ]d-bmw.

D-c-I mWvU w
- m-en-Im-h {_-tIme {]tNm-ZnXx
1. lwkm-a
]c-amm ]pam-\n-X n-{_--k-
- n-Im-c nWn
2. B[ymt {_ Iev]k
- y-B-IrXnx IoZrko
IYw-{_-
m\ {]`m-k-ym-Imtem KXn
[oaXmw lwkmtJym tZh-am-m-Jy-am-X
- Xz {]PxIYw

578

I 3. Ax-{]-W-h\- m-Zm-tJym-lwkx {]Xyb t_m[Ix

A KX-{]am KqVw m\-\mfw hncm-PnXw
4. inh-i-ym-Iw cq]-Nn-b
- m-\ thZnXw
\mZ _np-Iem {XoWn-t\{Xw hniz-hn-tN-jvSn-Xw.
5. {Xnbw-K m\n inJm {XoWn Zzn{XmWmw kmwJy
amIrXnx
AKp-V-{]am lwkx {]am-Wm-nKXw _lnx
h-{_w lwk-ns P]w Xs-bm-W.v ]c-ammhpw ]pcp- j\pw CXp-X-s. B-m-\-m {_Xp-ey-\m-bn-p--hs
- \-n Fp-]-db
- m-\mWv? m\n-I
Ah-cpsS kabw {_-N-bnepw D]m-k-\-bnepw sNeh-gn-p-p. lwk-hpw Bmhpw Hm-sWv m]n-s-- Xn- \p- tijw {]P FhnsS? B-cnI {]W-h-\m- Z-m
Adn-b-s-Sp lwkw Xs-bmWv Fm m\hpw
\Ip-X
- v. B-cn-Im-\p-`q-Xn-bm _mly-m\w e`np-p. inh-in cq]-nepw Nn-bm-\--s\dnb-sSp-Xpw AXp-Xs \mZw, _np, Ie Fo aqp
t\{Xfm-emWv PKv tNjvS-bm-bp--ambn cnp--Xv.
aqv AwK-f
- m-epw, aqp inJ-I-fmepw ctm aqtm
am{X-I-fmepw AXns BIrXn hy-am-Ip-p. Cs\
Am\w knn-p-tm \nKq-V-amb Cu Bm-\hpw _mly-cq-]-nepw e`y-am-Ipw.

6. {_-kq-{X-]Z- w-tbw {_w hn[yp eWw-l w- k m {]W-h -[ ym-\ - -a n-X yp- t- m\

kmKtc
7. GX Zznm\ amt{XW m\-km-Kc ]mcKx
kzXx-inhx ]ip-]X
- nx-kmo khky khZm
8. kthjmw Xp a\-kvtX-\-t{]-cnXw \nb-ta\ Xp
hnjtb K-Xn. {]mW-t-jvS-btX hmKzZ Xy]n
9. Npx-]i
- yXn cq]m-Wn-t{im{Xw khw irtWmXy]n A\ym\n Jm\n khmWn tXss\h t{]cnXm\n Xp
10. kzw kzw hnj-b-ap-n-iy-{]-ht \nc-cw
{]h-IXzw Nm]y-ky-am-bbm X kz`m-hXx
PKXv kq{X-cq-]- amb {_-m\w t\Sp- Ibpw lwkcq- ] n-b mb kqcys\ {]W- h - ] qw [ym\n- p-I bpw
sNWw Fv m\n-I D]- tZ-in-p-p. C-s\- bp
m\ km-Z-\-m m\ kmK-c-ns adp-I-c-bnse-m km[n-pw. kzbw inh\pw ]ip-]-Xnbpw XsbmWv khZm kmn-cq-]-n tim`np--Xv. inh
kI-e-cp-sSbpw a\-ns\ t{]cn-n-p-Ibpw \nb-{n-pIbpw sNp-p. At-l
- ns {]`m-h-m a\v hnjb--fn-tev t]mIp-p. {]mW {]hn-p-p. hmWn

D-cn-p t\{X- ImWp-Xpw sNhn-I tIpXpw A\y--fmb kth-{n-b-fpw X-fpsS I-fn hym]-cn-p-Xpw Fmw amb-bpsS ^e-am-bn-Wv
m- .

11. t{im{X am\n Nm[ykvXw kzbw ]ip-]Xnx

]pam A\p-{]-hnky t{im{Xky ZZmXn t{im{X
Nmw inhx
12. a\x-km-\n Nm[y-kvXw-{]-hniy ]c-ta-izcx
a\kvXzw Xky k-tm-b-ZZ- mXn \b-ta\ Xp
13. k Gh hnZn-Xm-Z\y kvXssYhm hnZnXm Z]n
At\y-jm-an-{n-bmWmw Xp Iev]n-Xm-\m-a]oizcx
X-{Zp-]-a-\p-{]m]y ZZmXo \nb-ta\ Xp XX
p-hmIv ssNh-a-\-m-\ym-\n-Jm\n N
15. \ KXn kzbw tPymXn kz`mth ]c-am-\o
AIr-hn-jb {]Xy-Iv{]-Imiw kzm
ss\h Xp
16. hn\m-X {]am-Wm-`ymw-{_ tbm
thZ thZkx
{]Xyp-Kmm ]cw tPymXnambm km Xp al-ax
t{im{Xw Bm-hns\ B{i-bn-p- p. ]ip-] Xn
XsbmWv t{im{X- n {]th-inv AXn\p {ih-W-in
\Ip--Xv. a\pw Bm-hn A[y-kvXa
- m-Wv. Cuizc AXn {]th-inv AvhnsS \nesImv AXns\ \nb{nv a\kvXzw \Ip-p. CtX-{]-Imcw B Cui
Xs-bmWv kIe C{n-b--sfbpw {]hn-n-p--X.v
Fm Bfp-I Nnn-p--Xn \npw Atlw `n\m-Wv. Atlw Xs-bmWv kIe C{n-b-pw ZX\p-Iq-e--fmb cq]w sImSp-p-Xpw \nb-{n-p-X
- pw.
AXp-sImv t\{Xw hmWn, a\v XpS-nb Fm C{nb-pw ]c-am-m-hns kzbw tPymXn cq]s {]m]nm km[y-a-. ]c-am-mhv Ax-I-cW
- -hn-jb
- --fn
\nsmw `n-\m-sWpw AXp-sImv Xhpw {]amWhpw IqSmsX AXns\ Xs Bm-hn Adn-bm {ian-Ws
- apw a\-n-em-p-h
- \v ]c-am m\w e`npw. Cu Bmhp Xs-bmWv ]ca {]Im-ik
- z-cq-]w.
amb-bm-Is tLmc-amb Xtam-cq-]a
- m-W.v

17. XYm-kXn IXw amb-kw-`hx {]Xy-Km-\n

XkvamXv X-{]-am-Wm-`yw-kzm-\n-`qXym
NNnZv Lt\
18. kz {]Im-ssk-Ikw knt-\mkvXn ambm
]cm-\n
hymh-lm-cnI ZpjvtSy-bw-hnZym hnZym \ Nm\yYm
19. Xz ZrjvSym Xp \mkvtXy hX-z-tahm kvXn
tIhew hymh-lm-cnI ZrjvSnkvXp {]Imim
hy`n-Nm-cXx

579

I 20. {]Imi Gh-k-XXw Xkvam-Z-ssZzX Gh

ln AssZz-X-anXn tNmn {]Im-km-\y-`n-Nm-cXx
AXp \nanw {]Xym-Km-mhpw ambbpw GIo-`-hnp-I-sb-Xv Hcp hn[-nepw kw`-hy-a-. AXp t]mse
ssNX\y cq]nbpw kzbw {]Im-ih
- p-amb ]c-am-m-hn
amb C FXv Xw \p`q- Xn-{]-amWw Ch-bm t_m[yam-Ipw. hnZy-bp-sSbpw Ahn-Zy-bp-sSbpw hnj-b- hymhlm-cn-I-am-Wv. Ahbvv ]c-am-m-hp-ambn bmsXmcp kw_-hp-an-. XXz-ZrjvSym Ch-sbmw anYy-bm-Wv. tIhew
Hp am{Xta kXy-am-bn-p-q. Fmw AssZzXw Xs-bmsWpw AssZz-Xhpw At`-Z-am-sWpw a\-n-em-p-I.

21. {]Imi Gh kXXw Xkvam au\w

ln bpPytX
Ab-atm almbky kzb-tah {]Im-inXx
22. \ kPothm \ N {_\ Nm\y-Z]n In\
\ Xky hm hnZy-t-\m-{i-am XssYh N
23. \ Xky [tm [m \ \ntjt[m
hn[n \ NbZm {_m-Iw khw-hn-`mXn
XX Gh Xp
24. XZm ZpxJmZn t`tZm bam`mtkm ]n
\`m-k-tX.
PK-o-hmZn cqt]-W-]i
- y-]n ]cm--hnXv
25. \ XXv ]iyXn Nn{Zq-]w-{_-h
- k
- vtXzh ]iyXn
[-[mnXz hmm Nt`Z kXn ln`n-Zy-tX.
Cs\ Fmw Htc Hcp {]Imiw am{Xw AXn-s\n Gsd ]d-bp--Xn-s\-m au\-amWv t{ijvTw. Cu
al- mb m\w kzbw knn- -h Poh-cp-] tam
{_tam at-sX- n-eptam A, Ah\v h- tfm [m[-tfm hn[n \ntj-[-tfm C. khw {_-ambn
ImW-s-Sp-tm ZpxJmZn-I-sfmpw A\p-`-h-s-Sp-I-bn-.
Cs\ ]c-a{- _-
m\w knn-h
- tIhew Nn{Zq-]amb {_-s tb ImWp-I-b p- q. [- n-s bpw
[mn-I-Xz-n-sbpw hnj-bt- `-Z-ap-s-nepw AXv `nam-Ip-p.

26. t`Zm-t`-Z-kvXYm t`Zm-t`-Zx-km-mXv ]cm-\x

\mkv Xn-kzm- m-Xn-tc-tI-W -kz-bta
hmkvXn khZm
27. {_ssh hnZytX kmm-Xvh-kvXptXm
hkvXptX ]nN
XssYh {_ hnm\o In KrlvWmXn
Plm-XnInw

28. A[n-jvTm-\-a-\u-]-ay-a-hm-Mva-\k
- t- Km-Ncw
b-Z-t{Z-iy-a -{Km-ly-A-cq]w tKm{X-hPnXw

29. AN-px-t{im-{X-a-Xyw XZ-]mWn ]Zw XY

\nXyw hn`pw kh-KXw kpkqvaw N X Zhybw
30. {_ss-th-Za
- -a-hr-XXv ]pc-kvXmXv {_m-\w
]caw ssNh-]-m-Xv. {_m-\w ]caw ZntW
N {_m-\w ]caw tNm-tc-N.

Fpw hncm-Pn-p-Xv Htc Hcp ]c-am-mhv am{Xam- W.v ap Fm t`Zhpw t`Zm- t`Z- fpw Ah- \n Xs
hym]n-n-cn-p-p. hkvXp-hmbpw Ah-kvXp-hmbpw Fsm-aptm AsXmw {_w Xs. Cu nXn-bn
{_-m-\n-bmb Hcp-hs\ Fns\ {Kln-m-\tam
XyPn-mt\m Ignbpw? D]- am-c-ln-X\pw hmn\pw a\-n\pw
AtKm-N-c\pw AZr-iy\pw A{Km-ly\pw AtKm-{X\pw Acq]\pw Aar-Xyphpw t\{X t{im{X ]mWn, ]mZ-cl
- n-X\
- pw,
Ahy-b-\p-amb B {_w Xs-bmWv kh-n\pw A[njvTm-\w. Ahs apnepw ]nnepw t{ijvT-amb {_m\w Xs. CSpw hepw B {_m-\w Xs.

31. kzm-t\yh kzbw khw kZm-]-iyXn \n`bx

XZm-aptm \ ap--_-s
- skyh hnap-Xm
32. Ghw cq]m ]cm-hn-Zym-k-tXy\ X]-kmNn N
{_-Nc
- ym-Zn-`n[sx e`ym-th-Zm h\m
33. kzi-cotc kzbw tPymXn kzcq]w
]c-a mnImx
oW-tZmjm {]]-iy-n-t\-Xtc ambbm hrXmx
34. Ghw kzcq-]h
- n-m-\w-bky
IkymkvXn tbmKn\x
Ip{X-NnXv Ka\w \mkvXn Xky kq cq]nWx
35. BImi taIw kqw Ip{X Nnln KXn
XZv {_m-h
- nXv t{ijvTx Ip{X Nnssh
K-Xn.
C{]-Im-c-ap km[-I Fm-h-scbpw Fpw Xs
Bm-hns Dn Xs ImWp-p. Cu `mh-\m-ap\mb m\n am{X-a
- , Am-\nbpw ap-\m-Ipp. Cu ]cm-hnZy kXyw X]-v, {_-Ncyw Fn-hbm thZm--amw aptJ\ knn-p-p. ipmx IcW-mcpw oW-tZm-jam-cp-am-bn-p--hp am{Xta ]cam- m-hns\ ImWm km[n-q. amb-bn IpSp- n-b-hv
km[y-a-. Cs\ Xs kzcq-]-a-dnp ]q-Xt- \-Snb
tbmKnv P\-\-a-cW
-
- -fn-. kh-hym-]nv Ftmpw
t]mtI--Xn-t- m. AXp-t]mse kzbw {_-ambn IcpXn-bn-p--h\v Hcn-Spw htc-X
- n-. t]mtI--Xp-an-.

36. A`-yky \nhr-Xym-Xp-hn-ipw

lrZbw `thXv
Blmc ipu Nn-ky-hn-ip-n `hXn kzXx

580

I 37.

Nn-i p-u-{I-amXv m\m-{Xp-`yn

{Kbx kv^pSw
A`yw {_l-a-h n- m-\-hn-lo\
sskyh tZln\x
38. kay-Ivm-\n-\-kvXZ- zm-Xvkz-cq]w kIew Jep
Al-aw kZm-m-Z-CXn ln {_ thZ\w
39. {_-hnZv {KkXn m\m-Xvkhw {_m
ss\h Xp {_--{Xm-ZnIw khw
kymkytZmZ\w kZm

40. btkym]m-tk-N\w arXypx-kvXw-m\n

XmZrix Jep
{_-kz-cq] hnm-\m-XvP-KXv t`mPyw
`thXv Jep
Blm-c-n A`-y-am-bn-p-Xv ssIsh-Sn-m
a\v ip-am-bn-o-cp-p. Blm-c-ipn Nn ipnv
Imc-W-am-W.v Nnw ip-am-bm m\w e`n-pw. {_m-\-lo-\t `ym-`-ym-hn-Nmcw thq. ImcWw
kay-Ivm-\n-bpsS kzcq]w Am-\n-sb-tmse t`Zm-\-bp-a
-
- . `n-p--h Rm\mWv; `yhpw
Rm\m-W,v Fv m\n--dn-bmw. Fm {_-m\n
khw {_-a-b-ambn ImWp-p. AXp-sImv {_m-W-{Xn-bmZn `mh\ Xs Ahs t`mP-\-am-bn-o-cp-p.
arXyp-hns\ Blm-c-am-bn--cp-Xp {_- As\-Xs Bbn-o-cp-p. Cu ka-kvX-P-Kpw Ah\v
t`mP-\a
- m- W.v

41. PK-Zm-X
- bm `mXn bZm-t`mPyw `th-Zm
{_-kzm-X
- bm \nXyw `nXw kIew XZm
42. bZm-`m-tk\ cqt]-W-PK
- Zv t`mPyw `th-XX
- Xv
am\Xx kzm\m `mXw `nXw `hXn {[phw

43. kzkz-cq]w kzbw `pMvt \mkvXn

t`mPyw ]rYIv kzXx
AkvXn tNmZ-kvanXm cq]w {_ss
hmkvXnXz e-Ww
44. AkvXnXm eWm km-km
{_ \ Nm]c
\mkvXn km-Xntc tIW-\mkvXn ambm
N hkvXpXx
45. tbmKn\m am-\n-jvSm-\mw-ambm
kzm\n Iev]nXw
kmn kv]Xbm `mXn {_-m-t\-\_
- m-[nX
46. {_-hn-m\ kx {]Xo-Xa
- -Jew PKZv
]iy ]nkZm ss\h-]-iyXn kzm\x
]rYIv CXyp-]-\n-j-v.

B-cq-]-n PK-ns\ A\p-`-hn-ptm AXv

t`mPy-am-bn-o-cp-p. B-cq-]-n {_w Ftmgpw
`n- p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Bcp-sS B`m-k-am-{X-am-bm Cu
PKv t`mPy-am-bn-o-cp-p; Ftm Cu B-cq]w
hnZn-X-am-Ip-p, Atm kI-eXpw {_-m `n-s-Sp-p. Cs\ {_w kzkz-cq-]-s-s `np-p. Fs-m `mPy ]Zmw AXn\npw `na-. AXp-t]mse AXv AkvXn-Xz-cq-]-am-sW-nepw {_w
Xs. {_-an-msX Hn\pw AkvXn-Xz-an-. k-bpsS
eWw AkvXn-Xz-am-Wv. k {_-n \npw `a-. {_-a-msX asmcp k-bn-. amb-bn\nv Hcp
bYm hkvXphpw Dm-Ip-n-. tbmKn-I X-fpsS
Bm-hns\bmWv amb-bmbn k-ev]n- p--Xv. {_-m\-_m-[n-Xa
- mbn AXv Ahv kmn-cq-]-n `mknp-p. Cs\ {_-m-\m-\p-`qXn ssIh m\n
Hcp ]t PK-ns\ Xs apn Imepw AXns\
Xn \nv hn`n-a
- mbn Nnn-p-n-.
]mip- ]X
- {- _-tm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

Q
1

{]W-thm-]-\n-jv

Hmw kl-\m-h-hXp kl\u

`p\p kl-hocyw Ic-hm-hssl
tXP-kzn-\m-h-[o-X-akvXp am hnZzn

jm hssl Hmw imnx imnx imnx

]c-{_w R cp t]scbpw cn-p-am-dm-Is. Rsf ]cn-]m-en-s
- , R Hcp-anv Ign-hp-I

581

I t\StW, R-fpsS A[y-b\w tXP-kzn-bm-ItW. R

At\ym\yw hntZzjw ]pe
imnx imnx imnx

m-Xn-cn--tW. Hmw

1. ]pc-kvXmXv {_-W-kvXky
hnjvt Wm-c -Zv`p-X -IWx
clkyw {_ hnZymbmx
LrXmnw kw{]-N
- tX
2. Hman-tXy-Im-cw {_
bZpw {_-hm-Zn`nx
icocw Xky hyman
m\w Ime-{Xbw XYm
3. X{X tZhm-kv{Xbx t{]mm
temIm thZm-kv{X-tbm-bx
Xnt{km am{Xm-am{Xm N
{]Xy-ky inhky XXv
4. EtKztZm Kml-]Xyw N
]rYnho {_ Gh N
AIm-cky icocw Xp
hymJymXw {_ hmZn`nx

6. kma-thZw, kzw, Bl-h-\o-bm-n, ]c-ta-iz-c, ChcpsS kzcq]w aIm-c-n AS-p-p.

7. kqcy-a-WvU-e-am-`mXn
lyIm-c-{ a[yKx
DIm-{ km-i
kvXky at[y hyh-nXx
8. aIm-c
- mn kmtim
hn[qtXm hnZyp-tXm-]aw
Xnt{km am{Xm-kvXY
- m-tbm
tkma kqcym-n-tX-Pkx
9. inJm N Zo] kmim
bkvanwkvXp ]cn-htX
A-am{Xw XYm-tbm
{]W-h-tkym-]cn nXm
10. \mkmZn kqcy kmiw
kqcyw lnXzm XYm-]cw

5. bp thtZm-c
- ow N
Zn-am-n-kvXs
- sYh N
hnjvWp `K-hm tZhx
DImcx ]cn-IonXzx

11. Zznk-]vXXn kl-{kmWn

\mUn `n kzm Xp aq\n
hcZw kh-`q-Xm\mw
khw hymss]yh XnjvTXn

6. kma-th-Zk
- vX-Ym-Zyu
Bl-h-\o-b-kvXs
- sYh N
Cuizcx ]ctam tZthm
aImcx ]cn-Ion-X.

12. Imwky Lm-\n-\m-Zx-kymXv

bZm en]yXn imtb
Hmm-ckvXp XYm tbmPyx
{ipXtb kh-an--Xn.

1. B A`p-XI
- -\mb hnjvWp-hns\ kw_-n
{_-hn-Zym-]-c-amb clkyw ChnsS ]d-bm XpS-p-p.

13. bkvan k eob-tX-i_vZ

kvXXv ]cw {_ KobtX
tkmarXXzmb Iev]tX
tkmar-X-Xzmb Iev]tX

2. {_-th-Zn-I-fmb m\n-I Hmw F GIm-bn-cs

{_-sav ]d-n-p-.v AXns ico-cw, m\w, Ime{Xbw Ch \ncq-]Ww sN-s-Sp-I-bm-Wv.
3. B Hmm-c-n aqp tZh-m, aqp temIw, aqp
thZ-, aqv An-I Ch Dsmpp-v. AtXmsSmw aqp am{X-Ifpw Hcp A-am-{Xbpw AXn
tNn-cn-p-p. AXv ]c-a-in-hX
- z-ns {]Xo-I-am-Wv.
4. EtKz-Zw, Kml-]X
- ym-n, ]rYn-hn, Cu aqv An Hmm-c - nse BZym- -c-a mb AIm-c - n
Dsm-p-p-shv {_-hm-Zn-I hy-am-n-bn-p-v.
AIm-cD
- -Im-c-a-Im-c
- tNmWv Hmmcw cq]-s-n-p-Xv.

5. bPpth-Zw, BIm-iw, Zn-Wm-n, tZh-t{i-jvT-\mb

`K-hm hnjvWp-hns kzcq]w Ch "D' Imc-n ASp-p.

79. AtXm-sSmw "A' F Acw N{ aWvU-ens kao]w \ne-sIm-p--Xm-Wv. kqcy-a-WvU- e- ns

kzcq-]-hp-am-W.v N{-kz-cq- ]-amb DIm-cw. Cu Hmm-c-ns
a[y-n \ne sImpp. AXp-t]mse An kzcq]hpw (B An-bn ]pIsbXn-) an t]mse
{]Im-in-p--Xp-amb "a' Imcw nXn sNp-p. Ahsb
N{, kqcy, An Cu aqp am{X-I-sfpw a\-nem-p-I. Zo]-in-J-sb-t- ]mse CXnepw inJ-bp-v. AXv
Hmm-c-ns Ah-km-\`- m-K
- p A-am-{X-bm-Wv.
10-11 cm-a-sXv Xmac hfbw t]mse Zriy-am-\-am-Wv.

582

I AXv \mkm-c-{-n \nv tXtPm-ab- -amb kqcy-a-WvUes t`Znv Fgp-]

- o-cm-bncw \mUn-Ip apI-fn
kIe Pohn-Ipw hc-Zm\w \Ip-amdp \ne-sIm-pp. 12. apapp tam-tm-S-Sp-p-tm Hmp-a-Wn-bn
\ns-t- ]mse Hcp i_vZw apg-p-p. Cu Hmm-c-n\v
AXp-t]m-se-sbmcp kzcq-]-am-sWv a\-n-em-p-I. AXv

thZ-kz-cq-]-am-Ip-p. AXv tIm kI-e-cp-am-{K-ln-pp. 13. bmsXm-cp-h\

- n Cu Hmm-c-i_vZw eo\-am-bn-cnp-p. Abmsf {_-sav ]d-bmw. Abm Aar-X-Xz{]m-]X
v n-l-\mWv F Imcy-n kwi-b-n-\-h-Imi-an-.
{]W-thm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

Q
3
{]mWm
nt
lmt
{Xm]
\
nj
v
1
imn-]mTw
Hmw kl-\ m-h -hXp kl \u `p\p kl
hocyw Ic- h m-h ssl tXPkzn \mh-[ o- X - akvX p
amhn-Zzn-j m-hssl
]c-{_w R cp-t]-scbpw cn--s. AXv
R cp-t]cpw Hcp-anv PohnXw aptmp \bn-m-\nS-h-c-s. R Hcp-anv Ign-hp-I t\Sm-\n-S-hc
- -s. RfpsS A[y-b\w tXP-kzn-bm-Is
- . R At\ym\yw
tZzjn-m-\n-S-h-cm-Xn-cn--s.

1. AYmXx kthm-]-\n,-mcw kwkm-c-m-\mXoXw A-kq{Xw imcocw bw hymJym-kymax.

Akvan-t-h-] p-cp-j-i -cotc hn\m-]y- n-tlm-t{XW
hn\m]n kmwJy-tbm-tK-\-k w-k m-c -h n-ap- n `hXoXn tkz\ hn[n\m Aw `Du-WHu \C-n]y
bm Huj[ox tkma cmo-cnXn Xnkr-`n-c--]X
CXn Zzm`ymw A\p-a-{-btX bmx Huj-[bx tkmacm- o_lzox iX-h n-N - Wmx _rl-k v] Xnx
{]kvXmx t\m ap Xzw lwkx

A\-cw kIe D]-\n-j-p-I-fp-sSbpw kmc-`q-Xhpw

kmwkm-cn-I
m-\m-Xo-Xhpw A- kq-{Xhpw Bb imco-cnI-b - -s - n ]d-b p- p. Cu ]pcp-j s icocw
Adnp Ign-m Antlm{X-hn[n Ah-cpsS hn[n-b\p-k-cnv `qan-bn \nn thZn-bn ]-dn tN
Aw \nt-]nv aqe-n kqNn-n aqp a{-
sImpw A-]tX XpS-nb cp a{- sImavSpw
A`n-a-{n--Ww. {ItaW ta]- d ctm aqtm EpI sImv AXm-bXv _rl-k]
v Xn {]kq-X--fmb Huj[n-I \t ]m]-ap--cm-- s. Fw hcp B a{-fm ]qX- am--Ww.

2. bm ^en\ox bm A^em A]pjv]m bm-]pjv]nWox _rl kv]Xn {]kq-XmkvXm t\m ap

Xzw lkx
^e-ap-Xpw ^e-an-m-Xpw ]qhp-Xpw ]q-fn-mXpw _rl-kv]Xn {]kq-X-hp-amb Huj-[n-I \s ]m]ap- -cm-- s.

3.
Pohemw \hm-cnjmw am tX _[v\m-tay-j-[nwbmX Bbp-cp-]-lc
- m-Z] cmwkn ]mX-bmXv
4.

A-]tX Aky t\ln Zzn]-tZ--Xp-jv]tZ

5. bZ--aZv`nx _lp[m hncmw cpss{Zx {]PKv[w

bZn hm -] n-i mssNx khw XZo-i mt\m A`bw
IrtWmXp inh-ao-im-\mb kzmlm
Poh-emw... Fp XpS-nb a{-mepw A-]tX
F a{- mepw A`n-t jIw sN- W w. apI- f n
sImSp Ap a{- sImv ]n- n Pe-m
A`n-tjIw sNpI. a{w sNmn Aw kv]inv heXpssI-bn Pe-sa-Spv a{-]qhw t{]mWw sNp-I.

6. A- -c kn `qtXjp Kplmbmw hniztXm

apJx Xzw bkvX zw {_m Xzw cp{Z kvX zw
hnjvW pkvX zw hj-S vImc Bt]m tPymXn-c tkm
AarXw {_ `q`phx kphtcmw \ax
kh-hym-]n-bmbn \o Pohn-I-fpsS lrZ-b-K-lz-c-n
nXn sNp-p. \o Xs bw, \o Xs {_m-hv,
\o Xs cp{Z, \o Xs hnjvWp, \o Xs hj-SvImchpw Pehpw tPymXpw ckhpw Aar-Xhpw {_hpw
`q`phx kzx \n\v \a-kvIm-cw.

583

I 7.

B]x ]q\p ]rYnhow ]rYnho ]qXm-] p\mXp amw ]p\p {_- W -k v] - X n{_- -] qXm
]p\mXp amw bZp-n--a-t`mPyw bZzm Zp-cnXw aa
khw ]p\p Xw lymt]m f kXmw N {]Xn
{Klw Aar- X - a - k y- a r- t Xm- ] - k v X - c - W - a - k y- a rXw
{]mtW Pptlm-X y-am-in-jymtm f kn {]mWmb
kzmlm. A]m-\ mb kzmlmw, hym\mb kzmlm
kam-\mb kzmlm, DZm-\mb kzmlm, CXn I\n-jvTnImw-Kpeym AwKp-jvtT\ N {]mtW Pptlm-an, A\man-I bm A]mt\ a[y-abm hymt\\ khm-` n-c pZmt\ {]tZ-in\ym kamt\.

\nv A`bw XcWw F\nv Hcn-epw Ah-bn \nv

`bw Dm-Im-\n-S-bm-I-cp-Xv.

ip--\m--s. {_-`q-X- amb ]rYnhn Fs ]p\o-X-\m-s. Dn-hpw A`-yhpw Zpn-X-hp-am-bn-p Fs

kh-kz- sbpw Pew ]cn- ip-- am--s. Fs ]m]w AIse-bm- - s. Cs\ t{]mWw sNbvXv cp XhW A`ntjIw \Sn CXp ssIsImv thZn sXmv he-Xp-ssI-bnse-Spv Aar-X-a-kvX-Xz-ar-tXm-]-kvX-c-Wa
- kn Fp-c
- nv
AXv ]m\w sNbvXv AarX {]mtW tlmay-am-in-jy-tmkn
Fv ]dv AarX {]mtW tlmay- am-kn-jy-tmkn Fv
]dv AarX Xpeyhpw tlma-tbm-Ky-hp-amb hkvXp \o
Bkz-Zn-n-p-sp IcpXn {]mW-\n BlpXn sNp-I.
{]B-W A]m-\, DZm-\, kam-\, hym\ XpS-nb-h Cu Blp-Xn-Isf {]m]n--s. {_-n Fs
Bmhv Aar-XXzw Bkz-Zn--s.

apJy-amb {]mW, hrn-sbp ka-n-sbp D]m-[nt`-Z-m \o Xs- bmWv hnssiz-iz-\-c \o Xs hnizcq-]s [cn-p-p. {_m-hrX kzcq-]-n \nn
\npw Dm-bn-p hnizw Xpco-bm-n-bn kIe BlpXn-I-tfm-Sp- samw hne-bn-p-p. _mlym-mhv tNm-hn-tij-sf sImv Cuh [ym\n--Ww. Cu ]pcp-j Znhkhpw {]mWmn tlmaw sNp- p. ImcWw ]c- am-m- hmb
\ns kI-ecpw ]p{X-s\-tmse kwc-n-p-p. AXpsImv \o kI-e-cp- sSbpw ]p{X- \m-Wv. \o \ns Cu temImlp-Xn-Isf tlman-p-p. kzw ico-c-n bs
]cn-h\w sNp-p.

cmw Jw

1. hntizm f kn sshizm-\tcm hniz-cq]w Xzbm[m-cytX Pmb-am\w hnizw kzmlp-Xbx khm b{X{_m AartXm f kn alm-\thm Zbw ]pcptjm
tbm AwKp-j vT t{K {]Xn-j vT nXx XaZv`nx {]Xn-jnman tkm f kymt AarXm bmhr- X tbm f
\mhn- tXyjm Ghm- m. [ymbtX f ntlm{Xw
Pqtlm- aoXn kth- j m-t ah kp\n`- h Xn AY
Peta \o ]rYn-hnsb ip-am- p- I. ]cn-ip-- am- -s b-]-cn-hrX Blp Xo tlma-bXn tkzi-cotc
]rYnhn Fs ]cn-ip--\m--s. {_-W-kv]-Xnbpw ]cn- bw ]cn-h-bm-aoXn

sNdp-hn-c X-hn-c Ch-bm {]mW-\nepw tamXnc-hn-c A]m-\-\nepw \Sp-hn-c sImv DZm-\-\ nepw
NqmWn hnc-em kam-\-\nepw BlpXn sNp--Xmbn
k-ev]n--Ww.

8. XqjvWn-ta-Im-taI Ejm PqtlmXn tZz Bl

h\otb GImw Zn-Wmu GImw Km l]tXy
GImw kh-{]m-b - n- ntb AYm- ] n-[ m-\ - aky
arX-Xzm-tbm] kv]riy ]q\-cm-Zmb ]p\-cp-]-kv]rtiXv kthy {]mWm-hmt]m KrloXzm lrZ-b-a-\zme`y Pt]-Xv. {]mtWm f n ]c-amm ]-hm-bp`n-cm-hrXx A`bw kh `qtXt`ymx \ `th-Zlw
IZm-N-t\-X n.
au\n- bmbn Hcp BlpXn {]3-Wmb kzmlm F Ep
sImpw A]m-\mb kzmlm Fv Cu cv Bl-h-\o-bnepw Hv Zn-Wm-n-bnepw Hv Kml-Xym-n-bnepw
Hv kh-{]m-b-n-m-n-bnepw tlman--Ww. Cs\
Av Blp-Xn-Iv tijw \nb-am-\p-kmcw BlpXn
inw `nv AY ]pc-kX
v mZv tlm]-cn-m AZv`nx ]cn-Z[mXn C {ipXn-b-\p-i-cnv A`n-[m\ kzcq]w Aar-X-n\v
kv]inv {Klnv lrZ-b-n-\-Spv ssIshv P]n-p-I.
An apJy-{]m-W Xs-bmWv F\nv {]mWn-I-fn

2. NXzmtcm f bkvtX Inw \ma-t[bmx X{X

kqtcym- n \mw kqcy-a- -em-IrXnx kl {k
civan ]cn-hrXx GIjn`qXzm aq[v\n XnjvTXn
bkva m- Zpx
ico-c-n AXyw kqva--fmb \mev \nhr-Xyn-I- fpv Ah-sbmw A-am-{X- I am{X-am-Wv. Cu \mev
An-Ifnepw kqcymn Fp t]cp kqcy-a--em-IrXn-bn-ep An Gsd tXP-p Bbncw civan-I-tfmSp
IqSnb hym]-I-cq-]t- msS inc-n nXn sNp-p.

3. Zi-\ m- n \ma NXp-cm-I r-X n-cm-l -h-\ otbm

`qXzm aptJ XnjvT-Xn. ico tcm f n \ma Pcm{h-Wp-Zm-l-hn-c-h-kvI-Xn A N{m-IrXn ZmnW-B-L-A\
- -Cd- A
- -R-`qXzm lrZtb XnjvTXn X{X
tImjvTm-n \mam-inXx ]oX-eo-V-Jm-Zn-Xm\n kayKvhyymw {i]-bnXzm Kml-]tXym `qXzm \m`ymw
Xnjv T - X n. {]mb- n- - b - k v X z- [ - k v X m- n- c y- I v
Xnt{km lnamwipx {]`m`nx {]P-\-\-Im
Pohm-mhv kh--\mb Cuiz-cs cq]-n
ImW-s- Sp-p. Am-c- W-m AXns\ Zi-\mn Fv
]d-bp-p. AXv _oPw hncmSv apX-emb \mev BIr-Xn-tbmSp-Iq-Snb Bl-h-\o-bm-n-bmbn apJv nXn sNp-p.
qe-i-co-cs Zln-n-p ico-cmn qe-i-co-cs

584

I B{i-bn-n-cn-p Pcm-Zn-I-fm oWnp t]mIpw. AXv

qe-{]-]--am-Ip lh-ns\ {Kkn-p- p. AXv AN-{m-Ir-Xn-bp Zn- Wm-n-bmbn Fm Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw
lrZ-b
- n nXn sNp-p. tImjvTmn `n-Xpw
IpSn-Xpw Bkz-Zn--Xp-amb Fm hkvXp--sfbpw \t]mse ]Nn-nv Kml-]-Xy-cq-]-n \m`n-m-\v \nesIm-p-p. lntm-]m[n kzc-Iq-]-ambn hncSv apX-em-bhp Xmsg-bmbn {]Xn-jT
v n-X-amb Pm{K-z-]v\-kp-jp-]vXmh- m- {]-Im-in-X-amb Nn{Zq-]-amb N{ Fm-n\pw {]`phm-W.v kI-e-Xn-sbpw {]P-\\
- -Im-hp-am-W.v

aqmw Jw
1. Aky ico-c-b-ky bp]-ci
- -\m-tim-`n-Xky
Xky tIm bP-am\x Im ]Xv\o tI EXznPx tIkZkymx Im\n b-]m-{XmWn Im\n lhowjn Im
thZnx tIm-c-thZnx tIm t{ZmW Ieix tImcYx
Ix ]ipx tIm f [zcypx tIm tlmXm tIm {_mtWm-w-ko, Ix {]Xn {]mXm Ix {]kvtXmtXm
tIm ssa{X-h-cpWx I DZvKmXm Im [mcm-t]mXm
tI Z`mx Ix {kphx ImPy-m-eo, Imhm-[m-c m,
Imhm- P y- ` mKu tI {] bm- P mtI A \ p- b mPm
tIUmIx kq- h mIx Im iwbp- h mIx Im f
lnwkm, tI ]Xv\o kwbmPmx tIm bp]x Im ci\m
Im Cb Im ZnWm Inw Ah-`r-Ya
- n-Xn.

kymm bP-am\x _pnx ]Xv\o thZx alXznPx

Alw Im tcm f [zcypx Nnw tlmXm {]mtWm
{_-W - wkn A]m\x {]Xn {]mXm hym\x
{]kv t XmXm kamt\m ssa{Xm hcpWx DZm\x
DZvKmXm icocw thZnx \mknIm D-c-thZnx aq[mt{Zm-W-I-eix ]mtZm cYwx ZnW lkvXx {kphx
khy-l kv X x BPy- meo t{imt{X B[mcu
Npjo BPy-` m-Ku, {Kohm [mcm-t]mXx Xm{XmWn kZkymx alm-` q-X m\n {]bmPx `qXm\y
\pbmPmx Pnlzm CUm ZtmjvTu kq{X-hmIx
Xmep kpbp-]mIx kvarXn Zbm, mn-c-lnw-km,
]Xv\ o kwtbmPm Hmm-tcm-bp]x Bim cibm
at\m cYx Imax ]ipx tImimx Z`mx _p[o-{ nbmWn b-]m-{XmWn It-{n-bmWn lhowjn
Alnwkm Cbx XymtKm ZnW Ah-`rYx acWmXv khm-l y-kvan tZh-X m-i-cotc \nx kamlnXm hmcW kymw artXm hm]n Camw hm
{_bx ]tcXv GtI\ P\m Pptamw
{]m]v\p bmZnXn tamw N {]m]v\p-bm-Zn-Xyp-]-\nj- v.

Bm-hmWv ico-c-b --ns bP-am-\ _pn

]Xv\nbpw thZ- alm-m-cmb EXzn-p-Ifpw Al-m-cXXzw A[z-cyphpw Nnw tlmXmhpw {]mW {_-Ww-knbpw A]m- \ {]Xn-{]-kvtXm-Xmhpw hym\ {]kvtXmbq]-c-i-\m-tim-`n-X- amb Cu ico-c-b-- ns bP- Xmhpw DZm-\ DZvKm-Xmhpw kam-\ ssa{X-h-cp-W-mcpw
am-\-\mcv? ]Xv\n EXzn-p-I kZ-ky-m Ch BcmWv? icocw thZnbpw \mknI Ath-Znbpw incv t{ZmtWb-]m-{X- GsXmw? lhn-p-I-sf-smw? thZn I-e-ihpw ]mZw cYhpw he-XpssI {kphhpw CS-pssI
GXv? D-c-th-Zn-tbXv? GXmWv t{ZmW-Iiw? FmWv LrX-]m-{Xhpw Iw B[m-chpw Iv BPy-`m-Khpw
cYw? GXmWv ]ip? BcmWv A[zcyq? BcmWv tlmXmhv? Igpv [mcbpw Ap Xm-{X-I tlmXmhpw ]-a-lmBcmWv {]kvtXm- Xmhv? BcmWv ssa{X- h-cp-W-m? BcmWv `q-X- kZ-kycpw KpWw {]bm- Phpw A\p- bm-Phpw \mv
[mcm-t]mXm? FmWv Z`? FmWv {kphw? FmWv CUbpw ]pw Nppw kq-hmpw Xmep-iw-tbmhmLrX-]m{Xw? Fm-Wm- [mcw? Fm-Wm-Py-`mKw? FmWv Ihpw kvarXn-Zm-bbpw imn Alnw- kbpw ]Xv\n kwbm{]tbmPw? GXmWv hmv? FmWv Alnwk? BcmWv Phpw HmImcw kvXw`hpw Bi-c- i-\bpw a\v cYhpw Imaw
]Xv\n kwtbmPw? FmWv bp]w? FmWv ci\? ]iphpw Imew Z`- Ifpw _po- {n- b- b- ]m- {X-fpw
FmWv Cn-I? FmWv ZnW? FmWv Ah-`r-Y- It-{n-b- lhnpw Alnwk Cn-Ibpw XymKw
Zn-Wbpw arXyp Ah `rK-k\
v m-\-hp-am-Ip-p. Imin-bn
kv\m\?
shv ico-c-\miw kw`-hn-p-Itbm CXv ]Sn-p-Itbm
sNbvXm Htc Hcp Pw sImp Xs Abmv Nn\memw Jw
ip-n-I-c-amb m\hpw tamhpw e`n-pw.

Aky icoc bky bp]-c-i\m tim`nX

{]mWm-n-tlm-t{Xm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.-

Q
N

585

I
1

_rlvhy-tNm-]-\n-jv 3

h-`m-h-k-bo tZi-Im-eh
- kvXp A{\-kw-Km alm{Xn-]p-c-kp-co ssh {]XyIv NnXnx

imn-]mTw
Hmw hmMv ta a\kn {]Xn-jvTnXm at\m ta hmNn
{]Xn-jvTn-X-am-hn-cm-hoa G[n thZky h
BWokyx {ipXw ta am {]lm-ko-c-t\-\m-[ntX
\mtlm-cm-{Xm-w-Z[
- man EXw hZn-jyman I kXyw
hZn-jyman I Xm-a-hXp I XZv hm-c-a-hXp I
AhXp amw AhXp hm-c-a-hXp hmcw Hmw
imnx imnx imnx
Fs hmv a\-n nc-a m-bn-cn--s. a\v
hmn nc-am-bn-cn--s. kzbw {]Im-im-m-th, Fs
apn Av {]Xy--am-I-W-ta. hmMva-\-p-Isf \n Fs thZ-m\nm-[m-ca
- m-Wv. AXn-\m Fs
thZm-[ym-b\w \in-n--cp-Xv. Cu A[y-b-\-n XsbmWv Rm cmhpw ]Iepw Nne-h-gn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv.
Rm EXw ]dbpw kXyw ]dbpw Fs cn- p-I. hmhns\ cn-p-I. Hmw imnx imnx imnx

Hmw tZho ln GIm{K AkoXv sskh PK-Z-a-kr-PXv Ima-teXn hnm-btX irwKm-c -IteXn hnm-btX Xkym Gh {_m APo-P \Xv hnjvWp-c-Po-P-\Xv cpt{Zm-Po-P-\Xv kth acpZv
KWm APo-P-\Xv Khm-]vk-ckx Inw\cm hmZnX3-hm-Zn\x ka-m-Z-Po-P-\ t`mKy-a-Po-P-\Xv kha- P o- \ - \ Xv khw- i m aPo- P - \ Xv A Pw
tkzZPw DZv`nPw Pcm-bpPw bXv Inw ssNXXv {]mWnm-h-c-Pw-Kaw a\p-jy-a-Po-P-\ -X v.
tZhn G-hp-amZyw P\n-p. tZhn Xs PK-Z-s
krnp, tZhn-Xs Ima-I-e, irwKmc Ie-sbp {_mhpw hnjvWphpw cp{Z\pw P\n-p. tZhn-bn \npw
{]kn-n-bmn-Xpw tZhn-X-s. tZhn-bn \nv kha-cp-p-fpw Kh-mcpw A]vk-c-kp-Ifpw In-cmcpw P\n-p. tZhn Xs-bmWv Fm t`mKkma-{KnIpw Imc-W-`q-X-bm-bn-p-Xv Fmw tZhn-bm krn-s-p. A-Pw, tkzZ-Pw, DZv`n-Pw, Pcm-bp-Pw, ssNX\y-h-mb ka-kvX{- ]m-Wn-hw, mh-c-Pw-Ka hyqlw,
a\p-jy-hw Fm-w tZhn P\n-n-p.

2. sskjm A]cm inx sskjm

Zym, ImZn-hn-tZyXn hm, lmZn-h n-tZyXn
hntZyXn hm, clkyw Hmtamw hmNn
sskh ]pc-{Xbw ico-c-{Xbw hym]y

imw`-hn-hnhm, kmZn
{]Xn-j vTm.
_ln-c--c-

tZhn-sb--s -bmWv A]-cm-i-n-sbp imw`ho

hnZy-sbp clkyw cq]nWn Fpw ]d-bp--Xv. tZhn
Xs-bmWv {]W- hs {]Xn- ]m-Zn- p A- c- X- Xzw, {]Wh-kz-cq-]n-Wnbpw Fm ]mWn-I-sfbpw hmn HXp-nb-hfpw tZhn-X-s. tZhn Xs-bmWv Pm{KXv kz]v\-kpjy-]vXy--I-amb aqv Ah--bnepw qew kqvaw
ImcWw Fo icoc {Xb-nepw hym]nv Ahsb {]Imin-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv. tZiw Imew hkvXp Fn-hbpsS koa-bvp-n hkn-p-p. alm-{Xn-]p-c-kp--cnbmb tZhn Hmtcm Pohn-bnepw ssNX\yw Acp-fp-p.

3. sskhmm XtXm f \yZk-Xy-a-\ mm AX

Gj {_-kw-hn-n`m-hm-`m-h-Iem hn\napm
NnZznZym AZzn-Xo-b-{_--kw-hnnx kn-Zm-\ elco, alm-{Xn-]p-ck
- p--co, _ln-c--c-\p-{]-hniy kzbta-ssIh hn`mXn bZkvXn km{Xw bZv hn`mXn
Nnm{Xw bXv {]nb-am-\ w XtZ-XXv khm-Imcm
alm-{Xn-]p-c -kp- co Xzw Nlw N khw hnizw
kh tZhXm CX-cXv khw alm {Xn]pc kpco
kXy- t aIw efn- X mJyw hkv X pXZ- Z zn- X o- b - a - J mw ]cw-{_-.
tZhnsb Xs-bmWv Bm-shv ]d-bp--Xv. tZhn
HgnsI Fmw Ak-Xyhpw A\m--hp-am-Wv. tZhn ]c-{_m-I t_m[w \nn-p hnZym-i-n-bm-Wv. tZhn
{_-m\w \evIp-p. tZhn kn-Zm-\ kzcq-]n-Wn-bmWv. tZhn Hmtcm hkvXp-hn-sbpw Dnepw ]pdpw hym]nn-cn- p- p. tZhn-bpsS AkvXn `mXn {]nb Fo aqp cq]epw kn-Zm-\--{]-t_m-[-Ia- m-Ip-p. Cs\ {Xn]p-c- kp-co-tZhn ka-kvX--e]
- -Zm--fnepw A[n-jT
v n-X-bm-bncn-p-p. \obpw Rm\pw tZh-mcpw kIe {]]-hpw
tij\pw Fmw tZhn XsbmWv. tZhn Xs efn- X- am- {Xw,
kXyw tZhn Xs-bmWv ]c-{_-w tZhn-X-s- bm-Wv.

4.

]-cq] ]cn-Xym-Km
Zkz-cq] {]lm-WXx I
A[n-jvTm\mw ]cw XXz
taIw kn-jytX alXv II

AkvXn, `mXn, {]nbw, \maw, cq]w Fo Ap-cq-]-sfbpw ]cn-Xy-Pn-p-Ibpw kzkz-cq-]s shSnbmXn-cnp-Ibpw sNbvXm ]ns Ah-ti- jn- p ksb ]ca-X-Xz-sav ]d-bp-p.

586

I 5.

{]m\w {_t-Xnhm Alw {_m-kvaoXn

hm `mjytX Xz-a-ko-tXyh kw`m-jy-tX. Abamm {_tXn hm {_ss-hm-l-a-kvaoXn hm tb
f l akv a oXn hm tkm f lakv a nXn hm bm
`mjytX sskjm tjmUio {iohnZym ]-Zi
- mco {ioa-lm-{Xn-]p-c-kp-co _memw-_nt-tIX _Kte-Xnhm am XwKoXn kzbw-h-c-I-eym-WoXn `ph-t\iz-coXn Nmap-t-Xn, Nt-Xn, hmcm-lo-Xn, XnckvI -c-WoXn cmP-am-Xmw-Ko-Xn, ipI-i ym-a-tfXn hm,
eLp-iym-a-tfXn hm, Aizm-cq-tVXn hm, {]Y-A-bB-L-C-dB [qam-hXn kmhn-{Xo, kc-kzXo {_m\- - I - t e- X n, EtNm Atc ]cta thyma
bkvan tZhm A[n-hntiz \ntjZpx bkvX thZ
InarNm Icn-jyXn b C-Zzn-ZpkvX Cta kam-ktX
CXyp-] -\ n-j Xv.
{]m\w Xs-bmWv {_w, Rm Xs {_w

Fo alm-Im-hy--fm B ]ca XXzw hy-am--s-Spp. AXv, \o, Rm, Fsmw ]d-bp-tm AXn-s\-s- bmWv \mw {]I-S-am- p- -Xv. AXv GXmtWm AXp Xs
Rm. AXpw Rm Xs. {_hpw Rm Xs.
Bmhpw {_-am-Wv. ]Xn-\v Acw tN B
tZhnv _memw-_n-I, _K-f, amXw-Kn, kzbw-h-c-Ie
- ym-Wn,
`ph-t\-iz-cn, Nmap- n, N, hmcm-lo, Xnc-kI
v -cn-Wo, cmPam-Xw-Kn, ipI-iym-a-f, eLp-iym-a-f, Aizm-cq-V, {]Xyw-Knc, [qam-h-Xn, kmhn- {Xn, kc- kz-Xn, {_m-\--Ie Fo \ma-fp-v. Ahn-\m-in-bmb BIm-i-n kI-et- Z-h-mcpw
\nh-kn-p-p. B ]c-am-Im-i-n EXp-fpw A[n-h-knp- p. B ]c- am- Im- i-s- n th t]mse [cn- m {ianmh\v tIhew Ep-I ]Tn-p-Xp sImv Hcp
{]tbm-P-\-hp-an-. AXv icnv a\-n-em-p--h\v am{Xta
]c-am-Im-i-n imiz-X-\n-hmkw e`n-p-Ib
- p-q.
_lvhrtNm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

{_-_np]-\n-jv

imna{w
Hmw. k l \ mh h X p . k l \ u`p \ p .
klhocyw Ichmhssl. tXPkzn\mh[oXa
kvXp. am hnZznjm hssl. Hmw. imnx imnx
imnx.
]c{_w R cpt]scbpw cnpamdmIs.
R Hcpanv PohnXn aptmv t]mIpamdmIs.
Hcpanv PohnXn aptmp t]mIpamdmIs. Hcpanv
DukzeX t\Ss. RfpsS A[yb\w tXtPmab
amIs. R At\ym\yw hntZzjw hlnm CSbmIm
Xncns. Hmw imnx imnx imnx

1. at\m \n Zznhn[w t{]mw ipw Nmiptah N

Aipw Imakev]w ipw ImahnhnXw
2. a\ Gh a\pjymWmw ImcWw
_ tamtbmx
_mb hnjbmkw apssy \nhnjbw
kva rXw

3. btXm\nhnjb kymky a\tkmapn

cnjytX
Xkva mnhnjbw \nXyw a\x Imcyw
apappWm
4. \nckvXhnjbmkwKw k\ncpw at\m lrZn
bZm bmXyp\o`mhw XZm XXv ]caw ]Zw
5. XmhtZh \ntcmh bmhZv lrZn KXw bw
GXZv m\w Ntamw N AtXmt\ym
{KhnkvXcw
1......5. ipsapw, Aipsapw, a\v cp
{]Imcnepv . hnjbfmepw A`nemjfmepw
k ev ] D hn p XmWv a\ v . C I
DbcmXncnpXmWv ipmab a\v. _\nepw
AXpt]mse Xs tamn\pw ImcWambn hn
pXv a\p XsbmWv. hnjbfn Bkamb
a\n\m _\w kw`hnpp. hnjbfpsS
A`mhamv a\n\v tamw knnpp. hnjb
kev] clnXambncnptmgmWv a\ns ebw

587

I kw`hnpXv AXn\m tamw B{Klnp km[

I hnjbkev] clnX\mbncnWw a\n hnjbm
`nemjw CmXncnpAhbmWv ]ca]Zw. AtXmsS
a\n kev] hnIev] DbcmXncnpp. lrZ
bn hneo\ambncnpXphsc am{Xw a\ns\
\nb{Wnemm {ianWw. AXn\ptija
thXv. a\n lrZbw hneo\amIpXphsc am{Xw
a\ns\ \nb{Wnemm {ianWw. AXn\p
tija thXv. a\n lrZbw hneo\amIpXns\
tamsapw m\sapw ]dbpp. AXn IqSpX
]dbpXv {KhnkvXmcw am{XamIpp.

6. ss\hNnyw \ NmNnyaNnyw Nnytah N

]]mXhn\npw {_ kZytX XZm
7. kztcW km[tb tZymK a kzcw `mhtbXv ]cw
AkztcW ln`mth\ `mhm\m` CjytX
8. XtZh \njvI ew {_ \nhnIev]w
\ncRv P\w
XZv {_mlanXn mXzm {_
kZytX {[phw
9. \nhnIev] a\w N tlXp ZrjvSm hPnXw
A{]taba\mZyw N mXzm N ]caw inhw
10. \ hntcmt[m \ tNmXv] n \ _tm \
Nimk\w
\apap \ apn N CtXyjp ]camXx
6......10. Nn\obhpw ANn\obhpw Xn Hcp
A\cIcWobhpw CmXncnpIbpw cn Hn
sbpw t\v {]tXyI Nmbvhv km[I\v CmXncnp
Ibpw sNp Ahkcn {_{]m]vXnpff kabw
ASpspp. km[I\v {]WhneqsS Cuizc
\pambn sFIyw DmbnocWw. {]Whpambn khm
\m CWnb `mh\sImp am{Xw `hkzcq]\mb
]camhns\ {]m]nm Ignbpp. A`mhw sImv
AXv km[ya. `mh\bpsS A`mhn kam[n iq\y
XbmWv kw`hnpI. B ambmcq]amb a\v iq\yhpw
hnIev] hpw AhbhclnXhpw Bb \ncs\sbmWv {_sap ]dbpXv. "B {_w Rm XsbmWv'. F `mh\bpw hnizmkhpw tNh\v {_
{]m]vXn e`npp. iq\yhpw A\mZnbpw A\ hpw
A{]]hpw ]ca IembWkzcq]hpamb {_ s
AXpambn A\\y`mhw ssIsmffm Ignbp h\v
e`npp. k rj v S nbn, ambbn, _a\an,
tamm`nemjan. tamhpan F NnmKXnbpw
hmkvXhnIm\hpw t\Snbh {_ kmmXvmcw
t\Spp.

11. GI Ghmmathym Pm{KXv kz]v\

kpjp]v X njp
m\{XbmXv hyXoXw b ]p\ P \
hnZytX

12. GI Gh ln`qXmm `qtX `qtX hyhnXx

GI[m _lp[m ssNh ZriytX PeN{hXv.
13. LSkw`qXamImiw eobamt\ LtSbYm
LtSm eobtX \mImti XZzothm LtSm]a.
14. LShZv hnhn[mImcw Zayam\w ]p\x ]p\x
XXv `w N Pm\mXn k Pm\mXn N \nXyi;
15. i_vZambmhrtXm bmhmanjv TXn
]pjvItc
Znt Xakn ssNIXz taItahm\p]iyXn.
11.......15. Pm{Kv, kz]v\w, kpjp]vXn. Cu app
Ahsbbpw ISh\pw Htc Hcp Bmhpambn
am{Xw _w m]nph\pamb hynv ]p\P
an. {]]nse kIe PohnIfnepw Cu Htc Hcp
BmhmWpffXv. N{ Htbpffq. Fnepw AXns
{]Xn_nw_w ]ebnSpw ]eXnepw ImWm Ignbpp.
Htc ]c{_w ]e icocfnepw {]Xn`mknpp.
icocw \inmepw Bmhn\v \miapmIpn. aIp
S s]mpXpt]msebpw ]nsbpw \nnsSp
Xpt]msebpw ]nsbpw \nnsSpXpt]msebpw
Dff Hcp Ahm hntijamWnXv. ambbpambn _
sv Pohmmhv Hmtcm icocfn {]Xn`mknpp.
Am\amIp AImcw \inv m\amIp
{]Imiw {]m]nptm am{Xw Pohmmhpw ]camm
hpw Xnepff sFIyw A\p`h tKmNcambnocpp.

16. i_vZ mcw ]cw {_ bkvan

otWbZcw
XZznZzm\cw [ymtbXv bZotXv
imnam\x
17. tZzhntZy thZnXthy Xp i_vZ{_ ]cw NbXv
i_vZ {_Wn \njvWmX ]cw {_m[n KXn
18. {Ka`yky ta[mho m\hnm\ XXzX
]emeanh[m\ymo Xy tPXv {K atijXx
19. Khmat\Ih\mw. ockymt\I hXm
ochXv ]iytX m\w
enwKakvXpKhmw bYm
20.LrX anh ]bkn \nKqVw
`qtX `qtX N hkXn hnm\w
kXXw abnXhyw
a\km am\ `qXt\

588

I 21. m\t\{Xw kamZmb Ntc Zzn aX ]cw

\njvIew \new imw XZv{_ml
anXn kvarXw
22.kh`qXm[n hmkwN bZv `qtXjp hkXy[n
khm\p{KmlItXz\ XZkvaylw hmkptZh
XZkvaylw hmkptZh CXn.
16......22. i_vZhpw ]c{_hpw AcamIpp. Cu
cn Hn\p bw kw`hnptm atXv Ab
amb nXnbn \nesImffpp. CXp XsbmWv
hmkvXhnIamb ]c{_w. imn B{Klnp a\p
jy\v B Ac {_ssbmWv [ym\ntXv.
i_vZ {_sapw ]c{_sapapff cp hn[apff
hnZy [cntXpv. Ftm a\pjy i_vZ {_w
AXmbXv thZimkv{X icnv a\nempp
Atm ]c{_s {Klnm Ignbpp. `Ww
tXSp hyn sshtm Ifn Ctijw `W
n\v Acnbpw AXp ]mNIw sNbvX Xpw tXSpXp-

t]mse Adnhpffh {Kfn \nv kmcw {Kln

tijw {K ssIhnSpp. ]e \ndapff ]ip
Dv . Fm AhbpsSsbmw ]m Htc hn[amWv.
shfpp \ndamWv. AXpt]mse At\I k{Zmbfpw
Nnm[mcIfpw Dsnepw AhbnsemaSp XXzw
HmsWv a\nempp. ]pdsa ImWp t`Z`mh\
I \nkmcamWv. BcnIhpw kmh{XnIhpamb
XXzw {KlnpI. ]m ssX ISbpXn \nv sh
Inpp. Nn\w sImpw a\\w sImpw hnm\
abamb {_w Adnbm Ignbpp. m\ns
{]Imiw e`np Ignbptm An kam\amb tXPv
Ie {_ns `mh\ A\p`hthZyamIpp. "
IemclnXhpw \nehpw imhpamb ]c{_w Rm
XsbmIpp' F t_m[w AtXmsS m\npm
Ipp. DXmWv icnbmb m\w. kIeXnepw ASp
Xpw kakvX `qXm[nhmkhpamb B ]c{_XXzw
hmkptZh\mWv F Adnhpw kwPmXamIpp.
{__np D]\njv kam]np.

Q
3
{_h
nt
Zym]
\
nj
v
1
imn]mTw
Hmw k l \ mh h X p k l \u `p \ p
klhocyw Ichmhssl tXPkzn\mh[oXakvXp
am hnZznjmhssl Hmw imnx imnx imnx
]c{_w R cp t]scbpw cns. AXv
R cp t]scbpw ]cn]mens. R cp
t]cpw Hcpanv IgnhpI BPns. RfpsS
A[yb\w DPzehpw tim`\hpamIs. RfpsS A[y
b\w DPzehpw tim`\hpamIs. R ]ckv] cw
hntZzjw ]pem\nSbmImXncns.

2. HmanItXyImcw {_ bZpw
{_hmZn`x
icocw Xky hyman m\w
Ime{Xbw XYm
3. X{X tZhmkv { Xbx t{]mm temIm thZw
kv{Xtbmbx
Xnt{kmam{Xmam{Xm NmXpcky
inhky Xp

AY {_hntZym]\njZpNytX

4. EtKztZm Kml]Xyw N ]rYnho {_ Gh N

BImcky icocw Xp hymJymXw {_ hmZn`nx

1. {]kmZmXv {_WkvXky hnjvtWmc`qX

IWx
clkyw {_ hnZymb {[phmnw kw{]tX

5. bpthZmcow N
ZnWmnkvXssYh N
hnjvWp `Khm tZh DImcx ]cnIonXx

589

A\cw {_tm]\njns\n ]dbpp. A`qXImhpw hnjvWpcq]nbpamb {_ns ImcpWy

m {[phmncq]amIp {_hnZymclkys
]dbpp. {_ m\nI GIm ccq] n
GsXmcp {_hnZymclkys ]dbpp. {_m
\nI GImc cq]n GsXmcp {_sbmtWm
]dnpXv AXns icocw m\w Ime{Xbw
Fnhsbn ]dbmw. Hmw Imcn aqp tZhmcpw
aqp temIfpw aqp thZfpw aqv AnIfpw Dv.
inhcq]nep Acn\v apc am{XbmWv .
AImcicocs Kml]Xynsbpw ]rYnhoXXzs
{_mshpw {_m\nI ]dbpp. DImcicocw
bpthZsapw ZnWmn BImiXXzsapw
hnjvWpshpw ]dnpv.

6. kmathZkvXYm Zyumlh\obkvXssYh N
Cuizcx ]ctam tZthm aImcx ]cnIonXx
7. kqcyaWvUeaty fY lyImcx iwJa[yKx
DImc{kmi kvXkyat[y hyhnXx
8. aImckvXzn kmtim hn[qtam hnZytXm]ax
Xnt{km am{XkvXYm tbm
tkmakqcyncq]nWx
9. inJm Xp Zo]kmtim Xkvanp]cnhtX
Aam{Xm XYm tbm{]Whtkym
]cnnXm
10. ]kq{X \n`m kqva inJm kmZriytX ]cm
km \mUo kqcykmim kqcyw `nXzm
XYm ]cm
11. Zznk]vXXXnkl{kmWn \mUow `nXzm
N aq[\n
hcZx kh`qXm\mw khw hym]yhXnjvTXn
aImcns icocw kmathZhpw Blh\obm
nbpw kzhpw inh\pamsWv ]dbsSpp. iwJa
[ynep AImcw kqcyaWvU en nXnsN
pp. N{kam\amb DImcw N{\n \nesImpp.
]pIbnm Ant]msebpw an t]msebpamWv
aImcw Cs\ aqpam{XI kqcy N{ An
Fo cq]nemWv. Zo]inJZo]ns apIfnse
tmWw {]Whns apIfnsetmfw {]Whns
apIfn Aam{Xbpv. B inJ Xmac\qens\mXmWv. kqcyXpeyamb B \mUn kqcyt\bpw Fgp]o
cmbncw \mUnIsfbpw t`Znv aq[mhn nXn sNp
p. AXv kh`qXpw hcw \IpXmWv.

12. Imwky Lm\n\mZkvXp bYm{]obXn

imtb
HmmckvXpXY tbmPy imtb khanXm

13. bkva n hneobtX i_vZkvXXv]cw

{_ KobtX
[nbw lneobtX {_ tkm
arXXzmb Iev]tX

14. hmbpx {]mWkvXYmImimx {Xnhnt[m

Pohkwbx
kPohx {]mW CXyptm _mem{KiX
Iev ]nXx
15. \m`nt\nXw hnizw ipXXzw
kp\new
BZnXyanh Zo]yw civan`nmhnew inhw
HmSpsImp Xo aWnbpsS i_vZw imnbn
ebnpXp t]mse HmwImc tbmP\bm kh B{K
lfpw imamIpw. bmsXmn i_vZw ebnpp
AXmWv {_w. GsXmcp _pn{_n ebnpp
AXv AarXkzcq]hpw. hmbp tXPv BImiw tIim{K
ns \qdnsemcp `mKn\v XpeysamWv kev]w.
hnizw ipXXzhpw \nekzcq]hpamb \m`n m\
v \nesImpp. AXv kqcys\mw Fm hnizhpw
{]Iminnv awKfacpfpp.

16. kImcw NlImcw N Pothm P]Xn khZ,

\m`nc{mZzn\njv{Imw hnjbhym]vXn
hPnXw
17. tXt\Zw \njvIew hnZymXv ocmXv kncYm
ImtcW\m\mbpx
{]mWmbmssa]`nx
18. GXkvan hktX io{Lahn{imw almJKx
bmhnizkntXm PohkvXmhnjvIfXmw KXx
Poh Ftmgpw kImcsbpw lImctbpw
P]np sImncnpp. \m`nbn \npw ]pdsSp
Cu P]w hnjbhmk\ CmXmWv. ]men \npw
s\s t]mse Cu XXzw {]mWmbmaw sImdnbWw.
IStImem ]m ISbppXpt]mse NXpjvIetN
lrZbn nXnsNp XXzw icocn {`aWw
sNpp. Atm AXn Poh \nhknp#v\ izmkw
\nptm \njvIfXzw {]m]npp.
20. \`w \njvIew [ymXzm aptNyX

`h_\mXv
A\mlX[z\nbpXw lwkw tbm
thZ lrZKXw
21. kz {]ImiNnZm\w k lwk CXn KobtX
tcNIw ]qcIw apzm Ipw`tI\
nXx kp[o

590

I 22.

\m`nIt kau IrXzm {]mWm]m\u

kamlnX
akvXImarXkzmZw ]oXzm
[ymt\\ kmZcw

23. Zo]mImcw almtZhw Pmew \m`n a[yta

A`njnNymartXss\h lk lwtkXn
tbm Pt]Xv
24. PcmacWtcmKmZn \Xky `qhn hnZytX
Ghw Znt\ Znt\ Ipcym ZWnamZnhn`qXtb
tZymhn \nesImp \njvI fXzw [ym\nv
hnip t\Sptm kwkmc_wssIhnSpp. CXlrZ
bn nXnsNpXpw NnZm\ lwks Adnbp
h lwks Adnbpp. lwkw F t]cn Ah
AdnbsSpp. tcNIw ]qcIw Fnh Dt]nv Ipw`
In ncambncppsImv {]mWt\bpw A]m\
t\bpw GIo`hnnv akvX In nXnsNp
AarXw kmZcw [ym\ nX\mbn ]m\w sNbvXv lwk
Fv P]np [ym\nv `qanbn Ignbptm Pc
acWw tcmKw Ch DmIpn. Fp am{Xa. AWna
XpSnb AjvS knnIfpw hn`qXnIfpw e`nm
IgnbpIbpw sNbvXp.

25. CuizcXzahm]vt\mXn kZmZymkcXx ]pam

_lthm ss\IamtW {]m]vX
\nXyXz amKXmx
kZm Cu A`ymkn apgpInbncnpph\v
CuizcXzw ssIhcpp. ]ecpw Cu amneqsS
\nXy]Zw {]m]np.

26. lwk hnZymartX temtI \mkvXn\nXyXz

km[\w
tbm ZZmXn almhnZymw lkmJymw
]mctaizcow
27. Xky Zmkyw kZmIpcymXv
{]bm]cbm kl
ip`w hmip`a\yXzm b Zpw KpcpWm `phn
28. XXv IpcymZhnNmtcW injyx
ktmj kwbpXx
lwk hnZymanamw e_v[zm Kpcpip{iqjm\cx
29. Bm\amm\m kmmXv {_ _p[zm
kp\new
tZl PmXymZnkw_m hm{ia
ka\znXm

30. thZkmkv{XmWn Nm\ym\n ]Zamw kpanh

XyP
Kpcp`nw kZm IpcymXv t{ibtk
`qXtb \cx

lmkXz {]m]npIsb Cu hnZymarXn\p

Xpeyw \nXyX {]m]nphm\pXIp Hcp km[\bn.
lwkw sNp hynsb kZm `ntbmsS ip{iqjn
pI. ip`mip`Nnp Xp\nbmsX Kpcp Fmm]n
ppthm AXv AtX]Sn injy A\pkcnWw.
Kpcphn \npw Cu hnZy kmZnv Bmhn
Bmhns\ kmmXvIcnv \n{_s Adnv
hm{iamZnIsfbpw thZ imkv {X imk\Isfbp
\ntmNw ]cXyPnv kZm Kpcp ip{iqjbn
apgpIWw. AXv t{ibn\v F{Xbpw D]Icnpw.

31. Kpcptch lcn kmmm\y CXy

{_hoXv {ipXnx
32. {ipXym b Zpw ]camtah
XXv kwitbm \m{X XXx kakvXw
{ipXym hntcm[ \ `thXv {]amWw
`thZ\mb hn\m {]amWw
kmm lcn Kpcp XsbmWv amcpa Fv
thZw ]dbpp. CX{ipXnhmIyw kibclnXambn
s ]camamWv. {ipXnv hncpambm ]ns {]am
Wan. {]amWclnX ambnpXv A\ImcnbmWv.

33. tZlx kItemttbm \njvItem tZl

hPnXx
B]vt Xm]tZi Ktaymku khXx
kanXx
34. lwk lwtkXn tbm {_qbmwtkm {_m
lcnxinhx
Kpcph{mpx e`ytX {]Xyw
khtXmapJw
35. Xntejp N bYm ssXew ]pjv t]K
Chm{inXx
]pcpjky icotcfkvan k _mlym`y
tc XYm
tZlnXambXns\ kIfsapw tZhPnXamb
Xns\ \njvI fsapw a\nemWw B]vX amb
Kpcp{]tZim AdnbsSp\\ Cu XXzw kh{X
ka`mh\tbmSpIqSn nXn sNpp. lwkmJy
{_mhnjv W p inhkzcq]\mWv . Kpcp]tZim
Ah\v khtXmpJamb {_s Adnbm Ignbpw.
Fn Fbpw ]qhn kpKhpw nXn sNpXpt]mse Xs ]pcpjicocn AIpw ]pdpw
B {_w Xs.

591

I 36.

DmkvtXm bYm temtI {Zhyam

temIyXmwXytPXv.
mt\\ tb amtemIy ]mXv
m\w]cnXytPXv

37. ]pjv ]hZv kIew hnZymXv KkvXky Xp

\njvIfx
hrkvXp kIew hnZymXv Ombm Xky Xp
\njvIem
38. \njvIex kItem `mhx khss{Xh
hyhnXx
D]mb kIekvXZz Zp t]b ssh \njvIex
39. kIte kItem `mthm \njvIte
\njvIe kvXYm
GIamt{Xm Zznam{X {Xnam{Xssh t`ZXx
40. Aam{Xm ]cmtbm XX Du[zw
]cmXv ]cw
][m ]ssZhXyw kIew]cn]jytX
Xons {]Imiw sImv ]Zm Ip
Ignm ]w Dt]nmw. AXpt]mse m\w
sImv mXhyamb hnjbw AdnXn\ptijw
m\hpw Dt]nmw. kIfs ]qhmbpw AXns
Ks \njvIfambpw IcpXpI. Asn kIfs
hrambpw AXns Ombsb \njvIfambpw IcpXWw.
Cs\bp kIf \njvI f`mh FmbnSpw
ImWmw. Iembpamb hkvXp km[\bpw km[yw
IemclnXhpamWv. Iembpamb hkvXphn kh`m
hfpapv. Fm IemclnXamb hkvXphn bmsXm
cp `mhhpan. Hcp am{X ]cbpapv. AXn\pw apIfn
]cmXv ]camWv. kIfw ]tZhXmbpsapw Av
hn[w tNncnpXmsWpw {KlntXpv.

41. {_tWm lrZbm\w IWvt T hnjvW px

kam{inXx
Xmepat[y ntXm cpt{Zm eemStm
atlizcx
42. \mkmt{K ANypXw hnZym XkymtXp
]cw ]Zw
]cXzmp ]cw \mkvXn tXyhw imkv{Xky
\nbx
43. tZlmXoXw Xp Xw hnZymmkmt{K
ZzmZimwKpew
XZw Xw l Pm\obm{Xtm
hym]tbXv {]`px

44. amt\m]y\y{X \nn]vXw Npc\y{X

]mXnXw
XYm]n tbmKn\mw tbm tKm hyhnnx
{]htX
45. GXp]caw Kply taXp ]caw ip`w
\mX ]cXcw Inn mXmx ]cXcw ip`w.

lrZbamWv {_ns m\w. hnjvWp lrZb

nepw cp{Z Xmephnepw atlizc s\nbnepw
nXnsNpp. \mkm{Kn ANypX nXnsN
ppshpw AXns Ahkm\ `mKv ]ca]Zsapw
AdnbpI. ]cmXv]cambn asmn. tZlmXoXamb B
{_w \mkm{Kn \npw ]{wKpew ZqscbmWv.
A Xp XsbmWv A Xns Ahk m\w. A hnsS
nXnsNp {]`p kh hym]nbmWv. a\v asmcp
m\v s]mbvsms. IpI ashnsSsbnepw
t\ms. tbmKpIfpsS tbmKw Ahnnw \Spw. AXv
Gsd clkyamWv. ip`Icambnsmpan.

46. ipm\marXw {]m]y

]camc \nbw
KplymXv KplyX\w tKm]yw {KlWobw
{]bXv\Xx
47. \m ]p{Xmb {]`mXhyw \m injymb IZmN\
KpcptZhmb `mb \nXyw `n]cmb N
48. {]`mXhyanZw imkv{Xw t\Xtc`yx
{]Zm]tbXv
ZmXm ky \cIw bmXn kn[ytX \ IZmN\
49. Krltm {_Nmco N hm\{]
`npIx
b{X X{X ntXm m\o ]camchnXv
kZm
50. hnjbohnjbmktm bmXn tZlmtc
ip`w
m\tZhmky imkv{Xky khmhtm
]nam\hx
ip m\amIp AarXw {]m]nv ]camc
XXzw \nbnpIbpw At Aw clkyamb B
hkvXp {]bXv\]qhw {KlnpIbpw thWw. Cu hnZy
]p{X\mht\m injy\mht\m sImSpcpXv.
bYm Kpcp`\pw `n]c\pta Zm\w sNmhq.
ampw Zm\w sNcpXv. CXn\v hncpambn {]hn
ph \cIw {]m]npw; Ah\v knnbn. Hcm
{_Nmcntbm hm\{]t\m Krlt\m k\ymkn
tbm Bbnsms, FhnsSsbnepw Xmakns,
]cam XXzw Adnh am{Xta m\nbmIpIbp

592

I p. Hcph hnjbmk\mbmepw imkv{Xm\w

sImv ip`KXn ssIhcnpp.

51. {_lXymizta[mssZyx
]pWy]mss]\ en]ytX
tNmZtIm _m[Issh tamZ]cx
kva rXx
52. CtXyjmw {Xn]nt[mtbw BNmcykvXp
aloXte
tNmZtIm Zitbmw t_m[Ix m\
amNtcXv
53. tamZkvXp ]cw XXzw bPmXz
]caiv \tX
{]XybP\w tZtl kmt]mr
WKuXa
54. tXt\jvSzm k \tcm bmXn imizXw
]Zahybw
kzbtah Xp ktiyttl _npw
N\njvIfw
55. Abt\ tZz N hnjpth kZm]iyXn amhnXv
IrXzmbmaw ]pcm h tcN ]qcI Ipw`Im

60. {]mWn\mw tZlatyXp ntXm lwkx

kZmNypXx
lwk Gh ]cw kXyw lwk GhXp
inIw
cpw Dcnv BZyw bYm{Iaw \akvcnWw.
\akvmc tbmKap{ZIfm ]qPnWw. h, kqcy{K
lWw {]XybP\amsWp ]dbpp. Pen
Pesa t]mse kmbqPy ]Zhpw m\m ssIhcp
mw. tbmKm`ymkn\p sNp {iaw hfsc ^ew
sNpw AXp aqew khZpxJfpw ianIpw. ZpxJ
ZpcoIcnm {ianpI. kZm Cu a{w P]npsImv
tbmK[ym\fm m\n XmZmyw {]m]npI.
tbmK`ymk {iaw Ghpw KpW{]ZamIpp. m\w
sImp am{Xta ]cakzcq]w {]m]nm km[pq. PohnIfpsS icocn ANypX\mIp lwkw kZm hkn
pp. lwkw XsbmWv ]cakXyw lwkw Xs
in kzcq]sadnbpI.

61. lwk Gh ]cw hmIyw lwk Gh

Xp hmZnIw
lwk Gh ]tcm cpt{Zm lwk Gh
]cmXv ]cw

{_lXym ]m]w Aizta[mXn ]pWyw t_m[I

tamI Fnh t{ijvTcmsWv IcpXsSpp.
BNmcym Cs\ aqphn[apv. t{]cI amw
ImWnp sImSppp. t_m[I m\w \ntin
pp. tam ZmXmhv B ]ca XXzw Xs. B XXza
dnv Ah ]cammhns\ {]m]npp. KuXa,
tZlnse {]XybP\w Npcpndbmw. tIp.
AX\pjvTnm a\pjy\v imizXhpw Ahybhpamb ]Zw
e`npw. IqSmsX icocm`mKv \njvIfamb _np
hns\ ImWp cv Ab\fnepw Zn\cm{X
Xpeyambncnptmgpw BZyambn tcNIw ]qcIw Ipw`Iw
F {]mWmbmaa\pjvTnWw.

62. kh tZhky a[ytm lwk

Gh atlizc
]rYnhymZn inhmw Xp AImcmZym
]Imx

56. ]qhw tNm`mbpapmcy Atbp

bYm{Iaw
\akvI mtcW tbmtK\ ap{Zbmc`y
NmtbXv

64. lwk tPymXnc\q]ayw aty tZhw

hyhnXw
ZnWm apJam{inXy m\ap{Zmw
{]Iev]tbXv

57. kqcyky {KlWw h {]XybP\w

kva rXw
m\mXv kmbqPytathmw tXmtb
tXmbwbYmXYm

65. kZm kam[nw IphoX lwk

a{a\pkva c
\ne kv^SnImIcw Znhycq]a\q]aw

58. GtX KpWw {]ht tbmKm`ymk

IrX{issax

59. tbmK[ym\w kZm IrXzm m\w XbXmw

{]tPXv
m\mXv kzcq]w ]caw lwka{w
kaptcXv

bkvamtZymKw kamZmb khZpxJ

_lnjv IrXx

63. IqSm lwk GhkymmXrtIXn

hyhnXmx
amXrImclnXw a{amZnit \ Ip{XNnXv

]caamb hmIyw lwkw Xs kakv X thZfp

sSbpw kmcw BWv. lwk ]cacp{ZbmWv. lwkw Xs
bmWv ]cmXv]cw kIetZhmcptSbpw a[y\mb
lwkw XsbmWv ]ctaizc. ]rYzn apX inh
hscbpw AImcw apX hscbpw lwkw XsbmWv

593

I am{XIsftmse hyhnXambncnpXv. am{Xm

clnXamb at{m]tZian. lwkns A\p]a
tPymXnv tZhmcpsS a[yn nXnsNpp.
ZnWm`napJambn m\ap{Z kev]nv kam[nbn
lwks kv acnpsImncnpI. \ne SnI
cq]amb Znhycq]hpw [ym\np sImWw.

66. a[ytZti ]cw lwkw m\

ap{Zm cq]Iw
{]mtWm]m\x kam\tmZm\ hym\u
N hmbhw
67. ] I{nssbcywm {Inbmin
_temZyXmx
\mKx Iq IrItcm tZhZtm
[\bx
68. ] mt\{nssbcywx m\in
_temZyXmx
]mhIx in at[yXp \m`nNt{I
chnx nXm
69. _ap{Zm IrXmtb\ \mkmt{K Xp
kztemNt\
AImtc hncnXymlpcpImtc chnkwnXx
70. aImtc N{`pthat[y {]mWiym
{]t_m[tbXv
{_{KncImtc N hnjvWp{Kn
lr`nnXx
m\ap{Zmcq]tmSpIqSnb ] lwks
a[y`mKv [ym\nWw. {]mW A]m\ kam\
DZm\ hym\ Fo Ap hmbpfpw ApI
t{nbfpw tN {Inbmin A[nIw _ehm
bnocpp. \mKw Iqw IrIcw tZhZw [\bw
FnhtbmSpw Av mt\{nbtfmSpw IqSnb
m\ in _ehcamIpw. in a[yn
Anbpw \m`o{In chnbpw nXnsNpp. BZyw
_ap{Z A`yknWw. \mkm{Knepw t\{Xfnepw
AImcmnbmWpXv. lrZbm\v DImcnepw
]pcnIfpsS a[ynepw AnbmWv. Ahbn {]mW
in ebnnWw. {_{Kn AImcnepw hnjvWp
{Kn lrZbnepw nXn sNpp.

71. cp{Z {Kn{`pthm at[y `nZytX

chmbp\m
AImtc kwntXm {_m DImsc hnjvWp
cmnXx
72. aImtc kwntXm cp{Zx XtXm kymm
]cmXv]cx

IWw kwIpNy \mUymZu kvXw`ntX

tb\ inXx

73. ck\m ]oUyamt\bw tjmUiothm

[zKman\o
{XnIqSw {Xnhn[m ssNh tKmemJw
\nJcw XYm
74. {Xn iwJh{PtamwImc aq[z\mfw
{Zpt]mapJw
IpWvUeow Nmeb {]mWm t`Zb
iinaWvUew
78. km[b h{PIpw`mWn \hZzmcmWn
_tbXv
kpa\x ]h\mcqVx kcmtKm \nKpWkvXYm
]pcnIfpsS a[yn nXnsNp cp{Z{Kn
Achmbp aptJ\ t`ZnsSpp. AImcw {_m
hnsbpw DImcw hnjvWphnsbpw aImcw cp{Zsbpw
m\amIpp. AXns Ahkm\`mKv ]cmXv]cw
nXnsNpp. IWvTw ktmNnnv \mUymZn in
sb kvXw`nnWw. ]ns \mv Aan tjmUm
im[mcbphpw Du[zKmanbpw {XnIqSbphpw
{Xnhn[w {_c{ Kmanbpw kqvahpamb kpjpav\m
\mUntbbpw {Xn inJw h{Pw Hmw Imcbpw Du[z
\mfw XpSnbh {ZpIpSnbntev t]mIpXpamb
IpWvUen\n insbbpw {]mWsfbpw Nennv N{
aWvUew t`Znv \hZzmc _nv h{P Ipw`I
km[\ sNpI a\v \nKpWamn {]kXtbmsS
]h\mcqV\pw BIWw.

76. {_mt\Xp \mZx kymmIn\yarX

hjnWn
jSvN{IaWvUtemmcw m\Zo]w
{]ImitbXv
77. kh`qXnXw tZhw kthiw
\nXyatbXv
Bcq]w XamtemIy m\cq]w \ncmabw
78. Zriyw Xw Znhy cqt]W khhym]n
\ncRvP\w
lwk lwkhtZZzmIyw {]mWn\mw
tZlam{inXx
79. kl{ktaIw hybpXjv SiXw
ssNh khZm
Dc ]TntXm lwkx tkmlanXy`n[obtX
80. ]qh`mtKlyt[menwKw inJnXymw
ssNh ]naw

594

tPymXnenwKw {Zpthmat[y \nXyw [ymtbXv

kZmbXnx
As\ Ccnptm, {_m\v \mZw
tIpp. am{Xa imnbpsS \mUnbn \npw
AarXhrjvSn DmIpp. jSvN{IaWvUew t`Zns
SpXpsImv m\amIp Zo]w {]Iminpp. kh
`qXfnepw nXn sNp ]catZhs\ Ftmgpw
]qPnWw. Bcq]w AImcs \innpXpw
m\kzcq]\pw hym[nclnXhpamIpp. khhym
]nbpw \ncRvP \hpamb B Znhykzcq]s Zinv
lwkw, lwkw Fp P]nWw. {]mWnIfpsS icoc
n nXnsNp {]mWm]m\{Knsb Acq]w
Fp ]dbpp. Cu Acq]a{w, \nXyhpw, Ccp]tm
cmbncn Adpqdp XhW P]nm lwkw tkmlw
Fp cq]ambnocpp. km[I kZm IpWvUen
\nbpsS ]q`mKv At[menwKtbpw inJmm\
v ]naenwKsbpw, {`qIpSnIfpsS ay `mKv
tPymXnenwKsbpw [ym\nWw.

81. ANyptXmlaNntymlaXtIym
latPmkvaylw
A{]mtWmlaImtbm la\wtKmkvay
`tbmkva ylw
82. Ai_vt Zmlacqt]mlakv] timkva y
laZzbx
ActkmlaKtmla\mZncartXmkva ylw
83. AtbmlaenwtKmlaPtcmkv ayI
temkva ylw
A{]mtWmlaaqtIm laNntymkvayIrtXm
kvaylw
84. Acymayla{Kmtlym\ntZtiymla
eWx
AtKmt{Xm laKmt{XmlaNpjvtImkvay
hmKlv
85. AZrtiymlahtmlaJWvt Umkva y
laZv `qXx
A{iptXmlaZrjv tSmlat\zjvS thyma
ckv aylw
Rm ANypX\pw, ANny\pw, AXy\pw,
PclnX\pw, {]mWclnX\pw, icocclnX\pw, AwKc
lnX\pw, `bclnX\pw, i_vZclnX\pw, Acq]\pw,
Akv ]i\pw, AZzb\pw, ckhnlo\\pw, Kcln
X\pw, A\mZyarXkzcq]\pw, Ab\pw, enwKclnX
\pw, Pcmlo\\pw, IemclnX\pw, A{]mW\pw, AaqI
\pw, ANny\pw, {InbmclnX\pw BIpp. Rm
khmycymanbpw, A{Kmly\pw \ntieWcln

X\pw, AZriy\pw, hclnX\pw, AJWvU \pw,

ApX\pw, AZriy\pw, hclnX\pw, AJWvU\pw,
ApX\pw, A{ipX\pw, AZrjv S\pw, At\zjnt
h\pw Aac\pamIpp.

86. Ahmbpc]y\mImtimtXPkvt Imhy`n

Nmcylw
AatXmlaPmtXmlaXnkqvtam
hnImcylw
87. AcPkvtImXakvt Imlakv tzmkv a y
KptWmkva ylw
Aamtbm\p`hmml\t\ym hnj
tbmkva ylw
88. AssZztXmla]qmla_mtlym
la\cx
t{imXmlaZotLmlahytmla\mabx
89. AZzbm\hnm\Lt\m kvaylahn{Ibx
A\ntmlatemt]mlaIm
kvaylaZzbx
90. AhnZymImcylot\mlahm{Klk\tKmNcx
Aev t]mlatimtImlahnIevt]mkva y
hnze
Rm hmbpclnX\pw, BImiclnX\pw, tXtPmc
lnX\pw, Ahy`nNmcnbp, Atb\pw, PclnX\pw,
AXnkqva\pw AhnImcnbpw kXzcPkvXtamclnX\pw
KpWmXoX\pw, ambmclnX\pw, A\y\pw AhnjbI\pw
AssZzX\pw, A]q\pw _mlym`yclo\\pw,
t{im{XclnX\pw, AZoL\pw, Ahy\pw, hym[nc
lnX\pw AhnImcnbpw CmclnX\pw AImhpw
Ate]\pw AZzb\pw B\kzcq]\pw hnm\L
\\pw AhnImcnbpw CmclnX\pw AImhpw
Ate]\pw AZzb\pw AhnZymP\nXImcylo\\pw
A\ev]\pw timIclnX\pw \nhnIev]\pw hntijmnclnX\pamIpp.

91. BZnaymlot\mlamImikZr
timkva ylw
BssNX\ycqt]mlalam\NnZvL \x
92. B\marXcqt]m lamkwtmlacx
BImtamlamImimXv ]camt
iztcmkv aylw
93. Cuimt\mkva ylaotUymlalapa
]pcpjx
DXvI rjvtSmlap]{ZjvSmAlapcXtcm
kvaylw

595

I 94.

tIhtemlw IhnxImytmlw
IcWm[n]x
Kplmi bmlwtKm]vXmlw Npjp
ckv aylw

95. NnZm\tmkvaylw tNXm NnZvL\\ntbm

kvaylw
tPymXntbmkv aylwPmbmtymXnjmw
tPymXnckva ylw
Rm BZna[ymclnX\pw, BImikZriy\pw,
BssNX\ycq]\pw B\NnZvL\\pw B\marX
cq]\pw, BkwnX\pw Ac\pw BIma\pw
BImin ]cm]ctaizckzcq]\pw Cuim\\pw
]qPy\pw, Da]pcpj\pw DXvIrjvS\pw D]{ZjvSmhpw
]cmXv] c\pw tIhe\pw Ihnbpw Imym\pw
IcWm[n]Xnbpw Kp]vXmib\pw tKm]vXmhpw t\{X
p t\{XhpamIpp. Rm NnZm\\pw tNX\sb
{]Zm\w sNph\pw NnZvL\\pw Nnb\pw tPymXn
b\pw, tPymXnpIfn shv t{ijvTamb tPymXnp
amIpp.

96. Xakx kmylw XpcyXptcymlw

Xakx ]cx
Znthym tZthmkvan ZpZtim ZrjvSm[ymtbm
{[pthmkva ylw
97. \ntXymlw \nchtZymlw \njv{Intbmkvan
\ncRvP\x
\ntem \nhnIevt]mlw \ncmJymtXm
kvan\nex
98. \nnImtcm \nXy]qtXm \nptWm
\nkv ]rtlmkva ylw
\ncn{ntbm \nbmlw \nct]tmkvan
\njvIex
99. ]pcpjx ]camlw ]pcmWx ]ctamkvaylw
]cmhtcmkvaylw ]qx
{]`pckvan ]pcmX\x
]qm\ssIt_mt[mlw
{]XytKIctkmkva ylw
Rm AImcn kmnbpw Xpcynsbpw
Xpcy\pw, AImcn\pw ]caamb ZnhytZhkzcq]\pw
Zpi\pw ZrjvSnm[mcamb {[ph\pw, \nXy\pw,
\ntmj\pw, \njv{Inb\pw, \ncRvP\pw, \ne\pw,
\nhnIev]\pw, \ncmJymX\pw \ne\pw, \nhnIm
c\pw, kZm]hn{X\pw, \nct]\pw, \njv I f\pw,
]ca]pcpj\pw, ]capcmW\pw, ]cm]c\pw, {]m\pw,
{]]tm]ia\pw ]carX\pw ]pcmX\ ]q{]`phpw

]qm\\pw GIt_m[cq]\pw GIckcq]\pam

Ipp.

101. {]mtXmlw {]imtmlw {]Imix

]ctaizcx
GI[m Nnyamt\mlw ssZzXmssZzX
hneWx
102. _ptmlw `qX]mtemlw `mcpt]mlw
`Khm\lw
alttbm alm\mkvan almttbm
atlizcx
103. hnaptmlw hn`pclwhtcWymhym
]tImkva ylw
sshizm\tcm hmkptZthm hnizX
pckva ylw
104. hnizm[ntImlwhnitZm hnjvWphnizIr
Zkv aylw
iptmkva nip{Ix imtmkva niiztXmkva n
inthmkv aylw
105. kh`qXmcmml\\kva nk\mX\x
AlwkIrZzn`mtXmkv antkz
alnav\n kZmnXx
Rm {]m\\pw, {]im\pw, {]Imicq]\pw,
]ctaizc\pw, ssZzXmssZzXpw `namb GI
Nnyam\\pw, _p\pw `qX]meI\pw {]Imikzcq]
\pamb `Khm\pw almtb\pw, alm\mb atliz
c\pw hnap\pw hn`phpw t{ijv T\pw, sshizm\c\pw
hmkptZh\pw, hnizNpkzcq]\pw hnizm[nI\pw
hnizImhmb hniZ\pw hnjv W phpw ip\pw
imkzcq]\pw, imizX\pw, inh\pw, khm`qXm
cmmhpw, kzalnabn nXnsNbv X psImv
Ftmgpw {]Imiam\\mbncnph\pamIpp.

106. khmcx kzbw tPymXnx khm[n]

Xnckva ylw
kh`qXm[nhmtkmlwkhhym
]okzcmUlw
107. kakvX kmo khmm
kh`qX Kplmibx
kth{nbKpWm`mkx kth{nb
hnhnXx
108. m\{XbhyXotXmlwkhm\p
{KmltIm kvaylw
knZm\]qmm khpt{]am
kv ]tZmkv aylw

596

I 109. knZm\amt{Xmlwkz{]Imtim
kvanNnZvLn\x
kzkzcq]km{Xknkhm
tImkv aylw
110. khm[njvTnXkm{Xx kzm_\
ltcmkva ylw
khKymtkmkvaylw kh{ZjvSm
kczm\p`qclw
Ghw tbm thZ Xtz\ sskh
]pcpj DNytX CXyp]\njXv
Rm khmc\pw tPymXnkzcq]\pw khm[n]
Xnbpw kakvX`qXfpw Fn XsbmWv hknp
Xv. Rm khym]nbpw, km{ampamIpp. Rm

XsbmWv khn\pw kmn. Rm khmmhpw

kh`qXfpsSbpw, Kplymib\pamIpp. Rm
kt{nbclnX\pw BIpp. Rm m\{XbmXo
X\pw Fmhscbpw A\p{Klnph\pamIpp. Rm
XsbmWv FmhcpsSbpw t{]an\v Bkv]Zambncn
p knZm\]qmmhv. Rm knZm\am
{X\pw kzbw {]Imi\pamb NnZvL \cq]\pamIpp.
Rm kXykzcq]\pw, km{X\pw knnbpw khmmhpamIpp. Rm khm[mccq]\pw, kXykzcq]\pw
kzmm_\lmhpw BIpp. Rm Fmhtc
bpw {Kknph\pw, Fmw ImWph\pw, khm\p`
hcq]\pamIpp. C{]Imcw Xzw {Klnph\mWv
]pcpj Fv Cu D]\njp ]dbpp.
{_hntZym]\njv kam]np

{_tm-]-\n-jv

imna{w
Hmw k l \ mh h X p k l \ u ` p \ p
klhocyw Ichmhl tXPkzn\m h[oX akvXp
amhnZznjmh ssl Hmw imnx imnximnx
]c{_w Rsf cpt]cpw Hcpanv cns.
R cpt]cpw Hcpanv aptmp t]mIs Hcpanv
IgnhpI {]Zinns. RfpsS A [yb\w
tXPkznbmIs R Ielnm CShcmXncns.
Hmw imnx imnx imnx

1. AYmky ]pcpjky NXzmcn m\m\n `hn

\m`nlrZbw IWvTw aq[m N X{X NXpjv]mZw
{_ hn`mXn PmKcntX {_m kz]vt\ hnjvWp
kpjp]vX u cp{ZkvX pcobacw k BZntXym
hnjvWptizc kzbaa\kvIat{im{Xa]mWn
]mZw tPymXn hnZnXw b{X temIm \temIm tZhm
\ tZhmthZm \ thZm b\ bm amXm \
amXm ]nXm \ ]nXm kv\pjm \ kv\pjm NWvU
tem \ Nmex ]uev kx {iatWm \ {iaWx
Xm]tkm \ Xm]kx GItah XXv ]c{_
hn`mXn \nhmWw

3.

\ {X tZhm Ejb ]nXcx CtX {]Xn

_pkhhntZymXn

4. lrZnmx tZhXm khm lrZn {]mWm

{]XnjvTnXm lrZn {]mW tPymXn {XnhrXv
kq{Xw N XZznZp ssNXt\y XnjvTXn
5. bt m]h oX w ]c aw ]h n{Xw {]P m]
tXbXv klPw ]pckv X mXv Bbpjya{Kyw
{]Xnap ip{`w btm]hoXw _eakv X p
tXPx
1. icocn \m`n lrZbw IWvTw {_c{w Cu
\msew Bmhns hntijm\fmWv. Ahbn
\mep NcWfpff {_w {]ImibabamIpp. Pm{KXv,
kz]v\w, kpjp]vXn,Xpcobw CXmWv Bmhns \mev
AhI. Chbn P{Kn {_cq]nepw
kz]v \ n hnjvW p cq]nepw {]Imiabambn
`hnpp.Bmhv, a\v C{nb, Imev, ssI Ch
sbmpw CmXmWv. AXv {]Imiabambn Adnb
sSpp.
2. Cu Bmhv AXmbXv {_w temIn temIkz
cq]a. amXmhv amXrcq]ne, `oe `oecq]ne,

597

I k\ymkn k\ymknbpsS cq]ne, hm\{]n hm\{]

nbpsS cq]nepa, Fm Cu {_w kZm Hp
Xsbmbn \nhmW kzcq]ambn {]Iminpp.
3. Cu {_n tZhKWtfm EjnItfm ]nXypKWtfm Hcp Ignhpw Dsmffpn. m\w sImp
am{Xta AXns\ Adnbm km[nq. AXv hnZymkzcq
]amIpp.
4. Fm PohnIfpsSbpw lrZbn kakvX tZhXIfpw
\nesImffpp. lrZbnemWv {]mW. ]cammhv
aqp kzcq]n ImWsSpp. Cu XYyw kqNnnp
Xn\mbn aqp Cgbpff bkq{Xw AYhm ]qWq
[cnpp. AXns XXzadnbph AXv hniZampp.
]cammhv lrZbn ssNX\ykzcq]ambn hkn
pp.
5. AXns kqN\ \Ip btm]hoXw Ghpw
]cnipamWv. AXv BZys {]Pm]XntbmsSmw
DmbXmWv BbpjvIcamWXv. AXp a\nemn \o
Dzehpw Dahpamb btm]hoXw [cnWw. AXv
_eZmbIhpamWv.

6.

7.

8.

9.

k inJw h]\w IrXzm

_ln kq{Xw XytPXv _p[x
bZcw ]cw {_
XXv kq{X anXn [mctbXv
kq\mXvk q{XanXymlp
kq{Xw \ma ]cw ]Zw
XXv kq{Xw hnZn Xw tb\
k hnt{]mthZ]mcKx
tb\ khanZw t{]mXw
kqt{X aWnKWm Ch
XXv kq{Xw [mctbtZymKo
tbmKhnXzZinhm
_lnx kq{Xw XytPXv hnZzm
\tbmKXzap]mnXx
{_ `mhanZw kq{Xw
[mctbXv bx ktNX\x

10. [mcWmky kq{Xky

t\mnjvtSm \mipNn`thXv
kq{X aKXw tbjmw
m\btm]hoXn\mw
tX ssh kq{XhntZmtemtI
tX Xp btm] hoXn\x

6. inJtbmsSmw ap\w sNbvXXn\ptijw AXmbXv

k\ymknbmbXn\p tijw PmRm\nv {_kq{Xw
ssIshSnbmw bmsXmns\ Ahn\minbmb ]c{_
sav ]dbpp. AXp Xs Cu kq{Xns cq]n
sep {Klnp. AXns\ lrZbn [cnpI.
7. ]c{_w lrZbn IpSn sImffppshv ]dbp
Xv. kq{XsaXns Aw ]ca]ZsamWv. Cu
kq{Xns XXzw {Klnh {_mWthZ]mc
KmanbmWv.

8. NcSnt Ipcp tImnWpXpt]mse

]c{_n kakvX hnizhpw tImnWsn
cnpp. AXpsImASmWv kq{Xsa t] InnbXv.
XXz {ZjvSmfpw tbmKthmfpw Bbh CXv amdv
[cntXmWv.
9. Da tbmKamw ]npScp m\n ]pdsabpff
kq{Xw (]qWq) Dt]np sImffs. {_kzcq]s
AdnbpXmWv kq{Xw. Cu kq{Xw [cnph AtX
ssNX\y kzcq]w Xs. Cu kq{Xw [cnpXp sImv
a\pjy A]hn{X\mIpn.
10. m\amIp btm]hoXw [cnp ]pcpjmcpsS lrZbn {_cq]amb kq{Xw Dv. As\bpffhcmWv kq{Xns hmkvXhnInXn a\nempXv. AhcmWv bYmnepff bm]hoXw
[cnph.

11.

m\ inJnt\m m\\njvTm
m\ btm]hoXn\x
m\tah ]cw tXjmw
]hn{Xw m\apNytX

12. Atcnh inJm \m\ym

bky m\abo inJm
k inJoXypNytXhnZzm
tXtc tIi [mcnWx
13. IaWy[nIrXm tb Xp
sshZnIm {_mWmZbx
ssXXc`n[mXyanZw kq{Xw
{InbmwKw Xn ssh kvarXw
14. inJm m\abobky
D]hoXw N Xbw
{_mWyw k^ew Xky
CXn {_ hntZm hnZpx

598

I 15.

CZw bPvtRm]hoXw Xp
]caw bXv ]mcmbWw
k hnZzm btm]hoXn
kymXv kXw bn\w hnZpx

11. m\amIp inJ tNhcpw m\n Xs

\njvT tNcphcpw BbhcpsS btm]hoXs
kw_nmsWn bYm m\amWv Ahsc
]cnipcmpXv.
12. bmsXmcp hynv AninJnsbt]mse m\nsXmb inJtNcpp. Abmv thsdmcp inJ
th, Ahs\bmWv bYm inJm[mcnbmbpw m\n
bmbpw KWntXv.
13. sshZnIv A[nImcnbmbnpff {_mW
]qWq [cntXpv. FpsImsm AXns\
{InbbpsS AwKambn kzoIcnsncnpp.
14. bmsXmcphs inJ m\abnbmWv AbmfmWv{_thmhv. AXpt]mse m\abamb btm
]hoXapffh\mWv {_mWXzns ]qn tN
h.
15. m\w XsbmWv btm]hoXw. AXpXs
bmWv kht{ijvTw. AXn\m PvRm\nbmWv bYm
n btm]hoXw [cnph. AbmfmWv icn
bmb bPzmhv.

16. GtIm tZh kh `qtXjp KqVx khhym]o

khhym]o
kh`qXmcmm Im[yx
kh `qXm[n
hmkx kmo tNXm tIhtem \nKpW
17. GtImhio kh`qXmcmm
GIw cq]w _lp[m bx ItcmXn
Xamw tb\p ]iyn [ocm
kvtXjmw imnx imizXo t\Xtcjmw
18. Bm\acWnw IrXzm
{]Whw tNmcmcWnw
[ym\ \nY\m`ymkm
t{Xw ]tiyn KqVhXv
19. Xntejp ssXew Z[\oh kn
cw]x t{kmXx kzcWojp Nmn
Gham\y]n PmbtX fku
ktXyss\\w X]km tb f\p ]iyXn

20. Du\m`n bYm X\q

krtX kwlXy]n
Pm{KXv kz]vt\ XYm Pothm

KXymKtX ]p\x
16. GI\mb ]cammhv FmPohnIfnepw KqV\pw
khhym]nbpw kIe `qXfpsSbpw Acmmhpw
kIecpsSbpw Isf \nban _np
h\pw kIe PohnIfpsSbpw kmnbpw ssNX\ykzcq
]\pw ip\pw \nKpW\pamIpp.
17. B GI\pw kIeXns\bpw himph\pw
kIe`qXfpsSbpw Acmmhpamb bmsXmv Xs
GIamb cq]w At\I {]Imcn {]ISampp.
AXns\ bmsXmcp _pnam Xn HXpnbncnp
Xmbn ImWpp, Ahp am{XamWvimn, A\y.
18. Bmhns\ Xmgs AcWnbmbpw Hmmcs
apIfnes AcWnbmbpw Xov [ym\amIp IStIm
epsImv ISv A{]ISamb Bmhns\ kmmXvI
cnWw.
19. F{]Imcw Fffn Fbpw ssXcn s\pw {]hml
n Pehpw hndIn Anbpw A{]IScq]n \nesImffpp. AXpt]mse Bmhpw \psS Dffn
\nesImffpp. B Bmh vX]psImpw kXyw
sImpw {]ISamIpp.
20. FpImen F{]Imcw \qepI ]pdsSppIbpw
Ah Xntev henpIbpw sNpp. AXpt]mse
Pohmmhpw Pm{KZhbnepw kz]v\mhbnepw
hpw t]mbpancnpp.

21. t\{Xw PmKcnXw hnZymXv

IWvt T kz]v\ w kamhntiXv
kpjp]vXw lrZbkvX w Xp
Xpcobw aqZ[v\n kwnXw
22. btXm hmtNm \nht
A{]m]y a\km kl
kv] taXohky
bmXzmapNytX _p[x
23. khhym]n\amm\w
otc kncnhnXw
BhnZymXt]maqew
XZv {_tm]\njXv]Zw
XXv{_tm]\njXv ]ZanXn
21. Pm{KZhbnse sshizm\cs\p t]cpff Bmhv
t\{Xnencnpp. kz]v\ mhbnse ssXPk

599

I Bmhv lrZbn, \memasXmb Xpcobmh

bn Bmhv {_c{nencnpp Cs\
a\nemtXpv.
22. bmsXmcnSv a\pjys hmWnbpw a\pw sN
m km[npn, As\bpff Bmhns

m\s a\nemn m\nbmb hyn ap\m

bnocpp.
23. ]men s\st]mse kIeZnnepw hym]vXamb
Bmhv X]n\m {]m]nm Ignbpw Cu Bmhv
XsbmWv {_w. CXmWv D]\njpIfpsS ]ca]Zw.
{_tm]\njv kam]np.

`np-tIm-]-\n-jv

imn-]mTw
Hmw ]q-aZx ]q-anZw ]qmXv ]qpZ-NytX ]qky ]qm-Zmb ]q-tahm hinjytX

[cnv a[p amwkw Fnh hnv {_jn- am-cpsS Krln \npw Fv Dcp-f-am{Xw Blmcw Ign-p- Ibpw tbmKamw aptJ\ tamw At\z-jn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.

4. AY lwkm \ma {Kma GI-am{Xw \Ktc ]- m{Xw XZp-]cn Xh-tkbpwx

Cu ]c-{_ ]q-am-Ip-p. Cu {]]-hpw ]q- cm{Xw tt{X k]vXc
- mam-Ip-p. ]qmb ]c-{_--n \nv ]q-amb Cu tKmaq-{X-tKm-a-bm-lm-cntWm \nXyw Nm{m-b-W-]c
{]]-- ap-m-Ip-p. ]q-n \npw ]qw FSpp bWx tbmtK tam-am-tah {]m-bt
Ign-mepw ]qw Xs Ah-ti-jn-p-p.

1. AY `nqWmw tammn\x IpSo-N-I-_lp-Z-I-lw-k-]-c-a-lw-tkm-tXn NXzmcx

tamw Imwn-p `np-, IpSo-N-I, _lqZ-I, lwk, ]c-a-lw-k Fo \mep {]Im-c-n-ep-v.

2. IpSo-NnIm \ma KuXa `c-ZzmP bm-hevIy

hkn-j v T - { ]- ` r- X tbm AjvS u {Kmkmw- -c tm
tbmK amt tam-tah {]m-bt
IpSo-Nn-I F hn`m-K-n s]Sp k\ym-kn-KuX-a `c-Zzm-P bm-he
- vIy hkn-jvT Fn-h-sctmse Fp Dcp-f-I am{Xw `n-p-sImv tbmK-am-n IqSn tamw tXSp-p.

3. AY _lq-ZtIm \ma {XnZ--I-a-ep inJmb-tm-]-ho-XI

- m-jmb hkv{X-[m-cntWm {_jnKrtl a[p-amwkw hP-b nXzm AjvTu-{Km-k
ss`m-N -cWw IrXzm tbmK-amt tam-tah
{]m-bt
_lq-Z-I F hn`m-K-n s]Sp k\ymkn
{XnZw Ia-ep inJm kq{Xw Imjm-b-hkv{Xw Fnh

lwk-hn-`m-K-n s]Sp k\ym-kn-am {Kman

Hcp cm{Xnbpw \K-c-n Ap cm{Xnbpw t{X-n
Ggp cm{Xnbpw am{Xw hkn-p-p. Ah tKmaq-{X-tKm-a-bmlm-cn- Ifpw \nXyhpw Nm{m-bW {hXw A\p-jvTn-p- - hcpw
BWv. Ch tbmK-am-n IqSn tamw tXSp-p.

5. AY ]c-a-lwkm \ma kwh-Im-cp-Wn-tizX

tIXp PU-`-cX Zm-t{Xb ipI hma-tZh lmcoX-{]-`r-Xtbm Au {Kmkmw--ctm tbmK amt
tam-tah {]m-bt hr-aqte iq\y-Krtl
ivaim\ hmknt\m hm kmw_ cm hm ZKw-_cm
hm \ tXjmw [m-[ em`m-em`u ipm-ipu
ssZzX-h PnXm ka-tem-j vS m Im\m khhtjp ss`m-N-cWw IrXzm kh-{Xm-ssthXn ]iyn AY PmX-cq-]-[-cm-\nZzzmx \njv]cn-{Klm ip-[ym\ ]cm-bWm B-\njvTm {]mW
km-c-Wmw btYm Imte ss`-am-Nc
- x
iq\ym-Kmc tZh-Kr-l -X r-W-I q-S -h-e vao-I-h r--aqe
Ipem-e-i m-em-n-tlm{X imem-\-Zo-]p-fn-\ -Kn-c n-I- -cIp-lc tImSc \nQ-c-
nte X{X {_-amt kayIv km ip-am-\kmx ]c-a-lw-k m-

600

I Nc tW\ k\ym-tk\ tZl-XymKw hn tX ]c-

fn \npw `Ww Ign-p-p. kh-`q-X--sfbpw Xsf-tmse ImWp-p. \-mcpw \nZz-z-mcpw A]-cn-{Ka-lwkm \mtaXyp]\n-jXv
l-cp-am-W-h. ip-[ym-\-sa tbmK-\n-e-ssI-sm-p-]c-a-lw-k F hn`m- K- n s]Sp k\ym-kn-am
hcpw B-\n-jvT-mcpw Pohn-m thn-am{Xw `n
kwh-I Bcp-Wn, tizX-tI-Xp, PU-`-c- X, Zm-{XtXSp- - hcpw iq\y- m-\--fntem tZhm- e- b- - entem B{Kb, ipI-tZ-h, hma-tZ-h, lmco-X, Fn-h-sc- tmse
a--fntem hmevao- I- ntem hr- p-h-ntem Ipi-h-m- cpsS
Fp Dcpf am{Xw `nv tbmK- am- nIqSn tams
hoSp-I-fntem b-im-e-I-fntem \Zo Xoc--entem Kncn-KAt\z-jn--p. Cu ]c-a-lw-k-m hr aqe-If
- ntem
lz-c--fntem Ipntem Ipgn-bntem Acp-hn-If
- ntem HmSiq\y Krl--entem ivaim-\m-Zn-I-fntem hkv{Xw [cntm
I-fntem Ign-p-Iq-Sn. {_-am-]-cm-b-W-cmbn ip-Nnhkv{Xw [cn-m-sXtbm hkn-p-p. Ahv [m-cmbn ]c-c-a-lw-kv hn[n-n-p BNm-c- A\p[m-Zn-I-sf--ntbm em`m-em-`--sf--ntbm ipm-ip-mjvTnv k\ym-k-m tZl-XymKw sNp--hcpw BWv.
Xn-Is
- f--ntbm Nn- bn-. Ahv ssZzX-`m-h-an-. apw
]c-a-lw-k-m Fp ]d-b-s-Sp Ch hnin--cm-Wv.
s]mpw cXv\hpw kam-\-ambn Icp-Xp-p. Fm h-`np-tIm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

Q
3
aWv
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e
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t
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v
1
Hmw. ]q-aZx ]q-an-Zw. ]qmXv ]qap-Z-Ny-tX. ]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]q-tahm
hin-jy-tX. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
]c-{_w ]q-am-Ip-p. Cu PKpw ]q-amIp-p. ]q-amb ]c-{_--n \nv ]q-amb PKv
Dev]-a
- m-Ip-p. Cu ]q {_-n \np ]qamb PKv amn-\nn-bmepw ]q-amb {_w Ahti-jn-p-p. Hmw. imnx imnx imnx

{]Ya {_mWw
1. bm-hevtIym l ssh alm-ap-\n-cm-ZnXy temIw
PKm-a. Xam-ZnbvXp \Xzmt`m `K-h-m-Zn-Xym XXza\p {_qlo-Xn. k tlmhmN \mcm-bWx m\
klnX bam-Zy-jvSmwK tbmK DNy-tX. intXm-jvWmlmc \n{Zm-hn-Pbx khZm imn \n-eXz hnjtb-{nb \n{K-ls
- stX bamx
Kpcp- ` nx kXy- a mm-\ p- c - n. apJm- b X
hkvX\p `h XZz-kvXm-\p-`t- h\ XpjvSn\n-kwKXm GIm hmtkm at\m-\ n-h r- n. ^em\
`nemjo sshcmKy `mh \nbamx
kpJm- k - \ - h r- n- nc hmk- X - s - h m- k \
\nbtam `h-Xn. ]qcI Ipw`-I-tc-NssIx tjmUi

NXpx- j jv Sn Zzm{Xnw iXv kwJybm bYm-{Iaw

{]mWm-bmax hnj-tb`yx C{n-bmnt`ym at\m\n-tcm-[\ {]Xym-lmcx hnj-hym-h ]qhIw
ssNX-t\ym-tN-X-m-]\w [mcWw `h-Xn. khi-co-tcjvS ssNX-ss\y-IX
- m-\Xm [ym\w. kh-ico-tcjvS ssNX-ss\y-IX
- \
- m-\Xm [ym\w. [ym\-hnkvarXnx kam[nx Ghw kqvam KXnx b Ghw
thZ kap-n-`mKv `h-Xn.
alm-ap-\n-bmb bm-he
- vIy kqcy-tem-I-n
t]mbn kqcy-tZ-hs\ \a-kvI-cnv tNmZnp: ""`K-hm-s\,
kqcy tZh, Av Fs B-XXzw D]-tZ-in--Ww.
AXp-tIv kqcy-\m-cm-b-W ]dp: m\-tmSv
tNv bam-Zn-Isf AjvSmw-Kt- bmKw Fv ]d-bp-p.
ioXw, DjvWX
- , Blm-cw, \n{Z Ch-bn hnPbw kZm
imn, \n-eX C{n-b--fn \nb-{Ww Ch-bmWv
baw. Kpcp-`-n, kXy-am-n
{]oXn Inp--Xn- kwXr-]vXn, A\m-k-n, GIm-hm-kw, a\-ns \nb-{Ww kpJ-ambn Gsd-t\cw
Htc \ne-bn Ccn-p-hm Ignhp Ch Bhiyam-Wv.
]Xn-\m-dp-am-{X-bn ]qc-Iw, Adp-]n \mep am{X-bn
Ipw`-Iw, ap-n-cp am{X-bn tcN-Iw-C-XmWv {]mWmbm-a-ns kz`mhw. C{n-b-hn-jb
- --fn\npw a\-

601

I ns\ ]nh-en-p-Xv {]Xym-lm-c-am-Ip-p. hnj-b-fn \nv ]nn-cn-n a\-ns\ ssNX-\y-n-ep-d

- np- -X mWv [mc- W . kI- e - i - co-c - nepw Htc Hcp
ssNX\yw am{Xtabpq. B \ne-bn-ep nc-X-bmWv
[ym\w. [ym\-s--sbpw hnkva-cn-p--XmWv kam[n. CXmWv {]mWm-bm- a-ns kqvamw-K-. Ch Adnbp-h
- apnv Al-\m-Ip-p.

2. tZlky ] tZmjmx `hn Ima- t {Im[

\nizmk `b \n{Zmx Xn-cm-kk
- vXp, \nx kw-ev]am eLzm lmcm-{]-am-Zm XXztam Z\w. \n{Zm`-b-k-co-kr]w lnwkmZn XcwKw XrjvW, hw
Zzmc]w kwkm-c-hm[nw XcnXpw kqvam-ah-e w_y kXzmZn KpWm-\-{Xn-{Iay Xmc-I-a-ht- emI-tbXx `qa-[y-k-n-Zm-\ tXPx IqS-cq]w XmcIw
{_ XZm-]yp-]mbw ev{X-bm-h-tem-I\
- w.
aqem-[m-cm-Zm-{_-c
- -{-]-cyw kpjp-av \m-kqcym-`m. Xty XSnXv tImSn kam arWm-f-Xp
kqvam IpWvU-en-\o. X{X-Xtam \nhrnx
XZvZ i-\m kh ]m]-\n-hrnx XP\y
t{Kmo-enX I-c -{tb ^qXvIm-c-i-_vtZm-P mbtX X{X- ntX a\kn Npay tPymXnx
]iyXn Ghw lrZ-tb-]n. _ln eyw Xp\mkmt{K NXpx jU-j vS-Z-i -Zzm-Z-i mw-Kp-eo`nx {Iamoe ZypXn iyma Xz l Zr `wKo-p-cXv ]oXh-Zz-tbm-t]Xw thymaXzw ]iyXn k XptbmKo. Ne-\Z- rjvSym thyma `mK-ho-nXpx ]pcp-jky
ZrjvSy-t{K-tPym-Xn abpJm h-t, XZvZrjvSnx
ncm `h-Xn. iotjm-]cn ZzmZ-imw-Kp-e-am-\-tPymXn. ]iyXn XZm arXz taXn.
a[y-eyw Xp {]mX-n{Xm Zn h kqcy
N{-hn Pzmem heo-h Zznlo-\m--co--h-Xv.
]iy-Xn. XZm Imcm-Imco `h-Xn. A`ym-km-nhnImc KpW-cl
- n-Xm-Imi `h-Xn. hnkv^p-c
- m-cI
- mImc KmV-Xtam hiw ]cm-Imiw `h-Xn. kthmXvIrjvS ]c-a-Xzo-Xnb {]tZym-Xvam\ XXzm-Imiw
`h-Xn. tImSn kqcy-{]-Im-i-k-miw `h-Xn. Gh-a`ym-km-
- tbm `h-Xn. b Ghw thZ.
2. Imaw, t{Im[w, \nizm-kw, `bw, \n{Z Ch ico-c
- ns
Ap tZmj--fm-Ip-p. k-ev]-c-ln-X-X, a, Aev]mlm-cw, \n`-b-X, XXz-Nn-\w Ch Cu tZmj- AIm D]-Ic
- npw bmsXm-n \n{Zbpw `bpw k-cq-hamWv; lnwk Xnc-am-e-I-fmWv; XrjvW Npgn-bmWv; kv{Xo
Nfn-bm-W v. A-s \-bpevf kwkm-c-k m-K-c- n\nv
Ac IS-p--Xn\v kqva-am-a-h-ew-_nv kXzm-ZnKp-W--f-h-ew-_nv Xmc-I-{_-s [ym\n-W
- w. cp
]pcn-I --fpsS a[y-n-emWv Xmc-I{- _-w. A`ymkw
sImv AXv km[n--Ww. AXns D]m-b-sa \ne-bn

aqp ey- ImW-Ww. aqem-[mcw apX {_-c{w

hsc kpjpav\ Fp t]cp kqcy-k-am-\a
- mb Hcp
\mUn-bp-v. Xma-c-h-fbw t]mse kqva-amb IpWvU-en\n-bp-v. AXn-\m Xtam-KpWw Zqc-n-em-Ip-p. AXns
Zi-\
- m kh-]m-]hpw AI-ep-p. NqmWn hnc
sImv cp sNhnbpw AS-m sNhn--I-p-\nv ""`q''
F i_vZw tImw. AXn a\-p-d
- n-m t\{X
a[y-n Hcp-tPym-Xnp ImWm km[n-pw. AXpt]mse lrZ-b-nepw ImWmw. ]pd-sa-bp eyw
CXmWv aqn\nv \mev, Bdv, Fv, ]v, ]{v
AwKpew Zqc-n {ItaW \oenpw Idppw Npapw
a-pw, D \nd--fpsS an{iWw BIm-i
- n-se-t]mse tbmKnv ImWm Ign- bp-p. N-e-Zr-jvSn-tbmsS
BIm-i
- ns a[y-`m-Kv t\mp hynv Hcp
{]tXyI tXP-In-cWw ImWm Ignbpw AXv nc-ambn
\ne-sIm-pw. inc-ns apI-fn ]{v AwKpew \ofap {]Imiw ImWm Ign-bp-tm tbmKnv Aa-cXzw
knn-p-p. a[y-eyw CXmWv {]`m-X-n kqcy,
N{, An, Pzme Cu amXr-I- bnepw Ah-bn-m Acow t]msebpw Hcp Zriyw ImWm km[n-p-p. Ahkm\w tbmKnv \nhn-Im-chpw KpW-c-ln-X-hp-amb BImi-n\v Xpey-amb Ah `h-np-p. amlm-Im-i-ns
Zi-\hpw tbmKnv e`n-pw. alm-Imiw {]Im-ia
- m-\-fmb \-{X- \nd an- ep A-Im-c-]q-sa
anepw Zriy-am-Ip-p. {]f-bmn cq]-nepw alm-Imew
A\p-`-h-s-Smw. XXz-Imi Zi-\hpw km[n-pw. IqSmsX
tImSn-W
-
- n\v kqcy-m DZn-m-se-t- ]m-ep kqcymIm-ihpw ZrjvSn tKmN-c-am-Imw. AX-dn-bp--h A`ym-km AXn X-b-\m-Ip-p.

3. XtZymKw N Zzn[m hnn ]qthm-c hn`m-KXx

]qhw Xp XmcIw hnZymXv Aa-\kvIw
XZp--c-anXn
XmcIw Zznhn-[w. aqn Xmc-Ia
- -aqn
Xmc-I-an-Xn.
bZn-{n-bmw Xqn Xmc-Iw. bZv
{`qbp-Km-XoXw
XXv aqn Xmc-Ia
- n-Xn. D`-b-a]n at\m-bp-a-`y-tk-Xv.
at\m-bp-m-c ZrjvSn-kvXm-cI
{]Im-imb `h-Xn.
{`qbp-Ka
- -[y-_nte tXPkx Bhn`mhx
GXXv ]qh
XmcIw Dcw Xza-\k
- vIw,
Xmeq-aq-tem[z-_mtK
alm-tPym-Xn hnZy-tX. Xi\m
ZWn-amZn knnx

602

ety _mlymbmw ZrjvtSm

\nta-tjmt
j hPn-Xmbmw N Cbw imw`ho ap{Zm
`h-Xn. kh-X
t{jp tKm]ym alm-hnZym `h-Xn.
XXv mt\\ kw
kmc \nhr-n. XXv]q-P\w tam ^e-Zw.
A eyw Pe-tPymXnx kzcq]w `h-Xn.
aljn thZyw
A _mly-an-{n-ssb-c-Zr-iyw.
]qthm-c hn`m-K
- -fm Cu tbmKw cp hn[n-ep-v. ]qh-hn-`mKw Xmc-I-{_-hpw D-ch
- n-`mKw
Aa-\-kvI-hp-am-Ip-p. XmcI {_w cp-hn-[-n-ep-v.
aqn Xmc-Ihpw Aaqn Xmc-I-hpw. C{n-b-sf
am{Xw kw_-n- Xv aqn Xmc- Iw. cp ]pcnIpw
aty-bp-Xv Aaqn-Xm-c-Iw. CXp cn-s\bpw a\km
A`y-kn-t--Xp-v. ImcWw at\m-bp-a
- mb A
ZrjvSn-bmWv Xmc-I-{_-s ImWp--Xn\v ka-am- p-Xv. AsX-p-Sv cp ]pcn-I--fp-sSbpw at[y-bp
Zzmc-n \nv tXP-ns Bhn`m-h-ap-m-Ip-p. CXv
]qh hn`m-K-cq-]-amb Xmc-I-amWv; D-ch
- n-`mKw at\m-cln-X-am-Ip-p. Xmep-hns Nph-nse apI `mKv almtPym-Xn-p-v. AXv Zin-m Ign-m AWn-am-Zn-knn-I e`n-p-p. ey-ns AIpw ]pdpw
ZrjvSn \nn-ta-jhpw nc-hp-am-Ip-tm imw`-ho-ap{Z
kw`-hn-p-p. CXv Hcp Xm{n-I-amb alm-hn-Zy-bm-Wv.
AXv Adn- bm Ign-m {]m]-n-IX AIepw AXns
]qP\w tam-Zm-b-Ia
- m-Wv. A ey-amb Pes
tmse AXv tPymXn kzcq-]a
- m-Wv. aljn-amt AXv
I-dn-bm km[n-q. _mlyhpw B-cn-Ih
- p-amb C{nb-v AXv hnj-b-a-.

4. kl-{kmtc Pe-tPym-Xn-c-eyw _pn-K plmbmw khmw-K-kp-cw ]pcp-j-cq-]a

- -e-y-anXy-]-tc. iojm-K-X-a-WvUe
- -a-[yKw ]-h-{hp-am-kl
- mbw \oe-IWvTw {]im--a-e-y-anXn
tINn-Xv. AwKp-jvT -am{Xx ]pcp-tjm- ey-antXy-tI. D hnIev]w kh-am-ss-h. Xyw
ipm-Z- rjvSym hm bx ]iyXn k Gh {_\njvt Tm `h-X n. Pohw ]-hnw-i Ix kzI-ev] nX
NXphnw-iXn XXzw ]cn-Xy-Py-j-Uh
v nwix ]c-amm
lanXn \n- b m- o- h - ptm _h- X n. Gh
a ey Zit\ Pohap-n-Z-im-bmw-kz-b-aftym `qXzm ]c-am-Im-im-J-WvU -a-WvUtem
`h-Xn.

Im-K-X-amb aWvU-e-ns a[y-n Ap-ap-J-ap-h\pw ]mhXo kln-X-\p-amb i-c AXn-im--amb

A ey-am-Ipp Fv ]ecpw Icp-Xp-p. tIhew
s]cp-hn-c-temfw t]m ]pcpj Ae-y-amWv Fv
Nne Nnn-p-p. Cu tZZ--sfmw Hmtcm Iev]-\-Ifm-Wv. GXp-cq-]-n-em-bmepw ip-amb ]c-{_-s
ImWp-- h-\mWv {_-\n-jvT. Poh Ccp-]--m-as
XXz-am-Wv. Iev]n-X--fmb Ccp- ]-n- \mep XXz-fpw hniI-e\w sNbvXv ""Rm Ccp-]n Bdm-a-t-Xmb ]c-amm-hm-Ipp'' F `mh\ ]q-ambn `hn-p--h Pohp--\m-bn-o-cpw. Cs\ A ey-ns ZiI Poh-p--\m-Ip-p. Ah kzbw Ae-y-ambn
Xov ]c-am-Imi cq]-amb AJ-WvU-aW
- vUew kzcq-]ambn `hn-p-p.
Hmw {_Ww Ign-p.

ZzXob {_mWw
AY l bm hev I y BZn- X y- a - W v U e
]pcpjw ]{]: ""`Kh eym-ZnIw _lpt[mw abm-X--mXx XZv {_qln alyw. XZqtlm-hm-N. ]`qX ImcWw XSn-XvIp-Sm`w XZz-Xp
]oT-w. Xty XXz-{]-Imtim `h-Xn. tkmXn
iqtVm hyx
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- vU-ew. XXvk-Kp-W-\nKpW
kzcq-]w. XtZzm hnap:
BZm-a- n-a-Wv U ew XZp-]cn kqcy-a -W vUew
Xt[y kp[m N{-a-WvU-ew. Xty AJ-WvU{_-t- X-tPm-a-WvUe
- w. XZv hnZyp-t-Jm-hXv ipZm-kz-cw. X-tZh imw`hn e-Ww.
XZv Z i- t \- {X-t bm- Z r-j vS bx Aam {]Xn- ] Xv
]qnam tNXn. \nao-en-XZ- i-\-am-ZrjvSnx Atmo-enXm {]Xn-]X
- v. kthm-o-e\w ]qnam `hXn. Xmkp ]qn-am-`ymkx Ihyx Xyw
\mkm{Kw XZm Xmep aqte KmV-Xtam ZriytX
X `- ` y m- k m- Z - J - W vU - a - W vU - e m- I m- c - t P y m - X n
ZriytX XtZh kn-Zm-\w {_-`-h-Xn.
Ghw kl-Pm-\t bZm at\m-e o-btX XZm
imw`ho `h-Xn. Xtah tJN-co-am-lp.

XZ- ` ym- k m- \x ss cyw. XtXm hmbp

sscyw. Xn-m\n BZu Xmc-Ih
- Xv Zriy-tX.
XtXm h{P- Z - W w. XXx ]cn- ] q N{- a - w. XtXm a[ymkl-{km-c-Z-f-n Pe-sa t]mse tPymXnv WvUew XtXm cXv\-{]-`m-a-WvUe
- w. XtXm hn inJm-a-WvUew
Ae-y-am-W.v _pn-bm-Ip Kpl-bn khmw-K-kp- m-Imi aWvUe
-c-\mb ]pcp-js kzcq]w A ey-am-Ip-p. akvX- {IamXv Zriy-tX.

603

]ns b-he
- vIy kqcy-a-WvUe
- -n Xma-knp ]pcp-j-t\mSv tNmZnp: ""`K-hm-s\, Aeyw
XpS-n-bh Av At\I {]Im-c-n ]d-p. F\nXp a\-n-em-bn-. AXv Av IpsdqSn hni-Z-ambn
]dp Xm-epw.'' Atm \mcm-bW ]dp:- ]`q-X
- -fpsS ImcWw anqw t]mse-bm-W.v AXn
Hcp NXpx-] o-T-ap- v. AXns a[y-n XXz-ns
{]Imiw `hn-p-p. AXv AXn-Kq-Vhpw Akv]j
- vS-hp-amWv. m\-am-Ip \uI-bn Ib-dn-b-ht\ AXv a\-nem-m Ign-bq. AXp Xs ]pd-sbpw AI-sbpw
eyw. B XXz-n temIw ebn-n-cn-p-p. AXv \mZ_np Ie-bpsS Ap-dv AJWvU aWvU-e-am-Wv. AXv
kKpW \nKpW kzcq-]-am-Ip-p. AXv Adn- m
apn t\Smw. BZys An aWvU-ea
- m-Wv. AXns
apI-fn kqcy-a-WvU-ew. AXns a[y-n AJWvU
{_-am-Ip tXtPm-aW
- vUew `hn-p-p. AXv an
]nWt]mse shfp- Xpw {]Im- i -a m- \ -h p- a m-I p- p.
AXmWv imw`-ho-ap-{Z-bpsS e-Ww. AXv Zin-m Ignm aqp aqn-cq]w ZrjvSn-bn s]Spw. Hv Aamhkym cq]w atXv {]Xn-]-Zm-cq]w atXv ]qnam cq]w.
\nao-enX ZrjvSn Aam-hmkym cq]-am-Ip-p. A-\n-aoenXw {]Xn-]Zm cq]w; Xpd In-sXv ]u-amko
cq]w. ZrjvSn-I-fn \nv ]qnam cq]-amb ZrjvSn-A-`ykn--Ww. AXns eyw \mkm-{K-am-Ip-p. Xmep-aq-en \nv KmV-amb A-Imcw ImW-s-Sp-tm
AXns A`ym-k- m AJ-W vU-a-WvU -em-Im-c -amb
tPymXn-ns Zi\w e`n-p-p. AXp Xs kn-Zm\ {_w. CXp-t]m-ep kl-Pm-\m--n a\v eo\am-Ip-tm Pohn-Iv imn e`n-p-p. AXns\
tJNco ap{Z-sbv ]d-bp-p. AXns A`ym-k-m
a\v Dd-b
v p-p; XpSv hmbp nc-am-Ip-p. AXns
Nnw C- s\-bmWv BZyw \-{X-s- tmse ImWpw.
]ns h{P-
- p-t]mse Zriy-am-Ipw. Im-Sn-t]m-sebpw
]q-N-{-s\-tm-sebpw \h-cXv\ {]`-t]m-sebpw aym
kqcy- Xp-ey-ambpw An- Pzmem kZr-iy- ambpw AXv Zriyam-Ip-p.

2. XZm ]n-am-`n-ap-J{- ]-Imix kv^SnI {[q{a-_np

\mZ-Iem \-{X-I-tZym-X-Zo-]-t\{X kph-\-hc-Xv\mZn {]`m Zriyt XtZh {]W-h-cq-]w.
{]mWm-] m-\-t bm-s scIyw IrXzm [rX Ipw`tIm-\m-km-{K-Zk\ ZrV-`m-h\
- b
- m-Zzo-Icmw Kpen`nx
jap-Jo-Ic
- -tW\ {]Whm [z\ow \n iay a\kvX{X en\w `h-Xn. Xky \ I-te] cth-cp-Zbm-kvX-a-btbmx Ine I Ihyw Ghw hn]n- Z m- Z n- X y- t k ym- Z - b m- k v X - a b `mhmXv kh
I`mhx

i_vZ-I m-e -e -tb\ Znhy-c m-{Xyp-XotXm `qXzm

kh-] -c n-] q- m-t\\ D-\ y-h - m-h - ti\
{_ss Iyw `h-Xn. D\ym Aa-\kvIw `h-Xn.

Xky \nnm [ym\w kh I \ncm-IcW amhm-l -\w. \n-b- m-\ -a m-k -\w. D-\ o`mhx ]mZyw kZm a\-kvI-aLyw. kZm-Zo]vXn c]mcm-arX hrnx kv\m\w. kh{X `mh-\m-Km ZrIv
kzcq-]m-h
m-\-a-Xmx NnZm]vXnx ]pjv]w. NnZn-kz-cq]x [q]x. NnZm-ZnXy kzcq-]]w Zo]x. ]cn]q N{m-a r-X ky GIo- I - c Ww ss\th- Z yw.
\n-eXzw {]Z-n-Ww. tkm l`mthm-\-a-kvImcx
a\w-k vXpXnx kh-k-tm-tjm-hn-kP-\ -an-Xn. b
Ghw thZ.

B L- n ]Sn- mdp `mKs {]Imiw

kv^ SnIw t]mse [q{a-h hpw \mZ-I e \{Xw
JtZymXw Zo]Iw \h-cX
- v\
- CtX ap-Xpw Bbn
{]Xy--s -Sp- p. AXv {]W-h -ns kzcq-] -am-Wv.
{]mWm-hm-\
- sf tbmPn-nv Ipw`Iw sN-Ww. ]ns
ZrjvSn aqns A{K-n tI{o-I-cnv ZrV `mh- \-tbmsS
cp ssII-fn-sebpw hnc-epIfm japJo ap{Z-Imn
{]Wh \mZw {ihn-p-I. AXn eo\-\m-bm Item]w Dm-hp-I-bn-. kqtcym-Zb
- -nepw AkvX-a-\nepw Zi\w \S-p-h
- v ap I- Bh-iyan-. i_vZI
- m-e--fpsS ebw Dm-hp-I-bm a\p-jy
Zn\-cm-{X-cl
- n-X-\m-bn-o-cp-p. kI-e-n-sbpw m\w
Dm-hp-I-bm Hcp D-\m-h
-bn-se-p-p. AXns
^e-ambn {_-hp-ambn sFIyw e`np-p. D-\m-h
at\m-c-ln-X-amb \ne-bm-Wv. \nn-Xm-h [ym\-am-Wv.
I-sf ssIsh-Sn-bp- I-bmWv AXns Blzm-\w. \nb- m-\-amWv Bk\w; at\m-c-ln-X-\m-I pI ]mZyw;
\nXyhpw at\m-c-ln-X-\m-IpI ALyw; \nXy-{]-Im-ihpw
A]mc AarX cq]-amb hrnbpw kv\m\w; {_ kam\-amb `mh\ N\w; Zi\ kzcq-]
- n \ne-sIm-pXv Acw; ssNX\y cq]-amb kqcys kzcq]w Zo]am-Ip-p. ]cn-]q N{s Aar-X-c-k-hp-ambn GIo-`mhw
ss\th-Zy-am- Ip-p. \n-e-X-bmWv {]Z- n-Ww; Rm AXp
Xs' Cu `mh-\-bmWv \a-kvImcw; au\w Xs kvXpXn;
kh-hn-[
- n-ep-ap ktmjw hnkP\w; CX-dn-bp-h {_-cq-]-am-bn-o-cp-p.

3. Ghw {Xn]p-Smbw \nc-kvXmbmw \nkvXc

- wK kap{Z-h - n-h m-X - nX Zo]-hXv Ne-] q-`m-h m-`mh
hnlo-\ -s sI-hey tPymXn`-h-X n. Pm{K- n-{`m
]cn- m- t \\ {_ hnZv ` - h - X n. kpj p]v X n
kamt[y at\m-e bm hnti-tj]n al-Z -kvX yp-`tbmt`Z kvXa-kn-eo-\-Xzm-apn tlXpXzm `mhm. kam[u arXn Xtam- h n- I m- c ky XZm- I mcm
ImcnXm JWvUm-Im-cr-Xym-I kmo ssNXt\y
{]]-e
- bx k-ZytX {]]-ky a\x Iev]nb
XzmXv. XtXm-t`-Zm-`m-hmXv IZm-NnXv _ln KtX
]n aYymXz `m\m-Xv. kIr-Z zn-`mX kZm-\-m-\p-`sshI tKmNtcm {_n--tZh `h-Xn. bky-k--

604

I e v] - \ mi x

\nhrym {]m CZm-\ o-a- o-X y-c -taI Ghw

m\-t`-Zm-Z-hm t`Zky ]cw Xp \ln aZ-\yZnXn PmX-hn-thIx ipm-ssZzX {_m-la
- nXn `nZmKw \ncky kzmhn-P rw-`nX `m\p-a -W vU e
[ym\-X-Zm-Im-c-cn-ImX ]c-{_--Im-cnX apn-amam-cqVx ]cn-]tIzm `h-Xn.

C{]- Imcw Ftm mXmhv tbw m\-cq]w

Cu {Xn]pSn Zqc-n-em-Ip-tm icocw Xcw-K-c-ln-X-amb
kap-{Z-n-s\mw hmbp cln-X-amb m\-p-sh hnfn-s\m-]w AN-ehpw A]qhpw `mhm-`m-h-c-ln-Xhpw
tIhew tPymXn-cq-]-hp-am-Ip-p, Pm{K-nepw \n{Z-bnepw
m\-m {_-th-m-hm-bn- o-cp-p. kpjp-]vXnbnepw kam-[n-bnepw a\-ns ebw kam-\-am-sW-nepw
cn\pw hfsc t`Z-ap-v. kpjp-]vXn-bn a\v Am\-n ebn-p--Xn-\m apnv Imc-Wa
- m-bn-o-cpn-. Fm kam-[n-bn Xtam-Kp-W
- ns hnImcw
\jvS-am-Ip-X
- n-\m XZm-Im-chpw AJ-WU
v m-Im-c-hp-ambn
`hn _pn-bpsS cq]-amb kmn ssNX-\y-n {]]-ns ebw kw`-hn-p- p. Fp-sIm-s- m
{]]w a\- n-emWv Iev]n-X-am-Ip--Xv. ]ns Hcp
t`Zhpw _mn \np-Ib
- n-. Cu Imc-W
- m-emWv
At\-I-{]m-hiyw kam-[n-b n \nv Pm{K-X-\m-bmepw
{]]w anYy-bmbn Adn-bp--Xv. Hcp {]mhiyw kZm-\s A\p-`-h-ap-m-bm B ]m{Xw Xs apJy-hn-jb
- am-bn-o-cpw. AtXmsS a\p-jy {_-th-m-hmbn `hnpw. k-ev]-\miw `hn--h\v apn Ic-KX
- a
- m-Wv. AXn\m `mhm `mh-sf XyPnv ]c-am-m-hns\ [ym\n-pI. AXp-Xs apn-p D]mbw. hopw hopw Hmtcm
Ah--bnepw mb-t-b--fp-sSbpw [ym\-t[y-b-fp-sSbpw eym-e-y--fp-sSbpw Zriym Zriy--fp-sSbpw
Dulm-t]m-lm-Zn-I-fp-sSbpw XymKw km[n-m a\p-jy
Poh-p--\m-Ipw. AX-dn-bp-h\v {_-km-m-Xvmcw
e`n-pw.

k-ev] m-ZnIw at\m-_--tlXp XZzn-bpw

at\m-tam- mb `h-Xn. XZzmw--p-c mZn _mly
{]]-tm-]-ctXm hnKX {]]-_
- x kh-PK
- Zm tXz\-] iyw Xzzmlw Itcm {_m-l a
kaoXn Nn-b-nZw khw bZ-bam tXaXn `mhbIr-XI
- rtXym `h-Xn.

4. ]m-hm Pm{KXv kz]v\-kp-jp]vXn kvXpcobm- X o- X m. Pm{KXn {]hrtm Pohx {]hrn

amm-kx ]m]-^-e\
- c
- -Im-Zn-amwkvXp ip`-I
kzK ^e akvXp CXn Imw-tX.
Ghw k Gh kzoIrX sshcm-KymXv I
^e Pm ew kwkm-c_
-
- \ ae-anXn hnap-ym`n-apJ \nhrn am-{]-hrtm `h-Xn.
k Ghw kwkm-c -X m-c - W mb Kpcp-a m-{ inXy
ImamZn Xyzm hnln-X-Iam-N-c km[-\N
- X
- p-jvSb-k-tm lrZ-b-Ia
- -e-at[y `K-hXv km-am-{Xmey cq]-am-kmZy kpjp-]vXy-h-mbm ap
{_m-\ kvarXn e_v[zx Gh GtIm-]-a-Zzn-Xobx
InwnXv Ime-a-m\ hrXym-hn-kvarX Pm{K-Zzmk
\ m\ p - ^ - t e \ s s Z P tk m k vaoX n X Z p - ` b

k y m k y ap n. I tc - n- X m.
XkvamXv `mh-`mhu ]cn-Xy-Py ]c-am--[ym-t\\
aptm `h-Xn. ]p\x ]p\x khm-h
m-kp-m\-tbu [ym\-t[zbu eym-ety Zriym
Zrtiy tNml-t]m-lmZn ]cn-Xy-Py Poh-ptm `hXn. k Ghw thZ.

PKXn kz]vaw kpjp-]vXn, Xpcobw Xpco-bm-XoXw

Fn-s\ Av Ah--I-fp-v. Ch-bn Pm{K-Z-h-bn hn-p--h {]hr-n-am-n Bk-\
- mIp-p. ]m]-^e
- -amb \c-Km-Zn-I A\p-`-hn-p-p. ip`I ^e-amb kzw F\np In-Ww. Cs\ Cnp hyn sshcmKyw ssIsm-p-p. I-^e
- ns cq]- n P-n\npw kwkm-c-_--\-n
\npw Abm ap-\m-bn-o-cp-p. apn-bn B`napJyw ssIsm-p-p. As\ \nhrn amw B{ibn-pw. B \ne-bn kwkm-c-tam-N\
-
- n\v Kpcp-hns\
B{i- bn- p-Ibpw Imam-Zn-I XyPnv thtZm I-
sNbvXv \mep km[-\
- -fn\npw ap-\mbn `hn-pIbpw sNp-p. Cu lrZ-bI
- -a-e-ns a[y-n GIam-{X-\mb `K-hm km-cp-]a
- mb Aeyw {]m]np-Ibpw kpjp-]vXn-c-ln-X-amb {_m-\w kvacn-,v Xm
AZzn-Xo-b-\m-sWv IcpXn CSbvv B-kz-cq]w admepw Pm{K-Zm-h--bnse hmk\ \nanw ""Rm tXPm-Ipp'' F `mh\ Ie-cp-p. As\ Pm{KXv
kz]v\m-h--I-fn \nv AIv kpjp-]X
v n-bn ""Rm
{]m-\m-Ipp'' Fv Nnn-p-p. AtXm ""Rm GI\m-Ipp'' F A\p-`q-Xnbpw DZn-p-p. Ah-m-\p-t`Z-m-ep hnhn[ `mh-\I
- -fmWv; hkvXpX Hp-Xs
- .
C- s\-bp hnth-I-ap-m- bm "Rm ip-amb AssZzX-{_w Xs- bmWv' F A\p-`hw Dm-hp-I-bm t`Z`m-h-ns kIe hk-\-Ifpw \in-p-p. Xs Dn
{]Im-in-p tXtPm-aW
- vU-e-ns [ym\-m XZmIm-c-ambnov ]c-{_-k
- z-cq]w {]m]nv ap-a-amcq-V \pw ]cn-] -I z-\ p-a m-b n- o-cp- p. k-e m-] n-Z -I sf
{]m]n a\v tam Imc-Wh
- p-am-Wv. PohnX kzcq-]n tamw {]m]n-p Bmhv Np-cmZn _mly
{]]--n \nv hnK-X-\m-Ip-p; Abm-fn {]]
_-\-an-. PK- ns\ Abm Bm-h n-s \-tmse
ImWp-p. Al-mcw XyPnv ""Rm {_-am-Ipp'' F
Nn Iev CsXmw Bm-hmWv F `mh-\-tbmsS
IrX-Ir-Xy-\mbn `hn-p-p.

605

I 5. kh-]-cn-]q Xpco-bm-Xo-X-{_m `qtXm

tbmKo `h-X n. Xw {_tXn kvX ph- n. kh
temI-kvXp-Xn-]m{Xw kh-tem-Ik
- -m-c-ioex ]cam--K-Kt\ _npw \ny]y ipm ssZzXm-PmUy
kl-Pm-a-\-kvIt- bm-K-\n{Zm AJ-WvUm-\ ]Zm-\phrXym Poh-ptm `h-Xn.
Xm-\ ap{Zm-amx tbmKn-t\mSx `h-n. XZt]-bm C{m-Zbw kzev]m-\mx Ghw {]m]vXm
\x ]c-a-tbmKo `h-Xo-Xyp-]\
- n-j-Xv.
B tbmKn kh-hn-[-nepw ]cn-]q-\mbnov
Xpco-bm-XoX {_-kz-cq-]-am-bn-o-cp-p. Ah {_am-Ipp Fv Bfp-I Ahs\ {]iw-kn-p-p. As\
Abm {]iwkm ]m{X-am-Ip-p. km-cn-bmb Ign-bp-p.
]c-amm cq]-amb BIm-i
- n _np m]nv ipmssZzX PU-Xm-cl
- n-X\
- mbn kl-P-a-\-cl
- n-Xa
- mb nXnsbp ]d-bm-hp tbmK-\n-{Z-bn AJ-WvUm-\--a-\p-`hnv Poh-p--\m-Ip-p. A-s\-bp tbmKn B\-k-ap-{Z-a--\mWv; Cs\ B\w A\p-`-hn--h ]c-atbm-Kn-bm-Ip-p. CXmWv clkyw
cmw JWvUw Ign-p.

XrXob {_mWw
bm-he
- vtIym-a-lm-ap-\na-Wv Ue ]pcpjw
] {] - O - k zm- a n- - a \ k vI e - - W - a p - - a - ] n.
hnkva rXw ]p\-kvX -e - Ww {_qloXn XtYXn
- vI-aXn claWvUe ]pcptjm {_hoXv. CZ-a-a-\k
kyw. bm-t\\ IrXmtm `hXn XnXyw
imw`ho ap{Zm nXw. ]c-am--ZrjvSym XXv {]Xyb-e-ymWn ZrjvSzm XZ\p kth-ia {]ta-b-aPw
inhw ]cm-Imiw \ncm-ew-_a
- -Zzbw {_ hnjvWpcp-{Zm-Zo-\m-taI eyw kh-Im-a-cWw ]cw {_m-t\yh ]iy-amt\m Kplm-hn-l-c-W-t ahw \ntb\ mXzm `mhm-`m-hmZn Zzzm-XoXx kphn-Zn-Xa-t\m- -\y-\p-`-h-k vX -Z-\- c aJn-te-{n-b-h-i m-c -a\kvI kpJ-{_-m-\ kapt{Z a\x {]hm-lt- bmK- c q] \nhm- X - n- X - Z o- ] - h - Z - N ew ]cw {_
{]m]vt\mXn
XXx ipjvI-hr--hXv aqOm-\n-{Zm-ab \nizmtkm-zmkm `mhm-jvS Zzzm kZm Ne Km{Xx
]c-a-imnw kzoIrXy a\x {]Nmc iq\y ]c-am\n eo\w `h-Xn.
]bx {kmhm- \ - cw t[\p- k vX \ oc-a n- h kth-{nb ht ]cn-\jvtS at\m \mix `hXn
XtZ-hm-\-a-kvI w. XZ\p \nXy-ipx ]c-am- m-lanXn XXz-akn Xyp ]tZ-ti\ Xzta-hm-la
- -l-tah
XzanXn Xmc- I - t bm- K - a mtW AJ- W v U m- \
]qx IrXmtm `h-Xn.

]cn-]q ]c-am-Im-i-am-\-a\mx {]m]vtXm-\

- yhx kw\ykvX kth-{nb hw At\-I -PmPnX ]pWy ]pRvP]
- Iz ssIhey ]tem AJWvU m-\ \nckvX kh-ti Iiva -tem-{_-mkvanXn IrX-IrtXym `h-Xn.
Xta-hmlw \ t`tZm kvXn ]qWXm ncam- \x
CXyp- -c kam-e nwKym injyw ]vX na
\o\-b -Xv .

alm-ap-\n-bmb bm-h-evIy kqcy aWvU-e-n

Xma-kn-p ]pcp-j-t\mSv tNmZnp: ""kzman, Aa-\kvI-n-Xn-bpsS eWw Ap ]d-p. Fm Rm
AXv ad-p. AXp-s Imv AXv hopw ]d- m
sImmw.'' hfsc \Xv Fp ]dv B aWvUe ]pcpj XpSv Cu Aa-\ kvI nXn-b psS kzcq]w
F{Xbpw cl-ky- a-b-amWv AXns m\-ap-m-bm a\pjy IrXm-a-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah Ftmgpw imw`ho-ap-{Zm-bp-\
- m-Ip-p. ]c-am ZrjvSn-bm AXns
A\p-`hw km[y-am-Ip eyw I-Xn-\-ptijw kI-ecp-sSbpw Cuiz-c {]am-W
- -fm Adn-bm Ign-bm-h\pw inh\pw ]c-am-Im-i\pw \ncm-{i-b\pw AssZz-Xhpw
{_-hnjvWp cp{ZmZn cq]w IeXpw kI-e-n\pw
Imc-W-hp-amb ]c-{_-s Xs Bm-hn ImWp
]pcp-j lrZ-b-am-Ip Kpl-bn At-l-ns hnlmcs \n-b-]qh-ambpw A\p-`-hn-p-p. ]ns kIe
C{n-b-fpw \in-p--Xn\v Aa-\-kvI-n-Xn-bpsS kpJcq-]a
- mb {_m-\--ns kap-{Z-n Ahs a\v
HgpIn \opp; Bh-iy-n\v hmbp tN Zo]w
t]mse AN-e-amb ]c-{_-s {]m]n-p-p. DW-nb
hr-s-tmse aq-bpsS \n{Zm-ab nXn-bp-sSbpw
Ah--bn izmtkm-zm-khpw Cm-Xm-Ip-p. AtXmsS
kpJ ZpxJm-Zn-Zz-z--fpsS \mihpw `hn-p-p. Abm
nc Km{X-\mbn `hn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Cs\ ]c-aimn ssIsmv a\v {]Nmc iq\y-am-Ipp; ]c-amm-hn eo\-\m-Ip-p. ]mev hn-bm-ep ]ip-hns apeI-fpsS Ah- C{n-b--fpsS {]h-\c
- -ln-X-amb
Hcp Ah A\p-`-hs
- -Sp-p. AXp-X-s-bmWv Aa\-kvIs nXn. AXn-\p-tijw ""\nXy-ip--amb ]c-ammhv Rm Xs-bmWv'' Cs\ "XXz-akn' F hmIyns D]-tZiw {]m]vX-ambn "\o Xs- bmWv Rm; Rm
Xs-bmWv \o' Cs\ XmcI {_- cq- ]- amb tbmK-amw
Ah-ew-_np hyn IrXm-\m-Ip-p.
bmsXm-cp-hs a\v ]cn-]q ]cm-Im-i-n aambn Xocp-p. Ah D-\m-h {]m]n-p-p. Ahs
C{n-b--sfmw hnap--am-Ip-p. At\I P--fn
{]m]n-m Ign ]pWy kaq-l-m Ahs ssIhey-cq-]a
- mb ^ew ]Iz-am-Ip-p. AJ-WvU-amb B\w

606

I A\p-`-hn-m Ign-bp--Xn-\m kI-e-ti

cq]-amb
]m]hpw Zqc-n-em-Ip-p. ]ns "Rm {_-am-Ipp'
F `mh-m Ah IrX-Ir-Xy-\m-Ip-p. "]c-am-mhv'
]q-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m \o Xs-bmWv Rm Cs\
D-cnv Kpcp injys\ kinv Cu mt\m-]t- Ziw
\nh-ln- p.
aqmw {_mWw Ign-p.

NXp {_mWw
1. AY l bm-he
- vtIym-a-WvUe ]pcpjw ]{]
thyma ]-I-e-Ww hnkvXt- c-Wm-\p-{_q-lo-Xn.
ktlm-hm-Nm-I miw alm-Imiw kqcym-I miw ]cam-Im-i-anXn ]-`h
-
- n. k_m-lym-`y--ca
- -I
- mc-a-b-am-Im-iw. k`ym-tc Imem-\-e-k-Zriw ]cmImiw k _mlym-`ym-tc. A]-cn-an-X-Zyp-Xn-\n`w
Xzw alm-Im-iw. k_m-lym-`ym- tc kqcy-\n`m-kq-cy-Im-iw. A\nh-N-\ob tPymXn. kh-hym]Iw \nc-Xn-ib
- m-\ eWw ]c-am-Imiw Gh-a eym-Zi-\m- -{Zq-t]m-`-h -Xn.
\ h N{Iw jUm [mcw {Xneyw
thyma ]Iw
kay-tK-Xm Pm\m Xn k tbmKo
\matXm `th-Xv.
]noSv bm-h-evIy kqcy-a-WvU-e-n, hknp ]pcp-j-t\mSv tNmZnp: ""Av BIm-i
- ns
eWw Av hnkvX-cnp ]d-bWw'' Atm Atlw
]dp: ""BIm-iw, ]c-am-Im-iw, alm-Im-iw, kqcym-Imiw, ]c-am-Im-iw, Ch-bmWv Av BIm-i-. Dnepw
]pdpw {]f-bm-Im-e-nse An-bvsm--XmWv ]mcmImiw; AIpw ]pdpw A]-cn-an- X-amb Imn-t]m-ep
XXz-am-XmWv alm-Imiw; Dnepw ]pdpw kqcys\
t]mse Ah-\o-b-am-b-amWv kqcym-Im-iw, \nc-Xn-i-bamb B\--kz-cq-]-amWv ]c-am-Im-iw, GtXXp cq]-nepw
`mh-nepw Zin-p-hm-\m-{K-ln-p-pthm AtX-`m-hnepw cq]-nepw Hmtcmv ImWm Ignbpw; \h-N{Iw, jUm-[m-cw, aqp-e
- y-, Am-Imiw Ch icn-dn-bm tbmKn tbmKn-sbp ]d-bm Al-\-.
Amw {_mWw Ign-p.

]a {_mWw
1. khn-jbw at\m _mb \nhn-jbw aptb
`h-Xn. AXn khw Nn-tKm-Nc
- w. XtZh Nnw
\ncm-{ibw at\m--\y-hm ]cn-]I
- z-eb tbmKyw
`h-Xn. Xbw ]cn-]qt-abn ka`y tkXv. at\me-b-Im-cW alm-ta-h.

A \ m- l - X - k y - i - _ vZ k y X k z i _ vZ k y
tbm[z\nx [zt\ cKXw tPymXn tPymXn-c
-
KXw a\x ba \kv{Xn-P -K Xv krjvS n nXn
hyk\ I IrXv . Xt\m hnebw bmXn
XZznjvtWm ]cam ]Zw. X-bmXv ipm-s sZzX
knn t`Zm-`m-h m-X v. GX-tZh ]c-a -X - zw. k
Xtm _mtem- ]nim-N-hZv PU hrym
temI-am-Nt- c-Xv, Gh-a-a-\-kvIm-`ym-tk-ss\h \nXy
Xr]vX n- c ev] ap{X ]pco-j -a nX t`mP-\ - Z r-V mwK
PmUy-\n-{Zm-Zr-Kvhmbp Ne\m `mh {_ Zi\m
mX-kpJ kzcq] knn `h-Xn.

Ghw Nnc kam-[n-P\

- nX {_m-arX ]m\ ]cmbtWm ku k\ymko ]c-a -lwk Ah-[ qtXm
`h-Xn. Xi-t\\ kIew PKXv ]hn{Xw `h-Xn.
XXv tkhm- ] tcm Atm]n aptm `h- X n.
XXvI p-e-ta-tIm-c
- -iXw Xmc-b-Xn. Xm-Xr-]n-XrPmbm ]Xyhw N apw `h-Xo-Xyp-]\
- n-j-Xv.
hnj-bm-k--amb a\v _-\-n-\n-cb
- m-Ip-p.
hnj-b-hn-ap--amb a\v apn-n-W-p-p. AXn-\m
kakvX PKpw Nn-ns hnj-b-am-Ip-p. AtX
Nnw Xs \ncm-{i-b-n\v tbmKy-am-Ipw. Cu ebns ]cn-] q-amb "Fn' A`ymkw sNp-I.
ImcWw a\v eb-ns Imc-Wa
- m-Wv. A\-l-Z-i-_vZn-sbpw i_vZ-n-\p-n [z\n-bp-v, AXns Dn
tPymXnv hkn-p-p. tPymXn-ns Dn a\v; Cu
a\v aqp PK-p--fp-sSbpw Dev]
- n-nXn kwlmc
cq]-amb Iw sNp Cu a\v bmsXm-n hnebw
sImp-p. AXp-Xs hnjvWp-hns ]c-a-]-Zw. AXn
a\v ebn-p--tXmsS ip AssZz-X-knn kw`-hn-pp. Imc-Ww, AXns ]nn bmsXmcp t`Z-`m-hhpw
C. AXp-X s ]c- a -X -X zw. AX-d n-b p ]pcp-j
_met\m D-t\m ]nim- Nns\ t]mse PU- hr- n-tbmsS
temI-n {]hn-p-p. C-s\-bp A\y-a-\-kvXn-Xn-bpsS A`ym-k-m \nXyhpw Xr]vXn e`n-p-p.
Blmcw hfsc Ipd-p-am{Xw aXn-sb \ne-hc
- p-p.
Fmepw icocw _en-jvT-am-Ip-p. PUX Dm-hn-.
\n{Ztbm I-S-btem Dm-hn-. {_ Zi-\
- n-\mbn
kpJ-ab
- -kz-cq] knn-bpsS m\-ap-m-Ip-p. Cs\
Gsd kabw kam[n A`y-kn-pXn\m Dev]
- -amb
{_-cq-]-amb AarXw ]m\w sNp-I-bm k\ym-kn-bmb
]c-a-lw-k Ah-[q-X-\m-Ip-p. Abm-fpsS Zi-\
- m
kakvX PKpw ]cn-ip--am-Ip-p. Abmsf tkhn-m
Xev]c
- -\mb Am-\nbpw ap-\m-Ipw. Abm Xs
Ipe- nse \qn-sbmv Xe-ap-ds
- bbpw ip-am-p-p.
Abm-fpsS amXm-]n-Xm--mcpw kv{Xok-m-\-fpw apcm-Ip-p. Cs\ D]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
aWvUe {_mW D]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

607

I
1

a{n-tIm-]-\n-jv

imn-]mTw
Hmw ]q-aZx ]q-anZw ]qmXv ]qap-Z-NytX ]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]q-ta-hm-hin-jytX Hmw imnx imnx imnx
B ]c-{_w kh-hn-[-nepw ]q-am-Ip-p. Cu
hniz-{]-]w ]q-am-Ip-p. ]q-amb AXn \npamWv Cu ]qw A`n-hy--am-bn-p--Xv. ]q-n
\nv ]q-sa- Sp-mepw ]qw Xs Ah-ti-jn-p- p.
Hmw imnx imnx imnx

1. AjvS-]mZw ipNnw lwkw

{Xnkq-{X-aWp ahybw
{Xnhm\w tXPtkm f lw
khXx ]iy--]-iyXn
Fp ]mZw tNXpw ipNnbpw DPz-e-kz-cq-]nbpw {Xnkq-{X-k-lnXhpw kpkq-vahpw Ahn-\m-inbpw BbnpXv Rm Xs- bm-Ip-p. tXtPm-cq-]n-bpw kp{]-Im-in-Xhp-amb B Bm-hns\ kh{X ImWp-p-s-nepw
ImWp- n-.

2. `qX-k-tm-lt\ Imte
`nt Xakn sshJtc
Ax ]iyn kXzm
\nKpWw KpW-K-lztc

K
3

5. Kuc-\m-Zy--h-Xokm
P\n{Xo `qX-`m-hn\o
knXm-knXm N cm N
kh-Ima ZpLm hnt`m
A[ymkw sImmWv amb Adn-b - s -S p- Xpw
hnkvXmcw {]m]n-p-Xpw t{]cn-n-p--Xpw. Cu lwkw
Xs ]pcp-jmw P\n-n-p-p. AXn-\m {]]w
A[n-jvTn-X-hp-am- W.v amb ]c- am- m-hn\v Ima-t[- \p- hn\v Xpeyam-W.v AXv BZy-- c-ln-Xhpw kh-am-Xmhpw kh-t]m-jI- hp-am-Wv. AXv Npa-v, shfp- ,v Idp- v, Fo h- -tfmSp
IqSn-bXpw Fm A`n-hpw sImSp-p--Xp-am-W.v

6. ]n_-ty-\m-a-hn-j-bm
ahn-mXmw Ipam-c Imx
GIkvXp ]n_tX tZh
kzt f {X him-\pKx
m\-an-m Poh Cu ]ip-hns\ Id-p-p.
Fs- m AXv hnj-bhpw Ahn-m-X-hp-am-W.v temIn Htc Hcp ]c-am-mhp am{X- amWv kI-eXpw X\n-[o-\-amn kzw Cu ambsb ]m\w sNp--Xv.

7. [ym\-{In-bm`ymw `K-hm
`pvXtX f ku {]k-l-Zzn`px
kh-km-[m-cWow t`m{ow
]ob-am\m Xp bPz`nx

\nKp-W-am-sW-nepw KpW-am-Ip Kpl-bn {]XnjvTn-X-am-b-Xn-\m Pohn-Isf tamln-n-p Icm-f-tam-lmFmhp-ambn Idp- - hfpw bmn-I-cm Zm\w
- Imcw \-am-Ip-tm kXz-Kp-W- n-X-cmb hyn-I sN-s-Sp--hf
- p-amb Cu tKmhns\ `K-hm [ym\-{In-bmAXns\ AxIc-Wn Zin-p-p.
Zn-I-fm A\p-`h
- n-p-p.

3. AiIyx tkm\y-Ym-{Zp
[ymb-am\x Ipam-c ssI
hnIm-c -P-\ -\o-a- m
a-cq-]m-aPmw {[phmw

8. ]iy-ykymw alm-m\x
kphw ]n-em-i\w
DZm-ko\w {[phw lwkw
kv\mX-Im-[z-c ythm PKpx

hn`n--cq-]-n [ym\n-m Am-\n-Iv AXv

ImWm Ignbp-Ib
- n-. B nXn-bn hnIm-c-P-\-\nbpw
Abpw AN--e-bp-amb amb-sb-bmWv Ah [ym\np--Xv.

alm-m kph \nd-ap ]n-e-^ew `n-pIbpw DZm- ko- \hpw Ahn-\m-in-bp-amb lwks amb-bn
ImWp-Ibpw sNp-p. AXn-s\--s-bmWv kv\mX-Imcpw A[z-cyp-fpw Km\w sNp--Xv.

4. [ymbtX f [ymknXm tX\

X\ytX t{]cytX ]p\x
kqbtX ]pcp-jmw N
tXss\ hm[n-jvTn-Xw-P-KXv

9. iwk--a-\p-jw-kn
_lzrNmx imkv{X tImhnZmx
cY-cw _rlXv kma
k]vX sshss[kvXp KobtX

608

imk-{- tIm-hn-Z-mcpw EtKz-Zn-Ifpw kvXpXn-sN-p-h-cp-samv Cu lwks kvXpXn-p-p. AXn-\mbn cYcw Fv t]cp kmas Ggp-{]-Im-c-n Km\w
sNp- p.

10. at{m-]-\n-jZw {_
]Zy-{I-a-k-a-\ znXm
]wn `m-hm-tlytX
lyYhmtWm `rip-amx
{_w a{- -epsS clkyw Xs- bmWv AXn-s\- s-bmWv `m-h-tKm-{X-P-\mb D-a-mcpw AYth-ZnIfpw ]Z-{I-a-tmSp IqSn sNmp--Xv.

11. k {_-Nm-cn-hr-n
kvXwt`m f Y ^en-Xk
- vXYm
A\-Uzmtcm-ln-tXm- nx
]iyt _lp-hn-kvXcw

15. NXphnw-i-Xn-kw-JymXw

hy-a-h y--tah N
AssZzX ssZzX-an-Xymlp
kv{Xn[m Xw ]Ym XYm
]ecpw CXns\ Ccp-]-n-\m-em-as kwJy-sbpw
]ecpw Ahy--sap At\Iw t] hy-sap ssZzXsap ]d-bp- p. AXp- t]mse Nne AXns\ {Xnhn-[-sapw
A`n- {]m-b-s-Sp- p.

16. {_mZyw mh-cm-wN

]iyn m\ Npjx
Xta-I-tah ]iyn
]cn-ipw`w hn`pw ZznPmx
m\- Zrn tN F{Xtbm ]n-X-m {_mhp
apX PU-]-Zmw hsc-bp Fm {]]--sbpw
AXn-a-lm-\mb Hcp {]`p-hns cq]-n ImWp-p.

]c-am- mhv {_-N- cy-hr-n-tbmSp IqSn-bXpw kvXw`wt]mse ZrVhpw ^e-bp-hpw Bbn-kw-km-c-i-ISw \nb- 17. bkvan kh-anZw t{]mXw
{nv Npa \ndhpw ap-Xpw XyPn--tijw hnim-e-cq-]{_ mhc PwKaw
n ImW-s-Sp-p.

12. Imex {]mW `K-hm

arXbp ithm atl-izcx
Dt{Km `h cp{Z
kkpcmx kmkpcm kvXYm
Ime, {]mW, arXyp, ih, atl-iz-c D{K
`h cp{Z Fn-h-tcmSpw tZhm-kp-c-m-tcmSpw tNXmWv Cu ]c-am-m-h.v

13. {]Pm-]-Xn hncmZv ssNh

]pcpjx kene tah N
kvXpbtX a{-kw-kvX pssXy
cYh-hnZn ssXhn`px
Cu kh-hym-]n-bmb ]pcp-j Xs-bmWv {]Pm-]Xn-bmb hncmSv cq]-ambpw Pe-cq-]a
- mbpw kvXpXyl-\mb
AYh thZ-nse {]kn \ma--fm kvXpXn--s-Sp-Xv.

14. Xw jUv hnwiI CtXytX

k]vXh
- nwiw XYm ]tc
]pcpjw \nKpWw kmwJy
aYh-in-ctkm hnZpx
Ccp-]n Bdm-as XXz-sapw Ccp-]n Ggmas XXz-sap ]ecpw CXn-s\-n ]d-bp-p. AYh-htZ-nse D]-\n-j
- p-I CXn-s\--s-bmWv \nKp-Wkmw-Jy-sav ]d-bp--Xv.

Xkvan-th ebw bm{n {k-hyx

kmKtc bYm

mhc-Pw-K-am--Ia
- mb Cu {]]w GXn-emtWm
tIm-s-n-cn-p-Xv AXp XsbmWv {_w. \Zn-I
kap-{Z-n hnebw {]m]n-p--Xp-t]mse khhpw Cu
{_-n hnebw {]m]n-p-p.

18. bkvan `mhm {]eo-bt

eo\m-m-hy-Xmw bbpx
]iyn hyXmw `qtbm
Pbt _pZv_pZm Ch
Ipan-f-I Fs\ Pe-n D-hn-p. AXn
Xs ebw {]m]n- p-p. AXp-t]mse kI- e-]- Zmfn
epw GXn P\nv GXn-emtWm AZr-iy-am-Ip-Xv AXp
Xs-bmWv {_w m\n-I B {_s ImWp-p.

19. t{X-m-[n-jvTnXw ssN hm

ImcssWx hnZytX ]p\x
Ghw k `K-hm tZhw
]iy-yt\y ]p\x ]p\x
t{X-t-{X cq]- n B {_w khnepw hkn-p-p. Imc-W--fm-emWv AXv Adn-b-s-Sp- Xv. C- s\-bp t{X- - \mb `K-hms\ m\n- I
hopw hopw Zin-p-p.

609

I 20. {_ {_t-Xy-Ym-bmn

tb hnZp {_m-kvXYm
Ass{Xh tX ebw bmn
eo\m-m-h y- -im-en\x
eo\m-m-hy imen\x CXyp-]-\n-jXv

{_s Adn-bp--h-cmb {_m-W {_s

{]m]n- p-p. Ah AXn hnebw {]m]nv Ahy `mhn tim`n-pp Fv D]-\n-jv

a{n-tIm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

alm-\m-cm-b-tWm-]-\n-jv 3

imn]mTw
lcnx Hmw. iw t\man{Xx iw hcpWx
iwt\m`hXpcyam.
iT \ Ct{m _rlkv] Xnx iw t\m
hnjvW pcpcp{Iax at\m {_tW.
\akvtX hmtbm.
Xztah {]Xyw {_mkn Xzmtah
{]Xyw {_ hZnjman. EXw hZnjyman
kXyw hZnjyman XmahXp. XZzmcahXp.
AhXp amw AhXp hmcw.
Hmw imnx imnx imnx
(lcn Hmw an{X hcpW Acyamhv C{ _rlkv] Xn Dcp{Ia\mb hnjvW p Chscmw \apv awKfw
sNs. {_n\v \akvImcw. hmbptZhm, Atbvv
\akvImcw. ApX {]Xyamb {_w. Asbs {]Xy {_w Fv ]dbpp. Rm EXw
]dbpw. Rm kXyw ]dbpw. hmbpcq]nbmb {_w
Fs cns. BNmcys\ cns Fsbpw
BNmcys\bpw cns. hnLv\v imnbpmIs.)

Hmw kl \mhhXpx kl \u `p\p

kl hocyw Ichmhssl. tXPkzn\n \m
h[o XakvXp. am hnZznjmhsslx
Hmw imnx imnx imnx
(]c{_w Kpcpinjymcb R cpt]scbpw
cns. R Hcpanv t]mjWw {]m]ns,
Hcpanv IIpieX t\Ss. RfpsS A[yb\w

DXvIrjvSamIs. R ]ckv]cw hntZzjw ]pemXncns.)

1.

Aw`ky]mtc `ph\ky at[y

\mIky ]rjvtT altX alobm
ipt{IW tPymXowjn ka\p{]hnjvSx
{]Pm]XncXn Kt` Ax

(A ]m ca mb A w` nep w `p h \ a[ y ne p w
k z ns ]r j v T ne p w h y m] cn ncn p
alnepw almb {]Pm]Xn ip{Im (_oPcq]w)
tPymXnpIfn A\p{]hnjvS\mbn K`n\pn
{]hnpp.PohnIfpsS PmZn]cnWman\p
ImcWw ]c{_w Xs)

2.

bkva nnZw kw N hnssNXn kw

bkva n tZhm A[n hntiz \ntjZpx
XtZh {`pXw XZp `hyam
CZw XZtc ]cta thyma.

(CsXmw bmsXmn tNcpIbpw hnebnpIbpw

sNpp. Fm 2 tZhmcpw bmsXmn sFizcy
tmsS ]pecpp. AXpXs IgnXpw hcm
t]mIpXpw Fm CXv A\izcamb ]ca thyman
(BImin) \ne\nevpp.

3.

tb\mhrXw Jw N Znhw alow N

tb\mZnXykvX ]Xn tXPkm {`mPkm N
bax kapt{Z Ihtbm hbn
bZtc ]cta {]Pmx
(bmsXmpsImv BImihpw tZymhpw alnbpw

610

I BhrXamWv bmsXmp sImv BZnXy DjvWw

sImpw {]Imiw sImpw X]npp. bmsXmcphs\
IhnI (m\nI lrZb kap{Zn kmmXv
cnpp. ]cahpw A\izchpamb bmsXmcp kXyn
{]PI ]pecpp. AXmWv ]ca{_w.

4.

bXx {]kqXm PKXx {]kqXn

tXmtb\ Pohm hyNk `yqaymw
btZmi[o`yx ]pcpjm ]ipw
hnthi {`qXm\n NcmNcmWn.

(bmsXmn \nv Clns {]kqXnbmb {]Ir

Xn Dmbn. Pem `qanbn PohnIsf krjvSnp.
bmsXmv Huj[nItfmSpIqSn hynIsfbpw, arK
sfbpw NcmNc`qXsfbpw Dsmp.

5.

AXx ]cw \m\yZWobkw lo

]cmXv ]cw bltXm almw
btZIahya\cq]w
hnizw ]pcmWw Xakx ]ckvXmXv

(bmsXmv ]csm ]camWv, almbnp

Xn \npw almWv. Ahyhpw hnhn[cq]hpw
]pcmX\hpw AImcn\p ]pdpXpw AXnepw
]cambn _rltm, AWptm Bbn bmsXmpan
F \nebnepXpw BWv AXmWv ]c{_w.)

6.

XtZhw XZp kXyaml

kvXtZh {_ ]caw Iho\mw
CjvSw ]qw _lp[m PmXw Pmbam\w

9.

7.

XtZhmnkvXZvh mbpkvX Xv
kqcykvXZp N{amx
XtZh ip{IaarXw XZv{_ XZm]x
k {]Pm]Xnx

(AXpXs An, hmbp, kqcy, N{, \

{X, AarXw AXv lncayK`\mIpp. AXv Peam
Ipp. Ah {]Pm]Xn krjvSn Imhv BIpp.)

8.

kt \ntajm Pntc
hnZypXx ]pcpjmZ[n
Iem aplqmx ImjvTmmtlmcm
{Xm kix

k A]x {]Zpt[ Dt` Cta Acn

atYm kphx
({]Imiam\\mb ]pcpj\n \nv Fm \ntaj
fpw Dmbn. IeI, aplq, ImjqI,
Atlmcm{X, Aamk, EXp Fmw
Iev]nsp. Ah Pe{][m\fmb ]`qXsf
bpw ]ns kzw Acow cns\bpw Ids
Spp.)

10. ss\\aq[zw\ Xncyw \ aty ]cnP{K`Xv.

\ Xtkyti I\ Xky \ma alZyix
(Chs\ tatemv Afv a\nemnbnn. hne
s\tbm aytbm C. Bcpw Ahs m\mbnn.
Ahs t]cv t{ijvTamb biv FmIpp.

11.

\ krti XnjvTXn cq]aky

\ Njm ]iyXn Iss\\w
lrZm a\ojm a\km`nIv A]vtXmb
GXw hncqZarXmkvtX `hn

(Chs cq]w Zi\hniba. Hcmfpw Chs\

NppsImv ImWpn. a\p \nb{np
lrZnX_pnbmb Ah A`nn]vX\mIpp. Bcv
CXns\ Adnbpp, Ah acWclnXcmIpp.

1.

AZv`yx kw`qXx ]rYnsshy ckm

hnizIaWx kahXm[n
Xky XzjvSm hnZ[{Zq]taXn

hnizw _n`n `ph\ky \m`nx

(AXp Xs EXw, AXpXs kXyw, AXpXs
m\nIfpsS ]c{_w. {ipXnkva rXn Ifpw
AXpXs. `h\ns \m`nbmbn _lphn[n
PmXhpw DmIsSpXpw Cu temIs \nb{np
Xpw AXpXs. B ]c{_w.

Aamkm amkm EXhmx kwh

c Iev]mw

XXv]cpjky hnizamPm\at{K
(\mcmbWkqw)
(Pen \npw ]rYnhnbpsS ckn \np
Dmbn PKZv{kjvSmhn \nv CXn\pta kah
np. XzjvSmhv Cu hncmSv ]pcpjs hnizcq]w
krjvSmcw`nepmbnpXmWv.

2.

thZmtaXw ]pcpjw alm

BZnXyhw Xamkm ]ckvXmXv
Xtah hnZnXzmXn arXyptaXn
\m\yx ]m hnZytXb\mb
(\mcmbWkqw)

(Xakkns ApdXv BZnXyh\pw alm\pamb

Cu ]pcpjs\ Rm Adnbpp. B tZhs\ Adnm
am{Xta acWs AXn{IanpIbpffq. ]ca]Z{]m]vXn
v asmcp amhpw C.

611

I 3.

{]Pm]XncXn Kt` Ax
APmbamt\m _lp[m hnPmbtX
Xky [ocmx ]cnPm\n tbm\ow
acnNo\mw ]Zann th[kx

GXp tZh\mWv lhnpsImv ]qP sNpI?)

2.

(\mcmbW kqw)
{]Pm]Xn Dffn K`n (lrZbw) kcnp
p. PvRm\nI B th[ns tbm\nsb (Dev] n)
Adnbpp. acoNnIfpsS (tPymXnpI) m\s
Cnpp.)

4.

tbm tZth`yx BX]Xn tbm tZhm\mw

]ptcmlnXm
]qthm tbm tZtht`ym PmXx \tam cpNmb
{_mtb

5.

cpNw {_mw Pebx

tZhm At{K XZ {_ph
bkvssXzhw {_mtWm hnZymXv
Xky tZhm Ak hti

2.

6.

{lo tX evao ]Xv\yu Atlm

cmt{X]mtiz
\{XmWn cq]w Aizn\u hymw CjvSw
a\njmW, Aapwa\njmW, khw a\njmW

3.

1.

lncWyK`x kahXmt{K
`qXky PmXx]XntcI BkoXv
k Zm[mc ]rYnhow ZymaptXamw
Ikvssa tZhmb lhnjm hnt[a.

(lncWy K`\mb {]Pm]Xn BZyw Dmbn.

PmX\mb Ah `qXfpsS ]Xnbmbn `hnp. Ah
Cu ]rXnhnsbbpw tZymhns\bpw [cnp. Atlshnv

b BZm _eZm bky hniz

D]mktX {]injw bky tZhmx
bkyOmbmarXw bky arXyp
Ikvs sa tZhmb lhnjw hnt[a

(bmsXmcm PohnZmXmhpw inZmXmhpw BIpp

bmsXmcmsf seIw apgph D]mknpp tZhm
bmsXmcphs {]injs (Bm A\pkcnpp,
bmsXmcphs \ng AarXamIpp, AXpt]mse
acWhpamIpp, B tZh\msX ammWv, ]qPsN
pI?

4.

(\mcmbW kqw)
(hnthI _pnbpw ev anbpw AbpsS ]Xv\n
amcmIpp; cmhpw ]Iepw ]miz; \{X
CnXns\ Xmepw (a\njmW) B ]cam\w
Xmepw. khXzhpw Xmepw. Ipdnv. ASp
Fp kq KncWyK`kq{XnsebmWv.

bx {]mWtXm \nanjtXm aln

ssXzI CXv cmPm PKtXm _`qh
b Cui Aky Zzn]Z Xpjv]Zx
Ikvssa tZhmb lhnjm hnt[a.

bmsXmcm alzm {]mW\pffhcpw {]h

Icpw ASnb PKnsGI\mbns cmPm
hmbn. bmsXmcm Zzn]Zfpw NZpjv]ZfpaSnb Cu
PKns Cui\mbn, B tZh\msX ammWv lhn
psImv ]qPsNpI.

(\mcmbW kqw)
{_km_nbmb {]Imiw P\nn hcmb
tZhm BZyw AXv ]dp. bmsXmcp {_mW
C{]Imcadnbpp, Ah\v tZhm hiKcmbnocpp.

bx {]mWtXm \nanjtXm aln

ssXzI CXv cmPmPKtXm _`qh
b Cui Aky Zzn]Z Xpjv]Zx
Ikvssa tZhmb lhnjm hnt[a.

(lncWy K`\mb {]Pm]Xn BZyw Dmbn. PmX\mb Ah `qXfpsS ]Xnbmbn `hnp. Ah ]rYnhnsbbbpw tZymhns\bpw [cnp. Atlshnv GXp
tZh\mWv lhnpsImv ]qP sNpI?)

(\mcmbW kqw)
(bmsXmcm tZhmmbn Nppw {]Iminpp,
bmsXmcm tZhamcpsS apn lnXw sNbph
\mWv, bmsXmcm tZhmp anv P\nh\mWv B
{]Imiam\\mb {_]p{X\v \akvImcw.

btkyta lnahtm alnXzm

bky kap{Zm ckbm klmlp
btkyx am {]Zntim bky _mlp
Ikvssa tZhmb lhnjm hnt[ax

(lnahm XpSnb h\ bmsXmcphs alna

Impp, kap{Zw \ZnItfmSpIqSn bmsXmcphs almyw
]dbpp. Cu ZnpI bmsXmcphs ssIIfmWv.
Atlshnv GXp tZh\mWv lhnpsIv ]qPmhn
[nsNpI.

5.

bw {Icpko Ahkm XkvX `mt\

Ass`ytXmw a\km tcPamt\
b{Xm[nkqc DZncn\ thyXn
Ikvs sa tZhmb lhnjm hnt[a

612

tim`np cWm Fsd sXfnbp {I

knI ( BImihpw `qanbpw) a\psImv, bmsXmcp
hs\ IavSp bmsXmcnSv kqcy DZbn Npn
\opp B ]cammhns\bmsX GXp tZhs\bmWv
]qPnnpI?

6.

tb\ Zyucp{Km ]rYnho N ZrtV

tb\ kphx kvX`nXw tb\ \mIx
tbm AcotcPtkm hnam\x
Ikvs sa tZhmb lhnjmhnt[ax

(bmsXmcph\m D{Kamb tZymhpw ]rYnhnbpw ZrVamsp, GsXmcph\m kphw ( kzw) Ddnsp

GsXmcph\m Acon cmPk\amsc \nnp
B tZhs\bmsX atsXmcmsfbmWv Bcm[npI)

7.

Bt]m l bXohnizambw
Zw Z[m\w P\bocnw
XtXm tZhm\mw \nchXmkptcIx
Ikvs sa tZhmb lhntj hnt[a

(bmsXmns alXzw Imp ApI (Pew)

Ansb P\nnm\m{Klnv Zs [cnv hnizmIm
cs {]m]np, ]ns tZhmacpsS GIamb Akp
(Poh) \nhnp. B tZh\msX BmWv lhn
psImv ]qPsNpI?

8.

bnZmt]m aln\m ]cy]iyXv

Zw Z[m\m P\bocnw
tbm tZthjz[n tZh GI BkoXv
Ikvs sa tZhmb lhnjm hnt[a

bmsXmcph Ansb P\nnmam{Klnv Z

s [cn (alXzam) ApIsf kzw alXzm
anIv GItZh\mbn, B lncwWy K`cq]\mb
tZhs\bmsX amscbmWv lhnpsImv ]qPnpI?

12. Gjm ln tZhx {]Zntim \p kmx

]qtm ln PmXx k D Kt` Ax
k hnPmbam\x k P\njyamWx
{]XyMv apJmkvXnjvTXn hniztXmapJx
(Cu tZh Xs Fm {]ZnpIfnepw hym]n
pp. BZyw P\n Ah Xs ]e hn[n P\n
pp. P\nm t]mIpp; {]XyMvapJ\mbn nXn
sNpp; Ah hniztXmpJ\mbn nXnsNpp.
Ah hniztXmpJ\mbn \nesImffpp.

13. hnizXpcpX hniztXmaptJm

hniztXmlkvX DX hnizXkv]mXv
kw _mlp`ymw \aXn kw]ss{X
Zymh]rYnho P\b tZh GIx

(Zymhm ]rYnhnIsf P\nnp P\b tZh GI

hniztXm t\{X\pw hniztXm apJ hniztXm lkvX\pw
hniztXm]mZ\pw Bb B tZh _mlpfmepw ]X{X
fmepw (NndIv) kwanpp ( t{]cnnpp)

14. th\kvXXv ]iy hnizm `qh\m\n

hnZzm b{X hnizw `htXyI\oUw
bkvannZw kwN hn ssNXnx k
HmXx t{]mX hn`px {]Pmkp.
(bmsXmn hnizw Hcp \oUw (IqSv) t]mse
`hnpp, AXv Adnbh Fm `ph\sfbpw
Zinv th\ ({]Imihm) BIpp. bmsXmn Cu
temIw Hnp tNcpIbpw th]ncnbpIbpw hne
s\bpw hym]nncnpp.
15.

{]XtZzmtN AarXw Xp hnZzm

Kthm \ma \nlnXw Kplmkp
{XoWn ]Zm \nlnXm Kplmkp
bkvX Zv thZ kXpx ]nXm kXv

KplIfn (lrZbw) \nlnXamb AarXs Adn

h\mb Kh ]dp, _pnbn \nlnX
fmb aqp ]Zsf (Pm{KXv) kz]v\w kpjp]vXn, Bcv
tht]mse Adnbpp. Ah khnXmhns (kqcy)
]nXmhmIpp.

16. k t\m _p P\nXm k hn[mXm

[mam\n `ph\m\n hnizm
b{X tZhm AarXam\im\mx
XrXotb [mam \yss`ycb
(bmsXmcnSv aqmas temIn (ZyptemIw)
AarXw A\p`hnphcmb tZhm. \ m\
{]m]np. B tZh \psS _phmIpp. P\I\pw
hn[mXmhpw kIe `ph\fpw Adnbph\p am
(]c{_w XsbmWv ChnS kqNnnsXv)

17. ]cnZymhm]rYnhobn kZyx

]cnt]mIm ]cn Znix ]cn kphx
EXky Xpw hnXXw hnNrXy
XZhiyXv XZ`hXv {]Pmkp.
(Zymhm ]rYnhnI (`qan, BImiw,) hym]n
temIs hym]npp. kzs hym]npp. {]PI
fn EXsap ]dbp ]cakXyns hnXXamb
Xphns\ (\q) [ym\nv AXv Zinp; AXv AXmbn
op.

613

I 18.

]coXy temIm ]coXy`qXm\n

]coXy khm {]Zntim Zni
{]Pm]Xnx {]YaPm EXkym
\m\`nkw_`qh

EXns (]c{_w) {]Ya P\mb {]Pm]nXn

temIfn hym]nv, `qXfn hym]np, Fm
ZnpIfnepw hnZnpIfnepw hym]nv, Bmhp sImv
Bmhns\ t\cnp cnpp.

25. XXv ]pcpjmb hnZvatl

N{I XpWvUmb [oaln
Xtm Znx {]tSmZbmXv

19. kZkkv]XnaZv`pXw {]nban{ky Imayw

k\nw ta[mabmknjw

(]ca]pcpjs\ Adnbm Rfm{Klnpp.

N{IXpWvU s\ R [ym\npp. AXn ZntI
izc Rv {]tNmZ\acpfs.(Akpcmcpambpff
bpn N{Is hmbvsImp]nSnXn\m B t]cv
Inn.)

(C{s (Bmhv) {]nb\pw Imay\pw T A`pXkz

cq]\pw ta[sb \Iph\pamb kZkv] Xnsb
(AhymIrX{_w) {]m]ns Fv {]mnpp.

26. XXv ]pcpjmb hnZvatl

almtk\mb [oaln
Xtm jpJx {]tNmZbmXv

20. Do]ykz PmXthtZm ]Lv\ \nEXnw aa

]iqw alyamhl Poh\w N Zntim Zi

R B ]ca]pcpjs\ Adnbm\m{Klnpp.
AXn\p R almtk\s\ [ym\npp. jpJ
Amcyn Rv {]tNmZ\w \Is.

(Fs \nEXnsb (]m]w) \innph\mbn PmX

thZ (An) \mb tZh, Do]nmepw, l\nv arKsf
Xmepw. ZoLmbppw ZnpIfpw (m\w) XcpI.

21. am t\m lnwkomX thtZm

Kmaizw ]pcpjw PKXv
A_n{ZZ BKln
{inbm am ]cn]mXb
tl, PmXthZ (An) RfpsS tKmsfbpw,
Aizsfbpw, ]pcpjmscbpw, PKns\bpw lnwkn
cpXv. tl At, A_n{`Xv (RfpsS A]cm[
a\n IcpXmsX) hmepw. Fs sFizcytmsS
tNmepw.

27. XXv ]pcpjmb hnZvatl kphW

]mb [oaln
Xtm KcpUx {]tNmZbmXv.
(]ca]pcpjs\ Adnbm R B{Klnpp.
kph ]s\ AXn\v [ym\npp. AXn\v KcpU
Rv {]tNmZ\acpfs.

28. thZm\mb hnZvatl lncWyK`mb

[oaln Xtm {_ {]tNmZbmXv
thZmmhmb ]ca]pcpjs\ R Adnbm\m{K
lnpp. AXn\v lncWy K`s\ [ym\npp.
AXn {_w Rv {]tNmZ\acpfs.

22. ]pcpjky hnZva kl{kmky almtZhky

[oaln Xtm cp{Zx {]tNmZbmXv

29. \mcmbWmb hnZvatl hmkptZhmb [oaln

Xtm hnjvWpx {]tNmZbmXv.

(]pcpjs\ R Adnbs. AXn\mbn kl{km

\mb almtZhs ( almtZhs\) R [ym\np
p. cp{Z AXn Rsf t{]cns.)

(R \mcmbWs\ Adnbm B{Klnpp.

AXn\v hmkptZhs\ [ym\npp. AXn hnjvWp
Rv {]tNmZ\acpfs.

23. XXv ]pcpjmb hnZva tl almtZhmb [oaln

Xtm cp{Zx {]tNmZbmXv

30. h{P\Jmb hnZvatl XovW

ZwjvSmb [oaln
Xtm \mcknwlx {]tNmZbmXv

XXv ]pcpjs\ ]pcpjs\ (]cammhv) R

Adnbs. almtZhs\ R [ym\npp. AXn\v
cp{Z Rsf t{]cnns.

24. XXv]pcpjmb hnZvatl

h{IXpWvU mb [oaln
Xtm Znx {]tamZbmXv
(]cammhns\ R Adnbs. hf Xpn

sbpff tZhs\ R [ym\npp. AXn Zn

Rv {]tNmZ\acpfs.)

(R `mkvIcs\ Adnbm\m{Klnpp. alyp

XnIcs\ [ym\npp. AXn\v BZnXy {]tNmZ\
acpfs.

31. sshizm\cmb hnZvatl emeoemb [oaln

Xtm Anx {]tNmZbmXv
(R sshizm\cs\ Adnbm\m{Klnpp.

614

I AXn\v emeoes\ [ym\npp. ( emeob AnbpsS

Hcp ]cymbamWv) AXn\v An {]tNmZ\w \Is.

33. ImXymb\mb hnZvatl I\ymIpamcn [oaln

Xtm Zpnx {]mtNmZbmXv
R ImXymb\s\ Adnbm\m{Klnpp.
AXn\v Ipamcnsb [ym\npp. AXn\v Zpn {]tNmZ\
acpfs. ( Zp Xs Zpn)

34. kl{k]cam tZho iXaqe iXmpcm

kw lcXp ta ]m]w Zpm
Zpxkz]v\m \min\o.
(BbncWn\v HuXnjvIrjvSyapffXpw, tZhn
bpw At\Iw apcpI tNXpw \qdpIWn\v apfI
fpffXpw Zpxkz]v\\min\nbpw Bb IdpIpv Fs
Fm ]m]hpw \inns.

35. ImWv UmXv ImWvUmXv {]tcmlo ]cpjx

]cpjx]cn
Ghm t\m Zpt {]X\p klt{kW
itX\ N
( Hmtcm apn \npw karnbmbn hopw apfp
hcp IdptI, C{]Imcw Rsfbpw iXambpw kl{k
ambpw hnnpI.)

36. bm itX\ {]Xt\mjn klt{kW

hntcmlkn
XkymkvtX tZhojvStI hnt[a lhnjm hbw
(Bcm[ybmb tZhn, IdptI, bmsXmv \qdpIWmbn hnpp, BbncIWmbn hfcpp. As\bpff \n\v R lhnpsImv Bcm[\sNpp.)

37. Aiz{Imt cY{Imt hnjvWp{Imt

hkpcm
inckm [mcbnjyman ckz amw ]tZ ]tZ.
Aiz ,NhnnbXpw cY DcpXpw, hnjvWp
NhnnbnpffXpamb `qan, incpsImv Rm \ns
[cnpp Fs ASnbvSn cnpI.

38. {`pant[\p[cWo temI[mcnWo

DrXmkn hcmtlW IrjvtW\
iX _mlp\m
(]iphns\tmse ]pjv Sn Zmbn\nbpw, temI[mcn
Wnbpw Bb `qan At\Iw ssIItfmSp IqSnb hcml
cq]nbmb IrjvW\m \o DcnshfmWv)

39. arntI l\ ta ]m]w bbm Zpjv IrXw

arntI {_Zmkn Imiyt]\m`n
a{nXm

arntb tZln ta ]pjvS nw Xzbn kw

{]XnjvT nXw.

(Atbm arntI (`qan) bmsXmcp ZpjvI rX

Fm IrXyambn AXv \innmepw. arntI, \o
{_ZbmWv, Imiy]\m A`na{nXbmWv. arn
tI, F\nv ]pjvSn \IpI. \nn \nv khw
{]XnjvTamIpp.

40. arntI {]XnjvTntX kw

Xt \nWpZ arntI
Xzbm ltX\ ]mt]\
Kman ]camw KXnw.
(arntI, {]XnjvTnXbmbhsf, Fs Fm
]m]hpw \innpI. Fm lXamb ]m]m
Rm ]caamb KXn {]m]npp.

41. bX C{ `bmatl
XtXm t\m A`bw Ir[n
aLhcKvn Xh X
DuXtb hnZzntjm hnart[m Pln.
( tl C{, FhnsS \nv Rv `bapmIpp,
AhnsS \nv Rv B`bw sNbvXmepw. aLh,
AbpsS `\mb RfpsS ]m]w \innpI.
RfpsS DuXnmbn (c) bpnse i{Xpsf
\innmepw.)

42. kzkvX nZm hnikv]Xn

hr{Xlm hnart[m hio
hrtj{x ]pc GXp \x
kzkvXnZm A`bcx
(awKfw \Iph\pw hnikv]Xnbpw (P\cI)
hr{Xlmhpw ( hr{Xs\ sImh) bpn hnP
bnbpw, hjw \Iph\pw, A`bw \Iph\pw
Bb C{ RfpsS ]ptcm`mKn hcpamdmIs.

43. kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr{ihmx

kzkvXn \x ]qj hnizthZmx
kzkvXn \kvX mtym AcnjvSt\anx
kzkvX n t\m _rlkv]XnZ[mXp.
(hr{ihmb (henb Ionam) C{ \
Acpfs. hnizthZmhmb (Fmw Adnbp) kqcy
\apv \ \Is. AcnjvSt\anbmb (B]Ip
) KcpU \apv \ \Is. _rlkv]Xn \apv
awKfw \Is.

615

I 44.

B]ma\ykvXr]e {]`tm
[p\nx inaohm icpam EPojo
tkmtam hnizm\yXkmh\m\n
\mmKn{w {]Xnam\m\n t`Zpx

B]Xa\yphpw (tIm]anm) Xr]e {]`mhpw

(aqpineIfm {]lcnp) [p\nbpw (i{Xpkwlmc
I) inaohm\pw (Ibp) iXam\pw (Bbp[[mcn)
EPojnIw (tkmagnb) Bb tkma AXkmh\sf
(hch\) hfpp. {]Xnam\ (FXncfhp
I) C{s\ Ahmmbn (Iogvtmv) Xmgvpn.

45. {_m\w {]Yaw ]pckvX mZzn

koaXx kpcptNm th\ Bhx
k _p[v\nbmw D]am Aky hnjvTmx
kX tbm\nakX hnhx
( apv {_n \nv P\nh\pw, BZyapmb
h\pw tim`mhm\pw Bb th\ ( kqcy) AXnn
I hsc hntijnv BhcWw sNpp. Ah Aco
nepffhbpw BhcWw sNpp. Chs kZri
]Zm hnhn[amWv . A h k nsbpw,
Aknsbpw Dhm\hpw hym]vXampp.

46. tkym\m ]rYnhn `hm \rcm \nthi\o

bm \x iaa k{]Yamx
(`qXPmeP\\nbpw AhbYm m\ \nthinnp
hfpw {]ikvXbpw Bb `qan, tkym\bmbn (ZpxJ\m
in\n) XocpI, Rv kpJw \IpI.

49. kzkvXn t\m aLhm ItcmXp

lp ]m]vam\w tbm kvam tZzjvSn.
C{ Rp \ sNs. Rsf t{Zmln
p ]m]nsb \inns.

50. tkmam\w kzcWw IrWpln

{_Wkv]tX, Iohw b HuinPw
icocw biaew, IpkoZw
Xkva n koZXp tbm kvam tZzjvSn.
({_lvWkv ] tX (thZ\mYbp]cammth)
tkmackm DmIp Fs Huinns ]p{X\mb
Iohm F Ejnsbtmse {]kn\mnXo
mepw. Fs icocs tbmKw sNm iampI,
bmsXmcph Rsf tZzjnpp. Ah \cInse
s.)

51. NcWw ]hn{Xw hnXXcw ]pcmWw

tb\ ]qXkvXcXn ZpjvIrXm\n
tX\ ]hnt{XW ipt\ ]qXm
AXn ]m]vam\acmXnw Xtca.
(hnXXambn (hym]n) ]pcmX\amb ]mZw ]cnip
amIpp. bmsXmp sImv ]qX\ambn ZpjvIrXsf
XcWw sNpp. ]cniphpw \nehpamb AXpsIm
v hnipcmbn ]m]amIp i{Xphns\ AXn{Ianv
R XcWw sNs.)

47. KZzmcm Zpcm[jmw

\nXy]pjvSmw IcojnWow
Cuizcow k {`qXm\mw
Xmantlm]lztb {inbw.

52. ktPmjm C{ kKtWm acpZv`nx

KZzmcbpw (Kwhgn AdnbsSph) Zpcm[

jbpw, \nXy]pjvSbpw, IcojnWnbpw (hfw tNh)
kh`qXfptSbpw Cuizcnbpw Bb B eva nsb
ChnsS Rm Ba{Ww sNpp.

(hrXm\pkmcw sImh\pw, iqc\pw hnZzm\pamb

C{m, KWklnX\mbn acpptfmSp IqSn hv
kktmjw tkmacks, IpSnpI, i{Xpsf
\innpI. bpn\v hnpff i{Xpsfbpw
\innpI. ]ns Rv Fm hn[nepw A`bw
\IpI.

48. {iota `PXp, Aeva ota \iyXp

hnjvWpapJm ssh tZhmivOtm`n
cnam temIm\]Pa`yPb
alm Ct{m h{Pq_mlpx
tjmUio i bXp.
({io Fs `Pns, Aevao F\nv \ins.
hnjvWp apXemb tZhm thZhnKnXIfm Cu
temIsf aphv Pbnm\mIhn[w Pbnp.
h{P_mlphpw, aKm\pamb C{\pw, ]Xn\mdp IeI

fm N{\pw kpJw \Is.

tkmaw ]n_ hr{Xl iqc hnZzm

Pln i{Xq A] art[m \pZkzm[m`bw
IrWplnhniztXm \x

53. kpan{X \ B] Huj[b kp

Zpan{XmkvXkvssa Zqb kqtmkvam
tZzmjvSn bw N hbw Zznjvax
Rv Pehpw, Hmj[nbpw \ an{Xfmbn
`hns. bmsXmcph Rsf tZzjnpp. bmsXmcp
hs\ R tZzjnpp, Ah\v tZmjw sNp an{X
DmIs.)

616

I 54.

Bt]m ln jvTm atbm`phkvXm \ Duw

Z[mX\, atlcWmb Ntk. tbm
hx inhXtam ckvkvXky `mPbtX l\x
DiXocnh amXcx Xkvam Acw Kama
thm bky bmb Pn\zY. Bt]m
P\bYm N \x

(Atbm ApIsf, \n B\ZmbIsfv

{]knamWtm. As\bpff \n Rv
in \Inbmepw, alpw tim`\hpamb m\n
\mbn, bmsXmptm \nfpsS awKfXcamb ckw,
AXn\v ChnsS Rsf `mK`mmnbmepw kvt \ln
p Aamsctmse \nfpsS m\tv thK
n R t]mImw. Rv ApIsf, P\nn
pIbpw sNbvXmepw.

55. lncWyirwKw hcpWw {]]tZy

Xow ta tZln bmNnXx
bbm `pakm[q\mw
]mt]`y {]Xn{Klx
(kphamb IncoStmSp IqSnb hcpWs\ Rm
icWw {]m]npp. bmNnp F\nv Xo Pew
Xmepw. Rm ]m]nIfpsS `Ww Ignnpv, ]m]n
Ifn \nv km\hpw kzoIcnnpv.

56. bt a\km hmNm IWm hm

ZpjvIrXw IrXw
X Ct{m hcptWm _rlkvXnx
khnXm N ]pp ]p\x ]p\x.
(bmsXmcp ZpjvIrXw Fm a\km hmNm IaWm
sNsnptm. AXns\ C{\pw, hcpW\pw, _rl
kv]Xnbpw, khnXmhpw hopw hopw ipoIcns.

57. \tamtb ]vkpatX \a C{mb

\tam hcpWmb \tam hmcpssWy \tamZv`yx.
(Penepff Anpw, C{\pw, hcpW\pw, hmcp
Wnpw \akvImcw. ApIv \akvImcw.

58. bZ]mw {Iqcw bZKta[yw

bZimw XZ]KXmXv
ApIfpsS bmsXmv {Iqchpw, Aimhpambnp
tm AsXmw ZqcnemIs.

59. AXymi\mZXo]m\mXv
b D{KmXv {]Xn{KlmXv
Xt hcptWm cmPm
]mWn\m lyhaiXp.

AXymi\mepw, AXn]m\mepw D{Kamb

{]Xn{Klmepw bmsXmcp ]m]apmbnptm AXns\
cmPmhmb hcpW ssIsImv AIpamdmIs,

60. tkm la]mt]m hnctPm

\nptm apInev _njx
\mIky ]rjvTamcply KtZv
{_ ktemIXmw.
(As\bpff Rm ]m]anmh\mbn ctPm
KpWanmh\mbn \nap\mbn ]m]lo\\mbn
kzns D]cntIdn {_ns kmtemIyw {]m]n
s.

61. bm]vkp hcpWx k ]p\mXzLajWx

(bmsXmcph\mtWm Pen ]m]\miI\mb
hcpW Atlw ipoIcnpamdmIs.

62. Caw ta KwtK bapt\ kckzXn

ipXp{Zn kvtXmaw kNXm ]cpjv Wnbm
AknIv\nbm acpZzrt[ hnXkvXbm
PoIotb irWplym kptjmabm.
(Atbm KwtK, bapt\, kckzXn, ipXp{Zn,
hcphrt[, BPnXIotb ]cpjvaWntbmSpw AkvIn\n
tbmSpw hnXkvXtbmSpw kptjmatbmSpw IqSn Fs Cu
kvtXm{Xw Fmhcpw IqSntv tImepw.

63. EXw N kXyw Nm`ozm]tkm [yPmbX

XtXm cm{XncPmbX XXx
kapt{Zm A]hx
64. kap{ZmZhmZ[n kwhtcm APmbX
Atlmcm{XmWn hnZ[Zznizky anjtXm hio.
65. kqcymN{aku [mXm bYm]qaIev]bXv
Znhw N ]rYnhow NmcnatYm kphx
(\mep]mSpw {]Iminp X]n \nv [hpw
kXyhpw Dmbn. AXn \nv Xs Pe]qamb
kap{Zw. kap{Zn \nv A\cw kwhcapmbn.
]Iepw cm{Xnbpw \nnp Cuizc Pohnp
hnizns \mY\mIpp. hn[mXmhv kqcyN{m
scbpw, ]gXpt]mse \nnpw. kzw, `qan, A
cow, BImiw Chbpw Iev]np.)

66. bXv ]rYnhymw cPx kzamcnt hntcmZko

CamwkvXZmt]m hcpWx ]p\mXzLajWx
]p\phkhx ]p\mXp hcpWx
]p\mXzLajWx
Gj `qXky at[y `ph\ky tKm]vXm

617

DXv IrjvS amb lrZbn ]me\w sNbvX v tkma

(DamklnX\mb tZh) _rlmbn hfv, kphm
\\mbn (IZmXmhv) Cpls\tmse ktmjw \
Ipp.

(]rYnhnbnepw, Aconepw, kz`qanIfn

epw bmsXmcp kzIob]m]w AXn\nv Cu Rsf
ApIfmIp tZhXbpw ]m]\miI\mb hcpW\pw
ipoIcns. hkp ipoIcns. hcpW
ALajWs\ Ejn, Ch cns. Cu hcpW
`qX`mhnIfpsS a[ynepff temIns cI\mWv,
Ch ]pWyw sNbvXhv DNnXfmb temI
\Ip ]m]nIv bas lncbsa temIw
\Ipp. Ah \apv B\acpfs, ]m] apcmn Rsf A\p{Klns.

Hmw A\phmIw Ignp.

67. B{Zw PzeXn tPymXnclakvan tPymXn

PzeXn {_mlkvan tbm lakvan
{_mlkvan. Alakvan {_ml
akvan Altahmlw amw Pqtlman kzmlm
(\\ hnv apfbvpXpt]mse {]fb Pe
n \nv Cu {]]w krjvSnp ]catPymXnp
Rm\mWv. Rm XsbmWv {_w. Rm Fs
]catPymXnn tlmanpp.

68. AImcyImcyhIotm
kvtXt\m {`qWlm KpcpXev]Kx
hcptWm ]maLajW
Xkva mXv ]m]mXv {]apNytX.
AImcyImcn (sNtmXv sNph) Ah
Io ({hX`wKwhcpph) kvtX\ (tNmc)
{`qWlm (K`]mXw hcpph) KpcpXev]mK
(Kpcp]Xv\nsb {]m]nph) Chcpw ]m]apcmIp
p. ImcWw PetZhXbmb hcpW ]m]lmcnbmWv)

69. ctPm{`pankvXzw amw tcmZbkz

{]hZn[ocmx
Rm ]m]fpsS ctPm`qanbmWv (m\w) \o
Fs Icbnnq Fv [ocm ]dbpp.

70. B{Im kap{Zx {]Yta hn[

P\b {]Pm `ph\ky cmPm
hrjm ]hnt{X A[n kmt\m Athy
_rltmtam hmhrt[ kphm\ Cpx
(kap{Zw (]cammhv) Fmw B{Ianv \nevpp.
BZyw [n\\pkcnv {]PIsf P\nnv `ph\
ns cmPmhmbn A`ojvS hjnp ]cnipambn

Gj ]pWyIrXmw temImt\j
artXym lncbw
Zymhm]rYnthymlncbw kw{inXw
kphx k\x kphx kwinim[n.

A\phmIw cv
1.

PmXthZtk kp\hma tkma

acmXobtXm \nZlmXn thZx
k \x ]jZXn ZpmWn hnizm
\mthh knpw ZpcnXmXymnx

(PmXthZn\mbn (An) tkmacks ]ngns

Sps. m\m kqNnnsSp An i{Xp
fmbXohsc ZlnntW. B An IepsImv
knphns\ Ft]mse \psS Fm Zpsfbpw
Apdv cntW. ZpcnXsf AIn cn tW

2.

XmanhWmw X]km Pzeow

sshtcmN\ow Ia^tejp PqjvSmw
Zpmw tZhow icWalw {]]tZy
kpXckn Xctk \ax

(Anhbpw X]psImv Pzennphfpw,

tim`bam\bpw, Ie tNhfpw Bb ZpmtZ
hnsb Rm icWw {]m]npp. Ffpn adpIsc
F n p h s f , R s f t h K n A s c
FnpI)

3.

At Xzw ]cbm \thym Akvan

kzkvX n`ncXn ZpmWn hnizm
]p ]rYzo _lpfmN Do
`hmtXmImb X\bmb iwtkmx

(tl At, \hy\mb \o Rsf kzkvXnIfm

Fm Zpsfbpw AXn{Ianv adnIcbnsenpI.
Nppw `qanbpw Irjnehpw [mcmfapmIs. tXmI
n\pw (km\w) X\bpw (IpnI) kpJw
tbmPnnph\mbn `hnmepw.)

4.

hnizm\n t\m Zp{Klm PmXthZx

knpw \ \mhm ZpcnXmX]jn
At A{Xnh\km KrWmt\m
kvamIw t_m[yhnXm X\q\mw

(Atbm PmXthZ, B]p\innp `hm

RfpsS Fm ZpcnXsfbpw \uIsImv knp
hns\tmse AXn{Ianv \innmepw.)

618

I 5.

]rX\mPnXw klam\ap{Ka\nw
lptha ]camXv k[mXv
k \x ]jZXn ZpKmn hnizm
matthm AXn ZpcnXmXynx

(ssk\ysf Pbnh\pw kw klnph\pw

`bc\pw Bb Ansb DXvIrjvSamb m\p\nv
Rv Blzm\w sNpp. B tZh\hmb An
\psSm Zpsfbpw (B]v) AXn{Ianv \inn
s, ZpcnXsf AXn{Ianv Atlw cns.)

6.

{]Xvt\mjn IaotUym A[ztcjp

k\mtlmXm \hy kn
Xzmw Nmt X\phw ]n{]bkzm
kva`yw N ku`KambPkz.

{`pctb ]rYznsshy kzmlm, `qthm

hmbth Acomb kzmlm, kphcm
ZnXymb Znth kzmlm, \tam tZth`yx,
kz[m ]nXrt`ym `{`q`phx kphc Hmw.
(`qanpw `qx `ph,x kzx Fo aqp hymlrXnI
pI BZnXy\pw tZymhn\pw lhnv kanpp.
tZhmv \akv I mcw, ]nXrv kz[. At,
Fs AwKoIcnpI.
\mew A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw Av
1.

A[cfn (bmKw) CuUyXmb AnbkpJw

Dmpp. appffhhmbn, Ctmgpffh\pambn,
bmKfn tlmXmhmbn Av hknpp. tl At,
Xs tZlsbpw kpJabampI. Rpw ku`m
KyacpfpI.)

7.

tKm`nPpjvSabptPm \njnw
Xth{ hnjvt Wmc\pkwNtca
\mIky ]rjvTa`nkwhkmt\m
sshjvWhow temI ClamZbmw

tl C{, ]m]lo\\pw khym]nbpw Bb A

bpsS tKmfm tkhnsSpXpw AarX[mcbm
\\bvsXpamb ]Zs \apv ]cnNcnmw. kz
nsepw IgnbptZhm hnjvWp `nsb Cu
temIn \In ktmjns.
cmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw aqv
1.

"`qcatb ]rYnsshy kzmlm,

`pthmw hmbthcomb kzmlm,
kphcamZnXymb Znth kzmlm `q`ph
phcw N{amtkm ZnKv`yx kzmlm,
\tam tZth`yx kz[m ]nXrt`ym `q`phxkphc
tama.

A\phmIw \mev

{`qctb N ]rYznsshy N altX N

kzmlm, `pthm hmbth Acmb N
altX N kzmlm, {`p`phph{atk
N \t{X`y ZnKv`y altX N
kzmlm, \tam tZth`yx kz[m ]nXrt`ym,
`q`phx kphaltcmav.

(`qan, An, ]rYnhn, hmbp, A\cow, `ph

temIw, kztemIw, N{, \{X, ZnpI, tZh
m, ]nXr Chsmw Rm ]qP Anpp.)
Amw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw Bdv
1.

]mln t\m At G\tk kzmlm, ]mln

t\m hnizthZtk kzlm,
bw ]mln hn`mhtkm kzmlm,
kw ]mln iX{ItXm kzmlm.

(AtX ]m]n \nv Rsf cnpI. PRm

\n\v Rsf cnpI. bPvRs cnpI. \qdp
tbmK sNbvX C{m kIeXpw cnpI.)
Bdmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw Ggv
]mln t\m A GIbm,]mlypX ZznXo
bbm,]mly p P wXr X obbm] ml n K o`n
Xkr`nhtkm kzmlm.

(An\mbn Anpw ]rYnbvpw s\v ka

npp. An\mbn hmbphn\pw Acon\pw
lhnv Anpp. An\mbn `qan, BImiw,
kzw, N{, ZnpI Chv lhnv Anpp.
tZhmv \akvImcw. ]nXrv kz[. `qan kzw
BImiw Ch Rv Aw \Is.)

(AtX Hp sImv Rsf cnpI. cmat

XpsImpw aqmatXpsImpw Rsf insb
cnpI hkphmb tZhv, Rsf \mepKocpIfm
(\mepthZ) ]menpI.)

aqmw A\phmIw Ignp.

Ggmw A\phmIw Ign p.

619

I A\phmIw Fv
1.

bkmarjt`m hnizcq]tm
`rivOmwkymhnthi kXmwinIyx
t{]mhmtNm]\njZt{m tPyjvT C{nbmb
Ejnt`ym \tam tZth`yx kzm[m ]nXrt`ym
`q`phhivO Hmav.

(thZfn shv bmsXmcm t{ijvT\pw thZ

fn \nv PmX\pw k\v {]m]Wob\pw
t{ijvT\pw Bb C{ aljnamv C{nbPbn\v
D]\nj{Zlky hnZysb D]tZinp. As\bpff
tZhmv \akvImcw. ]nXrv kz[. `q; `phx)
Fmw A\phmIw Ignp.

bZypth bpth lhmw hnlzbnjyman Iw

]XnjymaotXyhaarXmZmm\w PqKp]vtkXv.

(\hw ]qp\np hrns Kw

Zqctbvv hoipXpt]mse ]pWyIns Zqc
tv hoipp. AXpt]mse Ipgnbn sh hmfns
hmbve Rm Nhnn \Smw Fp]dv \Sm
Ipgnbn hogpw. hnlze\mbnocmsX (amb) knnpX
Iphn[w Bmhns\ cnm\m{KlnWw.
]Xns\mmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw ]{v
1.

A\phmIw HXv
1.

\tam {_tW, [mcWw ta AkvXp

\ncmIcWw [mcbnXm {`pbmkw, Itbmx
{ipXw amthymVw amamapjy Hmav.

({_n\v \akvImcw. F\nv [mcW imnbp

mIs. \ncmIcnmsX kIeXpw Hmph\mIs.
sNhn apXemb C{nbfm Adnbm IgnsXmpw
\jvSamImXncns.)

(AWphns\m AWphmbnpffXpw alns\

m almbnpffXpamb Bmhv Cu Pphns
(Pohn) lrZb Kplbn nXnsNpp. hnjbm`nemjc
lnX B alXzapffCuis\ Cuizcs {]kmZm
ImWpp. kpJZpxJclnX\mbnocpIbpw sNpp.

2.

kvX {]mWmx {]`hn XkvamXv

k]vXmnjx kan[x kvXPnlzmx
k]vX Cta temIm tbjv S Ncn {]mWm
KplmibmnlnXmx k]vX k]vX.

3.

AXx kap{Zm Knc kct

kvamyt knhx kcq]mx
AX hnizm Hmj[tbm cmkm
tbss\j {`pX kvXnjvTXycmm

HXmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw ]v
EXw X]x kXyw X]x {ipXw X]x
imw Xt]m ZakvXx iakvXt]m Zm\w tXm
bw Xt]m {`p`phx kph{_
GXZp]mkz GXx
(a\km kev]nsSp kXyw X]mWv. thZm
[yb\w, _mlym`ytc{nbfpsS D]cnXnbmIp
imn, X]v, Zm\w, bw, Ch X]Ipp. `q, `phx
kpJx "" Cu aqp hymKrXnIfpw {_amIpp. AXns\
D]mknpXpw X]mWv.
]mw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw ]Xns\mv
1.

bYm hrky kw]pjv] nXky

ZqcmXv Ktm
hmtXyhw ]pWyky ItWm
ZqcmXv Ktm
hmXn, bYmkn[mcmw It
hlnXmah{Ita

AtWmcWobm altXm alobm

Bm Kplmbmw \nlntXm ky Ptm
Xa{IXpx ]iyXn hoXtimtIm
[mXpx {]kmZmlnam\aoiw

(Ch\n \nv kIe kap{Zfpw, ]hXfpw

DmIpp. Ch\n \np Xs Fm hn[nepff
\ZnI HgpIpp. Ch\n \np Xs kIe Hmj
[nIfpw [ym\fpw DmIpp. bmsXmn Ch
`qXfm Nps Acmmhmbn \nesImffpp.
Bckhpw Ah\n \npXs.)

4.

{_m tZhm\mw ]Zhox I\o\mw

Ejn hn{]mWmw alntjm arKmWmw
tiyt\m Kr{[mWmw kz[nXn h\m\mw
tkmax ]hn{XatXyXntc`.

(tZhmcn {_mhpw IhnXIfn ]ZhmIym

\nbpw, _pnammcn Ejnbpw arKfn t]mpw
IgpImcn ]cppw h\fn ]ciphpw bmKfn
tkmambmKhpw ]cnipambn i_vZnpXmbn AXni
bnp hn[n {]tim`npp.)

620

I 5.

APmtaImw temlnipIrjvWmw
_lzow {]Pmw P\bow kcq]mw
AtPm tlytIm PqjamtWm\ptitX
PmltXy\mw `qt`mKatPm \yx.

(Xpeycq]w Ie At\Iw {]PIsf P\nnp

Npav, shfpv, Idpv \ndtmSp IqSn PclnXamb
Hcp {]IrXnsb A\p`hnp Hcp PclnX\mb
hyn euIoIhnjbfn apgpIngnbpp. Pan
m asmcp Poh t`mKsfmw A\p`hnp Xop.
Cu ambm {]IrXnsb ]cnXyPnpp. (]cammhpw
PohmmhpamWv ChnsS ]cmainsSpXv)

6.

lwkxkpNnjZv hkqccnkZv
tlmXm thZnjZXnYn ZqtcmWkXv
\rjZzctkZrXkZv thymakZ_vPm
tKmPm EXPm A{ZnPm EXw _rlXv.

(Ah BImiNmcnbmb lwkhpw (kqcy)

A co k mb hk ph pw (hmb p) t hZnb n
hknp tlmXmhpw (An) Ieifn hknp
AXnYnbpw (tkmackw) \rknepw hckpw
(a\pjycnepw tZhmcnepw Ccnp) EXkpw
(bmKnX) thymakpw (BIminX) A_vPhpw (shffn P\nXv) tKmPbpw (`qanbn P\nXv
EXPbpw (bmKn P\nXv) _rlpw (alpw
BIpp.)

6.

bkva mmXm \ ]cm ss\h InwN

\mk b Bhnthi `ph\m\n hnizm
{]Pm]Xnx {]Pbm kwhnZm\
kv{XoWn tPymXowjn kNtX k tjmUio.

(P\nnpff bmsXmn \nv A\yfm, Hpw

Dmbncpnm bmsXmcph Fm `ph\sfbpw
{]thinp. B {]Pm]Xn {]PItfmSv Hnp aqp
tPymXnpIfmb Hnp tNcpp. Ah ]XnmdpIe
Ifpffh\mWv ({_ns ]Xnmdp IeI {]mW,
{i, BImiw, hmbp, An, Pew, `qan, C{nbw, a\v,
Aw, hocyw, X]v, a{w, Iw, temI, \ma
, ChbmWv)

6.

hn[mcw lhmatl htkmx IphnZv

h\mXn \x khnXmcw\rNkw

(temIs [cnph\pw a\pjycpsS NnmZnI

Adnbph\pw Bb khnXmhns\ R Blzm\w
sNpp. Ah Rp [\w karambn \Is.)

7.

LrXw ananntc LrXaky tbm\n

LrtX {inXu LrXaphky [ma

A\pjzYamhl amZbkz
kzmlmIrXw hrj` hn lhyw.

(LrXw tlmanp; LrXamWv Chs tbm\n.

(Dhm\w) LrXn B{ibnh\mIpp.
LrXmXs Chs [maw. tl At, Hmtcm AW
nepw tZhmsc sImphcpI. aZnnpI. t{ijvT
\mbhs\, kzmlm Fp ]dv tlmanp tlma
{Zhyw hlnpI.

8.

kap{ZmZqn a[pam DZmc

Zq]mwip\m kaarXXzmam\Sv
LrXky \ma Kplyw bZkvXn
Pnlzm tZhm\maarXky \m`nx

(kap{Z hnimeamb krjvSnbn \m`nt]mse

{]]w tX t]mse ktmj{]Zambn Dhnp.
LrXwt]mse t]mjIamb ]cakXyns\ bmsXmcp
Kplyamb \maaptm AXns aamb P]m
AarXXzw {]m]npp. AXv {ZhymcpsS PnlzbmIpp.
AarXns \m`nbnw ( (tI{w) BIpp.

9.

hbw \am {]{_hmam LrtX\m

kvan bt [mcbmam \tam`nx
D] {_m irWhkyam\
NXpx irtKm haoZv Kuc GXXv.

(Cu bn {]Imicq]n R Hmw

F \maw Dcns. \akvImctfmsS Hmns.
\mep irwJtfmSp IqSnb ikyam\amb (]pIgv
sSp) irWh\mb (tIp) Kuc\mb (]cnip
) {_w CXns\ cns.

10. NXzmcn irwKm {Xtbm Aky ]mZm

tZz iotj k]vX lkvXmw tkm Aky
{Xn[m _tm hrjt`m tcmchoXn
atlm tZthm aXym Bhnthi
CXn\v irwJ (sImv) \mseamWv. ]mZ
aqmWv. incpI cmWv. CXn\v ssIbpI GgmWv.
aqp hn[ n _ambnpff hrj `w (Imf)
i_vZ npp. {]mIicq]nbmb tZh a\pjycn
{]thinp. (ChnsS Hmmcw, ]c{_w, [w ChbmWv
]cmainsSpXv. ]cm{]IrXnbpw A]cm{]IrXnbpw
cp incpI; Ggp temI, ssII, Pm{KXv
kz]v\kpjp]vXnI ]mZ)

11.

{Xn[m jnXw ]Wn`nKplyam\w

KhntZhmtkm LrXa\zhn
C{ GIw kqcy GIw PPm\
th\mtZIw kz[bm \njvXpx

621

(tZhkam\cmb an\nam aqp {]Imcn A\p

jvTnsXpw BNmcym clkyambn shsXp
amb LrX (kzbw {]Imiamb ]cakXyw) hmpIfn
{]m]np. C{ Hns\bpw kqcy Hns\bpw
P\nnp. B\ kzcq]amb Hn \np Hv kz{]
XnjvTnXamb BmhpsImv \njv]ambn.)

12. tbm tZhm\mw {]Yaw ]pckvXmX

hnizm[ntIm cpt{Zm aljn
lncWyK`w ]iyX Pmbam\w
k t\m tZhx ip`bm kvXpXym kwbp\p
(At Aw DXvI rjvS\pw EjnIamb bmsXmcp
cp{Z\n tZhmcn shv Hma\mb lncWyK`\p
appXs P\nph\mbn ImWpp, B tZh
\sf ip`amb kvarXntbmSp tbmPnns.)

13. bkva mXv ]cw \m ]cakvXn InnXv

bkva mmWotbm \ PymtbmfkvXn InXv
hr Ch kvX_vt[m ZnhnXnjvT tXyI
kvtXt\Zw ]qWw ]pcptjW khw
(bmsXmn \nv ]cambntm A]cambntm Hpw
Zlnpn. bmsXmns\m sNdpXmbntmhepXm
bntm Hn. bmsXmcph hrstmse kvX w`n
h\mbn GI\mbn tZymhn nXnsNpp B
]pcpj CsXmw ]qamWv.

14. \ IWm \ {]Pbm [t\\

XymtKss\tI AarXXzam\ip
]tcW\mIw \nlnXw Kplmbmw
hn{`mPtX bZyXtbm hnin
Ime, {]P (kXn) sIm, [\me,
XymKw sImmWv Nne tamw {]m]nXv. bmsXmn
s\bXnam {]thinpp, AXv kzn\pw Apdv
DffXmWv lrZbKplbn AXv {]Iminpp.)

15. thZm hnm\ kp\nnXmmx

k\ymktbmKmXv bXbx ipkzmx
tX {_temImjp ]cmImte
]cmarXm ]cnapNyn kth
(thZmm\w sImv Aw \nbw hcpnbnpffhcpw k\ymk tbmKm hnipmxIcW
mcpw Bb Fm bXnIfpw DXvIrjvShpw acWclnXhp
amb {_ambnov Ahkm\Imev {_temI
fn ]qambn apmcmbnocpp.

16. Z{lw hn]mlw hcthiva`qXw

bXv ]pcoIw ]pca[ykww

X{Xm]nZt{l KK\w hntimIw

Xkvan bZkvXZp]mknXhyw
Z{lhpw (Aev]w) hn]m]hpw (]m]anm) hcth
iy`qXhpw (Bmhns Ahkm\w) ]pca[ykww
(icoca[ynXw) Bb bsXmcp ]pcoIw (lrZbIaew) AhnsSbpw Aev ev timIclnXamb
bmsXmcp BXXzw AXv, D]mknstSXmWv.

17. tbm thZmZu kzcx t{]mtm thZmt N

{]Xnjv T nXx
Xky {]IrXneo\ky bx ]cx k atlizcx
thZn BZnbn bmsXmcp kzcw ]dbsp,
thZmnepw Ddnp ]dp. {]IrXnbn ebnp
tNcp A Xn\pw Apdv bmsXmcph\mtWm
Ah\mWv atlizcCuizc

A\phmIw ]Xnaqv
1.

kll{kiojw tZhw hnizmw

hniz iw`phw
hnizw \mcmbWw tZhacw ]caw ]Zw

2.

hnizXx ]caw \nXyw hnizw \mcmbWw lcnw

hniztathZw ]pcpjx kvXZznizap]PohXn

3.

]Xnw hnizkymtizcw imizXw

inhaNypXw
\mcmbWw almtbw hnizmm\w
]cmbWw

(Cu hnizw ]pcpj XsbmWv. AXpsImv

Bbncw incpIfpffh\pw {]Imikzcq]\pw At\Iw
Ipffh\pw temIawKfZmbI\pw {]] kzcq]I\pw
\ckaqlns {]`phpw tZh\pw \mianmh\pw
]ca{]Zambh\pw {]]n\v AXoX\pw \nXy\pw
hniz\pw \mcmbW\pw lcnbpw (]m]\miI) hniz\m
Y\pw Btizc\pw imizX\pw awKf kzcq]\pw ANyp
X\pw \c\mbn AhXcnh\pw almtb\pw hnizm
mhpw ]cmbW\pw (DXvIrjvSamb {]m]ym\w) Bb
tZhs\ Cu hnizw D]Pohnpp.)

4. \mcmbWx ]cw {_ XXzw \mcmbWx ]cx

\mcmbWx ]cw tPymXncmm \mcmbWx ]cx
\mcmbWmx ]tcm[ymXm [ym\w \mcmbWmx ]cx
(\mcmbW ]caamb {_mhmIpp; ]caamb
XXzamIpp; ]caamb tPymXnmIpp; ]cammhm
Ipp. ]caamb [ymXmhpw [ym\hpw Fmw \mcmbW
Xs)

622

I 5.

b InnXv PKXykvan ZriytX

{irbtX]n hm
A_ln XXv khw hym]y
\mcmbWx nXm

(Cu PKn Fsmw hkvXp ImWsSp

p; tIsSpp AsXmw AIpw ]pdpw
hym]np \mcmbW \nesImffpp.

A\yahybw Ihnw kapt{Zw hnizw`phw

]tImi{]XoImiw lrZbw
Nm]yt[mapJw.
(Aanmh\pw \mianmh\pw Ihnbpw
(kh) hniz iw`ph\pw (temIn\v kpJw
\Ipp) Bb \mcmbWs\ [ym\npI Xmacsamn\p
Xpeyamb lrZbhpw Xmtgmp apJapffXmbncnpp.

7.

At[m\njvSym hnXkvXymt \m`ymap

]cnXnjvTXn
lrZbw XZv hnPm\obmZv hnizkymbX\w
alXv

(bmsXmv \njvTnbpsS Xmsg (IWvTIq]n\p

Xmsg) hnXkvX ymn (cp{ZNmWns Ahkm\w)
\m`npapIfn \npp. Cu lrZbs hnizmm
hns almb BbX\ambn (m\w) a\nemWw

8.

kXw Xp kncm`nkvXp ew_Xym

tImi kn`w
Xkymt kpjncw kqvaw Xkvan khw
{]XnjvT nXw

(BImiknZaman (Xmacsamn\p Xpeyamb

lrZbw) kncIfmb FmbnSpw hym]nv XqnnS
pp. AXns An\v kqvaamb kpjncapv.
AXns An\v kqvaamb kpjncapv. AXn
Fmw {]XnjvTnXambncnpp.

9.

Xkyatyalm\n hnizmn
hniztXmapJx
tkm {K `pIvhn`P XnjvTmlmc
aPcx Ihnx
10. XncyKq[za[ximbo civabkvXky kXm
km]bXn kzw tZlam]mZXe akvXIw
11. \oe tXmbZa[ym hnZyptJh`mkzcm
\ohmc iqI]\zo ]oXm`mkzXyWp]cam

(AXns a[yn hnizmnpw (FmbnSpw

Pzmebpff hniztXmapJambn A{K`pmbn (BZyw
`np) Blmcs hn`PnpXmbn nXnsNp
Xpw PcbnmXpw Ihnbpw (Fmadnbp) Bb

bmsXmcp almb An AXv kzamb tZls

B]mZNqVw NqSpffXmpp. AXns a[yn
AXyw kqva hpw ImtaLfpsS \Sphnepff
ansImSnt]mse tim`npXpw hcns\ns ap\
pt]mse Irihpw a\ndnepffXpw AWpXpey
hpw Bb hninJ nXnsNpp.

12. Xkymx inJmbm aty ]camm hyhnXx

k {_ kinhx (k lcnwx) tk{x
tkmcx ]caxkzcmSv
(B inJbpsS ayn ]cammhv \nesImffpp.
AXv {_amXpp. AXv inh\mIpp. AXv hnjvWphpw
C{\pamIpp. AXv \miclnXhpw DXvIrjvShpw kzbw
{]Imicq]hpamIpp.

A\phmIw ]Xnmev
1. BZntXym hm Gj Gaeew X]Xn,
X{X Xm EN kvXZrNmaWvUew, k ENmw
temtIm Y b Gj GXkvan ate n
o]ytX Xm\n kmam\n, k kmav\mw temtIm Y
b Gj GXkvan ate njn ]pcpjp
kvXm\n bPpwjn k bPpjm aew
k bPojmw
temIx sskjm {Xth hnZy X]Xn k
GtjmcZmtXy lncbx ]pcpjx
(Ch Xobmbpw BZnXy\mWv. Cu aWvUes
X]nnpp. AhnsS Ah EXpfmWv. Ah Ep
IfmWv. aeamIs EpIfpsS m\amWv. bmsXmcp
{]Imiw Cu aWvUen DPzenpp. Ah kma
fmIpp. AXv kmafpsS m\amWv . ]ns
bmsXmcph Cu aen Dff P]mebn Dtm
B ]pcpj bppIfmWv. AXv bPppsImpff
aeamWv. Ah bPppIfpsS m\amIpp. B
{XbohnZyXs {]IminXamIpp. BZnXys A`mK
pff ]pcpj lncb ]pcpj\t{X.

A\phmIw ]Xn\v
1.

BZntXym ssh tXP HmtPm

_ew bipx
t{im{Xamm at\m a\ypa\p
arXyqx ktXym
ant{Xm hmbpcmImix {]mtWm temI]mex
IxInw Iw XXyaaartXm Pothm hnizx
IXax kzbw`q {_ssXZarX Gj ]pcpj
Gj `qXm\m[n]Xn {_Wx kmbpPyw

623

ktemIXmam]vt \mXyXmkmtah tZhXm\mw

kmbpPyw kmjvSnXmw kam\temIXm
am]vt \mXn
b Ghw thtZXyp]\njXv.
(BZnXy XsbmIpp, tXPv, HmPv, _ew,
in, biv, Npv, sNhn, icocw, a\v, tIm]w,
a\p, arXyp, kXyw, an{X, hmbp, BImiw, {]mW,
C{mZnIv]mem, {_mhv, A\nhN\obamb XXzw,
kpJw ]cakXyw, {]IrXntamw, Poh, temIw,
]caambkpJw, kzbw `qhmb {_w acWclnX\mb
]pcpj CtlamIs `qXfpsS A[n]XnbmWv.
bmsXmcm CXdnbpp, Ah {_mW\mIpp.k
Ah {_kmbpPyw {]m]npp. Cu tZhmcpsS
kmbqPys AXpt]mse kam\amb temIs
{]m]npp Fv D]\njv D]tZinpp.

2.

LrWn kqcy BZntXymabn X]x kXyw

a[p cn, XZv {_XZm], Bt]m tPymXn
ctkmarXw {_ `q`phx kphtcma

(LrWn ({]ImiZmXmhv)e kqcy, BZnXy {]WhhmNyamb {_w Chsbmw Xs {_s An

pp. X]v, kXyw, a[p (D]mk\bpsS ew) \
Ipp. AXv {_amIpp. AXv Pew t]mse khhym]nbmWv. {]Imikzcq]amWv. ckkzcq]amWv. AarX
kzcq]amWv. {_amWv. `qtemIw, `phtemIw, kz
temIw Chsbmw Xs {]Whcq]amb {_amIpp.

A\phmIw ]Xn\mdv
1.

\n[\]Xtb \ax \n[\XmnImb \ax

Du[zmb \ax Du[zenwKmb \ax
lncWymb \ax
lncWyenwKmb \ax Znhymb \ax
ZnhyenwKmb \ax`hmb
\ax `henwKmb \ax imb \ax i
enwKmb
\ax inhmb \ax inhenwKmb \ax
Pzmemb \ax
PzeenwKamb\ax Bmtb \ax B
enwKmtb \ax
]camtb \ax ]caenwKmb \ax
GXXv tkmaky
kqcyky kenwKw m]bXn ]mWn
a{w ]hn{Xw

(1. \n[]Xnv \akvImcw ({]fbkmn) 2. acW

Imhmb ba\v \akvImcw. 3. apIfn \nesImffp

inh\v \akvImcw., 4. kZminhXXzn\v \akvImcw.

5. kzh\mb inh\v \akvI mcw. 6. kz
\nnX inhenwKn\v \akvImcw. 7. \ Imnbpff
inh\v \akvI mcw. 8. Znhy\mb inhenwKn\v
\akv I mcw. 9. kzcq]nbmb inh\v \akvI mcw.
10. AeuInIenwKcq]nbmb inh\v \akvImcw. 11. awKf
Imc\mb inh\v \akv Imcw. 12. ih\v \akvImcw,.
14. kh\miI\mb inh\v \akvI mcw 15. awKfkzcq
]nbmb inh\v \akvImcw. 16. awKfmb eWw tN
tZh\v \akvImcw. 17. {]Imiam\\v \akvImcw. 18. tPym
XnenwK cq]nv \akvImcw. 19. PKns Bmhmb
tZh\v \akvImcw. 20. Fm PohnIfpsSbpw lrZbn
Dsmffph\v \akvImcw. 21.DXvIrjvS\mb inh\v
\akvImcw. 22. tammIenwKcq]nv \akvImcw. Cu
a{fm DamklnXw Fmn\pw ImcW`qX\pamb
inhs ]cnip {]mWna{cq]\pamb enwKs
`m m]npp.

A\phmIw ]Xnt\gv
1.

ktZymPmXIw {]]Zyan ktZym

PmXmb ssh \tam \ax
`th `th \mXn`th `hkz amw
`thmZv`hmb \ax

(ktZymPmXs\ Rm icWw {]m]npp. ktZym

PmX\v \akvImcw. hopw hopw Pn\v Fs
AbcptX. kwkmcs AXn{Ian tamnte
bvv Fs Abmepw. kwkmcns DZv`hm\amb
inh\v \akvImcw.)

A\phmIw ]Xns\v
1.

hmatZh\mb \tam tPyjvTmb \ax

t{ijvTmb \tam
cp{Zmb \ax Imemb \ax IehnIcWmb \tam
_ehnIcWmb \tam _emb \tam
_ep {]aY\mb
\ax k `qXZa\mb \tam at\m\mb \ax

(hmatZh\v \akvI mcw. 2. Ghpw t{ijvT\mb

tZh\v \akv I mcw. 3. Ghpw t{ijv T\mb tZh\v
\akvImcw. 4. {]fbImev P\sf Icbnnp
tZh\v \akvImcw. 5. Imecq]nbmb tZh\v \akv Imcw.
6. {]Ir Xnbn am ap m n o p tZ h\v
\akvImcw. 7. _en amapmnop tZh\v
\akvImcw. 8. inkzcq]\v \akvImcw. 9. i{XpfpsS
i n \ i n n p h \ v \ a k v I m cw. 1 0 . F m
`qXfpsSbpw A[n]Xnbmb tZh\v \akvImcw 11. Pohn
IfpsS a\ns\ \nb{np tZh\v \akvImcw.

624

I A\phmIw ]sm]Xv
1.

AtLmtct`ym Y tLmtct`ym
tLmctLmcXtc`yx
kXx iktt`ym
\akvtX AkvXp cp{Zcpt]`yx

imambnpffh\pw ]ns tLmcfmbhbpw

Ghpw tLmcXchpamb kIe cp{ZtfmSpw IqSnb
Atbvv tl, inh, kZminh, FmbnSpw \akvIm
cw `hns.

(EXamb kXyhpw (AXy kXyw) ]camb {_hpw

IrjvWhtmSpw ]nwKfhtmSpw tNXpw
Du[ztcXpw (tcXns\ {_c{n [cnp
(hncq]m\pw ({Xnt\{X) ]pcpj\pw (]pcpjcq]w
tNh\pw hnizcq]\pamb tZh\v hopw hopw
\akvImcw.

A\phmIw Ccp]n\mev
1.

ssh cp{Zx ktlm \tam \ax hnizw

`qXw `ph\w

A\phmIw Ccp]Xv
1.

XXv ]pcpjmb hnZvatl hmkptZhmb [oaln

Xtm cp{Zx {]tNmZtbXv

(XXv ] pcpj s\v (]cammhv ) {]kn\mb

]pcpjs\ R Adnbs. hmbptZhs\ R
[ym\npp. AXn\mbn cq{Z Rsf t{]cnns.

A\phmIw Ccp]smv
1.

Cuim\x khnZym\maoizcx
k `qXm\mw
{_m[n]Xn{_tWmXn{_m
inthm ta AkvX p kZminthmav

(kIe hnZyIfpsSbpw \mY\pw kh`qXfp

sSbpw \nbmhpw thZns A[n]Xnbpw {_
ns A[ntZh\pw Bb ]cammhv F\nv awKf
Imcnbmbn im\mbn `hns. kZminh HmmchmNy
amb {_amIpp.

A\phmIw Ccp]ncv
1.

\tam lncWymb _mlth lncWyhmb

lncWycq]mb lncWy]Xtbw _nIm]Xtb
Dam]Xtb ]ip]Xmb \ax

(kzm`cW`qjnXamb ssII tNh\pw

kzm\Lfmb thZm c v Dev ] n
m\hpw kzcq]\pw (1) kns \mY\pw
Aw_nIm\mY\pw Dam]Xnbpw kIe PohnIfpsSbpw
\mY\pw Bb kZminh\v \akvImcw.

A\phmIw Ccp]naqv
1.

EXw kXyw ]cw {_ ]pcpjw

IrjvW ]nwKfw
DuztcXw hncq]mw hnizcq]mb
ssh\tam \ax

ktm ssh cp{Zx Xkvssa cp{Zmb \tam

AkvXp]pcptjm

Nn{Xw _lp[m PmXw Pmbam\w N

bXv ktm
tlyj cp{ZkvXkvssa cp{Zmb \tam AkvXp
(kIeXpw cp{Z\mIpp. B cp{Z\v \akvImcw
`hns. Acymanbmb Bmhpw kmbnpffXpw
almtXPpw cp{Z\mWv. cp{Z\v \akvImcw. {]]hpw
krjvSns Bmfpw ]e {]Imcn Dmbn
pffXpw DmbnsmncnpXpamb hnNn{Xamb
`ph\amsI cp{Z\mIpp. B cp{Z\v \akvImcw `hns.

A\phmIw Ccp]nbv
1.

p{Zmb {]tNXtk aoUpjvSamb Xhytk

thmtNa iaw lrtZ ktmtlyj cp{Z
kvXkvssa cp{Zmb \tam AkvXp

({]tNXpw (hninjvSm\bp) aoUnjvThpw

(B {Kl k m[nnp sImSp p) Xhy pw
(AXninam)lrZ\pw (lrZbn XnsNp)
I{ZpZ\v (kvX pl\mb cp{Z) iwXaamb (awKfIcw)
kvt Xm{Xw R Km\w sNpp. CsXmw cp{Z\m
Ipp. B cp{Z\v \akvImcw `hns.

A\phmIw Ccp]nbmdv
1.

bky sshIXyntlm{X lhWo `hn

{]XnjvT nXmx {]tXyhmkymlpX
bkvXnjvTn
AtYm {]XnjvTnssXy

(bmsXmcphs Antlm{XbmKn BPyw

tlmanp D]IcWw sshbXIv acw sImpmn
bXmtWm Ch BlpXnI {]tXyIw Xs {]XnjvTnXfmbn XnsNpp. ]noSv {]XnjvTnXnv (Nn
ipn Zzmcm XXzm\w t\S) `hnpp.

625

I A\phmIw Ccp]ntbgv
1.

]p\p {_Wk]vXn {_]qXm

]p\mXpamw
kw ]p\p amamt]m kXmw N
bZpnjvSat`mPyw bZzm ZpcnXw aa
{]Xn{Kmlx kzmlm

IrWpjzm ]mP CXn ]

IrWpjzm ]mP Fp XpSp Apa{

m\mP\nse hnLv\ ]cnlcnm\pw i{Xp
kwlmcn\pw ]nbhbmWv Fv kqN\ \Ipp.

A\phmIw Ccp]nsbv
1.

AZnXntZhm Km a\pjymx ]oX

tcm kpcmkvtXjmw k`qXm\mw
amXm taZn
\o alXo alo kmhn{Xo Kmb{Xo PKXyp
o ]rYzn _lpem hnizm, `qXm IXam
Imbm km ktXyXyartXXn hknjvTx

(AZnXn (`qan) tZhm, Khm, a\pjym,

]nXr , Akpcm, B kh`qXfpsSbpw
amXmhpw taZn\nbpambn almbn ]qP\obambn
khnXmhns\ kw_npXmbn kvXpXnp hsc
c n phfmbn, Fmn\pw B {ib`qX\mbn,
[m\yfm karntNXmbn, hnimeambn [m\yk
arbmbn ]`qXmnIbmbn kpJkzcq]nWnbmbn,
`qXfpsS icocambn, \nesImffphfmbn, kXykz
cq]nWnbmbn, acWanmhfmbn Ah {]tim`np
pshv hknjvT ]dp.

A\phmIw Ccp]nsbm]Xv
1.

(Pew `q\nnXamb Cu tZls ipams.

ipoIcns tZlw Fs ipamIs. bmsXmcp
DnjvStam At`mPytam Fs Zpjv{]hrnsImpff
]m]tam ZpjvS mcn \nv Rm Zmlw kzoIcnnp
sn AsXmsbpw Pew Fs ipamno
s.

A\phmIw apnHv
1.

An am a\yp a\yp]Xb
a\ypIrtX`yx
]mt]t`ym cmw bZm ]m]aImjw,
a\km
hmNm lkvXm`ymw ]Zv`ymapZtcW
iniv\m, Al
kvXZhepp, bXv InZpcnXw abn CZalw
amarXtbm\u ktXy tPymXnjn
Pptlman kzmlm

Anbpw a\yphpw a\p]XnIfmb tZhmcpw Fs

tIm]w sImv sNs ]m]fn \nv cnp
amdmIs. ]I a\psImv, hmpsImv, ssII
sImv, ImepIsImv, hbdpsImv, enwKw sImv,
bmsXmcp ]m]w sNbvtXm AXns\ Alc`nam\ntZhX
\inns. am{Xa FXn Fsmcp ]m]aptm
AsXmw Rm AarXImcWamb kXy{]Imin
tlmanpp. kzmlm

A\phmIw apncv

CsXmw shffw XsbmIpp. Fm `qXfpw

shffamWv. {]mWfpw shffamWv. arKfpw shff
amWv. Aw shffamWv, AarXw shffamWv. lncWy
K` shffamWv. {]]]pcpj PeamWv. AhymIr
Xamb Cuizc\pw shffamWv. Kmb{XymZn OpI
shffamWv. tPymXnpI shffamWv. kXyw shffam
Wv. khtZhXIfpw shffamWv. `qtemIw, `qhtemIw,
kztemIw, Cu aqp temIsf PeamWv. Hmmchm
Nyamb shffw XsbmWv kIeXpw.

1.

A\phmIw apXv

(kqcy\pw a\yphpw a\yp]XnIfpw a\ypIrXfmb

]m]fn \nv Fs cns. cm{Xnbn Rm
Fp ]m]w sNbvtXm, a\psImtm enwKwsImtm

1.

Bt]m hm CSw kw hnizm`qXm\ym

]x {]mWm hm B]x ]ih Bt]m
amt]m arXam]x k{amUmt], hncmUm]x
kzcmUm]RvO mwkymt]m tPymXowjym
t]m bwjym]x kXyam]x km
tZhXm Bt]m `q`phx kzcm] Hmw

Bx ]p\p ]rYznhow ]rYznhow ]qXm

]p\mXp amw

kqcy am a\yp a\yp]X

a\ypIrtX`yx
]mt]`ymw cmw b{Zm{Xnbm
]m]aImjwa\km
hmNm lkvXm`ymw ]Zv`ymapZtcW iniv\ m
cm{XnkvXZhep
Xp bXv In ZpcnXw abn CZalw
amaarXtbm
\u kqtcym tPymXnjn Pptlman, kzmlm

626

I AsXmw cm{Xn \innpamdmIs. Rm Fsmw

napJw {_mintcm hnjvWplrZbx

cq{Zx in
]rYznho tbm\ox {]mWm]m\thymt\mZm
\kam\m
k{]mWm tizXhm kmJymb\k
tKmt{XmKmb{Xo
NXpnwiXycm {Xn ]ZmjSvIpnx]
iotjm
]\bt\ hn\ntbmKx

]m]w sNbvXnptm AsXms AarXtbm\nbmbn

kqcy\mb tPymXnn Rm tlmanpIbmWv. kzmlm

A\phmIw apnaqv
1. HmantXyImcw {_. AntZhXm {_
CXymjw. Kmb{Xw Ow ]cam kcq]w
kmbqPyw hn\ntbmKw
(Hmw F GImcw {_amIpp. AntZhXm
bmWv {_amWv. Ejn Kmb{Xn OmIpp. ]cam
mhv hnizamIp cq]tmSp IqSnbXmWv. Cuizc
\pambn GIo`mhw {]m]npIbmWv D]tbmKw.

A\phmIw apn\mev
1.

BbmXp hcZm tZho Acw {_kwlnXw

Kmb{Xo Okmw amtXZw {_ Pqjkz \x

(hc Zm\w sNp tZhnbmb Kmb{Xn \mianm

Xpw thZkXhpw {_XXzw kzcq]nWnbpamWv.
AXv {_XXzw kzcq]nWnbpamWv. AXv {_XXzw
D]tZinpXn\mbn hcs. OpIfpsS amXmhmb
Kmb{Xn Cu {_XXzs Rv ]Tnnpamdm
Is.

2.

bZmXv IpcptX ]m]w XZmXv

{]XnapNytX
b{Zm{XnbmXv IpcptX ]m]w X{Zm{XnbmXv
{]XnapNy
tX kht almtZhn kymhntZy
kckzXn

(kIe Acpw aqeambnpff {]Imikzcq

]nWn kyIfn AdnbsSphsf, kckzXn, ]I
kabv GsXmcp ]m]w sNpp AXv ]I Xs
\ins. cm{Xnbn bmsXmcp ]m]w sNsSpp AXv
cm{Xn Xs \inpamdmIs.

A\phmIw apnAv
1.

HmtPmkn, ktlmkn, _eakn, {`tPmkn,

tZhm\mw [mam\makn, hnizakn
hnizmbpx k
akn kmbpc`n`qtcmw, Kmb{Xoamhm
lbman, kmhn
{Xoamhmlbman, kckzXoamhmlbman,
Ojo
\mhmlbman, {inbamhmlbman, Kmb{Xnbmx
Kmb{Xo Otm hnizman{X Ejox khnXm
tZhXm

(Atbm Kmb{Xo, \o HmPmIpp, ss[cyamIp

p, _eamIpp, AtNX\ PKmIpp, hnizns
\ne\nev]mIpp, FmamIpp, kIecsSbpw Bbpm
Ipp, i{Xp\miIamIpp. Rm Kmb{Xnsb Bhmln
pp. kmhn{Xnsb Bhmlnpp. kckzXnsb
B hmln pp. OpIfpsSbpw EjnIsfbpw
Bcm[npp. evansb Bhmlnpp. Kmb{XnbpsS
Ov Kmb{XnbmWv. hnizman{X\mWv Ejn. khnXm
hmWv tZhX. AnbmWv apJw; {_mhv incv, hnjvWp
lrZbw; cp{Z inJ; ]rYnhntbm\n; {]mW A]m\,
hym\, DZm\, kam\, F ]{ mW ,
{]mWhmbpfmWv, shfp \ndapffhbmWv, kmwJy
mv B{ibamb ]cammhns tlm{XamWv, Kmb
{Xnv Ccp]n\mev AcamWv. aqp ]mZfmWv,
AXv Bdp tImi tNXmWv; Av incpff
XmW; D]\b\nemWv AXns D]tbmKw.

2.

Hmw `qx Hmw `qhx Hmw kphx Hmw alx

Hmw P\x HmwX]x Hmw kXyw Hmw
XXv khnXq htcWyw `tmtZhky [oaln
[ntbm tbm \x {]tNmZbmXv Hmamt]m
tPymXn ctkm arXw {_ `q`phx kztcmw.

(Hmw `qtemIw, `phtemIw, kpIrXnI Xmakn

p kphtemIw, alXztadnb altemIw, Iev]m
cn ebnpt]mIp P\ ASp Iev] n
BZyw sNp Xt]mtemIw kXy\njvTmv B{i
bamb kXytemIw Chsb kw_np hymlrXn.
{]Imicq]amb khnXmhns htcWyamb (t{ijv Tw)
`w (tXPv) R [ym\np bmsXmcphs
RfpsS _pnsb t{]cnns. ]rYnhnbnse Pew,
BZnXy\nse {]Imiw, ckw, AarXw, Fmw {_
amIpp. `qx `phx kphx Hmw aqp almhymlrXnIfpw
{_amIpp.

A\phmIw apnbmdv
1.

Dta inJtc tZhn

{_mtWt`ym `y\pRvP mXm
K tZhn bYmkpJw

627

CXv {InbIfpsS Ahkm\n hnk\w

sNp kabv sNmp a{amWv. tZhnbmbKmb{Xn
{_mWmbn hopw hopw hcphm kXn
shfmbn DXvI rjvSamb sImSpapSnbn, `qanbn,
]hXincn, P\nhfmb tZhn bYmkpJw Kanm
epw.

2.

kvXptXm am hcZm thZamXm

{]tNmZbo ]ht\ ZznPmXm
Bbpx ]rYnhymw {ZhnWw {_hkw
alyw ZXzm {]PmXpw {_temIw

(Fm kvXpXnshfpw hcw Zm\w sNp

hfpw thZP\\nbw hmbphns\tmse {]tNmZ\acpfp
hfpw cpep P\nhfpamb tZhn, `qanbn
F\nv Bbppw [\hpw thZ]T\w sImpff tXP
pw \evIn hninjvSamb {_lvatemIntev t]mbm
epw.

A\phmIw apn Ggv

1.

LrWnx kqcy BZntXym \ {]`m

hmXycw a[p cn cp{Zkw kXyw
ssh X{Zkamt]m tPymXo ctkm arXw
{_ `q `phx kphtcmav

LrWn ({]ImiZmXm) kqcy (HmPp\Iph)

BZnXy {]fbLn hnizw XneSph,
Ac (\milo\) kzw {]`sbtmse kcn
pp. AXns Pew tX t]mse a[pcambn HgpIp
p. AXns ckw kXyw XsbmWv. Pew, {]Imiw,
ckkzcq]w, AarXkzcq]w Cs\bpffXmWv {_w
`qx `phx Hmw Cu aqphymlrXnIfpw HmmchmNyamb
{_w Xs.

A\phmIw apnsbv
{_tXp amw a[ptaXp amw {_tah
a[ptaXp amw bmkvtX tkma{]Pm
htm `n
tkm Alw Zpxkz]vt\l Zpcpjv jl
bmkvtX tkma {]mWmkvXm Pptlman
({_w Fs {]m]ns. ]cam\w Fs {]m]n
s. {_w XsbmIp ]cam\w Fs {]m]n
s. tkma (DamklnX\mbn inh) bmsXmcp AbpsS
{]PI Ahsc kw_nv B Rm IpnbmIpp.
Z p k z ] v \ s f \ i n n p t Z h m , Z p x J
\innmepw tl tZhm, AbpsS bmsXmcp {]mW
Ahsb Rm Abn tlmanpp.

2.

{Xnkp]abmNnXw {_mWmb ZZymXv

{_lXymw hm GtX Lv\n tb
{_mWm
kv{Xnkp]w ]Mvnw ]p\n Hmw

(bmNnmsX Xs {Xnkpha{w {_mW\v

Zm\w sNWw. Cu a{w P]nph {_lXym
]m]sqSn \innpp. GsXmcp {_mW {Xnkp
h a{w P]npp, Ah tkmabmKw sNbvX^ew
t\Spp. Bbncwhsc Pesfbpw ipoIcnpp.)

A\phmIw apnH]Xv
1.

{_ ta[bm a[p ta[b, {_tah

a[p ta[bm

2.

AZymt\m tZh khnXx

{]Pmhmhoxku`Kw
]cm Zpxjznbpw kph

({_w _pninsImv {]m]nsSpp. a[p

(]cam\w) ta[sImv {]m]nsSpp. khnXm hmb
tZh, Cv Rp ]p{Xu{XmZnItfmSp IqSnb
ku`mKyw Xmepw, Zpxkz]v\w \innmepw,

3.

hnizm\n tZh khnXpZpcXm\n ]cmkph

bZv` {Zw X Bkph

(khnXrtZh Fm ZpcnXfpw \innpI,

bmsXmmtWm \aymbnpffXv AXns\ F\nv Xmepw.)

4.

a[phmXm EXmbtX a[p cn knhx

am[zo\x ktzmj[ox

(]cakXyw {]m]nm\m{Klnph\v hmbp

B\IcfmIpp. \ZnI B\Icambn HgpIpp.
\apv Hmj[nI B\abfmbn `hns.)

5.

\[p\aptXmjkn a[paXv]mnhw cPx

a[pZyuckvX p \ x ]nXm

(cm{Xnbnepw {]`mXnepw B\w `hns

`qanbnepff s]mSnbpw B\ZmbIamIs. ]nXmhmb
tZymhv \apv B\w \Is.)

6.

a[pamtm h\kv]Xna[pam
AkvXp kqcyx
am[zoKmthm `hp \x

(hrw \apv B\Icambnocs. kqcy

B\Ic\mIs. tKm B\ZmbnIfmIs.

1.

bmw ta[mw tZhKWmx ]nXm]mktX

Xbm amaZy ta[bmt ta[mhn\w
Ipcp kzmlm

628

(bmsXmcp _pnsb tZhmcpw ]nXrfpw D]kn

pp. AntZh Fs B _pntbmSp tNpI.
Fs _pnam\mpI.)

2.

ta[mw ta hcpWm ZZmXp ta[manx

{]Pm]Xnx
ta[man{ hmbp ta[mw [mXm ZZmXp
ta kzmlm

A\phmIw \mev]Xv
1.

{_ta[hm a[pta[hm {_tha[p ta[hm

hcpW\pw {]Pm]Xncq]\pamb Anbpw C{\pw

hmbphpw {_mhpw F\nv _pn\IpamdmIs.
kzml

{_w _pninbm {]m]nsSpp. ]ca

amb B\w _pninsImv e`npp. {_w
XsbmWv a[p (]cam\w) AXv _pninsImv
{]m]nsSpp.

3.

2.

Xzw t\m tat[ {]Yam tKm`nctiz`ncmKln

Xzw kqcyky civankvXzw t\m Akn
bnbm

Atbm ta[tZhtX, BZyw Rv tKmfpw

IpXncIfpw DmIm\\p{KlnpI. kqcycivanIfm
Rp bmKw \Sm klmbIambnocpI.

4.

ta[malw {]Yamw {_WzXow {_PpXm

arjv SpXmw
{]]oXmw {_Nmcn`ntZh\maht\ lpth

(BZyw {_n \nv Dmbhfpw {_m

hfshfpw aljnbm kv XpXbpw khhym
]n\nbpw Bb ta[mtZhnsb Rm Blzm\w sNpp.
{_NmcnIfmb tZhImcy \nhlWn\v Rm
i\mIs.

5.

bmw ta[mar`thm hnZpcymwmw

ta[makqcm hnZpx
Ejtbm `{Zmw ta[mw bmw hnZpkvXmw am
thihnt\m hnZpx

(EXp, tZhm, Akpcm, EjnI Ch

A\p`hnp _pnin Fn BthinnpI.)

6.

bmarjtbm `qXIrtXm ta[mw

ta[mhnt\m hnZpx
Xbm amaZy ta[bmt ta[mhn\pw IrWp

(`qXsf \nnphcpw _pnammcpamb

ap\nam bmsXmcp ta[mtZhnsb Adnbpp, An tZh,
B _pn Fn BthinnpI Fs _pnam\m
pI.)

7.

ta[mw kmbw ta[mw {]mXt[mw

am[yn\w ]cn
ta[mw kqcyky civan`n
hNkmthibm atl

kmbw Imenepw {]`mXnepw Dbvpw B

ta[ Fnepmhs. kqcyciva nIfm Rv
AXn\v inbpmIs.

{_m tZhm\mw ]Zhox Iho\marjn

hn{]mWmw alntjm arKmWmw tiyt\m
Kr{[mWmw kz[nXn h\m\mw tkmaw
]hn{XatXyXntc`w

tZhmcpsS ayn {_hpw IhnIfpsS

a[yn ]ZhmIy{]amW\pw _pnammcpsS
a[yn Ejnbpw arKfpsS ayn t]mpw
IgpImcpsS ayn ]cppw Bbp[fpsS
a[yn ]ciphpw bmKfpsS ayn tkmabm
Khpw ]cnipambn i_vZ npXmbn kIeXns\bpw
AXnibnpp.

3.

lwkxipNnjZzkpccnkZvt lmXm
thZnjXYnZptcmWkXv \rjkZv hc
kZrXkXvthymakZ_vPm tKmPm EXPm
A{ZnPm EXw _rlXv

Ah BImin {]tim`np kqcy\pw,

A co n Ignbphmbphpw, `qanbnepff
Anbpw, IpSfnepff tkmackhpw a\pjycn
IpSnsImffph\pw, tZhmcn hnph\pw,
bmKfn tNh\pw BImin Dffh\pw
shffn P\nh\pw, `qanbn ]ndh\pw bmK
n \nv DZv`qXambh\pw ]hXfn P\nh\pw
kXyhpw alpamIpp.

4.

EtN Xzmw cptN Xzm kanXv {khn

kcntXm \ t[\mx AnlrZm a\km
]qbam\mx LrXky [mcmw A`nNmIioan

EtKzZmZnIfpsS m\n\v Asb EtKzZ

cq]nbmbn kev]nv NaXIsf Rm Anbn tlman
pp. lrZbns A`mKp \nv a\km tlman
s ipoIcn s\ns [mcI henb \ZnIsf
sse HgpIpp. F\nv m\w sImv {]Imin
m Ignbs.

629

I 5.

lncWytbm thXtkm a[y Bkmw

Xkva n kp]tm a[pIrXv
Ipembo `PmkvtX
a[ptZhXm`yx XkymktX
lcbx k]vXXotc

tl ta[mtZhn, AhnSps A\p{Klw knnh

aljnbmbnocpp. AhnSps A\p{Klw t\Sn
bh {_mW\mbn `hnpp. `hXnbm A\pKrlo
X sFizcykq\mIpp. `hXnbm A\pKrlo
X ]ehn[nepff [\w t\Spp. AhnSpv Rsf
[\wsImv A\p{KlnpamdmIWta.

kz[mw Zplm\m AarXky [mcmw

B Blh\obmK\nbn Cu LrX[mcIfpsS
a[yn {]Imiam\\pw [\hm\pw I^eZmXmhpw
a\pjy lrZbamIp IqSpIfn Ignbph\pamb
{Xnkpha{fm kvXpXnsSp ]cammhv
tZhXIv a[p (AarXv) hn`Pnp sImv \nesImffp
p. A hs k ao]w AarX[mcsb lhnmbn
tlmanphcpw ]m]lmcnIfpamb Ggpap\nI
\nesImffpp.

6.

b CZw {Xnkp]abmNnXw {_mWmb

ZZymXv hoclXymw hm GtXLv\n tb
{_mWmkv{Xnkp]w ]mn tX tkmaw
{]m]v\phn Bkl{kmXv ]Mvnw
]p\n Hmw

bmNnmsX Xs {XnkphWa{w {_mW\v

Zm\w sNWw. Cu a{w P]nph {_lXym]m]
s IqSn XcWw sNpp. CXv sNmp {_mWv
tkmabmKw sNbvXXns ^ew e`npp. Hcp ]wn
bn Bbncwt]sc Ah ipoIcnpp. a{tZh
Xsb kXytmSv Ah sFIyw {]m]npp.

A\phmIw \mev]n Hv
1.

ta[mtZho PpjamtWm BKmZv

hnizmNo `{Zm kpa\kyam\m
Xzbm PpjvSm PpjamWm Zpc
_rlZztZl hnZt[ kphocmx

kIeXpw Adnbphfpw awKfkzcq]bpw Da

a\pffhfpw tkhnphcn {]kbpamb ta[m
tZhn RfpsS ASpp hcs. hcpXn\p apv
ZpjvShmpI D]tbmKnncp R \nm
A\p{KloXcmbn. m\w t\Sn hocmcmb km\
tfmSpw injymtcmSpw IqSn ]ca kXys ]dbpamdmIWw.

2.

Xzbm PpjvS Ejn`hXn tZhn

Xzbm {_mKX{iocpX Xzbm
Xzbm PpjvSn{Xw hntX hkp
km t\m Ppjkz {ZhntW\ tat[

A\phmIw \mev]ncv
1. ta[mw a Ct{m ZZmXp ta[mw tZho kckzXo
ta[mx a Aizn\mhp`mhm[mw ]pjvIc {kPu
C{ F\nv _pnin \IpamdmIs.
tZhnbmb kckzXn ta[( _pnin) \Is. Xmac
ameI AWn cv Aizn\o tZhmcpw F\nv
_pnhnImkw \Is.

2.

A]vkcmkp N bm ta[m
Ktjp N b\x
ssZho ta[m kckzXo amw ta[m
kpc`nPpjXmw kzmlm

A]vk cpIfn bmsXmcp _pninbptm,

Khmcnepw bmsXmcp Nnminbptm thZm[n
jvTnXamb kckzXnbmb ta[ (_pnin) bmsXmm
tWm B ta[ kuc`y]qambn Fs A\p{Klnp
amdmIs. kzmlm
\mev]ncmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw \mev]naqv
1.

B amw ta[m kpc`nnizcq]m

lncWyhm PKXo PKaym
DukzXo ]bkm ]n\zam\m
kmw amw ta[m kp{]XoIm PpjXmw.

bmsXmcp ta[bmIp tZhn kuc`y]qabpw

khcq]fpw tNhfpw kz htmSp
IqSnbhfpw temInemsI hym]nhfpw ]mepsImv
t]mjnnsSphfpw BWv, Bta[ ktmj
]qhw Fs A\p{KlnpamdmIs,
\mev]naqmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw \mev]n\mev
1.

abn ta[mw abn {]Pmw ankvt XtPm

Z[mXp
abn ta[mw abn {]Pmw abo{
C{nbw Z[mXp
abn ta[mw abn {]Pmw abn kqtcym
{`mtPm Z[mXp.

630

AntZh Fn ta[sbmw kXv kXn

sbbpw, thZ]T\mepff tXPns\bpw \Ipamdm
Is, C{ Fn _pninsbbpw Dankm
\sfbpw \Is. Fn kqcy _pninbpw
]p{Xkpw i{Xpv `bw \Im t]m
HmPns\bpw hnns.

acWn \nv cnpamdmIs. DPzeamb PohnXw

\bnpsImv Rv hmIyImehpw A\p`hnm
\nShcs. \mev]ntbgmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw \mev]nsbv
1.

\mev]n\memw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw \mev]nbv
1.

Ass]Xp arXypcarXw \ BK
sshhkztXm t\m A`bw IrtWmXp
]w h\kv]tXcnhm`n \x iobXmw
cbnx kNXmw \x iNo]Xnx

acWw Zqsc t]mIm\nShcs. acWanm Ah

Rv DmIpamdmIs. kqcy]p{X\mb ba
\apv A`bacpfs. \psS ]m] hrnse
CeIsft]mse Nppw hoWp\inpamdmIs. iNo
]Xnbmb C{ Rv [\w ham\amnsNs.
\mev]nbmw A\phmIw Ignp.

Atbm _rlkv ] Xn. (]cammhv ) ba\nev

\npff `bn \npw A`nikvXn (A]hmZw) bn
\npw ]ns ]ctemIbm{Xbn \npw Rsf
tamNnnmepw. tl At tZhmcpsS sshZymcmb
Aizn\o tZhI Rfn \nv Ia inbm
acWs amn \ns.
\mev]nsbmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw \mev]nsbmXv
1.

A\phmIw \mev]nbmdv
1.

]cw artXym A\p]tcln ]mw

bkvtX kz CXtcm tZhbm\mXv
Npjv atX irWztX tX {_hoan
am \x {]Pmw cocotjm tamX hocm.

Atbm arXytZh tZhbm\n \nv apff

AbpsS bmsXmcp ]mhptm. A\yamb B ]m
hneqsS (amw) aSntmbmepw, ImWphm Ignbp
h\pw, tIphm Ignbph\pw Bb AtbmSv
Rm ]dbpp. RfpsS {]PIsf \innm CSbm
IcpXv. hocmcmbhscbpw \innm CSsImSpcpXv.

1.

hmXw {]mWw a\kzm\zc`matl

{]Pm]Xnw tbm `ph\ky tKm]mx
k t\m artXymkv{XmbXmw ]mXzwltkm
tPymKvPohm Pcmaioaln.

bmsXmcp {]Pm]Xn `ph\ns tKm](c)

BWv As\bpff hmXns\mw {]hnp
sImncnph\pw {]mWs\tmse BcnIambn
\nesImffph\pamb {]Pm]Xn (Cuizc) tbmSv
R \nccw {]mnpp. Atlw Rsf

lcnw lcw bn tZhm hniztkyim\w

hrj`waXo\mw
{_kcq]a\ptaZamKmZb\w am hnh[o
n{Iakz

temIns \mY\pw _pnammcnev {]apJ\pw

`mcpsS ]m]w A]lcnph\pw Bb lcnsb
tZhm A\pKanpp ({_Xpeyw) Cu Ab\s
(amw) F\nv A\pKanphm km[npamdmIs.
\inncptX. AXn\v Fs klmbnmepw.
\mev]smXmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw AXv
1.

\mev]nbmdmw A\phmIw Ignp

A\phmIw \mev]ntbgv

Aap{X`qbmZY bZyaky
_rlkv] tX A`nikvtXcapx
{]XyulXmaizn\m arXypakva
tZhm\mat `njPm iNo`nx

ievs sIcnanm\ D`u temIu kt\alw

D`tbmtemItbm E[zmXn arXypw
Xcmaylw.

ievsfsmv (hndIv) Ansb Cm\\mbn

(Pzennph) Rm cp temIsfbpw {]m]n
pp. cp temIfpsS En (karn) sImv Rm
arXyphns\ AXn{Ianpp.
AXw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw Ansbmv
1.

am OntZm artXym am h[om ta _ew

hnhrtlm am {]tamjox
{]Pmw amta cocnj Bbpcp{K
\rNm hnt[a.

631

D{K\mb artXym(acWta) apdncptX; h[ncptX,

Fs _ew \inncptX, FSpv \jvSamcptX,
Fs km\sfbpw Bbpns\bpw D]{ZhncpXv.
ZrNmb (a\pjysc Fpw t\mnmWpp.)
Asb lhnpsImv R tkhns.
Asmmw A\phmIw Ignp.

`hntW. R cbnIfpsS (kv) ]XnIfmbn `hn

pamdmItW.
An\memw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw Anbv
1.

A\phmIw Ancv
1.

am t\m alapX am t\m A`Iw

am \ DapX am \ DnXw
am t\m h[ow ]nXcw tamX amXcw
{]nbm am \kvX\pthm cp{Z cocnjx

Atbm cp{Z, RfpsS alm\mbhs\ h[ncpXv,

am{Xa RfpsS A`Is\ (Ipn) h[ncpXv.
Rfnepff Ds\ (bphmhv) h[ncpXv. RfpsS
DnXs\ (K`inip) h[ncpXv. RfpsS
]nXmhns\ h[ncpXv. amXmhns\bpw h[ncpXv.
RfpsS {]nbs X\phsfbpw (icocw) \inn
cpXv.

kzkvXn`mcw (awKfZmbI) hnikv]Xnbpw (P\c

I) hrXlmbpw (hrXs\ sImh) hnar[fn
(bpw) hinbpw (Pzenph) hrjmhpw (hjw
Xcph A`bIc\pw (A`bw \Iph Bb
C{ RfpsS apn hcpamdmIs.
Anbmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw Amdv
1.

Ancmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw Anaqv.
1.

am \kvtXmI X\tb am \ Bbpjn

am t\m tKmjp am t\m Atizjp cocnjx
hocm am t\m cp{Z `mantXm h[o
lhnjvStm \akm hnt[a tX.

Atbm cp{Z, RfpsS imIfn(a)

X\bmcn (afpsS a) \miw sNcpXv. Bbp
nepw AcpXv. RfpsS tKmfn, IpXncIfn,
\miw sNmXncnpI, `manX\mbn (tIm]nh)
RfpS hocmsc h[ncptX, Atbvv lhnv
Anphcmbn \akvIcnmw.
Anaqmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw An\mev
1.

{]Pm]tX \ XztZXm\yt\ym hnizm

PmXm\n ]cn Xm _`qh
bXv ImamkvtX PqlpakvXtm AkvXp
hbw kyma ]Xtbm cboWmw.

Atbm {]Pm]tX, CmWp P\n Fm ]Zm

fpw Abn \nv A\yf. Ah ]cm`hw
{]m]np. bmsXmcpImatmSp IqSntbm (B{Klw)
Atbvv R tlmaw sNp AXv Rv

kzkv XnZm hnikv]XnhrXlm

hnart[m hio
hrtj{x ]pc GXp \x kzkvX nZm A`bcx

{Xyw_Iw bPmatl kpKnw

]pjvSnh\w
DmcpIanh _\mrtXym
apob amarXmXv

kpKapffh\pw ]rjvSnh\w Bb {Xyw_I

\mb (ap) inh R bPnpp. _\
n \nv shffcnsbt]mse arXyphn \nv
R ap\mbnocs. AarXn \nv (tamw)
apcmIm\nShccpXv.
Amdmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw Antbgv
1.

tb tX kl{kabpXw ]mim
artXym aymb lth.
Xm bky ambbm
km\hbPmatl.

arXyp tZth, aysc l\nph\mbn At

bv v bmsXmcp Bbnctam, ]Xn\mbnctam ]mi
Dtm Ahsbmw bns ambbm R
\inn pp. (b w k wkv mcnI ZpxJ
AIem\pw tamnap]Icnpp.)
Antbgmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw Ansbv
1.

arXypth kzmlm, arXypth kzmlm

arXyphn\mbn CXv kanpp; arXyphnmbn

CXv kanpp. Ansbmw A\phmIw Ignp.

632

I A\phmIw AnsbmXv
1.

tZhIrXssky\tkm hbP\akn
kzmlm. a\pjyIrXssky\tkm hbP\
akn kzmlm. BmIrXssky\tkm hbP
\akn kzmlm.BIrXssky\tkm hb
P\akn kzmlm. A\yIrXssky\tkm h
bPa\kn kzmlm. AkvaXv IrXssky
\tkm hbP\akn kzmlm. bnhm N
\w ssN\Ira Xky AhbP\akn
kzmlm. bXv kz] Pm{KXss\
Ira XkymhbP\akn kzmlm bXv
kpjp]vX Pm{KXss\Ira
Xkymhb
P\akn kzmlm. bZv hnZzmwkm
hnZzmwkss\Ira XkymhbP\akn
kzmlm. G\k G\tkm hbP\akn
kzmlm.

tZhmsc DtZinv sNbvXnpff Ifnepm

bnpff ]m]ns Ahb P\amWv (\mi) BWv
Av, a\pjysc Dtinv sNbvX npffXv, ]nXrsf
Dtinpw sNbvXXv. A\ypthn sNbvXv R
pthn sNbvXXv. Cu Ifnepff G\ns
(]m]w) AhbP\amIpp. (hn\miI) Av ]Iepw
cm{Xnbnepw bmsXmcp G\v (]m]w) R sNbvXpthm
AXns hn\miI\pamWv. Ddptmgpw DWncn
ptmgpw bmsXmcp]m]w R sNbvXnptm,
Adnhpffhcmbnpw (AdnpsImtm) Adnhnm
hcmbnpw (AdnbmsXtbm) GtXsXmw ]m]w sNbvXn
ptm AsXmw \innphm\mWv Av. At
bvv kzmlm.
(]cammhns\ An kzcq]\mbn Iev]nv bmKm
nbn s\v tlmanphm sNmt a{fmWv.)

A\phmIw Adp]Xv
1.

bZvt hm tZhmIra Pnlzbm Kpcp

a\tkm hm {]bpXn tZhtlU\w
Acmthm tbm t\m A`n ZpivOp\mbtX
Xkvan XtZt\m hkthm \nt[X\ kzmlm.

Atbm tZhmsc, Atbm hkpsf PnlzsIm

tm (\mv) a\v sImtm {]bpXn ({]hrn)
sImtm \nv bmsXmcp tZhtlU\w (tZhmcpsS
t\pff Aham\w) sNbvX nptm bmsXmcm
RfpsS t\v i{Xp`mhn D]{Zhw sNpp,

Ah\n \nv B ]m]s amnbmepw,

Adp]Xmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw Adp]n Hv
1.

Imtam Imjotam \ax Imtam Im

joXv, Imax ItcmXn \mlw Imtam Im
Im \mlw Im, Imax
ImcbnXm \mlw
ImcbnXm, Gj tX ImaImamb kzmlm.

ImaamWv sNbvXv. \akvImcw, kakvImcw kIe

tZhmpw \akvImcw. Ima sNpp. Rm sNp
n. Ima\mWv Imhv. Ima\mWv sNnph.
Rm sNnp\h. ImaIma\mb (kpckzcq])
Atbvv CXm BlpXn kanpp.
Adp]nsbmmw A\phImw Ignp.

A\phmIw Adp]ncv
1.

a\yqcImjotam \ax a\yqcImjoXv

a\ypx ItcmXn \mlw Itcman, a\yqx Im
\mlw Im,a\yqx ImcbnXm \mlw Imc
bnXm, Gj tX at\ym a\yth kzmlm.

a\yq (tIm]w) BWv sNbvXXv. \akvI mcw. \a

kvImcw, tIm]w sNpp; Rm sNpn. tIm]amWv
Imhv; Rm Imh tIm]amWv sNnpXv.
Rm\. Atbm tIm]ta, \n\p Rm BlpXn
kanpp.
Adp]ncmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw Adp]naqv
1.

Xnem Pqtlman kckm k]njvSm

Kmc aaNnt cap kzmlm.

2.

Kmthm lncWyw [\a]m\w

ktjmw {inbw kzmlm

3.

{inbw N eva nw N ]pjvSnwN Ionw

Nm\rWyXmw. _mWyw _lp]n{XXmw.
{imtat[{]Pmx k ZZmXp kzmlm.

Atbm Kmmc (DaKpW XnI ]cam

mth) kckfpw (ckapff) khnjvSfpw (Ac)
Bb XneIsf (Fffv) Rm tlmanpp. AbpsS
KpW Fs a\n tim`ns. tKm
lncWyw (kzw) [\w A]m\ev a nsbbpw
]rjvSnsbbpw Ionsbbpw A\rWyXsbbpw (ISan

633

I m Ah) {_tXPns\bp _lp ]p{XXzs

bpw {isbbpw ta[sbbpw {]PIsfbpw (km\w)
A{Zlw (B ]c{_w) \IpamdmIs.
Adp]naqmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw Adp]n\mev
1.

Xnemx IrjvWmkvXnemx
tizXmkvXnemx tkymaym

A\phmIw Adp]nbv
1.

2.

InnXv ZpcnXw abn kzmlm

2.

tNmckym\w \h{imw {_lm

KpcpXev ]Kx
tKmkvtXbw kpcm]m\w {`qWlXym
Xnemimnw
iabp kzmlm.

tNmcs (tamjvSmhv) `Ww IgnXp sImpmb

]m]w, ASp Ln acn hynbpsS {imn,
`Ww IgnXp sImpmb ]m]w {_lXy aqew
Dmb ]m]w, Kpcphns `mcysb {]m]nXp sImp
mb ]m]w, tKmsf tamjvSnXp sImpmb ]m]w,
aZyw IgnXpsImpmb ]m]w, {`qWlXy (K`
iniphns\ sImXnepff ]m]w) Chbvs mw Cu
XneI (Fv) imnbpmpamdmIs.

3.

{io evao ]pjvSn Ionw

Nm\rWyXmw
{_Wyw _lp]p{XXmw. {imta[
{]m Xp
PmXthZx kwZZmXp kzmlm.

{iosbbpw evansbbpw, ]pjvSnsbbpw, Ionsb

bpw, EWapmhsbbpw, {_mWysbpw, _lp
]p{XXsbbpw, {iXsbbpw _pnsbbpwPmXthZv
(AntZh) \IpamdmIs.
Adp]n\memw A\phmIw Ignp.

{]mWm]m\hymt\mZm\kam\m ta ip[yw
tPymXnclw hncPm hn]m]vam `qbmkw kzmlm

{]mW, A]m\, hym\, DZm\, ka\, Ch

AWp {]mWfpw, Fs kw_nnStmfw ip
fmbnocs. ]cam henjbIamb {]Imiw Fn
DmIpamdmIs.

him\pKmx Xnemx ]p\p ta ]m]w bXv

Xne (Idp Fffv), shfp Fffv, tkma
fmb Xne(BtcmKyIcamb Fffv), him\pK
fmb Xne (Fs hinepff) Fs ]m]s
bpw Fn GXnepw ]m]apsn AXns\bpw
Fn Fsnepw ZpcnXapsn AXns\bpw
Fn Fsnepw ZpcnXapsn AXns\bpw
ipoIcns. (CXv Fffv tlmanptm sNmm\pff
a{amWv)

hmMva\px t{im{XPnlzm{LmWtctXm
_pymIqXnx kev]m ta ipymw
tPymXnclw
hncPm hn]m]vam `qbmkw kzmlm

hmv, a\v, Npv, t{im{Xw, Pnlz, {LmWw,

tXPv, _pn, BIqXn, (Nn), kev]w Chsbmw
]cnipfmbnocs. Rm ctPmKpWw Cmh
\mbn ]m]w Cmh\mbn `hnpamdmIs.

3.

XzIvNmamwkcp[nctatZm amkv\mbthm
o\n ta ip[ymw tPymXnclw hncPm
hn]m]vam`qbmkw. kzmlm.

Fs sXmen, tXmev, amwkw, cw, ta[v, a,

sRcpI, AnI Fmw ipambnocs. Rm
ctPmKpWhpw ]m]hpw Cmh\mbn Cuizckmm
Xvmcw {]m]npamdmIs.

4.

incx ]mWn]mZ]mizrjvtTmcqZcPwLm
inivt\]]mbthm ta iq[ymw tPmXn
alw hncPm hn]m]vam `qbmkw kzmlm

Fs incv, ]mWnI, ]mZ, ]miz,

]rjvT`mKw, Ducp (XpS), PwL (IWm) iniv\w,
D]cw, aeZzmcw Chsbmw ipfmbnocs.
Rm ctPmKpWhpw ]m]hpw Cmh\mbn ]cam
kzcq]amIs.

5.

DnjvT ]pcpj lcnX ]nwKf temlnXm

tZln tZln ZZm]bnXm ta ip[ymw tPymXn
clw hncPmhn]m]vam `qbmkw kzmlm

lcnX \ndhpw (]) ]nwKf\ndhpw (a) Dffh

\pw, temlnXm\pambiv (NphIpff) ]pcpj
Fgptmepw. F\nv hnipn \ItW. F\nv
m\ ZmXmhmbn XotW.
Adp]nbmw A\phmIw Ignp

A\phmIw Adp]n Bdv

1. ]rYnhy]vtXtPm hmbpcmImim ta ip[ymw
tPymXnclw hncPm hn]m]vam `qbmkw kzmlm

634

Fs icocn\v tlXp`qXfmb ]rYnhn,

ApI, tXPv , hmbp, BImiw, Fnh ]cnip
fmIs. Rm ctPmKpWhpw ]m]hpw \inv Cuizc
\pambn sFIyw {]m]npamdmIs.

2.

i_vZ kv]icq]kKm ta iq[ymw

tPymXnclw hncPm hn]m]vam
`qbmkcw kzmlm

Fs icocn\v tlXp`qXfmb ]`qXfpw

i_vZw, kv]iw, cq]w, Kw Fnhbpw ]cnipfpw
i_vZw, kv]iw, cq]w, Kw, Fnhbpw, ]cnipfm
Is Rm ctPmKpWhpw ]m]hpw \inh\mbn`hnp
amdmIs.

pXv]n]mkmaew tPyjvTmaevao
\mibmaylw
A{`pXnakrnw N kmnpZ ta
]m]vam\w kzmlm

hnipw ZmlhpamIp aesbpw tPyjvT F

t]cn AdnbsSp Aeva nsbbpw A`qXnsbbpw
(sFizcyanmbv a) Akarnsbbpw Fmw \innp
p. Fs ]m]s \innmepw

10. Aab {]mWabat\mab hnm\ab

am\abamm ta ip[ymw tPymXnclw
hncPm hn]m]vamam `qbmkw kzmlm

3. at\mhmmbImWn ta ip[ymw
tPymXnclw hncPm hn]m]vam `qbmkw kzmlm

Aabw, {]mWabw, at\mabw, hnm\abw,

B\abw F Ap tImitfmSp IqSnb Fs
ipambn Rm sFIyw {]m]npamdmIs.

Fs a\v, hmv icocw Ch sImp sNbvXnpff

Isfmw ipambnocs. Rm ]c{_hpambn
GIo`hnm\nShcs.

A\phmIw Adp]ntbgv

4.

Ahy`msshclmsscx
PyXnclw hncPm hn]m]vam `qbmkw kzmlm.

`Khms\, AbpsS Ir]bm hyamI

`mhtfmSpIqSn AlmcmZnIfn \nv hnap\mbn
ctPmKpWhpw ]m]hpw \inv Rm ]cammhpambn
sFIyw {]m]ns.

5.

Bm ta ip[ymw
tPymXnclw hncPm hn]m]vam `qbkw kzmlm

Fs Bmhv ipambnocs. Rm tPymXn

mWv. ctPmKpWclnX\pw ]m]clnX\pambn Rm
Xocphm\nShcs.

6. Acmm ta ip[ymw
tPymXnclw hncPm hn]m]vam `qbmkw kzmlm
Fs ]cammhv ipoIrXambnocs cmtPmKp
Whpw ]m]hpw \inv Rm tPymXnx kzcq]\mb
]cammhn hnebw sImffpamdmIs.

8.

pt[ kzmlm. pXv]n]mkmb kzmlm

hnhnssy kzmlm. Kzn[m\mb kzmlm
ItjmXvImb kzmlm. (Hmw kzmlm.)

hnins A[jvTm\tZhXbpkzml. hnin

sbpw Zmlntbpw A[njvTm\ tZhXIv kzmlm
khhym]nbmb ]cammhn\v kzmlm. EpIsf
hn[m\m sNbvXnpff tZhXbvv kzmlm. krjvSns
hbpsS kwcWn XXv]c\mb tZhXbvv kzmlm.

9.

1.

Attb kzmlm. hntizt`ym tZhth`yx

kzmlm. {[phmb `qamb kzmlm, {[ph
nXtb kzmlm. ANypXnXtb kzmlm,
Atb kzjvSIrtX kzmlm. [mb
kzmlm, A[mb kzmlm. AZv`yx
kzmlm, Hmj[nh\kv]Xn`yx kzmlm.
ctmtZhZt\`yx kzmlm. Ahkm\
]Xn`yx kzmlm. k`qtX`yx kzmlm.
Imamb kmlm. Acnmb kzmlm.
btZPXn PKXn Acnmb kzmlm.
`tKmbw \mavt\ kzmlm. ]rYnsshy
kzmlm. Acnmb kzmlm. Znth
kzmlm. kqcymb kzmlm. N{atk
kzmlm. \t{X`yx kzmlm. C{matk
kzmlm. {_lkv]Xtb kzmlm. {]Pm]Xtb
kzmlm. {_tW kzmlm.kz[m ]nXr`yx
kzmlm. \tam cp{Zmb ]ip]Xtb kzmlm.
tZth`yx kzmlm. ]nXr`yx kz[mkvXp `qtX
t`ym \ax a\ptjyt`ym lm. {]Pm]Xtb
kzmlm. ]ctajvTnt\ kzmlm.

1. A n, 2. h ni zt Zh m , 3 . im iz Xa mb
{[ph\{Xw, 4. alqamhv , 5. {[phm\w, 6.
\miclnXamb `qan, 7. BPykanXamb An, 8.
[w, 9. A[w, 10 Pew, 11. Hmj[nI, hr,
12. cpI tZhm, 13. KrlINmcnI, 14.

635

I Krl]cn[nbnepff tZhm, 15. B tZhmcpsS

\mbIm, 16. kh`qX, 17. Ima, 18. Acow,
19. temII\maw, 20. ]rYnhn, 21. Acow.
22. BImiw, 23. kqcy, 24. N{, 25. \{X,
26. E, 27. C{, 28. _rlkv]Xn, 29. {]Pm]Xn,
30. {_mhv, 31. ]nXr, 32. ]ip]Xnbmbcp{Z,
33. tZhm, 34. ]nXr, 35. `qX, 36. a\pjy,
37. {]Pm]Xn, 38. ]ctajv Tn Chsmw {]XyIw
kzmlm Fp sNmn s\v tlmanpI.

2.

bYm Iq]x iX[mcx kl{k[mtcm AnXx

Ghm ta AkvXp [m\yw kl{k[mc anXw
[\[mss\y kzmlm.

]cammth, Av bamWv, hjvSImcamWv, C{\m

Ipp, cp{Z\mIpp, hnjvWphmIpp, {_mhmIpp,
{]Pm]XnbmIpp. \ZnIfnse PeamIpp, kap{Znse
PeamIpp, kqcy XpSnb tPymXnpIfmIpp,
a[pcw apXembh ckamIpp, Av AarXamIpp,
thZamIpp, `qtemIhpw `phtemIhpw kphtemIhpw
ApXsbmIpp.
Adp]nsbmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw Adp]n HXv

1.

\qdpw [mcItfmSpIqSnbXpw Bbncw [mcItfmSp

IqSnbXpw, bnmXpamb InWdv F{]Imcw,
A{]Imcw F\nv Bbncw [mcItfmSpIqSnbXpw A
Xhpamb cm\yw `hns. [\[m\ntZhXv kzmlm.

3.

tb `qXmx {]Ncn Znhm\w

_enantm hnXpZky t{]ymx
tXt`ym _enw ]pjvSnImtam lcman
abn ]pjvSnw ]pjvSn]XnZ[mXpw kzmlm.

hnXpZs (in \Ip cp{Z) t{]ym

(`rXym) _ensb B{Klnphcmbn cmhpw ]Iepw
kcnpp. Ahp ]pjvSnsb B{Klnp Rm
_ensImphcpp ]pjvSn]Xn(]pjvSnbpsS \mY)
F\nv ]pjvSn \IpamdmIs.
Adp]ntbgmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw Adp]nsbv
1. Hmw XZv {_w Hmw XZv hmbpx Hmw XZmm.
Hmw XXv kXyw. XXv kw. Hmw XXv
]ptcm \ax
Hmw AXv {_amIpp. Hmw AXv hmbp]mIpp.
Hmw AXv BmhmIpp. Hmw AXv kXyamIpp. Hmw
A\y. khamIpp Hmw. B]cammhn\v \akvImcw.

2.

Hmw AcnXn {`ptXjp Kplmbmw

hnizaqnjp
Xzw bkvXzw hjvSImckvXzan{kvXzw
cp{ZkvXzw
hnjvWpkvXzw {]Pm]Xnx Xzw XZm]
Bt]m tPymXo ctkm arXw {_`q`phx
kphtcm.

Fm aqnItfmSpw IqSnb PohnIfn Hmmccq]n

bmb B {_w lrZbm`mKv hnpp.

{imbmw {]mtW \nhnjvtSm arXw Pqtlman.

{imbma]mt\ \nhnjvtSm arXw Pqtlman
{imbmw hymt\ \nhnjvtSm arXw Pqtlman
{imbmapZmt\ \nhnjvtSm arXw Pqtlman
{imbmw kamt\ \nhnjvtSm arXw Pqtlman.
{_Wn a BmarXXzmb.

Rm {ibn {]mW\n AarXw kanpp.

Rm {ibn A]m\\n AarXw kanpp.
Rm {ibn hym\\n AarXw kanpp. Rm
{ibn DZm\\n AarXw kanpp. Rm
{i b n k a m \ \ n A a r X w k a n p p .
AarXXzn\mbn (tamw) Fs Bmhv {_n
GIo`hns.

2.

AartXm]kvX cWakn

`Ww Bcw`npXn\papv shffsaSpv

BNanptm sNmt a{w \o AarXamb A
{_n\v hkv{ XamIpp (Pes A{_s
aqSp hkv{Xambn kev]nsSpp.)

3.

{ibmw {]mtW \nhnjvtSmarXw

Pqtlman inthm am hniz{]Zmlmb, {]m
Wmb kzmlm. {imbma]mt\ \nhnjvtSm
arXw Pqtlman. inthm am hnim{]Zmlmb.
A]m\mb kzmlm. {imbmw hymt\
\nhnjvtSmarXw Pqtlman inthm am hnim
{]Zmlmb. hym\mb kzmlm. {imbmw
DZmt\ \nhnjvtSmarXw Pqtlman. inthm am
hnizm{]Zmlmb DZm\mb kzmlm. {im
bmw kamt\ \nhnjvtSm arXw Pqtlman
inthm am hnim{]Zmlmb. DZm\mb kzm
lm. {imbmw kamt\ \nhnjvtSmarXw
Pqtlman. inthm am hniz{]Zmlmb. kam
\mb kztlm {_Wn a BarXXzmb.

636

{ibn {]mW\n \nhnjvSambn Aars Rm

tlmanpp. awKfambnXov ZlnnpXn\mbn
Fntev {]thinmepw. {]mW\mbn kzmlm.
A]m\\mbn kzmlm, hym\\\mbn kzmlm. DZm\\mbn
kzmlm. kam\\mbn kzmlm.

D]kmZnp. (kao]np) [ms (Ccpv) Av \inn

mepw. Npns\ (m\{]Imis) hnn
mepw. \n[ (Ne) sImst]mse _mcmbS
(ambbm _ns) Rsf tamNnnmepw
Fgp]naqmw A\phmIw Ignp.

Adp]smXmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmImw Fgp]n\mev
A\phmIw Fgp]Xv
1.

{imbmw {]mtW\nhniymarXw lpXw

{]mWat\m]ymbkz {imbma]mt\
\nhniymarXw hyt\ \nhniymarXw
lpXw. hym\at\m]ymbkz {imbm
apZmt\ \nhniymarXw lpXw. DZm\at\m
]ymbkz. {ibmw kamt\ \nhniym
arXw lpXw. kam\at\m]ymbkz.

Rm {itbmSp IqSn {]mW\n AarXcq]amb

lhnv Anncnpp. Cu Am Fs {]mW
in hnnmepw Rm {ibtbmsS A]m\\n
AarXcq]amb lhnv Anp. Cu Am
A]m\in Av hnnWw. Rm {itbmsS
kam\\n AarXcq]amb lhnv kanncnpp.
Cu Aw sImv Fs kam\insb hnnmepw.
(Cu a{ `Wn\ptijw Fgptp
Xn\p apv ]{]mWtfmSpff {]m\bmbn sNmm
\pffXv.

A\phmIw Fgp]n Hv
AwKpjvTam{Xx ]pcptjmwKpjvT w N kam{inXx
Cuixkky PKXx {]`px {]oWmXp hniz`pIv
AwKpjTam{X\mb ]pcpj (s]cphnctemfw
t]m ]pcpj) AwKpjvTsbpw incns\bpw
B{ibnncnpp. khPKnsbpw Cui\pw
hniz`ppamb (Fmw A\p`hnph)
Fgp]ncmw A\phmIw Ignp

A\phmIw Fgp]naqv
1.

hbx kp]m D]tkZpcn\{w

{]nbta[m Ejtbm \m[am\mx
A] [zmaqpln ]qn Npx
apapKvykvamn[tbh _m.

\ hfpff (NndIpI) hbppI (]n

I) Ft]mse \mYam\mcpw (bmNnph) {]nb
ta[mcpamb (bmKw CjvSsSp) EjnI C{s\

1.

{]mWm\mw {Knckn cpt{Zm am

hnimIx tX\mt\m]ybkz.

Atbm cp{Z, Av {]mWsfbpw C{nbsf

bpw Iqn tbmPnnp sImIpp. ZpxJsfmw
AIp AI\mbn Fn {]thinmepw Rm
Ign `Wm Fs hnnmepw.
(lrZbn sXmv ]Xps sNmm\pff a{amWnXv)
Fgp]n\memw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw Fgp]nbv
1. \tam cp{Zmb hnjvWpth arXypt ]mln.
cp{Z\v \akv I mcw. hnjv W phn\v \ak v I mcw.
arXyphn \nv Fs cnmepw.
Fgp]nbmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw Fgp]nbmdv
1.

Xzat Zyp`nkvXzamipipmWo
kvX zaZv`ykvX zaiva\kv]cn
Xzw ht\`ykvXztamj[o`ykvXzw
\rWmw \r]tX Pmbtk ipNnx

tl At Av Zypfm (bmKZnhksf \an

amn) Npp]mw ipipWnbmbn ({]Imiam\\mbn)
`hnpp. \cmcpsS a[yn \r]Xnsm
(cmPmhv) Av ApIfn \nv (Pew) P\npp.
Aizfn \nv (Iv)DmIpp. Av h\fn
\nv P\np Av Hmj[nIfn \npmIpp.
ipNnsbtmWw (kqcy)]cnip\mbn P\npp.
Fgp]nbmdmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw Fgp]n Ggv

1. inht\ ta kwXnjvTkz tkymt\\ ta
kwXnjvTkz
kp`qtX\ ta kwXnjvTkz {_htk\ ta
kwXnjvTkz bkyn a\pkwXnjvTkz
D] tX bt D] tX \a D] tX \ax

637

tl b kzcq]\mb tZh, AbpsS apn

\akvImcw. AbpsS ASpv \akvImcw. AbpsS
ASpv \akvImcw. AbpsS ASpv \akvImcw.
inhtmSp IqSn (awKfw) Fs ASpv \nesImm
epw, tkym\hpw (kpJZmbIw) kp`pXhpamb (kpcw)
cq]n {_hktmsS (thZw ]TnhcpsS
tXPtmSpIqSn Av tim`npp.
Fgp]ntbgmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw Fgp]nFv
1.

kXyw ]cw ]cw kXyw ktXy\ \

kphmtmIImyht IZmN\
kXmw ln
kXyw XkvamXv ktXy cat

k X y w F {X b p w t {ij v Ta m I p p . G h p w
t{ijvTambnpffXv kXyw XsbmIpp. kXyw \nan
w kztemIn \nv Hcmp Hcnepw
Xmtgmp]XntXmbn hcpn. FpsImsm
kXyw k\pffXmWv. AXpsImv kXyn
ktmjnpp.

2.

X] CXn Xt]m \m\i\mXv]cw bn ]cw

X]kvXZv Zp[jw XXv Zpcm[jw XkvamXv
X]knca\v tX.

Nne X]sv ]dbpp. A\i\n \np

]camb (D]hmkn IqSnb) X]n. bmsXmmtWm
DXvIrjvSamb X]v AXv Zp[jamIpp. (ioenp
hm {]bmkapffXv) AXv Zpcm[jhpamIpp.
(apffhv kao]nm {]bmkapffXv)AXn\m
t{ibv B{Klnph X]n ktmjapsm
ffpp.

3.

Za CXn \nbXw {_NmcnWkvXkvamZv

Zta cat

Zasav (C{nb \n{Klw) {_NmcnI Ftmgpw

]dbpp. AXn\m t{ibv B{Klnph C{nb
\n{Kln canpp.

4.

ia CXyctWy ap\kvXkvamta cat.

iaamsWv (at\m\nb{Ww) BcWynepff

(h\w) ap\nI ]dbpp. AXpsImv at\m\nb{W
n Ah ktmjnpp.

5.

Zm\anXn kmWn `qXm\n {]iwkn

Zm\mmXnZpjvIcw Xkvammt\ cat

Zm\sav Fm `qXfpw (PohnI) {]iwknp

p. Zm\sm AXnZpjvI cambn Hpan. AXp

sImv {ibn B{Klnph Zm\n canpp.

6.

[ CXn [tW kanZw ]cnKrloXw

[mXnZpcw Xkva mt cat

tam km[\ambnpffXv [amsWv ]dbpp.

[m CsXmw Xs kwcnsSpp.
[stmse A\pjvTnphm {]bmktadnbXmbn
asmn. AXn\m t{ibv B{Klnph
[n canpp.

7.

{]P\ CXn `qbmwkkvXkva mXv `qbnjvTx

{]Pmbt
Xkva mXv `qbnjvTmx {]P\t\ cat.

{]P\w (kmt\mev]mZ\w) tam ImcWsapw

hfscb[nIw BfpI ]dbppv. AXn\m hfscb
[nIw BfpI {]PIsf P\nnpp. As\ ]ecpw
kmt\mev]mZ\n ktmjnpp.

8.

Ab CXyml XkvamZb B[mXhymx

thZ\njvTmcm sshZnIm AnI tamIm

cWsav ]dbpp. BbXn\m tamtNvibm Ah
Aym[m\w sNpp.

9.

Antlm{XanXyml
XkvamZntlm{X cat

tamImcWamWvAntlm{Xsav Nne ]dbp

p. AXpsImv Antlm{Xn ktmjnpp.

10. b CXn bt\ ln tZhm Znhw KXmx

XkvamZv bPvtR cat.
Nne ]dbpXv bamWv tamkm[\sa
mWv. AXn\m Nne bn ktmjnpp,
BWv tamImcWsav m\nI hnNmcnpp.
AXn\m m\nI a\v sImpff D]mk\bn
am{Xw hnizknpp.

12. am\kanX hpZzmwkx XkvamZv hnZzmwk

Gh am\tk cat.
lncWy K` ]dbpXv k\ymkamWv tamIm
cWsamWv lncWyK`\mb {_mhv At Alw
t{ijv T\mWtm. bYmn CXphsc ]d
Fm [fpw A]cfmb (XmW\nebnepff)
X]pIfmIpp. \ymkw XsbmWv (k\ymkw)
Fmn\pw anIXv. bmsXmcph Cs\ Adnbpp
D]\njmIpp (clkythZhnZy)
Fgp]nsbmw A\phmIw Ignp.

638

I A\phmIw Fgp]n H]Xv

1.

{]Pm]tXym lymcpWnx kp]tbx

{]P]Xnw ]nXca]kkmc Inw `Khx
]caw hZoXn. Xkvs sa t{]mhmN.

{]Pm]Xy\pw ({]Pm]XnbpsS ]p{X) kphtb

\pamb (kphbpsS ]p{X) BcpWn ]nXmhmb
{]Pm]Xnsb kao]np. `Khmmcmb aljnam Fn
s\ Ghpw DXvI rjvSsav ]dbpp Fv Aht\mSv
]dbpIbpmbn.

2.

ktXy\ hmbpcmhmXn ktXy\mZntXym

tcmNtX Znhn kXyw hmNx {]XnjvTm
ktXy kw {]XnjvT nXw XkvamXv
kXyw ]caw hZn

kXym Imv hoipp. kXym BZnXy

BImin {]Iminpp. hmns {]Xnjv T
kXyamIpp. kXyn kIeXpw {]XnjvTnXambn
cnpp. AXn\m kXys kthmXvIrjvSsav
aljnam ]dbpp.

3.

X]km tZhm tZhXm{K Bb

X]kmjbx kphc\zhn
X]km k]Xv\m {]WpZmam
cmXokvX]kn kw {]XnjvTnXw
Xkva mXv X]x ]caw hZn.

BZyw tZhm X]psImv tZhXm`mhw {]m]n

p. Ejnam X]psImv kphtemIs {]m]np.
X]psImv AcmXnIfmb k]vXmsc (t{ibn\v
{]Xn_ambn \np i{Xpsf) \inns.
kIeXpw X]nemWv {]XnjvTnXambnpffXv. AXn\m
X]v AXyw t{ijvTambn aljnam ]dbpp.

4.

Ztat\ Zmmx Inev_ njah[q\zn

Zta\ {_NmcnWx kphcK Ztam
`qXm\mw Zcm[jw Zta kw {]XnjvTnXw
Xkv amax]cawhZn.

iam (at\m\nb{Ww) immcmb ]in

hs (awKfw) BNcnpp. ap\nI iaw sImv
\mIs (kzw) {]m]np. iaw `qXv (PohnI
{]m]nphm hnjapffXmWv kIeXpw ian
{]XnjvTambncnpp. AXn\m iaw kht{ijvTsav
Adnhpffh ]dbpp.

6.

Zm\w bm\mw hcqYw ZnWm, temtI

ZmXmcw k `qXm\yp]Pohn, Zmt\\
AcmXoc]m\pZ, Zmt\\ Zznjtm
an{Xm `hn, Zmt\ kw {]XnjvTnXw
Xkva mm\w ]caw hZn.

ZnWbmKfpsS hcqYamb ({][m\w) Zm\am

Ip temIn kIe `qXfpw ZmXmhns\ D]Pohn
pp. Zm\w sImv AcmXnIsf (i{Xp) CmXm
m Ignbpp. Zm\w sImv Zznjp (i{Xp)
an{Xfmbn `hnpp. kIeXpw Zm\n {]XnjvTn
XamWv. AXp \nanw Zm\w AXyw DXvI rjvSsav
Adnhpffh ]dbpp.

7.

[tm hnizky PKXx {]XnjvTm temtI

[njvTw {]Pm D]k]n [tW ]m]
a]\pZXn [t kw {]XnjvTnXw Xkvam
w ]caw hZn.

hnizamb PKnsbpw (Fm temIw) {]XnjvT

(B{ibw) [amIpp. temIn [njv Ts\
{]PI kao]npp. [m ]m]w \inpp.
[m Fmw {]XnjvTnXambncnpp. AXp
sImv [w t{ijvTamb t{ibx km[\sav Adn
hpffh ]dbpp.

8.

{]P\\w ssh {]XnjvTw temI

km[p {]Pmbm
kv\pw X\zm\x]nXrWma\rtWm `hXn.
XtZh Xkym\rWw XkvamXv {]P\\w
]caw hZn

Zmm (C{nb \n{Klw km[nh) Za\w

sImv (C{nb\nb{Ww) Inev_ njs (]mhw)
\innpp. Zan {]XnjvTnXambncnpp. AXp
sImv Zaw At Aw t{ijvTamsWv Adnhpffh
]dbpp.

k Xypev ] mZ\w temI n \ne\nev ] n\v

ImcWamIpp. imkv{X{]Imcw {]PIsf \ne\nev]ns\
sNp ]nXmv ISanmh\mbn`hnpp.
AXpXsbmWv Ah\v ISanmXncnp Ah.
AXpsImv iXypev]mZ\w F{Xbpw t{ijvTNIsav
]dbpp.

5.

9.

itat\ immx inhamNcn iat\

\mIw ap\tbm \zhn itam `qXm\mw
Zpcm[jw ita kw {]XnjvTnXw XkvamXv
iax ]caw hZn

Atbm ssh{Xbo hnZym tZhbm\x ]m

KmlXy EIv ]rYnho cYca\zmlmcy
]N\x bPqccnw hmatZhyamlh\obx
kma kphtm temIm _rlXv Xkva mo
]caw hZo.

639

{Xbo hnZy (aqp thZfn \nv Inp m\w)

tZhbm\amb ]mhv(amw) Kml]Xymn, EtKzZw,
]rYnhocphw, cYcsa kma Km\w CsXmss
AntZhmXs. A\zmlmcy ]N\sa An
bPpthZhpw Acocq]hpw hmhtZhysap
]dbp kmaKm\hpw Blh\obmnbpw kma thZ
hpw, kzhpw _rlsp ]dbp kmaKm\hpw
Fmw An kzcq]tfm, AnIfm {]m]nsSm
IgnbptXm BWv. AXn\m AnIsf t{ijvTsav
tZhhnp IcpXpp.

10. Antlm{Xw kmbw {]mXKrlmWmw

\njvIrXnx kznjvSw kplpXw
b{IXq\mw
{]mbWw kphky temIky tPymXnx
XkvamZntlm{Xw ]caw hZn.
kmbw Imenepw {]mXx Imenepw sNp
Antlm{Xw Krlv (hoSpIfn sNp
]m]v) \njvIXnbmIpp. ({]mbnw) kznjvSw
(\t]msebPns bmKw) kplpXw. (th hn[w
\Snb tlmaw) bfpsSbpw {IXpfpsSbpw
{]mbWhpw ({]mcw`w) kztemIns tPymXnpw
BIpp. AXpsImv Antlm{Xw Ghpw t{ijvT
sav sshZnIm IcpXpp.

12. am\kw ssh {]mP]Xyw ]hn{Xw

am\tk\ a\km km[p ]iyXn a\km
Ejbx {]Pm AkrP am\tk kw
{]XnjTnXw Xkvamm\kw ]caw hZn
am\kw (a\psImpff D]mk\) {]mPm]Xy
amWv ({]Pm]Xnsb kw_nXv) AXv ]hn{XamIpp.
D]mk\bm GIm{Kamb a\n\m \Xv ImWm
Ignbpp. a\psImv ap\nam {]PIsf krjvSnp.
a\ns GIm{KXbnemWv kIeXpw {]XnjvTnXambnp
ffXv AXn\m am\ks Gddhpw t{ijvT sav
Adnhpffh ]dbpp.

13. \ymk CXymlp\ojntWm {_mWmw

{_m hnizx IXax kzbw{`qx
{]Pm]Xnx kwhc CXn.
a\ojnI (m\nI) \ymbw Fv {_mhns\
]dbpp. {_w hnizamIpp. IXa (B\kzcq]n)
kzbw `q (X\nsb Dmbh) {]Pm]Xn ({]PIfpsS
\mY) kwhc (Imekzcq]n) Cs\sbmw
{_mhns\n ]dbpp.

14. kwhtcm kmhnZntXym b Gj

BZntXy ]pcpjx k ]ctajvTo {_mm

Imekzcq]amb kwhcw B BZnXy\mIpp.

BZnXy\n bmsXmcp ]pcpj\ptm Ah ]ctajvTn
bpw (lncK`) {_mmhpw (]c{_kzcq]n)
BIpp.

15. bm`ncmZnXykvX]Xn civan`nkvXm`nx

]t\ym hjXn ]t\yt\mj[n
h\kv]Xbx {]Pmb Hmj[nh\kv]Xn
`ncw`hXyt\ {]mWmx {]mssW_ew
_te\ X]kvX]km {im {ibm
ta[m ta[bm a\ojm a\ojbm at\m
a\km imnx imym Nnw Nnt\
kvarXnx kvarXym kvamcw kvamtcW
hnm\w
hnmt\\mm\w thZbn Xkva mZw
ZZ kmtWyXm\n ZZmXymXv {]mWm
`hn {`qXm\mw {]mssWt\m a\k
hnm\w hnm\mZm\tm {_tbm\nx
GsXmcp civanIsfsmmtWm kqcy NqSpm
pXv B civa nIsfsmv h\y (taLw)
Bbnov ag s]npp. ]P\y \nanw
Hmj[nIfpw h\kv]XnIfpw AapmIpp. (`W
km[\) Aw sImv {]mWMAMfpw, {KmW
fm _ehpw, _em X]pw, X]psImv
{ibpw, {isImv ta[bpw (_pn) ta[sImv
a\ojbpw (C{nbkwbaw C{nb kwbaw sImv a\\p
inbpw, a\m\n{Klw sImv imnbpw, imnsImv
m\Xr]vXamb Nnhpw, NnwsImv Hmin
bpw, Hminbm \ncckvacWhpw, \ncckvac
Wm hntitjW Dff m\hpw e`npp.
hnPRm\w sImv BXv amhns\ Adnbm Ignbpp.
AXn\m Aw Zm\w sNph CsXmw \Ipp.
An \nv PohnIfpsS {]mWfpmIpp.
hnm\m B\w knnpp. AXmIs Fm
nsbpw Dhm\amb ]c{_mhv.

16. k hm Gj ]pcpjx ]mm

tb\ kanZw t{]mXw ]rYnho Nmcnw N
Zyu ZnimhmcZnim k ssh
kanZw
PK k `qXw k `hyw PnmkIv\ p]vX
EXPm
cbnjvTmx {im ktXym ]lkzmatkm
]cnjvSmXv mXzm Xtahw a\km
lrZmN `qtbm
\ arXypap]bmln hnZzm. XkvamZv\ym
ktajmw X]kmaXncnamlpx

640

k\ymkw sImv ]cakXyw kmmXvcnnpff

B ]pcpj Ap hn[n Av kz`mhtfmSp
IqSnbh\mbnocpp. ]rYnhnbpw Acohpw BIm
ihpw Ah Xs. Cu P\sbpw Ah\mWv. Ah
`qXImeamWv. Ah `hyamWv. (hcm t]mIpXv)
A h PnR v P mkm e y nse nbh\mWv .
cbnjvT (Bm\amIp [\amh) hnizmk
hpw, kXyhpw ]lkzm\pw (kzmbw {]Imi) BWv
Ah Xans D]cn\npp. a\pw sImpw
lrZbwsImpw Ahs\ Cs\ a\nemn m\n
acWw {]m]npn. AXn\m \ymks (k\ymkw)
Cu X]pIfn shv AXncnsav (hninjvSw)
]dbpp.

17. hkpctWzm hn`pckn {]mtW Xzakn

kmXm {_ Xzakn hnizkrt
tPmZmkXzakytckn htmZmkvXzakn
kqcyky Zypavt\mZmkvXzakn N{amk
D]bma
KrlotXmkn {_tW Xzm altk.
Atbm {_, Av hkpcWz\mIpp. (B
m\amIp [\w \Iph) hn`phpamIpp,
{]mW\pambn Iqn LSnnpph\mIpp. Av hniz
krv BWv (hnizhym]n) Ap N{s Zypavt\mZmhv
({]ImiamIp [\w \Iph) D]bma KrloX\m
Wv (D]bmasa ]m{XnseSp tkmackw)
ssNX\y kzcq]amb {_ XXzm\n\mbn A
sb Rm `Pnpp.

18. HmanXymm\w bpoX GXssZz atlm]

\njZw tZhm\w Kplyw b Ghw thZw {_
tWm alnam\am]vt\mXn XkvamXv {_tWm
alnam\anXyp]\njXv.
"Hmw' FpcnpsImv Bmhns\ tbmPnn
Ww. tZhmpIqSn clkyambnpff hninjvSamb
D]\njv CXmIpp. GsXmcph Cs\ {_
ns alXzw Adnbpp, Ah {_ns alXzw
{]m]npp. Cs\ D]\njv
Fgp]smaXmw A\phmIw Ignp.

A\phmIw F]Xv
1.

Xsskyhw hnZptjm bkymm bPam\x

{im ]Xv\o icocan[vaaptcm thZntemam\n
_lnthZx inJm lrZbw bq]x Ima BPyw
a\ypx ]ipkvXt]mnZax iabnXm
(Zm\w) Zn

Wm hmIvtlmXm {]mW DZvKmXm

Npc[zcyp
at\m {_m t{im{XaoXv bmhnbtX km
Zom bZiv\mXn XhnXv]n_Xn XZky
tkma]m\w b{ZatX XZp]ktZm bXv kc
Xyp]hniXypnjvTtX N k
{]htKymbpJw
XZmlh\otbm bm hymlrXncmlpXnZky
hnm\w XptlmXn bmbw
{]mXcn
Xan[w bXv{]mXm[yn\w kmbw N
Xm\n kh\m\n tb Atlmcmt{X tX
Zi]q
amku tb amkm amkm tX
NmXpm
kym\n tb EXhkvtX ]ip_m
tb kwh
cm ]cnhcm tXlKWmx kthZ
kmw hm GXXvk{Xw bcWw
XZh`rYw GX
ssZz Pcmaantlm{Xw k{Xw tb
Ghw hnZzm
\nZKbt\ {]aobtX tZhm\mtah alnam\w
KXzmZnXyky kmbpPyw KXyY tbm
ZntW
{]aobtX ]nXrWmtah alnam\w KXh N{
akxkmbpPyw KtXyXu ssh kqcymN{
atkmlnam\u {_mtWm
hnZzm\ `nPbXn
Xkva mZv {_tWm alnam\am]vt \mXn
Xkva mZv
{_tWm alnam\anXyp]\njXv.

Cu hn[n kXyns kmmXv mcw e`n

npff m\nbpsS PohnXw Xs bamWv. PvRm
\nbpsS Bmhv B bn bPam\\t{X.
bPam\]Xn Atlns {iXs. Atlns
{i Xs. Atlns icocw Xs hndImWv.
amdnSamWv thZn. tcma Z`ppIfmIpp. thZam
Wv inJ, lrZbw, bp]hpw, B{Klw, BPyamIpp.
tIm]w tlmanphm\pff arKamWv. X]v AnbmWv.
_en \Iph C{nb \n{Klw; hmv tlmXmhv,
DZvKmXmsh ]ptcmlnX\pw hmmWv Npv A[zcyw
F ]ptcmlnX\t{X. a\v {_amIp ]ptcmlnX;
t{im{Xw AoXv F ]ptcmlnX\mWv. Poh F{X

641

I Imew Dtm A{Xbpw Imew ZobmWv. `npXv

lhnv; IpSnpXv tkma]m\w; ktmjnpXv
D]kZv F Iw. kcn, Ccn, Fhpt
Ch {]hKyw F IamIpp. apJw Blh\o
bmK\nbmWv. kwkmcnpXv BlpXn. hnm\w,
tlmaw, {]`mXnsebpw sshIptcsbpw `Ww
An hndInSpXmWv . {]`mXhpw a[ymhpw
kmbm Imehpw kh\fmWv. ]fpw, amk
fpw, NXpamky, EXp ]ip_bmKw,
kwhcfpw ]cnkwhcfpw AlKW bmK
; Fmw IqSn k\ymknbpsS PohnXw Hcp b

amWv acWw Ah`rY kv\m\amIpp. Cs\ PXacW]cyapff PohnXw Antlm{XamIpp AntKm{Xsa bamIpp. CXdnbph DcmbW
Imev tZhmcpsS amlmyw {]m]nv BZnXym
Iamb kmbpPyw {]m]npp. kqcysbpw N{sbpw
alXzw {]XyIadnbp hn{] Ah cpw kmmXvI
cnpp. Fm ]cakXyw kmmXvIcn k\ymkn
{_ns amlmyw t\Spp. AXn\m ]c{_
s a\nempXv {ianWw.

alm- \m-cm-b- tWm]\njv kam]np.

Q
1 alm-hm-tIym-]-\n-jv

imn-]mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx irWp-bma tZhm `{Zw
]tiy-]-am--`n-cy- Pt{Xx nssc-cw-ssK-kvXp--h mwk-kvX-\q-`n-hy.-tia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx kzkvXn \x
Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \x ]qjm hniz-thZmx
kzkvXn \kvXmtym Acn--t\anx kzkvXn t\m
_rl-kv]X
- n Z[mXp Hmw imnx imnx imnx

AXn-s\-p-Sv {_mhv A]-tcm-m-\p-`h

- ]
- -c-amb D]\n-jv hymJym-\n-m-sav ]d-p. Cu D]-\n-jv
{]mIr-X-mv D]-tZ-inp sImSp--cpXv ImcWw CXv
F{Xbpw tKm]-\o-b-amWv Fnepw kmXzn-Ih
- r-n- tbm-SpIq-Sn-bh
- \pw Aap-J\pw Kpcp ip{iq-j m-]c
- -\p-amb
injy\v D]-tZ-in-mw. AXn-\m kmwkm-cn-I-amb _\-n\pw tam- n\pw Imc-W-`q- X- amb Ahn-Zym-t\- {X-
tZh- m- s c, R ImXp-I sImv awKfw
D]-kw-l-cnv Am-\m--Im-c-a-In kIm-a-I--fn
tItW. Ip-I sImv awKfw ImWtW. Atcm-Khym]r-X-amb temIs XXz-m-\-n-tev \bn-t-Zr-V-Km-{X-cmbn R \nsf kvXpXn--sIm-n-cn--tW.
Xm-h-iy-am- W.v
Rv \n- bn-n-p Bbpp apgp-h R A\p`-hn--tW. alm-Ion-am-\mb C{ Rv awKfw 2. ss\tjm f Imtcm f bamm hnZym lnIm\I-tW. kh--\mb ]qjmhv Rv awK- f-a-cp-f- m--cm-ZntXym tPym-Xna-ew {Kmlyw \m]cw
s. A{]-Xn-l-X-th-K-hm-\mb Kcp-U Rv awKfw Akm-h m-ZntXym {_t-Xy-P-]-tbm-]-lnXw lwkx
\ItW. _rl-kv]Xn Rv \-bc
- p-ftW. Hmw tkm f lw {]mWm-] m-\m`ymw {]Xn-tem-am-\ p-temam`ymw kap-]-e-ss`yhw km Nncw e_v[zm-Xr-hr-Zmimnx imnx imnx

1. lcn Hmw AY tlmhmN `K-hm {_ ]tcmm-\p-`-h-]-tcm-]-\n-jZw hymJym-kymax Kply-XvKply-X-c-tajm \ {]mIr-Xmb D]-tZ-hym kmXzn-Imbm- apJmb lcn-i p- {iq-j th AY kwkrXn
_-tam- - tbmhn- Zym-h ntZy Npjn D]-k wl r X y hn m- b m- h nZy te mIm- - k vX tam
ZrJvXtam ln imco-c-{]-]-am {_ mh-cm-a-m-Jn-em--`qXw \nJne \nKtam ZnX-k-Im-a-I
hyh-lmtcm temIx

\n {_-Wy-`n-[ym-b-amt\ kn-Zm-\x ]c-am-mhn`hn

Bmhv A-Im-c-a-b-a-sp kzbw {]Im-i-n
\np `n-a-m--Xp-sImv kzbw {]Im-i-cq-]-am-sW-pap m\w e`n-m-Xn-cn-p-n- S-t mfw a\p-j y
m\w t\S-Ww. hnZy tPymXnkz-cq-]-am-Wv. Gsd {]bXv\-an- m- sXbpw ti-km-[-\- IqSm- sXbpw {_- {]m]vXn
kpe-`-am-Wv. AXns t]cmWv lwkw. Xm\pw {_-ns
Hcw-i-sap IcpXn {]mWm-]m\ izmk- aptJ\ CXn-

642

I \p m\-amnv Nnc-km-[\ sNbvXv Cu hnZy

aptJ\ kan hyn XssZIyw Fo aqp cq]-n-ep
{_-n [ym\n-m kn-Zm-\ kzcq-]-\mb ]c-am-mhns\ kmm-XvI-cn-mw.

3. kl-{k-` m-\p-a- p-cnXm ]qcnXm ]qcn-X-Xzm-Z-en]ym-]m-c-hm-c-qc Ch ss\jm kam[nx ss\jm-tbmK-knnx ss\jm at\m-ebx {_ssIyw XXv BZnXyhw Xa-k kvX p ]tc khmWn cq]mWn
hnNnXy [ocm \mam\n IrXzm f `nh-Z\y ZmkvtX
[mXm ]pc-kvXm-Zy-ap-Zm-P-lm-c. i{Ix {]hn-Zzm {]Xni--X{kx Xtahw hnZzm-\-apX Cl `hXn \m\yx
]m Ab-\mb hnZy-tX. bt\ b-a-P-b
tZhmx Xm\n [mWn {]Y-am\ym k tX l
\mIw aln-am\w kNt b{X ]qth km[ym
kn tZhmx

km[yw am{X-am-bn-cp-Xv AhnsS Fn-btm {]Im-icq-]-am-bn.

4. tkm f lax ]cw tPymXn

c-tPym-Xn-clw inhx
B-tPym-Xn-clw ip{Ix
kh-tPym-Xnc kmh-tZmlx
Rm NnZm-Zn-Xy\pw ]cw tPymXn-p-am-Wv, AtX inhX-Xz-am-W,v AtX B-tPym-Xn-mWv kI-eXpw {]Im-in-np B {_-ns kzcq-]hpw AXn \n `n-hpam-Wv.

5. b GXZ Yh-intcm f [otX {]mX-c[

- n-bm-t\mcm-{Xn-IrXw ]m]w \mi-bXn kmb-a-[o-bmt\m Znhk-IrXw ]m]w \mi-bXn XXv kmbw {]mXx {]bpRvPm\x ]mt]m f A]mt]m `hXn a[yw-Zn-\-am-ZnXXz- m- \hrn Bbncw kqcy- m- cpsS {]Im-i-tm- Xym-`n-aptJm f [obm\x ] alm-]m-X-tIm-]-]m-XSp-Iq-Sn-bXpw {]im-hpw {_-c-k-]q-cn-Xhpw BWv. Cu ImXv {]ap-NytX kh- th-Z-]m-c m-b-W -] pWyw e`hrn kam-[ntbm tbmK-kn-ntbm at\m-eb
- tam A. tX. {ioa-l m-hnjvWp kmbq-P y-a-hm-] vt\m-Xo-Xyp-]{]Xy--{_-
- ns GIm kzcq-]-am-W.v BZn-Xy-kz-cq- \n-j-X v.
]-am-Wv. kh-N-cm-N-c-fpw anYy-sbp IcpXn Xs
Xm{X kzcq]w {Kln-p--h am{Xw {_-kzq]w {]m]np-p. {_mhpw CXv ]d-n-p-v. Znp-Ifpw D]-Zn-pIfpw {_- m-\n-I-fn apJy-\mb C{\pw CXv ]d-np-v. Cu {_s Cs\ a\-n-em-p hnZzm ]cam--kz-cq-]-\m-bn-o-cp-p. tam- e_
- v[nv thsd aman-. C{mZn tZh-mcpw m\-bw sImv bPn-pIbpw As\ Poh-p--cm-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Pohp cq]-n- ep I- -fmWv BZy-ap-m-bXv BZyw

Cu AYh-in-cv {]`m-X- n A[y-b\w sNp-h cm{Xn sNbvX ]m]w \in- n- p-p. sshIp-tcw A[yb\w sNp- -h ]I-e s ]m]w \in- n- p- p.
Imepw sshInpw A[y-b\w sNp-- h ]m]n-bm-sWnepw ]m]-lo-\-\m-Ip-p. DN-Nv kqcym-`n-ap-J-ambn A[yb\w sNp- -h ]-a-lm- ]m-XI tIm]- n \n ap\m-Ip-p. kh-th-Z-]m-cm-bWw ]pWyw t\Sp-p. {ioa-lmhnjvWp kmbqPyw {]m]n-pp.
alm-hm-tIym-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

atlm-]-\n-jv

imn]mTw
Hmw B]ybp aamwKm\n hmIv {]mWpx I
t{im{XatYm _mean{nbmWn N khmWn.I
khw {_tm]\njZw amlw
{_ \ncmIpcymw.I
am am {_ \ncmItcmZ\ncmIcW akvXz

\ncmIcWw ta AkvXpI
XZm\n \nctX b D]\n I
jq [mkvtX abn kp tX abn kp I
Hmw imnx imnx imnx I
]c{_sa, Fs khmwKfpw hmv, {]mW,
t\{Xw, t{im{Xw Fnhbp, inbp C{nbfpw

643

I ]cn]pjvSams. CXv D]\njXvZpamb {_amWv.

ky eemSmXvI

Rm CXns\ \ncmIcnpn. {_w Fs \ncmIcn

mXncntW. F\npw {_n\pw Xn At`Zy
amb _w DmItW. {_\ncX\mb Fn D]\n
jZpfmb [ \ne\ntW. Hmw imnx
imnx imnx

1. AYmtXm atlm]\njZw hymJymkyma kvXZml p tc t I m l s s h \ mc mbW B k n

{_mt\imt\m \mt]m \mKv\otjmau t\ ta
Zymhm ]rYnho \ \{XmWn \ kqtcym \
N{am k GImIo\ catX. Xkym[ym\m
ky bkvtXmaapNytX.
C\n atlm]\njns\n {]Xn]mZnmw. BZn
bn tIhew \mcmbW am{Xta Dmbncppffp.
{_mthm cp{Zt\m Petam Antbm hmbpthm BIm
itam ]rYzntbm \{Xtfm kqcyt\m Hpw Dm
bncpn. GImInbmbncnm Atlw CjvSsn.
AXpsImv Atlw kev] [ym\w sNbvX p. B
[ym\n\v b kvtXmasav ]dbpp.

2.

Xkvan]pcpjmXpi PmbtX
GImI\ym I
Zti{nbmWn a\x GImZiw tXPx ZzmZtimf
lwImcx I
{Xtbm ZiIx{]mWmx NXpi Bm
] Zio I
_pnx `qXm\n]Xm{XmWo. ]alm
`qXm\n I
k GIx ] hnwiXnx ]pcpjx XXv]pcpjw
]qcptjm I
\nthiy \mky {][m\ kwhcm
Pmbt I
kwhmcm Z[n Pmbt I

B [ym\^eambn ]Xnmep ]pcpjmcpw Hcp

I\yIbpw P\np. ]v C{nbfpw tXPkznbmb
a\pw Almchpw {]mW\pw BmhpamWv. B
]Xnmep ]pcpjm. Cu ]Xnmep ]pcp]mp
]pdsa _pnbmIp I\yIbpmbn Chbv pw
`nambn kqva`qXtfmSpIqSnb Ap Xm{XIfpw
]alm`pXfpw Dmbn. Cu ]pcpj {]thinp.
Fm Ccp]nbp XXztfmSp IqSnb hncmSv ]pcpj\n \npw kwhc DmIpn kwhc ImeamIp kwhcn \npamWpm
IpXv.

3. AY ]p\tchw \mcmbW. tkm f\yXv ImtamI

a\km [ymbXv krXky [ym\mx

{Xbx iqe]mWnx ]pcptjm PmbtX _n{_I

{nbw bix kXyw {_Ncyw Xt]m
sshcmKyw I
a\ sFizcyw k{]Whm hymlrXb
EKyPpx kmamI
YhmwKnckx khmWn Omwkn Xm\ywtK I
kam{ioXm\n XkvamZoimt\m
almtZthmalmtZhxI
A\cw \mcmbW asmcp kev]tmSp IqSn
[ym\n apgpIn. Atm Atlns s\nbn
\npw {Xnt\{X\pw {Xniqe]mWnbpamb hninjvS]pcpj\pmbn. biv, kXyw X]v, {_mNcyw, sshcmKyw, \nb{nX a\v, sFizcyw {]Whw tN
hymlrXnI, \mep thZ, kqOpI
Fnh B kn]pcpjs\ B{ibnncnpp. AXnsImv Atln\v Cuim\s\pw almtZhs\pw
t]cpI Dmbn.

4.

AY ]p\tch \mcmbWx tkmf\yXv ImtamI

a\km A[ymbX. Xkym [ym\m kyI
eemSmXv tkymtZmf]XXv. Xmx Camx {]XXmI
A]vk xXXkvtXtPm lncbmWvUw X{XI
{_m NXpptJm PmbX I

\mcmbW hnpw asmcp kev ] tmsS

[ym\np. AtXmsS Atlns s\nbn \nv
hnbv s]mSnp. B hnbmWv Pecq]n k
h{X hym]nncnpXv. B Pen AWphns
BImcn Hcp lncb tKmfw ImWsp. B
tXtPmtKmfn \npw NXpapJ\mb {_mhp
mbn.

5. tkmf[ymbXv ]qhm`naptJm `qXzm `qcnXn

hymlrXnKmb{XwO EtKztZm AntZhXm.
]nam`naptJm `qXzm `phcnXn hymlrXnkv
ss{XjvTp`w Otm bpthtZm hmbp tZhXm
Dcm`naptJm `qXzm kzcnXn hym lrXnPmKXw
Ox kma thZx kqtcym tZhXm ZnWm`naptJm
`qXzm alcnXn hymlrXncm\pjv S p`w NtmAYhthZx tkmtam tZmhXm.
Ingtmp t\mn \nv {_mhv `x Fp
cnpsImv Kmb{Xo, Ov, EtKzZw, An Fnh
sbbpw ]Snmtdmp t\mn \nv `phx Fpcnv,
PKXn Ov kmathZw, kqcy Fnhsbbpw sXtmv
t\mn \nv ""al v '' F pcnv A \pj v S p]v

644

I AYhthZw tkma Fnhsbbpw [ym\np.

6.

7.

kl{kiojw tZhw kl{kmw

hniziw`qhw I
hnizXx ]caw \nXyw hnizw \mcmbWw lcnwI
hniztaZthZw ]pcpjkvXZznizap]PohnXn I
]Xnw hntizizcw tZhw kapt{Z
hnizcq]nWw.I

]noSv {_mhv kl{kioj\pw kl{km\pw

khawKfkzcq]\pw khhym]nbpw ]cmXXv]c\pw
\nXy kzcq]\pamb \mcmbWs\ [ym\np. Atlw
B PKoizcs\ ZinXv ockmKcimbnbmbnmWv.
I am{Xbn Xs Atlw XsbmWv hnizcq]
s\mpw kIe {]]nsbpw Poh Ctls
sbmWv B {ibnncn psXpw {_mhn\v
t_m[ysp.

8.

]tImi {]XoImiw ew_Xym

tImikn`w I
lrZbw Nm]yt[m apJw kwXpkvssXkoXv
Imcm`n I
9. Xkyat[y alm\n hnizmn
hniztXmapJw I
XkyatyhninJm AWotbm[zm
hyhnXm I
10. Xkym inJbm at[y]camm hyhnXx I
k {_m k Cuim\x tk{ tkmcx
]cax kzcmUnXn atlm]\njXv I
]tImiw t]mse ZoLhpw At[mapJhpamb
lrZbn \nv koXvImci_vZw ]pdspsImncn
pp. B lrZbns a[yn almb Hcp
Pzmebpv. B An PmebpsS. B PzmebmWv Zo]in
tJmse ]p Znnepw {]Imiw hnXdn hnizs
{]Imiam\ampXv . B An PzmebpsS at[y
apIfn sNdnb Hcp An inJbpv. AXns
a[ynemWv ]cammhp XsbmWv {_mhpw Cuizc\pw C{\pw Ahn\minbpw Fv atlm]\njv
]dbpp.

cma[ymbw

B ]cam\w \nccw BkzZnph\pw alm

tXPkznbpamb ap\nbmbncpp ipItZh. P\ntm
Xs Atlw kXyXXzm\ Bnp.
]cm{ibw IqSmsX Xs Nnnp. hnthI_pnbm
Bkzcq]w FmsWpffXns\n kp\nnX
t_m[apsmp

3.

A\mJyXzmZKayXzm\xjjvtT{nb
ntXx I
Nnm{Xtah ammWpcmImimZ]n
kqva Ix I

4.

NnZtWmx ]cakymx tImSn

{_mWvUtcWhx I
DXv] nnXn at`yXy eobt in
]cybmXv I

5.

BImiw _mlyiq\yXzmZ\mImiw
Xp NnXzXx I
\ InnZyZ\ntZiyw hkvXp ktXn
In\ I

A\nhN\obamb Bmhv AKayamIpp.

a\mIp Bdmas C{bn CcnpXn\m
AXv AWphnmImcamWv. AXv Nnm{Xhpw BImi
XX zs m A Xnk q v hp amI pp . C u ]a
Nn{Zp]mWphn tImSm\ptImSn {_mWvUtcWp
krjvSnnXnebw tNcpp.
Bmhv Nn{Zq]ambXn\m BImin \npw
`namWv. Fm _mlyiq\yXbm CXns cq]w
hnm {]bmkamWv. CXv hkvXpcq]a. Fm
k BbXn\m hkvXp cq]hpamIpp.

6. tNXtkmfku {]ImiXtZzZy `mhmn

tem]ax I
kzm\n thyma\n kztPKZptj
Nn{XIrXv I
7. XXv `mam{XanZw hnizanXn \kymXx ]rYIvI
PKXv t`tZmf]n XZv`m\anXn t`tZmf]n XbxI
8. khKx khkw_tm KXy`mh\m KXn I
\mkv X ykmhm{ibm`mhmXvk {Zq]Xzm
XYmkvXnN I

1. iptIm \maalmtXPmxkzcq]m\XXv] cx I
PmXamt{XW ap\ncmUv bXv kXyw XZ
hm]vX hmI

9. hnm\am\w {_cmtX ZmXpx

]cmbWw I
kh kev] k\ymk tXkmbXv
]cn{Klx I

2. tX\mku kzhnthtI\ kzbtah alma\mx I

{]hnNmcyNncw km[p kzm\nb
am]vX hm I

10. Pm{KXx {]Xybm`mhw bkymlpx {]Xybw

_p[mx I
bXv ktmN hnImkm`ymw PKXv
{]fb krjvSbx I

645

I 11. \njvTm thZmhmIym\m aY hmNma

tKmNcx I
Alw knXv ]cm\ {_sshmkvXn
\ tNXcx I
CXv {]ImimIamIbm ssNX\y kzcq]amWv.
Fm thZ\mIamIbm inemcq]hpamWv. Dffn
CXv hn`n {]Imcn hntizmtjw hfpp.
hnizw AXn \npw `na. Bmhn ImWp
hnizt`Zhpw Bmhn \npw `na. kh _I
ambXn\m AXv FhnsSbpw Kanpp. Fm AXn
KXn kzm`mhanmXn\m kcnpn. \ncm{in
XamIbm \mkvXn cq]amWv; XXzcq]amIbm AkvXn
cq]tabpffq. [\Zmmhns almb KXn CXpXs
GsXmcp {_w B\ hnm\ cq]amWv, GXns\
kzoIcnpIbmtWm am\knI kev]fneqsS XymKw
am{XambncnpXv, _pnamm GsXmns t_m[
sbmtWm am\knI kev ] fneqsS XymKw
am{XambncnpXv, _pnamm GsXmns t_m[
sbmtWm Pm{KZhbpsS t_m[sbmtWm
Pm{KZhbpsS t_m[sap ]dbpXv. GsXmns
ktmNw sImmtWm {]fbhpw hnImkw sImv
krjv Snbpw kw`hnpXv . GsXmmtWm thZmhmIyfpsS \njvTmcq]hpw hmNmXoXhpambncnpXv. B knZm\ kzcq]amb {_n \npw
Rm `n\.

12. kzssbh kqva bm _p[ymkhw

hnmXhmipIx I
kzbw {]m]vtX ]tchkvXp\y hn{im a\mx
nXxI
13. CZw hkvXznXn hnizmkw \mkmhm
\yp]mb I
bu tIhew hnccmamky tNtXm hnjb
Nm]ew I
t`mtKt`ym `qcn `wtKt`ym [mcm`y Ch
NmXIx I
14. GIZmftkm ae {]tm tacm thIm
kwnXx I
]{] ]nXcw `ym IrjvWssZz]mbm\w
ap\nw I
15. kwkmcUw_canZw IYa`ypnXw apt\ I
IYw N {]{iaw bmXn Inw bXv Iky
IZmN\ I

{ioipI Xs kqv a _pnbm CsXmw

a\nemn kzbw e`n ]cam XXzn Atlw
eo\Nn\mbn. lrZbn CXpXsbmWv hkvXp
F ]cam t_m[hpw CXn \npw `nambn

asmns hnizmkhpw Dmbn. [mcmfw ag InnbXn

\m ktmjn NmXIns at\mhymIpeX AIe
mIpXpt]mse ipItZmhs a\v hn`nt`mK
sImp `qhmb Nm]eyn \npw apambn. Aae
{]\mb ipI almt]cp]hXn GImamb
`mKp Xt]m\njvTbnencnp ]nXmhmb IrjvW
ssZz]mb\ ap\ntbmSv tNmZnp:""almapt\, Cu
kkmcmUw_cns D`hw Fs\bmWv? CXv
FmWv hnebw {]m]nmXv? CsXmWv? BcpsS
XmWv? CXv Ftm Dmbn. CsXmw F\nv ]dp
XctW''

16. Ghw ]rjvtS\ ap\n\mhymtk\mJn

eamtP I
bYmhZJnew t{]mw hhyw
hnZnXm\m I
17. Amknjw ]qhtahalanXyY XXv
]nXpx I
k ipI kzXbm _p[ym\ hmIyw _lp
a\ytX I
18. hymtkmf]n `Khm _pzm]p{Xm`n{]mbaoI
Zriyw {]XyphmN ]p\x]p{Xw\mlw Pm\man
X XzXxI
19. P\tIm \ma `q]mtem hnZytX anYnem
]ptcbYm I
hXv thku thZyw XkvamXv kh
ahym]vkyknI
20. hn{Im XyIv X x ipIx {]mbmXv k ptatcm
hkp[mXew I
hntZl\Kcnw {]m] P\tI\m`n]menXmw I
ipIs Pnmk I v B m\nbmb
hymk Fm Imcyfpw ]p{X\v ]dpsImSpp.
Fm ipI\mIs CsXmw X\nv t\cs
AdnbmhpXmsWv Nnnp. ]nXmhp ]dXn
A{Xsbmpw {inn. ]p{Xs `mhw a\nemnb
hymk Cs\ ]dp:- ""Cu Imcyw Xz]cambn
Rm Adnbpn. \n\v Cu Imcyn Xmev]
cyapsn anYnem[n]Xnbmb P\IalmcmPmhns\
kao]npI. Atln\v Cu Imcyn Xmev]
cyapsn anYnem[n]Xnbmb P\IalmcmPmhns\
kao]npI. Atln\v Cu Imcyn Xmev]cy
apsn anYnem[n]Xnbmb P\IalmcmPmhns\
kao]npI. Atln\v Cu Imcyn ]cn]q
m\apv. \o B{Klnp Adnhv Atln
\nv Inpw.'' ]nXmhv ]dXptIv ipI almtacphn
\npw Xmsg Cdn P\IalmcmPmhns anYnem
\Kcnbnsen.

646

I 21.
22.

23.

24.
25.

26.

27.

BthZntXmfku bmjvSossIP\Imb
almt\I
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mbm Dzm _`qh P\IkvXpjvWow
k]v XZn\m\yY I
XXx {]thibmamk P\Ix ipIatW I
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P\tImemfbmamkipIw iin \n`m\\w I
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tIhew kpkvax kztm au\o apZnX am\kxI
kq Ch ioXmwipcXnjvTZaex ipIx I

Zzmc]mem ipI hXmbdnv P\IalmcmPmhnt\mSv ]dp. ""cmP hymkap\nbpsS ]p{X\mb

ipItZh sImmchmXp \npp.'' CXp tIv
P\I AhtbmsS ]dp. "" Atlw AhnsS
\ns''Ggp Znhkw Atlsn Hpw At\zjnn. Fmw Znhkw sImmcaptp Wnp.
hopw Ggp Znhkw AtltmSv kwkmcnn. ]ns
A]pcnse aptv Wnp. Fm ]ns
bpw Ggp Znhkw P\I ipIs apn hn.
As\ Ccp]ncmw Znhkw P\I bphXnIfpw
kpcnIfpamb kv{XoItfmSpw hnhn[ t`mP\{Zhy
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Atlw hnImcclnX\pw {]k Nn\pambn kwKtZm
jclnX\mbn ]qN{s\tmse ip{` tXPtmsS
AhnsS ImWsp.

28. ]cnmXkz`mhwXw ipIw k

P\tIm \r]x I
B\ob apZnXmt\ ahtemIy \\ma l I
29. \ntjnX PKXv Imcyx {]m]vX mJne
at\mcYx I
Inao]vknXw XthXyl IrXkzmKX
Bl Xw I

30. kwkmcmUw_canZw IYa`ypnXw Kptcm I

IYw {]iaambmXn bYmhZv IYbmip ta I

ip\Is\ P\I Cs\ ]conpIbpw Xs

]cobn ]qambn hnPbnncnppshv a\nempIbpw sNbvXtm ASp hnfnv \akvIcnv
kuayambn ]dp:- -"" Av AbpsS {]m]nI
hnjb Ahkm\nnncnpp.
Ctm Av khat\mcYfpw knnh\mbn
FmWm{Klsav ]dmepw."" ipI Adnbnp.
""Kpcphc, Cu kmwkvImcnI {]]w Fs\ Dm
Ipp? CsXs\ hnebw {]m]npp.? AXns\pdn
pff Imcy bYmh ]dbm ZbhpmIWw''.

31. bYmhZJnew t{]mw P\tI\ alm\mI

XtZhXXv ]pcmt{]mw Xky ]n{Xm
alm[nbm I
32. kzbtah abm ]qha`nPvR mXw hntijXxI
GXtZh ln ]rjvtS\ ]n{Xm ta
kapZmlrXw I
33. `hXmt]jy Ghmx IYntXm
hmKznZmw hc I
Gj Gh ln hmIym imkvt{Xjp
]cnZriytX I
34. at\m hnIev] kwPmXw XZznIev]
]conbmXv I
obtX ZKv[ kwkmtcm\nmc
CXn\nnXx I
35. XXv Inta Xlm`mKkXyw {_qln
aam New I
Xztm hn{iaam]vt\mantNXkm {`aXm
PKXv I
AXv tIXn\ptijw almmhmb P\I ipI
t\mSp ]d Imcysfmw Xs Atlns
]nXmhpw ]cam\nbpamb hymk apt Xs
]dp Ignncpp. AXn\m ipI ]dp:-""
CsXmw Rm kzbw a\nemnbhbmWv. A
F\nv ]dpXnpapv. Ap ]dXpw AtX
Imcy Xs. imkv{Xfpw CXp Xs DZvtLmjn
pp. am\knI kev] m {]]tmXv]nbpw
B hnI ev ] ns \ mi n {] ] \ mih pw
kw`hnpp. {]]w kmclo\amWv. Atm Cu
hkv Xp FmWv? AsX\nv tht]mse ]dp
XcWw. Fs a\v {]m]nI hnjbfn {`anv
sRcppp. AbpsS D]tZimse AXn\v imn
e`nq''

647

I 36.
37.
38.

39.

40.

41.

irWpXmhZnZm\ow Xzw IYyam\anZw abm I

{ioipIw m\hnkvXmc _pn
kmcmcmcw I
bZznm\mXv ]pam ktZymPohp
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Zriyw \mkvXoXnw t_mt[\a\tkm
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\nhrXn I
AtitjW ]cnXymtKymhmkm\mbmw
b Dax I
tam CXypNytX kZv`nx k Gh
hnae {Iax I
tb iphmk\m `ptbm \ Pm
`mKn\x I
mXtbmkvX DNytPohpm
alm[nbx I
]Zm`mh\mZmVyw _ CXy`n
[obtX
hmk\mXm\hw {_tam
CXy`n [obtX. I

{ioipIs A`y\ tIv P\I ]dp:-

C\n Rm Abv v m\sn hnkvX cnv
]dp Xcmw. Cu m\w Fm m\amWv. Cu
m\fpsSbpw kmchpw kh clkyhpamWv. Cu
m\w e`nph AXnthKw apn {]m]npp.
m\e_v[ntbmsS Zriy{]]w {_aamsWdnbpp.
a\v ipamIpp. \nhmWabamb imn Xpew
e`npp. GsXmcp XymKw sImmtWm hmk\I
]qambpw Ahkm\npXv AXmWv ]cahpw
t{ijv Thpamb XymKw. Cu Ahbv v hnZzmm
tamw Fp ]dbpp. ipamb Ima\ItfmSpw
Aiq\yamb PohnXtmSp IqSn BcmtWm
Adntb XXz \t]mse AdnnpffXv Ah
XsbmWv Pohp. ]Zm `mh\m ZmVyamWv
_\w hmk\m\i\w Xs tamw.

42. X] {]`pXn\mbkvssatlXpss\h
hn\m ]p\x
t`mKm Cl\ tcmNt k Pohp DNytX
44. ljmaj`bt{Im[ImaImWy ZrjvSn`nx
\ ]cmariytX tbmfx k
Pohp DNytX
45. Almcabow Xyzmhmk\mw
eoessbhbm bx
XnjvTXn t[yb kwXymKo k
Pohp DNytX

46. Cu]vkoXm\o]vk otX \ kvtXmbkym

hrnZrjv Sp

kpjp]vXnhZycXn k Pohp DNytX

47. A[ymcXncmko\x ]qx ]mh\ am\kx
{]m]vXm\pa hn{imn\
InnnlhmRvOXn
tbm PohXn KXkvt\lxk
Pohp DNytX
kzm`nhnIambns X]p apXemb km[\I
IqSmsX {]m]nIt`mKkpJfn hnc\mbh\mWv
Pohp. XmmenI kpJtam ZpxJtam GXm
bmepw AXn Bk\mImsX kpJn kwXr
]v X t\m ZpxJn hymIpet\m BImh\mWv
Pohp. As\bpffh Imat{Im[ lj
timImZn hnImcfn \nv apcmbn Almcw
AIemIpp. Nnw kZm AapJ ZrjvSntbmSp
IqSn Ima\mclnX\mbn Hcp hkvXphnepw Xmev]cytam
shdptmqSmsX kpjp]vXnp kaamb Ahbnen
cnph\mWv Pohp ipa\tmSpw Beo\
NntmSpw {]im\mbn Ignbph\pw B{Kltam
Bkntbm Cmh\pw Ftmgpw DZmko\\pambh\mWv Pohp.

48. kwthtZy\ lrZmImti a\mK]n \ en]ytX

bkymkmh PUm kwhnXmk Pohap
DNytX
49. cmK tZzju kpJw [m[u ^em ^te
bx ItcmXy\ t]ssyhk Pohp
DNytX
50. au\hm \nclw`mthm \nmt\m ap
ac
bx ItcmXn KtXmtZzKx k Pohp DNytX
51. kh{X hnKXkvt\tlm bx
kmnhZhnXx
\ncntm htX Imcy k Pohp
DNytX
52. tb\ [a[w N at\m a\\ aolnXw I
khax ]cnXyw k Pohp DNytXI
53. bmhXoZriyIe\mkItebw hntemIytX I
kmtb\ kpjvT pkwXym k Pohpm
DNytXI
54. ISzehWw XnaarjvSw arjvT tahNm I
katah N tbm `pMvtk
Pohp, DNytX I

648

I 55.
56.

57.

58.

59.

60.

61.

62.

PcmacWam]ncmPyw Zmcn{Ztah N
cayantXyh tbm `pMvtwk
Pohp, DNytX
[m[u kpJw ZpxJwXYm acW P\oI
[nbmtb\ \y kwXywk Pohp
DNytX I
DtZzKm\ clnXxkabm kzbm [nbm I
\ timNXn \ tNmtZXn k Pohp
DNytX I
kthmx kIemx imx XYm kh
\nbmx
[nbm tb\ ]cnXymx k Pohp DNytX
PnXnhn\mtijptkmZbm
kvXatbjv T N
katah at\m bky k Pohp DNytX
\ In\ tZzjvSn XYm \ Inn
Z]nImw Xn
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imkwkmc Ie\xIemhm\]n
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k Nntmf]n \nnk Pohp
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bx kakvXm Pmtejphyhlmc]n
\nkv ]rlx
]cmtjzn h ]qmm k Pohp
DNytX.

Hcp Imcynepw lyZbn BknbnmsX

tNX\okwhnXv kzcq]\mb \na {]IrXnbmWv
Pohp. Hcp Imcynepw ^emt]IqSmsXbpw
cmKtZzj clnX\mbpw \ntc\mbpw [m[
fn \nen]vX \mbh\pamWv Pohp. am\a
cmZnI shSnv AlwImcw XyPnv hnImchnap
\mbn DtZzKclnX\mbn I \ncX\mbnpffh\mWv
Pohp. tamclnX\pw kmnsbtmWw
PohnXw \bnph\pw ^emt]IqSmsX Iw
sNph\mWv Pohp. [m. [sfbpw
{]m]nI hnjbsfbpw ]nbpff Nn shSn
h\mWv Pohp. Cu hnimeamb {]]s
]cn]qambpw XyPnh\t{X Pohp. ]qfnv,
Ibv],v a[pcw, Dv Fo ckbpfmb ]Zmsf
AhbpsS kzmZns\n NnnmsX kzmZmkzmZNn
IqSmsX kIe ]Zmfpw Hpt]mse IcpXn
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acWw B]v, sFizcw, Zmcn{Zw Fo hn`n ZiIfn

Fm ]cnnXnIfnepw kpjv TNn\mbnpffh

\mWv Pohp. [m[fnepw kpJ ZpxJ
fnepw P\\acWfnepw ktmjtam hnjmZtam
{]ISnnm h\mWv Poh p. DtZzKm\
clnX\mbn timIljmZnIfn ka_pnbmbn kzNn
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hn[nepff CIsfbpw kwibsfbpw Ima\I
sfbpw \nbsfbpw ]qambn ]cnXyPnh\mWv
Pohp. krjvSn, nXn, ebw, Cu AhIfnepw
DXn, Ah\Xn Fnhbnepw kam\Nn\mWv
Pohp. Innb kpJw am{Xw A\p`hnph\pw,
BImwmclnX\pw Hnepw Cujytbm tZzjtam
C m h\ p a m W v P o h p . X e m bp t a m
IemclnXtam PohnXw GXphn[ambmepw {]m]nIhn
jbNnI ssIshSnh\mWv PohpIv X .
Xembptam IemclnXtam PohnXw GXphn[ambmepw
{]m ] nIhnj bNn I ssIs hSn h\ mWv
Pohp. {]nse kIe [\hpw Npp]mSpap
snepw Ahsb ]c[\sat]mse IcpXn \nkv]rl
\mbn Ignbph\mWv Poh p B mhn
]qXzm\p`qXn Dsmffp almmhmWv Pohp
Bmhn ]qXzm\p`qXn Dsmffp
almmhmWv Pohp.

63. Pohp ]Zw Xypzm kztZtl Ime

kmXvI rtX
hnapNy tZl apXzw ]ht\mfkv]Xmanh
B alm icocw ImekmXvIcnv Pohp ]Zw
XyPnv \ne ]h\s\tmse tZlpmhkv Ysb
{]m]npp.

64. hntZl aptmt\mtZXm\mkvX taXn

\ imayXn I
\ kmk Zqctm \ Nmlw \ N
t\ Xcx
hntZlapmhbn DXntbmAh\Xntbm
ia\tam C. Ahs Ah kXv AkXv Fnh
bvpw AXoXamWv. Ah Zqc\ Ah\n Alw`m
htam ]cm`htam C.

65. XXx cnXXnX Kw`ocw \ tXtPm \

XakvXXw
A\mJya\`n hyw kXv Inn
Zh injytX I
hntZlmhbn Kmw`ocyhpw kvX_v[Xbpw \ne
sImffpp. AhnsS tXPtm Xatm C. A`nhy
amImXpw A\nhN\obhpamb kpam{XamWhnsS.

649

I 66.
67.

68.
69.

70.

71.

72.

73.

\ iq\yw \m]n NmImtcm \ Zriyw \m]n

Zi\w I
\ N `qX ]ZmuL kZ\Xbm
nXw I
Ina\y{Xb]tZimm ]qmXv
]qXcm IrXnxI
\ kmk kZk `mthm `mh\w \ N I
Nnm{Xw ssNXyclnXa\aPcw inhw
A\mZn a[y]cyw bZ\mZn \ncmabw I
{ZjvSp Zi\ Zriym\mw at[ybi\w
kva rXw
XmXx ]cXcw Innntbm
kvXy]tcm apt\
kzbtah Xzbm mXw KpcpX
]p\x {ipXw
kz kev]himZv _tm\nxkev]m
ZznapNytX
tX\ kzbw Xzbm mXw tbw
bkyalm\x
t`mtKt`ym lycXnPmXZriymZzm
kIemZnl
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tNXkm
kzcqt] X]kn {_ apkvXzw
{`mnarP
AXn_mlyw XYm_mly acm`ycw [nbx
ipI ]iy ]tiykvXzw kmo
kqtIhexI

Hcp Xcnepff BImchpw AXn\n. AXv

iq\ytam AZriytam A. Zriyhpa. `qXm\n ]mZm
kaql lo\hpw. k{Zq]amb A\n nXn
sNpXpamWv . hnNn{X kXzmIamb AXns\
hnm\mhnym AXns BIrXn ]qsm
]qamWv.
AXv knepw Aknepw s]Spn. kwtbm
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tNX\mam{Xw hnizcq]w PcmclnXw IeymW Imcn
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khtZmjhn\nphpw A\mZnbpamWv. {ZpjvSp
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Zriy{]]tmSv hncn tXmm\nSsImSpp XXzw

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t\Sn Av thXp t\Sngnp. {`aw Dt]nmepw
Xt]mcq]n AhnX\mWv. Av AXn\m
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tIhe kmn cq]n \nesmffpp.

74. hni{ima ipIkvXpjvWow kzt

]cahkvXp\n
hoXtimI `bmbmtkm \ncolx On
kwibx
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kam[n\m
tZimnXzm iimamkmhm\y
kvt\l Zo]hX.v
77. hy]KX Ie\mIf ipx I
kzbaaem\n ]mht\ ]tZfku I
k e oe I W C h mw _ p [ u
hnKfnXhmk\taIXmw PKma I

am l m m

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kwib {iasfmpw IqSmsX Imalo\\mbn ]caXz
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tev t]mbn. BtZiamb AhnsS Atlw Bbncw
hjwXmaknp. \nhnIev] kam[naptJ\]caKXn
{]m]np. shffpffnI ISen ebnv ISembno
cpXpt]mse ipItZh\pw kev ] tZmjhn\nap
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ambn ebnp tNp.

aqma[ymbw
1. \nZmtLm \ma ap\ncmSv {]m]v X hnZy
_ me I x
h nl r X k v X o
bm{ X m w
]n{Xm\pmXhm kzbw.
2. k m [ {X ntI mS n X o tX zj p k v\ mX zm
Krlap]mKXx tkzmZw IYbmamk E`pw \Xzm
almibmx
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F ap\nt{ijvT ]nXmhns A\phmn Xom
S\n\v ]pdsp Cu bm{Xbn Atlw aqctmSn
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p aSn ]nXmhmb E`yaljntbmSv Xs XomS\
IY hnhcnp.

650

I 3.
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P\\mb N I
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tNjvS nXmx I
khmhZmw ]Zw ]m]m `mhm hn`h`qabx I
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injyt tIhem `mhm a\xIev]
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Dmbn. DmIm\mbnmWv \inpXv. CcppInI
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icocIw I
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km _nsv Poa\pIv B
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11.

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tmw. Fmepw PohnXn B hlnm
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sR c m\nShcmXns PohnXamWv t{ij v T w.
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651

I i{XphmWXv AlwImcw \nanw Rm ]e hn[

t`mKfnepw s]p AsXms anYybmbncpp.
Almcw \nanw Rm ]e hn[ t`mKfnepw s]p
AsXms anYybmbncpp. AlmccmlnXyamWv
PohnXns kmIX. {Kma tXmdpw Aep
Xncnbp ]nsbtmse ]ecpw t`mK tXSn
Aebpp. almtacp ]hXw ]ngpXpampXnepw
kap{ZPeamsI IpSnp hnpXnepw {]bmkamWv
a\ ns\ \ nb{ n pIsb Xv A nIpSn pI
FfpamWv; ]t Nn \n{Klw {]bmkamWv. a\v
_mlym`ym cfn Dgepp. Pm{KXv k z]v \
kpjp]vXymIamb PohnXw t{ijvTamm {ianWw.
a\ns\ \nb{npIbmWv AXn\v {][m\ambpw
Bhiyw.

apdnp IfbpIbmWv. Cu XrjvW Nebmb Hcp

s]Ipcp t]msebmWv AXptIdn ieyapmm
ean. AXv HcnSw Ignm asmv Cs\
NmSnmSn \Spp. AXv Nnetm BImin
Npndpsan Nnetm ]mXmfn Idpp.
]ns hn`n ZniIfnepw ]mbpp. temIn Ghpw
ieyapmpXv XrjvWbmWv. layfn kpJnp
Ignbphscbpw AXv Xmsg Xffnhnjannpp.
XrjvW Hcp almamcnbmsWpw ]dbmw. Nn Hcpanp
\nm Ignm kpJw t\Smw. Nn ZpxJIcamWv.
Cu tZlstmse Xpambnsmn. Almcsa
Krl `cnp hoSmWv Cu tZlw. Cu tZlw
Gsdmew \ne\ns. DS Xs \ins. F\nv
B Imcyn Nnbn. \mmIp s]Ipcv
ISm{Ianp Cu hmbv `oIcw Xs. ]pIfIp
An Xnnb Cu tZlamIp Krlw F\nv
lrZya.

22. bmw bmalw ap\nt{ijvT kw{ibman

KpW{inbw
Xmw Xmw IrXnta XrjvWmX{n anh
IpaqjnIm
23. ]Zw ItcmXyewt^y ]nXr]vtX
]n^eaohmtX
Nncw XnjvTXn ss\I{XXrjvWm N]e
aSo
24. WambXn ]mXmfw Ww bmXn
\`ew
Ww {`aXn ZnpRvtP XrjvWm lrXv
NjSv ]Zw
25. khkwkmc ZpxJm\mwXrjvssWh ZoL
ZpxZm\mwAx]pca]nbmtbmPb
XyXnktS
26. Xrjv WmXn jNnIm a{nm XymtKm
kZznP
kvtXmtI \m\ ambmXnkvtXmtXm
tX\mbmXn tJZmXmw
27. kmkvXn tZh kax timtNym \ \otNm KpW
hnX
28. Itfhc almcKrlky almKrlw.
EtXz taXp hm sscyw Inat\\ Kpcu aa.
29. ]wn _t{nb ]ipwhevKXrjvWm
KrlmWw Nn `rXy P\mIowt\jvSw
tZl Krlw aa
30. Pnlzm aSnIm {ImhZ\Zzmc `njWw
ZrjvT Zmn Ie\wt\jvT w tZl
Krlw aa

31. camwkabkymky_mlym`ymtc apt\

\mssiI [ntWm {_plnssIh
ImbkycayXm
32. XSnp icZt{`jvTKhw \KtcjvTp N
sscyw tb\ hn\iynk hnizkn Xp
hn{Ktl
33. ssiith KpcptX `XnamXrXx ]nXrXYm
P\tXm tPyjvS hmemssihw `bancw
34. kz Nn _ne kwt\\m\m hn{`a
ImcnWm
_emXv Ima]nimtN\hnhi ]cn`qbtX
35. Zmkmx ]p{Xm kv{Xosb ssh_m hmx
kplrXkvXYm
lk yp ahnh\cw _m[IInXw
36. ssZ\ytZmjabo ZoLmhtX hmtI
kv] rlm
kh]ZmtaI kJolrZn Zml{]Zmbn\o
37. IzNnZzm hnZytX tbjmwkwkmtc kpJ `m
th\BlpxkvXw `anhmkmZrImekvXma]n
IrXn
38. XrWw ]mwkpw atl{xNkphw tacp
kjhw
B`ocpXbm kham kmXv
IpapZyXx
Imtem bw khkwlmcotX\m{Imw
PK{Xbw

apt\, sImffcpXm Fen hoWbpsS In apdnp

IfbpXpt]mse XrjvW Fs t{ijv T KpWsf

Cs\bpff tZlamIp Krlw F\nv \mbn

tXmpn. Cu tZlw AIpw ]pdpw amwk

652

I cabamWv. Cu \mihmb tZln kucysa

hnsS? an NeXbpw Kh\Kcnbn N]eXbpw
Csn am{Xw Cu icocns ncXbn hnizm
kanpI. icocnse aqhIfpw `b{]ZamWv.
Ipnmen henbhcn \npw amXm]nXmmcn
\npw `bw; bu\n Xs Dffn Xsbpff
ImaamIp ]nimNn \nv `bw; hmIyn
Zp_e\mbn hndbvp kv{XoIfpsSbpw _p,
an{X, ]p{Xm, ]p{XnI, them kIecpsSbpw
]cnlmkn\v ]m{XamIpp. IgnhptISp hcptm
B{Kl IqSpp. hmIyw k IecpsSbpw
B]pIpw ImcWamWv. a\pjy tXSp kpJw
FhnsSbmWv? Ime PohnIsf ]pns\mw Acnbpp.
Imen\v atl{ ]Xs IpSpm\pw ISpIv
almtacphmm\pw Icp pv . AXp kIeXpw
XIpp. As\bpff Imew aqptemInepw
hym]nncnpp.

39. amwk ]mmen ImbmkvXpa{temew

K]Rv Ptc
kv\mbzn{Kn imekym; kv{Xnbx
Inan]tim`\m
40. XzMv amwkc _mjv]mw_p]rYIv IrXzm
hntemNt\
kamtemIb cayw tNXv Inw ap[m]cn
aplykn
41. tacpirwKw XtSmmkn KwKm Pectbm]am
Zrjv Smbkvan apt\ bpmlmctkym
maimenXm
42. ivaimt\jp ZnKtjvTk Gh ee\mkvX\x
iz`ncmkzmPytX ImteeLp]nWvUan
hmkx
43. tIi km hn[mcntWym Zpkv]item
N\{]nbm
Zpjv IrXm ninJm \mtcymZln XrW
hcw
44. PzeXmaXn Zptc ]mkckm A]n \ockm
kv{Xotbm ln\cImo\mhn\w
tZmjImcIw.
45. Ima\mav\m IncmtX\hnIomxapKv[tN
Xkx\mtIym \chnlwKm\mawK_\
hmKpcmx
46. P ]ev]eam\mw Nn Ia NmcnWmw
]pwkmw Zphmk\m cq\mco
_ni]nWv UoIm

47. kthjmw tZmjcXv\m\mkpa

apZvKnIb\mbm
ZpxJ iywJebm\nXyaeakvXp aa kv{Xnbm
48. bky kv{Xn Xky t`mtKm\nkv{XoI
kyIzt`mK`pw
kv{ Xobw XyhXm \nXywPKXv Xyzm
kpJo`htX
tZlw b{wt]mse NeamWv. Anamwk
]nWvUamb kv{Xo icocn Fp kucyamWncn
pXv? Imcyambn HpanmXn tamlnpXn
sev Aw? kv {Xo, kptacp inJcn \nsmgp
Ip \Znt]mse NeamWv. ]ecpw tamlnp kv{Xo
icocw iv a im\n ]nI ISnp henpp.
tIi`wKnbpw ARvP\sagpXnb IpIfpsS `wKnbpw
{]nbwIcambn tXmmw, ]t Ahkm\w AsXmw
hn[mhns ZpaqXnsbp ]dbmw. Ah \cImnbnse
C\Xpeysav ]dbmw. AhcpsS kckXbpw
\ockXbmbn ]cnWanpp. Ima\mb thImc
am\mIp ]pcpjs\ sInbnSm Xo IbdmWvkv{Xo,
a\mIp Nfnbn IpSpnb ]pcpj\mIp
ays ]nSnm ]nb hebmWv kv{Xo. Cu kap{Zw
kIetZmjfpamIp cXv \ \nnpp.
kv{XoI ASppffh AhcpsS hnemktNjvSIfn
IpSppp. kv {XoI ASpnmhv t`mKemekn Inpn.

kv{Xosb XyPnm Ignh\v temsI XyPnm

Ignbpw kmwkvImcnI kpJw XyPnh\mWv kpJnam.
AXn\m ZpxJns B Ne s]mnsdntb
Xpv.

49. Zntim]n Xln ZriyttZtim ]y tkym

] tZiIrX
ssiem A]n hnfocytiocyt
XmcIm Ahn
50. ipjyn N kap{Zmep]yt {[ph XmcImx
knm A]nhn\iynPocyt Zm\hmZbx
51. ]ctajvSy]n \njvTmhm lnbtX lcnc]yPx
`thm ]y `mhambmXnPocytX N ZnKoizcmx
52. {_m hnjvWp cp{Zkhmhm
`qb PmXb
\mitahm\p `qbtkenem\oh _mUhw
53. B]Zx WambnWambmn kZx
Ww PmYacWw khw \izctahXXv
54. AiqtcW lXm icmGtX\ ]n iXw lXx
hnjw hnjb sshjayw\ hnjw hnj apNytX

653

I 55.

PmcLv\m hnjbmGIPlcw hnjw

CXn ta tZmj Zmhmn ZKt
kw{]Xn tNXkn
56. kv^pcn ln \ t`mKmZv arK
Xrjv Wm kcxkz]n
AtXm amw t_m[bmipXzw XXzmt\\
sshKptcm
57. t\m tN\w kamb \nmt\m
KX acx
`mhb a\km hnjvWpw en]n
ImntXm]ax

Cu PKv \mihmWv. CXv AZriyamIptm

ZpIfpw ImWsSn. tZi Imen\pffn
Bgpp. ]hX XIcpp. \{X Nnn
nXdpp. kap{Zw hpp;{[ph\{Xhpw ep]v Xam
Ip p. Zm \h mcpw k n mcpw \m iaSbp p.
APmhmb hnjvW phpw Nncmbnbmb {_mhpw
IqSn cp{Z\pw Pew _Uhmn eyamn hnebw
{] m ] n p k I e X p w h n\ m i n\ p t \ v
]mSppp. B Ln kIe `mhfpw B
`mhfmbn ]cnWanpp. B]pI IqSpp;
kIe ssh`hfpw ep]v X ampp. Wn
Phpw Wn arXyphpw hpIqSpp. Cu
PKsmw \inpXmWv . `ocp iqcmsc
\innpw. Hcph Xs At\Iw t]sc sImsmSp
pp. Cs\ kIe Znnepw {]bmkw ]cpp.
hnjbm`nemjamIp hnjw Gsd \miw hnXbvpp.
Fs Nnw tZmjamIp ImpXobm Incnp
Fmepw arKacoNnIbmIp XSmIn \npIbm
sWnepw Rm t`mKm`nfmjn \nv AIsebmWv.
Kptcm, F\nv Av XXzm\w \IpI. Asn
Rm A`nam\acmZnI ssIhnv au\nbmbn `Khms\
kvacnp Ignbs.

NXptmymbw
1.

2.

3.

\nZmL Xh\mkvX\yXvtbw
m\hXmw hc
{]bmXzw hnPm\mkn Cuizcm\p
KrloXbm
Nnamen\y kwPmXwamPbman {`aw apt\
tamZzmtc Zzmc]memXzmcx ]cn
IonXmx
itam hnNmcx ktmjXpm km[p
kwKax
Ghw hm khbXvt\\khaprPy
kw{itbXv

GIkvan hitKbmn NXzmtcm hn

]iwKXmx
4. imkvss{Xx k\ kwk ]qhssI
Xt]mZssax BZu kwkmc apyw
{]PRmtahm`nhtbXv
5. kzm\p`qtX imkv{Xky Kptcm
sssshI, hmIyXm
bkym`ymtk\ tX\mm kXXw Nmh
temIytX
6. kev]mip km\ hP\w tNXv
{]XnWw
Itcmjn XZNnXzw {]m]vX
Ghmkn ]mh\w
7. tNXtkm bZIrXzw XXv kmam[m\
aocnXw
XtZh tIheo`mh km ip`m \nhrXnx]cm
8. tNXkmkw ]cnXyPy kh `mhm
`mh\mw
bYm XnjvTkn XnjvTXzw aqIm
_[ntcm ]ax
9. khw {]imaPtaIa\mZna[y
am `mkzc kzZ\am{Xa ssNX\yNnw
kh{]imanXn i_vZabo N ZrjvSn
t_m[mtah ln apss[h XtZmanXoZw
10. khw InwNnZnZw Zriyw ZriytX
tNZv PKZvKXw
Nnnjv]mw i am{Xw Xm\yZkvXoXn
`mhb
11. \nXy {]_pNnkvXzw Iph hm]n
PKXv {Inbmw
BssIXzw hnZnXzm Xzw XnjvTp_v[
kap{ZhXv.

\nZmLs Cu hmptIv Ahs ]nXmhmb

Ejnhc E`p ]dp:- ""]p{X \o m\nIfn
t{ijvT\mWv. C\n \n\v AdntbXmbnsmpan.
Cuizc Ir]bm kzbw \o AdnsbsXmw Adnp.
Fnepw Nnnepmb aen\XbpsS {`aw Rm
AIncmw iaw Nn, B\w, kwKw Ch\m
epamWv. tamZzmcns Imhm. AXnsemv
himnbm _mnbm _mnbpffsXmw
hiambnsmffpw.
PKXv ]min \nv apvX\mIm\pff B{Kl
apff ]w A[yb\w X]v, Zaw, kwKw Chbm
{]sb hfpI. imkv{Xm`ymkw Kpcp]tZiw

654

I \nccm`ymkw. Chbm BNn\w km[yamIpw.

ZrVkev]apff ]w ssIhey{]m]vXn kpe`amWv.
Nnns AIrXzw XsbmWv Nnhrn
\ntcm[w {]m]nI hkv X pfnse B`mh\
ssIhnSWw. {]m]nI kpJfpsS t\v aqI\pw,
A\pw, _[nc\pamIpI. i_v Z Iamb bpn
NnsImv ^ean. {]WhamWv ]caamb km[Iw .
N n v ] \ ns {] Xn` m k ns k I e X p w
NnamWv kIeXpw NnamW kIen\pw B[mcw.
kmwkvImcnI Ifn Dsmepw {]_pamb
tNX\tbmsS Bmhns GIo`mhn\pXIp
PmRm\w t\SpI. almkmKcns\mw Ap_v[Nn
\mIpI.

12. XXzm t_m[tahmku hmk\m XrW ]mhIx

t{]mwkam[ni_vtZ\,hXpXqjv W oa
hnXnx
13. \ncnt kwntX cXvt\ bYm temIx
{]htX
kmamt{X ]tc XtXz XssYhmbw
PKZv KWx
14. AXm\n IrXzw AIrXzw N
sshapt\ \ncnXzIm kuIm
kn[nam{XXx
15. tX tZz {_mWn hntXIrXm
IrtX apt\
bss{Xh sshj NaXvmckvXam{inXy
ntcm`h
16. Xkva mnXyaImlanXn`mh\tbbm
]camarX\mav\ o km kassXhmh injytX
17. \nZmL {irWpkXztm PmXm
Zphn alm KptWmx
tX \nXytahm`ypZnXm apZnXmx N Cthhx
Bm\w t`mKm`nemjamIp ]pv In
sbcnbnp AnbmWv. AXpXs kam[n. shdpsX
au\ambncpm kam[nbmhn. cXv\w InSpXp
Im Bmbmepw AXn\pt\v Xmev] cyw
D mIpw. A Xpt]mse ]cmXXzn\p t\ pw
hnizsamw BIrjv Sambncnpw. Bmhn IrXzhpw AIrXzhpwapv. Ima\bnm ]w
Bmhv AImhmWv, kn[nbm ImhmIpp.
{_n IrXznsbpw AIrXznsbpw
D]e_v [ nbpv . ""Rm Fpw A I mhmWv ''.
A\s `mh\bnmbm ]camarXsa Ah
bpmIpp. kXzKpWtmSp tNh\mWv. KpW
hm. Ah BImi\mb N{s\tmWw ljn
X\mIpp. DXnioe\mbn `hnpp.

18. \m]Zn m\nambn \nintlaw _pPw bYm

t\lt {]IrXmZ\y{`at injvSh\n
19. BIrssXyh hncmPt ssa{XymZn
KpW hrn`nx
kamx kackmx kuaykXXw
km[p hrbx
20. A_v[ nhXacymZ `hn hniZmibmx
\nbXnw \ hnapnalmtm `mkvIcm Ch
21. tIm lw IYanZw tNXnkwkmc ae amXXw
{]hnNmcyw {]btX\\ {]mt\
klmhtkXv
{ZjvShyx khkwlm\ arXypctl bm
23. icocan amwkw N Xyzm
cmZy tim`\w
`qXapmheoXpw Nnm{XahtemItbXv
24. D]mtZbm\p]X\wtlssbIm hnkP\w
btZX\tkm cq]w XZv_ mlyw
hnn t\XcXv
25. Kpcpimkvt{Xm amtWkzm\p`qXym
NNnZv Lt\
{_ss hmlanXn mXzm hoX
timtIm`thp\nx
b{X \ninXmkn iX]mX\ apev] eXmU\
hXv tkmUhyw An Zmtlm lnatkN\ anh
AwKmcmhn\w N\ Nt\h \nch[n\mcm
N \n Ic ]mXm \nZmL hnt\mZ[mc. KrlioI
c W h j W anh k zi nc t Z x k p J \ n t{Z h
aqIoIcW am\\apss{Zh _m[ncyw alm\pNb
Ch \mh tl \bm `hnhyw Ghw ZrV sshcm
KymXv t_mt[m `hXn.
26. KpcphmIy kap{Z `qXkzm\p`qXymXn ipbm
bkym Zymtk tX\mmkXXw Nmh
temIytX
27. hn\jvSZnKv{`akym]nbYm]qhw
hn`mXn ZnYm
hnm\hn[zkvXw PKmkvXoXn `mhb
28. \ [\m\yp] Iphn \ an{XmWn
\ _mhmx
\ Imbti ssh[pcyw \ Xombcm
\m{ibx
tIhew Xat\mam{Xa\t\mkmZytX ]Zw XXzm[n
jvTnX\mb hyn cm{XnbmIp hn]n kzm
acsbtmse IpWvTnXsSpIbn. X\nv kzm`mhnI
ambn InpXnemsX asmnepw Bi hlnm

655

I h\pw imkv{Xm\rXamb Ncybn s]Sph\pw

ssa{Xn, IcpW, kpjvSn apXemb KpWw tNh
\pamb hynv am{Xta bYm k\ymknbmIm
Ignbq. kap{Zns\mw Kmw`ocytmsS kqcys\tm
se \nbX amn Ncnm Abmp Ignbpp.
{] krjv Snsbnbpw apw NnnWw. \ncI
Imcyfn s]SpItbm ZpjvSkwkw hlnpItbm
AcpXv. acWw kIeXns\bpw hngppsatmpI.
An amwkmI \izc tZln aaX AIpI.
\qen tIm PohPmesf kvacnpI. tlbh
kvX p ssIhnv D]mtZb hkvX p {KlnpI.
a\v, _mlyamWv; BcnIa, ""Alw {_mkvan
F XXztamv timImZnIsf XyPnpI. AZvt_mZ
apmbm \qdpIWn\v hm hoiepw Xmachfbpambn
A\p`hsSpw. Xobnenp Npmepw XWp shffn
hoW{]XoXntb DmIq. Xo\ icocn hogp
Xpw N\te]\hpambn A\p`hsSpw aqtbdnb
_mW hjnse agpffnIv kam\am
bncnpw. Xe shnsbSppXpw im\n{Zv Xpey
ambn A\p`hsSpw. aqI\mIpXv au\tmsSm
amIpw; sNhn tImXmIpXv imn {]ZamIpw.
sshcmKym am{Xta As\sbmcp Ah ssIh
cpIbpffq. kZv Kpcphns D]tZiw ]npScpI;
am\knIamb ]hn{XX t\SpI. As\bmIptm
B kmmXv mcw e`npw. ZnKv{`aapmbmepw
icnbmb Znimm\w e`npw. [\nt\m an{X
tm _ptm ]p{X]cnhmcmZnItm a\pjy\v
bYm D]Imcw sNm\mhn. imcocnI tiw Dmbnsv shtm Xo kv\m\mZnIfn apgpInsbXpsImtm a\pjy\v bYm em`w Dmhn. Nnm{X
e_v[ntb Ah\v imizXamb kpJw \IpIbpffq.

29. bm\n ZpxJm\n bm XrjvWm Zpxklm

tb Zpcm[bx
imtNXx kpXXvkhw Xtamtjp
Ch\iyXn
30. amXcoh ]cw bmn hnjamWn arZq\nN
hnizmk anl `qXm\n khmWn iaimen\n
31. \ ckmb\]mt\\ \ evaymenwK\n
tX\ N
\ XYm kpJam]vt\mXn ita\m
bYm P\x
32. {ipXzm kv] rjvSzm N `qzm N ZrjvSzm
mXzmip`m ip`w
\ lrjyXn mbXn bx k im
CXn IYytX
33. XpjmcIc_nw_mw at\m bky \ncmIpew
actWmhbptjvT k im CXn IYytX

34. X]kznjp _lptjp

bmPtIjp \rt]jp N
_ehp KpWmtVyjp iahmt\h cmPtX
35. ktmjmarX]mt\\ tb imm kvXr]vXn
amKmXmx
Bmcmam alm\kvtX alm ]Z amKXmx
36. A{]m]vXw ln ]cnXyPy kw{]m]vtX
kaXmw KXx
AZrjvS tJZ tJtZm [o bx kpjvS
CXn IYytX
37. \m`n\Xy kw{]m]vXw{]m]vXw kvtX\
`pvtX btY]vknXw
bx k kuaykamNmcx kpjvS
CXn XYytX
38. catX [ocyYm {]m]vtX km[zo hmfx
]pcmPntc
km Pohptm tZXn kzcq]m\ Zmb\ow
39. bYmWw bYmim{Xw bYmtZiw
bYm kpJw
bYm kw`hwKanaw tam]ZmIw
XmhZznNmctbXv {]mtm bmhZzn{imn
am\n
40. Xpcyhn{imnbpky\nhrky
`hmhmXv
PohtXmfPohXssh Krlkym
YhmbtX
41. \mIrtX\ IrtX\mtm \ {ipXn
kvarXn hn{`ssax
\nc Chmwt`m[n k XnjvTXn
bYm nXx
temIn GtXsXmw ZpxJfpw tifpw
ZpnIfpaptm Ahsbmw imNn\v kqcyInc
Wfn AImcsatmse \jvSamIpp. _me
Abn hnizmkanpXpt]mse ia {]IrXn
kIeXpw ]cammhn Anpp. imn e`nm
DmIp B\w Gsd ]Ww InnbXpsImtm
AarX]m\w Xs km[yambXpsImtm Dmhn.
ip`w tIv ktmjm[nIytam ZpxJhm tIv
hnjmZteitam DmImh\mWv im. N{s\mw
ioXfamb a\pffh\pw Dhtam bptam acWtam
Fmbmepw ]m] hnjmZmZnI tNcmh\pamWv
im. bmNImtcm X]kznItfm cmPmmtcm
h\hmknItfm BcpamIs iaamWv Ahsmw
tbmKyX \IpXv. ktmjmarXw ]m\w sNbvXv
imcmIphcmWv Bmcmacmb almm.

656

I AhmWv ]ca]Zw InpXv. InnbXn Xr]vXn

sSpI, InmXn \ncmitXmmXncnpI Fnepw
kwXr]vXn hlnpI Cs\bpffh\mWv bYm
n kpjvS . ]hn{XX Xs KrlmWn
Ignp IqSn X\npffXn B\w ImWphcmWv
Poh\apm, B kwXr]vXn e`npXp hsc
Ime tZimhIf\pkcnp; im{Xm\pIqeI
sNbvX pw tamWamsn Nnnpw Ignp
IqSWw. Xpcobmhbnse hn{iaw e`nhcpw kwkmc
kap{Zn \npw \nhrcpambh Krlt\m
k\ymkntbm BIs. kmwkv mcnI _\fn
s]p Ign mep w A m \nebnemsW nepw
{ipXnkvarXnIfpsS IpSppIfn s]tSXn. Ap
_v[amb kap{Zw t]mse \nesImv BnX\mbn
Ah\v kIeXpw {]m]nm km[npw.

42. khmthZ\w ipw btZmtZXn XhmIw

`mXn {]krXn Znmem_mlyw
Nn{Zq] tZlIw
43. Ghamm bYm b{X kapmkap]mKXx
XnjvT Xymip XYm X{X X{Zq] hncmPtX
44. bZnZw ZriytX khw PKXvmhc PwKaw
XXv kpjp]vX mhnh kz]v\x
Iev]mt {]hn\iyXn
45. EXamm ]cm {_ kXyanXymZnIm_pss[x
Iev] nXm hyhlmcmw bky kwm
alm\x
46. bYm ISI i_vZmx ]rYKv`mthm
\ Im\mXv
\ tlaISImZzK_vZmXm ]cm
47. tX\ban{Pme {inPKXo {]hnX\ytX
{`jvSp Zriyky km_
CXy`n [obtX
48. {ZjvSm ZriyhimZv_vt[m Zzt\zm Zriym`mth
hnapNytX
PKXzalanXymZnkmm ZriyapNytX
49. a\sskth{Pme {ioPKXo {]hnX\ytX
bmhtZXXv kw`hXn Xmhtmtm
\ hnZytX
50. {_Wm X\ytX hnizw a\sskh
kzbw `qhm
at\mabatXm hnizw bma]cnZriytX
51. \ _mtly \m]n lrZtb k{Zq]w
hnZytX a\x
bZw {]Xn`m\w XXv a\ CXym`n[obtX

52. kev]\w at\m hnn, kev]

kvX{X hnZytX
b{X kev]\w X{X at\mfkvX oXy
hKayXmw
53. kev]a\ko`ntm \ IZmN\ tI\ NnXv
kev]PmtX KentX kzcq]ahinjytX
54. Alw Xzw PKZnXym Zu {]imt
Zriy kw{`ta
kymmZriyio tIheXm Zriykm
ap]mKtX
55. alm{]fb ku lykmw
kap]mKtX
Atij ZrtiykmZu imtahm
hinjytX
56. AkvX\kvXantXm `mkzm\tPm
tZthm \ncmabx
khZm khIrXv khw
]camtXyp ZmlrXx
57. btXm hmtNm\nht tbm
apsschKaytX
bky NmmZnIx kwmx Iev]nXm
\ kz`mhXx

A\ysc Xsftmse ImWp khmIamb

NnmKXnbpmIptm ZnmemXnKamb Nn{Zq ]mI
`mh\ DZbw sImffpp. Cs\ Bmhv GXp
hn[n DkmIpp, AtX cq]n Xs
{]Xn`mkoXambn `hnpp. kpjp]vXnbn hneo\mh {]m]n kz]v\sa t]mse Cu kqamb
mhc PwKa PKv {]fb Imev \jvSamIpp.
m\nI Cu Bmhns\ ]c{_ kXykzcq]ambpw bkzcq]ambpw IcpXpp. hf Fp
]dbptm AXv kzamsW [mcWbpmIpXp
t]mse PKv ]c{_w Xs. ]c{_ns
BImct`Zw am{XamWv PKv ]cammhv Xs
ambbmbn ]cnh\w sNbv Xp Fp am{Xw {`jvS mhv
Zriyn A`qXamIptm _\amIpp.
Zriym hio`qXambn {`jv S mhv _\n
s]Spp. Zriyw CmXncpm tamambn temIn
""FsXv'' ""\nsXv'' Fc `mhamWv. amb a\ns\
\nbWnempp. am\knIamb Cu Iev] \
hnpt]mImsX apnbpsS amw ImWsSpIbn.
kzbw `qhmb {_mhv Cu hnizs am\knI
Iev] \sImv \nnp. CsXmw at\mabsav
a\nempI. hnjbsf kw_n _\wa\v
\nnpp. Npcpn a\ns\ kev] sav
]dbmw. kev]sbpw a\ns\bpw thXncnm

657

I Bpw Ignnn. Fm kev]fpw \inm

B kzcq]w shfnhmIp ""Rm'' \o Fpff
t`Z_pnbpw kzmNnbpw ssIhnSptmtg
ssIheyw A\p`qXamhpIbpffq. alm{]fbImepw
k hn\jv SamIpw Atm imamb Bmhp
am{Xta AhtijnpIbpffq. BmhmIp kqcy
AkvXanpn. Bmhns\ Adnbptm a\pjy
ap\mIpp. Bmhnsbpw cq]n cq] clnX
{_w Xs ]cammshv ]dbsSpp.

58. NnImiw NnZmImiamImiw N XrXobIw

Zzm`ymw iq\yXcw hnn NnZmImiw almapt\
59. tZimZvtZimc {]m]vtX\
kwhntZmaytahtbXv
\ntatjW NnZmImiw XZznn ap\n]pwKh
60. Xkva n \nckvX\nx tij kev] nXn
tajn tNXv
khmI]Zw imw XZm
{]m]vt\mjy kwibx
61. DZnXuZmcykucysshcmKyck K`nWo
B\kyn\ossbjm kam[nc`n [obtX
62. Zriymkw`h t_mt[\ cmKtZzjmZn Xm\th
cXn_temZnXm bmku kam[nc`n[obtX
63. Zriymkw`h t_mt[mln m\w tbw
NnZmIw
XtZh tIheo `mhw XtXmf\yIew arjm
64. a sFcmhtXm _x kj]n
tImW tImStc
aitI\IrXw bnw knwlu
ssLcWp tImStc
65. ]Zvamt m]ntXm tacq \nKotWm
`rwKkq\p\m
\nZmLw hnn XmZrzw PKtZXXv {`amIw
66. Notah ln kwkmtcm
cmKmZnti ZqjnXw
XtZth ssXhn\napw N `hn
CXn IYytX
67. a\km `mhyamt\m ln tZlXmw
bmXn tZl Ix
tZlhmk\bm aptm tZl[s
\ en]ytX
68. Iev]w WoItcmXyxWw
\bXn Iev] Xmw
at\mhnemkxkwkmc CXn ta \nnXm aXnx

BImiw aqmWv. NnmtImiw, NnZmtImiw, `uXn

ImImiw, NnZmImiw CXns\msfmw kqvaXcamWv.
Hcp tZin \nv asmcp tZintep t]mIptm
a[yn Nnnse hyh[m\ns \ntajs
NnZmImisav ]dbpp. B NnZmImin Fm
kev] fpw kmlo\amn \nesImffptm
khmI ]Zw e`npp. NnZmImin \nsemffp
tm DZmcXbpw sshcmKyhpw tN khm\a
bamb Ah e`npw. AXn\v kam[nsbv ]dbpp.
B Ln Zriy ]ZmfpsS iq\yX t_m[s
Spp. cmKtZzjmZnI \inpp. AtXmsS kam[n
]qamIpp GIm{KX ]qambpw B Ln
kwPmXamIpp. BssIheyhpw AtXmsS km[np
p. B Ahbn \nv `nambsXmw Xs anYy
bmWv. sNdnb amfn shv knwltfmSv sImXpIp
I sNp bpw t]msebpw aZn sFcmhXs
ISpIns Iqmcnepff Zzmcn _npXpt]m
sebpw Xmacbv pffn m]n almtacphns\
sNdnb hv hngppXpt]mse shdpw {`aamWv. Cu
{]]ns \ne\nev] pw cmKtZzjmZntZmj
Xnnb NnamWv kwkmcw B tZmjfn\nv
apambm am{Xta tamw knnpIbpffq. a\n\v
imcocnI `mh\bpmIptm Bmhv tZlmIambnocpp. tZlamIp hmk\ \inm ]ns tZl[
sfmpw \apv ieyw sNpIbn. a\v Xs
bmWv bpKs Wam{Xhpw Wam{Xsb bpKhpam
nopXv . AXn\m Cu hnizw a\ns
kev]w am{XamsWv Rm hnNmcnpp.

69. \mhnctXm ZpcnXmxm imtm

\m kamlnXx
\mim a\tkmhm]n {]m
t\ss\\ am]v\ pbmXv
70. XZv {_m\ aZzw \nKpWw kXy
NnXv L\w
hnZnXzm kzmt\m cq]w \ _nt`Xn IZmN\
71. ]cmXv]cw bltXm almw kzcq]tX
tPmabimizXw inhw
Ihnw ]pcmWw ]pcpjmk\mX\w
kthizcw khtZsshcp]mkyw
72. Alw {_tXn \nbXw tamtlXp
alm\mw
tZz ]tZ _tammb \ntXn ataXn N
ataXn _ytX Cp \ntXn hnapNytX
73. PothizcmZn cqt]W tNX\m tNX\mIw
CuWmZn {]thimm
krjvSncoti\ Iev]nXm
Pm{KZmhntamm kwkmtcm Poh Iev]nXx

658

ZphrnIfn \nv ]nXncnbmh\pw im

a\nmh\pw {imlo\\pw ]mWvUnXyw sImv
tamw {]m]nm km[ya. \nKpWhpw NnXv
kzcq]hpw ZzzmXoXhpw B\abhpamb B {_s
Bkzcq]w Xs Fv IcpXph\v Hcnepw
`bstSXn."" Fpw tZhmpw D]mky\pw
t{ijvTcnepw t{ijvT\pw almmcn alm\pw imiz
X\pw IeymWcq]nbpw ]catXtPmab\pw kh\pw
k\mX\\pw ]pcmW ]pcpj\pamb {_w XsbmWv
Rm.'' F `mh\bmWv tam{]m]vXnv ImcWw. aaX
_\w \nnpp. aaXm XymKw Xs tamw.
Ch cpw PohnIfpsS _tamn\v ImcWamWv.
PothizcmZn `mhn PUw tNX\mI krjvSn\Sn
bnpffXv Cuizc XsbmWv Pm{Kp apX tam
e_vZnhsc kIe{]]hpw Pohmmhn\m Iev]nX
amIpp.

74. {XnWmNnImZn tbmKmm Cuizc

{`mnam{inXm
temImbXmZn kwJymm Pohhn{`m
nam{inXmx
75. Xkv ampapp`nss\haXn
Pothi hmZtbm
Imcym Inp {_XXzw \nte\
hnNmcyXmw
76. AhntitjW khw Xp bx
]iyn NnZ\zbmXv
k Gh kmm Zznm\o k inhx k
lcn hn[nx
77. Zpet`m hnjb XymtKm Zpe`w XXz Zi\w
Zpe`m klPmhm kZvKptcmx
IcpWmw hn\m
78. Dev] in t_m[ky Xy
\nxtj IWx
tbmKn\x klPmhm kzbtathm
] PmbtX
79. bZmtlysshj GXkvanev] a]ycw \cx
hnPm\Xn XZm Xky `bwkymm{X kwibx
80. khKw knZm\w m\Np
\ncotX
Am\Npt\tX `mkzw
`m\pahXv
81. {]PvRm\tah XXv {_ kXy
{]m\ eWw
Ghw {_]cnm\m tZhatymartXm
`thXv

82. `nZytX lrZb{KnnZyt khkwibmx

obt Nmky ImWn Xkvan
ZrjvtS]cmhtc

{XnWmNntIXmn apX (ItTm]\njXv {]Xn]m

ZnXw) tbmK]cyapff m\n (tizXmtizXtcm
]\njXv {]Xn]mZnXw) B]mcw Cuizcob {`mnbmWv
NmhmI aXw apX kmwJyknm]cyapff Zmi
\nIXzn\v B[mchpw Pohmmhns\nbpff
{`mnbmWv . AXn\m ap n B{Kln ph
Pohs\nbpw Cuizcs\nbpapff hmZhnjbfn
kz _pnsb hym]cnncpXv. {_XXzw Xs a\\w
sNpI Cu ImWp kakvX {]]hpw Nn{Zq]sav
m\n IcpXpp. {_mhv hnjvWp, inh Hsbpw
AXp Xs. hnjb ]cnXymKw t]mse Xs XXz
m\ {]m]vXnbpw {]bmkamIpp. kZvK pcphns
ImcpWyw IqSmsX ssIheyw e`nm sRcpamWv.
t_m[w {]Zm\w sNp in DWn khI
fpw ]cnXyPnp tbmKn kzbw klPmh {]m]n
pp. CXn `nX tijnpXphsc Ah\v
ZbhmWv. knZm\ kzcq]w ZinWsam{Klap
sn m\Npp sImv AXns\ ImWm
I gnbp w. A \v k q cy s\ Im Wm k m[ n m
Xpt]mse m\ Npnmh\v ]c{_
Zi\w kmya. {_w {]mX cq]amWv. kXy
ns eWhpw {]m\w Xs. acWapff
a\pjy\v {_m\w sImp {ItaW AacXzw
t\Sm\mhq. {_ kmmXv mcw e`nmepS Xs
khkwibfpw AIepp. kIe Ifpw
bnpp. lrZbnse Fm {KnIfpw XIcpp.

83. A\mXmw ]cnXyPy \nhnImtcm

PKXv nXu
GI\njvTXbmx x kwhnm{X] XXv
84. acp`qau Pew khw Nnm{Xw kz hnNmcX
85. eyeyaXnw Xyzm bkvXnjvtTXv
tIhem\m
inh Gh kzbw kmmZbw {_ hnZpax
86. A[njvTm\a\u]ayahmMv a\k tKmNcw
\nXyw hn`pw khKXw kpkqvaw
N X Zhybw
87. khit atlikyhnemtkm ln
at\m PKXv
kwbamkwbam`ymw N kwkmcx
imn a\zKmXv
kmwkvmcnI nXnbn \nhnImc `mhtmsS
A\m`mhw ssIhnv B ssNX\yn Xs
apgpIpI. {`am acp`qanbn ImWsSp Pew

659

I tIhew qeambn ImWpXpt]mse Pm{KXv kz]v\

kpjp]vXymhI tN Cu kIe hnizmkhpw
B hnNn\m Nnbw Xssbv [cnWw.
e y m e y _ p n s sI h n v t I h e w B
\njvT\mbh\mWv t{ijvT m\nbpw inh kzcq]\pw.
kwbaw sImpw AkwbawsImpw kmwkvmcnI
{]mWmw imamIpw. ImcWw, hnizw kh i\pw
alm\pamb {_ns at\mhnemkw Xs. B
{_w A\p]ahpw hmnt\m a\nt\m AtKmNchpw
\nXyhpw hn`qhpw khhym]nbpw kqvamXnkqvahpw
Ahyb kzcqhpamWv.

88. at\mhymt[nInmap]mbw
IY bmantX
bZykzm`naXw hkvXp XXv XyP
tamaiv\ ptX
89. kzmbtImlnXw tkz]vk nX
XymK thZ\w
bky ZpjvIcXmw bmXw [nw
]pcpj IoSIw
90. kz ]ucpssjIkmt[y\ tkz]vknX
XymKcq]nWm
a\x{]iva amt{XW hn\m\mkvXn ip`mKXn.
91. Akevt]\ ikvt{XW Onw
NnanZw bZm
khw khKXw imw {_
kw]ZytX XZm
92. `h `mh\bm aptm apx ]cabm[nbm
[mcbmm\ahyt{Km {KkvXNnw NnXx]Zw
at\mhym[n amm\pff amw Rm ]dpXcmw.
GtXXp e`nWsa B{KlnemtWm a\v
NeamIpXv B hkvXp ]cnXyPnpIbmWv
tam {]m]vXnv Ffpamb amw kzmbh kvXp
AXyw lnXIcampIbpw Ah XyPnm\m
hmsX hcpIbpw sNp hyn IranXpey\pw \nnX
\pamWv . Xs A`ojvS hkv X p kz{]bXv\ m
XyPnmepmIp a\x imn sImt ]ca KXn
DmIq. kev] cmlnXyamIp imkv{Xw Nns
t O Z n p t m k h cq] \ pw A cy m anI am b
]cammhns\ {]m]nmw. AXn\m {]] hmk\
shSnv t{ijvT _pn tNcpI. a\ns\ \nb{nv
Nnm{X Nn\mIpI.

93. ]cw ]ucjam{inXy \oXzm NnaNnmw

[ym\tXm lrZbmImti NnXnNn{I[mcbm
94. at\m amcb \nxw Xzmw
{]_[v\n \mcmbx

95. Abw tkm l anZw X GXmh

am{XIw a\x
XZ`mh\ amt{XW Zmt{XtWh hneobtX
96. Onm{`aWvUew thymav\n bYm
icZn [qbtX
hmtX\ Iev]tIss\h XYm
]qbtX a\x
97. Iev] m]h\m hmp bmp
ssNIXz ahmx
X]p ZzmZimZnXym \mkvan
\n\ kXnx
98. Akev]\amss{XI kmt[y
kIe knntZ
Akev]mZn km{amtPy
XnjvTmhjvS_v[ XXv ]Zx
99. \ln NeXmlo\w a\x IzN\ ZriytX
NeXzw at\m[tm ht [tm
btYmjv WXm
100. Gjm ln Nem kv]iniv
NnXz kwnXm
Xmw hnn am\kow iow PKZmUw
_cmnImw
101. bp NeXmln\mw Xt\m arXaapNytX
XtZh N X]x imkv{Xknmttam
DNytX
102. Xky NeXmssbjm Xz hnZym
hmk\mnIw
hmk\m]c\mav\ow Xmw hnNmtcW hn\mib.
Nns ]caamb ]ucpjam{ibnv iq\yXbn
epdnv lrZbmImin [ym\npI. m\ N{I
ns XovW [mcbn a\ns\ \nb{npI.
Atm ImamZnI \ns \nb{nm Ai\mIpw.
\ntsXpw FtsXpapff `mh\bmWv a\ns
{]IrXn. Cu `mh\ XyPnm a\v kzbw \inpw.
icocn Nn`nfmIp taL iIe
hmbphns XmU\m BImin hnebw {]m]npXpt]mse a\v iq\yXbn hnebnpp.
at\mclnX\mb hynv bmsXmcp lm\nbpan.
kap{Z Hnncs, {]fbImehmXw ASns,
ZzmZimZnXym Hcpanv I nsbcnbs. a\v
ASnbXn\v Hcp XIcmdpan. Fm knnIfpsSbpw
DdhnSw kev] iq\yXbmWv. AXn\m kev]
lo\\mhpI. AnbpsS [w NeXbmWv. Ne
lrZbw ZrjvSnv tKmNcamIpp. Neamb kv]
\ i nb m W v N n ns [ w. C u i n

660

I {]ns AUw_camWv. NeXmclnXa\mWv

AarXw. AXp Xs X]v. imkv{Xw AXns\ tam
sav ]ddbpp. a\v NmeyamWv. AhnZy hmk\
AXns eWamIpp. Cu hmk\ i{XphmWv.
hmk\ \innphm\pff {iaamWv hnNmc ioemcpsS
Ihyn {][m\w.

103. ]ucptjW ]mbXvt\\ bkv\ nth

]tZa\x
tbmPytX XXv]Zw {]m]y \nhn
Ievt]m `hm\L
104. AXx]ucpjam{inXy Nn am{Iay tNXkm
hntimIw ]Zamew_y \ncmXxntcm `h
105. a\ Gh kaw ln a\tkm ZrV \n{Ktl
AcmPIx kax kym{Zmtm\n{Kl
IWn
106. XrjvW m{KmlKrloXm\mwkwkmcm
h]mXo\mw
Bhscqlyam\m\mw. Zqcw kza\
Gh \u
107. a\sskh a\ivOnXzm ]miw ]ca _\w
`hmZpcbmm\w \mkm ht\y\ XmcytX
A\L, GsXmcp m\v a\v ebnnWtam
B m\nsem ]ucpjmepw {]bXv\mepw
\nhnIev] kam[n {]m]npI, hnjbclnXamb
a\mWv at\m\n{Kln\v kaw. Hcp cmPmhnt\
asmcp cmPmhns\ Iogvs Spm Ignbq. Xrjv W
bmIp apXebpsS hmbn s]v kwkmc kmKcn\
sc ISm Aka\pw Npgenbn s]v kwkmc
kmKcn\sc ISm Aka\pw Npgenbn
s]v sRcpph\pw c \Im hnjbhnImc
iq\yamb a\pam{XamWv kaw. AXn\pam{Xta
A hs\ A scsb nphm Ignbq. C s\
Ignthdnb a\p aptJ\ tLmc_amb am\knI
]mis apdnWw. ]ns Cu kwkmc kmKcn
\nv IcIbdpI. ImcWw, thsdmn\pw \ns Cu
`h\micn \nv IcIbm\mhn.

108. bm tbmtZXn at\m\mav\n hmk\m

hmkoXmcm
Xmw Xmw ]cnltcXv {]mkvtXm
hnZymtbm`thXv
109. t`mssKIhmk\mw Xyzm XyP Xzw
t`Z `mh\mw
`mhm`mh\ XXkvXyzm\n
hnIev]x kpJo`h

110. Gj Gh at\m\mikvXzhnZym\mi Gh N
bXv kwthZytX Inn{Xmm]cn
\w
A\ssh ln \nhmWw ZpxJamm
]cn{Klx
111. AhnZymhnZyamss\h\jvS {]tmjp
ZriytX
\mavss\hmwKoIrXmImcmkayIv
{]kykmIqXx
112. XmhXv kwkmc `rKpjp kzm\m
kltZln\mw

BtmfbXn \oc{w ZpxJII imenjp

113. AhnZymbmhZkymkvXp t\mXv
]mbImcnWo
kzbammh temtIm taml
kwb ImcnWo
114. Akymx ]cw {]]iymymx kzm \mix
{]PmbtX
Zrjv tS khKtX tamt[ kzbw
tlyjm hneobtX
115. Cmam{XahntZybw Xmtcm tam DNytX
k Nmkev] amt{XW kntm
`hXn sshapt\
AxIcWs adp a\mIp hmk\
D mIptmsgmw Ah XyPn pI _pnams
IhyamWv. As\ sNbvX m AhnZybmIp
AImcakvXanpw. BZyw t`mKhmk\ ssIshSn
bpI. ]ns hmk\Isfbpw. `mhm`mhsfbpw XyPnv
hnIev] clnX\mbn kpJnam\mbn XocpI. at\m\miw
Xs AhnZym\miw a\km A\p`qX hnjbfn
B shSnbpI. Bm ]cnXbmKamWv apn.
Bsb B{ibnpI ZpxJIcamWv. m\nbn
AhnZymkv]ian. AhnZy Ahcn \nIepp.
{]mlo\cnte AXpffq. {]]amIpp. {`aPmew
ZpxJIIfm \ndXmWv. AXv \innmsX
tamN\an. B kmmXvImtc _ehmIpXp
hsc AhnZy icocs {`anemgv pw. ]cXXzw
Idnbptm Cu AhnZyambpw khm t_m[\w
e`nm AhnZy kzbw ambpp. AhnZym kzcq]amb
B{Klw \inpI FXmWv tamw. kev ]\miw
kw`hnmte C \inpIbpffq. asmcp hn[nepw
Cm\miw kw`hnpn.

116. a\mK]n at\mthymav \n hmk\m cP\o tb

IenIm X\pXmtaXn NnZmZnXy{]Imi\mXv

661

I 117.
118.

119.
120.
121.

122.

ssNXym\p]mXclnXw kmamt\y\
N khKw
bnz a\mtJybw k Bm ctaizcx
kw N JeznZw {_\nXy
NnXv L\ aXw
Iev] \m \ym at\m\mav\o hnZytX
\ln ImN\
\ PmbtX \{anbtX InnZ{X PK{Xtb
\N `mhhnImcmWmw km IzmN\ hnZytX
tIhew tIhem`mkwkh kmam\yaXw
ssNXm\p]mXclnXw Nnm{Xanl hnZytX
XkvanntXyXtX ipt
Nnmt{X \ncp]{Zth
imt iakt`mtK\nhnImtcNnZm\n
ssbjm kz`mhm`naXw kzbw
kev]y [mhXn
NnssXyw kzbam\w a\\m DNytX
AXx kev] kntbw kevt ]ss\
h\iyXn

NnamIp BImin hmk\bmIp cm{Xn

IjbnpIbpw tNX\bmIp kqcy {]IminpIbpw
sNbvXmte IenbmIp AImcw ianpIbpffq.
Nnw hnjbkwKw shSnv khKmanbmbn Xocp
tm AXns Ah hyamm sRcpw.
AXpXsbmWv Ahybhpw \nXyhpw Nn{Zq]hpamb
{_w. {_abamb a\n asmcp kev] hpw
DmbncnpIbn. Cu temIn Bcpw P\np
n. Bcpw acnppan. CsXmw anYybmWv .
khhym]nbmbn, tIheambn Ahybambn B`mknp
Xpw Nn hnImcsf A \pKan m Xpamb
Nnm{Xmmhn\p am{Xta ChnsS AkvXnXzapffq. Cu
NnZmmhv \nXyhpw hym]Ihpw D]{Zh clnXhpw im
hpambn \nhnImc`mhn iacq]n \nesImffp
p. AXn kz`mhm\pkmtcW kev]nXamb Nnw
a\\w sNpXpsImv a\v F t] Inn.

123. \mlw {_tXn kev]mXv kpZrVmXv

_[ytXa\x
khw {_tXn kev]mXv
kpZrVm pNytX a\x
124. Irtim lw ZpxJ_tm lw lkvX
]mZmZn hm\lw
CXn `mhm\pcqt]W hyhlmtcW _[ytX
125. \mlw ZpxJo \ta tZtlm_xtIm
kymXv a\nnXx
CXn `mhm\p cqt]W hyhlmtcW apNytX

126. \mlm amwkw \ Nmo\n tZlmZ\yx

]tcmkva ylw
CXn \nnX hm\x oW
hntZym hnapNytX
127. Iev]ntXbahntZyba\ym `mh\mXv
]cw ]ucpjam{inXy bXv\mXv
]cma bm[nbm
t`mtKmw ZqcXkXyzm \nhnIev]x
kpJo `h

{_ kev]w sImp am{Xta kev] knamb

a\v \inpIbpffq.""Rm {_a'' F ZrVk
ev]m a\v kwkmcn IpSppp.AXn\p
]Icw ""khw {_w''F kev]w a\ns\ apam
pw. icoc NnsImpw {]m]nI Imcyfnse
{isImpamWv PohnI _\n s]SpXv.
icoc Nnmap\pw {]m]nI hnc\pamb Pohn
kZm hnap\mIpp. Xm amwkc \nnXamb
]mhbmsWp IcpXmsX `n `mh\ Iephs
AhnZy bnpp. Ah apn {]m]npp. A\m hkvXpfn B`mhw DmbncnpXp XsbmWv AhnZym kev]w. AXn\p hn]coXambn A`ymk
sshcmKyfm _pn]qw t`mtK ASn \nhn
Iev]\mbn Xocph ]a kpJw {]m]npp.

129. aa]pt{Xm aa [\alw tkm b anZw aa

CXoban{Pmte\ hmkss\h hnhevKXn
130. am `hmtm`h, kvXzwPln
kwkmc `mh\mw
A\m\ym `mth\ Ina ChtcmZnjn
131. Ikv X hmbwPtUmaqtImtZtlm
amwkatbm ipNnx
bZw kpJ ZpxJm`ymahix ]cn`qbtk
132. Atlm\p Nn{Xw bXvk Xyw {_ XZv
hnkva rXw\rWmw
XnjvT XkvXh Imtcyjp am kvXp
cmKm\p cRvP\m
133. Atlm\p Nn{Xw ]Zvtam ss_m
kvX p`nc{Zbx
AhnZyam\m bm hnZym Xbm hnizw
Jneo IrXw
CZw XZz{PXmw bmXw XrWam{Xw PK{Xbw
C{Pmemset]mse \sf Fs aI,
Fs kzv, Rm, Ah,Ch, FtXv, \ntXv
XpSnb NnI \s {`annpp. Am\\m
ImsX kwkmcw {Klnv AXv ssI shSnbpI. A\m
hkvXpfn B `mhw AXv ssI shSnbpI. A\m

662

I hkvXpfn B `mhw Zinv IcbpXv aqVXz

amWv. Cu PU icocw \ns Bcpa. CsXmcp amwk
]nWvUw am{Xw. A]hn{X\pw aqIhpamb CXn\pthn
kpJ ZpxJ N{I N{In s]pgepsXn\v? ]caX
Xzamb {_w hnkvXcnv P\ tZlhebn s]pg
epXv AZv`pXw! apt\, Xm m\nbmbnocpI.
Ihy I\ncX\mbmepw a\ns\ I\ncX\m
bmepw a\ns\ I_ IepjamcpXv. Xmac
\qepIfm ]hXw XfbvsSpXpt]mse Cm
Am\m temIw Xfbvsncnpp. {_
m\w h{Pns\mw inamWv. ]psmSnp
kam\amb {]]w XIm AXn\v Hcp {]bmk
hpan.

Amaymbw
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
7.

E`q: AYm]cw {]hyman irWp XmX

bYm XYw
Am\ `qx k]vX]Zm `qx
k]vX] ssZhln
]ZmcmWykwJym\n {]`hy
\yssYXtbmx
kzcq]mhnXnapnkvXZv {`wtim
lz thZ\w
ip km{X kwhnt kzcq]m
Nen tb
cmKtZzjm Ztbm `mhmkvtXjmw \m
Xz kw`hx
bx kzcq]]cn{`witXym NnXn a\w
GXkvamZ]tcm tamtlm \ `qtXm
\ `hnjyXn
AmZmcw Nnt bmXn at[y
Xp bmnXnx
km [zkvXa\\mImcm kzcq]nXn cpNytX
kwimkhkev] m bx inemhZh
nXnx ]cm
Almwti tX imt t`Z
\njv] NnXm
Almwti tX imt t`Z
\njv] NnXm
APUm bm {]NeXn XXvk zcq]anXocnXm

E`p ]dp:""]p{X asmv ]dbmw. tIq.

m\n\pw Am\n\pw Ggp `qanI hoXapv.
Ahp at[y av AkwJyw `qanIfpw Dv. Bm
hns kzcq]mhbmWv tamw. AXn \nv sXp
XmWv kmwkvImcnI PohnXw. ip {_ kzcq]n

\npw hyXn Nenmhv Am\ P\yfmb

cmKtZzjmZn tZmj DmhpIbn. kzcq] hyXnN
e\w hv hmkbpsS ]pdsI t]mbn Nnn apgpIp
Xn ]cw A[nIamb tamlw DmIm\n. Hcp hnjb
n \nv asmntebvv IpXnp a\ns at[y
nXn sNpXns\bmWv NnmXoXamb Bkzcq]
{]m]vXnsbv ]dbpXv. kev] imambXn\p
tijw DmIp ]mdbvsm\ntSmhbmWv
Bmhns ]caamb kzcq]nXn. Cu kzcq] nXn
tNX\bmbpamWv, t`Z`mhclnXamWv.

8.

9.

10.

11.
12.

13.

14.

_oPPm{KYm Pm{KlmPm{KssYh N
Pm{KXv kz]v\ kvXYm kz]v\ kz]v\ Pm{KXv
kpjp]vX nIw
CXn k]vX hnt[m tamlx
]p\tcj ]ckv]cw
njvt Sm `hXyt\Im{Kyw irWp
eWaky Xp
{]Yaw tNX\w bXv kymZ\mJyw
\new NnXnx
`hnjyn PohmZn\mai_vZm `mP\w
_oP cq]nXw Pm{KXv _oPPm{KXv
kwnXnw irWp
\h {]kvXpXky ]cmZbw NmlanZw aa
CXn bx {]Xybx kz kvXXv Pm{KXv
{]mK `mh\mXv
Abw tkm lanZw X CXn Pm tcmZnXx
]ohcx {]Xybxt{]mtm alm
Pm{KXnXn kv#pSw
BcqVaYhmcqVmw khYm XmIw
bXv Pm{KtXm at\m cmPyw XXv Pm{KXv
kz]v\ DNytX.

tamlw Ggphn[nepv . 1. _oPPm{KZh.

2. Pm{KZh, 3. almPm{KZh, 4. Pm{KXv kz]v\
h, 6. kz]v\ Pm{KZh, 7. kpjp]vX mh, Ch
]ckv]cw tbmPnv hnhn[ cq]amWv. AhbpsS {]tXyI
eWw ]dbmw. _oPPm{KZhsbp ]dbpXv
\maclnXhpw, hnImclo\hp, ssNX\ymIhpw,
Nnw, Poh XpSnb \ma i_vZ mtfmSp
IqSnbXpamb AhbmWv CXv . mXmhns
\ho\mhbt{X. ]noSv Pm{KZh P\n DSs\
Xs Hcp hynv Xsbpffn FtsXpw
\ntsXpapff `mhw DmIpp. CXv AXncn
`mh\Ivapv DmIppv. almPm{KZhbn
"" CXv AXmWv '' ""Rm CXIpp'' ""Cu hkvX p
FtXmWv'' XpSnb ]qhmPnX kwkvImc ^eamb

663

I `mh\I DmIpp. \mematXv Pm{KXv kz]v\mh

AXns cq] cqVm cqVhpw at\mabhpamb krjvSn
bt{X.

15. ZznN{ipnImcq]yarKXrjvW mZn

ZZXx A`ymkw
{]m]y Pm{KXv kz]vt\m \m\
hnt[m `thXv
16. Aev] Imew abm ZrjvS taXtmtZXnb
{X ln
]cmaix {]_pky k kz]v\ CXv IYytX
17. Nncw ki\m`mhmXv A{]^pmw
_rlZzNx
NncImem\p hrn kvXp kz]vt\m
Pm{KZn thmZnXx
18. kz]v\Pm{KZnXn t{]mw Pm{KXy]n
]cnkv^ptcXv
jUhm]cnXymtKm PUm Pohky
bm nXnx
19. `hnjy ZpxJ t_m[mVym kujp]vXnx
tkmNytXKXn
PKkymambmakvX akn eobtX
20. k]vX mhm Camx t{]mmabm
m\ky sshZznP
GssIIm iX kwJym {X \m\mhn`h
cq]nWo
21. Camw kp]vX]Zmw m\
`qanamIbm\L
\m\bm mXbm `qtbm taml]t
\naXn
Hcp N{s m\v cp N{\ps tXm
epw, Nnnbn shffnbpsS {]XoXnbp,acoNnIbn
Pe{]XoXnbpw DmIpXp t]mse A[ymkm
Pm{KXv kz]v\ ]e hn[nepmIpp. Ddn
ImWp ImgvN ]ns ImWmXncnpIbpw DW
tijw B Zriyns kvarXn am{Xw _mn \np
Ibpw sNpIbmsWn AXn\v kz]v\w Fpt].
Gsdt\cw ImWmXn\m sXfnp \nmXpw
DWmepw Hmbn Gsd \op \npXpw
Pm{KZhbnsetmWw ImWmsSpXns\ kz]v\
Pm{KXv Fp]dbpp. Cu Ggp AhIsfbpw XcWw
sNbvXv PUmImhbn ebnv `mhn ZpxJ t_m[
tmsS Poh Ccnp kpjp]vX nbmIp Cu
Ahbn hnizw BcnIamb AImcn
ebnpp. m\ns Ggp kz]v\ mhIsf
nbmWv Rm ]dXv. CXn Hmtcm Ahbpw

hn`nmhIfpsS cq]n [cnpp. m\

kw_nbmb kz]v\mhsbn C\n ]dbmw. AXdn
m a\pjy tam]n ]Xnm\nSbn.

22. hZn _lpt`Z\ hmZnt\mtbmK `qanImx

aa Xym`naXm \q\manam Gh ip`v {]Zmx
23. Aht_m[w hnZpPRm\w XZnZw
km]vX `qanIw
apnkvXp tbanXypm `qanIm
k]vXImXv]cw
24. m\`qanx ipt`mJym {]Yam
kapZm lrXm
hnNmcWm ZznXobm Xp XrXobm X\p am\ko
25. kXzm]nx NXpo kymtXm
kwkn\manIm
]Zm`mh\m jjvTo k]vXao
XpcpKm kvarXm
m\nI ]dbpXv tbmK `qanIv At\Iw
t`Z DsmWv. Ahbn k]vX`qanIsf am{XamWv
Rm Ghpw awKfImcnIfmbn IcpXpXv. k]vX
`qanIfm {]ISamIp Aht_m[w XsbmWv m
\sav ]dbsSpXv. Cu `qanIp tijw Dm
Ip apnbmWv tbw Fv ]dbsSpXv .
Hmas m\`qanbpsS t]cv "ipt`'sbmWv;
cmas "hnNmcW;' aqmatXv "X\pam\kn;'
\mematXv "kzm]n;' AmatXv Akw
kn; BdmatXv ]Z`mh\; GgmatXv XpcyKm
FpamIpp.

26. Bkmax nXn apnbkymw

`qtbm \ timNXn
GXmkmw `qanIm\mw Xzw CZw
\nhN\w irWp
27. nXx Inw aqV Ghmkvan t{]t lw
imkv{Xkss\
sshcmKy ]qh antXn ipt`tXyp
NytX _pss[x
28. imkv{Xk\ksshcmKym
`ymk ]qhIw
kZmNmc{]hrnbm t{]mNytX
km hnNmcWm
29. hnNmcWmipt`m `yman{nbm
tjp cXm
b{X km X\pXmtaXnt{]mNytX X\pam\ko
30. `qanIm{XnXbm`ymkmXvN ntXp
hnctX himXv

664

I
31.

32.

33.
34.

35.

kzm\nntX iptkzm
]ncpZmlrXm
Zim NXpjvSbm`ym kmZkwk
Iem Xp bm
cqVkXzNaXvI mcmt{]mm
kwkn \manIm
`qanIm ]Im`ymkmXv kzmm
cmaXbm ZrVw
B`ycmWmw _mlym\mw ]Zm\ma
`mh\mXv
]c{]bpt\ {]bXvt\\mh t_m[\w
]Zm`mh\mw \ma jjvT o`hXn `qanIm
`qanjSvI Nncm`ymkmXv t`Zkym\p
]ew`\mXv
bXv kz`msshI\njvT Xzw km tbm
XpcyKmKXn
GjmlnPohptjpXpcym
htXn hnZytX
hntZl apn hnjbw XpcymXoX aXx]cw

GXn apgpIptm hopw ZpxJntnhcp

n.B apn ChbpsS Dffn nXnsNpp.
`qanbpsS \nhN\w ]dbmw. sshcmKy[mcWn\p
appXs {]m]nIamb ambmPmetmSv sshapJy
hpw imkv{XmZnIfn B`napJyhpw t{ijvT Ifn
Bknbpw DmIpp. AXns\ m\nI "ipt`'
Fp]dbpp. AtXpSv k\ kwkhpw
imkv{Xm[ymb\m A`ymk sshcmKytfmSpIqSnb
BNcWfp t\sc Xmev] cyhpw DmIpp.
AXmWv hnNmcW. Cu Ah bnseptm
hnjbmkn Npcppp. Cu Ahbvv X\pam
\kn Fp ]dbpp.Cu aqp `qanIfpsSbpw A`ymkw
]qamIptm sshcmKym Nnw ip kXz
kzcq]n \nesImffpp. Cu Ahbvv "kXzm
] n' F p]dbpp. Cu `qanIsfmw icn v
A`yknXn\p tijw kXzn cqUamb a\v
GsXmcp kwklo\amb Iesb {]m]npp.
AXpXsbmWv "Akwkn' Cu Ap `qhnI
IfpsSbpw A`ymkw ]qambm BcmamXzw
{]3]npXn\m _mlym`yc ]ZmfpsS
`mh\ \inptm ]c{]bXv \ ]Zmsf
`mh\ sNpIbmsWn AXn\v ]Zm `mh\sbv
t] ]dbmw. Cu Ap `qanIIfpw A`yknp Ign
m t`Z_pn \inpw; km[I B `mhn
GI\njvT\mIpw. CXmWv "XpcyKm' F Ah. Cu
Ah Pohmt ssIhcpIbpffq. AXn\p
tijw hntZl apn F Xpcobmh ssIhcpp.

36. tb \nZmL alm`mKmx k]vX aow

`qan am{inXm
Bmcmam almm\akvtX
alXv ]ZamKXm
37. Pohpm \ an kpJ ZpxJc
k ntX
{]IrtX\mY ImtcyW InwNnXv Iphn
hm \ hm
38. ]miz _m[nXm kx ]qhmNmc
{IamKXw
BNmcamNmctyh kp]vX_ph ZpnXmx
39. `qanImk]vXIw ssNXXv[oaXm
tah tKmNcw
{]m]ym\Zim taXmw ]ip tmZ
tbm ]n tb
40. ktZlm hm]ytZlm hm tX apmx
\m{X kwibx
]vX n ln {Kn hntZkvXkvan
kXn hnapXmx
tl \nZmL, Ggmas XpcyKmh {]m]nm
alm `mKyhmmt km[nq. Ah Bmcmamcma
mcmWv. kpJ ZpxJm\p`hfn \npw \ntjw
AIv Pohpcmb almmcmWv Cu alXv ]Zw
{]m]nnpffXv. I\ncXscnepw Ah AXn \nv
AIncnpp. kvt\lnXm DWptm a\p
jy Ddn FgptpXpt]mse Ah I
Xev]ccmIpp. AXnta[mhnIt k]vX `qanIIfpw
tKmNcamIq. arKmZnIfpw Cu m\ `qansb {]m]npI
bmsWn icoctmSp IqSntbm IqSmsXtbm ap
cmbn `hnpp. m\saXv lrZb {KnIfpsS
DXv L mS\amWv . m\ e_v [ nbm apnbpsS
e_v[nbpw km[npp.

41. arKXrjvWmw _p_pym`nimn

am{XmI kvXzku
tbXp Xp tamlmhomkvssXx
{]m]vXw ]caw ]Zw
42. tXnXm `qanIm kzmkq
kzmem` ]cmbWmx
a\x{]iat\m]mtbm tbmK CXy`n[obtX
43. k]vX `qanx k hntbx IYn
XmkvX m `qanImx
GXmkmw `qanIm\mw Xp Kayw
{_m`n[w ]Zw
44. Xzzm lmXzm b{X ]cXm
\mkvXn ImN\
\IzNnXv `mhIe\m \ `mhm`mh tKmNcm

665

I 45.

khw imw \ncmew_w thymaw

imizXw inhw
A\maba\m`k a\maI aImcWw
46. \ kmk a[ymw \ khw
kh tah N
at\mh tNm`nc{Kmlyw. ]qmXv ]qw
kpJmXv kpJw
47. AkwtXZ\amimamthZ\ amXXw
km kh ]Zmm\mw \m\ym
kwthZ\m ZrtX

t_m[iq\yXbmIp ISen \nv IcIbdnbh

p am{Xta ]ca ]Zw e`nq. acoNnIbn Pe {`mn
t]mse A\mXXzn B _pnbpmIpp.
CXmWv AhnZy. Cu AhnZym\miamWv apn. Bkm
mXvImcw e`nm\pff {]bXv\n apgpInbncnp
h am{Xta Cu `qanIfn kcnppffq. a\xm
npff ]qamamWv tbmKw. tbmKns k]vX
`qanII hnhcntm. Cu `qanIIfpsS DtZiw
{_]Z{]m]vXnbmWv. {_la]Zn FtXv, \ntXv
A\ytXv F t`Zan. Atm `Khnbpw C.
`mhmI _pn tijnpn. {]m]nI ]Zm
fpsS \ne\nev]v BkwthZ\w am{XamWv. AXn
\nv `nambnsmpan. Cuizc imiz\pw, tZmjc
lnX\pw, \ncmew_\pw, ImcWclnX\pw, A\nhN\o
b\pw, kZkXvhnclnX\pw, a[ym lo\\pw, Akq
\pw, kq\pw at\mhmWnIv AKay\pw,
]q im\pw, kpJkzcq]\pw, BkmmXvImc
cq]n hym]nncnp ]c{_hpamsWv a\n
empI.

48. kw_t{ZjvSr Ziym\mw at[y ZrjvSn

ln bZz]px
{ZjvSr Zi\ ZriymZn hnXw XZnZw ]Zw
49. tZimtiw KtX Nntat[ybt
Xtkm h]px
APmUy kwhn\\w Xtbm `h khZm
50. APm{Kkz]v\\n{Zky bt cq]w k\mX\w
AtNX\w NmPUw N Xtbm `h khZm
51. PUXmwhPbnssXzIm inebm
lrZbw ln XXv
Aa\kvI kzcq]w btbm `h khZm
Nnw Zqtc ]cnXyPy tbm kn tkm
kn ntcm`h
52. ]qhw a\x kapZnXw ]camXzm
t\mXXw PKZnZw khnIev] Pmew

iqt\y\ iq\ya]n hn{]bYmw _tcW

\neXzapkXn NmcpXXcm`n[m\w
53. kev] kwibhimXv KentXXp Nnt
kwkmc tamlanlnIm KfnXm `hn
kz hn`mXn icZoh JamKXmbmw
Nnm{XtaIaPamZya\ax

Zriyw, ZrjvSmhv FnhtbmSv _sncnpXpw

a[y`mKmbn ImWp ZrjvSn kzcq]hpw {ZjvSmhn\pw
Zriyn\pw Zi\n\pw `nambn kmmXvImc
cq]n \nesImffpXpamWv B ]ca]Zw. HcnSp
\npw asmcnStp IpXnp Nnns a[y`m
Kv m\cq]amb XXzn\o hnebnpI.
k\mX\ {_ns kzcq]w Pm{KXv kz]v\kpjp
]vXnIpw BXoXhpw PUtNX\m iq\yhpamWv. \o
AXn eo\\mIpI. PUXzw ]mjmW cq]amWv. AXp
XyPnm a\kvI nXn ssIhcnpI. Nns
Zqsc ]cnXyPnv e`npXmWv kzoImcyw. AXn Ddp
\npI. ]camXXzn \nv BZyw a\pmbn.
a\ns hnIev] cq]amWv Cu {]Xy {]]w.
{_w iq\ytm iq\yamWv. iq\yamb BImi
n \nmWtm at\mlc \oena {]XysSpXv.
AXpt]mse {_n \npw NnhrnIfpmIpp.kev] \miw hcptm NnhrnI
DcpIpp. AXns ^eambn {]]tamlamIp aqS
apw DcpIntmIpp. Atm AXv icXvImeKa
nse \nemImiw t]mse PclnXhpw kIe
PohnIfpsSbpw BZnbpw Ahpw A\hpamb
Nnmbn {]tim`npp.

54. AIrIacwKw N KKt\ Nn{X apnXw

A{ZjvSpIw kzm\p`ha\n{Zkz]v\ Zi\w
55. kmo `qtX kta kzt \nhnIevt]
NnZm\n
\ncnw {]Xn_nw_n PKn apIptc bYm
56. GIw {_ NnZmImiw khmI
a JWvU nXw
CXn `mhb bt\\ tNXmey imtb
57. tctJm]tcJmhenXm bssYIm ]ohco inem
XYm ss{XtemIy henXw {_ssI
anl ZriyXmw
58. ZznXobImcWm`mhm Z\pev] anZw PKXv
mXw mXhya[p\m ZrjvSw
ZrjvS hyapXw
59. hn{imtm kvan Nncw imnm{Xm
mkvXnIn\
]iyhn{im ktlw hnKXmtij
IuXpIw

666

AcKwtam AIrIambpw Cm BImin

Hcp Nn{Xw Dbcpp. AXv ImWm\mfn. Ddnem
bmepw DWhnembmepw AXv ImWm\pw km[ya.
AXpt]mse kakz \nhnImc kmn cq]hpw
ZWw t]mse \nehpamb NnZmmen aqp
temIfpw CmclnXambns {]Xn^enpp.
{_w kh cq]hpw NnZmImi kzcq]hpw AJWvUhpw
GIhpamWv. XSn inebn tcJI hcncnpXp
t]mse {_sbpw ImWpI. Hcp ImcWw ]dbm
\nmXn\m Cu {]]n\v Dev]n Dmbnn.
Nnm{XamsX thsdsbmpan. Nnm{Xs am{Xw
ZinpI. Rm AdntbXv ]dp. ImtWXv
Ip. {im\mb Rm C\n hn{ians.

60. \nckvX Iev]\m PmeaNnzXzw ]cw ]Zw

X Gh `qXamw {]m]vXmx kwimm
tij Inev _njmx
61. alm[nbx im[ntbm tb bmXm
hna\kvI Xmw
Ptmx IrX hnNmcky hnKeZv
hrn tNXkx
62. a\\w XyPtXm \nXyw InnXv
]cnWXw a\x
Zriyw kyPtXm tlbap]mtZb apt]bpj
63. {ZjvSmcw ]iytXm \nXyaZrjvSmca ]iyXx
hnmXthy ]tc Xtz
PmKcpIky PohnXw
64. kp]vX ky L\ktaml atb
kwkmc h\n
AXy ]Iz sshcmKymZctkjp ctkjz]n
65. kwkmc hmk\mPmte JKPme Chm[p\m
t{XmSntX lrZb{Ku ttY
sshcmKy cwlkm
66. ImXIw ^eamkmZy bYm hmcn {]koZXn
XYm hnm\hiXx kz`mhx kw{]koZXn
67. \ncmKw \ncp]mkwKw \nZzw \ncp]m{ibw
hn \ncymXn at\m tamlmZznlwKx
]RvPcm Znh
68. im ktl Zucmyw KXIuXpI hn{`aw
]cn]qmcw tNXx ]qtpcnh hn{`aw
]cn]qmcw tNXx ]qtpcnh cmPtX.
\nckvX Nnamb ]ca]Zw {]m]nhcpw \nckvX
kev] cpw Bbh tZmjhnapcmbn {_s
{]m]npp. a\kv XymKtmsS hna\kv IcmbhcpsS
im Nnw AhcpsS ta[sb {]hrampp.

\jvSamb at\mhrnItfmSp IqSnbhcpw am\knI

kev] ]cnXyPnv A`ymkm a\v ]cn]Iz
ambhcpw thZm Nn\n \nccw apgpInbhcpw
apapp cq]n \npw tZbw, D]mtZbw Fo
cphn[nepff ]Zmfpw XyPnhcpw \nXy\pw,
{ZjvSmhpw {]]s ImWm A{`jvSmhmbn hn
ph\pw Adntb ]caXXzn apgpInbh\pw
kck\pw, cklo\hpamb ]Zmfn sshcmKyw
]qv tamlmIamb {]]amn kpjp]vXn
tNhcpw sshcmKy_em {]m]nI hmk\I
fmIp kph ]miw On `namnbhcpw ssiYn
eyw h lrZb {KntbmSpIqSnbhcpw Bb m
\nI AhcpsS kz`mhm t\mmcesImv
Pew ipamIpXpt]mse ]cnipa\p tNhcp
amb Dam ]Rv Pcapcmb ipIsftmse
taml]min \nv hnapcmbn A\mkhpw ZzzmXoXhpw \ncmew_hpw cmKclnXhpamb NntmsS
hnipcmbnncpp. {]m]nI NnItfmSv hncn
tXmnbnpffhcpsS Nnw ]q N{s\tmse Fm
hn[nepw tim` tNcpp.

69. \mlw \ Nm\y ZkvXol {_

sshmkvan \ncmabw
Cw kZktZm[ymZyx ]iyXn k ]iyXn
70. AbtX\m]\tXjznZrKv Zrtiyjp
bYm a\x
\ocmKtah ]XXn XZzXv Imtcyjp [oc[o
71. ]cnmtbm]`qtm ln t`mtKm
`hXn XpjvStb
hnmb tkhnXutcm ssa{XntaXn
\ tNmcXmw
72. Ain{Xm]n kw{]m]vXm {Kmabm {Xm
Ym zssKx
t{]ytX XZzsshss t`mK {io
ch temIytX
73. a\tkm \nKrloXky eoemt`mtKm
ev] tIm ]n bx
Xtahme_v[hnkvXmcw njv SXzmZv
_lpam\ytX
74. _aptm alo]mtem {Kkamt{XW
XpjyXn
]sscc_tm \m{Imtm, \ cmjv{Sw
_lp a\ytX
75. lkvX w lkvtX\ kw]oUy Zss Zm
hnNqWy N
AwKm\yw ssKcnhmIyay PtbZmZu
kzbw a\x

667

I 76.

a\tkm hnPbmm\yp KXnckvXn

`hm th
alm \cI km{amtPy a
ZpjvIrX hmcWmx
77. Bimic iemIVym Zpbm
lo{obmcbx

knsbpw Aknsbpw at[y ChnsS Rmt\m

asmtm Cspw Rm kZm tZmjclnXamb {_amsWpw ImWph\mWv bYm hkvXpX ImWpXv.
{]bmk sat\y hp tNcp Zriyfn Iv cmKcln
Xambns apgpIpXpt]mse m\nI Ihy
\ncXmcmbnocpp. ASpdn Iff tamjvSm
sh \ne ssIhnv kulm `mhw ]pepXp
t]mse Nnn\p`hn kpJw kpjvSnv ImcWam
Ipp. Hcp {Kman t]mIm B{KlanmXncps
nepw bmZrnIambn {Kmaamn hp s]m
]m DZmko\\mbn \SpXpt]mse m\nI
tbmKmIamb sFizcy DZmko\XtbmsS A\p`
hnpp. kwbXNnm Xp t`mKhpw A[nIsap
a\nemn AXp tiIcamIpsav IcpXn AXn
\nv hnpamdm\m{Klnpp. A\ycpsS B{IaW
n\ncbmbnm cmPmhv Xs cmPynse kh
t`mK hkvXpfpw Xpambn IcpXpp. i{Xphns _\
n s]v \cInm hnap\mbXn\ptijw Hcp
Dcpftmdpw alcambn IcpXpp. Gsd sRcpnbmsWnepw a\ns\ sshcmKytmsS IogSpI. kwkm
ckmKcn a\v \nb{npXn IqSpX D]cn
Hpan. tLmc\Kcn ZpjvIamIp aZn B\
kcnpp. BibmIp icfm kpknXcmb
C{nbfmIp i{Xpsf PbnpI {]bmkw Xs.

78. {]oWNnZky \nKrlotX{nb Zznjx

]Zvan\y Ch tlat obt
t`mK hmk\mx
79. XmhninhthXmfm hkn lrZn hmk\mx
GIXXz ZrVm`ymkmZymh hnPnXw a\x
80. `rtXym `naX IrXzm{n khm
ImcWmXv
kmat{nbm{Imtat\m at\y
hnthIn\x
81. emf\mv \nKv[ ee\m]me\mXv
]meIx ]nXm
kplrZpahn\ymkmat\m at\y a\ojnWx
82. kzmtemIXx imkv{X Zrim kz
_p[ym kzm\p `mhXx
{]bXn]cmwknnw Xyzmm\w
a\x ]nXm

83. kplrjvSx kpZrVxkz kp{Imx

kp{] t_m[nXx
kz KptWmt\mPntXm `mXnlrZnlrtZym
at\maWnx
84. G\w at\maWnw {_ _lp]IfnXw
hnthIhmcnWm knssy {]mfym
temIhm `h
85. hnthIw ]cam{inXy _pym kXyathy
C{nbmco\ew OnXzm Xotm`h
`hmhmXv

Nnnse Almcw HXpn C{nbfmIp

i{Xpsf Pbnp IgnhcpsS hnjbm`nemjw apImev Xmacq t]mse \inpp. hmk\bm
Ip thXmfs GIm{KXbpsS A`ymkm
\nb{nmXncnphsc am{Xta AXv cm{Xnbnse
t]mse lrZbn Ddv \npIbpffq. hnthIn Xs
a\ns\ `yXys\tmse Bm\phnbmpp.
AXv Ahs kIe Imcyfpw a{nsbtmse
]cn]menpp. hnthInbpsS a\v C{nbsf
B{IanpXn\m Hcp kmas\tmse s]cpam
dpp. Adnhpffhs a\v emf\bm kvt\lapff
kv{Xosbtmsebpw ]menpXn\m ]nXmhns\
tmsebpw Ccw Imcy sNpXn\m kplr
ns\tmsebpw BWv. imkv{X\pIqeyw A\p`qXn
{]Imiw _pn Chbm a\mIp ]nXmhv kzbw
adv ]caknn \Ipp. BKpWm tXPp
Ie m\cXv\w lrZbn {]tim`npp. AXv
ZrVhpw lrjvShpw ssNX\ybphpw \nbnXhpamWv.
Nfnbn InSv aen\amb a\mIp cXv\s hnthI
Pem IgpIn ]cnipampI AXv \nv
tXPv \Ipw. hnthIs B{ibnv _pnbm
kXywkmmXvI cnv C{nbfmIp i{Xpsf
XIv kwkmckmKcw Ac ISpI.

86. Bmam{Xa\m\mw ZpxJm\mamIcw hnZpx

A\mam{Xa`nXx kpJm\mamebw hnZpx
87. hmk\mXp _tm bw temtIm
hn]cn htX
km {]knmXn ZpxJmb kpJmtbm
tZamKXm
88. [otcm]yXn _lptm ]n IpetPm
]n alm\]n
Xrjv Wbm _[ytXPpx knwlx
irwJebm bYm
89. ]caw ]pcpjw b\mbmZmb kqZyaw
bYm imkv{Xa\ptZzK amNc tIm
\ knn`mIv

668

I 90.

Alw khanZw hnizw ]camml aNypXx

\m\yZkvXoXn kwhnXym ]cam km
ly lwIrXnx
91. kh kvamZvh y Xncntm l
_mem{KmZhylw Xqx
CXn bm kwhntZm {_ ZznXobmlw
IrXnx ip`m
92. tammssbjm \ _mb Pohp
ky hnZytX
93. ]mWn ]mZmZn amt{Xm b al antXyj \nbx
AlmckvXrXotbm kueuInI
kvXp Gh kx

BbmWv temIn At\Iw ZpxJv

ImcWmambncnpXv. A\m kpJn\v ImcW
amWv. hmk\mkq{X_amb Cu temIw amdnamdnp
sImncnpp. Cu Imahmk\ Gsd ZpxJIcamWv.
AXns \miw kpJacpfpp. [oct\m, ]WvUnXt\m,
Ipeo\t\m, almt\m Bbmepw Bcpw Nebm
knwlsa t]mse Bim]min _\mIpp.
]ucpjtmsS {]bXv \ nv imkv { Xa`ykn p
BmWv knn hcmXv? ""Rm ANypX\mb
]cammhmWv'' ""Fn \npw `nambnsmpan;
Cs\bpff m\mIamb Almcw t{ibkvI
camWv. Rm XeapSn \mcns\m kqv ahpw Fm
n \npw hyXykvX\pamWv F Alw`mhhpw
awKfIcamb AlmcamWv. Cu clmchpw _
\w \nnpn. AX tam km[IamWv. ""Rm
ssIpw Imepw apapff icocw tNh\mWv'' F
aqmas Almcw XpamWv, tIhew euIoI
hpamWv.

94. Poh Gh Zpcmmku Ix

kwkmc ZpkvXtcmx
At\\m`nltXm Ppct[m [x ]cn[mhXn
95. A\bm ZpclwIrXym `hmXv
kwXybm Nncw
injvSlmchm Ppx iahm
bmXn apXmw.
96. {]Yau ZzmhlwImcu AwKoIrXy
Xze\InIu
XrXobmlw IrXnkvX ymPymeuInIo
ZpxJZmbo \o
97. AY tX A]n kwXyPy khmlw
IrXn hPnXx
k XnjvTXn XYmXyw ss]ctahm[n
tcmlXn

Zpcm kz`mhapffh\pw Cu aqmas Alm

ctmSp IqSnbh\pamb hyn XsbmWv ZxJabamb
kwkmchnjbns thcv. Cu Almcn\Snasv
Poh Xmsg AKm[Kn XffsSpw. Cu ZpxJ
{]Zamb Almcapt]nv BZys cp hn[n
epapff Alw`mhn apgpInb hyn kwbanbmbn
apnsb {]m]npp. BZys AeuInIamb
clw`mhsfbpw AwKoIcnXn\p tijw aqm
as Almcw shSnbpI. ]noSv km[\bpsS in
hnptm BZys cv Alw`mhfpw shSn
v \nclmc `mhw ssIsImffWw. CXv DXnbntev
\bnpw.

98. t`mtKmam{XtIm _kv XymtKm

tam DNytX
a\tkm `ypZtbm\mtim at\m\mtim
atlmZbx
99. at\m \miat`yXn at\mky
ln irwJem
\m\w \ \ncm\w \ New \mNew ncw
\ kmk ssNtXjmw a[yw
m\n at\m hnZpx
100. bYmkuvamnZm`mky BImtim
t\m] e`ytX
XYm\ncwinXv `mhx khtKm
]n \ eytX
101. khkev] lnXmkhkwm
hnhPnXm
sskjm NnZhn\mimm kzmXv taXymZn
IrXm`n[m
102. BImiiX`mKmm tjp
\njvf cq]nWo
kIemaekwkmckzcqss]Im Zin\o
103. \mkvXtaXn \ tNmZXn t\mnjvTXn
\ XnjvTXn
\ N bmXn \ NmbmXn \ N t\l
\ tNl NnXv
sskjm NnZaemImcm \nhIev]m
\ncmkv]Zm
104. BZu iaZa{]mssbKpssWx
injyw hntim[tbXv
]mXvkhanZw {_ ipkvXzanXn
t_m[tbXv.
GXp hn[nepffXmbmepw t`mtK _\amWv.
apnsbXv t`mtK]cnXymKw Xs. at\m\miamWv
at\mXnv ImcWw. `mKyhmt\ at\m\miw knnq.

669

I m\nIfpsS a\v \inpp. Ah a\ns\

B\satm B\ clnXsatm IcpXpn. Ah
AXns\ Ne\satm ANesatm kstm Ak
stm IcpXpn. Am\nIfmIs a\ns
_\ns]v Dgepp. khkev] mXoXhpw
khkwmclnXhpamb Cu NnZmmhns\ Ahn\m
insbpw kzmmshpw apw ]dbpp. AXv AJWvU
ssNX\yhpw khhym]IhpamWv. ANXv ZrjvSntKm
Nca. m\nI GsXmcp NnZmmhns\bmtWm
BImismfpw \qdpaSv kzhpw Ahbhcln
Xhpambn ImWpXv Bk kq \neamb
hnizcq]n tIhew BZiIambnocpp.
Bk Hcnepw DZnpItbm Akv XanpItbm
sNpn. AXv Ka\mKa\ clnXamWv. AXv Ccnp
Itbm \npItbm sNpn. AXv AhnsSbpan,
Ahew_lo\hpw hnIev] clnXhpamWv. iaZamZn
KpWfm injys AxIcWs ipoIcnt
NpaXe Kpcphn\pv. AXns\pSv Cu ImWp
kIeXpw \obpw {_kzcq]amsW t_m[w injy\v
DmnsImSpWw.

105. Akym{]_pkykhw
{_tXn tbmhtZXv
alm\cIPmtejp k tX\ hn\ntbm PnXx
106. {]_p _ptx {]oW
t`mtKky \ncminjx
\mkvXy hnZymaeanXn {]mkvXp
]ZntiXv Kpcp
107. kXn Zn] ChmtemI kXy Ch hmkcx
kXn ]pjv] ChmtamZnXn
kXyw PKYm
108. {]Xn`mkX GthZw \ PKXv ]camXx
m\ ZrjvSu {]kmbmw
{]t_m[hnX tXmZmbx
""khw {_w'' Fv Am\nbpsSbpw At_m[mcsbpw apn ]dbpXv Ahs\ \cIn
XffnbnSpXn\p XpeyWv. t`mtK \inv {]_p\mbh\pam{Xta thZm t_m[\wsImv KpWapffq.
Zo]n \nt {]ImiapmIq; ]qhnSpt kuc`y
apffq. AXpt]mse NnXv ssNX\ynemWv {]]
nXn. bYmn {]]n\v AnXzan.
tIhew B`mkam{XamWXv. \ns Iv BhcWclnX
amIptm AXn PvR m\{]Imiw \ndbpw Atm
Fs D]tZins kmcmwiw \n\p hyamIpw.

109. bYmhRmkykn kztmaZzmKvh rjv Sn

_em_ew
AhnZyssbthmabmkzm
\m timZyambm

110. hnZym kw{]m]ytX {_

khtZmjm]lmcnWo
imayXnlykv{Xakvt {XW amte\
mfytX aew
111. ia hnjw hntjssWXn cp]pWm
l\ytX cn]px

CuZrio `qXatbbw bm kzm\ti\ ljZm

112. \ eytX kz`mthm kym hoy
amssWh \iyXn
\mkv tXjym ]camtt\tXyhw
`mh\tb bm
113. khw {_tXn bkym_mh\m
km ln apnZm
t`ZZrjvSnchntZybw khYm
Xmw hnktbXv
kzm\min\v t{ijvTamb AhnZy D]Icnpw.
AXpaqew khtZmjIcamb hnZy {]m]nmw. Akv{Xw
Akv{Xs apdnpp. aewsImv amen\yw IgpIn
fWw. hnjwsImv hnjw lcnmw. i{Xp XsbmWv
i{Xphns\ kwlcnpI. AXpt]mse B\miw
kpjvSnv ImcWamIpw. AXns kzcq]w ZrjvSntKm
Nca. AXv ImgvNbns]Sptm Xs \inpp.
AXns\ ambsbp IcpXmsX {_amsWp Icp
XmsX {_amsWp IcpXpIbmWv tam{]m]vXn
pNnXw. t`Z_pnbmWv AhnZy. AXn\m t`Z_pn
ssIshSnm t{ibpmIpw.

114. apt\ \mkmZytX Xn ]ZabapNytX

IptXm PmtXbanXn tX ZznP
amkvXp hnNmcWm
115. Camw IYalw laotXyjm tX
kvXp hnNmcWm
AkvX wKXmbmw oWmbmakymw
mkykn XXv]Zw
116. bXGjm bYm ssNjmbYm
\tXyJnXw
XZkymtcmKimembm bXv\w Ipcp
NnIn t\
117. bssYjm PaZpxtJjp \ `qbkvXzmw
\ntbmyXn
kzm\nkz]cnkv]ssx kv^pcXy
ssn Zhx
118. GImIJw XZnXy`mhyXmw ZrVw
InnXv p`nXcq]m km knnna
bmth

670

I 119. Xassbh kv^pcXym

120.

121.

122.
123.
124.

Xss{Xthm
ncn hmth
Bt\yhm\mthymav\n bYm
kckn amcpXx
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sshXn temeXmw
Ww kv^pcXn km ssZho kh
inYbm XYm
tZiIme{Inbmin\ bkymx
kw{] IjtW
kzkz`mhw hnZntXzssc]\y]tZ nXm
cq]w ]cnantX\mku `mhbXyhn`mhnXm
bssZhw `mhnXw cq]w Xbm ]caImbm
XssZssh\ma\pKXm \makwJymZnIm Zrix
hnIev]IenXmImcw tZiIme{Inbmkv]Zw
NntXm cq]anZw {_ t{X
CXn IYytX
hmk\mx Iev]btkm ]n bmXylw
ImcXmw ]p\x

e`nmXv Ab]Zsav ]dbsSpp. ambbp

mbsXs\sbsmpw Nnnt ambsb
Fs\ \innmsap am{Xw Nnnm aXn amb
oWnp \inptm \n\v Abamb ]Zs
nbpff m\w e`npw. CXv FhnsS\npapm
Ipp? CXns kzcq]sav ? CsXs\ \inpp?
Fsmw Nnnv CXn\v auenIamb {]Xnhn[n ImW
Ww. As\bmbm AXv \ns kwkmcN{In
IpgpIbpw IqSmsX NnamIp kap{Zw hn`mknXam
IpIbpw sNpw. NnXv k AJcq]mIsav
IcpXWw. NnXvin Nnb ka{Zn tm`npsIm
ncnpp. kap{Zn \neNnb XcwK
s]mpp. GsXmcmiIXnsb Nennm tZiIme
{InbminI AkafmtWm B in Dm
\nemWv nXnsNpXv. B NnXv in Adnb
sSm km[yamImXpsImv ]cnanXnsbtse
cq]`mh\bpambnocpp. B ]cminbn cq]`m
h\bpmIptm AXns IqsS \makwJymXnI
tbmPnpp. NnXvinbpsS B cq]w tZiIme{InbIm[mc`qXambpw hnIev]cq]w [cnpXmbpw Xocp
p. AXmWv t{X AXpw ]noSv hmk\mk
ev]m Almccq]w {]m]nppapv.

125. Almtcm hn\ntXm Ifo

_pncpNytX
_pnxkev]nXmImcm {]bmXn
a\ kmkv]Zw

126. at\mL\hnIev] w Xp KXo

{nbXmw iss\x

]mWn]mZabwtZlan{nbmWn hnZp_p[mx
127. Ghw Pothm ln kev]mhm
k\mcp thjvSnXx
ZpxJPme]coXmm {IamZmbmXn \oNXmw
128. CXn inabw tNtXmL\mlmcXmw KXw
tImiImcIrancnh tkzbm bmXn _\w
129. kzbw Iev]nXXam{XmPmem`ym
chn]cmw
hnhiXmtaXn irwJem_knwlhXv
130. IzNn\x IzNnZv_pnxIzNnvRm\w
IzNnXv{Inbm
IzNntZXZlwImcx IzNnnanXn kvarXw
131. IzNnXv{]IrXncnXypcvXw IzNnamtbXn
Iev ]nXw
IzNnaeanXn t{]mw IzNnXvItXnkw
kva rXw
132. IzNnZv_ CXn JymXw IzNnXv]pcy
jv SIw kvarXw
t{]mw IzNnZhntZyXn IzNnZntXn kXw
133. Caw kwkmcaJneamim]mihn[mbIw
Z[Zx^sselo\w hS[m\m hSwbYm
DdXpw tZmjw IeXpamb Alw`mhw Xs
bmWv _pn. _pn kev] cq]w [cnptm at\m
cq]ambnocpp. a\v L\nIev]n ]Xnptm
AXv {ItaW C{nbcq]w ssIsmffpp. IcWNc
WmZnItfmSpIqSnb tZlsbmWv ]nXm C{nbw
Fp]dbpXv. kev] amIp hmk\m]mim
_amb Pohn ZpxJamIp hebn s]Sptm At[m
KXn {]m]npp. ]]\qpgp tkzbm _n
AIsSpXpt]mse inabamb Nnv L\mlmcw
{]m]nv _n AIsSpp. Nebn IpSpnb
knwlstmse kzIev]nXamb Xm{X3 ]mim
Ccpv NnXvin sshiyn\ncbmIpp. Cu Bm
hp XsbmWv NnebnSpv AlwImccq]nepw
NnebnSv Nnv F t]cnepw AdnbsSpXv. AXp
X a\spw NnebnSv _pnbpw m\sapw
{Inbsbpw {]IrXnsbpw a\spw ]pcpjv SIw
Fpw _\sapw HmtcmLn ]dbsSpXv.
CXv NnteSpv CbmsWn asmcnSv AhnZybmWv.
^eclnXambhS_oPw hShrs [cnpXp
t]mse CXv Bim]mi_amb PKns\bmsI D
smffpp.

671

I 134. Nnm\einJmZKv[w tIm]mPmKcN

135.
136.

137.

138.

139.

140.
141.

142.

143.

hnXwNhnXw
Imam_v[nItmecXw hnkvarXma
]nXmalw
kapc at\m {_amXwKanhIamXv
Ghw Pohm{inXm `mhm `h `mh\mbmlnXmx
{_mWm Iev] nXmImcme
tim]yY tImSoix
kwJymXoXmx ]pcm PmXm Pmbt
Zym]n NmZnXx
DXv]yt]n ssNhmt\y IWuLm Ch
\nXv[ cmXv
tINnXv{]YaPam\x tINna
iXm[nImx
tInmkwJymPam\x tINnXvzn{Xn
`hmcmx
tINnXv IncKhhnZym[catlmcKmx
tINnZthcpWmkv{Xmt[m
P]Zva Pm
tINnZv {_W`q]messhiyiq
{ZKWmx nXmx
tINnXv XrWuj[o hr^eaqe ]XwKImx
tINnXvIZw_Pw_ockmeXmeXameImx
tI Nn atl{aebklyactachx
tINnXv mtcmZ[n ocLrtXp
Pecmibmx
tINnZznimemx IpIp`x tINntZym almcbmx
hnlmbkypssIx tINnn]X
ypXv ]XXn Nx
IpIm Ch lkvtX\ arXyp \m
hncXw lXm

`pzm P\v kl{kmWn `qbx kwkmc

ktStl {_.
Cu a\v B\ Nfnbn ]pXpt]mbXpt]mse
NnamIp AnPzmebn Zlnv tIm]amIp s]cp
mn\m hpgpsv ImaamIp kap{Znse
Npgnbnsncnpp. AXv Xs ]nXmal\mb
Bhns\tmepw hnkva cnp. AXn\m BZyw
AXns\ DcnpI. Pohnsb B{ibnp At\Iw
`mh esa tImSnWn\v t`Zfn
{_m kev]nXmambn DmIpp. AcphnIfn
PeIWsftmWw CXv `mhnbnepw DmIpw. Nne
`mh At\I iXw XhW Dmbn cpw aqpw
XhW P\nhbpw C\n P\nm t]mIphbpw Dv.

Ah hn`n\ma cq] tNhbmWv. NneXv kqcy,

N{ lcn, inh hcpW, {_mhv XpSnb cq]
fnemsWn NneXv b Inc K hmZnIfpsS
cq]nemWv NneXv {_mW {Xnb sshiy iq{ZmZn
\ma tNhbpamWv. NneXv ]\, ]ne, ISv,
\mcIw, ]pv, hrw thcv, Ce, Imbv Fnhbmbnop. NneXv hn`n ]hXfpsS cq]nepamWv.
tacp, aebw, acw, atl{w, kly Fo \mafn
NneXv AdnbsSpp. NneXv kap{Zcq]nepw NneXv
]mev, s\v Icnn \ocv Fo cq]nepw nXn
sNpp. NneXv ZnpIfpsS t] [cnp. NneXv
Hgppff \ZnIfpsS th [cnp. ASnp Xmgvnbmepw
]v tatemv s]mpXpt]mse NneXns\ arXyp
hopw hopw XmUnpp. F{Xtbm t] BImintepbXn\ptijw Iotgmp ]Xnpp.

144. ]Xn tINnZ _p[mx kw{]m]ym]n

hnthIXmw
ZnmemZy\hnamXXzw kz in Xx
145. {ioessbh bZmZt ZnmeIenXw h]px
XtZh Poh]cymb hmk\mthiXx ]cw
146. a\xkZytX temew Ie\m Iet\mpJw
Imeo a\xincmZu `mhbXnWmXv
147. BImi_mh\mamw i_vZ _oP
ctkm\apJo
XXkvXZvL\Xmw bmXw kv] i_oP
ctkmpJw
148. `mhbXy\nekv]w kv] i_oP
ctkmpJw
Xm`ymamImi hmXm`ymw ZrVm`ymk
himXx
149. i_vZ kv]i kzcq]m`yw kwL
jm\y tX \ex
cq]Xm{X klnXw {Xn`nkvssXx
k l knXw
150. a\kvXmZrKv KpW KXw at\m
`mhbn WmXv
KXm{XtaXkvamZv `qankwthn
tXm `thXv
151. XXkvXmZrKv KpW KXw at\m
`mhbXn WmXv
KXm{XtaXkvamZv `qan
kwhntXm `thXv
152. AtYw `qXXm{XthjvSnXw
X\pXmw PlXv
h]qahn IWmImcw kv^pcnXw
thymav\n ]iyXn

672

ZnpI Imew FnhbpsS {]`mhnepw kz

insImpw BXXzw tZlw [cnptm AXp
Xs hk\mhim kev] fntep t]mIp
Ne a\ns cq]w sImpp. kev]bpamb
Cu a\xin Wn kzamb BImi `mh\
tbmsS Db \nebnemIpp. AXn i_vZ _oP
ns Apcw DmIpp. ]ns a\p XsbmWv
L\o`qXambn kz]\{Iam hmbp kv]\ `mh
n canpXv. AXn kv]i _oPns Apc
apmIpp. ]ns ZrVm`ymkm i_vZkv ]i
cq]amb BImihpw hmbp kwLjm Anbpw
DIpp. Ancq]w Xm{Xm kwtbmKm {XnKp
WmXvaIamIp {XnKpWmIamb a\v ckXm{Xsb
`mh\ sNpp. Atm AXv Pens ioXfkz
`mhw Nnnv Pehpambn XmZmyw {]m]npp. ]noSv
AXv NXpKpWamIpp. K\[ Xm{Xabambn AXv
]rYznsb A\p`hnm XpSpp. Cs\ Av
X\am{XItfmSpw IqSn AXv Xs kqva XXzw shSnv
BImin An kv^ pnwKfpsS cq]n
{]Iminp. icocs Zinpp.

153. AlmcIembpw _pn_oP ka\znXw

XXv]pcyjvSIanXyw `qXlrZv] jSv]Zw
154. Xkva owkvXp Xo{hkwthKmXv `mh
bZv `mkpcw h]px
qemtaXn ]mtI\ at\m
hnIev]^ew bYm
155. aqjm {ZpXtlam`w kv^pcnXx
hnaemw_tc
knthi aXmZt Xt Px kz kz`mhnX
156. Du[zw incx]nWvUab a[x ]mZabw XYm
]miztbm lkvX kwm\w
at[ytNmZw [nWw
157. Imtem\ kv^pStXmtaXy `hXyae hn{Klw
_pnkvz _temmlhnmss\
izcy kwnXx
158. k Gh `Khm {_m khtemI
]nXmalx
AhtemIy h]p {_m Imamo
b apaw
icocw XsbmWv Almcbphpw _pn_oP
bphpamb ]pcyjvSIw Fv ]dbsSpXv. AXv
PohnIfpsS lrZb Iaen Idnsmncnp
hns\tmsebmWv . thhnptm Iqhfmbv
qeambnocpXpt]mse B kqva icocn
Xo{hhpw kwth\mIhpamb icoc`mh\bpmbm
AXv qeambn Xocpp. B tXPv kzmImin

aqibn sh kzw t]mse Xnfpp. AXv apIfn

incpt]msebpw Xmsg]mZ t]msebpw ]mizfn `pP t]msebpw a[y`mKv hbdpt]mse
bpw Ccnpp. Cs\ AXv ]q icocw {]m]np
p. B icocw XsbmWv _pn _ew hocyw Dmlw
hnm\w ssh`hw Ch tNv temI]nXmal\mb
{_mhmbn cq]w sImffpXv.

159. Nnmat`yXy `Khm {XnImemae Zi\x

GXkvan ]camImti Nnm
ss{XIm cq]nWn
160. AZrjvS]mc]cyt {]Yaw Inw `thZnXn
CXn NnnXhm {_m ktZymPm
Xmaem \rIv
161. A]iyXv kzhrm\n kaXoXm\y t\Iix
kvacXytYm k kIem kh [
KpW {IamXv
162. eoebm Iev]bmamk Nn{Xx
kev]nXx {]Pm
\m\mNmckamcwt`m Kh \Kcw bYm
163. Xmkw kzm]hmw [
Imam kntb
A\m\n hnNn{XmWn imkv{XmWn
ka Iev]bXv
164. hncnncq]mkx Iev]nX XzmXv
PKXv kvXntXx
Cs {]Xys {_mhv `qX `hnjy Zz
am\ {]Xyn ImWph\mWv. Atlw Xs
kpccq]w Iv Cu Nnm{XamIp ]camImin\v
BZnbpw Ahpw Csv hnNmcnp. CXn BZytXv
Fsv Nnntm Atlns B Npv
ssNX\yabambn AXoX Ime Zriyambn. At\Iw
kz ImWsp. AtXmsS Atln\v kh
[fpsSbpw KpWfpsSbpw {Iaw Hmnm
Ignp. ]ns ]e hn[nepff {]PIsf krjvSnp.
AhcpsS [m Imatam hnNn{X ]Zm
sfbpw imkv { Xsfbp kz\cImZnIsfbpw
kev] np. Cu a\p XsbmWv {_ cq]w. Fp
sImsm `mh\bm {]] nXambXn\m
{_mhns PohnXtmsSmw Xs CXns PohnXhpw
cq]wsImpw {_mhns PohnXtmsSmw Xs
CXns PohnXhpw cq]w sImpw {_mhns Bbpv
\inptm a\pw \inpp.

165. \ PmbtX \ {]nbtX Iz NnXv

InnXv IZmNu
]camt\ hnt{]anYym khw
Xp ZriytX

673

I 166. tImiamim`qPwKm\mw

kwkmcm
Uw_cw XyP
AktZXZnXn mXzm amXr`mhw \nthib
167. Kh\Kckymt ZqjntX ZqjntX XYm
AhnZymw ti kpXm Zuhm Ix {Iamx
kpJ ZpxJtbm
168. [\Zmtcjp hrtjp ZxJbpw \ XpjvSXm
hrbmw taml ambmbmw Ix
kaizmkhm\nlm
169. ssb tch PmbtX cmtKmaq
J\ym[nbXmw KssXx
ssXtch `mssKx {]mky hncmK
D]PmbtX

{_ bYmn Bcpw acnpn. P\nppan. CumWpsXmw anYybmWv. Cu kmcmUw_cw Bim`pPwKfpsS C cnnSamWv . C Xv

ssIshSnbpI. CXv AkmWdnv amXE`mhn
{]thinpI. K\h\Kcw Fs\sbnepambncn
s, AXv \nmcamWv. AXpt]mse AhnZymwKfmb
`mcym]p{XmZnIfpw XpSamWv. AXn\m Ahsbn
Nnnt. [\w k{Xn Fnhsbmw {]]w Xs.
AhbpsS hrn ZpxJIcamWv. CXn ktmjnpXv.
\ncas{X. tamlambIfn Bpw kpJtam
imntbm Innbn. Am\nI kpJ{]ZsaptXmp hkvXp m\nI shdppp.

170. AtXm \nZmL XXz

hyhlmtcjvT kwkrtXx
\jvSw \jvSapt] kz {]m]vXw
{]m]vX ap]mlc
171. A\mKXm\mwt`mKm\mahmRvO\ aIr{Xnaw
BKXm\mw N kwt`mK CXn
]WvUnX eWw
172. ipw k Z ktZma[yw ]Zw
_p[zmhew_y N
\ Xky en]ytX {]m ] ]{X
anhmw _p`nx
173. bky tNmXz\nmkymXv ky IWn
XnjvTXx
\ Xky en]ytX {]m ] ]{X
anhmw _pZnx
174. bZntXt\{nbm{io kv] tX
lrZn sshZznP
XZm hnmX hntbm kapotm
`hmhmXv

175. Dssx ]Zmb ]cbm {]bm

hmk\m KWmXv
XmhXv ncnbwt{]mm Xmti\m
iam]v\pbmXv

AXpsImv \nZmL, XXzm\nbmb \o {]m]

nI hyhlmcfn GsXmw \jvSsSppthm Ah
B{KlncpXv. kzbw Inph kzoIcnmw. {]m]vX
fmb t`mK bYmhn[n kzoIcnmw. A{]m]y
B{KlnmXncnpI. CXmWv ]WvU nX eWw
kZkpp at[y \nesImffp ip]Zsn
Adnhpt\Sn AXv Ahew_npI. _mlym`cZriy
XyPnptbm {KlnmXncnpItbm sNpI.
shffnse Xmac AXpambn _sSpn. AXp
t]mse Cm\nI kam\ambn IcpXn PohnpI.
m\nI In en]vXcmbncpn. _pnsb
AXn en]vXamn. lrZbn C{nb hn^e
kv]npnsn AdntbImcyfdnv kwkmc
kmKcw XcWw sNpI. t`mKhnjbfmIp ]q
fpsS Kw FSpp IgXn\ptijw AXn \npw
Nnhrnsb amn hnm Db ]Zw e`nm
Ignbpw.

176. kwkmcmw_p\n[makvan hmk\mw

_p]ctX
tb {]m \maamcqVmkv t X Xomx
]WvUnXmx]tc
177. \XyPn \ hmRvOn hyhlmcw PKZvKXw
khtahm\pht ]cmhc hntZmP\mx
178. A\kym XXzaky km
kmam\y cq]nWx
Nn{XtXmpJXzw XXv
kev]mpcw hnZpx
179. teiXx {]m]vXkmI k Gh J\Xmw
iss\x
bmXn NnXzam]qcy ZrVm
PmUymb taLhXv
180. `mhbn NnXnivs sXyw
hyXncn anhm\x
kev]Xm anhmbmXn _oPapcXmanh
181. kev]\w ln kev] kzbtah {]PmbtX
htX kzbtahmip ZpxJmb \
kpJmb XXv
kwkmcamIp kmKcw t`mtK Pe ]cnXamWv.
{]bmIp tXmWnbn Ibdnb ]WvUnXm Cu
kmKcw XcWw sNbvXp. {]]sn Adnh
{]m]nI hyhlmcfn B{Klw {]ISnnpItbm

674

I Ah ssI hnSpItbm sNpn. Ah kIeXn\pw

A\mkcmbncnpw kev]ns Apcw B
XXzssNX\yns hnjbm`napJamb {]bmWamWv.
ImcWw kev]w {ItaW ZrVambnocpp. Atm
Ahbm adbvsp PUXzw {]m]np _oPw Ap
cmhbnsepp; tNX\ hnjbfn \npw`n
sap IcpXn kev ] cq]n \nesImffpp.
kev]n AXns {]h\w kpJ{]Za; ZpxJw
\IpXmWv.

182. am kev]b kev]w am `mhw

`mhb nXu
kev]\mti\ btXm \ `qtbm\\p KNvOXn
183. `mh\m `mhamt{XW kev]x
obtX kzbw
kevt ]ss\h kev]w
a\sskh at\mapt\
184. OnXzm kzm\nXnjp Xzw IntaXm
hXn ZpjvIcw
bssYthZw \`x iq\y PKXv iq\yw
XssYh ln
185. X_peyky bYm N bYm Xm{aky Imfnam
\iyXn {Inbbm hn{] ]pcpjky XYm aew
186. Pohky XWvUe tkyh aew klPa]yew
\iytXyh \ ktlkvX kvam
ZptcymKhm `thXv
AXn\m NnnepmIp kev] {Inbsb
XSbpI. Hcp ]t kev] w Dmbmepw AXn
]Zm `mh\ AcpXv. ImcWw kev]w \innp
hm Ddh AXns\ {InbmIamphm A\p
hZnpIbn. `mh\ \inm kev ]hpw \inpw.
a\psImv a\ns\ PbnpI. kev ] m
kev]s PbnpI. Cs\ Bkzcq]n
nXnsNm {ianpI. BImisatmWw Cu {]]
hpw iq\yamIpp. sNns mhpw s\ns Danbpw
{ianm amm IgnbpXpt]mse a\pjys amen\y
tZmj {InbsImv AIm Ignbpw. kwibnm
\n. AXn\m kZm bXv\ ]c\mIpI.

Bdma[ymbw
1.

2.

Acmw ]cnXyPy `mh{inw `mh\mabnw

tbm kn.tkm kn. PKXykvan
eoebm hnlcm\L
kh{Xml aItXn ZrV
`mh\bmkva bm
]camarX\mav\o km kassX hm h injytX

3.

tJtZmmk hnemtkjp kzm

IrX ssbIbm
kzkevt] bw bmtX kassX hm
h injytX
4. kaXm kh`mthjp bm ku
kXy ]cmnXnx
Xkyma\nXw Nnw \ `qtbm
P`mKv `thXv
5. AYhm kh IrXz aIrXzw
N ssh apt\
khw Xyzm a\x ]oXzm tbm kn
tkm kn ntcm`h
6. tijnc kam[mt\m tb\ XyPkn
XXv XyP
Nn\x Ie\mImcw {]Imi Xnancm ZnIw
7. hmk\mw hmknXmcw N {]im [ox
8. lrZbmXv kw]cnXyPy
khhmku ]wbx
bkvXnjvTXn KXhy{Kx kapx ]ctaizcx
9. ZrjvS m {`jvShyaJnew {`mw
{`mym ZntimZi
bpym ssh NctXm ky
kwkmtcm ZntimZi
bpym h NctXm ky kwkmtcm
tKmjv] ZmIrXnx
10. k_mlym`ytc tZtl ly[ Du[zw
N `np N
CX Bm XtXm ]ym \m kvXy\m
abw PKXv.

tl A\L, Acmh, `mh\mkv Ch

ssIhnv Xs bYm cq]n {]]n bm{X
XpScpI. kh{X AImhmIpI. Cs\bmbm
AarXmIamb kaX t\Smw. tJZw, Dmkw, hnemkw,
Ch a\pjy \nnXamWv. CXp a\nemnbm
kaXtb AhtijnpIbpffq. kaXbpsS bYmm
h {Klnv Ignm P\acWImcWw Xs
Ahkm\npp. Ihym Ihy XyPnv
a\v ]Tnv bY m cq]n \nesImffpI.
Ahkm\w kIeXpw ssIhnv kam[n\mIpI.
tNX\ XsbmWv {]Imikzcq]w. AXpXs A
ImcambnocpXpw. ImcWw, am\knI kev] w
hlnpXv AXmWv. AXn\m t`mtKv ImcWamb
hkv X pXI kaqew XyPnv BImistmse
k z h p w im h p am b N n t m s S I g nbp I .
lrZb]qhw kIe t`mtKIfpw XyPnv a\n

675

I hymIpeXbvnSsImSpmsX IgnbpI. As\bpff

h\mWv ap. ]p ZnpIfnepw Npndn Ah
ImtWXp ImWmi\mbn Xop. icocn\I
pw ]pdpw Xmsgbpw apIfnepw kh{X Bmhv
\ndncnppv. AXn\v Cu hnizw Hcnepw
A\mabamIpn. Fnepw {]bXv\nv kZmNmc
\ncX\mbn Ignbp m\nI kwkmc kmKcw
XcWw sNm Wn tbmKycmbn`hnpp.

11.

12.
13.

14.

15.
16.

17.

19.

20.

21.

\ XZkvXXn \ b X3lw \ XZkvXn

\ Xbw
Ina\yZ`n hmRvOman khw knbw XXw
kakvXw JeznZw {_khamt Z amXXw
Ala\y CZw Nm\yZnXn {`mnw XyPm\L
XtX{_ Lt\ \ntXykw`hn
\ Iev]nXm
\ timtIm kvXn \tam tlm kvXn\
PcmkvXn \ P hm
bZkvXn l X tZhmkvXn hnPztcm `h khZm
bYm {]m]vXm\p`hXxkh{Xm\`n
hmRvO\mXv
XymKmm\ ]cnXymKo hnPztcm `h khZm
btky Zw P ]mmXyw Xamtizh almatX
hnin hnZym hnaem apm thWp
anthmaw
hnca\kmw kayIvkz{]kwKm Zp ZmlrZw
{`jvSZi\ Zriym\n Xyzm
hmk\bm kl
Zi{]Xybm `mk amm\w kap]mkva tl
Zztbma[yKXw \nXyakvXn \mkvXoXn
]tbmx
{]Imi\w {]Imim\mamm\w
ka]mkvat]m
kwXyPy lrZvKptlim\w tZha\yw
{]bmn tb
tX cXv\ ma`nhmRvOnXylkvX
IukvXp`x
DnXm\pnXm t\yXm\n{nbmco
]p\x]p\x
l\ymXv hnthI ZWvt U\ ht{PtWh
lcn Knco

\nZmL, ""Rm A\y\msW sXnmcWA

ssIshSnbWw. Rm\nm ean. Bkaba
m hkvXphpan. CsXmw kpw NnbhpamsW
n ]ns Rm Fns\ B{KlnWw? CsXmw

BmhmWv. CXv _w XsCXn\p timItam taml

tam Pctbm Ptam Hpw Xsbn. \nXy\pw knZm\
L\\pamb Cu ]ctaizc\n Iev]\mabamb `mh
v km[yXbn. B XXzn ebnXmsWmw.
AXn\m Hpw BinmsX, Ffpn ssIhcpXv
A\p`hnpI. XymPy {Kmly Nn IqSmsX hnImc
clnX\mbncnpI. C\n PsaSpt Ahbp
ffh\n t{ijvSPmXnbn s] apnset]mse
kzamb hnZb {]thinpp. {`jvSmhn\v Zrkyw aptJ\
e`np kpJm\p`qXn BXzm Dmb kv]\w
XsbmsWpw AXns\ \Xpt]mse D]mknpp
shpw sshcmKy Nnm kzw A\p`qXnbm
hyamnbnpv . ""Dv'' ""C'' Fnhv cn\pw
at[y nXnsNpXpw Fm {]Imifmpw
{]Imihpamb Bmhns D]mkImcmWv \.
Bmhv \psS lrZbn atlizcs\ \nebn
hknpp. B imizXmmhns\ ssIhnv A\yhkvXp
v {]bXv\nph ssIbnencnp IukvXp`
cXv\w hnv ap cXv\w At\zjnphcmWv. {]_e
tfm _elo\tfm BIs. C{nbfmIp
i{Xpsf hnthIamIp hSnsImSnv \nb{Ww
C{ Xs h{Pmbp[m alm]hXsf shn
hogv nbXpt]mse hnthI _pnbm C{nb
fmIp i{Xpsf hnhIamIp hSnsImSnv
\n{nWw C{ Xs h{Pmbp[m alm]h
Xsf shn hogv nbXpt]mse hnthI _pnbm
C{nbfmIp i{Xpsf Dbcm CSsImSpm
XncnpI.

22. kwkmc cm{Xn Zpxkz]vt\ iqt\y

tZlatb {`ta
khtahm ]hn{Xw XXv ZrjvSw
kwkrXn hn{_aw
23. Amt\m]ltXm _mte buht\
h\nXm lXx
titjIf{X Nnmx In ItcmXn \cm[ax
24. ktXm kmnXm ap[v\n ZpxJm\n In
taIw kwibm arlw
25. tbjmw \ntajtWmtazju
PKXx{]ftbmZbu
XmZrim ]pcpjmbmn amZrimw
KWss\h Im
Cu kpc icocw kwkmcamIp cm{Xnbn
ImWp Zpxkz]v\w t]msebmWv. AXns KXn A]hn
{XamIpp. _meyn Am\mKX; bu\n
kv{Xohnjb NnI, AyImev `mcym ]p{XmZnIsf
kw_n Nn Cs\bpff \cm[a\v Btm
Xnv FpsNm Ignbpw? kns ta Ak

676

I ns hnPbhpw kucynsta sshcq]yns

hnPbhpw kpJns ta ZpxJns hnPbhpw
\ S p A h b n X m G X ns \ i cW w
{]m]nWw? BcpsS \nthtjmtjmtemtWm
kwkmcnse krjvSn nXn ebmZnI \SpXv
B ]pcpj t]mepw Imem I_foIrXamIptm
Fstmepff \nmcmcpsS Ah FmIpw?

26. kwkmc Gh ZpxJm\mw koam

CXn IYytX
Xt[y ]XntX tZtl kpJ
amkzmZytX IYw?
27. {]_ptm kvan {]_ptm kvan
ZpjvStmtcmbam\m
at\m \ma \nlktay\w a\km
kvan Nncw lrXx
28. amtJZw ZP tltbjpt\m]mtZb ]tcm `h
tlbm tZbZriu cyzm tijtx
kp ntcm`h
29. \ncmiXm \n`bXm \nXyXm akXm Xm
\ncolXm \njv{InbXm kuayXm
\nhnIev ]Xm
30. [rXnssa{Xo a\kvXpjvSn arZpXm
arZp `mjnXm
tltbm ]mtZb \npt t
XnjvTy ]hmk\w
31. KrloX XrjvWm i_co hmk\m PmeaXXw
kwkmc hmcn {]krXw Nnm Xp`ncm XXw
32. A\bm XojvWbm XmX Onn _pn
iemIbm
hmXy tbhmw_pZw Pmew OnXzm XnjvT
XtX ]tZ
At A\s ZpxJsav IcpXsSp Cu {]
n IpSpp tZlw Fs\ kpJw BkzZnm
\mWv? Bmhns\ tamjvSn Iff Fs Cu Zpjn
Nnw Xs. CXv FtmgmWv Fs tamjvSnsX
dnpIqSm. Fm Ctm F\n hyambn. AXn
\m Rm AXns\ XIpw? tlb]Zmp
thn ZpxJnpXn FmWw? AXpt]mse
D]mtZb hkvXpfn Bkn DmIpXp shdp
sXbmWv. AXn\m tlbw D]mtZbw FnhbpsS
t`Z_pn shSnv apffhbn Ddncn Ww.
Fsmev m\nbn \nXyX, A`nX, kaX,
\njv{ InbXzw \njvI ma`mh\ kmwkvmcnI hnjb
fn hncn \nhnIev]vXzw kuayX, amhw, [rXn
ssa{Xn ktmjw, kcf`mjWw Fo KpW

\ndncnpw. XrjvWbmIp Immfn t`mKhmk\

bmIp he hncnncnpp. \o AXn AIsp.
acoNnImIamb Cu Pew NnamIp IncWfm
kh{X hym]vXamWv. Ipt, Cu ambsb m\
amIp Iq icm sImSpmv taLsfsb
t]mse XIv Xs bYm cq]n Ddv \ne
sImffpI.

33. a\sskh a\xivOnXzm IpTmtctWh ]mZ]w

]Zw ]mh\amkmZy kZy Gh ntcm `h
34. XnjvT K kz] Pm{K \nhkpXv
]X ]X
AktZthZaniyw \nnXymmw
]cnXyQ
35. Zriyam{ibkoZw tNXv kntm
kntamhm
36. \mlw t\ZanXn [ymb XnjvT XzaNemNe
Bt\m PlXm ZrjvS Zriy
Zimtc
37. Zi\mJyw kzamm\w khZm `mhb `h
kzmZykzmZI kwXyw kzmZy
kzmZI a[yKw
acns IjWw LSnn tImSmensImv acs
shn hogv pXpt]mse a\psImv Xs a\
ns\ tOZnv kpnc\mbncnpI. Ccnptmgpw
Fgptptmgpw \Sptmgpw Ddptmgpw
F Fm AhIfnepw Fmw Ak{Zq]sav
IcpXn ZriyhkvX ptfmSpff B ssIhnSpI.
ImcWw, Zriyw sImpXs Nnns _\n
AIsSpp. Zriyfv ssIshSnm Nn iq\yX
sImv \o tam {]m]vXn[nImcnbmIpp. ""temIhp
an, Rm\pan F `mh\tbmsS ]hXw t]mse
ANe\mhpI. BXvamhn\pw hnizn\pw a[ynepw
Zriyns a[ynepw kzbw Zi\amIp Bm
hpsv IcpXpI. kzmZpff ]Zmw. AX vBkzZnp
h cn\pw at[ybpff AhtbmsS tIhew
kzmZns\ am{Xw Nnnp ]cammhn ebnm
Xmev]cyw hlnpI.

38. kzZKw tIhew [ymb ]camatbm `h

Ahew_y \ncmew_w at[y at[y
ntcm `h
39. cq _m hnapNyt XrjvWm
_m \ tI\NnXv
Xkva mnZmLp XrjvW mw Xzw XyP
kev] hP\mXv

677

tIhew kzmZKw [ym\npsImv ]cam]cam

hpI. \ncmew_s Ahew_nv a[yn nc\m
hpI. IbdpsImv sIsh tamNnsSpp.
Fm XrjvWm_m tamNnsSpn. AXn\m
\o \nZmL XrjvW ssIhnv kev]sf shSnv
ap\mIpI.

40. GXmalw `mhabo a]pWymw

OnXzm \lw `mh iemIssbh
kz`mhPmw `hy `hm `qau
`h {]imm Jne `qX `oXnx
41. Altajmw ]Zmm\m tatX Naa PohnXw
\ml ta`n hn\m InnhssbtX
hn\m Ine
42. CXy \nbw Xyzm hnNmcy
a\km kl
\mlw ]Zm ky \ ta ]Zm
CXn `mhntX
43. AxioXebm _q[ym IphtXm eoe
bm {Inbm
tbm \q\w hmk\mXymtKm t[ytbm {_
{]IonX
XrjvW Almcbphpw kev ]abhpamWv.
Cu XrjvW tOZnm\pff almkv{Xw Alw `mhcm
lnXyamWv. P\\acW `ojWnbn kIe PohnIfpw
apgpIpp. Cu temIn \npw \n`b\mbn ]cam
temIn kcnpI, im\mbn Nnnv
t`mtK shSnbpI. Cu ]Zmw FsX; F\nv
Cu ]Zmfpambn _an F `mh\tbmsS
\ncmew_mhbn nXn sNWw.

44. khw kaXbm _p[ym bxIrXzm

hmk\mbw
PlmXn \ntam tZlw \tbm ku
hmk\mbx
45. Almcabow Xyzm hmk\mw
eoessbh bx
XnjTXnt[yb kwXymKo kPoh
p DNytX
46. \nqew Ie\mwXyzm hmk\mw
bx iaw KXx
tbw XymKanaw hnn apw
Xw {_mtWma
47. ZzmthXu {_ Xmw bmXu Zzmth Xu
hnKX Pzcu
B]vk p bYmImew kpJZpxtJ jz
\mcXu

kv\mbk tbmKn\m\ Zmu hnn

imu ap\oizc

48. Cu]v knXm \o]vkntX \ kvtXmbkym

hn ZrjvSnjp
kpjp]vX hZycXn k Poh DNytX
49. ljmaj `bt{Im[m ImaImWy
ZrjvSn`nx
\ lrjXn mbXnbx ]cami hnhPnXx
50. _mlym hmkt\mZv `qXm XrjvWm
_tXn IYytX
khm hmkt\m`qX XrjvWm aptXn
`WytX
51. CZakvXp ata Xy anmw
{]m\bm\znXx
Xmw XoW irwJemw hnn ZpxJP
`b {]Zm
52. XmtaXmw kh`mthjvS kXv kzkp
N khZm
kwXyPy ]ctamZmcw ]ZaXn alma\mx
53. _mmaY tammnc kpJ
ZpxJ Zima]n
Xyzm kZkZmkmw Xzw XnjvTm p_v[
alm_v[nhXv
kaXzt_[w Iev t`mtKsb khYm _elo
\amn aaXm lo\\mbnocph\v icoc_hpw
XyPnmw. AXn\m t`tK \miamWv ]caIhyw
AlmcmIhmk\ XyPnv t[yb hkvXphns\bpw
XyPnph\mWv Pohp. kev]hmk\ kaqew
ssIhnSpIbmWv imn{]Zw. {_m\nt B XymKw
km[yamIq. As\bpff {_m\n t{ijvT\m
Ipp. Ah {]mnI ZpxJpcmbn {_]Zw
{]m]npp. tbmKnI iaZabpcmIbm kpJZpxJ
en]vXc, Cm \nmclnX\bn kpjp]vXs\t]mse
s]kcpamdph\mWv Pohp. hmk\mclnX
Imat{Im[tamllj `bmZnIv ASnabmIn.
_mly hnjb \Ip XrjvW _\w \Ipw.
khhmk\mclnXamb Xrjv W apn {]ZamWv .
GsXnepw InWsa B{Klw ZpxJ{]ZamWv. CXv
tLmc_\ kzcq]amWv. k\ kZk{Zq]
fmb ]Zmfnepff B{Klw khZm shSnv
]ca]Zw {]m]npp. Ipt, _\nepw tam
nepw DmIp hnizmk Fmw Xs kpJZpxJ
kzcq]fmWv. Ahsbmw ssIhnv {]im alm
kap{Zw t]mse \ne\pw im\pambn XocWw.

678

I 54.
55.

56.

57.

58.

59.

60.

PmbtX \nbx kmt[m ]pcpjky

NXphn[x
B]mZakvXI alw amXm]nXm]nXr
hn\nnXx
CtXytIm \ntbm {_ _mbmk
hntemI\mXv
AXoXx kh`mth`ym _mem{Km
Z]ylw X\p
CXn ZznXotbm tammb \ntbm
PmbtX kXmw
PKPzme ]Zmmm kh Ghml abx
XrXotbm \nbtm tamm
ssbhZzntPma
Alw PKZzm kIew iq\yw thyma kaw kZm
Gh taj NXptm ]n \ntbm tam
knnZx
GtXjmw {]Yax t{]m kv X rjv W bm
_tbmKybm
ip XrjvWmkv{Xbx kzm Pohpm
hnemkn\x
khw Nm]yl tahXn \ntbm
tbm almatX
XamZmb hnjmZmb \ `qtbm PmbtX aXnx

{_, \mep hn[nepff \nbfmWv a\pjy

\pffXv. 1.""Fs icocw krjv SnXv amXm]nXmm
cmWv'' 2. Rm PKZmI `mhclnX\pw tIim{Ks
mfpw kqvaImchpamb BmhmWv. 3. Rm AJne
hniz]ZmfpsS Bmhmb khkzcq]\pw
Ahn\minbpamIpp. 4. Rm\pw Cu kq hnizhpw
BImistmse iq\yhpamWv. cmw \nbw sImv
k\ apn {]m]npp. aqmasXp sImv
apn e`nm\nSbmIpp. \memw \nbhpw tam{]Z
amWv. HmasXmIs _\w \Ip XrjvW
tbmSp IqSnbXmWv. cpw aqpw \mepw \nbtfmSp
IqSnbh BXXz \ncXcmb PohpcmWv. Fmw
Xm XsbmsW t_m[apffh hnjmZn s]Sp
n.

61. iq\yw XXv {]IrXn ambm {_

hnm\ anXy]n
inhx]pcpj Cuimt\m \nXyamtXn
IYytX
62. ssZzXmssZzXkapZv`qssX PKnmW
eoebm
]cam abn inssZzssXhw ]n{Pw `tX

63. khmXoX ]Zmew_o ]cn]q INnbx

t\mtZzKo \ N Xpjv Smm kwkmtc
\m hkoZXn
64. {]m]vXIItcm \nXyw i{Xp an{X
kam\ ZrIv

CulnXm \o ssXaptm \ timNXn

\ ImwXn
65. khkym`naXw hm tNmZnXx
t]itemnam
Bib `qXm\mw kwkmtc
\mh ko ZXn
66. ]qhmw ZrjvS nahjvS`yt[yb
XymK hnemkn\ow
Pohpbm kztm temI hnlmc hnPzcx
67. AxkwXb khmtim hoX cmtKm
hnhmk\x
_lnx kth kamNmtc temI hnlc hnPzcx
68. _lnx IrXna kwcwt`m lrZnkwcw` hPnXx
Im _lncIm temI hnlc
ip [ox
69. Xy lw IrXycmizkvX aXn ] cmImi
tim`\x
AKrloX Ifmt, temtI hnlc ip [ox
Bmshp ]dbsSp iq\yw XsbmWv
{]IrXn, amb, inh ]pcpj Cuim\ {_m\w
Chsbmw. ]c{_ kw_nbmb AssZzXin
XsbmWv ssZzXambn ImWsSpXv. AssZzXm
{]ISamIp ]Zmfm hnizkrjv Snpff amb
{]hamIpp. hniz {]]mKXambn Bmh
nXmcmbn ktmjtam km]tam IqSmsX ]cn
]q Nnbmhbn Ccnph {]m]nI
ZpxJfn s]Spn. \o kIe BiIfpw ssIhnv
hmk\m iq\y\pw cmKclnX\pw Xm] clnX\pambn
Fm kmwkvImcnI Ifpw _mlycq]n am{Xw
sNpI. ]pdsa tIm]apmbmepw Dffn AXv ]mSn.
_mlyambn IhmWv Fnepw cnIambn AIm
hmIWw. Cs\ ip Nn\mIpI. Fsm
i{Xphns\bpw an{Xsbpw Hcp t]mse IcpXph\pw
\nXy {]m]vX I sNph\pw Cm\nm
hnap\pw timI ljmZn clnX\pw {]nb `mjnbpw
]cwKnX m\nbpambncnph am{Xw Cu temIn ZpxJn\ncbmIpn. Almc ssIhnv If
Imfna IecmX BImiw t]mse \neamb lrZb
tmsS ipam\k\mbn kzw PohnpI.

679

I 70.
71.

72.
73.

74.

75.

76.

77.

DZmcx t]iem NmcxkhmNmcm\p hrnam

AxkwK]cnXymKo _lnx kw`mc hm\nh
Ass sshcmKyamZmb _lncmImtim
ptJ lnXx
Abw _pcbw t\Xn KW\m
eLp tNXkmw
DZmcNcnXm\mw Xp hkpss[h IpSpw_Iw
`mhm`mh hn\npw PcmacWhPnXw
{]imIe\m cay \ocmKw ]Zam{ib
Gjm {_monXnx kzm
\njvImamhnKXmabmx
BZmb hnlcthw ktSjp \ aplyXn
sshcmtKyWmY imkvt{XmW alXzmZn
KpssWc]n
bXv kev] hnlmcmw
kzbtathmb a\x
sshcmKymXv ]qXmtaXn at\m\mi
him\pKw
Bibm cXmtaXn icZoh ktcm
aew Xtah
`n hnckw hym]mcuLw ]p\x ]p\x
Znhtk Znhtk Iph {]mx Ikvam
etX
NnssXy IentXm _kvXpu
apn cpNytX

DZmcmNcWw tNv, DZmcaXnbmbn hnjbm\m

k\mbn t{ijvTmNmc]c\mbn AxIcWn
sshcmKytmsS _mlyambn Da coXnbn s]cpam
dpI. CXv Fs _ph, Cbm _phmWv. Cu
amXncnNn Aev] _pnIfpsSXmWv. DZmcaXnIv
kakvX hnizhpw kzw IpSpw_amIpp. `mhm`mh
clnXhpw PcmacWhnlo\hpw kh kev]m{inXhpw
cmKclnXhpamb ]ca ]Zn AhnX\mIpI.
CXmWv Ima\mclnXhpw \nehpamb {_mo F
nXn. Cu nXn B{ibnp km[I\v kSw
hps]mepw e`n m\m DmIp alXzmZn
KpWfmtem sshcmKy _pnbmtem kmev]w ssI
shSnp Ignm a\v DXmh {]m]npp.
\ncmimabamb a\n\v sshcmKy sat\y ]qX
t\Sm Hn. a\v BimabamIptm icXv
Imes kz ktcmhcw t]mse cmKapamIpp.
Fm t`mKapamb a\v hopw cmKmZnIfn
AIsSpphm hnmmv e tXmm
sXmWv? Nn hnjbfpsS kwtbmKw Xs _
\w. _\n \npw tamN\w t\SpXpXs apn.

78. NnZssNX\ymInem tXn khknm

kw{Klx
GXn bamZmb hntemIb [otbbm
79. kzbtahm\mm\am\w ]Zam]v\ y kn
NnZlw NnZntatemImn Zm imnZn
amx {]Pmx
80. Zriy Zi\ \npx tIhemae cq]hm
\ntXymZn tXm \ncm `mtkm {`jvSm kmo
NnZmIx
81. ssNX\y \np Nn{Zq]w ]q
tPymXn kzcq]Iw
kwim khw kw thZyw kwhnm{X
alw alXv
82. kwim kh kev]x {]im
kItejWw
\nhnIev] ]Zw KXzm kztm `h ap\oizc
hnjb hnap NnamWv Bmshv thZmw
A\pimknpp. Cu Nn kXysadnv ipmx
IcWm Bmhns\ ZinpI Atm B\
kzcq]amb ]Zw ssIhcpw. Cu temIfpw ZnpIfpw
PohnIfpw Fmw Nnw Xs Rm\pw NnmWv.
Zriymepw Zi\mepw, khpw \nehpamb
cq]tmSp IqSnb Cu k mnbmb NnZm mhv
B`mkclnXhpw \nXyhpw {]Xyambpw {`jvShmbn
Xoncnpp. Rm alpw Nnm{X kzcq]hpw
]q tPymXnx kzcq]hpw kh{]Imcnepw kwth
Z\m aphpw Nn{Zq]hpamIpp. apt\, kIeev]fpw
imamn Ima\I ssI shSnv \nhnIev] kam[n
ssIsImffpI.

83. b C am w atl m] \ nj Z w {_ m tW m
\nXya[otX At{im{Xnbx t{im{Xntbm `hXn.
A\p]\oXx D]\otXm `hXn. tkm n ]qtXm
`hXnx
k tkma]qtXm `hXn k kXy ]qtXm `hXn.
kkh `qtXm `hXn k ksshx tZ sshx
mtXm `hXn. kx kthjp Xot jp
k\mtXm `hXn. kxksshx tZ sshc\p[ym tXm
`hXn. kkh{X Xp`ncnjvShm `hXn. Kmb{Xymx jjv T n kl{kmWn P]v X m\n ^em\n
`hn. CXnlmk ]pcmWm\w iX kl{kmWn
P]v X m\n ^em\n `hn. {]Whm\m abpXw
P]v X w `hn B Npjx ]wn ]p\mXn
Bk]vXam ]pcpj bpKm ]p\mXn. CXyml
`Khm lncWy K`x Pt]y\m arXXzw N
KXoXyp]\njv.

680

I GsXmcp {_mW Cu atlm]\njv \nXyhpw

A[yb\w sNpp. Abm At{im{Xnb\msWn
t{im{Xnb\mbnocpp. D]\oX\sn D]\oX\m
Ip p. A h A n]q X\m bn, hmb p]q X\m bn
tkma]qX\mbn kXy]qX\mbn `hnpp. ]cn]q
ip\pw kIetZhmcmepw [ym\n ^ehpw Xom
S\ ^ehpw Ah\v knnpp. Ah kh
Imhmbn At\Ikl{kw Kmb{Xn P]nmepm

Ip ^en\l\mIpp. ]Xn\mbncw {]Whw

P]nXpsImpw At\I kl{kw CXnlmk ]pcmW
hmbnXpsImpw e`nmhp ^ew Inpp.
ImWm IgnbpnStmfw ]wnIsf ]cnipamp
p. Ahs GgpapXeapdmcpw Ggv ]n Xeapd
mcpw ipcmIpp. CXp P]npXn\m AarXXzw
e`npp. CXv almb D]\njmsWv {_mhv
]dnpv.
atlm\njv kam]np.

apn-tIm-]-\n-jv

imn]mTw
Hmw. ]q aZx ]qanZw ]qmXv ]qapZ
NytX. ]qky ]qamZmb ]qtahmh
injytX.
Hmw. imnx imnx imnx.
Hmw. {]Whcq]amb ]c{_w khhn[nepw
]qamIpp. ]qambXn \npamWv Cu ]qw
A`nhyambnpXv. ]qn \np ]qs
FSpm ]qw Xs Ahtijnpp. Hmw. imnx
imnx imnx

Hmaymbw
1.

2.

3.

4.

Atbmym \Ktc ctay cXv\aWvU] ayta

koXm`cX kuan{Xn i{XpLv\mssZyx
ka\znXw.
k\ImssZyap\nKssW hknjvTmssZyx
ipImZn`nx
Ass\y`mKhssXm]n kvXqbam\
alniw
[ohn{Inbmkl{kmWmw kmnWw
\nhnImcnWw.
kzcq][ym\ \ncXw kam[nhncta lcnw.
`ymip{iqjbmcmaw kvXph]
{]amcpXnx
cma Xzw ]cammkn knZm\ eWx

kpcamb Atbmym\Kcnse cXv\aWvU]

aty koXm`cX evaW i{XpLv\amtcmsSmcpanv
{iocmaN{ hmgpp.
k\ImZnap\nam hknjvTmZn {_jnam, ap
`mKhXm Fnhcm kv X pXnsSph\pw
_pnbpsS [qjW\ kl{kp kmn`qX\pw
Bb {iocma N{ kam[nbn \np hncantm
Atls ip{iqjnXn\ptijw {io l\pam ]d
p: Atbm cmaN{m, Av knZm\kzcq]\mb
]cammhmWv.

5.

CZm\ow Xzmw cLpt{ijvTm {]Waman

aplplpx
Xz{Zq]w mXpanman XztXm
cmaaptb.

6.

A\mbmtk\ tb\mlw aptNybw

`h_\mXv
Ir]bm hZ ta cma tb\ aptm `hmaylw.

tl cLpt{ijvTm, Rm Asb hopw hopw

\akv cn pp. apnmbn Rm A bpsS
bYmcq]w Adnhm\m{Klnpp. GsXmn\m
Rm A\mbmtk\ kwkmc_\n \npw
ap\mIptam B bYm cq]adnhm\mWv Rm
B{KlnpXv. I\nhpmbn F\nv apnt\Sphm
thnbp AbpsS Xzw D]tZinp Xmepw.

681

I 7.

km[p ]rjvSw alm_mtlm hZman irWp

XzXx
thZmt kp{]XnjvtTm lw thZmw
kap]m{ib.

tl alm_mtlm, \o tNmZnXv hfsc \s.

Rm Xzw ]dbmw \o tIpsImI. Rm thZm
n {]XnjvTnX\mIpp. \o thZms B{ibn
pI.

8.

thZmx tI cLt{ijvT, ht
Ip{X tX hZ
l\pam irWp hyan
thZmnXnaRvPkm.

l\pam: tl cLphoc, thZm GhbmWv?

Ah FhnsSbmWv nXnsNpXv? Cmcyw F\np
]dp Xmepw
{iocma l\pam, tIpsImI. Rm thZm
ns nXnsbn CtmXs ]dp Xcppv.

9.

\nxizmk`qXmtahnjv tWmthZmPmXx
kphnkvX
cmx Xntejp ssXehtZztZ thZmx
kp{]XnjvT nXx

{iocma ]dp: thZm AXnhnkv XrX

fmWv. Ah Fs \nizmkn \npw DmbXmWv.
Fn Fsbt]mse thZfn thZmw kp{]
XnjvTnXambncnpIbmWv.

10. cma thZmx IXnhn[mkvtXjmw

imJm cmLh
Xmkq]\njZx Imx kyqx Ir]bm hZ XzXx
l\pam tNmZnp: tl cma, thZ F{Xhn[
apv? AhbpsS imJI GsXmw? Ahbn D]\nj
pI GsXmamWv? Chsbmw kZbw F\np
hniZambn ]dp Xmepw.

11.

{iocma DhmN:
EtKzZmZn hn`mtK\ thZmXzmc CucnXmx
tXjmw imJmlyt\Imx kypkvX mkp
]\njZkvXYm

{iocma ]dp: EtKzZmZnhn`mKm thZ

\mseapsp Imcyw {]knamWtm. Ahbvp
At\Iw imJIfpw Dv. Ahbn D]\njpIfpw
At\Iapv.

12. EtKzZky Xp imJmx kyptcI

hnwiXnkwJyImx

\hm[nIiXw imJm bPpj amcpXmP

tl amcptX, EtKzZn\v Ccp]smp imJIfpw

bPpthZn\v \qnH]Xv imJIfpapv.

13. kl{kkwJybm PmXmx imJmx

kmav\x ]c]
AYhWky imJmx kyqx ]miZvt`
ZtXm ltc.
kmathZn\v Bbnchpw AYhthZn\v A]
Xpw imJIfpv.

14. GssIIkymkvX pimJmbm GssItIm]

\njaXm
XmkmtaImarNw tb\ ]TtX `ntXm abn.
15. k ambpPy ]Zhow {]m]vt\mXn
ap\nZp`w.
cmatI Nnap\nt{ijvT apntctIXn
Nntc.
16. tINnXv Xzmma`P\mXvImiyw
Xmtcm]tZiXx
At\y Xp kmwJy tbmtK\ `ntbm
tK\Nm]tc.
Hmtcm imJbvpw Hmtcm D]\njpapv. Ah
bnse Hcp thZhmIysanepw Fn `ntbmSp IqSn
]Tnp B a\\ioecmb ap\namp t]mepw
Zp`amb Fs kmbqPy]Zw {]m]npp.
l\pam ]dp. tl cma, Nne ap\nt{ijv Tm
{]m]yambXp apn Hpam{Xtabpq. Fv A`n{]mbsSpp. Nne A bpsS \ma`P\w sIm pw,
apNne Iminbn XmcIat{m]tZimepw thsd
Nne kmwJytbmKw sImpw A]cm `ntbmK
mepw apn {]m]npp. Fp ]dbpp.

17. At\y thZm hmIym hnNmcmXv

]cajbx
kmtemIymZnhn`mtK\ NXp [mapncocnXm.
ap Nne aljnam thZm hmIymhnNmc
mepw apnsb {]m]npp. kmtemIyw XpSn
apn \mep hn[apsv A`n{]mbapv.
Pohmmhv ]cammhn ]qambn hnebncpp
XmWv. ssIheyapn. hnjvWp temIw {]thinpI.
Atlns ASpncnpI. Atlns cq]s
kZm [ym\npsImncnpI. HSphn B cq]s kZm
[ym\npsImncnpI. HSphn B cq]n ebn
pI. Fns\ tamn\v \mehmt`Zfpv.
AhbmWv kmtemIy, kmao]y, kmcq], kmbqPy.
cq][ym\n Cs\ Aev ] mev ] ambn Dbv
`m kmbqPyw {]m]npp. cmaa{wsImv Cu

682

I \mehtbbpw {]m]nmw. kmbqPyw XsbmWv ssI

18. ktlmhmN {iocmax
ssIhey apntcssIh ]mcamn
Icq]nWo
ZpcmNmctXm hm]nama`P\mXvIt].
19. kmtemIy apn am]vt\mXn \Xp temIm
Imiyw Xp {_\mtfkvan artXmamc
tam]v\pbmXv.

25. sskh kmbpPy apnx kymZv {_m\Ico

inhm NXphn[m Xpbm apn aZp]mk
\bm`thXv

20. ]p\cmhrn clnXmw apnw

{]m]vt\mXn am\hx
b{X Iq{Xm]n hm Imiymw actW
k atlizcx

AXpXsbmWv {_m\ {]Zhpw kpawKfZm

bIhpw BbkmbqPyapn. Cu \mephn[nep
`nbpw Fs D]mk\sImp e`npp.

heyw.

{iocma ]dp bYmn ssIheyapn

Hp am{Xta Dp. Zqhr\mbmepw Ah Fs
\ma`P\w sImv kmtemIyapnsb {]m]npp.
Ah\v A\ytemI {]m]vIn thn hcpn. Cu {_
\mf`qXamb Iminbn hv AyImev Fs XmcI
a{w {Klnph ]p\PclnXamb apnsb
{]m]npp. Iminbn FhnsS hv Ncaw{]m]nmepw
Ah atlizc\mbnocpp.

21. Ptm ZnW It Xp amcw

kap]mZntiXv
\nqXmtij ]m ]utLmamcq]yw
`PXybw.
Fs XmcIa{w {]mWnbpsS heXpsNhnbn
tInpI. B {]mWn kh]m]hn\np\mbn
Fs kmcq]ys {]m]npIXs sNpw.

22. sskh kymtemIy kmcq]y

apncnXy`n[obtX
kZmNmcctXm `qXzm ZzntPm \nXya\\y[ox
23. abnkhmtI `mthm amao]yw `PXybw
sskh kmtemIy kmcq]y kmao]ym
apncnjytX.
kmtemIy kmcq]yapn Fp ]dbsSpv
AXpXsbmIpp. k ZmNmc\ncX\mbn ov
khmI\mb Fn \nesImv A\\ykvI\mbn
AxIcWs kanp {_mlva W Fs
kmao]ys {]m]npp. AXp XsbmWv kmtemIy
kmcq]y kmao]yapn Fp ]dbsSpXv.

24. Kpcp]ZnjvSamtW [ymb a{Zq]ahybw

ambqPyw ZznPx karKv`tPZv {`aIoShXv.

Kpcp D]tZin amn IqSn Ahybamb Fs

cq]s icnbmbhn[w [ym\np sImv {_mW
{`aIoS\ymtb\ thmf kzw Iqn Hcp ]pgphns\
sImphp shpp. Ipdp\mfpIv tijw
AXn \nv hcpXv ]pgph. asmcp thmf\mav cma
a{cq]m ]pXnb krjvSnbmhpp. Fs kmbqPy
s {]m]npp.

26. Cbw ssIhey apnkvXp tIt\m]mtb\

knyXn amWv UqIytaItahmew
apapqWmw hnaptb
l\pam ]dp: `Khms\ Cu ssIhey apn
e`nphm\p D]mbsamWv?
{iocma ]dp_ apappv apnmbnv
amWvUptIym]\njXv Hpam{Xw aXnbmIpw.

27. XYm]yknw tNvRm\w Ztim]\njmZw

m\w e_v[zmNncmtZh amaIw
[ma bmkykn.
AXpsImv m\w e`nnsn Ztim]\nj
pI ]TnpI. Cu ]T\m m\w e`nv ANn
tcW Fs [mas {]m]npXmWv.

28. XYm]n ZrVXm t\m tNZv hnm

\kymRvPkm
kpZZzm{Xnw imtJym]\njZw
ka`yky \nhb
cma\ ]dp: Fnpw hnm\w ZrVambn
sn tl ARvP\mP, apncp]\njpI
\t]mse A`yknv tams {]m]nmepw.

29. hntZl apmhnm tNZjvtSmciXw ]m

Xmkmw {Iaw \imnw N irWp
hyman XzXx
hntZlapnbmWv B{Klsan \qn Fv D]\n
jpI ]TnpI. AhbpsS bYm{Iaw Rm ]dbw.

30. CuitI\ IT {]iv\apWvU

amWvUqIyncnx
sFXtcbw N OmtmKyw _rlZm
cWyIw XYm

683

Cuimhmkyw, tI\w, Imw, {]iv\w, apWvU Iw,

amWvUqIyw, ssXncobw, sFXtcbw, OmtmKyw,
_rlZmcWyIw.

31. {_ssIhey Pm_metizXmtizm

lwk Bcp
WxKt`m \mcmbtWm lwtkm _np
\mZincxinJm.
{_w, ssIheyw, Pm_mew, tizXmizXcw, lwkw,
BcpWoIw, K`w, alm\mcmbWw. ]ca lwkw,
{__np, AarX\mZw, AYhincw, AYh inJw.

32. ssa{XmbWo IujoXIo _rlm

_meXm]\o
Imemncp{Zssat{Xbo kp_mep
cna{nIm.
ssa{XmWn, IujoXIn {_mWw, _rlPvQm
_mew, \rknwl]qhXm]n\n, \rknwtlmcXm]n\n,
Imemncp{Zw, ssat{Xbo, kp_mew, pcnIw, am{nIw.

37. kmhn{Xymm ]mip]Xw ]cw {_mh

[qXIw
{Xn]pcmX]\w tZho{Xn]pcm IT`mh\
lrZbw IpWvUeo `kva cp{ZmIv, KW Zi\w
kmhn{Xn, Bw, ]mip]X{_w, ]c{_w,
Ah[qXw, {Xn]pcXm]n\n, tZhn, {Xn]pcw, Iwcp{Z, `mh\,
cp{Z lrZbw tbmKIpWvUen\o, `kvaPm_mew, cp{Zm
Pm_mew, KW]Xn, Zi\w.

38. XmckmacalmhmIy ]{_mn

tlm{XIw
tKm]meX]\w IrjvWw bmhIyw
hcmlIw.
Xmckmcw, almhmIyw ]{_w, {]mWmn
tlm{Xw, tKm]me]qhXm]n\n, tKm]mtemtXm]n\n)
IrjvWw, bmhevIyw hcmlw.

33. khkmcw \ncmew_w clkyw h{PkqNnIw

tXtPm\mZm[ym\
hnZymtbmKXzmt_m[Iw.

39. imSymb\ lb{Kohw Zmt{Xbw N KmcpUw

khkmcw, \ncmew_w, ipIclkyw, h{PkpNnIw,

tXtPm _np, \mZ_np, [ym\_np, {_hnZy,
tbmKXzw, B{]t_m[Iw.

imSymb\obw, lb{Kohw, Zmt{Xbw, KmcpUw,

Ien kcWw, Pm_men, ku`mKyevan, _lzrNw,
apnIw.

34. ]cnhv]mSv {XninJo koXm NqUm\nh

hmWaWvUew
ZnWm ic`w kvIw alm\mcmb
Wmlzbw.

40. GhtajvtSmciXw `mh\m{Xb\mi\w

\mcZ ]cp{hPIw, {XninJn {_mlvaWw, koX, tbmKNqUmaWn, \nhmWw, aWvUe{_mWw, ZnWmaqn, ic`w, kvIw, {Xn]mZzn`qXnalm \mcmbWw.
AZzbXmcIw.

35. clkyw cmaX]\w hmkptZhw N apZvKew

imWvUneyw ss]wKew `np
almcocIw inJm.
cmaclkyw ({iocma]qhXm]n\n) {iocmtamcXm
]n\n) hmkptZhw, apZvKew, imWvUneyw, ss]wKew,
`npIw, alw, imcocIw, tbmKinJw.

36. XpcobmXoXk\ymk ]cn{hmPm

amenIm Ahy
ssImcw ]qmeqcym
[ymIpWvUnIm.
(XpcobmXoXw, kymkw, ]calwk ]cn{hmPIw,

AamenIw, Ahyw, GImcw, A]qm,

kqcym, An, Aymw, IpWvUnIw.

IenPm_men ku`mKyclkyENapnIm

m\sshcmKyw ]pwkmw hmk\m{Xb

\mi\w
C{]Imcw \qn Fv D]\njpI Dv. Ch`m
h\m{Xb\miIhpw, m\sshcmKy{]Zhpw BIp
hbmWv Ch.

41. ]qthmtcjp hnlnXXmn

]pckxcw
thZhnZym{hXkv\mXtZinIky apJmzbw
42. KrloXzmjvtSmciXw tb ]Tn
ZzntPmamx
{]mc_v[ b]cyw Pohapm
`hn tX
Cu Hmtcm D]\njnsbpw BZyhkm\fn
AXXns imn]mT tNnpv. AhtbmSpIqSn
{_mWt{ijv T Cu \qnsbv D]\njpIfpw,
thZhnZym{hXkv\mXI\mbncnp Kpcphns apJp
\npw ]Tnm Ahs kwkmctimIw apgph\pw
\inv PohapmcmIpp.

684

I 43.

XXx ImehimtZh {]mc_vt[ Xp

bw KtX
sshtZlow amaIow apnw bmn
\mkvXy{X kwibx

XpSv Ime{Ian {]mc_v[bw DmIp

tm Ah FtmSp tNv hntZlapn {]m]np
p. CXv imclnXamIpp.

44. kthm]\njmZw aty kmcajvtSm

cw iXw
kIrhWamt{XW khmLuL
\nIr\w
Fm D]\njpIfnepw hv kmc`qXfmb \qn
Fv D]\njpI Hcp {]mhiysanepw {ihnm
kh ]m]fpw CmXmIpp.

45. atbm]ZnjvSw injymb Xp`yw ]h\\\

CZw imkv{Xw abmZnjvSw KplyajvtSm
cwiXw
46. mtXmm\tXm ]TXmw_ tamNIw
cmPyw tZbw [\w tZbw bmNXx Imacq]Ww
47. CZajvtSmciXw \ tZbw bky Iky NnXv
\mkvX nImb IrXLv\mb ZpcmNmc
cXmb ssh
48. aZv`n hnapJmbm]nimkv{XK
tjp aplytX
Kpcp`nhnlo\mb ZmXhy \ IZmN\
{iocma ]dp: tl hmbp]p{X, injy\mb
\n\p Rm D]tZin clkyamb Cu \qn Fv
D]\njpI Adntm AdnbmsXtbm ]Tnp
hv Ah _tamNIambn `hnpp. A`nemj]q
nv [\w, cmPyw Fnh Zm\w sNmhpXmWv.
Fm \qn Fv D]\njpIfpw Fmhpw
sImSpmhpX. hntijnpw \mkvXnI\pw IrXLv\
\pw ZpcmNmcXXv]c\pw aZ`n hnlo\\pw Akmb
imkv {XKfn ]Xnv tamlnp t]mbh\pw,
Kpcp`nbnmh\pw sImSpsSmhpX.

49. tkhm]cmb injymb lnX]p{Xmb amcptX

aZv` mb kpioemb Ipeo\mb kpta[tk
50. kayIv ]coy ZmXhytahajv t Smcw
iXwbx ]tTrWpbmZzm]n k amtaXn \ kwibx
XtZX ZrNm`ypw
Atbm amcptX, tkhmXXv] c\mb injy\pw
lnXImcnbmb ]p{X\pw Fs `\pw kpioe\pw

Ipeo\\pw _pnam\pw Bb injys\ icnbmbn

]conXn\p tijw am{Xw Cu \qn Fv D]\njp
I D]tZinmw. D]\njpI tIpItbm
]TnpItbm sNph Fss {]m]npp.
kwiban. CXv Ipdnp thZhmIyapv.

51. hnZym l ssh {_mWamPKma

tKm]mb am tih[njv tS lakvan.
AkqbImbm\rPth iTmb
am am {_qbm hocyhXo XYm kymbw
52. btah hnZym{ipXa{]aw
ta[hn\w {_Ncym]]w
Xkva m Camap]mkmb kayIv
]coy ZZymssZzjvWhoam\njvTmw
Hcn hnZy {_mWs\ kao]nv C{]Imcw
]dp: Av Fs clkyambn cnWw. At
bv v Rm Hcp \n[nkam\amb \nt]amWv. Akq
bmep, h{I_pn, iT Fnhv Fs Hcnepw
Zm\w sNcpXv Fn am{Xta Rm Fspw
hncyhXnbmbn \nesImpIbpq.
hnZym{ipX\pw ta[mhnbpw A{]a\pw {_
\njvTm\ncX\pw Bb GsXmcp hyn D]tZie_v[n
mbn kao]nptm Ahs\ \Xpt]mse ]con
Xn\ptijta Ah\v sshjvWhamb Cu BhnZy
\Imhq.

cma[ymbw
1.

XYm ssl\w {iocmaN{w amcpXnx

]{]tIbw
hm Xnnx knym hmInw {]tbmP\anXn
ktlmhmN {iocmax ]pcpjky
IrXz t`mrXz
kpJZpxJmZneWn [x
ticq]XzmZv
_tm `hXn Xntcm[\w Pohapnx
D]m[nhn\npLSmImihXv
{]mc_v [bm
ZzntZlapnx Poh apn hntZl
aptmcjv tSm
citXm]\njZx {]amWw
IrXzmZnZpxJ
\nhrnZmcm \nXym\mhm]vXn
{]tbmP\w `hXn
XXv]pcpi{]bXv \kmyw `hXn
bYm]p{XImta

685

jvSn\m ]p{Xw hmWnPymZn\mhnw

tPymXn jvtSmta\
kzw XYm ]pcpj{]bXv\ kmy
thZm {ih
WmZn P\nXkam[n\m PohapymZn
emt`m `hXn
khhmk\mbmm`x
l\pam {iocmaN{t\mSp tNmZnp. `Khmt\,
Pohapn Fm FmWv? hntZlapn Fm?
AXn\p {]amWw FmWv? Fs\bmWv AhbpsS
knn DmIpXv? B knnsImp {]tbmP
\sav?
{iocma ]dp ]pcpjs IrIXzt`mrXz
kpJZpxJmZncq]amb Nn[w ticq]ambXn\m
AXp _amIpp. AXns \ntcm[amWv Pohapn.
D]m[n hn\npamb LSmImiw t]mse {]mc_v[
bmepmIpXmWv hntZlapn. Pohapnpw
hntZlapnpw {]amWw \qn Fv D]\njpI
IrXzmZnZpxJ\nhrn aptJ\ e`np \nXym\
{]m]vXnbmWv {]tbmP\w. AXv ]pcpj{]bXv\XXm
t\SWw. ]p{XImtajvSnsImv ]p{X\pw hmWnPym
hnhpw PmXjv tSmaw F bmKm kzhpw
ssIhcpXpt]mse ]pcpj{]bXv\ kmyamIp
thZm {ihWmZnIfm e`np km[nbm Poh
apn XpSnbh kmnpp. khhn[amb hmk\
Ifpw bnXn\ptijw am{Xsa Ah kpkm[yamhp
Ibpp.

A{X tmIm `hXn

1.

Dmkv{Xwimkv{XnXw tNXn ]ucpjw

Zznhn[w aXw
Xt{Xmmkv{Xa\mb ]cammb
imkv{XnXw

imkv{XewL\w imkv{Xm\pkmcnbmb {]h\w

Fv ]ucpjw sImv (]pcpj{]bXv\w) cv hn[apv.
A hbn imk v { XewL\w A\{]m]v X npw
imkv{Xm\pkmcnbmb {]h\w ]camem`n\pw
tlXphmIpw.

AY tNZipt`m `mhkvXzmw
tbmPbXn ktS
tl amcptX, hmk\m kaqlw ip`sapw, Aip`
sapw cphn[apv . Ahbn \o hniphmk\
Ifm \bnsSpIbmsWn AXpsImp Xs
{ItaW \o Fs ]Zs {]m]npw. t\sc adnv Aip
`hmk\IfmemWv \o \bnsSpsXn \o
kSntemWv \bnsSpXv.

5.

{]m\kvXZu bXv\tPXthym `hXm It]

ip`mip`m`ymw amm`ymw hlo
hmk\mkcnXv

6.

]ucptjW {]bXvt\\ tbmP\obm

ipt`]Yn
Aipt`jp kamhnjvSw ipt`tjzhm
hXmctbXv

Atbm, amcptX A\mZnbmb Cu hmk\sb \o

{]bXv\m PbntWw. ipt`jzhmhXmctbXv
Atbm, amcptX A\mZnbmb Cu hmk\sb \o
{]bXv\m PbntWw. ip`mip`amfn IqSn
kcnpsImncnp hmk\m\Znsb ]ucpjm
\o ip`amn IqSn \bntWw. Aip`kamhn
jvSamb Cu hmk\mkaqls ip`amn Xs
AhXcnnWw thWw.

7.

Aip`mmenXw bmXn ip`w XkvamZ]oXcXv

]ucptjW {]bXvt\\ emetb
Nn_meIw

hmk\ Aip`amn\ \npw amsv ip`am

ntev kcnWw. AXn \np atXnepw
{]thinnpp. NnamIp _mes\ ]pcpj{]
bXv\w sImv innX\mWw.

8.

{KmK`ymkhimZymXn bZm tX hmkt\mZbw

XZm`ymkky km^eyw hnn Xzacna\x

2. temImhkm\bm Ptm imkv { Xmhmk\

bm] n N tZ l h m k \ bm] n N tZ h m k \ bm
m\w bYmhssh PmbtX.

Atbm i{Xpa\, A`ymk\m \n\v

ip`amb hmk\ DZbw sNptm \ns A`ymkw
k^eambn Fp \o a\nemWw.

{]mWnIv temIhmk\sImpw icnbmb

m\w knnpn.

9.

3.

XXv{ItaWmip tXss\h amaIw

]Zmam]v\ plp

Zznhnt[m hmk\mhyqlxip`sship`Xu
hmk\utL\ ipt X{X tNZ\pkobtk

knKvZmbma]n `riw ip`mtah kamNc

ip`bmw hmk\mhru \ tZmjmb acppX

tl amcptX, ip`mip` GXmsWp knKv

mk`nepw IqSn ip`hmk\mhrnbn tZmjan.

686

I 10.

hmk\mb hnm\at\m\mi almatX

kaImew Nncm`ykvXm `hn ^eZm aXmx

Atbm almatX, hmk\bw, hnm\w, at\m\miw Fnh hfscmew Hnv A`yknXn\ptijw

am{XamWv ^e{]ZfmbnocpXv. Cmcyw kk
Xamb ImcyamWv.

11.

{Xb Ghw kaw bmhm`ykvXm

]p\x ]p\x
Xmh ]Zkw{]m]vXn`hXy]n kamissXx

Cu hmk\m{Xbw \nccw A`ykvXamImXncnp

tm Imew \qmpI sImp t]mepw ]ctam
X]Zw ssIhcpX.

12. GssIItim \ntjhyt btZytX

Nnca]yew
X knw{]bn amx konXm Ch
Ch Hmtcmmbnv hfscmew ]cnioensm
Xsbpw lrZbkv]ianmsX ko\w sNs
a{w Ft]mse knnsb {]Zm\w sNpn.

13. {Xn`ntcssXncm`ykvssXlrZb {Ktbm

ZrVmx\nxitah{XpSn_nk
tZmZvKpWm Ch
Ch aqpw Nncm`ykvXfmbXpsImv, _nktZw
sImp Xp s]mntmIpXpt]mse, ZrV
emb lrZb{KnI imclnXambn XIcm CSbm
Ipw.

14. PmciXm`ykvXm anYym kwkmchmk\m

km Nncm`ymk tbmtK\ hn\m\
obt IzNnXv

AXn\m hnZzmm hmk\mbpamb a\ns\

_sapw a\nempp. Fm hmk\Isf \
Xpt]mse XyPnnp a\v apsap ]dbsSpp.
Atbm amcptX, \o thKw Xs a\ns hmk\mc
lnXamb `mhss B{ibnpI.

17. kaymKmtemN\mXymZzmk\m {]hoenbtX

hmk\mhnetb tNXx iaambn Zo]hXv
kayIvZi\w kXyw Fnhbm hmk\ \inp
p. hmk\m\mim a\v Zo]w AWp t]mIp
Xpt]mse ias {]m]npp.

18. hmk\mw kw]cyXyP abn Nnam{Xhn{Ktl

bkvX njvTXn KXhy{Kx tkmlw knXv
kpJmIx
hmk\Isf \t]mse ]cnXyPnv KXhy{K\mbn
Nnam{Xhn{Kl\mb (m\am{Xkzcq]\mb) Fn
BcmtWm nXn sNpXv Ah knZm\\mZkzcq
]\mbn `hnpp.

19. kam[naY ImcymWn am ItcmXp ItcmXp hm

lrZtbmkthhm ap Gthmamibx
Cu ]Zw e`nXn\ptijw kam[n{Inbbpw I
fpw sNpItbm sNmXncnpItbm BImw. lrZb
n ian khm`nemjtfmSpIqSnbh\pw Dami
b\pamb Ah ap\mbns `hnpp.

20. ss\jv I tyW\Xkymkym

tmkv Xn\
I`nx\ kkm[\mPm]m`ymw bky
\nhmk\w a\x

PmcmiXm`ykvX amb, AbYmamb B

kwkmchmk\ NncImem`ymkw CmsX HcnSpw b
s {]m]npn.

hmk\mclnX\mbncnph\v ss\jv I yw
sImtm Isfsmtm bmsXmcp {]tbmP\hp
an. kam[nsImtm P]mZnI sImv Ah\v bmsXmcp
Imcyhpan.

15. Xkva mXv kuay{]bXvt\\ ]ucptjW

hnthIn\m
t`mtKmw ZqcXkvXyzm {Xbtah
kam{ib

21. kwXyhmk\mau\mZrtX
\mkvXypaw Zw
hmk\mclnXamb au\amWv Daw.
AXnt\m t{ijvSamb thsd ]Zan.

tl kuay, hnthInbmb ]pcpj\v ]ucpjm

t`mtKsb XyPnv hmk\mbw hnm\w at\m
\miw Fnhsbs B{ibnWw.

22. hmk\mlo\ at]yX NpcmZo{nbw kzXx

{]htX _lnx kzmt
hmk\mam{XImcWw

16. XkvamZzmk\bmbpw at\m _w

hnZp_p[x
kayKzmk\bmXyw apanXy`o[n
btXat\m\nhmk\\o`mhamNcmip
almIt]

hmk\mlo\amb Ahbnepw NpcmZnIfmb

C{nb kzm`mhnIambn _mlyamb kzhnjbfn
{]h\ \ncX\mIpw. A h hmk\mam{Xbm
DmIpXv tZmjtlXpf.

687

I 23.

AbXvt\m]\tXjzn ZrKv{Zthyjp
bYm ]p\x
\ocmKtah ]XXn XZzXvImtcyjp [oc[nx

BbmkanmsX ZrjvSnp hnjbo`hn ZrKznjb

fn t\t{X{nbw cmKclnXambn ]XnpXpt]mse
bXnhcy Imcysf A`napJoIcnpp.

24. `mhkwhnXv{]ISnXma\pcq]m N amcptX

NntkymXv] yp]camwhmk\w
ap\tbmhnZpx
tl amcptX ]Zmt_m[m DmIpXpw
]Zm kzcq]hpw Nnns D]np {][m\
tlXpambmXmWv hmk\sbv ap\namam ]dbpp.

25. ZrVm`ymkvX]ZmssI `mh\mZXn

New
Nnw kwPmbtX PPcmacW ImcWw
hmk\bpsS ZrVm`ykvXamb hnjb`mh\bn
\nv AXnNehpw PaPcmacWp ImcWhp
amb Nnw `hnpp.

26. hmk\mhiXx {]mWkv]\kvt X\

N hmk\m
{InbtX Nn_oPky tX\_oPmpc{Iax hmk\mthKn sImv {]mWkv]\hpw {]mWkv ]\
m hmk \bpw D mIpp. C Xp c pamWv
Nn_oPnsbpw, Nnmpcnsbpw {Iaw.

27. tZz _otP Nnhrky {]mWkv]

\hmkt\
GIkvanw Xtbmx otW n{]w tZz
A]n\iyXx
ta ]dbs NnamIp hrns cp
_oPfmb {]mWkv]\w, hmk\, Chbn Hp
oWnptm Xs thKw \inpp.

28. AwKhyhlmcXzmZv`h`mh\h\mXv
icoc\miZinXzmkmZ\m \ {]htX
hmk\mkw]cnXymKmnw KXyNnXm
AkwK hyhlmcw sImpw (AXmXv, Xn
\npw hyncnamb kwkmc`mh\sb hPnp
Xnepw icocw \izcamsWp Zi\nepw Nnw
{_abambncnWanpp.

29. Ahkmk\XzXXw bZm \ a\ptX a\x

Aa\kvXm XtZmtZXn ]ctam]ia{]Zmamb
at\mhnebw kw`hnpp.

30. AhypXv]a\m bmhZv `hm\m

XXXv ]Zx
Kpcpimkv{ X{]amkv s sWkvX p\noXw
XmhZmNmcw

\o AhypXv]aXnbmbpw XXv] Zm\clnX

\mbpw CcnpnStmfw Imew kZvKpcp imkv{X
{]amW Fnhbm \nbnsnp Imcy
sNpI.

31. XXx ]IzIjmtbW \q\w hnmX

hkv Xp\m
ipt`m]ykuXzbm XymtPm hmk\mtLm
\ncm[n\m
\n\v Xzm\t_m[apmbm hnm\XhkvX phmIp ]IzIjmbm ip`hmk\Isfbpw
\nZyZpxJ\nhr\mb \o Dt]nWw.

32. Zznhn[nm\mtimkvXnkcqt]mcq] GhN

Pohapx kcq]x kymZcqt]m tZlapnKx
Nn\miw kcq]sapw Acq]sapw cphn[
apv. Pohapnbn kzcq]Nn\mihpw hntZl
apnbn Acq]\mihpw kw`hnpp.

33. Aky \mianZm\ow Xzw ]mht\

irWp kmZcw
Nn\mim`n[m\mw ln bZm tX
hnZytX ]p\x
34. ssa{XymZn`n KpssWbpw Pohap
kyXa\x
Atbm amcptX, Nn\misn \o k{iw
{ihnpI. Pohapamb \nhnIev]kam[nbn
\maam{Xamb Nn\miw (kcq]Nn\miw) DmIp
tm ssa{Xn XpSnb KpWtfmSp IqSnb B Nnw
imnsb {]m]npp. AXn kwiban. Ahs
(Pohaps) a\v ]p\PclnXambnocpp.

35. kcqt]mkuat\m\mtim Poh

apkyhnZytX
Acq]kvXp at\m\mtim sshtZln
apntKm`thXv
Poh ap\v kcq]hpw hntZlap\v Acq]
hpamb at\m\mi kw`hnpp.

36. kl{kmpcimJm^e]himen\x
Aky kwkmchrky at\maqeanZw
nXw
Bbncw ApctfmSpw imJItfmSpw ^e]h
tfmSpw IqSnb Cu kwkmchrns thcmWv a\v.

688

I 37.

kev] Gh Xat\y kevt]m

]ita\ XXv
timjbmip bYm timjtaXn
kkwkmc]mZx

kwkmchrw kev]w am{XamsWp Rm

hnNmcnpp. Fs\bmbm kwkmchrw timjn
nphm Ignbptam A{]Imcw kevt]miaw sImv
\o AXns\ hfsc thKw timjnnpI.

38. D]mb GI GhmkvXn a\kx kzky \n{Ktl

a\k`ypZtbm \mtim at\m\mtim atlmZbx
Xs at\m\n{Kln\v D]mbw Hpam{XamIpp.
a\ns DZbw \mihpw a\ns a\ns \miw
atlmZbhpamIpp.

39. at\m \miat`ymXn at\m

kylnirwJe
m\nbpsS a\v \inpp. Fm Am\n
bpsS a\v _\nep irwJebmIpp.

40. Xmhoinh thXmfhevKXn lrZn hmk\x

GIXzZrVm`ymkmZymh hnPnXw a\x
[ym\w, [mcW FnhIfm {_Xzns ZrV
amb A`ymkw F{Xtmfw Imew cm{Xnbn thXmf
Ft]mse lrZbn hmk\I NmSnfn
pp.

41. {]ZoW NoZky \oKrlo

tX{nbZznjx
]Zvan\y Ch tlat obt
t`mKhmk\mx
Nnmlmcm ITn\ambn oWnv C{nb
fmIp i{Xpsf ASnbh\v t`mKhmk\I
tlaImense XmacsmbvI I F t]mse
\inpp.

42. lkvX wlkvtX\ kw]oUy ZssZm

hnNq N AwKm\ywssKx kam{Iay
PtbmZmZu kzIw a\x
ssIIfn sRcnpw, ]pIfm ]pIsf s]mSn
pw AwKfm AwKsf B{Ianpw BZyw kzIo
bamb a\ns\ PbntXm

43. D]hntiym]hniyImw NntI\

aplpplpx
\ iIytX at\m tPXpw hn\m
bpna\nnXmw
NnI\v H Ccpn Ccpv hopw hopw A\n

nXamb bpnsbAhew_nmsX a\ns\ Pbnp

hm kmya.

44. Apti\ hn\m atm bYm ZpjvSaXwKPx

AymhnZym[nKax {]mWkv]\ntcm[\w
45. hmk\mkw]cnXymKx {]mWkv]\ntcm[\w
GXmkvXm bpbx ]pjvSm kn
NnPtbIne
aZbm\sb \nb{nphm Apiw A{]Imcw a\
ns\ Pbnphm Aymt_m[w k\ kwkw
hmk\m]cnXymKw {]mWkv]\\ntcm[w Fo kp
jvSfmb bpnI A]cnXymPfmWv.

46. kXnjvT bpntjXmkp ]nTmnbansb

tNXtkm Zo]aprPhnNn\zXtamRvP ss\x
bpnI D Ahbn _eambn a\ns\
\nba\w sNm Xp\nbph Zo]s Dt]ntijw Am\wsImv Ccpns\ At\zjnp
hcmWv.

47. hnaqVmx IpapZypm tblTm

Xtkm Pbw
tX \n_v\n \mtK{apaw
_nkXp`nx
_emmtcW at\mPb\pZypcmIp
aqVm Xmachfbw sImv aZbm\sb _nphm
{ianpIbmWv.

48. tZz _otP Nnhrky hrnhrXXn

[mcnWx
GIw {]m]cnkv] tm ZznXobw ZrV`mh\m
hrnIfmIp eXIsf [cnp NnamIp
hrns hnpI cmIpp. Hv {]mW]cnkv]
\hpw cmatXv ZrV`mh\bpamIpp.

49. kkmlnkhKXmkwhnXv {]mWkv]t\

NmeytX
NnssIm{KymZytXm m\apw
kap]PmbtX
khKXambncnp Nnw {]mWkv]\m
Nenpp. {]mWmbmam NnNe\imnbpw
Nnns GIm{KX sImv {_m\hpw e`n
pp.

50. Xm[\atYm [ym\w bYmhZp]cniytX

hn\m]yhnIrXnw Ir\mwkw`h
XyXyb{IamXv
]cninjvSw N Nnam{Xw NnZm\w hnNnb

689

XpSv km[Iambncnp [ym\s Rm D]tZ

inp Xcmw. kakvXhnImcsfbpw krjvSnp hn]coX
amb {Ian hnebnnnv Hmtcm hnImcsbpw AX
Xns A[nIcWn hnebnnWw Ahkm\w
]cntijnp Nnam{Xhpw NnZm\hpambXzs
[ym\npI.

57. ZrV`mh\bmXyIX ]qhm]chnNmcWw

bZmZm\w ]Zmky hmk\m km {]Ion CXv
Dv F Dd`mh\bm ]qhm]chnNmc clnXamb
hkvXp{KlWamWv hmk\.

51. A]mt\kv XwKtX {]mtWmbmhm`yp

ZntXmlrZn
Xmhm Ipw`Imhm
tbmKn`nbm\p`qbtX

58. `mhnXw Xo{hkwthKmZm\m btZh kx

`hXymip I]nt{ijvT hnKtXXchmk\x

]m\ Akv X anpIbpw lrZbmImi n

{]mW DZbw sNmXncnpIbpw sNp Ah
bmWv Ipw`Imh. tbmKnIfn CXv DmIpp.

tl I]nt{ijvT Xo{hamb kwthKm GsXm

mtWm Bmhn DmIpXv AXp XsbmWv hnK
tXXchmk\\mb Ah.

52. _lnckvXwKtX {]mtW bmhm

]m\ DZvKXx
XmhXv]qmw kamhmw _lnjvTw
Ipw`Iw hnZpx

59. XmZr{Kqt]m ln ]pcptjm hmk\mhnh

ioIrXx
kw]iyXn ssZsshXXv
kZzkvXnhnXnhnaplyXn

_mlymImin AXmbXv \mknIbvp shfnbn

embn ZzmZimwKpe]cnanXamb BImin {]mW
AkvXanpIbpw A]m\ DZbw sNmXncnpIbpw
sNp ]qamb kamh _mlyIpw`Iw Fdnb
sSpp.

A m\ \ncmk w k w`hnh\msWnepw
]pcpj hmk\bm ]chi\mbn FtmgmtWm CXv
kzkv Xp F\p ImWpXv Atm Ah hntamln
bmIpp.

53. {_Imcat\mhrn{]hmtlmlw
IrXnwhn\m
kw{]mXkam[nxkymym\m`ymk
{]IjXx
A\famb {_[y\m\nep Almc cln
Xamb {_mImcat\mhrn{]hmls kw{]mX
kam[n Fp ]dbpp.

54. {]imhrnIw Nnw ]cam\ZmbIw

Akw{]mX\mambw kam[n
tbmKn\mw {]nbx
{]imamb hrnIfpXpw ]cam\kmbI
hpamb Nnw XsbmWv tbmKnIp {]nbamb Akw
{]mXkam[n

55. {]`miq\yw a\xiq\yw _pniq\yw

NnZmIw
AXZvh ymhrncqt]mku
kam[nap\n`mhnXx
{]`miq\yhpw a\xiq\yhpw _pniq\yhpw
(Ahm{XbclnXw) NnZmIhpamWv ap\namcmev `mhn
Xamb knnbmWv AXZvhymhrn.

Duz]qhpw A[x]qhpw a[y]qhpw

kh]cntZclnXhpw inhmIhpw kmmXv thtZm
hpamb ]canImkam[n CXp XsbmIpp.

60. hmk\mthKsshNNnXymXv kzcq]w

\PlmXnXXv
{`mw ]iyXn XrjvSnx khw aZhimZnh
]ehn[nep hmk\mhntijm kzcq]
s Dt]npXpsImv Ahs ZrjvSn aZm
Ft]mse Fmw {`amIambn ImWpp.

61. hmk\m Zznhn[m t{]mm ipm N

aen\m XYm
aen\m PatlXpx kymXv ipm
P hn\min\o
hmk\ aen\sapw ipsapw cp hn[apv.
aen\hmk\ PatlXphpw iphmk\ Phn\mi
IhpamIpp.

62. Am\kpLm\mIImc L\mlwImc

imen\n
]p\Ico t{]mm aen\m hmk\m
_pss[x
]p\mpcw Xyzm nXnx
kw`rjvS _oPhXv
aen\hmk\ ARvP m\n_hpw L\mlwImc
imen\nbpw ]p\PImcnWnbpw BsWv hnZzmm
]dncnpp. hdp amhns nXnbmWv iphm
k\bvpXv.

690

I 63.

_lpimkv{XIYmImtcmat\
hrssYh
Inw? At\zjvN hpw {]bXvt\\
amcptX tPyXn cmcw

{]tbmP\anm At\Iw imkv{Xfpw ]pcmW

fpw ]TnXpsImtm XpSscbp kymk thj[m
cWw sImtm FmWv {]tbmP\w? tl amcptX, {ia
m AtPymXnns\bmWv t\zjntXv.

64. Zi\mZit\ lnXzm kzbw tIhecq]Xx

b BkvtX I]nimqe {_ k
{_hnXv kzbw
Zi\mZi\w AXmbXv Aymtcm]hmZ
shSnv tIhew Bkzcq]\mbn hnph
{_hnmbb {_w XsbmIpp.

65. A[oXy NXptcm thZm khimkv{Xm

Wyt\Iix
{_Xzw \ Pm\mXn Zho
]mIckw bYm
]camw Adnbmh \mepthZfpw kh
imkv{Xfpw ]eXhW Ayb\w sNbvXmepw Xhn
F{]Imcw ]mIcks Adnbpntbm A{]Imcw
{_Xzs AdnbpIbn.

66. kztZlmipNnKt\ \ hnctPyX bx ]pam

hncmKImcWw Xky Ina\yp]ZniytX
kzw icocns AipoKm Bicoc
tmSv hncnbpmIm ]pcpj\v thsd sshcmKy
XImcW Fp]tZinpw.

67. AXyaent\m tZtlm tZlo

NmXy\nex
D`tbmccw mXzm Iky iuNw
hn[obtX
tZlw AXyw aen\hpw tZln AXyw \ne
hpamIpp. ChbpsS Acw a\nemnbnv GXn\m
Wp ipNnXzw hn[ntsXv NnnpI.

68. _tm lnhmk\m_tm tamx

kymZzmk\m
bx hmk\mwkw]cnXyPytamm
nXza]nXyP
hmk\m_\mWv _. hmk\mbw Xns
bmWv tamw. hmk\Isf ]cnXyPnv \o Xs B\
aqnbmbn tammnXztbpw Dt]npI.

69. am\kohmk\mx ]qhw Xzm

hnjbhmk\mx
ssa{XymZnhmk\m\mav \ oKrlmWm
aehmk\x

\o BZyambn am\knIamb hnjbhmk\Isf shSn

v Aaehmk\Ifmb ssa{XymZn kZzmk\Isf {Kln
pI.

70. Xm A]yXx ]cnXyP Xm`nhyhlc]n

Ax imx \akvt\tlm `h
Nnam{Xhm\x
Ahbn hyhlcnph\msWnepw A\cw
Ahtbbpw ]cnXyPnv Bcambn ian khm`nemjtfmSpIqSnbh\mbpw Nnam{Xhmk\tbmSpIqSnb
h\mbpw `hnpI.

71. Xma]yY ]cnXyPy at\m_pn ka\znXmw

tijnc kam[mt\m abn Xzw `h amcptX
Atbm l\pamt\, a\v , _pn ChtbmSp
tN AXns\bpw ]cnXyPnv \o _mn hnjb
fnepw Fn [ym\\njvT \mbpw `nbp\mbpw
XocpI.

72. Ai_vZakv] iacq] ahybw

XYm ckw \nXyaKh bXv
A\matKm{Xw aa cq]aoZriw
` Pkz \nXyw ]h\mPmnl
i_vZclnXhpw kv]iclnXhpw Acq]hpw Ahy
bhpw cklo\hpw Fspw KclnXhpw \matam
tKm{Xtam Cm cq]s \nXyhpw `PnpI.

73. Zrin kzcq]w KKt\m]aw ]cw

kIrZzn`mXw hPtaI acw
Ate]Iw khKXw bZZzbw
XthZ Nmlw kIew hnapnZw
Fs kzcq]amIs [ym\nphv In
BImiw t]mse A]cnanXambn ImWsSppw {]`mab
hpw GIhpw \milo\hpw \nt]hpw khKXhpw
AZzbhpw Bbn {]XysSp. tamZmbIamb B
]c{_lvaw XsbmWv Rm.

74. ZrinkvXp iptm lahn{InbmtIm

\tam kvXn InZznjbx kz`mhXx
]pckvXnctm[za[ khXx
kp]qW `qaml anXol `mhb
Rm ip\pw Ahn{InbmI\pamWv. F\nv
kz`mhmXv {]tXyI hnjbsampan. apnepw ]pdIn

691

I epw kh`mKpw Rm kqamb `qamthmSv IqSnb

hs\v a\nempI.

75. AtPm acssh XYm PtcmarXx

kzbw {]`x khKtXm lahybx
\ ImcWw ImcyaXoXy\nex
kssZh Xr]vtXm l anXol `mhb
Rm P\\anmh\pw acWanmh\pw Pcbn
mh\pw arXnbnmh\pw kzbw {]\pw khKX
\pw BWv. ImcWsbpw Imcysbpw AXn{Ianp
h\mWv Rm. Rm kZm Xr]vX\mIpp. Amcyhpw
Hmp sImpI.

76. Pohp]Zw Xyzm kztZtl

ImekmXvI rtX
hniXytZlapXzw ]ht\mkv]Xmanh
Pohaps ]Zw ssIhnv kztZlw ImehiamIp
tm Imv kv]lo\Xsbt]mse Bmhn\v AtZ
lapXzw ssIhcpp.

XtZkZrNmhypw XZznjvt Wmx ]caw ]Zw

kZm]iymn kqcbx Znhnh NpcmXXw II

XZzn{]mtkm hn]\zthm PmKrhmwkx
kantX II
hnjvtWmcyXv ]caw ]Zw II kXyanXyp]\njXv II

B Imcyw En\mepw ]dbsnpv. B hnjvWp

hns ]caamb ]Zs m\nI kZm ImWpp.
tZymhnse t]mse kaambnImWpXpw GIhpw al
pamb B ssNX\ys t_m[aph Ispp.
CXv kXyamIpp.

]qaZx ]qanZw
]qmXv ]qapZNyptX
]qky ]qamZmb
]qtahmhinjytX
(B ]c{_w ]qamWv. Cu kwkmchpw ]qw
Xs ]qamb {_n \nv ]qXzw Xpfpp
kwkmchpw {]h\\ncX\mIpp. kap{Zn \nv
F{X shw tImcnsbSpmepw AXnse shw
AXpt]mse \npXpt]mse {_hpw Fpw
]qambn Ahtijnpp. Hmw XXv kXv).

apZvK-tem-]-\n-jv

imn]mTw
Hmw hmMvta a\kn {]XnjvT nXm at\m ta
hmNn {]Xnjv T nXamhncmhna G[n thZky a
B W o mx {i p X w ta am{] l mk o
Xt\\m[otX\m tlmcm {XmXv kwZ[manEXw
h Z nj y man k X y w h Z nj y man. X m ah X p
XZzmcahXp. AhXpamw AhXphmcw Hmw.
imnx imnx imnx
Fs hmv a\n ncambncns. Fs
a\v hmn ncamIs. kzbw {]Imimmth,
Av Fs apn {]XyamIWta. Atbm at\mhm
WnIsf, \n Fs thZm\n\m[mcamWv.
AXn\m Fs thZm`ymks \inncpXv. Cu
thZm[yb\w sImmWv Rm cmhpw ]Iepw Pohnp
sImncnpXv. Rm am\knIambpw hmNnIambpw

kXyw ]dbpw kXyw Fs cns. hmhns\

cns. Hmw imnx imnx imnx

{]YaJWvU w
1. Hmw ]pcpj kqm \nbw hymJym
kymax]pcpjkwlnXmbmw ]pcpj kqmx
kw{KtlW t{]mNytX. kl{k iotjXy{ck
i_vt Zm\ hmNIx A\tbmP\w {]ml Zimw
Kpe hN\kvX Ym.
]pcpj kqm ]dbsnpff A
\nbw Nnnmw. ]pcpjkwlnXbm AXv Cs\
Npcpn hymJym\nncnpp. "klt{k i_vZns
Aw A\w FmWv A\tbmP\sa A
s Ipdnpp. ZimwKpew F ]Zhpw A\m
IamWv.

692

I 2.

Xky {]Yabm hnjvtWmx tZi tXm hym]vXn

cocnXmx ZznXob bm Nmky hnjvtWmx ImetXm
hym]vXncpNytX

]pcpj kqnse BZys a{m `Khm

hnjvWpkhtZi hym]nbmsWpw ZznXob a{m
Atlw khImehym]nbmsWpw ]dbsp.

3.

hnjvtWm tam {]ZXzw N IYnXw

Xp XrXobbm
GXmhm\ky alnam, FXn\m lcnbpsS
ssh`hw hnp.

4.

GtXss\h N at{W NXphyqtlm

hn`mjnXx
{Xn]mZnXy\bm t{]ma\ncpky ssh`hw.

Cu aqp a{fn IqSnbpw NXp hyqlhpambn

_sncnp `KhXv kzcq]w hnp. "{Xn]mZ'
m NXp hyqlnse A\ncpaqnbpsS
ssh`hw ]dp.

5.

XkvamZzncmUnXy\bm ]mZ\mcmbWmtcx
{]IrtXx ]pcpjkym]n kapXv]nx
{]ZinXm

""XkvamZv hncmSv' FXn\m ]mZ hn`qXncq]amb

\mcmbW\n \npw {]IrXnbpw ]pcpj\pw DZv` hn
Xmbn {]Xn]mZnncnpp.

6.

bXv ]pcptjtWXy\bm krjvS nbx

kaocnXx
k]vXmkymk ]cn[bx kan[ kaocnXmx

"bXv ]pcptjW' FXn\m krjvSnbmIp

bn ]dXn\ptijw "k]v X mkymk'
FXn\m krj v S nbn\pff kan pI
hnpp.

7.

"Xw bmanXn' at{W krjvSn

bPvRx kaocnXx
At\ss\h N at{W tamm
kapZocnXmx

""Xw b'' sa a{m Cu krjv Snsb

nsbpw ]pjvS nsbnbpw apnsbnbpw
{]Xn]mZnp.

8.

""AkvamZnXn'' N at{W PKXv krjvSnx

kaocnXm
""thZmlanXn'' a{m`ymw ssh`hw
IYnXw ltcx
""XkvamZnXn'' F a{m k]vX a{hsc

bpff hnizkrjvSnsbn {]Xn]mZnp. ""thZmlw'' F

Xn\m lcnbpsS ssh`hw ]dbsp.

9.

btt\Xyp]kwlmcx krjv tStamky

tNcnXxb GhtaXZv Pm\mXn kln
aptm `thZnXn.

""bt\'' F a{m krjvSnsbnbpw

apnsbnbpw D]kwlmc cq]n hnncn
pp. Cs\ ]pcpj kqsn Adnnp
ffh Xobmbpw ap\mIpp.

ZznXobJWvU w
1. AY XYm apZvKtem]\njZn. ]pcpj kpky
ssh`hw hnkvX tcW {]Xn]mZnXw hmkptZh
C{mb `KhXv m\ap]Zniy ]p\c]n kqva
{ihWmb {]WXmtb{mb ]caclky`qXw
]pcpj kqm`ymw JWvUZzbm`ymap]mZniXv.
apZvKtem]\njn ]pcpj kqssh`hs
n khnkvXmcw {]Xn]mZnnpv. B kqva PvRm\w
e`nWsapff B{KltmsS hn\b]qhw h
tZth{\v `Khm hmkptZh cp JWvUfnembn
]pcpjkqw D]tZinp.

2. Zzu JWvUmhpw tNymtXtbm b apx k

] p c p tj m \ m \ m c q] m\ m tK mN c w
kwkmcnWmaXn Zptbw hnjbw hnlmb
timZn`nx kwnjvS tZhmZn Pnlojbm kl{k
Iemhbh IeymWw ZrjvSamt{XW tamZm
thjamZtZ tX\ thjW `qaym`ntemIw hym]y
A\tbmP\ aXyXnjvTXv.
]pcpj kqn cp JWvUfpv Ahbn
hnsSp ]pcpj \maw, cq]w, m\w Fn
hbn \nsmw ap\mbXn\m kwkmcmZnIv
Zptb\mWv. AXn\m B ]pcpj {]]nse
PohnIv thn Xs Zptbamb B cq]ap
t]nv ZpxJmZnIfns]pgep tZhmZnIfpsS \I
cpXn A\ Iembpamb cq]w [cnp. B cq]w
Zi\am{Xbn tamw \Ipp. AtX cq]n
Atlw temInemsI hym]nncnpp.

3.

]pcptjm \mcmbtWm `qXw `hyw `hnjym

koXv k Gh kthjmw tam
ZmkoXv k
N khkvam alnavt\m Pymbm Xkvam
tIm]n Pymbm.

hniz krjvSnp apv {XnImemI\mb \mcmb

W am{Xta kz kzcq]n Dmbncppffq. Atlw

693

I alnamXni\mWv. kh PohnIpw tamZ\mWv.

Atln Ihnv Bcpan.

4.

alm ]pcpj Bm\m NXp[m IrXzm {Xn]m

tZ\ ]cta thymav\nNmkoXv. CXtcW
NXpt\ A\ncp \mcmbtW\
hnizm\ymk.

B almmhv kzbw \mep cq]n Bhn`hnp.

Ahbn aqwitfmSp IqSn ]ca thyman hknp.
NXpmwiw A\ncp\mcmbW F t]cn
AdnbsSpp. B \mcmbW XsbmWv {]]w
krjvSnXv.

5. k N ]mZ \mcmbtW, PKXv {kjvSw {]Ir

Xna P\bXv. k karImbx k krjvS nI
\ Pnhm. k karImbx k krjvS n
I \PPv R nhm. tkm \ncp \mcmbW
kvXkvs sa krjvSnap]mZniXv. {_wkvXth{n
bmWn bmPIm\n [ymXzm tImi `qXw ZrVw
{Kn Itfhcw lhn [ymXzm ic`qXpw ckw
[ymssXzhu lpXzm AwKkv]imXv Itfh
tcm h{Pw lojytX. XXx kzImcym kh
{]mWn Pohm krjv S ]m]izm[ymx {]mZp
`hnjyn XXx mhc PwKamIw PKZv `
hnjyXn GtX\ Pohm at\mtcymtK\ tam
{]Imc IYnXx CXy\p ktbwx b Caw krjvSn bw Pm\mXn tam{]Imcw N khambp
tcXn.
NXpmwi cq]nbmb A\ncp temI krjvSn
pthn {]IrXnsb krjvSnp. {]IrXncq]amb {_m
hn\v icocw e`nnpw krjvSnI m\w t\Sm
Ignn. Atm A\ncp\mcmbW {_mhn\v
krjvSn{Iaw D]tZinp sImSpp. Atlw {_mhn
t\mSv ]dp:""{_, Av kzw C{nbsf
bImfmbpw Iae\mfn \npw Dmb
AbpsS icocs lhnmbpw Fs Anbmbpw
hkImes BPyambpw {Kojvas kanmbpw
icXv Imes ckcq]ambpw [ym\nv bmKw \Snbm
AbpsS icocw h{Pw t]mse kpZrVambnocpw.
Atm Fm PohnIfpw DmIpw. As\ mhc
PwKa cq]nepff kq hnizhpw ZriyamIpw
Pohm ]cam kwtbmKm tamamhpw
D]tZinsp. Cu krjvSn bsbpw tam {]Im
csbpw Adnbp a\pjy ]qmbpv t\Spp.

Xr{Xob JWvUw
1.

GtIm tZthm _lp[mhn\njvS APbam\m

_lp[mhnPmbX.

bYmn PmZn clnX\mb B Htc Hcp

tZh Xs ]e {]Imcn {]thinv At\I cq]
n {]ISambn.

2. XtaXancnXy[zcyhxD]mktX bPpcntXy
j laoZw khw bp \n. kmtaXn OtmKmx
GXkvan loZw khw {]XnjvTnXw. hnjanXn
kmx k CXn k hnZx DXnXm tZhmx
cbncnXn a\pjym amtbXy kpcmx kzt[Xn ]nXcx
tZhP\ CXn tZhP\ hnZx cq]anXn Khmx
Kh CXn A]vk cx Xw bYm btYm]mkvtX
XssYh `hXn. XkvamZv {_mWx ]pcpj cq]w
]cw {_hmlanXn `mhtbXv X{Zqt]m `hXn b
Ghw thZ.
An cq]n CXns\sbmWv A[zcyp
D]mknpXv. bPpthZnI AXns\ bPpv Fp
IcpXn kh bfnepw \ntbmKnpp. kmaKm
CXns\ kmasav IcpXpp. Zriy {]]amsI \mcm
bWcq]n \nesImffp AXns\ k
hnjsav IcpXpp. ks Adnbph AXns\
A ar Xs a pw a\ pj y [\ sa p w I cp Xp p .
Akpcm ambsbpw A]vkcpI Khs\pw
D]mkIm tZhs\pw ]nXr kz[m Fpw
Nnnpp. Cs\ CXv ]e {]Imcn IcpXpp.
Fs\ D]mknptm B hn[n ImWsSpp.
AXn\m {_ m\n ]pcpjcq]amb ]c{_w Rm
Xssbv IcpXpp. As\ `mh\ Ahs\ AXmnopp. Cu clkyw Adnbph\pw AtX `mhw
e`npp.

NXp JWvUw
1. XZv {_ Xm]{XbmXoXw jSvtImihn\n
pw. jUqn hPnXw ]tImimXoXw
jUv `mhhnImc iq\ytah amZn kh hneWw
`hXn. Xm]{Xbw Xzm[ymnIm [n `uXnIm[n
ssZhnIw Ir IImcy mXr PvRm\
tb t`mr t`mKt`mKanXn {Xnhn[w.
]c{_wXm]{XbmXohpw jUtImihn\nap
hpw jU qan hnhPnXhpw ]tImimXoXhpw
jUv`mh hnIm iq\yhpw kh hn[nepw hneWam
Ipp. B[ymbnIw, A[n`uXoIw, B[n ssZhoIw
F Xm]{Xb IrI Imcyw m\mXr
tbw t`mr t`mKt`mKyw Fv aqv hn[amWv.

2.

XzMv amwk timWnXmn kv\mbp

amx jSv
tImim Imat{Im[ tem`tamlaZ
amcy amXymZn

694

jSvh mx Aab{]mWat\mab
hnPvRm\abm \abm CXn ]
tImimx {]nbm
P\\ h\ ]cnWmab\mimx
jUv `mhmx
Ai\mbm ]n]mkm timItaml Pcmacm
\oXn jUq
abx IpetKm{X PmXn hm{iacq]mWn
jUv {`amx GXtZymtK\ ]ca ]pcptjm
Pothm `hXn, \m\y;
Nw, amwkw, cw, An, \mUn, a, Ch
Bdpw jUv tImi; Imaw t{Im[w tamlw, tem`w
aZw amcyw Ch i{Xpfmb jUv h; {]mW
abw tat\mabw Aabw B\abw hnPvRm\abw Ch
Apw ]tImi; {]nbXzw P\\Xzw, hrn
]cnWmawbw, \miw Ch Bdpw jUv `mh;
hniv, Zmlw, timIw, tamlw, PcarXyp Ch Bdpw
jUaqnI; PmXn, hw, B{iaw, Ipew, tKm{Xw,
cq]w C h Bdpw jU v { `a; C hbpsSsbmw
kwtbmKmemWv ]ca]pcpj Poh\mbnocpXv.
ap hn[ne.

3. b GXZp]\njZw \nXya[otX tkm n

]qtXm `hXn. khmbp ]qtXm `hXn. k BZnXy
]qtXm `hXn. AtcmKo `hXn. {ioamw `hXn.
]p{X]\{XmZn`nx kartm `hXn. {ioamw
`hXn. ]p{X]\{XmZn`nx kartm `hXn.{ioamw
`hXn. ]p{X]\{XmZn`nx kartm `hXn. hnZzmw
`h Xn. e alm]mX ImXv ] qtXm `hXn.
kpcm]m\mXv ]qtXm `hXn. AKaymKa\mXv ]qtXm
`hXn. amXrKa\mXv ]qtXm `hXn. ZplnXr
kv\ pjm`n Ka\mXv ]qtXm `hXn. kzkvt X
bmXv ]qtXm `hXn thZn P lm\mXv ]qtXm
`hXn. ZplnXrkv\pjm`n Ka\mXv ]qtXm `hXn.
Kptcmc{iqjWmXv ]qtXm `hXn. AbmPybmP\mXv ]qtXm `hXn. AZy `WmXv ]qtXm
`hXn. D{K{]Xn{KlmXv ]qtXm `hXn. ]cZmcK
a\mXv ]qtXm `hXn. Imat{Im[ tem` tamtl
jym Zn`nc_m[ntXm `hXn. kth`yx ]mt]t`ym
aptm `hXn. Cl P\n ]pcptjm `hXn.
Fpw Cu D]\njv hmbnph An]q

X\pw hmbp]qX\pw AtcmKnbpw sFizcyhm\pw

]p{X]u{XmZnkar\pw hnZzm\pw alm]m]hnapIvX\pw
aZy]m\tZmj hnap\pw AKayKa\ ]m]hnap\pw
amXrZplnXrkv\pjmZnKa\]m] hnap\pw Bbno
cpp. Kpcpip{iqj sNmXncn, A`y `Ww
]cZmcKa\w apXemb ]m]n \nv hnapIvX\mIp
p. Ahs\ Imat{Im[ tem` tamtljymZnI _m[n
n. kh]m]hnap\mbn Cu Pn Xs
]pcpj\mbn Ah km\y\mIpp.
4.

XkvamtZXXv ]pcpj kqmaXnclkyw

cmPKplyw tZh Kplyw KplymZ]n KplyXcw
\mZonXmtbm]ZntiXv; \m\qNm\mb
\mb ioemb' \msshjv Whmb
\mtbmKnt\ \
_lp `mjntW \m {]nb hmZnt\
\mkw hc thZnt\ \mXpjvSmb
\m\[oX thZmb D]ZntiXv
Kpcpct]yhw hnXv
ipNu tZti ]pWy\t{X {]mWm\mbay
]pcpjw [ymbp]kmb injymb ZnW

It. ]p cpj kq{Xm ap] Zn tiXv

hnZzm \ _lptim htZXv bmXbmtam `hXn.
AkIrXv Iap]ZntiXv. GXXv IphmtWm
At[yXm A[ym]I Cl P\n ]pcptjm
`hXoXyp]\njXv.
AXpsImv Cu ]pcpjkqmw cmPKplyhpw
tZhKplyhpw KplymXvKplyXchpamWv. CXns A
w AXyw clkyamWv. A`nnX\pw A\qNm\\pw
Abioe\pw AsshjvWh\pw AtbmKnpw _lp
`mjnpw. A{]nbhmZnpw A\[oXthZ\pw CXv
DtZincpXv. hnZzm\mb Kpcp hnip m\ncpv
]pWy\{Xn {]mWmbmatmsS ]c]pcpjs\
[ym\nv hn\bPnmkm\znX\mb injys heXp
sNhnbn ]pcpjkqma]tZinpI. Gsd
]dbcpXv. As\ sNbvXm D]tZiw ZqjnXamIpw.
sNhnbn ]ehw ]dp sImSpWw. Cs\ D]tZinm At[yXmhpw A[ym]I\pw ]pcpj\mbn
`hnpw Fv D]\njv \ntinpp.
apZvKtem]\njv kam]np.

Q
N

695

I
1

ssass{X-b-Wyp-]-\n-jv 3

imn]mTw
Hmw. B]ymbp aamwKm\w hmIv {]mW
p t{imXmatYm_ean{nbmWn N khmWv.
khw {_tm]\njZw amlw {_ \ncmIpcymw
hm\m {_ \ncmImtcm Z \ncmIcW akv X z
\ncmIcWw ta Akv X p XZm\n \nctX b
D]\njXv kp [mkv X abn kp. tXabn
kp. Hmw imn: imn: imn:
Hmw Fs AwK ]cn]pjvSn {]m]ns. hmv
{]mW t\{Xw t{im{Xw Fnhbpw C{nbfpw ]pjvSn
{]m]ns. CXv D]\njZpamb {_amWv. Rm
AXns\ \ncmIcnpn. {_w Fs ]cnXyPnm
Xncns. F\npw {_n\pw Xn At`Zyamb
_w DmIs. {_ \ncX\mb Fn D]\njZpfmb [ nXnsNs. Hmw. imn:
imn: imn:

Hmw _rl{ZtYm ssh\ma cmPm cmtPy

tPyjv T w ]p{Xw \n[m]bnXzm GX aimizXw
a\ yam\mx ic ocw ss hc mKy apt]tX mcW yw
\nPKma. kX{X ]caw X] Bmb BZnXy
aoamW Du[z _mKpkvXnjvTt kl{kky
ap\ncnIamPKmamK\ncnhm[paIkv t XPkm
\ n Z l nh m h nX v `K h m i mI mb\ y
DnjvtTmnjvT hcw hrWojzm AXn cmP\
a{_ h oX v. k X k vs s a \ a k vI r tX y m h mN
`Khmmlam hnw XXz hnXv irWptam
hbw kXzw t\m {_qlotXyXZv {hXw ]pckvXm
ZiIyw am]rp {]iv \ ssazm XIm\ym
Imam hrWotjzXn imImb\yky NcWm h`n
apiyamt\mcmtPamw KmYmw PKmZ.
Cu icocw A\nXyamsW t_m[w _rl{ZY
F cmPmhn\papmbn. AtXmsS Atln\v sshcmKyw DZbw sNbvXp. Xqew cmPys tPyjvT]p{Xs\
Gev]nv h\ntep t]mbn. AhnsS Atlw Gsdmew ITn\ X]p sNbvXp. kqcym`napJambn \npsImv Atlw Du[z_mlphmbn \nebpdnp.
Bbncw hjw Igntm Atlns X]cybpsS ^eambn Bm\nbmb imImb\ F
ap\n Atlns ASpsen. ]pIbnm
Ansbtmse Atlns tXPv {]Iminp.
Atlw cmPmhnt\mSv ]dp-: Fgptq.... Fgp
tq. hcw BhiysSpI.

cmPmhv ]dp: `Khms\, Rm Bm\nbmsWv Rm tInpv. AXn\m F\nv Bm\amIp hcw XctW; AXp tIv ap\n ]dp:
CzmIp hwiP\mb cmPmth, assnepw hcw tNmZnpsImpI. ]p apXte hfsc hfsc ITn\sap
IcpXntm Cu hcw tNmZncpXv. CXv tIv _rl{Z
Y imImb\s ]mZ {Klnp Cs\ ]dp.

2. `Kh\\n N kv \ mbp am amwk

ip{I timWnX tjvam {ip ZpjntX hn aq{Xm
hmX]n I^ kwLmtX ZpKt \nmtc f
kvan icotc Inw Imtam]t`mssK:
3. Imat{Im[ tem` `btamlhnjmtZ thyjvS
h ntb mK m\ nj vS k w{] bK X aX v ] n ] mk m
CcmarXyp tcmK timImss[y c`n]tX f kva n
icotc Inw Imtam ] t`m ssKx
4. k h w tN Z w bn j vW p ] i y mtam
btYtaZwiaiImZb kvI rWhXv \y X tbmZv
`qX {]m[znwkn\x
5. AY In ta ssX hm ]tc f t\y alm [\p
[cm {Ihn\: tINnXv kpZypav\: `qcnZypav\:
C { Z y p av\ :
I p h e bmi z
buh \ mi zh Z v
[nbmizmiz]Xn: ii_np: lcn{ Aw_co
tj ma\ q k zmbmX n: bbmX n: A \ c W y :
Djtk\: Dacp `cX{]`rXtbm cmPmt\m
anjtXm _phky alXow {Xnbw Iyzm
AkvamXv temImXn Aapw temIw {]bmn:
6. AY IntassX hm ]tc f t\y Kh
hmkpc bcmk `qXKW ]nimtNmcK
{KlmZo\mw \ntcm[\w ]iyma:
`Khms\, Cu icocw Am, Nw, kv\mbp,
a, amwkw, cw A{ip, akw , aq{Xw, hmXw, ]w,
I^w FnhtbmSp IqSnbXpw ZpK]qcnXhpw
\nmchpamWv B nXnv hnjb kpJsfsmv
Fsmcp]tbmKw? Cu icocw Imaw t{Im[w tem`w `bw
ZpxJw Cujy {]nb P\hntbmKw hniv Zmlw
hm[Iyw acWw. tcmKw timIw Fnhbm ]oUnX
amWv . B \nev hnjb kpJsfsmsp
{]tbmP\w? Cu kakvX PKpw \{iamWv. a\pjy
XpSnb kIeXpw acWaSbpXv Rm ImWpp.
AXpt]mse sImXpIp XpSnbh t]mse Gsd \m
PohnpXn\p app Np t]mIpp. henb henb

696

I hnmfnIfpw, kpZypav\, `qcnZypav\ CvZypav\ Iphe

bmizc [nbmiz Aip]Xn ii_np, lcn{
Aw_co a\pjy]p{X\mb icymXn bbmXn A\c
Wy Dtk\ acp, `cX apXemb henb
henb N{Ihnam t]mepw XfpsS _p
Ip sImncnth Xs Cu temInse kIe
sFizcyfpw D]tbmKnv ]ctemIw {]m]n nXnv
apv kqNnn IoSfpsS nXnsbn Fp
]dbm\mWv. a\pjy am{Xa Khm Akpcm
bm cmkm `qX ]nimNp k]y
apXembhbpw \miaSbpXmbn \mw ImWpp.

7. AY In ta ssX hm\ym\mw timjWw

alm hm\mw inJcnWmw {]]X\w. {[phky
{]Ne\w m\w hm XcpWmw \na\w ]rYn
hym: m\m Z]kcw kpcmWmw; tkm f l
antXy hw hnt[ kvan kwkmtc Inw Imtam]
tZmssKssbtchm {inXkym kIrZnlmh\w
ZryX CXn Dpw AlkoXy tm Z
] m\ t m t`I C h ml ak van k w k mtc
`Khm; kXzw t\m KXn kvXzw t\m KXn:
Asn AhbpsS Imcyw t]mIs. henb
kap{Z t]mepw hntmIpp; ]hX s]mn
Icpp. {[ph\{Xhpw kzm\v ncambncnp
n. hr \new ]XnppN `qanbpw Hcp
m\v ncambn \npn. tZhmv m\
Ne\w DmIpp. B \nev Almcw \nd Cu
temIn hnjb kpJfn IpSpnnSpXp
sImv FmsWmcp KpWw? hnjbn IpSpnbh
hopw hopw P\\N{In IpSpnbh hopw
ho pw P\\N{I n IpSp pp. A Xn\m
`Khms\, AIq]n hoW Xhfsbtmse Cu
temIn Rm\pw hoWncnpp. Av Fs
DcnWw. Rm Asb icWw {]m]npp.
AmsWmcm{ibw.

cmw {]]mTIw
1. AY `Khm imI mb\y : kp{]oX: kp
A{_hoXv cmPm\mw almcmP, _rl{ZtY
zmIphwi [zP iojmP: IrXIrXykvXzw
acpXv\mat\Xn hn{iptXmkoXn Abw hmhJezm
xtXmx IXtam `Khm hw CXn Xw hmtNXn.
2. b G tjm DzkmhnjvSphjvSw `t\t\m
[ zap X v {I mt m h y bamt\ m h y am\ k v\ a:
{]Wp`tXyj Bt Xyml `Khm ssa{Xox
C tX y h w A l w A Y b G j k w {] mk m
tZmkva cocmXv kapmb ]cw tPymXn cq]
kw]Zy tkz\ cqt]W A`n\njv ] ZyX Gj

B tXn t_mhmssNX `arXh`b taXXv .

{_tXn.

]ns `Khm\mb imImb\y Gsd {]k\mbn

cmPmhnt\mSv ]dp. {_{ZYalmcmPmth, Av
CzmIp hwiP\mb {]PiojcmPmhns ]p{X\mWv.
acpv F \man hnJymX\pw Fmhn[nepw
IrXIrXy\pamWv. Bmhv Gs\sbv Rm
Atbvv ]dpXcWw ap\n ]dp: _mlyfmb
C{nbsf \ntcm[nptm Cu {]mW\mIp
Bmhv tbmKw aptJ\ apIfntemv Ibdpp. AXv
ZpxJmIsap tXmnbmepw bYmn ZpxJlo
\hpw AImc\miIhpamWv. Cu BmhpXsbmWv
icocn\p shfnbn hv ]ca tPymXn kzcq]amb
{_s {]m]np Xs kzcq]n ncambn
nXnsNpXv. Cu Bmhv A`b cq]hpamWv.

3. AY Jezn]nbw {_hnZym kthm]\njZv

hnZym hm cmPkvamIw `KhXm ssat{XtbW
hymJymXm f ltX IYbnjym ao Xy Ym]lN
] m] v am\ k vaX n tX P k . DuZ [ ztc X tk m
_meJneym CXn {ipbt f tX {]Pm]Xn
a{_ph `Kh iISanhm tNX\ anXrw icocw
I s s k y j J e v] o Z r ti m al namb X o { ob
`qXkytbss\ XZzn [anZw tNX\hXv {]XnjvTm
h nX w {] tamZ bnX m f k y t I m `K h t X
`kvamIw {_qloXn Xm tlmhmN.
cmPmthm kakvtXm]\njpfpw Fns\n
bmtWm D]tZinpXv B {_snbp
m\w `Khm ssat{Xb Rv \Inbnpv.
AXns\s Rm Abv v ]dpXcmw. ]m]w
\inhcpw tXtPmcq]nIfpw {_NmcnIfpamb ap\nam
{]ikvXcmWv. Ah Hcn {_mhnt\mSv tNmZnp.
`Khms\ Cu icocw iISXpeyamWv. B kvYnXnv
Fns alnabnemWv GXv C{nbns kmnyw
sImmWv ssNX\y]msWp tXmphn[w
{]XnjvT {]m]npXv? B Imcyw Rv ]dp
XcnI.

4. tb l Jep hmtNm ]cn: {ipbtX k hm

Gj ip: ]qX: iq\y: imtm f {]mtWm
KptWjp Ch DutcXtk: f \o imm f tXm
f : nc: imiztXmP: kzX{ : tkzalnav\n
Xnjv T Xyt\t\`w icocw tNX\hXv {]Xnjv T m
]nXw {]tNmZbnXm ssN tjm f tkzXn IYmanXn
Xm tlmhmNm.
{_mhv ]dp: hmn\XoXsap ]dbsSp
iphpw ]hn{Xhpw iq\yhpw imhpw A{]amWhpw
A\hpw Ahn\minbpw nchpw k\mX\hpw
PclnXhpw kzX{hpamb Bmhns alnabmWv

697

I CmWpsXmw. AXp aptJ\bmWv icocn

ssNX\ykZriamb {]XnjvT InpXv . CXptIv
_mehneym tNmZnp: `Khms\, Cu Bmhv Cm
clnXambncpnpw icocn ssNX\ykZriamb
{]XnjvT InpXv. CXptIv _mehneym tNmZnp:-
`Khms\, Cu Bmhv CmclnXambncpnpw icoc
n ssNX\ycq]n Fs\bmWv Ddp \np
Xv, CXp Fn\p t{]cW sImSppp? FmWv
CXns alXzw {_mhv ]dp.

5. k hm Gj kqvtam f {Kmtlym AZriy:

]pcpj kwmtIm _pn]qjan ssl hm
htX Awit\Xn. kp]v X tky ]m _pn
]qhIw hn t_m[ GhanXn AY tbm l Jep
sshXky tkmw f tim b: tNXmam{X: {]Xn
]pcpj: t{X : kev]m[nhkmbm`nam\
enwK: {]Pm]Xn hnizmJytX t\t\Zw icocw
tNX\ hXv {]Xnjv TmhnXw {]tNmZbnXm sshtjm f hytkyXn. tX tlm Np: `Kh, bZv
At\t\Zrti\m\njvT ss\ X Zzn[anZw tNX\
hXv {]XnjvT mhnXw {]tNmZbnXm sshtjm f ky
IYanXn Xm tlmhmtNXn.
Cu Bmhv kqv ahpw A{Km]yhpw AZyiyhp
amIpp. ]pcpjs\mWXns t]cv Xs Hcwim
AXv ChnsS _pn]qw {]hnpp. Ddp
hs\ DWpI CXns Hcwisas{X. kIePohnI
fnepw Pohmmhmbn hnpXv AXp Xs. AXv
kIe icocnepw t{Xm\cq]n hn
pp. tXPpw kev]bphpw AXpXs. {]Pm
]Xn cq]hpw khZinbpamWXv. B ssNX\ymemWv
icocw ktNX\mbn hnpXv. _meJneym
tNmZnp: `Khm Cu Bmhv AJWvUambncpnv
Fs\bmWv Awicq]n hnpXv. Atm
{_mhp ]dp:

6. {]Pm]Xnhm GtIm f t{K AXnjvTXv. k

\mcaX GI: k Bm\a`n[ymXzm _lzo:
{]Pm: AkrPXv. Xm Asskyhm {]hrm
A{]mWm mWpcnh XmjvT am\ A]iyXv k
\mc`X. tkm f a\yssXmkmw {]Xnt_m[\mbm
`ycw {]mhnim \oXyY k hmbp anhm\
IrXzm A`ycw {]mhniXv k GtIm \mhniXv
k ][mm\w {]hn` tPymNytX b: {]mtWm
f ]m\w kam\ DZmt\m hym\ CXn.
BZyw {]Pm]Xn am{Xta Dmbncppp. GImIn
bmbXn\m Btln\v kzX e`nn. Xqew
Bmhns\ [ym\nv Atlw At\I hn[nep
{]PIsf krjvSnp Xm krjvSn PohnI {]mWcln
Xsapw XqWpt]mse PUsapw Atln\v a\n

emm Ignp. AXnjvSsSmsX Cu {]PIsf

ktNX\amm Chbv pn {]thinWsav
Atlw Xocpam\np. As\ Nnnv kzbw hmbphn
s\tmse Ahbn {]thinp As\ Htc {]mW
Ambn {]mW, A]m\, kam\, DZm\, hym\.

7. AY tbm f baqZz apXv{ImaXotXyj hma

k {]mtWm f Y tbm f bahmMvN w kw{Ima
tXyj hmh k A]m\: AY tb\ sshXm f
\p{KlotXm tXyj hmh k hym\: AYtbmSbw
hnjvtTm hm AwtK AwtK kam\ btXyj
hmh k kam\ kwm Dcw hym\ky cq]w
N GtX jm ac {]kqXn tcthmZm ky Y tbm
f bw sshj hmh k DZm\:
apIfntemv KanpXmWv {]mW; Xmtgmv
KanpXv A]m\, AXyw qeamb As
KpZ o\s n pXv k am\; XnnIbpw
IpSnpIbpw Xmtgmpw apIfntempw t]mIpIbpw sNbvXv
icoc{]h\w \nb{npXv DZm\, \mUnIfn
\ndncnpXv hym\. #nXmWv ]hmbpfpsS
GItZi kz`mhw.

8. AtYm]mwipccytfm aap]mw iptaXtbm

c c m tZ h uj vW y w {] m k h Z y Z u j W y w
k ] p c p tj m Y b: ] p c p j : tk m A n
sshzm\tcm ]y \y{X A]n Abpan
sshizm\tcm tbmba: ]pcptjm tbt\ Zaw
]NytX bZnZaZytX XsskyjtLmjm `hXn
btZ X X v I m h ] n[ zm b i r tW m X n k
btZ m X v{I anj y `h X n s s \ \ w t L mj w
irtWmXn.
DjvWXm ]pcpj Fp ]dbpXv kao]n
AcymanbmIpw Hcp bman\pn FcnSp
Xpw As\ cn\pw at[y DjvW amkfnep
mIp Djv WamWv. AXpXs sshizm\cs\
An. As\ Dn hknp ]pcpj\mWv sshizm
\cmnsbpw AXpXsbmWv `nsSp Aw
ZlnnpsXpw AdnbpI. AXns i_vZw Xs
bmWv AIv tIsSpXv. ImXSm tIp
i_v Z w A Xp Xs icoc n \nv {]mW
hnIm Cu i_vZw tIn.

9. k hm Gj ][m f m\w {]hn`Py

\nlntXm Kplmbmw at\m ab: BImimtXn,
k hm Gtjm f kva Xv lrZcmXv AIrXm
tm f a\y Xmm\iv\ mKmXn; AX: Jm\o
am\n`ntXzmZnX: ]Rvaociva n`n hnibm\oXn
_po{nbmWn bm\n Camt\yXm\yky civab:
It{nbmWyky lbm cY icocw at\m\nbm {]IrXnatbm f ky {]tXmtZt\\ Jep

698

I Cuc nX:

]cn{`aXoZw ic ocw N{Ianh arXv

]Nt\`w icocw tNX\hXv {]Xnjv T m]nXw
t{]mZbnXm sshtjm ]y tkyXn.

{]Pm]XnbmIp Bmhv kzbw Ambn hn`Pnv

lrZbKplbn ncambn hknpp. Cu Bmhp
Xs at\mcq]nepw {]mWcq]nepw at\Iw
cq]fnepw kXykev] bpamWv. Cs\ lrZb
n Ignv AXv Xms\ AIrXms\v Nnn
pp. kzbw IrX\mIm Xs Ap Zzmc
]t{nbfmbn. ]t{nb ISnmWpw It
{nb IpXncIfpamIpp. icocw cYw a\v kmcYn
kz`mhw NbmWv. Cu Nmbm t{]cnnsSptm
icocw N{Intev t{]cnXamIpp. Fm acWm\cw AXv tNX\mbpamIpn. Cs\ Bmhp
Xs icocn\v t{]cW \Ipp.

10. k hm Gj B thmin Ihb: knXm

k ns s X : I ^ s s e c \ `n`qX C h {] X n
icotcjp NcXn Ahy XzmXv, kuva yXv
AZriyXzmXv A{Kmly XzmXv , \ne XzmXv,
A\htm kvXn ImIss hmh k
hm Gj ip: ntcm ANe tem ]yhyt{Km
\nkv]rl: t{]IhZhnX: kz EX`pKv
KpW htb\ ]tS\mm\a [mb Ahn
tXm CXyhnX CXn.
Bmhv icocn\v hiwhZambn t]mbncnpp
shpw ip`mip`IfpsS ^eambn _\mbncnp
pshpw. AXv \anw `n`nicocfn kcn
psImncnpIbmsWpw tXmntmIpw. Fm
bY m n A Xv A hy hpw k q v a a hpw
A{Klyhpa XmclnXhpw BsWv a\nemm
Ignbpw AXv khmmclnXamWv. AXn Ir
Xzansnepw AXv ImhmsW\v tXmntmIpp.
Bmhv iphpw nchpw ANehpw Bkn
clnXhpw CmclnXhpw Zrjv Ssahn[w kzI
^ea\p`hnpXmbn tXmsSpXpamIpp.
am{Xa AXv kzcq]s {XnKpWmI hkv{Xw aptJ\
BhcWw sNsSpsXv tXmnpXpamWv.

aqmw {]]mTIw
tX tlmNp: `Kh b tZyhw Aky Bt\m
al na m\ w k qN bk oX n A t\ y m h m] c :
tI mSbammJ y : tbm bw k nXm k ns s X :
I^ssec`n`qbam\: kZktZym\nam]ZyXm
C Xy h mRvO tbm [ zmh K Xn ss Z zss zc`n
`qbam\: ]cn{`aXn.

_meJyenm CXp tIv hopw tNmZnp:

`Khms\, Av Cu Bmhns alnasbn

]dbptm ip`mip`ISnsv \Xpw

N o b p amb tb m\ nI fn N p n d p
Bmhv thsdmmtWm kpJ ZpxJfm ]cmPbs v D \ oN K X nI fn {`aW w s N bvX p
sImncnpXmtWm?

2. AkvXn Jep At\ym ]cm`qXmmtJym tbm

bw knXm kossX: I^sse c`n `qb am\:
k Zk tZ ym\ nam] Zy h mN nw tN m[ zmw K Xnw
Zzmssc`nbam\: ]cn{`aXoXyXy D]mJym\w
] Xm{XmWn `qX i_v t Zt\mNytX iY
tXjv Tmw b kapZmb icocanXyp aX tbm l
Jep hmh icocanXypw k`qXmtXypw
AYmkvXn Xkpm _npcnh ]pjvIc CXn k
hm Gtjm `n `qX: {]mIrssX: KpssW: CXytXm
Bhn `qXmXv kapUXz {]bmXy kwaqVXzm
`mw {]`pw `Khw ImcbnXmcw \m]iyZv
KpWussL: Xr]yam\: kkv] rtlm hy{Km
`nam\nXzw {]bmX CXylw tkm ataZ antXyhw
a\yamt\, \n_ym\m Bm\w Pmte
t\ h I r X m\ p ^ e w A `n`qbam \ mk Z
k tZ y m\ nam] Z y X C X y h m tbm z mh K XnZzssc`n`qban\x ]cn{`aXn.
CXp tIv {_mhv ]dp: ip`mip` I
Snsv DgepXv asmcp `qXmmhmWv. AXv \Xpw
Nobpamb tbm\nIfn Npndpp. D \oN KNn
{]m]npp. AXv cmKtZzjmZn Zzz`hmn\Sns
XmWv. AXpsImmWv `qXmmhv FXns\ ]dbpXv
Ap Xm{XIsfbpw ]alm`qXsfbpw `qXsav
]dbpw ChbpsS kmctI{amWv icocw AXp
sImmWv icocs `qXmmshp ]dbpXv. CXnse
Bmhv Xmacbnebnse shn\v XpeyamWv .
AXn\v Dn hknp t{]cImmhns\ ImWm
km[npn. AXpt]mse KpWkaqln AXr]vX
\pw ]m]nbpw Anc\pw Ne\pw A`nam\nbpw
Almcnbpambnocp Ah CXv Rm\mWv CXv
FsXmWv Fp `mhnp sImv ]nsbtmse IpSp
ns]Spp. Xm sNbvX IfpsS ^eambn AXv
kzbw _XambnNpndpp.

3. b: Im tkmbw ssh `qXmm ImcbnXm

A: ]pcpj: AY bYmn\m Ab: ]nWvtUm
hm A`n`qX: IXr`n l\yamt\m \m\mXz
apt]Xy Ghw hmh Jep Aku `qXmm A:
]pcptjWm`n `qtXm KpssW l\y amt\m
\m\mXz apss]Xn NXp Pmew NXpZihn[w
NXpioXnY ]cnWXw `qXtKW taX ssZz
\m\mXzky cq]w. Xm\n l hm GXm\n KpWm\n
]pcptjtWcoXm\n N{Ianh arXv ]tNt\Xn. AY
bYmb: ]nWvt U l\yamt\ \mnc`n`qbtXyhw

699

I \m`n `qbXy ku ]pcptjm

A`n`qXXybw
`qXmtm]kw njvSXzm ZnXn. AYm A\y{Xm
]ypw icocanZw saYp\m tZthmZv `qXw kwhrypt]Xw \nctb Y aq{X ZzmtcW \njv{Im
an`nnXw amw tk\m\pen]v X w NWm
h \ w h n aq{ X ] n I ^ a mt atZ m
hkm`ncss\y Ba ssb: _lp`n: ]cn]qw
tImi Ch ky\m.

Cu `qXmmhnsXmWv IXrXzsapw tIhew

t{]cI\msWpw ap ]ebnSpw ]dnpv. AXv
C{nbsfsmv ]e Imcyfpw sNnpp.
Anbn ]gpnsSp Ccpv ASnv ]ecq]
nempXpt]mse `qXmmhpw ipmmhn\m
X]nsv hnhn[ cq]w sImpp. {XnKpWkwbp
amb F]n \mep ew tbm\nIfn AXv
Npndpp. At\Xzns kzcq]w AXpXs.
N{Iw Idp Ipih N{In \npw `nambncnpXpt]mse Bmhv Cu KpWfn
\nsmw `namWv . CcptKmfw ASnptm
AXn\pnse Ansbb ASnpXv AXpt]mse
ipmmhn\v Hcp hnImchpw DmIpn. `qXmm
hns kwkw sImp tZjw DmIpw. kv {Xo
]pcpj kwtbmK^eambn DmIp Cu icocw sNX\y
clnXhpw \cI XpeyhpamWv. aq{XZzmcn IqSn hcp
Cu icocw An\nnXhpw amwkte]nXhpw NmhrXhpw aeaq{X I^ ]nmZnIfm ]qcnXhpamWv.
IqSmsX CXv At\Iw ]nX hkvXpfpsSbpw Hcp
kamlmcamsWv ]dbmw.

4. AYm \y {Xm ]ypw kmtlm `bw

hnjmtZm \n{Zm X{o {]amtZm Pcm timI:
pXv]n]mkm ImWyw t{Imt[m kmkvXnIy
a m\w amcyw \njv I mcpWyw aqVXzw,
\n{hnUXzw CXn Xmakm\n, NeXz hy{KXzw
PoKnjmtYm]mP\w an{Xm\p{Kl ]cn{Klm]ew
_m\n Cjv t Sjv T C{nbmtjp Zzrjv S ncn
jvtSjvT A`njzwK: ip kztcm X akvXnXn
cmPkmt\yssX: ]cn]oWW GssXc`n `qXm
CXybw `qXmcmm Xkv a mXv \m\m cq]mWv
B]vt \mXn CXn B]vt\mXn.
CtXn thsdmcnSpw ]dnpv. tamlw, `bw,
ZpxJw, tIm]w, hmIyw, hniv, Zmlw, ssZ\yw, \n{Z,
Bekyw, \mkvXnIyw, Am\w, amcyw, \n`bX,
auVyw, ebnmbva, IrXLv\X, Almcw, hnjaX
Cs\ At\Iw XtamhnImcfmWv. \ndXmWv
icocw. IqSmsX XrjvW kvt\lw, cmKw, tem`w lnwk
eoe Cujy, tXmnbt]mep s]cpamw NeX
GsXnepw XnsbSpWsa B{Klw ]Wn

sImXn, {]nbanmXn hntZzjw XpSnb ctPmKp

WhnImcfpw AXn Gsdbpv Chsbmw \nanw
Cu `qXmmhv ]cmPnXambn CXn \np hnhn[cq
] kw`hnpp.

\memw {]]mTIw
1. tX l J e p h mth [ ztc X tk m A X n
hnkvanXm A`nktaXy Du Np: `Kh, \akvtX,
AkvXp. A\pim[n Xzw AkvamIw KXnc\y \
hnZybm CXn Aky tIm hn[n: `qXmt\m tb
t\`w lnXzm Bt\yh kmbqPy D ss]Xn Xm
tlmhmtNXn.
{_NmcnIfmb _meJneym AXptIp Gsd
hnkv a nXcbn ASpp sNv ]dp: `Khms\,
Abvv \akvImcw. Ap am{XamWv Rp
icWw. Rv thsdmc`ban. AXn\m Cu
`qXmmhns AXnYnbmscv a\nemncWw. CXv
khhpw shSnv BpthnbmWv Bmhn
Xs kmbqPyw t\SpXv? {_mhv ]dp.

2. AY A\y{Xm]n Dw almZojvT Duab

Chm \nhIaky bXv ]pcmIrXw kap{Zta
te h Z p \ nh mc ak y ar tX y m c m K a\ w
kZkXv ^ eassb ]mssi: ]wKpcnh _w
_\kvX sskyh kzmX{yw ba hnjb
tk y h _ l p `bm h w aZ ntc m C h
taml aZ ntc m w. ] m] va\ m K r loX C h
`ymayamWw atlmcK ZjvS Ch hnjbZjvSw alm
k Imcanh cmKmw C{Pme anh ambmabw
kz]v\ Ch anYymZi\w IZfo K` Ch kmcw
\ S C h W th j w N n{X `n nc nh
anYymat\mca anXytYmw. i_vZ kv]imZtbm
ly matXy A\ m Ch B ntXm
tbjmw kkvX p `qXmm \kva tcXv ]cam
]Zw.
]ns thsdmcnSpw Cs\ ]dncnpp.
henb \ZnIfn Hmf DmIpXpt]mse Cu
`qXmmhnepw ]qhI DmImhpXmWv.
AXns ^ew AXn\v A\p`hntn hcpp. kap{Z
nse XncameIfpsS AwIpdnm Xocw thWw.
AXpt]mse Cu`qXmmhn\v acWw BhiyamWv.
ip`mip`I ^eambn hyn arKsftmse
_\n s]Spp. IqSmsX ]qambpw ]cX{
\mIpp. Ime]pcnbntem Fp tXmpamdv Cs\
`qXmmhv kZm `oX\mWv. hnjbkpJaZy tkhnv
Ah D\mbnop. ]m] `qXm himse
t]mse Apanpw Aebpp. hnjmp ISnXp
t]mse B ] n\m ZpxJnX\mIpp. hnjtb

700

I bmIp \n_nUmImcm Ah A\mIpp.

amPnpImcs hnZybmsetmWw ambm _\mIpp.
kz]v\w t]mse anYybmb IZfo K`w t]mse AXv
\nmcamWv. \SstmWw Ah ]pXnb thj
[cnpp. `nnNn{Xw t]mse _mly kucyw am{Xam
WnXv. i_vZkv]imZnhnjbfpw Akm[mcWfmWv.
Ahbn Bk\mb `qXmmhn\v Xs kw_n
bYm t_m[an.

3. Abw hmh Jep Aky {]Xn hn[n. `qXm

t\ m bX v th Z h nZ y m [ n K a: k z[
kym\pNcWw kym{itajvT Ghm\p{IaWw kz
[ky hm GXZv {hXw kvX w ` im tJhm
]cmWy t\ t\m [z `mKv `hXy \yYm AhmMn
tXzj kz[tm A`nltXm tbm thtZ#vT \
kz[mXn {ItaWm {kao `hXn. B {ita
tjzhmk: X]kzo CXyp NytX. CtXyZbpw
\mX]k: Bmt\ A [nKa: Ghw ln
Bl X]km {]m]ytX a\: a\k: {]m]ytX
lymm bam]vXzm \m\nhtX CXn.
Cs\bp bpnbpsS D]mbw CXmWv. m\w
knnm km[yamI hn[w [mNcWw thWw.
AXpt]mse B{ia [ m\pjv T m\hpw thWw.
Fsm kz [n\p am{Xta Fmw km[nm
Ignbq. A\y [ kvXw` imJt]mse anYybmWv.
`qXmmhv kz[memWv DXn {]m]npXv.
aphn[nsen A[x]X\w Xs. thtZm [
U ssIshSnbph B{ianb. B{ia [w
]menph X]kznbmWv . X]kznbmhs
[ym\w Bhnepdn. As\bph\v Iipn
bn. X]n\m m\w e`npp; m\m
a\v hiw hZamIpw; a\v \nb{Wnembm B
{]m]vXn e`npw. B{]m]vXnbm kwkmc tamN\w
e`npp.

Nnky ln {]kmtZ\ ln I
ip`mip`w
{]kmm B\nnXzm kpXza
hyb aiv\ p tX

5.

kamkw bZm Nnw Ptm

hnjb tKmNtc
btXyhw {_Wn kymXv tIm \ apNytX
_\mXv.

hndIp Xom Xobv AhnsSs sISpXp

t]mse hrnI \inXn\ptijw Nnw kzbtah
imamIpp. DXv]n m\v imambn m\w
t\Snb Nnw kXyntev {]cnXamIpp. Atm
Ihim\pKmanIfmb C{nbhnjb AXn\v
anYybmbntXmpp. Nnw Xs kwkmcw AXp
sImv {]bXv\nv NnsipamWw. Nnipn
sImmWv kKn. Nnw imambngnm ip`m
ip` I \inpp. imNn Bmhn
ebnpp. AtXmsS Ah\v imkzXamb B\w Inpw.
N n w h nj b m a m I p {X {_ nem b m
_\n \nv Fs\ tamw InmXncnpw?

6.

at\m ln Zzn hn[w t{]mw ipw

Nmiptah N
Aipw Ima kev]w ipw
Ima hnhPnXw

7.

eb hnt]clnXw a\x IrXzm

k\new bZm
bmXyat\m`mhw XZm XXv ]caw ]Zw

8.

XmhtZh \ntcm lyw lrZn bmhXv

bw KXw
GXZv m\w N tam tijm
kvXp kvXp {K hnkvXc:

9.

kam[n \n[qX aeky tNXtkm

\nthinXkym\n bXv kpJw
et`Xv \ i Iy tX
hbnXpw KncmkZm kzbw XZ: IctW\
KrlytX.

At{XtX tmIm: `hn

1.

bYm \n cnt\m hn: ky tbm\m

hp]imarXn
XYm hrn bmnw kz tbm\m
hp] imayXn

2.

kz tbm\m ap] im ky am\k:

kXyKman\:
C{nbm hnaqV kym \rXym
I him\pKm:

3.

Nntah ln kwkmc XXv {]bXvt\\

tim[tbXv
bmnkvXtbm `hXn Kply taXXv
k\mXXw

4.

10. A]m at]m n cu l thymav\:

thyma \n etbXv Gh a KXw
Nnw ]y ]pcpj: {]Xn apNytX
11.

a\ Gh a\pjymWmw ImcWw _
tamtbm
_mb hnjbmkw apssy
\nhnjbw kvarXw

701

I ipsapw Aipsapw a\v cp hn[amWv. Imakev] nXambXv Aiphpw ImahnhPnXambXv

iphpamWv. a\v ebhnt]clnXhpw \ntjw
nchpamIptm ]ca]ZamIpp. m\\miw
kw`hnmXncnpnStmfw AXns\ lrZbn
\ntcm[nWw. AXp Xs m\nsbpw tam
nsbpw kmcw. kam[n aptJ\ amen\yw ZqcoIr
XamhpIbpw Bmhn kwtbmPnnsSpIbpw
sNp Nnw B\a\p`hnpp. AXv hnm
{]bmkw. Pen Pehpw Anbn Anbpw BImin BImihpw tNp Ignm ]ns {]YIv
`mhan. AXpt]mse Nnebw kw`hnm a\pjy
ap\mIpp. a\pjycpsS _tamp ImcWw
a \ p Xs b mW v . hnj b mh nap a mb a \ v
tamn\pw ImcWamIpp.

12. AY btY\w IuXv kmb\ kvXpXn:

Xzw {_m Xzw N ssh hnjvWpkvXzw
cp{ZkvXzw {]Pm]Xn Xzan hcptWm
hmbvkvX zan{ kvXzw \ncmIc:
13. Xzw a\pkvXmw NakvXmw ]rYohoXzw
JaYmNypX:
kzmt kz`mhntIt N
_lp[mkwnXn kvXzbn
14. hntizizc \kvX p `yw hnizmm
hnizI IrXv
hniz `Kv hniz ambpkvXzw hniz
{IoUmcXn: {]`p:
15. \a: immt\ Xp`yw \ tam KplyX
amb N ANnym bm t{]tabmb A\mZn
\n[\mb tNXn
IuXv kymb\s kvX pXn: \o {_amWv. \o
hnjv WphmWv. \o cp{Z\mWv,\o {]Pm]XnbmWv, \o
A nbmWv , \ohcpW\mWv \o hmbphmWv , \o
C{\mWv. \o N{\mWv \o a\phmWv, \oba\mWv, \o
]rYznhmWv, \o ANypX\mWv, \o XsbmWv hnjb
cq]n kzm`mhnIamb AnepXv . \o
XsbmWv kzn Atb {]Imcn hkn
pXv. kthizc, \n\v \akv mcw. \o Is
khmmhpw khIIcvUmhpw ambm ab\pw
kh {IoUmcX\pw {]`phpw \o Xs. tl im
kzcq]m \n\v \akvI mcw. KqV Xa\pw ANny\pw
A{]tab\pw A\mZn\n[\\pw BWv \o.

16. \tam hm CZ a{K B kotZIw XXv ]tckymXv

X X v ] tc tW c nX w h nj i a X ze w {] b mX n.
GXcq]w ssh cPkv X {ZP: Jep CucnXw

hnjaXzw {]bmXn. GXssZzkXzky cq]w XXv

kXzt\thcnXw ck: kw{h {kmhXv. tkmw f
timbw btXmam{X: {]Xn ]pcpj: t{X:
k e v] m[ y h k mbm`nam\ e nwK : {] P m] X n:
hntizXyky {]mKpm G \mkvX \a: AY tbm
l Jep hm hky Xmatkmw f tim ku k
{_Nmcn tWm tbm f bw cpt{Zm f Y tbml
Jep hmhky cPtkmw tim ku k {_
NmcntWm tbm f bw {_m f Y tbm l Jep
h mh k y k mX zntI mw f ti m k uk {_
NmcntWm tbm f bw hnjvWp. k hm Gj GI
kv{ Xo[m`qtXm f
jvSss[Im Zi[m ZzmZi[m
f ]cn anX[m hthmZv `qX DZv`qXXzmZv `qXw
`qtXjp NcXn {]hnjvS: k `qXm\m a[p]Xn
_`qth Xykm hmm f _lnKzm
hlnm

AXv krjv Snpapv tIhew AImaabambn

cpp. ]noSv ]cammhn \npw t{]cWbm
C{nbhnjbambn . CXnsem\v ctPmKpWkzcq]hpamWv.
AtX {]Imcw CXv ctamKpWns cq]hpamWv. t{]cW
e`n Xtam KpWw Xs Xtam KpWn \npm
bXpt]mse CXv kXv en \nv DZbw sImXp
t]mse Hmtcm Pohnbnepw IpSnsImpXv t{X
kzcq]n D ssNX\y kXs. ]cammhns
Awiw Xs AXv . \nnX kzcq]amWXv. ]camm
hns Ghpw hepXpw t{ijvTamb icocw {_m
hnjvWp atlizcmcmsWv ]dbsSpp. AXn
]cammhns ctPmKpWmw iw {_mhmWv. Xtam
KpWmw iw cp{Z.
hnjvWphmWv kXzKpWmwiw. Hcp ]cammhv
XsbmWv aqp cq]fnepw Fp cq]fnepw
]Xns\mv cq]fnepw ]{p cq]fnepw A\Iw
cq]fnepw ImWsSpXv. AXv A\ambn Hmtcm
`qXnepapv. kh{]mWnIfpsS A[n]XnbmWv AXv.
AXnemWv AIpw ]pdpw Bcq]n IpSn
sImpXv.

Amw {]m]mTIw
1. ZznZm hm Gj Bm\w hn`Xybw bx
{]mtWm bmkmhnZnXyx AY Zzu hm GXm
A ky ] m \m A _ ln ml c mt{X
sWtXm hymht tX. Aku hm BZntXym
_ lnc m mIy mKX y m c m t\mf \ aob tX
KXncntXyhw lymhw. AY bx InXv hnZzm
A]lX]m]va m f m[ytm f hZmXa\mkvX
njv T Bhr Npx tkm AcmIym
KXym _lncmt\m f \paobtX KXncntXyhw

702

I lyml AY b Gtjm f

cmZntXy lncbx
]pcptjm bx ]iyXn amw lncWy f hm
Gtjm f tc lrXvjvIc Gh B{intXm Aan.
1. ]cammhv cv Xcnep Bmhp AYhm
kzcq]sf [cnpp. Cu {]mW\pw kqcy\pw BZn
bn Dmbncpp. Ah AIpw ]pdpw cmhpw
]Iepw kcnp sImncpp. kqcy _mlymmhpw
{]mW AmcmmhpamIpp. CXns KXnbm Xs
CXv AcmmhmsWv a\nemmw. CXv KXn cq]
amsWv thZ A`n{]mbsSpp. ]m] clnXamb
m\n khmy\mbnXocpp. Ahs a\v
ipamIpw. Ah ]cam \njvT\pw Ahs m\
Npv XpdpIbpw Ah Acmmhn Xs
nXn sNsSpIbpw sNpp. i{Xp aptJ\ Ah
]pdtp t]mIpp. Bmhns KXn A\pam\n
mhpXmsWmWv thZfpsS A`naXw. kqcys
AImbn ImWp lncb ]pcpj \app
lncWyw ({]mImiw) t]mse tXmpp. lrZbIae
n IpSnsImpXv ]pcpj XsbmWv. AXv Xs Aw `npp.

2. AY b G tjm f tc lrX v ] pjvIc

Ghm{inXx A an k Gjx Anx Znhn
{inXx kucx ImemtJym fZriymx kh`qXm\n
AaoXn. Imx ]pjvIcx Inw atbm thXn. CZw
h mh X X v ] p j vI c w t bm f b am I mti m
ftk y mam X t{k mZ ni k vN X {k D] Z nti m
Zekwm Bkw. AhmKznNcX GXm D]Zntim
Z e k w m B k w. A h mK znN c X G X m
{]mtWmZnXym GXm D]mkoX Hm\ntXyZtcW
hym]rXn`nx kmhnXymx tNXn.
lrZbIaen nX\mbn Aw `npXv
Xsbmb Cu kqcy X\n cq]n BImin
hknpXv. BZriycq]nencpv CXv kh`qXfm
Ip As `npp. Cu Iaew FmWv?
CXn\v Fdnbmw? CXmWv CXns Dcw Cu
BImiamWv Iaew. Cu \mep ZnpIfnepw \mep D]
ZnpIfnepw AXv nXn sNppv. Fmn\pw
AXoXamb Cu {]mWs\bpw BZnXys\bpw HmwF
AcneqsSbpw hymlrXnIfneqsSbpw Kmb{Xn
a{neqsSbpw D]mknWw.

3. tZz hmh {_tWm cqt] aqw Nmaqw

NmY baqw XZkXyw bZaqw. XXy
XZv {_ XtymXnx btymXnx k BZnXy
k h m G j Hma ntX y X Z mX v am `h X v k
t{X[mm\w hymIpcptXm anXn Xnt{km am{Xm
GXm`nx khanZw HmXw t{]mXw N GhkvaoXn

G h w l y ms s l X Z m B Z nX y Hmant X y h w
[ymbtX. Bm\w bpRvPotXXn.

{_n\pw aqw, Aaqw Fns\ cv

k zcq] f p v , aq w A k Xyhpw A aq w
kXyhpamWv. AXv XsbmWv {_w. {_w Xs
tPymXnv. tPymXnmWv Hmw AXv XsbmWv Bmhv.
Bmhv Xs kzcq]s aqmbn hn`Pnpp. Hmw
aqp am{XIfpsS cq]nemIpp. Cu aqpam{XIfn
khhpw HmXt{]mXambncnpp. CXn\mWv khhpw
nXn sNpsX thZ DZvt Lmjnpp.
Asn BZnXy XsbmWv Hmw Fp [ym\np
Bmhns\ ]pcpj AXpambn tNWw.

4. AY\y{Xm ]pw AYJep b DZvKoYx k

{]Wthm bx {]Whx k DZvKoY CXyku hm
BZnXy DZv K oY Gj{]Whm CtXyku hm
B Z nX y DZ vK oY G j {] W h m C t X y h w
lymtlmZvKoYw {]WhmJyw {]mtWXmcw `mc
cq]w hnKX\n{Zw hnPcwhnarXypw {Xn Zw Xycw
]p\x ][m tbw \nlnXw KplmbmantXyhw lymlw Duz aqew {Xn]mZv {_ imJm
B I mi h mbp A n DZ I ` qay mZ b G I x
Aiz\msaXZv {_ss Xssky XttPm
bZkm hZnXyx HmantXyXZcky ssNXXv .
XkvamXv. HmantXyt\\ GXZp]mkoXm P{kanXn.
GtIm ky kwt_m[abtX tXy hw lyml.
GXtZh mcw ]pWy taXtZhmc w ]cw
GXtZh mcw ]pWy taXtZhmc w ]cw
tZXtZhmcw mXzmtbmbZnXn Xky XXv.
DZvKoYw (kmathZnse Hcp `mKw) BWv {]Whw
{]Whw XsbmWv DZvKoYsav thsdsbmcnSv
]dncnpp. {]Whw F\\ \maap Xzw BWv
khsbpw krjvSnpXv. CXv \mahpw cq]hpw
\n{ZmclnXhpw hrmh CmXpw arXypclnX
hpamWv. AXn\v Aphn[apv. AXv lrZbipnbn
hknppshv {ipXnbn ]dbpp. CXns aqew
apIfnepw imJI {_w hscsbpXpamIpp.
BImiw, hmbp, An, Pew ]rYzn FnhbmWv
imJI C GIIzneqsS Fmw {Klnmw. CXm
Ipp {_w. khPlpw AXns kzcq]amIpp.
Hmw F Acns kzcq]amWv kqcy AXn\m
Hmw F Ac{_s {]mnWw. AXneqsS
AXns GIam{Xamb cks a\nemWsav
{ipXnbn ]dbppv. Cu ]hn{Xamb Acs
a\nemn a\pjy Fm{Klnmepw AXv Ah\v
knnpw.

5. A Y m\ y {X m] y w k z\ h tX y j m f
kyX\q tbm anXnkv{Xo ]pw\]pwktIXnenw-

703

I KhtXyjm f Ym{_m cpt{Zm hnjvWp cnXy

[n]XnhtXyjm f YKml]tXym ZnWmncmlh\ob CXnapJhtXy jm f Y EK y Ppx
kmtaXn hnm\htXyjm `q`phx kzcnXntem
I h tX y j m Y `q X w `h y w `h nj y Z nX n
ImehtXyjm Y {]mtWm f nx kqcy CXn
{]Xm]htXyjm f Yam]{am CXym]ymb\
h tX y j m f Y _ p n at \ m fl wI mc
tNX\htXyjm f Y {]mtWm f at\mhym\ CXn
{] mWhtXyt XyX Hman\y pt ss\X mx
{]kv X pXm AnXm AnXm `hntXyhw.
lymssl AssZz kXymImw ]cw Nm]cw N {_
btZmantXyX canXn.
hopw ap]ebnSpw {_icocw i_vZnpp
shv AXv HmwImcsav ]dbppshpw {]kv Xm
hnnpv. kv{Xo]pcpj \]pwkenwK apamIpp CXv.
An, hmbp, kqcy Fo cq]fn {]Imiam\mamb
CXv cp{Z, hnjvWp, Fo cq]fn A[n]XnbmWv.
Kmly]Xyw, ZnWmn, Blh\obw Fnh CXns
aqp apJfmIpp.
EtKzZw, bPpthZw, kmathZw Fo thZ
sfpdnv AXn\v Adnbmw. `px `qhx, kzx Fnh
CXns ImefpamWv. {]mW, An, BZnXy,
Fnh AXns {]Xm]hpw Aw, Pew, N{ Fnh
CXns {]mWfpamsWv At\Iw t] A`n{]mbs
npv. Rm XyPnpp Fv AXv ]dbsncnpp.
AXns\ kv XpXnph\pw AWw sNph\pw
BIpp Fv {ipXnbn ]dbpp. kXyIma, CXv
Xs, CXv XsbmIp ]cm]c{_w CXv Hmw F
AcamIppx

6. AYmhymlrXw hm CZa koXv k kXyw

{]Pm]Xn kvX]kvX]vXzm A\phymlcZv`px `qhx
kzcntXy ssjhmky {]Pm]tXx hnjv T m
X \ q
bte mI
h X oX nk zc nX y
k y mx
intcm\m`nc`pthm `qx ]mZm B ZnXypx
N pc mb ml n ] p c p jk y al X oam{X m
N p j m l y bw
am{ X m c X n
kXyw
sshNpcnWy hntXmln ]pcpjx kthm
f t j p N c X n . G X k vam Z v `q `p h x
kzcnXyp]mkoXm t\\ ln {]mPm]Xn hnizm
kvam hnjzNqcnthm ]mkntXm `hXntXyhw
lyml. Gj m ssh {]P m]tX hniz`r
\ qtc X k y m anZ w k h a l nX ak vanw
k h k ant j m l ntX X n . X k vam tZ tjm]mkoX.
FmtWm hnhcnXv AXv kXyw. {]Pm]Xn X]v
sNbvXv Dcn `px `qhx kzx Fnh aqpw CXns

temIfpw, `qXw, `mhn, ham\w Fnh CXns

ImefpamWv. {]mW, An, BZnXy Fnh
AXns {]Xm]hpw Aw, Pew, N{ Fnh
AXns t]mjWhpamWv. a\v, _pn, Almcw
Fnh CXns tNX\bpw {]mW, A]m\, hym\
Fnh CXns {]mWfpamsWv At\Iw t]
A`n{]mbsnpv . Rm XyPnpp Fv AXv
]dbsncnpp. AXns\ kvXpXnph\pw A
Ww sNph\pw BIpp. Fv {ipXnbn ]dbpp.
kXyIma, CXpXs, CXv XsbmIp ]cm]c{_
w CXv Hmw F AcamIpp.

t\{Xn IpSnsImp ]pcpj XsbmWv

kh ]Zmsf kw_nv hnhcnp XcpXv.
AXn\m `px, `qhx, kzx F hn[n{]ImcamWv D]mkn
tXv. Aw XsbmIpp {]Pm]Xn FmhcpsS
Bmhpw Nppw t]mse AXv D]mkyamsWv
thZw ]dbppv. PKns icocamIp {]Pm]Xn.
CXn khhpw nXnsNpp. Ah Chbnsem
bnSpw nXn sNpXn\m CXns\ D]mknt
XmWv.

7. XXv khnXp htcWy anXyku hm BZnXyx

khnX k hm Ghw {]hcWob BZnXyx khnX
k hm Ghw {]hcWob B Imtat\Xymlq
{_hmZnt\m Y`tm tZhky[oaloXn khnXm
ssh tZhkv X tXm tbm ky `mJymkv X w
Nn bmaoXyml p {_ hmZ nt\m Y[ntbm
`bm\x {]tNmZbmZnXn _ptbmssh [nbkvXm
tbm kvamIw {]tNmKbmZnXymlp {_hmZn\x
AY` CXntbmlhm Aapjv NnmZntXy \nln
X k vX mc tI m
oW n
s s h j ` m J y wx
`m`nKXncky loXn `x `PbXoXn sshj
` C X n c p t {Z m{_ h mZ n\ x A Y `
CXn`mkbXnamw tmIm c CXn cRvP bXo
am\n `qXm\n K CXn. K\y kv a nmK\y
kvamZnam {]PmkvXkvamZv `cKXzmXv `x iizXv
kqbam\mXv kqcyx kh\mXv khnXm. BZm\mXv
BZnXyx ]h\mXv ]mht\m AY Bt]m ]y
b\mZntXyhw lyml. Jep Bt\m Bm.
t\XmarXmJyt Xm am KtmXv {kjvSm
B\bnXm Im hm ckbnXm {LmXm
{Zjv S m t{imXmkv ]piXn N hn`p hn{Ktl
kw\nhnjvS CtXyhw lyml AYb{X ssZzXo
`qXw hnm\w X{Xln irtWmXn ]iyXn
Pn{LXn. ckbXn ssNh kv]ibXn khamm
Pm\otXXn bm{XmssZzXo `qXw hnm\w Imcy
ImcWI \npw \nhN\a\u]ayw
\ncp]mJyw Inw XZmhmNyw.

704

kqcys t{ijvTamb tXPmWv CXv. AYhm

CXpXsbmWv BZnXy CXpXsbmIpp. khnXmhv
(khtbpw krjvSnpXv) Cs\ a\nemn
Btp AXns\ kzoIcnm {imephmbncn
Wsav {_hmZnI ]dbpp. Rfntm Cu
kqcy tZhs hs [ym\npp. FpsIms
m AXp \psS ap]n \npp. Ahs hw
hrnsb {]m]npsImncnppv. \msans\bmWv
NnntsXv {_ hmZnI tNmZnpp. Dcw
Cs\bmWv \psS _pnsb Do]npXv, kmntemv \bnpXv FmWv. {_hmZnI ]dbp
Xv.
C t m h i _ v Zs h y m Jy m \n p p .
kqcy\n m]nXambncnpXmWv hw. IWn
bn hw F t]cv AXpXsbmWpXv. B
hns ImnbnemWv a\pjy Ka\n\v inbpw
ZrUXbpw DmIpXv. AXpsImv CXv khn
t\bpw X]nnpp. AXn\m CXv hamWv. AYhm
{]mWnIsf cRvPnnpXn\m hamWv. AYhm
CXv {]mWnIfn KanpXn\m hamWv. AYhm
CXv temIn hcnIbpw t]mIpIbpw sNp p.
AYhm CXv CXn\mbnv {]PbmIpw. AYhm CXv Fmnt\bpw [cnpIbpw t]mjnnpIbpw sNp
Xn\m hamIpp.
CXv i{Xpsf \innpXn\m kqcy\mWv.
khtbpw krjvSnpXn\m khnXmhmWv. khtbpw {]IminnpXn\m BZnXy\mWv. k
hs ]mh\ampXn\m ]ham\amWv. khKman
bmbXn\mepw khm{ibambXn\mepw CXv BZnXy\m
Ipp. CXv kzbw BmhpamIpp. AarXsadnb
sSp CXv khXns\ AdnbnpIbpw NnnpIbpw sNpp. CXv Kanpp, krjvSnpp, B\w
\Ipp, Nnnpp, ]dbpp, cpNndnbpp,
{LmWnpp, kv ]inpp, icocn hym]nncnpp. Dam\cq]amsWv thZ ]dbp CXv
hnm\ ssZzX cq]w sImpXv FhnsSbmtWm
AhnsS tIpIbpw ImWpIbpw aWnpIbpw cpNn

AdnbpIbpw kv] inpIbpw sNpp. Fm

CsXmw Bmhv XsbmsWv ZrVambn Xocp
am\nWw. AXn\m hnm\w AssZzXamIp nSv
AXv ImcyImcW clnXhpw Ah\obhpw D]amc
lnXhpw hymJym\clXhpamIpp. CXns\pdnv
FmWv ]dbm IgnbpI?

8. Gj ln Jep Btim\x iw`p `thm cp{Zx

{]P m]Xnx hnizk rIv , l ncay K`x k Xyw
{]mtWm lwkx imkvXm hnjvWpx \mcmbWx
Ax khnXm [mXm, hn[Xm, k{amSv, C{x
Cpx CXn. b Gj X]Xyncnhmn\m ]nlnXx
klss{ktW lnc atb\m\t\. Gj
hmhhnmn Xthym t\zjvShyx kh`qtX
t`ym `bw ZXzmcWyw KXzm Y _lnx IrXzm C{nbm m k zm c o c mZ p ] e t`s s X \ a nX n.
h ni zc q]w l nc W w PmX th Zk w ] cmbW w
tPymXntcIw X]w. kl{kciv a nx iX[m
ham\x {]mWx {]Pm\mapZbtXy j kqcyx
CXv XsbmWv Bmhv, CXv XsbmWv kh\nmhpw, Cuizc\pw, ic\pw, `h\pw, cp{Z\pw,
{]Pm]Xnbpw, hniz{kjvSmhpw lncWy K`\pw, kXyhpw, {]mW\pw lwkhpw, imhpw, hnjvWphpw, \mcmbW\pw, A\pw, khnXmhpw, [mXmhpw, km{ampw, C{\pw, N{\pw. Cu Ancq]n k]vXhpw At\ImbncfpsS t\{Xcq]n {]Imiabamb B\n
hym]vX\mbpw nXn sNp CXns\bmIpp Adn
ncntXv. kh {]mWnIpw A`bw \In
h\n t]mbn AXns\ At\zjntXpv. C{nbhnjbw XyPnphv AXv AhcpsS icocn
\np e`npXmWv. CXv XsbmIp hnizkz
cq]\pw tXPkznbpw P\nphsc Adnbph\pw
khcpsSbpw ]cam{ibm\hpw tIhew tPymXn
cq]n X]nph\pamb Cu kqcys\ ]cammhv
kl{kIncW\pw, At\Ihn[n hnph\pw
{]PIfpsS {]mWcq]ambn DZnph\pamWv.
ssa{XmbWyp]\njv kam]np.

705

I
1

ssat{X-p-]-\n-jv 3

imna{w
Hmw. B]ymbp aamwKm\n hmIv {]mW
px t{im{XatYm _ean{nbmWn NkhmWn
khw {_tm]\njZw amlw {_ \ncmIpcymw
am am {_ \ncmItcmZ \ncmImtcmZ \ncmIcW
akv X p A\ncmIcWw ta Akv X p. XZm\n
\nctX b D]\njp [m kvtX abn kp
tX abn kvXp tX abn kp Hmw. imnx imnx
imnx.
Fs AwK hnImkw {]m]ns. hmWn {LmWw Npv , t{imXw _ew Fm C{nb Ch
A`nhrn {]m]ns. kIe D]\njpIfpw {_amIpp. Fn \nv {_w XyPnsSm\nSbmIcpXv
. {_w Fs XyPnm\nSbmIcpXv.As\ {_cX\mbn F\nv D]\jn {]Xn]mZnXfmb [ {]m]nm\nShcs. Hmw imnx imnx imnx

{]YtamAymbx
_rl{ZtYm ssh\ma cmPm cmtPym tPyjvTw
]p{Xw \n[m]bntXzZaimizXw a\yam\x icocw
sshcmKyapt]tXmcWyw \nPKma. k X{X ]caw
X] BmbmZnXyaoamWv. Du[z_mlpkvXn
jvT Xn At kl{kky apcnIam PKma
Ancnh A[paIkvtX Pkm \nlnhm
hnZv `hm imIm\yb Dnjvt TmnjvT hcw
hrWotjzXn cmPm\a{_hoXv. k Xkvs sa \a
kvXrtXym hmN`hm \mlamhnX Xzw XXz
hnXvirWptam hbwam ]r. {]iv\ ssazmWm
\ym ImamhrWotjzXn. imImb\yky NcWm
]`nariamt\m cmPXmw KmYmw PKmZ.
_rl{ZY F cmPmhn\v icocw\inpXm
sW t_m[w DmbXns\pSv sshcmKyw DZnp.
AXn\m Atlw cmPyw aq]p{X\p sImSpv
h\n t]mbn AhnsS ITn\amb X]\pjvTnp.
Atlw kqcy\p t\v t\mn ssIbpbn \np.
Bbnw sImn\ptijw X]ns ^eambn Hcn
]pIbnm Ant]mse tXPkznbmb imIma\y
Fp t]cpff Bthmhmb almap\n Atln
s ASpsn. Atlw cmPmhnt\mSp ]dp-x ""Fgptp. Fgptp. hcw BhiysSpI''.
Atm cmPmhv Atls \akv Icnv ]dpx
""`Khms\, Rm Bmthmh. Av XXzm

XmhmWv Fv Rm tInpv F\np XXzw D]tZinp

XcWw .''
AXptIv almap\nbmb imIma\y hnjbw Gsd
GsXnepw hcw BhiysSm ]dp. AXptIv
_rl{ZY cmPmhv imImb\yap\nbpsS cp ImepIfpw
]nSnv ]dp.

2. A Y I nt as s X h m \ y m\ mw t i mj W w
almWhm\mw inJcnWm {]]X\w {[phky
{] N e \ w m\ w bm X c q W mw \ n a \ w
]rYnhymm\mZ]kcWw kpcmWmw. tkm
flantXyXZ znhnt[ Akv a n kwkmtc Inw
Imtam]t`mssKssbtchm {inXky AkIrZp ]mh\w ZriyX CXyppw al koXn
AtmZ]m\ t`I Chmlakv a n kwkmtc
`Kh Xzw t\m KXncnXn.
henb IS hpp. ]hXw XIcpp. {[ph\
{Xhpw Xs m\n\v amdpp. hrw ]ngpXp
hogpp. `qan kap{Zn Xmgpp. tZhmpw
\ne\nm\mIpn. As\ \inp {]]
n t`ml sImv Fp{]tbmP\w? hnjbkpJ
fn apnb PohnIv hopw hopw Pmac
WfpsS N{In IdtXmbn hcpp. AXn\m
ap\nt{ijvTm s]mnWnse Xhft]mse Ignbp
F\nv DcWn\v At klmbapff `mKhms\,
Cu kwkmcn F\nv icWambnpffXv Ap
Xs.

3. `Khm icocanZw ssaYp\m tZthmZv`pXw

kwhnt[yX \ncb Gh aq{XZzmtcW \njv{Im
an`nnXw amwtk\m\p en]vX w NWm
h _ w h n aq{X h mX ] n I ^ a m
tatZmhkm`n css\y a sse _lp`nx ]cn
]qw. GXmZrti icotc ham\ky `Kh,
Xzw t\mKXncnXn.
3. Atbm `Khms\, ssaYp\mepmb Cu
icocw m\clnXambm AXns\ \cIsav
a\nemWw. ImcWw, CXv aq{XZzmcneqsS ]pdp
hXmWv. AnsImpmnbXmWv. amwkabamWv.
tXmsImv s]mXnXmWv. aew aq{Xw ]nw a
Cs\ ]e aefpw \ndXmWv. As\bpff
icocn Ignbp F\nv ApXsbmWv Hcp
icWw.

706

I 4.

AX\pkcnmIpw Ahs KXn. CsXmcp k\mX\

knmamIpp. 10.Nnw imambnocptm ip`m
ip` I \jvSamIpp.;im\mbno a\p
jy Bmhn ebnpp. Atm Ah\v Ab
amb B\w e`npp.

5. kv]ikv]imZtXm tb f m A\m
Ch tX nXmx tbjmw kkvXp `qXmm \
kvatc ]cw ]Zw.

11.

4.5. CXp tIv `Khm\mb imImb\yap\n Ghpw

{]k\mbn cmPmhnt\mSv ]dp:- "" `Khms\, Bm
shm FmWv, AsXmv hnhcnp Xcq.'' CXp tIv
ap\n ]dp:- i_vZw kv]iw XpSnb hnjb
A\apmphbmWv. Ahbn Bk\mb
`qXmmhv ]ca]Zw {]m]npIbn.

6.

X]km{]m]ytX kXzw kXzmXv kw

{]m]ytX a\x
a\km {]m]ytXlymm lymm
]Xym \nhtX

X]psImv m\w {]m]npp. m\m

a\v hiambm Bmhv e`npp. Bmhp
e`nm {]]n \nv apn Inpp.

7.

bYm \ncnt\m hnx kzbtathm ]iyayXn

XYm hrnbmnw kzbtathm]
imayXn

8.

kzbtathm ] imky a\kx kma Kman\x

C{nbm hnaqVkym \rXm
Imahim\p Kmx

9.

NnntahlnkwkmckvXXv {]bXvtX\\
tim[ tbXv
bnkvXtbm`mXn KplytaXXv
k\mX\w.

10. Nnky ln {]kmtZ\ ln

I ip`mip`w
{]kmm \nnXzm kpJahyaiv\p tX
7. hndIv Xop Ignm An kzbw sISpp.
AXpt]mse hrnI \inp Ignbptm Nnw
AXns ImcW`qXamb Bmhn imamIpp.
8. Xs aqImcWn imambXpw kXyn\pt\v XncnXpamb C{nbfpsS aqVX ZqcnemIptm IhiKfmb hnjb hymPsf
m\apmIpp.
9. Nnw XsbmWv kwkmcw. AXn\m {iasv
AXns\ ipamWw. Hcphs a\ss\bmWv

AY, `Khms\ imImb\yx kp{]otXmf

{_hoXv cmP\w.almcmP _rl{ZY CzmIp
h wi [ zP i o jm I r X I rX y k v X zw
acpmavt\m hn{iptXm koXybw Jezmm tX .
IXa `Kh hWy CXn. Xw tlm hmN.

kamkw bZm Nnw Ptm

hnjbtKm Ntc
bmssZyhw {_WnkymXv tIm
\ aptNyX _\m

12. lrXv ]pWvUcoI atyXp `mhtbXv

]ctaizcw.
kmoWw _pnhrky ]ca
t{]a tKmNcw
13. AtKmNcw at\m hmNmw AZqXm[n
kkw]vfhw
kmam{X {]ImssiI {]Imiw `h\mXnKw
14. Atlba\p]mtZbakmam\y hntijWw
{[phw kvXnanX Kw`ocw \ tXtPm
\ kakvXw
\nhnIev]w \ncm`mkw \nhmWab kwhnZw
15. \nXyx iptm _pap kz`mhx
kXyx kqaw kwhn`qzm ZznXobx
B\ _v[o bx ]cx tkmf lakvan
{]XyKv [mXq \m{X kwKoXnckvXn.
11. a\pjys Nnw F{Xam{Xw _mly hnjbfn
BkamWv A{Xbpw {_ hnjbfn B k\mIpIbmsWn _\fn \nv ap\mIpI.
kz`mhnIamWv.
12. lrZbIaens a[yn _pnbpsS kakvX
Ipw kmnbmbn ]cat{]a hnjbIamb
Cuizcs m\w DmIWw.
13. Cu ]cammhv a\kpsImtm hmpsImtm
AdnbsSmhpX. AXv B`yclnXamWv. GIam{Xamb k{Xq]{]Imim {]IminXambnocpp. AXv
NnbvpdpffXmWv.
14. AXns\ {KlnpItbm ssIhnpIfbpItbm sNpXn\v kmam\y `mhnstbm hntij`mhnstbm
Iev]\ sNtXn. AXv imhpw Kw`ochpw BWv.
tXP ; AImchpa. kev]clnXhpw B`mkclnXhpw apkzm`mhhpw kXyhpw kqvahpw khhym]Ihpw GIam{Xhpw BWv. Cu ]cam\kmKcns {]tXyI kzcq]w [cnpXpw Rm Xs.
AXn bmsXmcp kwibhpan.

707

I 16.

B\ a \nPam{ib
amim ]nimNo aham\bw
BtemI bw PKZn{ Pme
am]XvIYw amw {]hntiZ kwKw

17. hWm{iamNmbpXm hnaqVm

Iam\pktcW ^ew e`t
hmZn [w ln ]cnXyPx
kzm\ Xr]vXmx ]pcpjm `hn
18. hWm{iaw kmhbhkzcq]
aZy bpw lyXn IrNv{N am{Xw
]p{XmZntZtljzm`nam\ iq\yw
`qXzm htkXv kuJyXta ly\t CXn
16. Ax IcWn e`nm Ignbp B\n
Ignbph\pw BibmIp ]nimNns\ Zqcn Xfph\pw kIe temIsbpw ]mmnsbtmse ImWp
AkwK\pambh\v BnI ZpxJw DmIpsX
s\bmWv?
17. hm{ia [ ]menp aqVmcmWv
XfpsS IfpsS ^ew A\p`hnpXv. Fm
hmZn [ ssIhnv Bmhn Ddp\nevp
hyn BcnIamb B\w sImp Xs kpjvS\mIpp.
18. hm{ia [, AXpt]mse Ahbh
tfmSp IqSnb Cu icocw CsXmw Ahkm\apffhbmWv.
AXn\m ZpxJ ZmbIfmWv. AXn\m ]p{XmZnIfnepw
icocnepw hymtamlw shSnp ]cam\cq]amb
A\ kzcq]n n\mbn hnWw.
Hmw A[ymbw Ignp.

[znXotbm f ybx
AY`Khm ssa{XbssIemkw PKma XwK
tXzmhmN t`m `Kh ]ca XXz lkya\p{_q
loXn.k. tlm hmN almtZhx
tZhmebx I
t{]mx kPnhx tIhex inhx
XytPZm\ I

{_marXw ]nt_Zvss`amNtcZv
tZlc tW
htktZImntIm `qXzm ssNImt
ssZzX hPntX
CtXy]amNtcXv [oam k Ghw
apn am]v\pbmXv.

4.

PmXw arXanZw tZlw amXm ]nXr aemIw

kpJ ZpxJ ebmta[yw kv] pjvSzmkv\m\w
hn[obtX

5.

[mXp_w almtcmKw ]m]anc a {[phw

hnImcmImc hnkvXow kv]yjvSzm
kv\m\w hn[obtX

1. Hcn `Khm ssat{Xb ssIemk ]hn

t]mbn almtZht\mSv tNmZnp: ""`Khms\, ]camXXzns clkyw FtmSv ]dmepw''. almtZh
]dp:'' icocw tZhmebamIpp. AXn Poh
tIhew ]cammhmWv. AXn\m Am\cq]amb
\nmeyw ssI shSnv ]cammhv Rm XsbmsWp a\nemn AXns\ ]qPnpI.
2. Poh\pw ]cammhpw Xn t`Zw AdnbmXncnpIsbXmWv m\w. a\ns\ hnjbfn \nv
thsSpWw. AXmWv kv\m\w. C{nbsf hinempXmWv ]hn{XX.
3. {_mamIp AarXw IpSnpIbpw tZl cWn\v `n tXSnbpw IgnbpI. _pnam\mbh
Cs\ kcnp. apnsb {]m]npp.
4. amXm]nXmamcm \nnsXpw PacWtfmSp IqSnbXpamb Cu icocs kv]inm IpfntXmWv.
5. Ggp [mXpfm \nnXhpw almtcmKw IeXpw ]m]ns hoSn\p Xpeyhpw Anchpw hnImcabhpamb Cu icocs kv ]inm IpfntXmWv.

6.

\hZzmcae{kmhw kZm Imte kz`mhPw

ZpKw Zpatemt]Xw kv]rjvSzmkv\m\w
hn[obtX

7.

am{Xm kqXI kw_w kqXtI

kl PmbtX
arX kpXIfpw tZlw kv]rjvSzm kv\m\w
hn[obtX

8.

Alw ataXn hnaq{Xte]KmZn tamN\w

ipiuNanXn t{]mw arem`yw
Xp euIoIw

\nmeyw tkm f lw `mth\ ]qPtbXv I

2.. At`ZZi\mm\w [ym\w
\nhnjbw a\x
kv\m\wat\maeXymKx OuN
an{nb \n{Klx

3.

708

I 9.

NnipnIcw iuNw hmk\m {Xb\mi\w

m\ sshcmKy artmssbxm
f\mXv iuN apNytX

10. AssZzX`mh\m ss``bw ZzX `mh\w

Kpcp imkv{Xm `mht\ `ntmss`w
hn[obtX.
6. Iv, sNhn XpSnb H]Xp ZzmcfnIqSn
Ftmgpw aew ]pdv hpsImncnpp. Ah ZpK
`cnXhpamWv. As\ ZpjvShpw aen\hpamb
icocw kv]inm IpfntXpv.
7. AbpsS B iuNtmS\p_nv B iuNapffXn\m a\pjy AipntbmsSbmWv P\npXv.
acWns B iuNhpw Dv. As\bpff icocw
kv]inm IpfnWw .
8. aew aq{Xw ZpKw XpSnbhbpsS ipn av
shffw Ch sImv \opp. AXv euInIipnbmWv.
hmkvXhnIamb ipn ""Fs F\nv'' Fp XpSnb
`mh\ ssIshSnbpXnemWv.
9. ]cnipn Nns hnipZ[ampp. AXv ImamZnIfIpp. PmRm\amIp apw sshcmKyamIp
Pehpw sImv IgpInbm ipnbpmIpw. AXmWv
bYmnepff ]hn{XX.
10. AssZzX`mh\ A`yhkvX phmIpp. `np
Kpcphnsbpw imkv{Xnsbpw \ntia\pkcnv
`n tXSWw.

11.

hnZzm kztZiapXv krPy

k\ymkm\w kzXx
ImcmKm hn\pap tNmchXv ZqtXmhtkXv

12. AlmckpXw hnw {`mXw tamlancw

Bim]Xv\ow Xy tPZymhXv Xmaptm
\ kwibx
13. arXm tamlabo ambmPmtXm
t_m[abx kpXx
kqXI Zzb kw{]m]vXu IYw
kymap ]mkva tl
14. lrZmImti NnZmZnXyx kZm`mkXn `mkXn
\mkvXtaXn \ tNmtZXn IYw kym
ap]mkva tl
15. GI tahmZznXobw bZv Kptcm
hmtIy\ \nnXw
GXtZIm anXypw \ aTw \ h\mcw

11. Iff XShdbn \nv tamN\w t\Sn Zqsc hbnSpw IgnbpXpt]mse m\nbmb hyn kw\ymkw kzoInv Xs tZin \nv Zqtc Xmaknm\m{Klnpp.

12. Almc\mb ]p{Xs\bpw [\cq]\mb tkmZcs\bpw tamlcq]amb Krlsbpw Bimcq]amb

]Xv\ntbbpw Dt]nph s]sp Xs ap
\mbnocpp. FXn bmsXmcp kwibhpw C.
13. Am\amIp A acnp, m\amIp
]p{X\pmbn. As\ acWnsbpw P\\n
sbpw amb_n IqSpnb F\nv ]ns
kym h\mZnI Fs\ sNm Ignbpw?
14. lyZbamIp BImin ssNX\ymIamb
kqcy Ftmgpw {]IminpsImncnpp. AXn\v
AkvX a\saXn. DZbhpw C. ]ns Fs\
kymh\w sNm Ignbpw ?
15. AhnsS kIeXpw HmWv. thsd Hpw C. As\bpff Kpcphns D]tZim, aTtam h\aytam
Hpw GImm\as t_m[w F\npmbncnpp.

16. AkwibhXmw apnx kwibmhnjvS

tNXkmw
\ apn P Pmt Xkvam Zznizmk
am]v\pbmXv
17. Ia XymKm kw\ymtkm \
t{]tjmctW\ Xp
ku Pohmt\msscIyw kw\ymkx
]cnIo nXx
18. ha\mlhZy ky `mXn kthjWmZnjp
Xkym[nImx kw\ymtk XztZlm`nam\n\x
19. bZm am\knsshcmKyw PmXw kthjp
hkv Xpjp
XssZh kw\ymtkZznZzm A\yYm
]XntXm `thXv
20. {Zhyma hkv{Xmwbx {]XnjvSm
tah hmk\ymtk Zp`b{`jvSx kapnw
\m]vXp alXn.
16. kwibclnXt\ ap\mIm km[npIbpffp.
kwib {KkvX\v At\I P sImvapn e`npIbn. AXn\m Kpcphnsbpw im{fpsSbpw
hN\fn hnizkanWw.
17. I ]nXyPnp shpam{Xw kw\ymkamIpIbn. ""Rm k\ymkn\nbmWv''. Fp ]dXpsIm-

709

I pam{Xw Hcm k\ymknbmbnocpIbn. kam[nbn

Poh]ammfpsS GIXpmIptmtg k\ymkamIpIbpffp.
18. bmsXmcph\vkIe CIfpw On ]Zmstmse tXmpp. bmsXmcm tZlns aaX
ssIhnp., Ah\v am{Xta k\ymkn\v A[nImapffq.
19. kIe ]Zmsfkw_npw a\n sshcmKyw hpZnpp. Adnhpff hynt kw\ymknbmIm km[npIbpffq. Am ]w]X\amWv.
]cnWmaw.
20. ]WwkmZnm thntbm `Ww e`npXn\pthntbm {]ikvXnpthntbm kw\ymkw kzoIcnph p temIn \npw {`jvS\mbnocpp.Abmv Hcnepwapn e`npIbn.

21. Dam XXz Nnssh a[yaw

imkv{XNn\w
A[am a{NnmNXnw {`my [am[am
22. A\p`qXnw hn\m aqtVm ]rYm
{_Wn tamZtX
{]Xn_nw_nX imJm{K ^emkzmZ\tam ZhXv
23. \ XytPt ZyXn aptmtbm am[pIamcw
sshcmKy P\Iw {im If{Xwm\\\w
24. [\hrm htbmhrm hnZymhrm
kvX ssYh N
tX kth PmRm\ hrky Incmx
injy Incm
25. a\zmbbm tamlnX tNXtkm amw
Bm\ am ]q a e_v[hx
]cw hnZKvtm Z ]qcWmb
{`an ImIm Ch kqtbm ]n
21. XXzhnNmcamWv Daw. imkv {XhnNmwa[yaamIpp. a{km[\ A[aamWv. Xofn AebpI
A[anepw A[aamIpp.
22. Hcp acns Imbns {]Xn^e\w Iv AXp
Xnv hniSmsav IcpXpXpt]mse hmkvX hnIamb A\p`htmSp IqSmsX aqV]pcpj {_m\w
{]m]nmsav hrYm `mh\ sNpp. 23. [\ hr
mcpw {]mbm hrmcpw hnZymhrmcpw Fmw
A\p`h m\nepw tammI m\nepw
hrcmbhcpsS themtcm injymtcm am{XamWv.
25. bmsXmcp ambm {]`mhm aqVaXnIfmbn
""Rm '' F Bmhns\ icndnbpn. Ah

_pnammcmsWnepw shdpw Imsbtmse hbp

\ndbvm AXnsebnXnsb Aebpp.

26. ]mjmW temlaWn arab hn{KtljvS

]pPm ]p\P\\ t`mKIco apaptm
Xkva mZymXnx kzlrZbm P\tah IpcymXv
_mlym\w ]ntl Z]p\ `hmb
27. Ax ]qtm _lnx]qx]q Ipw`
Chmth
Ax iqt\ym _lnx iyqt\ym
iq\yIpw` Chmw_tc
28. am `h {Kmly `mhmm `mhmm N am `h
`mh\maJnew Xyzm bnjvSw Xtbm `h
29. Zrjv SZi\ Zriym\n Xzm hmk\bm kl
Zi\ {]Yam `m kam\w tIhew `P
30. kwim khkev] bm inemh
Zh nXnx
Pm{Kn{Zm hn\napm km kzcq]
nXnx ]cm
26. Iv, kzw, av Ch sImpmnb hn{KlfpsS ]qP tammnIsf kw_nnStmfw ]p\PmZn tit D]IcnpIbpffp. AXn\m
kw\ymkn Cs\bpff _mly hkvXpfpsS ]qPmZnIfn hym]rXmIcpXv.
27. kap{Zn C IpSn\v AIpw ]pdpw Pew
\ndncnpw. Imbv v shXv AIpw ]pdpw
iq\yambncnpw.
28. \o kzoIcnph\mIcpXv. AXpt]mse {KlWtbmKyamb hizq]hpamIcpXv. kIe Iev]\Ifpw ssIhnv _mnbpffXn am{Xw Xev]\mbn `hnpI.
29. ZrjvSw, Zriyw, Zi\w ChbpsS hmk\ ssIhnv
bmsXmn \nv Zi\ns B`mkapmIpp.
B Bmhns\ `PnpI.
30. bmsXmcp\n kIe kIe kev]fpw imambncnpp. bmsXmcph\n PmlrXnbpw \n{Zbpw AIncnpp, As\ shdpw ]mdp t]msebpff
Ah AXp XsbmWv kzcq]mh.
cma[ymbw Ignp.

XrXntbmymbw
1.

Alakvan ]cmkvan {_mkvan

{]`mthm kvaylm
khtemI Kpcpmkvan kh temtImkvan
tkmkva ylw

710

I 2.

Altahmkvan knmkvan iptmkvan

]ctam kvaylw
Alakv]n kZmtkmkvan \ntXymkvan
hnatem kvaylw

8,9,10. Rm GIkwJym hnlo\\pw ZznkwJymhnlo\\pamWv. Rm kZkZv`m]lo\\pw AJWvUm\hn{Kl\pamWv. A\y\pw tZlmZn clnX\pamWv Rm.
B{imbm{inbnlo\\pw ip{_hpw HsbmWv
Rm. Nnm[nkhlo\, t{ijvTXa,]cmXv]c,
hnNmccq], hnNmc Cu AhIsfmw F\npv.

3.

hnmt\mkvan hntitjmkvan tkmtam

kvank Itemkvaylw
ipt`mkvan timIlot\mkvan ssNXt\ym
kvan ktam kvaylw

4.

am\mham\ lotdmkvan \nKptWmkvan

inthm kvaylw
ssZzXmssZzX hnlot\mkvan Zzz lot\m
kvantkm kvaylw

11.

`mhm`mhhnlot\mkvan `mjm lot\mkvan

`kva ylw
iq\ymip\y {]`mthmkvan tim`\m
tim`t\m kvaylw

12. kh{X ]q cqt]mkvan

knZm\ eWw

XqeymXpey hnlot\mkva n \nXyx ipw

kZm inhx
khm kh hnlot\mkva n kmXzntIm
kvan kZmkvaylw

13. eymey holot\mkvan tab lo\x

inthm kvaylw

5.

6.

16 Rm `hnpp. Rm ]c\mbn `hnpp. Rm

{_hpw {]`hhpamWv. Rm khtemI Kpcphpw
kh temIhpamWv.Rm temIhpamWv. Rm kn\pw
ip\pw ]cakzcq]\pw \nXyhpw hnae\pamIpp.
R m h nP v R m \ h p w h nt i j h p w t k m a \ p w
kIehpamIpp. ip` timIlo\, ssNX\y ka
CsXms Rm\mWv . Rm am\mham\lo\\pw
\nKpW\pw inh\pw ssZzXm ssZzXholo\\pw `mjm
lo\\pw `mbpw ip\yip {]`mh\pw tim`\mi\pw Xpeyhnlo\\pw \nXy\pw ip\pw kZm inh\pw Fm
Rm\mIpp. Rm khmkh holo\\pw kmXzo
I\pw Bbn `hnpp.

8.

GIkwJym hnlot\mkvan ZznkwJym

hm\lw \N
kZkZv t`Zlot\mkvan ]yJWvtUm
\ hn{Klx
\mlakvan \Nmt\ymkvan tZlmZn
clntXm kvaylm

9.

B{ibm{ibn lot\mkvan B[mcclntXm

kvaylm
_tam hnlot\mkva n ipZv{_mkva n
tkmkva ylm

10. NnmZnkhlot\mkva n ]ctamkvan

]cmtamkvao ]cmXv]c

kZmhnNmc cqt]mkvan \nhnNmtcmkvan

tkmkva ylw

BImtcmImc cqt]mkvan
aImtcmkvan k\mX\w
[ym\m[ym\ hnlot\mkvan t[yblo
t\mkvan tkmkvaylw

kh Xokzcqt]mkvan ]camm kvaylw

amXp am\hnlot\mkvan tab lo\x

iothm kvaylw
14. \ PKXv khZyjvSmkvan t\{XmZnclntXm
kva ylw
{]_ptmkvan {]_pkvan {]mktmkvan
ltcm kvaylw
15. kh{nb hnlot\mkvan khI
IrZhylw
khthZm Xr]vtXmkvan khZmky
et`mkva ylw
11,12,13,14,15. Rm AImc DImc aImc cq]\pw k\mX\\pamWv; [ym\w A[ym\w Chbnmh\pw t[yb
lo\\pw kh{X ]qcq]\pw knZm\ eW\pw
BWv Rm. AXpt]mse Rm khXokzcq],
]cammhv, eymeyhnln\,eblo\, am\w
sNph, am\hnlo\ tablo\, inh Hs
Rm Xs. Rm kIe PKpw Zinph\pw
t\{XmZnclnX\pw, {]_p\pw, {]k\pw lwk\pw
kth{nb hnlo\\pw kh I Irpw kh
thZm Xr]vX\pw khZmkpe`\pw Bbn `hnpp.

16. apZnXm apZnXm tJymkvan khau\

^tem kvaylw
\nXyw Nnm{X cqt]mkvan
kntbm kvaylw

711

I 17.

bXv InnZ]n lot\mkvan kZm

kntbm kvaylw
lrZb {Kn lot\mkvan lrZbmw
_pPa[yKx

18. jUv hnImc hnlot\mkvan jUtImic

lntXm kvaylw
AcnjUz aptm kvan AcmZtcm
kvaylw
19. tZiIme hnapIvtXmkvan

ZnKw_ckptJm
kv aylw

AkvX n\mkvXn hnaptmkvan \Imcc

lntXm kvaylw
20. AJWvUmImi cqt]mkvan ]yJWvU mImc
akva ylw
{]]ap Nntmkvan {]]
clntXmkv a ylw
16,17,1,8,19,20. Rm apZnX\pw AapZnX\pw khau
\^ehpw \nXyNnm{X cq]\pw knb\pw Hpan
mh\pw kZm knb\pw lrZb {Knlo\\pw
lrZbmw_pP a[yK\pw jUv hnlmchnlo\\pw
jUvtImilnX\pw Acnj kz ap\pw Acn
\nv Achpw tZiImehnap\pw ZnKw_ckpJ\pw
AkvXn\mkvXn hnapIvX\pw \ImcclnX\pw AJWvUm
Imicq]\pw AJWvUmImc\pw {]]papIvXNn\pw
{]]clnX\pw Bbn`hnpp.

21. kh{]Imi cqt]mkvan Nnm{X

tPymXnkva ylw
Ime{Xb hnaptmkvan ImamZn
clntXm kvaylw

22. Ima\m`n hnaptmkvan \nKpWx tIhtem

kvaylw
bpnlot\mkvan aptmkvan tamlot\m
kvaylw kZm
23. kXymkXyhnlot\mkvan km{Xm
hm\lw kZm
KhytZi lot\mkvan Ka\mZnhnhPnXmx
24. khZmkacqt]mkvan imtmkvan
]pcptjmax
Ghw kzm\p `thm bky tkmlakvan
\ kwibw
bx irtWmXn kIrZzmln {_ssh `hXn
kzbw CXyp]\njXv
21, 22,23,24,25. Rm kh{]Imicq]\pw Nnm{X tPymXnpw Ime{Xbhnap\pw ImamZnclnX\pw Ima\mhn
an\pw \nKpW\pw tIhe\pw apnlo\\pw ap
\pw tamlo\\pw kXymkXyhnlo\\pw Khy
tZilo\\pw Ka\ hnhPnX\pw Fpw kacq]\pw
im\pw ]pcptjma\pw BIpp. Cs\sbmapff
kzm\p`htmSpIqSnbh\mWv Rms\Xn kwib
an. CXv Hcp {]mhiysanepw tIph {_w
Xsbmbn `hnpp.
ssat{Xbp]\njv kam]np.

bm-h-evtIym-]-\n-jv 3

imn-]mTw
Hmw ]q-aZx ]qanZw ]qmXv ]qap-{Z-NytX ]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]q-ta-hmh
injytX Hmw imnx imnx imnx
B ]c-{_ kh-hn-[-nepw ]q-am-Ip-p. Cu
{]]-hpw ]q-am-Ip-p. ]q-amb ]c-{_--n

\np-amWv Cu ]q {]]w Dm-bn-p--Xv. ]qn \nv ]q-sa-Sp-mepw ]qw Xs Ahtijn- p- p.

lcn Hmw AY P\tIm l sshtZtlm bmh- e vI y- ap- ] -k -t a-t Xym-h mN `Kh k\ym-k -a \p
{_plo-Xn. IYw k\ym-k-e-Ww k tlmhmN
bm-hevIyx {_-Ncyw kamly Krlo `thXv

712

I Krlm-Zz\o `qXzm {]{h-tPXv bZn thX-cYm {_-Ncym- t Zh {] {h- t P- X v. Kr lm- Z zm- h - \ mZzmx AY
]p\{hXo hm A{hXo hm kv \ mXtIm hm
Akv\m-XtIm hm D-m-KvZnc \ntIm hm b
Zl-t ch hnc-t P- - Z- l - tch {]{h-t PXv XtZtI
{]mPm-]-Xym-ta-thnw Iphn AYhm \ Ipcym
Zmt-m-tah IpcymXv Anln {]mWx {]mWta-ssh-Xbm ItcmXn ss{X[m-h-Xo-bm-tah IpcymXv
GX-ssbh {Xtbm [mXthm bZpX kXzw cP-kvXa
CXn Abw tX tbm\n EXzntPm btXm PmtXm
Atcm- N Ymx X w Pm\- B tcm- l m- [ mt
hbm cbn-anXy t\\ at{m-Wm-nam Pnt{LXv
Gj hm At tbm\nb {]mWw K kzmw
tbm\nw K kzmtl-tXyh ta ssh XZm {KmamZn amlr-Xy-]qh-h-Z-n-am-Pn-t{LXv
]ns Hcn- hntZ-l-cm-Pm-hmb P\-I bm-hevIys\ kao-]nv ]d-p. `K-hm-s\, Av Rv
k\ym-km-{i-a-s- n ]dp Xcp-I. FmWv k\ymk
eWw? Atm bm-he
- vIy ]dp bYm-hn[n
{_-N-cym-{iaw Ah-km-\n-n-X
- n-\p-tijw Krl-m-{i-an {]th-in--Ww. Krl-m-{iaw A\p-jT
v nv ]p{X-an{Xm-Zn-I-fpsS kpJ- samw A\p-`-hn- -Xn-\p- tijw hm\-{]- \mbn k\ymkw {Kln--Ww. As-n PntX-{n-b-\m-sWn {_-N-cy-n \np Xstbm Cm-\p-k-cWw
Krl-n \ntm hm\-{]--n \ntm k\ymkw
kzoI-c n-mw. {hXntbm {hX-c -l n-Xt\m kv\mX- It\m
Akv\m-X-It\m An-tlm-{Xntbm A\-n-tlm-{Xntbm
Bcm-bmepw bYm sshcmKyw tXmn-bm-ep-S Xs
k\ymkw kzoI-cn-mw. AXn-\p-tijw {]Pm-]Xy bw
sN-Ww. As-n Btbn am{Xw sNbvXmepw aXn.
Fs-m An Xs-bmWv {]mW. Cu bw
sImv {]mW t]mjWw km[n-p-p. As-n ss{X[mh-Xobw (aqp [mXp--sf, kXz-c-P-kvX-a-p-Is
- f, kw_n-p bw) sN-Ww. aqe-a-{-m Ansb
{LmWn--Ww. At, GsXmcp aqe-Im-c-W
- m-emtWm
Av Dev]--ambn {]Im- inp sImn-cn-p- - Xv, AXv CXmWv. AXp a\-n-emn Av \-hw Pzenv R-fpsS
sFiz-cyhpw kpw hn-n-p-w. CXp Xs AnbpsS aqe-Im-cWw At. Av kztbm-\n-bm-Ip {]mW\n {]th-in-p-I. ]noSv {Kma-n \npw An
sImp hv apn-es t]mse Ansb {LmWn-p-I.

2. bZnw \ hnt-Z]vkp Pplp-bm-Zmt]m ssh

khmx tZhXm khmt`ym tZh-Xmt`ym Pptlman
kzmtlXn kmPyw lhn-c-\m-abw tam-a-{-kv{Xthw thZ XZv {_ XZp-] m-k n- X hyw inJmw
btm]-hoXw OnXzm kwXrkvXw atbXn {Xnhmc-ap--tcXv Gh-ta-ssh-XXv `K-h-nXn ssh bmhevI yx

An e`n-n-s-n Pe-n tlman--Ww. Pew

kh-tZ-h-Xm-a-ba
- m-Wv. Rm kI-e-tZ-h
- mpw thn
tlman-pp kzmlm Cs\ tlmanv AXv `n--Ww.
AXv tcmK-\m- i- I- amb LrX- bp lhn-m- Wv. tam-a-{w
sImp thZ-sf {]m]n-p- . AXp Xs {_-sa \nebn D]m-kn-p. inJbpw btm]ho-Xhpw s]mnv
Rm k\ymkw kzoI-cnv Fv aqp {]mhiyw D-cn-Ww. P\-I, CXmWv hn[n.

3. AY s sl\ - a {Xnx ]{] - - b - - h me v I yw

btm-]-hoXv IYw {_mW CXn k tlmhmN
bm-hmevIyx CZw {]W-h-ta-hmky XZy-tm]-hoXw b Bm {]miym-N -aymbw hn[n-c Y hm
]cn-{hm-k zn-hhmkm apW-A t[m A]-c n-{Klx
ipNn-c-t{Zmlo ss`-amtWm {_ `qbmb `hXn
Gj ]mx ]cn-{hm-P -Im\mw hocm-[ z\n hm\misI f hm]mw {]thti hmn-{]-thti hm alm{]-mt\ hm Gj ]m {_Wm lm\p-hn-kvtX- t\Xn k kw\ymko {_-h n-ZnXn Ghta
sshj `K-h-nXn ssh bm-hevIyx
]noSv bm-h-e vIy-t\mSv A{Xn-ap\n tNmZn- p.
btm-]h
- oXn Fs\ {_m-W-\mIpw? bm-hevIy ]d-p. Cu Hmmcw Xs- bmWv kw\ym-kn-bpsS
btm-]-ho-Xw. ]qthm--hn-[n{]-Imcw tlmanv AXv
`nv BN-a\w sN-Ww. AsXmp am{X-amWv hn[n.
Cs\ Imjmb hkv{X-[m-cn-bmb k\ymkn {_-cq-]-ambn- o-cp-p. AXmWv k\ym-kn-I-fpsS amw. Pe- {]-thiw
An-{]-thiw hoc-KXn alm-{]-m\w Fn-hb
- nepw ap-Xnepw Cu amw Xs- bmWv {_w \nt-in-n-p-Xv. As\ k\ymkn {_--\mbn `hn-pp `K-hms\, CXmWv hn[n Fv bm-h-evIy ]d-p.

4. A{X ]c-a-l wtkm \ma kwh-I m-c pWn

tizX-tIXp Zphmk EXp-\n-Zm-L-Z
- m-t{Xb ipIhm- a - t Z- h - l m- c o- X I {]`p- X tbm hy- e nwKm f
hym-N mcmx A\p- m D- -h-Zm-N -c x ]ckv{ Xo- ] p- c - ] -c m-M v ap-J mkv { Xo Zw Ia- epw
`p-]m{Xw Pe-]-hn{Xw inJmw btm ]hoXw
_ln-c - -t-tXy-X Xv khw `q kzmtl-X y]vk p
]cn- Xy-Pm-m-\-a- \zn-t-X v.
]c- a-lw- k-m F t]cn Adn- b-s- Sp k\ym- knam t{ijvTc
- m-Wv. Ahy--enw-K-[m-cn-Ifpw Ahy-m-N-cWcpw PmK-cq-I-sc-nepw D--sc-tmse {]hn-p-h-cm-Wv. kwh-I BcpWn lmco-X tizX-tIXp
Zphm-k-, EXp- \n- Zm-L Zm- t{X-b ipI hma- tZ- h
XpS-n-bh
- Cu hn`m-K-n s]Sp-p. Ah kpJ
ZpxJm\p-`-h-lo-\cpw ]c-kv{Xo-]p-c-]-cm-Mvap-Jcpw {XnZw
Ia-ep `q-]m{Xw Pe-]-hn{Xw inJ btm-]-hoXw
Fo _mlyhpw B`y- - c- hp-amb Fmw `qxkzmlm Fp-

713

I -cnv XyPnv Bm-\p-k-m\w sNp--h-cm-W.v

{]mW-taXv Iw XZm-tm
\ Imcyw IWm XZm
5. bYm PmX-cq-]-[cm \nZzzx \njv]-cn-{K-lm-kX
v Xz-{_- - amt kayIv kmx ip-am-\ kmx 10. Cuiztcm Poh-I-ebm
{]mW-k-m-c-Wmw btYm Imte-hn-aptm
{]hntm `K-hm-\nXn
ss`-am-N-c-p-Z-c-]m-t{XW em`m-em`u kau `qXzm
{]W-taXv Z-hXv `qau
Ic-]m-t{XW hm Ia--eq-Z-It]m ss`-am-Nc
- -pBizm-N
me tKmJcw
Z-c-am{X kw{Kl ]m{Xm-c iqt\ym Pe-e Ia-ep-c -_m-[-I-clx e-\n-tI-Xt\m em`m-em`u 11. amwk ]mm-en-Im-bmkvXp
kau IrXzm iq\ym Kmc tZh- Krl XrW- I qS
b{ temtI f K]-Rv Ptc
hevaoI hr-aqe Ipem-emn tlm{X-imem \Zo
kv\mbz- n-{]- n-im-en\yx
]pfn\ Kncn-Ip-l -c-tIm-S-c-I--c-\nQ-c- -n-tekv{Xnbx Inanh tim`\w
jz-\n-tI-X-hmky {]bXv\x ip`m-ip-`I
- \nq- -_m-jv]mw_p
e-\]
- cx kw\ym-tk\ tZl-XymKw ItcmXn k ]c- 12. XzMv amw-k-c
]rYIv IrXzm hntem-Nt\
a-lwtkm \mtaXn
kam-tem-Ib cayw tNXv
P\n--]-Sn-sb--\n-enbn \nZz--`m-ht- msS \njv]Inw ap[m ]cn-ap-lykn
cn-K3-l-m-cmbn XXz {_-am-n ip-a-\-kvIc
- mbn
tIhew {]mW-c
- -W-n\p am{Xw bYm-Imew FhnsS
\nm-bmepw em`m-em-`m-Nn IqSmsX ssIbntem Asn I]m-e- ntem `n kzoI-cnv Ia--ep-h nse
shw IpSnv ktm-j-tmsS k-cn--Ww. hni--Sm am{Xta bmNn-m-hq. anw shbvt-Xn-. X\nv
Ignp IqSm GsX-nepw GIm-hpw hnP-\-hp-amb
m\w Is--Ww. iq\y-Kr-lw tZhm-ebw B{iaw
hevIoIw hr-aqew Ipi-h-m-cpsS Krlw b-ime
\Zo-XSw Kpl ]md-I apX-em-b-h-bn nc-ambn Krlw
\nn-msX Ign-p-IqSn ip`m-ip-`-Nn IqSmsX k\ymk- [- n- en-cpv tZlw XyPn-p- -h-\mWv ]cw-a- lw-k.

6. Bimw-_tcm \ \a-kvImtcm \ Zmc-]p-{Xm-`nemjo eym-e - y-\ nh- Iw ]cn-{hmSv ]c-taiztcm `hXn Ass{XtX tmIm `hn
\-\mbn Bscbpw \a-kI
v -cn-m-sX, Fm-nepw ]c{_w Iv `mcym-]p-{Xm-Zn-If
- n-ep Bk-n- IqSmsX
eym-ey \nh-I-\mbn kh-kzhpw Dt]-n- p
k\ymkn ]c-ta-iz-c-\m-Wv. AXns\ kw_- n-p tmI-fn-Xm.

7. tbm `thXv ]qh k\ymkn

Xpteym ssh [tXm bZn
Xkvssa {]Wmax Ithym
t\X-cmb IZm-N\
8. {]am-Znt\m _ln-nm
]nip\m Ie-tlm-pImx
k\ym-knt\m f ]n Zriyt
tZh- k-q-jn-X m-ibmx
9. \mam-Zn`yx ]tc `qav\n
kzcm-tPy-tNXv ntXm f Zztb

X\nv apv k\ymkw kzoI-cn--h-s\bpw Xpey[w BN-cn-p--hs\ \a-kI

v -cn--Ww. am-scbpw Hcnepw ]mSn-. hnj-bm-k-, \oN-m, Ie-l-{]n-b
- m
Zqjn-Xm- i- b-m Cu \ne-bn- ep k\ym- kn-amcpw Dm- Imw.
\maw [maw Imaw Ah Fn-h-bvsmw AXo-X- ambn
Db \ne-bn B-XXzw [cn k\ymkn Bscbpw
\a-kvI-cn-t--Xn-. bYm k\ymkn khhpw kzcq]-n ImWp--h-\m-Wv. Ah\v temI-n sNbvXp
Xom Hcp I-hp-an-. kI-e-]- Zm- fpw bYmk-\ym-knv Xpey-am-Wv. Cuiz-c Poh-cq-]-n kIe
Pohn-I-fnepw {]th-in-n-cn-p-I-bm-sWp a\-n-emn
IpXn-c-bm-bmepw Nm-f-\m-bmepw ]ip-hm-bmepw Igp-Xbm-bmepw Ah Z-\a-kvImcw sNp-p. amwkmn
\nn-Xa
- mb kv{Xo-icocn FmWv kucyw? Cu
ico-c
- nse amwkw sXmen cw Ip-\o Fnh
{]tXyIw ths]-Spn t\mn-bm AXv kp-c-amtWm?
AXn tamln-m-s\-n-cn-pp?

13. tacp irwK-X-tbm-mkn

KwKm-P-e-c-tbm-]am
Zrmh bkvan apt\-apm
lmc-tkym-mk imen\m
14. ivaim-t\jp ZnvtXjp
k Gh ee\m kvX\x
iz`n-cm-kzm-ZytX Imte
eLp-]n Chm-kx
15. tIi-I-p-f -[m-cntWym
Zpkv]iu temN-\{- ]nbmx
ZpjvIr-Xmn inJm \mtcym
Zln XrW-h-cw

714

I 16. Pze\m AXn-Zqtc f ]n

kckm A]n \ockmx
kv{Xntbm ln \c-Im-o\m
an\w Nmcp ZmcpWw
17. Ima-\mav\m Incm-tX\
hnIom apKv [-tN-Xkx
\mtcym \c-hn-lw-Km\m
awK-_ --\- hm-Kpcmx

Ihpw ZpxJirw-J-eb
- p-ambn kv{Xnbn \nv Cuiz-c
cn--s. kv{Xobph\v t`mK-hm-RO
v -bp-v. kv{Xoc-lnX\v t`mK-sa- hnsS? kv{Xnsb Dt]-n-h
- {]]w shSnp-shv Icp-Xmw. {]]w XyPn-m kpJw t\Smw.
]p{X\pw ZpxJZm-bI
- \
- m-Wv. ]p{X-\n-s-n amXm-]n-Xmv ZpxJw K`-]m{Xw {]k-h-th-Z-\m-tiw Cs\
]eXp Dm-hp-Ibpw sNp-p. ]p{X P\n-mepw {Kl_m[ tcmK-_m[ apX-em-bh Dm-Imw. ]p{X [q\mbn Fpw hcmw. D]-b-\
- n\p tijhpw aqV-\m-bnsbv hcmw. hnhm- lm- Zn- I-fnse XS-hpw ZpxJZm-b-I-am-Imw.

kv{XoIfpsS amdn-e-Wn cXv\-ame tacp XS-n

23. bp-\ ]c-Zm-cmZn
\n- f n- p KwKv Xpey- a m- W v . A- s \- b p
Zmcn{Zyw N IpSpw-_n\nx
kv{XobpsS kvX\m-Zn-I ivaim-\
- nepw apw tOZn-]p{XZpxJky \mkvXytm
sp InS-p-tm ]n-I tNmdp-cpf t]mse Xnp-p.
tImXn-sbm-Xp-nb Xe-ap-Snbpw ARvP-\-sa-gp-Xnb Ip[\o tN{n-btX XZm
am kv{Xo `bm-\-I-amb An-in-Jp Xpeyw ]pcp-j- 24. \]m-Wn-]m-Z-N]
- tem
msc `kvao-I-cn-p-p. kv{Xo Zqsc shp Xs Zln-n\t\-{X-N-]tem bXnx
p--hfpw kc-k-sap tXmp-sa-nepw ck- lo-\bpw \c\ N hmIvN-]-es
- sh
Im-n-bpsS C-\-hp-am-W.v Ima-\m-Ip thS a\pjy-cmIp ]n-Isf AI-s- Sp- m hoin- b- h-e-bmWv kv{XoI{_-`qtXm PntX-{nbx
sfp ]d-bmw.
25. cn]u _t kztZ-tlN

18. P-]-ez-e-a-ym\mw
Nn-I- a-N m-cnWmw
]qwkmw Zphm-k -\m-c-p
\mco _Un-i-]n-nIm
19. kthjmw tZmjm-c-Xv\m\mw
kpk-ap-ZvK n-b-am-\ bm
ZpxJir-J-ebm \nXy
ae-amkvXp aa kv{Xnbm
20. bkykv{Xo Xky t`mtKm
\nkv{Xo-Iky Iz t`mK`qx
kv{Xnbw Xyzm PK-yw
PKXv Xyzm kpJo `h
21. Ae-`y-am-\-kvX-\bx
]nXcu ti-tb-ncw
e_vt[m tl K`-]m-tX\
{]k-th\ N _m[tX
22. PmX-ky-{K-l-tcm-KmZn
Ipam-cky N [qXm
D]-\ otX f ]yhn-ZyXz
a\p-Zzm-l ]ntX

kssa-Imyw {]]-iyXx
hnth-In\x IpXx tIm]x
kztZ-l m-h- b-thjznh
26 A]-Im-cnWn tIm]-tXv
tImt] tIm]x IYw \tX
[m-I m-a-tam-mWmw
{]kly ]cn-]-n\n
27. \tamkvXp aa tIm]mb
kzm{i-b-RvPzm-ent\ `riw
tIm]ky aa sshcmKy
Zmbnt\ tZmj-t_m-[nt\

bph-\-b--\mb ]p{X\v ]c-kv{Xo-I-fp-ambn Ahn-lnX-_w Dm-Iptam F `b-n\pw CS-bp-v. hnhm-lnX-\m-bm km\ kwJy-hn-ptam F `bhpw D.
]p{X\n \n ]e ZpxJ-fp-ap-m-Imw. [\-hm-\m-sWn ]p{X-\p-m-hn-. Dm-bm acn-p-shpw hcpw.
Cs\ ]e-t-i- pw Imc-W-`q-X- bmb kv{Xosb Hgnhm- - Ww. hnhm-ln- X- \m-I-cp- Xv. B `mK- t-p Bkn
Acp-Xv. Ic-N-c-W- t\{X- hmv Fn-h-bn bXnkw-b-an-bm-bn-cn--Ww. PntX-{n-b\
- mtb ]q. Fmte
{_-a-b\
- m-Im km[n-q. i{Xphpw kmwkm-cn-I-_w
tN-Xp-amb ico-c-n GI-`mhw ImWp m\-ioP-]ezme-n hkn-p-Xpw Nn-]--n Ncn- e-\mb bXnv HmtcmSpw tIm]-an-. a\p-jy\v kzw Ahp--Xpamb ]pcp-j- \m-Ip ay-n\v Zphm-k- \m-]mi b-h--fn tIm]w tXmm-dn--tm. Bsc-nepw \nc-]c
- m_n-X- amb Nq-bmWv kv{XoI. kh-tZm-j-cXv\ t]S- [n-I-fpsS t\v tIm]w Imn-bm B a\p-jy-t\mSv

715

I [mm-Im-a-tam---fpsS {]_ew i{Xp-hmb tIm]-

30. bXo\mw XZp-]m-tZbw

tmSv Fp-sImv tIm]n-p-n Fv tNmZn--Ww.
]mc-lwky ]cw ]Zw
kzm{i-b-s-s Npp Nm-em-p tIm]-n\v
\mXx ]c-Xcw InnXv
Fs \a- kvIm- cw. F\nv sshcmKyw \Ip- Xpw tZmjw
hnZytX ap\n-]pw-Kh
Nqn-m-Wn-p--Xp-amb tIm]-n\v \a-kvIm-cw.
CXyp-]- \ n-jXv
28. b{X kp]vXm P\m \nXyw
km[m-c-W
- m-c-\mb hyn Dd-p-tm kwb-an{]_p--kvX{X kwbao
bmb ]pcp- j DWn-cn- p-p. AXm-bXv hnj-bm-k- n{]_p b{X tX hnZzm
bpsS L-n kwban XnIpw PmK- cq-I-\m-Ip-p. km[mkpjp]vXnw bmXn tbmKn-cmSv
c- W-m DWn-cn-p-tm tbmKn kpjp- ]X
v n- bn ebnp-p. bXn {]]--n NnXv kzcq-]-\m-Wv. kI-e-kr29. NnZn-lm-kvXoXn Nnm{X-
nbpw Nn{Zq-]-am-Ip-p. AJ- -amb {_mw Nn-banZw Nn-b-ta-hN
am-Wv. Nn{Zq]w Xs-bmWv ka-kvX-hpw. Rm\pw Nnp
Nnzw NnZ-l-tatX N
Xs. kh-kr-nbpw Nn{Zq-]-am-Ipp. ap\n-h-cym, bXntemIm-n-ZnXn `mhb
Iv D]m-tZ-ba
- m-bn-p-Xv ]c-a-lw-ks ]c-a-]-Za
- mb
tamw Xs-bm-Ip-p. CXnepw D]-cn-bm-bn-sm-p-an-.
bm-h-teym-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p

tbmK-IpWvUeyp]-\n-jv 3

imn]mTw
Hmw. k l\ mh hX p. k l \u `p\ p .
klhocyw Ichmh ssl. tXPkzn\mh[oX
akvX p. am hnZznjm hssl.
{_w Rsf cp t]scbpw cns. AXv
Rsf cp t]scbpw ]cn]mens. R cp
t]cpw Hcpanv tbmKyX t\SpamdmIs. R ]ckv]
cw hntZzjnmXncns. Hmw imnx imnx imnx.

Hmw Aymbw
1.

2.

tlXp Zzbw ln Nnky hmk\m

N kaocWx
Xtbm hn\njvS GIkvanw kvXZv
hm]]n hn\iyXx
XtbmcmZu kaocky Pbw Ipcym \mcx kZm
anXmlmc mk\, N in
NmekvXrXobbx

3. GtXjmw eWw hty irWp KuXa

kmZcw
kpkv\nKv[ a[pcmlmc kpmwti
hnhPnXx
4. `pPqtX inhkw{]ossXy anXmlmcx
k DNytX
Bk\w Zznhn[w t{]mw ]Zvaw
h{Pmk\w XYm
5. Duthmcp ]cntNt Dt` ]mZXte bYm
]mk\w `thtZXXv kh]m] {]Wmi\w.
a\ns AncXbvv ImcWw cmWv. Hp
hmk\ cmaXv izmkw FnhbmWv. Chbn Hp
XIcmdnembm atXpw XIcmdnembn. AXn\m km[
I {][m\ambn sNtXv izms AXmbXv {]mWs\
PbnpI FXmWv . Ah anXmlmcw Bk\w
inNme\w Ch ioenWw. KuXa, C\n Rm Ah
bpsS eW ]dp Xcmw. {itbmsS tIpI.

716

I BZyambn kv\nKv[hpw a[pchpamb Blmcw IgnWw.

hbdns \mensemcp `mKw HgnnSWw. inh{]oXyw
Cs\ anXmlmcw IgnWw. Bk\fn cs
amWv. {][m\w ]mk\hpw h{Pmk\hpw. cp XpSI
fpsSbpw apIfnembn ]ckv]cw cp ImepIfpsSbpw
]mZXesf t\sc shbvpXmWv ]mk\w. AXv
kIe ]m]fpw \innpXmWv.

6.

hmamw {Ln aqeImt[m ]y\pw

XZp]cnnt]Xv
ka{Koh incx Imtbm h{Pmk\anXocnXw.
7. IpWv Uteyh `thXv inx Xmw Xp
kme tbXv _p[x
kzm\mZm{Zpthm a[yw inNme\
apNytX
8. XXv km[t\ Zzbw apJyw kckzXym kvXp
Nme\w
{]mWtcm[ aYw `ymk ZrPzo IpWvU en\o
`thXv
9. XtbmcmZu kckzXymme\w IYbman tX
AcptXyh IYnXm ]pcmhnZv`nx kckzXn
10. bkym kmet\ ss\h kzbw NeXn
IpWv Ueo
CUmbmw hlXn {]mtW _[zm
]mk\w ZrVw
tbm\n m\v CSXp Imens Dqn shbvp
Ibpw heXp Imens Dqn AXn\p apIfnembn
shbvpIbpw Igpv Xe Fnh t\sc \nhpIbpw
sNbvX m AXv h{Pmk\ambn. IpWvU en\nbmWv
apJyin. m\nbmb km[I AXp Nennv cv
]pcnIfpsSbpw a[yn sImpt]mIpp. CXp
Xs inNme\w. IpWvUen\o Nme\n\v cp
apJyamb km[\Ifpv. Hv kckzXo Nme\w. atXv
{]mW \ntcm[w. Npcpp InSp IpWvUen\n A`ym
kwsImv \nhphcpp. BZyw kckzXoNme\sn ]dbmw. ]qhnI, kckzXnsb AcpXn
FmWv ]dncpXv kckzXo\mUo Ne\m
IpWvUen\n kzbw Nenpp. CSs CUm\mUnbn
IqSn izmkw {]hlnptm ]mk\nencnWw.

11.

ZzmZimwKpe ssZLyw N Aw_cw

NXpcwKpew
hnkvXocy tX\ XmUnw thjvT bnXzm
XXx kp[o
12. AwKpjvT XP\o`ymw Xp lkvXm `ymw
[mctbXv ZrVw
kziym Nmetb Zzm ta ZnWu
]p\x ]p\x

13. aplq Zzb ]cyw \n`bmme

tbZv kp[ox

Du[zmamIjtbXv InnXv kpjva v\mw

IpWvU enKXmw
14. tX\ IpWvUen\o Xkymx kpjpav\ mbmx
apJw {htPXv
PlmXn XkvamXv {]mtWm bw kpjpmw
{hPXn kzbw
15. Xpt Xp XmWw Ipcym IWvT
kwtImN\ IrtX
kckzXym met\\ hKtm
[ztKm acpXv.
]{v AwKpew \ofhpw \mev AwKpew hoXnbp
ap BImi Ipesf kev]nv IpWvUen\nsb
NpWw. ]ns CSsbpw hesbpw \mknImc{
sf Xhnc sImpw Nqphnc sImpambn
]nSnv BZyw hep `mKp \mknIbn IqSnbpw
]noSv CSs \mknIbn IqSnbpw hopw hopw
tcNI ]qcI sNWw. AtXmsSmw AXns\ Nn
bneqsS heXpw CSXpw `mK hopw hopw Nenn
Ww. Cs\ Hcp aplq kabw kckzXo Nme\w
sNWw. ]ns IpWvUen\np kao]ap kqjvav\
\mUnsb Aev]w apIfntev BIjnWw. Cs\
A`yknptm IpWvU en\n kpjva v\bpsS apJv
{]thinpp. Atm {]mW\pw kzbw Bm\w
hnv kpva v\bn {]thinpp. hbdv apIfnte
bvmIjnv Igpv ktmNnnv kckzXo Nme\w
sNptm hmbp lrZbn \npw apIfntev
Kanpp.

16. kqtcyW tcNtbZzmbpw kckzXym

kvXp Nmet\
IWvT ktmN\w IrXzm hK
tm [ztKm acpXv
17. Xkva mXv kmetbnXyw i_vZK`mw
kckzXow
Xkymx kmet\ ss\h tbmKo tcmssKx
{]apNytX
18. Kpevaw PtemZcw olm tb Nmt\y
Xp a[yKm
kthXp in Nmte\ tcmKmx
\iyn \nbw
19. {]mWtcmLatYZm\ow {]hyman kamkXx
{]mW tZltKm hmbpcmbmax
Ip`Ix kvarXx

717

I 20.

k Gh [znhn[x t{]mx klnXx

tIhe kvXYm
bmhXv tIhe knnx kym mhXv
klnXa`ytkXv

kckzXo Nme\w sNptm hep kqcy

\mUnbn IqSn hmbphns\ tcNIw sNWw. IWvTw
ktmNnnm hmbp lrZbn \npw apIfntemv
t]mIpw. Cs\ i_vZ K`amb kckzXo Nme\w
CShnSmsX sNWw. CXp ioenm tbmKn kIe tcmK
fn \npw hnap\mIpw. in Nme\m
\inpw. {]mW \ntcm[\sn C\n ]dbmw. tZl
kmcnbmb hmbphns\ {]mWs\p ]dbpp. AXv
ncambncnp AhbmWv Ipw`Iw. AXv klnX
Ipw`Iw, tIhe Ipw`Iw Fv cp hn[apv. tIhe
Ipw`I nXn ssIhcpXp hsc klnX Ipw`Iw
A`ykntXpv.

21. kqtcymmbo ioXfn N `kv{Xo

ssNh NXpnIm
t`ssZtch kaw Ipwt`m bx kymXv
klnX Ipw`Ix
22. ]hnt{X \nPt\ tZti icmZn hnhPntX
[\px {]amW ]cyt ioXmn PehPntX
23. ]hnt{X \mXyp \o tN lymkt\
kpJtZ kptJ
_ ]mk\w IrXzm kckzXymkvXp
Nme\w
24. Z\mUym kam Irjy _lnjvT
]mh\w iss\x
btYjvSw ]qctb Zzmbpw tcNtb ZnUbm XXx
25. I]me tim[t\ hm]n tcNtbXv
]h\w iss\x
btYjvSw ]qctb Zzmbpw tcNtb ZnUbm XXx
25. I]me tim[t\ hm]n tcNtbXv
]h\w iss\x
NXpjvIw hmXtZmjw Xp Iran tZmjw
\nln N
kqcy, Dmbn, ioXfn, `kv{XnI Fo \mep
hn[ap {]mWmbmatfmsSmw klnX Ipw`Iw sN
Ww. GImhpw ]cniphpw Ipw Ibpw CmXpw
ASpv ]pv, Xov, Pew FnhbnmXpw A[nIw
XmgvNtbm Dbtbm CmXpw ASpv ]pv, Xov,
Pew FnhbnmXpw A[nIw XmgvNtbm Dbtbm
CmXpw Bb hnip ev kpJambn _
]mk\nencpv kckzXo Nme\w sNWw.
I]metim[\nepw hmbphns\ kmh[m\n ]pd-

tbvv hnSWw. Cu {InbbpsS ^eambn Fm hn[

hmXtcmKepw IrantZmjhpw CmXmIpw.

26. ]p\x ]p\cnZw Imcyw kqcyt`Z apZmlrXw

apJw kwbay \mUoZym amXrjy
]h\w iss\x
27. bYm{] KXn IWvTmp lrZbmh[n kkz\w
]qhhXv Ipw`tbXv {]mWw tcN tb
ZnUbm XXx
28. iotjmZnXm\elcw Kftjlcw ]cw
kh tcmKlcw ]pWyw tZlm \ev hn\mi\w
29. \mUo PtemZcw [mXp KX tZmj hn\mi\w
KI kXvjTXx Imcy apmbmJyw
30. Pnlzbm hmbphmIrjy ]qh
hXv Ipw`ImZ\p
iss\kvXp {LmW c{m `ymw tcNtb
Z \newkp[o
31. Kpev] olmZnIm tZmjm bw
]nw Pzcw Xrjmw
hnjmWn ioXfn \ma Ipw`tIm bw
\nln N.
kqcyt`Zn FmWv Cu {]{InbbpsS t]cv. CShn
SmsX CXv A`yknWw. C\n Dmbn. hmbv ASp
aqns cp Zzmcfn IqSnbpw hmbphns\ kmh[m
\n Dntev henWw. Atm AXv i_vZtm
sS IgppapX lrZbw hsc \ndbpw ]ns ]gb
t]mse Ipw`Iw sNbvX v CSs aqn IqSn tcNIw
sNWw. AXns ^eambn Xebnse DjvWw Igpn
se I^sv apXemb ]e tcmKfpw ianpp;
PTcmnbpw hnpw ap tcmKpw iaw Inpw.
Cu Dmbn Ipw`Iw kcnptmgpw sNbvXp sImncnmw. ioXfn F {]mWmbmaw sNptm hmbn
hns\ \mn IqSn henv apnestmse Ipw`Iw
sNWw. ]ns kmh[m\n aqneqsS tcNIw
sNmw. Kpevaw ol ]nw Pzcw Zmlw Ch ianm
Cu {]tbmKw DaamWv.

32. XXx]mk\w _[zm ka{Kothm Zcx kpJo

apJw kwbay bmtXm\ {LmWw
{LmtW\ tcNtbXv
33. bYm eKXn IWvTmp I]mte
kkz\w XXx
thtK\ ]qctbXv InnXv lrXv
]mh[n amcpXw
34. ]p\ hntcNtbXv XZzXv ]qctb ]p\x ]p\x
bssYh temlImcmWmw `kv{Xm thtK\
NmeytX

718

I 35.
36.

37.

38.

39.

XssYh kz icocw Nme tbXv

]h\w iss\x
bYm {ita `thXv tZtl XYm
kqtcyW ]qctbXv
btYmZcw `thXv ]qw ]ht\\
XYm eLp
[mcb \mknIm a[yw XP\o`ymw
Ipw`Iw ]qhhXv IrXzm tcNtbZn Ubm\ew
IWvt Tm nXzm \nelcw icocmn
hnh\w
IpWv Ueo t_m[Iw ]pWyw ]m]Lv\w
ip`ZwkpJw
{_ \mUo apJm I^ ZpK
\mi\w
KptWm{XbkapZv `qX {Kn {Xb hn`ZIw
hntitjssW h Ihyw `kv{XmwJyw
Ipw`Iw XznZw

`kvXnI F {]mWmbmaw hnhcnpp. ]mk

\nencpv Igppw tZlhpw \nhn hmbSv kmh
[m\w aqn IqSn tcNIw sNpI. ]ns hmbphns\
thKn i_vZtmsS Igpv Amv Xetbmn
lrZbw Fnhbv v AXns kv] i\w A\p`h
sSphn[w BIjnWw hmbpshfnbn hv
hopw ]qcIw sNWw. Cu {]{Inb sIms Desb
tmse XpScWw. Cs\ icocnse hmbphns\
\nb{nv NennpI. tiw tXmnbm kqcy\mU
aptJ\ ]qcIw sNbvX v NqmWn hnc HgnsIbp
\mep hncepI sImv aqns a[yw ZrVambn ]nSnv
Ipw`Iw sNWw. ]ns CSs aqneqsS tcNIw
sNWw. icocmn hnnm CXv D]Icnpw.
IpWvUensb DWpw ]pWyIchpw ]m]\miIhpam
WnXv. kpjpav\ bpsS apJs ^emZnI CXp aqew
\inpw. {XnKpWmIfmb aqp {KnIsfbpw t`Zn
pXmWnXv. `kvXnI Fp t]cp Cu {]mWmbmaw
{]tXyIw A`ykntXmWv.

40. NXpWma]n t`Zm \mw Ipw`tI

kap]ntX
_{Xb anZw Imcyw tbmKn`n
hoXIssjx
41. {]Ytam aqe_kvXp ZznXotbmob
\m`n[x
Pmec kvXrXob kvXp tXjmw eW
apNytX
42. At[m KXn a]m\w ssh Du[zKw IpcptX
_emXv
AIpt\\ Xw {]mlp aqe _tm
bapNytX

43. A]mt\ tNm [ztKm bmtX

kw{]m]vtX hn aWvUte
XtXm \e inJm ZoLm htX
hmbp\m lXm
44. XmtXm bmssX hy am \u hmbp
tjva kzcq]Iw
tX\mXy {]Zo]vtX\ Pzet\
tZlPkvXYm
45. tX\ Ip WvU en\ o kp ] v X m k wX ] v X m
kw{]_p[ytX
ZWvUmlXp `pPwKoh \nx izky
EPqXmw {]tPXv

Cs\ \mep hn[nep {]mWmbma ioen

ptXmsSmw tbmKn aqp _ IqSn sNWw.
Hv aqe_w cv Dobm\w aqv Pmec_w.
At[mKat\mpJamb A]m\s\ intbmsS KpZn
s B Ip\m apIfntebvp sImpt]mIpXp
sImv AXv aqe _amWv A]m\ apIfntep
t]mbn. AnaWvU ehpambn tNcptm AXns
{]`mhm An DzeamIpw. AsXmsS DdnnS
p IpWvUen\n DWcpw; hSnsImv ASntb s]
kstmse ^qXvImctmsS AXv EphmIpp.

46. _ne {]tZitXm b{X {_ \mUycw

{]tPXv
XkvamnXyw aqe_x Ithym
tbmKn`nx kZm
47. Ipw`Imt tcNImZu Ithym
tbmKn`nx kZm
47. Ipw`Imt tcNImZu I
hykvXp nbmWIx
_tm tb\ kpjpav\mbmw {]mW
kvXpo btXbXx
48. Xkva m Zpob Wm tJym bw tbmKn`nx
kapZm KrXmx
kXn h{Pmkt\ ]mZu Icm`ymw
[mctbXv ZrVw
49. Kpev^ tZi kaot] N Iw b{X
{]]oUtbXv
]naw XmWapZtc [mctbXv lrZtb itf
50. iss\x iss\ bYm {]mWkvXp
kow \nKXn
XptZmjw hn\n [qb Ihyw kXXw
iss\x
AsXmsS AXv amfn {]thinpXpt]mse
kpjpav\bn {]thinpp. AXpsImv tbmKnI

719

I aqe_w Fpw A`yknWw. Ipw `Ivn\p tijw

tcNInpapv Dobm\ _w sNWw. Atm
{]mWhmbp kpjpav\bpsS Dn ]dpp. AXpsIm
p XsbmWv Cs\sbmcp t] Xs InnbXv
(Db\w sNpI. ]dpI) CXn\v h{Pmk\\mbn
ImepIsf ssIsImv ZrVambn ]nSnWw. IWmen\
Spv Icpm\ anWw. hbdv taevt]mmI
jnv lrZbhpw IWvT \onnSnv henWw. Cs\
sNptm {]mW hbnse knIfn {]thinp
Ibpw hbnse k tZmjfpw AIpIbpw sNpw.
AXn\m Cu A`ymkw Fpw sNWw.

51. ]qcImt Xp Ithym _tm

Pmecm`n[x
IWvT ktmN cqt]m ku hmbp
am \ntcm[Ix
52. A[kvXmXv Ipt\\mip IWvT
ktmNt\ IrtX
at[y ]na XmtW\ kymXv {]mtWm
{_\mUnIx
53. ]qthmt\ {ItassWh kaynXx
Nme\w Xp kckzXyx IrXzm {]mWw
\ntcm[tbXv
54. {]Yta Znhtk Imcyw Ipw`Im\mw
NXpjvSbw
{]tXyIw ZikwJymIw ZznXotb
]`nkvXYm
55. hnwiXpew XrXotb n ]hrym
Znt\ Znt\
Ihyx Ipw`tIm \nXyw _ {Xb
ka\znXx
IWvT ktmN\w sNpXv. Pmec_n
hmbphns\ \ntcm[m\mWv. Cu _w ]qcIm
n sNWw. Xmsg aqe_w aptJ\ KpZs B
Ip\w sNbvXp apIfn \npw Pmecm IWvT
ktmN\w sNbvXv a[yn ]na Xm\w AXmbXv
Dnbm\w aptJ\ {]mWs\ BIjnWw. Cs\
Fm `mKp\npw \ntcm[s {]mW kpjpav\
bn Ibdpp. kqNnn {]Imcw \t]mse Bk\
\mbn kckzXoNme\w sNbvXv {]mWs\ \ntcm[nWw.
BZy Znhkw \miIpw`Ifpw ]pXhW sNWw.
cmw Znhkw Ccp]Xp XhW; aqmw Znhkw Ccp]Xp
XhW; Cs\ Hmtcm Znhkhpw Ap XhW hn
Ww. Cu Ipw`Im`ymkw aqp _tfmSp IqSn
\nXyhpw sNtXpv.

56. Znhmkp]vXn \nimbmw Xp PmKcmZXn

ssaYp\mXv
_lpkw{IaWw \nXyw tcm[m
aq{X]pcojtbmx
57. hnjamk\ tZmjm {]bmk
{]mWNn\mXv
io{LapXv]ZytX tcmKx kvXw ` tbZy
Zn kwbao

58. tbmKm`ymtk\ ta tcmK Dev]n

CXn IYytX
XtXm `ymkw XytPtZhw {]Yaw
hnLv\ apNytX
59. ZznXobw kwibm Jym N XrXobw
N {]aXx
BekymJyw NXpw N \n{Zm cq]w
Xp ]aw.
60. jjvT XphcXn {`mnx k]vXaw
]cn IonXw
hnjaw NmjvSaw ssNh A\mJym
\haw kvarXw
61. Ae_v[n tbmK XXzky Ziaw
t{]mNytX _pss[x
CtXy\ ZznLv\ ZiIw hnNmtcW
XytPXv _p[x
]Iepdw cm{Xn Ddanfv AXnssaYp\w; Gsd
\Sw, aeaq{X \ntcm[\w, Bk\ sshjayw, \n_
npff {]mWmbmaw Cu tZmjfm tcmKw DmImw
AXpIv tcmKn\p ImcWw tbmK`ymksa tXm
epmImw. A\s tbmKm`ym ]cnXymKw Hmas
hnLv\amWv, cmas hnLv\w kwibw, aqp {]a
X, \mev Bekyw, Av AXn \n{Z Bdv hncXn,
Ggv {`mn, Fv hnjaX, H]Xv A\mJy ]matXv
tbmKXXzns A{]m]vXn. hnhcapff km[I Nnn
v Ah ssIhntSXpv.

62. {]mWm`ymkkvXXx Imtcym \nXyw

kXzbm [nbm
kpjpav\m eobtX Nnw \N
hmbpx {][mhXn
63. ipjvtI ate N tbmKo N kymZv \ Xn
menXm XXx
At[mKXn a]m\w ssh Du[zKw
IpcptX _emXv

720

I 64.

BIpt\\ Xw {]mKp aqe

_tmb apNytX
A]m\ tm [ztKm `qXzm hn\u
kl KXn
65. {]mWm\w XtXm hnx {]mRm]m\u
N kXzcw
anfnXzm IpWvTeow bmXn {]kp]vXm
IpWvUemIrXnx
66. tX\mn \m Nk ]vX m ] h t\ss\
h NmenXm
{]kmcy kz icocw Xp kpjpav\m hZ\mtc.

Cs\ {]mWmbmaw \nbanX cq]n kmXznI

_p[ym A`yknWw. AXns ^eambn Nnw
kpjpav\bn ebnpp. AXn {]mW hmbp HmSp.
aetim[\bvp tijw {]mW Nem XpSptm
{]bXv \ ]qhw A]m\s\ Du[zKXnbntev \bn
Ww. CXn\pff KpZmIp\ {]{Inbv aqe_w Fp
t]. A]m\ apIhnXsen Anbpambn tbmPn
pp. ]ns {]mWhmbphpambpw tbmPnptm
{]mW \n{Zbnemb IpWvU eo\nsb {]m]npp.
tm AXns DjvWm NensSp IpWvUen\n
icnbmb hn[nembn h{Pn {]thipp.

67. {_ {Knw XtXm `nXzm ctPm

KpWkapZv `hw
kpjpav\m hZt\ io{Lw hnZypttJh
kwptcXv
68. hnjvWp {Knx {]mbmXyp ssx kXzcw
lrZn kwnXw
Du[zw KXn bmkvtX cp{Z {Knw
XZphw
69. {`qthm a[yw Xp kw`nXy bmXn
ioXmw ipaWvUew
A\mlXmwJyw b{Iw Zssf
tjmUi`nbpXw
70. X{X ioXmw ip kwPmXw {Zhw
timjbXn kzbw
NentX {]mWthtK\ c Nnw
chn {KlmXv
ctPmKpWn \npmb {_{Kn t`Znv Cu
IpWvUen\o in kpjpav\bvpffn hnZypns
tcJt]mse tim`npp. AXnthKw AXv lrZbnse
hnjvWp {Knsb {]m]nv apIfn Bm N{In
sen AhnsS cp{Z{Knsb {]m]npIbpw AhnsS
\nv cp]pcnIfpsSbpw a[ym\w t`Znv N{
aWvUensepIbpw AhnsS ]Xn\mdp ZftfmSp

IqSnb A\mlX N{In N{\n \nv DmIp

{Zhs DWnfbpI am{Xa {]mWhmbphns
thKm kqcy csbpw {Klnp nXn
hntijw kwPmXamIpp.

71. bmtXp N{Iw b{XmkvtX ip

tjva {ZhmIw
X{X knw {KkXypjvWw IYw
ioX kz`mhIw
72. XssYh c`km ipw N{ cq]w ln X]ytX
Du[zw {]hlXn _p_vt[m XssZhw
{ihtX Xcmw
73. \kymkzmZhimnw

_lnjvSw
hnjtajvT bXv

XtZh ]caw `pzm kzkym

ctXm bphm
74. {]IrXymjvSI cq]w N m\w KXn
IpWv Ueo
t{ImUoIrXy inhw bm{Xn t{ImUoIrXy
hneobtX
75. CXyt[m[z cPx ip inth XZ\p amcpXx
{]mWm ]m\u kau bmXn kl PmXu
XssYh N
N{aWvU en t]mbn AXv AhnSs {Zh
]Zmw timnnv AXns\ NqSpffXmpw. Atm
AhnsS XWpss\? CXv N{s ip cq]w X]vX
amn {]p_v[ambn apIfn Ibdpp. XXv^eambn
_mly ]Zmfn I]qInbncp Nnw ]camm
hn ebnv Bm\a\p`hnpp. Cs\ IpWvU
en\n Fp hn[nepff {]IrXn {]m]nv inht\mSp
tNv AXn ebnpp. AXn\m Xmgs cPpw
apIfnse iphpw tbmPnv inh\n hnebw {]m]np
p. {]mW\pw A]m\\pw kam\cq]n klPmXcmbXn\m cpw Ahbn s ebnpp.

76. `qtXybvt] Nat\mevt] hm hmNtX

XzXn h[tX
[mhXyJne hmX Anaqjm lncWyhXv
77. B[n `uXnItZlw Xp B[n
ssZhnI hn{Ktl
tZmtlm Xn hnaew bmXn NmXnhmlnI
XmanbmXv
78. PmUy`mh hn \n ap aaew NnbmIw
XkymXnhmlnIw apJyw kthjmw Xp
aZmnIw

721

I 79.

Pmbm `hhn \napnx Ime cq]ky hn{Zax

CXn Xx kzkzcq]m ln aXo cp `pPwKhXv
80. hrssjthm t`Xn kIew hrssjh
{]hneobtX
cu]y_pnx ipn Imbmw kv{Xo]pwtkm
{`atXm bYm.

sNdpXmbmepw `uXnIicocw DjvW w hnp

tm kzw t]mse X]npp;hym]npp. CXns
{]`mhm B[n`uXnI icocw B[n ssZhnamIpp.
hnIeambn AXv kqva icoc XpeyamIpp. Cs\
bp km[I\v ]p\Pan. Ime\pw Ahs\ \nb{n
m Ignhn. bYm m\w Ah t\Spp.
Ibdn k {`mnbpw Nnnbn cPX{`mnbpw
kv{Xobn ]pcpj {`mnbpw DmImdptm. km[I\v
Xs tZls kw_np {`a anYysbv
t_m[yamIpp.

81. ]nWvU{_mWv UtbmsscIywenK

kq{Xm t\mc]n
kzm]mhymIrXtbmsscIyw kz{]Imi
NnZmt\mx
inIpWvU en\o \ma _nkXp\n`m ip`m
aqeIw ^Wmt{KW Zrjv SzmIaeIhXv
83. aptJ\ ]pw km Krly {_ c{
ka\znXm
]mk\ KXx kztm KpZamIpWvUym
km[Ix
84. hmbpaq[zKXw IphIpw`
ImhnjvSw am\kx
hmbzLmX himZnx kzm[njvTm\KtXm
Pze
85. Pze\mLmX ]h\mLmssXx cpn{ZntXm
lncmSv
{_ {Knw XtXm `nXzm hnjvWp
{Kw `n\cyXx
86. cp{Z {Knw N `n ssXyh Ihem\n
Zn\n jSv
kl{kIate inx inth\ kl tamZtX
sskhmhm ]cmtbm sskh
\nhrXn ImcnWo. CXn.
AXn\m ]nWvUhpw {_lmamWvUhpw ewK icochpw GIo`hnv Xs Bmhv kzbw {]Imi cq]hp
amb ssNX\ym GIo`hnpp. IpWvU en\o
in Xmac \qen\v XpeyamWv. AXv Iae Iw t]mse
aqeIs ^Wm{Kn I ]pw hmbn \nt

]nv {_c{ apJs BhcWw sNbvXv Ddnsm

ncnpp. AXnmbn km[I ]mk\\mbn
KpZw BIp\w sNbvXv Ipw`Im hmbphns\ apI
fntemv IbWw. hmbphns inbm kzm[njvTm\
N{I nse A nsb D zenn Ww. Atm
AnhmbzmLmXm kpjp]vXnbn apgpInbncp
IpWvUen\n DWcpp. {_ {Kn, hnjvWp{Kn,
cp{Z{Kn, jSvN{Iw Fnhsb t`Znv kl{k IaeZfnsepp. AhnsS inh\pambn incq]n
kwtbmPnv tamZmbIhpamb Ahmhntijw.

cmw A[ymbw
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

AYmlw kw {]hyman hnZymw tJNcn

kwn Imw
bYm hnm\ hm\kym temtI
kvan Ptcm acx
arXyp hym[n Pcm{K kvX ZrjvSzm hnZym
anamw apt\
_pn ZrV Xcmw IrXm tJNco
Xp ka`ytkXv
Pcm arXyp PcmLv\ bx tJ Ncow
thn `pXte
{KX mcy Xss XZ`ymk {]tbmKX.
Xw apt\ kh _mth\ Kpcpw aXzm
kam{itbXv
Zpe`m tJNco hnZym XZ`ymtkm ]n Zpe`x
A`ymkw taf\w ssNh bpK
]ssh knyXn
A`ymk am{X \ncXm \ hnt l taf\w.

tJNcn hnZy ]dbmw. Cu hnZy A`yknm hm

Iyw acWw Chbn \nv tamN\w Inpw. hmIy
tcmK]oUnX Xobmbpw Cu hnZy A`yknWw.
{K, AhbpsS \ hymJym\ A`ymkw
Chbm Cu hnZysbn \ Adnhp kmZn alm
]pcpjs\ kh `mth\ Kpcphmbn IcpXn Abmfn
\nv Cu hnZy kmZnWw. ImcWw Cu tJNcohnZy
hfsc ITn\amWv. A`ymkhpw taf\tbmKhpw Htc L
n thWw A`ymkw am{Xw t]mcm.

6.

7.

A`ymkw e`tX {_ P
Pmtc IzNnXv
taf\w Xp Pm\mw iXmt ]n
\ e_ytX
A`ymkw _lpPmt IrXzm
XZv `mhkm[nXw
taf\w e`tX InXv tbmKo
Pmtc IzNnXv

722

I 8.

bZm Xp taf\w tbmKo e`tX Kpcp h{Xx

XZm XZvknnam]vt\m Xn b Zpm imkv{X
k Xu
9. {K XmX ssh taf\w e`tX bZm
XZm inhXz am]vt\mXn \naptm kh
kwkrtXm
10. imkv{Xw hn\m]n kwt_m[yw Kpcthm
]n \ iIv\pbpx

GsXnepsamcp Pn A`ymkw Innsbp

hcmw. Fm taf\w P Pmc Ignmepw
InpIbn. At\I Pfnse A`ymkm tbmKnv
Hcp Pn taf\w knntmw. icnbmb Kpcphn
\nv taf\a{w A`yknm imkv{X\pIqeamb knn
bpmIpw. km[I {Kfnse Aw {Klnv
taf\w kmZnmepw kwkmc ap\mIpw. imkv{Xw
AXymt]nXamWv. Fsm AXp IqSmsX
Kpcphn\p t]mepw bYm inWw km[ya. AXn
\m imkv{X kmZ\hpw A]cnXymPyamWv.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

bmh\v\ e`ytX imkv{Xw XmhZv Kmw

]cytSXv bXn.
bZm kwe`ytX imkv{Xw XZm knn
Itc nXm
\ imkvt{X W hn\m knn ZrjvSm
ssNh PK{tb
XkvamXv taf\ `mXmcw imkv{X
ZmXmc aNypXw
XZ`ymk {]`mXmcw inhw aXzm kam{itbXv
e_v[ m imkv{XanZw alym at\yjmw
\ {]ImitbXv
Xkva mXv kh{]bXvt \ tKm]\obw
hnPm\Xm
b{XmkvtX N Kpcp {_ ZnhytbmK
{]ZmbIx
X{X KXzmN tXt\m hnZymw kwKrly
tJNcnw
tXt\mx kayK`ymkw Ipcym
ZmZm hX{nXmx

tbmKm imkv{X knnhsc `qanbn Npn IdWw.

AXn\v {ianWw. bYm imkv{Xw e`nptm
knnIcKXamIpw. aqp temInepw imkv{X klmbw
IqSmsX Bpw knn ssI hnn. AXn\m taf\
ZmXmhpw imkv{XZmXmhpw A`ymkw \Inb kZvKpcp
Xssbp IcpXn Atls B{ibnWw. hnZy
t\Snbm AXv A\ycpsS apn {]ISnncpXv.
clkyambn kqnWw. FhnsSsbnepw Cu tbmKw

a\nemnb Kpcphpsdnm sNv Iv {Kln

v th t]mse ]TnWw.
16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

A\bm hnZybm tbmKo tJNco knn

`mIv `thXv
tJNcymw tJNcow bpRvP tJNco
_oP ]qcbm
tJNcm[n ]Xn `qXzm tJN tcjvT
kZm htkXv
tJNcmhw hnaw _p aWvUe `qjnXw
BJymXw tJNco_nPw tX\ tbmK
{]knyXn
tkmamw i\hIw hw {]Xn temta\
tNmtcXv
Xkva mXv ss{Xyw iI amJym\ acw
N{cq]Iw
Xkva mZ ]rjvSaw hw hntemta\
]cw apt\
XYm XXv ]caw hnn XZmZnc]n]ao
Ctm _lp `nt N
IqtSmbw ]cnIonX:

tbmKnv Cu hnZybm tJNco in e`npw.

tJNIo tbmKw sNbvXm km[I tJNcmcm A[o
izc\mbn AhcpsS IqtSm hknpw. tJNcns
{]XoIamb lImcw Bhns {]XoIambn Cu
Imcw AnbpsS {]XoIamb cImcw Pens {]XoI
amb aImcw FnhbpsSsbmw kwtbmKm {low
DmIpp. AXmWv tJNco _oPa{w. AXns knn
bm tbmKw ssIhcpw. tkmamwiw kImcw; {]Xntema
KXnb\pkcnv AXns H]Xmas Acw `; N{
s _oPmcw k; AXns Fmas Acw
hntemaKXnbn a; hopw Acw hn]coXambn
Fnbm ]; F Acw hcp Ncq _oPamb
k; bpw At\I hamb ; bpw Anamc
fmWv. Cs\ {low, cw, kw, aw, ]w, kw, w F
tJNco _oPa{w {]knamWv.

21. Kpcq] tZi e`yw N kh tbmK {]knn Zw

bkyt`lPm ambm \ncp IcWm{ibm
22. kz]vt\ ]n \ et`ky \nXyw ZzmZi
P]yXx
b Camw ]emWn Pt]Z]n kpb{nXx
23. Xky {iotJNco knnx kzbtah
{]htX
\ iyn kh hnLv\m\n {]koZn
N tZhXmx

723

I 24.

heo]enX\mi `hnjyXn \ kwibx

Ghw e_v[zm almhnZym a`ymkw
ImctbXx
25. A\yYm niytX {_ knnx
tJNco ]tY
bZ`ymk khn[u hnZymw \ et`Zyx
kp[m abow
26. XXx ktfImZu N e_u[zm hnZymw
kZm P t]Xv
\m\yYm clntXm {_ km InnXv
knn `mKv `thXv

tJNco a{w kIe knnIfpw \IpXmWv.

Kpcp]tZiw sImt CXv InpIbpp. \nbta\ \nXyw
CXv ]{p XhW P]nphs\ amb hym]nn.
th hn[w CXv Ap ew P]nn. th hn[w
CXv Ap ew P]nph\v JNco hnZy kzbtah
ssIhcpw kIe hnLv\ hpw \opw. tZh {]kmZw
e`npw. Pc \opw; kwiban. hnZy icnbmbn A`y
knWw. ap hn[nembm tiamWv ^ew. bYm
hn[n A`ymkw XpSnpw km^eyw Innbnsnepw
KpcpfpsSbpw apw \nti {]Imcw CXv kZm P]n
Ww. tbmKy\mb Hcp inI\nsn CXns knn
Dmhn.

27. bZnZw e`ytX imkv{Xw XZm hnZymw

kam{itbXv
XX kvX tXmZnXw knnamip Xmw
e`tX ap\nx
28. Xmepaqew kapXv Irjy k]vX
hmkcamhnXv
kz Kpcp {]ImtcW aew khw
hntim[tbXv
29. kv\plo ]{X \n`w ikv{Xw kpXovWw
kv\nKv[ \new
kamZmb XXkvtX\ tcmam{Xw k apnt\Xv
30. lnXzm sskh ]Yym`ymw NqnXm`ymw
{]IjtbXv
]p\x k]vX Znt\ {]m]vtX tcmaam{Xw
kapnt\Xv
31. Ghw {ItaW jamkw \ntXym`ypx
kamNtcXv
j amkmZv ck\maqew kncm_w
{]WiyXn.
km[I\v Cu hnZybpsS imkv{X kw_amb
icnbmb Adnhp e`nm knn Inm ImeXmakw
Dmhn. BZyambn km[I Ggp Znhkw Xmep
aqem\s Kpcphns \nti{]Imcw tXv Ahn

Ss kIe amen\yfpw amWw. ]noSv Inbne

t]mse \ aqbp ipamb InsImtm atm
Xmepaqes Hcp XeapSnp Xpeyw apdnpItbm
Kpcphns\smv apdnnpItbm sNWw. apdn
m\n\p apIfn Cpps]mSn ]pcWw. Ggp
Znhkw Ignv hopw apnestmse XeapSnp
Xpeyw apdnWw. Cu {Ian \nccw {]bXv\nm
\mn\pw Amn\pw \Spp _\w hnSpw.

32. AY hm Knizoco[maintcm hkvt{XW

thjvS tbXv
iss\cpXv Ijtb tZymKo Ime
themhn[m\ hnXv
33. ]p\x j amkamt{XW \nXyw
kwLjmpt\
{`pa[ym h[n Nmt]yXn XncyW _nemh[nx
34. AY Nn_pIw aqew {]bmXn {IaNmcnXm
]p\x kwhcmWmw Xp XrXobm tZh
eoebm
35. tIimaq[zw {IaXn XncyIv
imJmh[n apt\
A[kvXmXv IWvTIq]mw ]p\ hj
{XtbWXp
36. {_ c{w kamhrXy XnjvtT tZh
\ kwibx
XncyIv NqenXew bmXn A[x IWvT _nem
h[nx
37. iss\ iss\akvX Im alm
h{P I]mS`nXv
]qhw _oPbpXw hnZym hymJymXm
bm {X Zpe`m
38. Xkymx jUmwKw IqhoX XbmjSv
kzc`nbm
IpcymtZhw Ic\ymkw khknym
Zn tlXth
39. iss\tchw {]Ihy a`ymkn bK]mln
bpK]Xv htX bky icocw
hnebw {]tPXv
40. Xkva mXv iss\x iss\ Imcy a`ymkw
ap ]pKh
bZm N_mly amtW Pnlzm {__new
{htPXv
41. XZm {_mKP {_ Zpt`Zyw
{Xn Z ssic]n.
AwKpeyt{KW kwLrjy Pnlzmam{Xw
\nthitbXv

724

]noSv \mns Aw XpWnsImv Npn kmh

[m\w tZml\w sNWw. AXmbXv shfnbntebvv hen
Ww. Cs\ Bdpamkw A`yknm \mv hfv
{`qa[yw hsc FpIbpw ]miz`mKfn sNhnhsc
FpIbpw sNpp. shfnbn XmSnhsc Fpw.
Cs\ \nccm`ymkm aqmw sImw \mv
XeapSnhscbpw ]mizn tXmhscbpw Fpp.
Xmsg IWvT Iq]w hscbpw ]noSv aqp hjs
A`ymkw sImv {_c{w hscbpw Fn. AXns\
BhcWw sNpp. AXn kwibnm\n. ]ns
AXv Igpn\v ]pdIp hscbpw Xmsg IWvTmyw
hscbpw Fpw. Cs\ {ItaW \mv {_ c{s
t`Znpp. Cu kakvX _oPmc hnZy hn[nt]mse
A`yknpI hfsc {]bmkamWv. apIfn sImSp
Bdp _oPmc sImv jUw K\ymkhw Ic\ym
khpw sNWw. AsXmsS kq knn hcpw. {i
tbmsS sNtXmWv. A{itbmsS sNbvXm lm\n
bmWv ^ew. Cu A`ymkn Hpw [rXn ImcpXv.
_mlyamn IqSn \mv {__nen {]th
inm XpSptm AXns\ hnc sImv ]nSnv
AXns Dnemmw.

42. Ghw hj{Xbw IrXzm {_Zzmcw

{]hniyXn
{_ Zzmtc {]hnjvt S Xp kayIv
aY\amNtcXv
43. aYt\\ hn\m tINnXv km[bn hn]nXx
tJNco a{ knky knytX aY\w hn\m
44. P]w N aY\w ssNh IrXzm io{Lw ^ew
`thXv
kz Pmw cu]y Pmw hm]n temlPmw
45. \ntbmPy \mkoImc{w ZpKv[
knt\ Xp\m
{]mWm \ncp[y lrZtb kpJam
kuam\x
46. iss\x kpaY\mw IpcymXv {`qat[y\yky
Npjo
j amkaY\m hkv{Xm `mthss\h
{]PmbtX
47. bYm kpjp]vX n _mem\mw
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49. icotc kIew hnizw ]iyXym m hnt`ZXx

{_mWvtUm bw almamt cmPZtm [z
IpWvUeo. CXn.
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a\w \nXyhpw th. amkn Hcp XhW aXn.
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pIbpw AcpXv. ]{v sIms A`ymkm
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1.

2.

5.

taf\a\p {low `w kw ]w ^w kw w
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725

I {]Xn]Zw ]uamkn, FnhbpsS aqemw Fm

Wv? {]Xn]Zw kqcysbpw Bibw {]ISampp. Aam
hmky kqcyN{mcpsS A`mhw kqNnnpp. a\p
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hnpp. AXn\m ipamb ]cam kw{]m]vXn
v hnjbsbpw Ima\sbbpw Dt]nv B[ym\
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6.

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LrXmIw
\ N _\ a[yw XssZz ImcWam\kw
7. N{m a[yam in b{Xm X{X
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mXzm kpjpav\mw XZvt`Zw IrXzm
hmbpw N [yKw
8. nXzm ku ss_hmt\ {LmW ct{
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hmbpw _npw kamJymXw kXzw
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9. jSv N{ImWn ]cnmXzm {]hntiXv
kpJaWv Uew
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N jjvTIw
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Xp ssewKnIw
11. aWn]qcw \m`ntZiw lrZba\mlXw
hnipnx IWvTaqte N Bm N{Iw N
akvXIw
s\v ]men \npmIpt]mse Cu _np
a\n \npmIpp. B _nphn bmsXmcp
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a\nsXmWv. kqcy N{mcpsS at[y nXn sNp
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at[ybp kpjpav\sbn m\w t\SnbXn\ptijw
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_np ev ncoIcnv \mknIbn IqSnbp
hmbp \ntcm[nWw. CXp XsbmWv {]mW hmbphpw
_nphpw kXyhpw {]IrXnbpw Fv AdnbsSpXv.
AtXmsSmw kpJmh ssIhcm jSv N{Isfnbp Adnhv t\SWw. N{I Xmsg sImSpphbmWv aqem[mcw, kzm[njvT m\w, aWn ]qcIw,

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12. jSv N{ImWn ]cnm Xzm {]hntiXv

kpJaWv U te
{]hntiXv hmbpamIjy XssYthm[zw
\ntbmPtbXv
13. Ghw ka`ytkXv hmbpw k {_mWvU
atbm`thXv
hmbp _pw XYm N{Iw Nnw ssNh
ka`ytkXv
hmbp _pw XYm N{Iw Nnw ssNh
ka`ytkXv
14. kam[n tNtI\ kaw AarXw bmn
tbmKn\x
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15. hn\m Nm`ymk tbmtK\ m\
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{]ImitX
16. `nt Xkvan LtSssNh Zo] Pzmem
N `mktX
kzbmbw LSanXypw X Ym Zot]m
ln XXv ]Zw
17. KpcphmIy kam`nt {_ m\w
kv^ pSn `thXv
I[mcw Kpcpw {]m]y IrXzm kqvaw
Xcn N
Fm N{Isfbpw ]nbp m\w e`nXn
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nXn sNWw. As\ {]mWm`ymkw sNbvXm
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AXpt]mse \nccm`ymkw IqSmsX hnZymZo]w {]Im
inn. IpSn\pnse hnfn\v IpSw s]mnmte
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amIp IpSn\pn shnp {_sa Zo]n
s {]Imiw Kpcp]tZim Cu IpSw t`ZnmsX
shfnbn hcn. IcImWm Cu kap{Zw Asc IS

726

I m\p D]bmn\v KpcphmIp Inms\ B{ibn

Ww.

18. A`ymk hmk\m iym Xcn `hkmKcw

]cmbm apco `qb ]iyymw ZznZfoIrXw
19. a[yambmw apIpfnXm sshJcyw
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\mkvX n Km `thXv
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{]t_m[Ix
tkm lakv]oXn \nnXy bx kZm
htXm ]pam.
21. i_vs sZcpmh ssN \o ssNx `mjo
tXm ]n \ en]ytX
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tX{XbZpx
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tX {Xbmx
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pp. ]iynbn AXn\v cp `mKapv. a[yabn
]pjv]npp. sshJcnbn hnImkw {]m]npp. Cu
hn[nb\pkcnv hmWn Bhn`hnpXpt]mse hntem
aa\pkcnv AkvXanpp. hmKvt_m[w Dmp
h Asn ]caamb tZh Rm Xs Fv
\nbnv s]cpamdp hyntbmSv Bscnepw D kzc
ntem \oNkzcntem Fp ]dmepw Ah
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aqp ]nWvUfpw hncSv lncWy K` Cuizc Fo
aqp {_mWvUfpw `qx `phx kzx Fo aqp
temIfpw hnebw {]m]npp. m\mn k]vX
ambm {_mWvUhpw AXns apJ cq]n hnebw
{]m]npp.

24. ]cam\n eo\w XXv ]cw {_ssh

PmbtX
XXx kvXnanX Kw`ocw \ tXtPm
\ XakkvXXx
25. A\mJya\ `nhyw kXv InnZh injytX
[ymXzm a[yamXv am\w Ieimw Zo]hXv

26. AwKpjvT am{Xamm\w A[qa

tPymXn cq]Iw
{]Imib aw [ymtbXv IqSkvX
a hybw
27. hnm\mm XYm tZtl Pm{KXv
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ambbm tamlnXx ]mv
_lpPmtc ]p\x
28. kXv I ]cn]m Imp kz hnImiw
NnIojXn

tIm lw IYabw tZmjx kwkmcmJy

D]mKXx
29. Pmt{KXv kz]vt\ hyhlc kpjp]vXu
Iz KXnaa
CXn Nnm]tcm `qXzm kz`mkm N hntijXx
30. Am\mp NnZm`mtkm _lnkvX mt]\
Xm]nXx
ZKv[w `htXyh XZm iqe ]nWvU hmn\m
Ah ]cammhn ebnpXn\m {_
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satm ]dbm km[nm hn[nep Hcp Kw`oc
cq]amIpp. tIhew kXv kzcq]amb Hcp Ahy
XXzw am{Xta Ahtijnq. LSZo] tPymXnp t]mse
Hcp \n[qa tPymXnv AxIcWn {]Iminp
sImncnp Cu kzcq]n Xs IqS\mb
B Ahyb cq]s [ym\nWw. Bmhv AXns
aqecq]n hnm\abamWv. Fm tZln
hcptm AXv ambmhi\mbn Pm{KXv kz]v\ kpjp]vX yhI {]m]nv hntamlnX\mIpp. F{Xtbm
Pp tijw ip` I DZbw sNptm
AXn\pn Xm BcmsWpw Fp apw Adnbm
B{Klw P\npp. Pm{KXv kz]v\mhIfn Rm
Fss Imshp hnNmcnv s]cpamdpp
Fm kpjp]vXnbn Fs Ah Fmbncnpw?
Cs\ Nnnv Xs B`mk kzcq]w Nnm hnjbam
p Anbn ]nsv FcnSpXpt]mse
NnZm`mkhpw Am\n s]v \jvSamIpp.

31. Zlcx {]XyKmm \jvtS mt\

XXx ]cw
anXtXm hym]y hnm\w ZltXyh
tW\ Xp
3.

at\mab m\abm k ayK ZKv[zm

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727

I 33.

[ymbmkvtX ap\n sshhmkp]vtX

cmartX kvXp bx
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34. Pohp ]Zw Xrzm kztZtl
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35. Ai_vZ akv]i acq] ahybw
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{]XyKmmhv hnimeX ]qv hnm\sbpw ssIhn

Spp. Cs\ at\mabhpw hnm\abhpw ]qam
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Ah [\y\pw IrXIrXy\pamWv. Ahs Ana
kabw hcptm Ah Pohpnbn \npw
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t]mIpXpt]msebmbncnpw Ahs Ayw.
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AXoXambn, \nXy\pw Ahyb\pw BXyclnX\pw
alm\pw imizX\pw ip\pw AhnImcnbpamb {_w
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Cs\ kmwkmcnI m\w ssIhnXn\p tijw

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1.

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3.

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{]Yam\w knmk\n\pamWv. jSvN{Iw, tjmUi
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aqem[mcw \mep ZftfmSp IqSnbXmWv. kzm[njvTm\

728

I n Bdp ZftfmSp IqSnbXpw \mZnbn ]p Zf

tNXpw,lrZbn ]{p Zfw DffXpamb
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6.

kl{kZekwJymXw {_]va c{
alm ]Yn I
B[mcw {]Yaw N{Iw kzm[njv Tm\w
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7. tbm\nm\w Zztbmat[y Imacq]w
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ImamJyw Xp KpZmt\ ]Pw Xp
NXp Zfw
8. Xt[y t{]mNytX tbm\oxImamJym
kn hnXmI
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{]Xnjv TnXm I
kam[u ]caw tPymXnc\w hniztXmapJw

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ZfIaew nXnsNpp. BZy N{Iw aqem[mchpw
ZznXob N{Iw kzm[njvTm\hpamIpp. CXv tbm\nm
\v cn\pw at[y nXnsNpp. BZy N{Iw
aqem[mchpw ZznXob N{Iw kzm[njvTm\hpamIpp. CXv
tbm\nm\v cn\pw at[y nXnsNpp. CXv
tbm\nm\v cn\pw aty nXnsNpp. CXn
s\ Imacq]sav ]dbpp.Imasa Cu NXpZfIaew
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ta{Un\v XmsgbmWv. AhnsS hniztXmapJhpw A\hpamb tPymXnp kam[nbn \nesImffpp.

11.

Xkva n ZrjvtS almtbmtK bmXm

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ta hm`n[obtXI
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ZzmZiZfbpXhpw ]m]]pWyclnXhpamb Cu N{In
XXzm\w knnmXncnpnStmfw Imew Poh\v
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\mUnI {][m\fmWv.

16. {][m\m {]mW hmlnt\ym

`qbkvXmkp ZikvarXmx I
CUm N ]nwKem ssNh kpjpav\m
N XrXobKm
17. Kmmco lkvX n Pnlzm N ]qjm ssNh
bikzn\n
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Ziao kvarXm
18. GXmUo alm N{Iw mXhyw
tbmKn `nx kZm
CUm hmta nXm `mtK ZntW
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19. kpjpav\m a[ytZti Xp Kmmco
hma Npjo I
ZntW lkvXn Pnlzm N ]qjm It
N ZntW
20. bikzn\o hma It N B\t\
Nm]yew_pkm
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729

I ]qjm, bikzn\n, Aew_pk, Iplp, iwJn\n ChbmWv

B ]v \mUnI. Cu \mUoaKmN{Is tbmKnI
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kapJpw Iplp enwKnepw iwJn\n aqem\pw
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21. Ghw Zzmcw kam{inXy XnjvTt

\mUbx {IamXv I
CUm ]nwKem kujpav\ x {]mWamt
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hmbhx I
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khicocnepw nXn sNpp. ChbpamWv
{][m\ hmbp DZvKmcn \mKhpw Doe\n
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tImphmbn tZhZhpamWv.

26. \ PlmXn arXw hm]n kh hym]n

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GtX \mUojp khmkp {`at
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27. Bn]vtXm `qP ZWvtU\ btYm
aXn IpIx I
{]mWm]m\kamn]vX kvXYm Po thm \
XnjvTXn

28. {]mWm]m\htim Pothmly [tm [zw

N [mhXn I
hmaZnWamm`ymw NeXzm ZyiytX
29. \p_tmbYmtiyt\m KtXm ]ym
Iy jytX]p\x I
KpW _kvXYm Pohx {]mWm]mt\\
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tm[zw NKXn
A]m\x IjXn {]mWw {]mtWm ]m\w
N IjXn. I
Du[zm[kwnXmthXu tbm Pm\mXn
k tbmKhnXv
khhym]nbmb [\RvPbw F hmbp acWti
jhpw icocw hnpt]mIpn. kh \mUnIfn IqSn
bpw Poh {`aWw sNpp. Fdnbs hkvXp t]mse
{]mWm]m\ hmbfpsS thKn ncambn HcnSv
\nmXncnpp. {]mW aIfntepw Xmtgbvpw
CSXpw heXpw amfnepw hp t]mbpw Ccnppv.
Fm KXnthKn AXv Zyiya. IdpsImv
_ns ]cpns\tmse {]mW apIfntepw
Xmtgpw hpw t]mbpancnppv. A]m\ {]mW
s\bpw {]mW A]m\s\bpw BIjnpp. tbmK
imkv{Xadnbph {]mWs Cu Du[z[x Ka\w
Idnbp.

31. lImtcW _lnbmXn kImtcW

hntiXv ]p\x I
lwklwtkXy apw a{w Pothm
P]Xn khZm
32. jSv iXm\n Znhmcm{Xu kl {kmtWyI
hnwtiXnx I
GXXv kwJym\zXw a{w Pothm P]Xn
khZm
33. AP]m \ma Kmb{Xn tbmK\mw tamZw kZm
Akym kev] amt{XW kh
]mss]x {]apNytX
34. A\bm kZrio hnZym A\bm kZrtim
P]x I
A\bm kZriw m\w \ `qXw \ `hnjyXn
35. IpWv Uen\ymw kapZv `qXm Kmb{Xo
{]mW[mcnWo I
{]mWhnZym IpWvUen\o bkvXmw
thn kthZhnXv
Cu Poh lImc [z\nbn _lo KampIbpw
kImc [z\nbn A KanpIbpw sNpp. Cs\

730

I Hcp cm]Ien 21500 a{w kZm P]npsImncnpp

AP]mKmb{Xn FmWXn\v t]cv. CXv tbmKnIv
tam{]Zhpw kev] m Xs ]m]hntamNI
hpamWv. CXn\p Xpeyambn Hpan. IpWvUen\nbn
\np kapZv`qXamb Cu Kmb{Xn {]mWhnZybpw almhn
ZybpamWv. CXcnbph thZ\s{X.

36. Itmt[z IpWv Ueoin cjvS[m

IpWvU emIrXnx I
{_Zzmc apJw \nXyw aptJ\mZy XnjvTXn.
37. tb\ ZzmtcW Khpw {_Zzmca\mabw I
aptJ\mmZy XZvZzmcw {]kvX pX ]ctaizco
38. {]_pm hntbmtK\ a\km acpXm
kl I
kpNohZv Km{XamZmb {hPXyqyw
kpjpav\bm
39. DZvL mStbXv IhmSw Xp bYm
IpnIbm Krlw I
IpWv Uen\ym XYm tbmKo tamZzmcw
{]t`ZtbXv
40. IrXzm kw]pSnXu Icu ZrVXcw _[zmYp
]Zvamk\w KmVw hkn kn[mb Npw_pIw
[ym\w N XtjvSnXw hmcw hmca]m\ aq[za
\new t{]mmtbXv ]qcnXw ]p {]mWap
ss]Xn t_m[aXpew in {]`mhmcx
Ins apIfn IpWvUnen\o imn AjvS
IpWvUen\o imn AjvSIpWvUefn hy]cnv
AhnsSs {_s BhcWw sNbvXv kZm nXn
sNpp. GsXmcp {_c{n IqSnbmtWm
{]bmkw hn\m t]mtIn hcpXv Bc{w. apJw
sImp adv kZm Cu ]ctaizco in kpjp]vXnbn
Bncnpp. AXv hn tbmKn DWv a\pw
{]mW\psamw kpjp]v\bn IqSn kqNn t]mse
apIfntev t]mIpp. Xmtm sImv hmXn
XpdpXpt]mse tbmKn IpWvUen\o iym
tamIhmSw t`ZnWw. cp ssIIsfbpw kwLSn
Xamn ZrVambn ]Zvamk\nencpv XmSn s\tmSv
tNv {_ [y\tSv hopw hopw hmbp apIfn
tev henpIbpw ]ns shfnbntev hnSpIbpw
thWw. Cs\ sNbvXm a\pjy hntijm Hcp
in A\p`hsSpXmWv.

41. AwK\mw a\w IrXym{iakwPmX

hmcnWm I
ISzehW XyKn oct`mP\amNtcXv
42. {_Nmco anXlmco tbmKo tbmK
]cnbmWx I

A_vZ mZp[zw `thXvkntm \m{X

Imcym hnNmcWm

43. kpkv \nKv[ a[pcmlmcXpmwi

hnhPnXx
`pRvPtX inhkw{]oXym anXmlmco
k DNytX
44. Itmt[z IpWv Ueo incjvS[m
IpWv U emIrXn I
_\mb N aqVm\mw tbmKn\mw tam
Zm kZm
45. almap{Zmw \t`map{Zmw HmUymWw N
Pecw I
aqe_w N tbm thn k tbmKo
apn `mP\w
A`ymkm hnbpmbm AwK anv
Ibv]v, ]pfn, Dv, Fnh Ie Blmc km[\apt]
n ocmw `nWw. {_Nmcnbpw anXmlm
cnbpw tbmK]cmbW\pamb tbmKn Hcp hjn\Iw
Xs knn {]m]npw FXn kwiban. kv\nKv[
a[pcamb Blmcw IgnWw. hbdns \mensemcp
`mKw HgnnSWw. inh {]oXntbmsS Blmcw Ignp
hs\ anXmlmcnsbv ]dbpp. IcpnsapIfnepff
AjvSIpWvUe klnXamb IWvUen\o in aqV
mv _\{]Zhpw tbmKnIv tam {]Zhpam
Ip Xt]map{Z, DUymWw, Pe[c_w,aqe_w
Fnh Adnbp tbmKn apnv Al\mWv.

46. ]mjWnLmtX\ kw]oUy tbm\n

amIptbXv ZrVw I
A]m\aq[zmamIrjy aqe_tm
ho[obtX
47. A]m\{]mWtbmsscIyw
bmq{X]qcojtbmx I
bphm `hXn hrtm f kXXw aqe
_\mXv
48. HUymWw IcptX bkvamZhn{imw
almJK I
HmnbmWw XtZhkym arXyp
amXwKtIkco
49. DZcmXv ]naw XmW at[m\mt`
\nKZytX I
HmUyWapZtc _kvX{X _tm
hn[obtX
50. _[v\ mXn ln intcmPmXat[mKman
\t`mPew I

731

XtXm Pmetcm _x IWvT

ZpxJu L\mi\x
inbn DqnsIman tbm\n m\w ZrV
ambn ktmNnnv A]m\hmbphns\ apIfntebvmI
jnm AXv aqe_amWv. Cu {Inbbm {]mW]m\
hmbp HmbnocpIbpw aeaq{X IpdbpIbpw
sNpp. Cu aqe_w A`yknp hyn hr
\msWnepw bphmhmbnocpp. arXyphmIp B\
bvv knwlw t]msebmWv DUymbWm`ymkw. DZcn
\nv \m`np Xmtgmv \op ]w AXv ]nbXm\
amWv. Dnbm\_hw DZcn Xs sNWw.
At[m{ianbmb \`ehpw PeXXzhpw incn
Xs ncambn shm Pec_ambn. CXv ZpxJ
timZn\miIamWv.

51. Pmetc IrtX _t IWvT ktmN

etW I
\ ]obqjw ]XXyu X N hmbp {][mhXn
52. I]meIpltc Pnlzm {]hnjvSm
hn]coXKm I
tiNco {ZpthmcKXm ZrjvSnap{Zm `hXn
53. \ tcmtKm acWw Xky \ \n{Zm a p
[m Xrjm I
\ N aqOm `thky tbm ap{Zmw
thn tJNcnw
54. ]oUntX \ NtcmtKW en]ytX \
k I`nx I
_[ytX \ N tI\m]n tbm ap{Zmw
thn tJNcnw
55. Nnw NcXn tJ bkva mnlzm NcXn
tJ bXx
tXt\bw tJNco ap{Zm khkn
\akvI rXm
Pm\c _w sNptm IWvTw ktmNnnpXn\m AarXw Anbn ]Xnpn. hmbp
Nenpn. \mv hn]coXamn I]meIplcn
{]thinnpIbpw cp ]pcnIpw at[y ZrjvSn
DdnpIbpw sNbvXm AXv tJNco ap{ZbmWv. AXp
sNbvXm tcmKtam, acWtam, hnitm, Zmltam Dm
In. tJNcoap{Z A`yknnpffh\v t_m[tSn;
tcmKnbmIn. AXv Adnh\v {]Xn_ Dm
In. AXns km[\bm Nnhpw Pnlzhpw BIm
in kcnpp; knmcpw B ap{Zsb \akv
cnpp.

56. _npaqe icocmWn inckvX{X

{]XnjvTnXmx I

57.

58.

59.

60.

`mhbo icocmWn B ]mZXe akvXIw

tJNcy ap{ZnXw tb\ hnhcw
ew_n tImzXx I
\ Xky obtX _npx Iman\ymenwKn
Xky N
bmhXv _np ntXm tZtl XmhpXyp `bw
IpXx bmhXv _m \t`m ap{Zm XmhXv
_np\ KXn
PzentXm f ]n bYm _npx kw{]m]vX
lpXmi\w
{hPXyp [zmwKXx iym \ncptm
tbm\n ap{Ztbm
k]q\ hnhnt[m _npx ]mWv Utcm
temlnkvX Ym
]mWvU cw ipanXymlq temln
XmJymw Pyw almcPx

]mZw apX incphscbpff khmwKsfbpw

t]mjnnp kncpIsmw B[mcw _nphmWv.
tJNcnap{Zbm \mn\p apIfn I]me Iplcw _n
phs hocyw \jvSsSpn. kv{XobpsS BenwK\
mepw \jvSsSn. tZln hocyapffnStmfw
Imew arXyp `bw th. tJNcn ap{Zm _ambncnpnS
tmfw Imew _np (hocyw) \jvSsSn. _np
\nKanp AnXXzs {]m]nmepw tbm\nap{Zbm
AXv XSp \ndpn Du[zKmanbmmhpXmWv.
_np cp hn[apv. Hp shfpXv, atXv NpaXv.
shfp\ndapffXns t]cv ipsapw Npa \ndap
XntXv almcPv FpamWv.

61. knqc {hmXkmiwchnm\nXw cPx

iinm\nXw ipw XtbmsscIyw
kpZpe`m
62. _npx {_m cPx inx _ncnp cmtPm
chnx D`tbmxk kwKamtZh {]m]ytX
]caw ]Zw.
63. hmbp\m inthtK\ t{]cnXw N bYm cPx
bmXn _npx kssZhXzw `thZv
Znhyh]pkv XZm
64. ipw Nt{W kwbpw cPx kqtcyW
kwKXw I
Xtbmx kacsskIXzw tbm Pm\mXn
ktbmKhnXv
65. tim[\w \mUoPmeky Nme\w
N{kqcytbmx I
ckm\mw timjWw ssNh almap{Z`obtX.
knqcw t]mse {]Iminp chnm\amWv cP
ns m\w. ipns m\w N{\mWv cns

732

I bpw kwtbmKw ITn\amWv. _np {_mhpw cPv

inbpa{X. _np N{\pw cPv kqcy\pamWv. cn
sbpw kwKam ]ca{]m]vXn ssIhcpw. hmbp\oX
amb cPv _nphpambn kwtbmPnv Hmbnocp
tm tZlw Znhyambn `hnpp. ipw N{t\mSpw
cPv kqcyt\mSpw tNncnpp. ChcpsS sFIyw
Adnbph\mWv tbmKhnv C\n \mUo Pmetim[\bpw N{kqcymcpsS Ne\w cktimjWw Ch
kw`hnp almap{Zsbn ]dbpp.

66. h t m \ y k y l \ p x {] ] oU y k p N nc w
tbm\nw N hmamw{LnWm lkvXm`ymk\p[mcb
{]kcnXw ]mZw XYmZnWw. B]pcy izkt\\
InbpKfw _zm iss\x tcNtb GXZv hym[n
hn\min\n kyalXo ap{Zm \rWmw t{]mNytX.
XmSn s\tmSp tNp shv CSXpImep sImv
tbm\nm\s hfsc t\cw Aan sh heXp
Im t\sc \on cp ssII sImpw ]nSnWw.
]ns Ccp ]mizfnepw izmkw \ndv kmh[m\w
tcNIw sNWw. CXv alpw khtcmKfpw AIp
Xpamb almap{ZbmWv.

67. N{mwti\ ka`yky kqcymwti\m`y

tkXv ]p\x I
bm XpeymXp `thXv kwJym XtXm ap{Zmw
hnk PtbXv
68. \ln]Yya]Yyw hm ckm kth]n
\ockmx I
AXnapw hnjw tLmcw ]obpj
anh PocytX
69. b IpjvT KpZm h KpevamPo
]ptcmKamx I
Xky tcmKmx bw bmn almap{Zmw Xptbm f
`ytkXv
70. IYnXm f bw almap{Zm
almknmIn\rWmw I
tKm]\obm {]bXvt\\ \ tZbm
bkyIkyNnXv
BZyw CSs \mkmc{n IqSn A`ykn
Ww. ]ns hes \mkmc{n IqSn. cns
bpwkwJy XpeyamIptm A`ymkw \ndpmw. CXp
ap{ZbpsS {]`mhm GXp Xcw `Whpw lrZyambn
ocpp. Xo{hhnjhpw AarXw t]mse Zlnpw. bw,
IpjvTw, `Kcw, Kpeam, APow F ktcmK
fpw alm ap{ZbpsS A`ymkw sImv ianpp.
almknn {]Zm\w sNp Cu almap{Zsbn tKm]y
ambn shWw. In Ihv ]dp sImSp
cpXv.

71. ]mk\w kamcply kaImbintcm[cx

\mkm{KZrjv SntcImt P]tZmwImahybw

GIm ev ]mk\nencpv \nh

ncpv icochpw incpw t\scbmn. \mknIm{Kn
ZrjvSn Ddnv Ahybamb HmlvImcw P]nWw.

72. Hmw \nXyw, ipw, _pw, \nhnIev ] w,

\ncRv P \w, \ncmJymXw, A\mZn\n[\taIw
Xpcobw bZv `qXw `hZv. `hnjyXv ]cnham\w
khZm A\hnw ]cw{_w Xkva mmXm
]cminx kzbw tPymXncmnIm Atcm]x
AZv`ym ]rYnhn. tXjmw ]`qXm\mw ]Xbx ]
kZminthizccp{Z hnjv W p {_mWtXn.
tXjmw {_hnjv W p cp{ZmmNv ]nn
Xneb Imc cmPtkm {_m kmXzntIm
hnjvW p kvX matkm cp{Z CXn. GtX {Xtbm
KpWbpmx {_mtZhm\mw {]Yax kw_`qhx
[mXm N krjvSu hnjvW p nXu cp{Z
\mtit`mKmb N{x {]YaPmx _`qhpwx GtXjmw
{_mtWm temIm tZhXncyv \c mhcm
Pmbt I tXjmw a\pjymZo\mw ]`qXka
hmbx icocw I m\hnjssb. {]mWmZn]
hbbpw at\ m_n n N nl mss cx qe
Iev] nssX tkm f ]n qe{]IrXncnXypNtX.
m\ I t{ ns s b m\ h nj s s b
{]mWmZn ]hmbp at\m _pn`n kqva
t f ]n enwKtath Xyp NytX. KptWm{Xb
bpw ImcWw kthjmtahw {XoWnicocmWn
hnt. P{KXv kz]v\ kpjp]vXnXpcotXy
hmX{kxk Xmkma akvYmama[n ]Xb
Xzmcx ]pcpjmx hnizssXPk{]mmtXn.
hntizmln qe `qv \nXyw ssXPkx {]hnhn `pIv B\ `pIv XYm {]mx kh
kmoXyXx ]cx
\nXyhpw, iphpw, _phpw, \nhnImhpw,
\nRvP\hpw, \malnXhpw, A\mZnbpw, arXypkzcq]hpw,
GIhpw, Xpcob\pw, `qX`hnjy ham\ Imefnepw
Ahnncq]\pw Bb ]{_n \npw kzbw
tPymXn cq]nWnbmb ]cminbpmbn. Bmhn
\nv BImiw Dmbn. BImin \nv hmbp;
hmbphn \nv An; Anbn \nv Pew, Pen
\nv ]rYzn. Cu ]`qXfpsS \mYm kZminh\pw
Cuizc\pw cp{Z\pw hnjvWphpw {_mhpamWv. {_mhv
krjvSn ImhmWv. hnjvWp kwcI; cp{Z {]fb
Imhv; {_mhv ctPmKpWbp\mWv;hnjvWp kXz
KpWbp; cp{Z Xtam KpWbp, {_mhv
tZhmcn {]Ya\mbn P\np. krjvSnm {_mhpw,
cnm hnjvWphpw, kwlcnm cp{Z\pw, t`mK

733

I p N{\pw B Zyambn D hnp. C hcn

{_mhn \np temIhpw, tZhmcpw, XzncypIfpw,
a\pjycpw, mhcfpw Dhnpp. a\pjy icocw
]`qXfpsS kwtbmKmepmIpp. mt\
{ob, It{nb, m\w, hnjbw {]mWmZn
]hmbp a\v , _pn, Nnw, Almcw
Chsbmw pe cq]n kev]nXfmWv. Cu
icochpw qe {]IrXnbptSXmWv. mt\{nbfpw
It{nbfpw m\hpw hnjbhpw ]hmbpfpw
a\v, _pn, Nnw, Almcw Chsbmw qe cq]n kev]nXfmWv. Cu icochpw qe {]IrXnbptSXmWv. mt\{nbfpw, It{nbfpw
m\hpw, hnjbhpw, ]hmbpfpw a\v, _pn
Fnhbpw kqva cq]nenwK Fp ]dbpp.
ImcWw {XnKpWmIamWv. Ghpw aqp icocapv.
Pm{KX, kz]v\ w, kpjp]vXn,Xpcobw Fv \mev Ah
Ifpw Dv. Ahbvsmw A[n]Xnbmbn hnizw,
ssXPkw, {]mw, Bmhv Chbn \mep ]pcpj
mpv.qens t`mmhv hnizhpw GImn
tXv ssXPkhpw B\ntXv {]mhpw BWv.
]c khn\pw kmn cq]amWv.

73. {]WXx khXmXnjvtTXv kh Pothjp

t`mKXmx
A`ncmap khmky hyhmkp
lyt[mapJx
74. BImc DImtcm aImctXn {Xtbm hm
kv{Xtbm tZhm kv{Xtbm KpWm kv{Xo\ym
cmWn Ghw {]Whx {]ImitX {Xbx BImtcm
P m{K X n t\ t {X h t X k h P p j p
kzcmDImc IWv T Xx kz]v t \ aI mtcmlrZn
kp]vXnXmx
75. hncmUv h nizx qeImc lncWy K`
sskXPkx kpva DImcx ImcW hymIrXx
{]m aImcx BImtcm cmPmtkm ctm
{_m tNX\ DytX. DImc kmXznIx iptm
hnjvWpcoXym`n[n btX.
kh PohPmefpsSbpw t`mKImev {]Whw
`ncq]n hknpp. AXv Fm AhkvYbnepw
A t[mpJambn A`ncanpp. AImcw DImcw aImcw
ap pw ap ph fpw aqp thZ fpw a pp
temIfpw app KpWfpw appAcfpw
appkzcfpw Fmw {]Whw aptJ\ {]Iminpp.
Fmnepw Pm{KZmhbn AImcw t\{Xfn
hknpp. kz]v\mhbn DImcw IWvTnepw
kpjp]vXmhbn aImcw lrZbnepw hkn
pp. BImcw qehpw hncmpw hnizhpamWv. DImcw

lncWyK`hpw, ssXPkhpw, kqv a hpw, aImcw

ImcWhpw, AhymIrXhpw {]mhpamIpp. AImcw
cmPkw, chw {_mhv Fns\ ]dbsSpp.
DImcw kmXznIw iphw hnjvW p Fpw aImcw
Xmakw IrjvWhw cp{Z Fo \mafmepw ]db
sSpp.

76. aImckvXakxIrjvtWm cp{ZtXn

XtYmNytX I
{]WhmXv {]`thm {_m {]WhmXv
{]`thm lcnx
77. {]WhmXv {]`thm cp{Zmx{]Wthm ln
]tcm `thXv
BImtc eobtX{_ DImtc enbtX lcnx
78. aImtc enbtX cp{Zmx {]Wthm ln
{]ImitX I
m\n\m aq[ztKm `qbm Zm t\kym
Zt[mapJx
79. Ghw ssh {]WhkvXn jvtTZykvXyw thZk
thZhnXv I
A\mlX kzcqt]W PmRm\n\
aq[ztKm `hXv.
80. ssXe [mcmamhnNvOnw ZoLL
\n\mZhXv I
{]Whky [z\n kvssXhkvX `{K,
{_ tNmNytX:
{]Whn \npamWv {_mhv, hnjvWp, cp{Z
Fo aqp aqnIfpw DmbXv. {]Whw XsbmWv
]cmXXzw {_mhv AImcnepw hnjvWp DImcnepw
cp{Z aImcnepw hnebw {]m]npp.{]Whw am{X
amWv ncw. AXv m\nIfn Du[zapJambpw
Am\nIfn At[mapJambpw nXnsNpp.
{]Whw am{Xta ncambnsmffq. AXns\ Adnbp
h\mWv thZhnv AXv A\mlX cq]n PvR m\n
Ifn Du[zKXnbmbncnp {]Whns A\mlX [z\n Ahnn ssXe[mct]msebpw ZoL Lm
\mZw t]msebpw `hnpp. A{K`mKw XsbmWv {_
sap ]dbpXv.

81. tPymXna abw XZ{Kw kzmZhmNyw

_pn kqva Xmx I
`Zrqtcy almmt\m bkvX thZ
kthZ hnXv.
82. Pm{Kt{X Zztbm at[y lwk
Gh {]ImitX I
kImcx tJNco t{]mkvXw]Zw
tNXn \nnXw.

734

I 83.

lImx ]ctaix kzmXv ]Zw tNXn

\nnXw I
kImtcm [zbtX Pp lImtcm ln
`thZv {Zphw.
84. C{nssb h[ytX Poh Bm ssNh
\ _[ytX I
aaXzt\ `thm othm \natXz\ tIhex
85. `q`qhx kzcnta temIm tkmam
kqcymn tZhXmx
bky am{Xmkp XmjvTn XXv]cw
tPymXntcmanXn.

A{K`mKamb {_w tPymXn abhpw AhmNyhp

amWv. almm AXns\ kqva _pnbn ImWpp.
AXdnbphm\mWv thZhnv. Pm{KZmhbn cp
t\{XfpsSbpw at[y lwkw {]Iminpp. AXnse
kImcw tJNcocp]amIpp. lImcw ]ctaizcs ]Z
amWv. kImcs [ym\np Poh \nbambpw
lImccq]amb Cuizc\mbnocpp. C{nb
Pohs\ _ns]Sppp. Ahv
Bmhns\ _nm Ignhn. aaX \nanw
Poh Pohnpp. aaX \jvSsm ssIheykzcq]
ambn `qtemIw `qhtemIw, kztemIw, N{, kqcy,
An, BZnthm Fmw ]catPymXnkzcq]amb Hmwm
cam{XIfn XsbmWv \nesImffpXv.

86. Cm {Inbm XYm m\w {_mo cu{Zo N I

sshjvWho {Xn[mam{XnXn b{X
XXv] cw tPymXn tcmanXn
87. hNkmXt]nXyw h]pjm XXv
ka`ytkXv I
a\km Xt]nXyw XXv]cw tPymXn
tcmanXn
88. ipNn hm]yipNn hm]n tbm Pt]Xv
{]Whw kZm I
k \ en]yXn ]mt]\ ] ]{Xahmw `km
89. Nte hmtX Ntem _nq \nte \ntem
`thXv tbmKo mWp Xzam]v t \mXn XtXm
hmbpw \ncptbXv.
90. bm]Zv hmbpxntX tZtl Xm] othm
\apXn I
acWw Xky \njv{Imn kvXtXm hmbpw
\ncptbXv
Cmin, m\in, {Inbmin Fo
aqpw {_o cu{Zo sshjvWho Fo aqpam{XIfpw
]catPymXn cq]amb Hmwmcn nXn sNpp.
AXns\ hmpsImv kZm P]npIbpw icocw

sIm`yknpIbpw a\psImv P]npIbpw thWw.

AXp Xs ]catPymXnkzcq]amb Hmwmcw. ipmh
bnembmepw Aipmhbnembmepw Hmwmc\ncX\mbh ]m]ap\mIpp. Xmacbnse Pens
AhbmWh\v hmbp Nenm _np Nenpp.
\neamIptm \neamIpp. _np ncXbm
emW v tbmKn \ne\mIpXv. AXn\m hmbphns\
\ntcm[nWw. tZln hmbp DffnStmfw Imew
Poh\v AXns\ Dt]nms\mn. hmbphns
_lnKa\w Xs acWw. AXn\m hmbphns\ \ntcm
[ntXpv.

91. bmhXv _tm acpXv tZtl XmhXv

Pothm \apXn I
bmhXv ZrjvSn {`pthm a[ym
XmhXvIme`bw IpXx
92. Aev] Ime `bmXv {_ {]mWmbma
]tcm `thXv I
tbmKnt\m ap\b ssh XXx {]mWmn
tcm[tbXv
93. jUv hniZwKpen lwkx {]bmWm
IpcptX _lnx I
hma ZnW amtW {]mWm bmtam
hn[obtX
94. ipn taXn bZm khw \mUoN{Iw
aemIpew I
XssZhPmbtX tbmKo {]mW
kw{KlW ax
95. _ ]mkt\m tbmKo {]mWw
Nt{W ]qctbXv I
[mctbZzm bYm iym `pbxkqtcyW
tcNtbXv.
hmbp tZln nambncnpnStmfw Poh\v
tamN\an. cp ]pcnIfpsSbpw at[y ZrjvSn nc
ambncnpnStmfw Fn\v `bsSWw? Ime\n
\nv ct\Sm {_mhpw {]mWmbman apgpIp
p. AXn\m tbmKnacpw ap\namcpw {]mW\ntcm[w
A`yknWw.lmkw AXmbXv izmkw Ccp]n Bdv
AwKpew _lnKanpp. CSXpw heXpw amn
eqsS {]mWmbmaw sNWw. \mUo N{Iw kIe amen\y
fn apamIptm {]mW\ntcm[\ kaamIpp.
tbmKn ]m\\mbn CSs \mknImc{neqsS hmbp Dffn henXn\ptijw AXns\ bYm
iIvXn DffnXs XSp \ndpn he \mknIm
c{n IqSn shfnbntev hnSWw.

735

I 96.

AartXmZ[n kmiw tKmoc[htfm

]aw I
[ymXzm N{akmw _nw_w {]mWmbmta
kpJo `thXv

97. kv^pcXv {]Pme kwPmem ]qPymamZnXy

aWvU ew I
[ymXzm lyZn nXw tbmKo
{]mWmbmta kpJn `thXv
98. {]mWw tN Zn X bm ]nt_nb anXw
`qtb \yYm tcNtbXv I
]oXzm ]nwKfbm kaocWatYm
_zm XytPZv hmtatbmx I
kqcyN{ akmct\\ hn[n\m _np
Zzbw [ymbtXx I
ipm \mUnKWm `hnbant hmk
Zzbm Zq[zx
99. btYjvS [mcWw hmtbmc\eky
{]Zo]\w I
\mZm`n hyncmtcmKyw PmbtX \mUn
tim[\mXv
100. {]mtWm tZlntXm bmhZv ]m\w Xp I
\ncptbXv GI izmkabo am{Xm
Du[zt[m Kat\ KXn.
]mS t]msebpw ]iphn ]mep t]msebpw
shfp N{_nw_w [ym\npsImv {]mWmbmaw sN
Ww. AXn\ptijw Pzenp Pzmebvsw lyZb
nX\mb kqcys\ [ym\nv {]mWmbmaw sNWw.
BZyw CUbn izmksaSpp ]nwKfbn IqSn tcNIw
sNbvXv ]nwKfbneqsS izknv CUbn IqSn ]pd
tp hnSWw. Cs\ kqcyN{ _npsf [ym\nv
A`yknm cp amkn\pffn Xs \mUnI
ipamIpw. hmbphns btYjvS{]thiw, PTcmnZo]\w
\mZ {ihWw BtcmKyw Ch \mUntim[\sImv km[yamIpp. tZln {]mWhmbp \ne\npnStmfw
A]m\s\ \ntcm[nWw. GImizmkbpamb am{X
lyZbmImin apIfnepw Xmsgbpw hpw t]mbpancnppv.

101. tcNIx ]qcI ss h Iqw`Ix

{]mWhmXIx I
{]mWmbmtam `thtZhw am{Xm ZzmZikwbpXx
102. am{Xm ZzmZi kwbpu, ZnhmImc \nimIcu
tZmj Pmea_w\ u mXhyu
tbmKn`nx kZm

103. ]qcIw ZzmZiw IqcymXv Ipw`Iw tjmUjx

`thXv
tcNIw ZitNmw Imcx {]mWmbmax
k DNytX
104. {][ta ZzmZimam{Xm a[yta ZznKpWm aXm I
Dta {XnKpWm t{]mm {]mWm
bmaky \nbx
105. A[ta tkzZP\\w Itm `hXn
a[yta Dta I
m\a]vt\mXn XtXm hmbpw \ncptbXv

tcNIw, ]qcIw, Ipw`Iw Ch {]mW kzcq]fmWv.

{]mWmbmaw ZzmZi am{Xbn sNWw. ]{p am{XItfmSpIqSnb kqcyN{mcpsS Cu {]mWmbmaw, kakvX
tZmjfpw \innpXmWv. ZzmZi am{Xmbpamb
]qcIw, sNbvXnv ]Xn\mdp am{XItfmSp IqSnb Ipw`Iw
sNWw. CXns\ Hmm {]mWmbmasav ]dbpp.
ZzmZiam{Xmbpamb {]mWmbmaw eLphpw CXns
CnbpffXv a[yahpw aqnnbpffXv DahpamIpp.
eLphmb {]mWmbman hndbepmIpw. Da
{]mWmbman CcnnSn \nv s]mppthm
Fp tXmepmIpp. Cs\ hmbphns\ \ntcm[ntXpv.

106. _]Zvam kt\m tbmKo \akvIrXy

Kpcpw inhw I
\mkm{K Zrjv SntbImIo {]mWmbmaw
ka`ytkXv.
107. ZzmcmWmw \hkw\ncpy apXw _zm
ZrVm [mcWmw I
\oXzm Imea]mhn klnXw iym
kawNmenXw I
B[ym\bpX kvXzt\ \ hn[n\m hn\yky
aq[v\n ncw I
bmhnjvT Xn XmhtZh alXmw kwtKm\
kwkv XqbtX
108. {]mWmbmtam `thtZhw ]mXtI\
]mhI I
`thmZ[n almtkXp I t{]mNytX
tbmKn`n I kZm
109. Bkt\\ cpPw ln {]mWm bmta\
]mXIw I
hnImcw am\kw tbmKn {]XymlmtcW
apPv NXn.
110. [mcWm`n at\mss[cyw bmXn
ssNX\yaZv`pXw I
kamt[m tamam]vt\mXn Xzzm
I ip`mip`w.

736

kam[\ tam am]vt\mXn Xyzm I ip`m`p`w

]mk\nencppsImv inh\mIp Kpcphns\
\akvIcnWw. ]ns \mknIm{KnZrjvSnbpdnv
GImInbmbn {]mWmbmaw sNWw. \hZzmcsfbpw
\ntcm[nv hmbp ASn ZrVambn in Nme\w sNbvXv
A]m\s\bpw An klnXw IpWvUen\nsbbpw apI
fntev sImpt]mbn B[ym\tmsS AXns\
incn \ndppI. F {X kabw AXv AhnsS
nambncnptm A{Xbpw \XmWv. Cs\bpff
{]mWmbmaw ]m]amIp hndIn\v Anbpw kwkmckmKcXcWn\v tkXphpamWv. Bk\w sImv
tcmKm[nIfpw {]mWmbman ]m]hpw ianpp.
tbmKnbpsS am\knI hnImc {]Xymlmcm
ZqcoIrXamIpp.[mcW sImWASv at\mss[cyhpw
kam[nbm ApXmhlamb ssNX\yhpw DmIpp.
As\ tbmKn ip`mip` I hnapIvX\mbn tamw
hcnpp.

111. {]mWmbmaZznjSvtI\

{]Xymlmcx
{]IonXm I
{]XymlmcZznjSvtI\ PmbtX [mcWmip`m
112. [mcWm ZzmZi t{]mw [ym\w tbmK
hnimcss` I
[ym\ ZzmZ ktIss\h kam[n c`n PmbtX
113. bXv kam[u ]cw tPymXn c\w
hniztXm apJw I
Xkva n ZrjvtS {InbmI bmXm
bmtXm \hnZytX
114. kw_mk\ ta{UawLnbpKfw
Imn\mkm ]pS I
ZzmcmZywKpen`n \nbay]h\w ht{W
hm ]pcnXw I
_[zm hkn _lz]m\ klnXw
aq[v\n ncw I
[mctb tZh bmn hntij XXzkaXmw
tbmKoizc kvX\x
{]mWmbmahpw {]Xymlmchpw ]{p XhW
A`yknm ip`amb [mcWbpmIpw ]{p XhW
sNp [mcWsb [ym\w Fv ]dbpp. ]{p
[ym\w sImv kam[nssIhcpw kam[n ssIhm
]catPymXnns A\hniztXm apJ`mhm
{InbmImi KXmKXfn \nv tamN\w e`npp.
Bk\\mbn cp ImepIfpw ta{Um\p
tNp sNhn, Iv, aqv FnhbpsS Zzmc hncepI sImv_nv hmbphns\ hmbphn IqSn henv
Dffntev sImp t]mIWw. AXns\ A]m\\pambn
tbmPnnv s\n \ntcm[nWw. ]noSv incn
ocoIcnWw. Cs\ AXn tXPns\ ebnnv

tbmKnI ka`mh\tbmsS hntijXXzw {]m]npp.

115. KK\w ]ht\ {]m]vtX [z\n cpXv

]ZytX alm I
LmZo\mw {]mhmZymXmw \mZ
knocpZocnXmx
BImin ImSnptm almb [z\n
DmIpp. aWnbpsSbpw apw i_vZw tIsSpp.
AtXmsSmw \mZ knnbpw ssIhcpp.

116. {]mWmbmta\ bpt\ kh

tcmKtbm `thXv I
{]mWmbma hnbp`yx khtcmK
kapZv `hx
117. lnm ImkkvXYm izmk;incx
Imn thZ\mx I
`hn hnhn[mx tcmKmx ]h\ hyXyb{IamXvx
118. bYm knwtlm KtPm hym{Lx `thZv
hiyx iss\x I
iss\xXssYh tkhntXm hmbp \yYm
ln km[Iw
119. bpw bpw XytPXv hmbpw bpw bpw
{]]qctbXv I
bpw bpw {]_o bmtZhw
knnahm ]m\pbmXv
120. NcXmw NpcmZo\mw hnjtbjp
bYm{Iaw I
bXv {]XymcWw tXjmw {]Xymlmcxk
DNytX.
121. bYm XrXob Imte Xp chn{]XymltcXv
{]`mw I
XrXobmwKntXm tbmKn hnImcw am\kw
ltcXv CXyp]\njXv
kh tcmKfpw {]mWmbmam kpJsSpp.
{]mWmbma clnXambm kIe tcmKfpw ]nSns
Spp. Fn Npa, izmkw, sNhnthZ\, Ip thZ\
XpSnb tcmKp ImcWw hmbp hnImcamWv.
knwlw, B\, hym{Lyw XpSnb Ppsf kmh[m\w
sacpnbm himmw. AXpt]mse hmbphns\bpw
himmw.Asn AXv km[Is acW ImcW
amImw. hmbphns\ bpn]qhw \ntcm[nWw. F
m knn ssIhcpw. hnjb kpJ fntep
t]mIp NpcmZnIfmb C{nbsf XSppXmWv
{]Xymlmw. aqmw bman kqc y{]Imiw Ipdph
cpXp t]mse XrXoXmwK\mbn tbmKn at\mhnIm
csf \nb{nWw D]\njv DXvt_m[nnpp.
tbmKNqUmaWn D]\njv kam]np.

737

1tbmK-X-tXzm-]-\n-jv
imn-]mTw
Hmw. kl-\m-h-Xp. kl \u `p\-q. klhocyw Ic-hm-hs
- sl. tXPkzn \mh-[o-X-a-kvXp. am
hnZz-jm-h-ssl. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
]c-{_w Rsf cp-t]-scbpw Hcp-anv cn-s. cp t]scbpw Hcp-anv ]cn-]m-en--s. R cpt]cpw Hcp-anv Ign-hp-I t\S-s. R-fpsS A[y-b\w
tXPn-kzn-bm-I-s. R ]c-kv]cw tZzjn-m-Xn-cn--s.
Hmw. imnx imnx imnx

1. tbmK-XXzw {]h-yman
tbmKn\mw lnX Imaybm
brXzm N ]TnXzm N
kh ]mss] {]ap-NytX
2. hnjvWp \ma alm-tbmKo
alm-`qtXm alm X]mx
Xz-amt bYm-Zot]m
ZriytX ]pcp-tjm-ax
3. Xam-cm[y PK-mYw
{]Wn-]Xy ]nXm-alx
]{]-t- bm-K-XXzw ta
{_pln NmjvSmwK kwbpXw
4. Xap-hmN lrjo-tItim
hyman irWp XXzXx
kth Pohm kpssJ ZpxssJ
ambm Pmte\ thjvSnXmx
5. tXjmw apn-Icw amw
ambm Pme \nIr-\w
P-a rXyp Pcm-hym-[n
\mi\w arXyp Xmc-Iw.

K
3

n ]d-bmw. {i-tbmsS tIp-I. kh Pohn-Ifpw

amb -bpsS ambm-Pm-e -m _Zv[a
- m-Wv. ambm-Pmew
XIv Ahv apn amw ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-m-\pXpw P Pcm-hym-[n-If
- n \nsmw tamN\w Inm-\p-Xp-am-b-amw CXmWv''

6. \m\m-amsskvXp Zpjv{]m]w
ssIheyw ]caw ]Zw
]XnXm imkv{X-Pm-tejp
{]bm tX\ tamlnXm
7. A\nhmNyw ]Zw hpw
\ iIyw XXv kpssc-c]n
kzm-{]-Imi cq]w XXv
Inw imkvt{XW {]Im-itX
8. \njvIew \new imw
khm-XowX \ncm-abw
Xtah Poh-cp-t]W
]pWy ]m] ]ssehrXw
9. ]c-am ]Zw \nXyw
XXv IYw Poh-Xmw-KXw kh-`m-h]
- Z- m-XoXw
m\-cq]w \nc-RvP\w
10. hmcn-hXv kv^pcnXw Xkvanw
kvX{Xmlw IrXn-cp-nXm
]m-I
- a
- -`qXv ]nWvUw
[mXp _w KpWm-I
- w.

ap amw B{i-bn-m ssIh-ey-am-Ip ]c-a-]Zw

Inm {]bm-k-am-W.v hnhn[ imkv{X-a-X--en IpSpn
m\n-I-fpsS _pn ]I-bvp-p. A\nh-N-\o-b-amb
B ]Zw tZh-mpw hn-m {]bmkw kzm-{]Im-in-Xc
- q-]s imkv{X-s-s\ {]Im-in-n-m
Rm tbmKn-I-fpsS lnX- n-\p- thn tbmK-X- Xz-s- Ignbpw? \njvI-f-hpw \n-ehpw imhpw khm-Xon ]d-bmw. AXp tIp- Itbm ]Tn-p- Itbm sNbvXm Xhpw \ncm-a-b-hp-amb XXzw Xs-bmWv Poh-cq-]
- n
]m]-samw \in-pw. hnjvWp Xs-bmWv alm-tbmKn; ]pWym-]p-Wy-^-e-bp--am-bn-cn-p--Xv. \nXy\pw `mhmkh-`q-X
- -fp-sSbpw BZn-a-lm-`q-Xhpw alm X]-kznbpw
Xo-X\pw m\ kzcq-]nbpw ambm-c-ln-X-\p-amb B]-cAtlw Xs. B ]pcp-tjm- -a XXz-am-n Zo]w
am-m-hns ]Zw Pohn-Is-s\ e`nmw? AXn
t]mse {]Im-in-p-p. {_mhv PK-m- b-I-\mb hnjvWpsh-n-s\m kv^pc-Wa
- p-mbn AXn Al-m-chns\ Bcm-[nv \a-kvI-cnv Cs\ ]d-p. ""Asap-m-bn. ]ns ]-a-lm-`q-Xa
- m-Ip [mXp-hn-\m _\nv AjvSmw-Kb
- p-a
- mb tbmKw D]-tZ-inp XcWw''
amb KpWm-I ]nWvUw ]nd-p.
AXp-tIv lr-jn-tI-i ]dp ""Rm B XXz-s-

738

I 11. kpJ-ZpxssJ kam-bpw

Poh-` m-h-\-bm- Ipcp
tb\ Pohm-`n[m t{]mm
hnipssx ]c-am-\n
12. Ima-t{Im[ `bw Nm]n
taml-tem` atZm cPx
P-a r-Xyp ImWyw
timI-kvX{m p[m Xrjzm
13. XrjvWm em `bw ZpxJw
hnjmtZm lj Gh N
G`ntZm-ssj hn\nap-xt#
Pohx k tIhtem aXx
14. Xkvam-tm-j-hn-\m-im
ap]mbw IY-bman tX
tbmK-lo\w IXw m\w
tamZw `hXn {[phw
15. tbmtKm ln m\-lo-\kvXp
\ tam. tam IWn
XkvamXv m\w N tbmKw N
apap-pZr-V-a -`y-tkXv

19. tbmtKm ln _lp[m {_

`nZytX hyh-lm-cXx
a{-tbmtKm eb-ssh
ltTmku cmP-tbm-KXx
20. Bcw-` LS-ssh
XYm ]cn-Nb
- x kvarXx
\njv]-n-tXyhm N
kh{X ]cn-IonXm

Am-\-m kwkm-chpw m\-m kwkmc-hn-ap-nbpw `hn-p-p. BZy-ap-m-bXv m\-kz-cq-]am- Wv. m\-m tbw ssIh-cp-p. GsXm- n-\m
kzkz-cq-]
m\w e`n-p-p, AXp-Xs ssIh-ey-sa
]c-a -]-Zhpw \njvIf
- -\n-e-amb kn-Zm-\ kzcq]w
Dev]n nXn kwlm-c-, kv^pc-W
m\w Ch
ssIh-cp-p-p. AXp Xs bYm m\w. C\n
tbmK-s-n ]d-bmw. {_, tbmK-n\v hyh-lm-cZrjvSym ]e t`Z--fp-ap-v. a{-tbm-Kw, eb-tbm-Kw, lTtbm-Kw, cmP-tbm-Kw. Cs\ tbmK-n\v \mev Ah-I-fp-s-Xv {]kn- -am-Wv. Bcw`w LSw ]cn-Nbw
\njv]n Cs\ \mev Ah-I
- -fp-ap-v.

21. GtXjmw eWw {_

hty irWp kam-kXx
kpJ ZpxJ-k-am-bp-\
- mbn Poh-`m-h-\t- bmsS AXv
amXr-Im-`n-bpXw a{w
sNp-I. hnip--amb ]c-am-m-hn Pohm-`n[w F t]cn\m AXv Adn-b-s-Sp-p. Imaw, t{Im[w, `bw, tamlw,
ZzmZ-im_vZw Xp tbm Pt]Xv
tem`w, aZw, ctPm-Kp-Ww, Pw arXyp ImWyw timIw 22. {ItaW e`tX m\w
X{, hni-v, Zmlw, XrjvW, e, `bw, ZpxJw, hnjmAWn-a m-Zn-Kp-Wm-nXw
Zw, ljw Fo tZmj- -fn\nv hnap--am-bm Poh
Aev]-_p-n-cnaw tbmKw
"tIhew' Fv Adn-b-s-Sp-p. tZmj- Zpco-I-cn-m\p D]mbw Rm ]d-bmw. tbmK-hn-lo-\-amb m\w
tkhtX km[-Im-[ax
Fs\ tam- {]-Z-am-bn- ocpw? m\-c-ln-X-amb tbmKw 23. eb-tbm-K-n--eb;
sImv tamw {]m]n-m km[y-a-. AXp-sImv apaptImSnix ]cn-IonXx
p- m\hpw tbmKhpw A`y-kn-t--Xp-v.
Kw-kvXn-jvT P] `pRvP
16. Am-\m-tZh kwkmtcm
[ymtb-n-jvI-e -ao-izcw
m\m-tZh hnap-NytX
24. k Gh eb-tbmKx kymXv
m\-kz-cq- ]t- a-hmZu
lT tbmK-aXx irWp
m\w tssb-I-km-[\w
ba \nb-a-ssh
17. mXw tb\ \nPw cq]w
Bk\w {]mW-kw-bax
ssIheyw ]caw ]Zw
25. {]Xym-lmtcm [mcWm N
\njvImew \new kmmXv
[ym\w {`qa-[yta lcnw
kn-Zm-\ cq]Iw
kam[nx ka-Xm-hm
18. Dev]-n-n-Xn-kw-lm-c
kmjvSmwtKm tbmK DNytX
pn m\-hn-hPnXw
Npcpn Rm Ch-bpsS eWw ]d-bmw. am{XGXXv m\-anXn t{]m
tbmSp
tN a{w Bbn-cn Ccp-\qdp {]mhiyw P]naY tbmKw {_hoan tX

739

I p--h {ItaW AWna XpS-nb AjvssS-izcy

32. {]mWm-bmaw XXx-Ip-cymXv

knnsb {]m]n-p-p. Fm Aev] _pn-I-fmWv
]m-k\
- K
- Xx kzbw
A-s\-bp tbmKw sNp-Xv; Ah km[-Im-[-a
- mkptim-`\w aTw IpcymXv
cm-W.v Nn-e-b-n\v tbmK-sav ]d-bp-p. AXv ]e-hnkqva-Zzmcw Xp \n{h-Ww.
[- n-e p-a p-v . \S- p-t mgpw Ccn-p-tmgpw Dd-ptmgpw Dp-tmgpw \njvI-f --\mb ]c-a m-m-h ns\ 33. kpjvSbp en]vXw tKma-tb\
[ym\n--Ww. An-s\-bm-bm AXv eb-tbm-K-am-Wv. C\n
kp[bm hm {]b-Xv\Xmx
lT tbmKw baw, \nb-aw, Bk-\w, {]mWm-bm-aw, {]Xymap-ssW-i-s sIep-ssX
lm-cw, [mc-W, [ym\w, kam[n Fn-h-bmWv AjvSmw-KhPnXw N {]b-Xv\X
tbm-Kw.
34. Znt\ Znt\ N. krjvSw
26. alm-ap{Zm alm-_tm
kP\ym hnti-jXx
alm-th[ tJNco
hmknXw N kpK-t\
Pme Do-bm-\
[p]nXw KpevKp-em-Zn`nx
aqe-_-k
- vX-ssYh N
35. \mXyp-{nXw \mXn-\oNw
27. ZoL {]W-h-k-m\w
ssNem-P n-\-Ip-tim- cw
knm {ihWw ]cw
Xt{Xm-]h
- niy ta[mho
ht{Pmfo Nma-tcmfo N
]m-k\ ka-\znXx
kltPmfo {Xn[m aXm
Ima \oI-s\ temep-]X
- sb arK-Xr-jvWs
- bp
28. GtXjmw eWw {_
IcpXn _pn-am-\mb km[-I Ah ssIsh-Sn-b-Ww.
{]tXyIw irWp XXzXx
]m-k-\--\mbn {]mWm-bmaw A`y-kn--Ww. AXn\v
Hcp \ IpSocw sNdnb hmXn-ep-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw ZzmceLzm-lmtcm bta-tjzmtIm
-sfmpw Cm--Xp-ambn Xo-Ww. NmWIw sImv
aptJym `hXn t\Xcx
AXp sagp-Ip-I. ap, Nnen XpS-nb Pohn-I Cm29. Alnwkm \nb-ta-jzIm
- X m-b n-cn- - W w. Znhkw Xqp hrn-b m- -W w.
apJym ssh NXp-cm-\\
KpKpep XpS-nb kpK-{- Z-hy--fm hmkn-X-am-pI. A[nIw heptXm sNdptXm Am hkv{Xw [cnp
knx ]m XYm-knwlw `{Zw tNXn
amtm-entem Ipim-k-\-ntem Ccpv ]m-k\w ioenNXp jvTbw
p-I.
30. {]Y-am-`y-kI
- mte Xp
36. EPp-Imbx {]mRvP-en
hnLv\m kypXp cm\\
{]W-ta-ZnjvS tZhXmw
Bekyw I\w [q tKmjvTo
XtXm ZnW lkvXky
a{m-Zn-km-[\w
AwKp-jvtS-ss\h ]nwKemw
alm-ap-{Z, alm-_-w, alm-th-[w, tJNco Pme-c-_
- w, Do-bm-\w, aqe-_-w, ZoL-{]-W-hkm\w, 37. \ncp[y ]pc-tbZv hmbp
]c-ak
- n-m--{i-hW
- w. ht{Pm-fn, Aa-tcm-fn, kl-tPm-fn,
anU-bmXp iss\x iss\x
Fnh aqp-hn-[-n-ep ap{Z-I-fm-W.v {_ Ah-bn
bYm-iy hntcm-t[\
Hmtcm- n-sbpw eWw ]d- bmw. ba--fn Aev]m-lmcw
XXx Ipcym Ipw`-Iw.
am{X-amWv apJyw. \nb-a--fn Alnw-kbpw {][m-\a
- mWv. A`ym-k-ns BZy-L-
- n oWw BXva-{]- 38. ]p\-kvXy-tPXv ]nwK-ebm
iss\-tch \ thKXx
iwk [q-k-m]w a{ km[\w apX-emb hnLv\
Dm-Ipw.
]p\x ]nwK-fbm ]qcy
31. [mXp-kv{Xo-eu-ey-Im-Zo\n
]pc-tb-Zp-Zcw iss\x
arK-Xr-jvWm-a-bm\n ssh
39. [mc-bnXzm bYm-in
mXzm kp[o-kvXp-tPXv khm
tcN-tb-Zn-Ubm iss\x
hnLv\m ]pWy-{]-`m-hXx
b bmXy-tP-tbm ]qcy [mc-tb-Z-hn-tcm-[Xx

740

I 40. Pm\p-{]-Z-nWo IrXy

\{ZpXw \ hnfw-_nXw

Xm\n hymay tijXx

AwKp-en-kvt^m-S\w IpcymXv

ico-c-eL
- pXm Zo]vXn

kmam{X ]cn-Ko-btX

PT-cmn hnh\w

\nhn-cpv ssIIqn CjvS-tZ-hs\ \a-kvI-cnv

heXp ssIsImv ]nwK-f sb Aan kmh-[m\w
]pcIw sNbvXv \ntcm-[nv Ipw`Iw sNp-I. ]ns ]nwKf-ap-tJ\ hmbp-hns\ km[m-cW KXn-bn ]pdtv hnSWw. ]ns ]nwK-f-bm hmbp-hns\ hb-n \nd-bvpI. bYm-in [mcWw sNbvXp. CU-ap-tJ\ tcNIw sNWw. Cs\ GXp aqnZzm-c-n-eq-sS-bmtWm izknXv AXnIqSn hopw \ndv at aqnZzm-c- n IqSn
]pd-tp hnp-sIm-a-n-cn--Ww. Gsd ]Xp-stbm
Gsd thK-ntem AmsX hnc-ep-sImv apv {]Z-o-Icn-p-I. B ka-bs Hcp am{X-sbv ]d-bp-p.

41. CUbm hmbp atcm]y

iss\x-tjm-U-i-am-{Xbm
Ipw`-tbXv ]qcnXm ]m
Xpx jjvTym Xp am{Xbm
42. tcN-tbXv ]nwK-fm-\mUym
Zzm{Xnw-i-m-{Xbm ]p\x
]p\x ]nwK-f-bm-]p-cy
]qhXv kpk-am-lnXx
43. {]mXa-[y-Znt\ kmb
a-cmt{X N Ipw `Im
iss\-c-ioXn ]cyw
NXphmcw ka-`y-tkXv
44. Ghw am{Xm-{X-bm-`ym-km
mUo ipn-kvXtXm `thXv
bZm Xp\mUo ipnx kym
Zm Nnm\n _mlyXx
BZyw CU-bn IqSn ]Xn-\mdp am{X hmbp-hns\ Dn-tebvv henv ]ns Adp-]
- n-\m-ep-hsc Iw`Iw
sNbvXp ap-n-cp hsc ]nK-f\
- m-Un-bn IqSn tcNIw
sN-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw cmw {]mhiyw ]nwK-eb
- n
IqSn hmbp-hns\ henv apn-e-s-t]mse sNbvXp-sImn-c
- -Ww. cmhn-sebpw Dbvpw kypw A-cm{Xn-bnepw \mep-{]m-hiyw kmh-[m\w F]Xp Ipw`Iw
hsc sN-Ww. Cs\ aqp-am-ks A`ym-k-m
\mUo-ipn ssIh-cpw. km[-Is tZl-n AXns
Nn-fpw ImWm-dm-Ipw.

45. Pmbt tbmKnt\m tZtl

46. IriXzw N ico-cky

XZm-Pm-tbX \nn Xw
tbmK-h n-Lv\I
- -cm-lmcw
h-tb-tXym-K -hn- ax
47. ehWw kj]w Nm
apjvWw XovWw N cqIw
imI-PmXw cma-Tm-Zn
hn kv{Xn ]Y-tk-h\w
48. {]mXx kv\mt\m ]hm-km-Zn
Imb-t-imw hP-tbXv
A`ymk Imte {]Yaw
ikvX w ocm-Py-t`m-P\w
49. tKm[p-a-ap-ZvK-im-eyw
tbmK-hr-n-Icw hnZpx
XXx ]cw btYjvSw Xp
iw kymZzm-bp-[m-ctW
50. btYjvS [mc-Wm-Zzmtbmx
kntXv tIhe Ipw`Ix
tIhte Ipw`tI knt
tcN-]p-c-hn-hPntX
AtXm-sS tbmKn- bpsS ico-c-n ImW- s- Sp Nn ]d-bmw. Hv ico-c-em-L-h-am-Wv. AtXm-sSmw PTcmn Xo{h-am-Ip-p. icocw \nn--amIpw tbmK-hnLw
hcp-p Blmcw ssIsh-Sn-b-Ww. Dv, F, ]pfn-v,
NqtS-dn-b-Xv, cq-XojvW t`mP-\w, Imbw XpS-n-bh,
kv{Xo kw, A[nIw \S-p-I, {]mXx-kv\m\w, D]hmkw XpSnbh hn-p-I.
A`ym-km-cw-`
- n ocm-hpw s\bvsIm-p
t`mP-\hpw t{ijvT-am-Wv. tKmX-v, Dgp-v, Acn-`-Ww
Fn- h tbmK-hr-n-I-c-am-Wv. Cs\ A`ymkw sNbvXm
hmbp-hns\ btYw [cn-m-\p in Inpw. hmbp-[mcWw km[n-m tIh-e-Ipw-`Iw kn-am-Ip-p. Atm
tcNI ]qc-I- ssIsh-Sn-bmw.

51. \ Xky Zpe_w InnXv

{Xnjp temtIjp hnZytX
{]tkztZm PmbtX ]qw
a\w tX\ Imc-tbXv

741

I 52. XtXm]n [mc-Wm-Zzmtbmx

{Ita-ssWh iss\x iss\x
Itm _hXn tZlky
Bk\ ky tZln\x
53. XtXm-[n-I -X-cm-`ym-km
ZpZpco tkz\ PmbtX
bYm N Z Zptcm `mhx
DXvp-tXym-XvXy KXn
54. ]Zvam-k-\-ntXm tbmKo
XYm KXn `qXte
XtXm-[n-I-X-c m-`ym-kmXv
`qan-Xym-K PmbtX

60. knwtlm hm tbmKn\m tX\

{anbt lkvX XmUnXmx
Iky bYm cq]w
XYm kymZ]n tbmKn\x

]t Xs kmayhpw inbpw ap--hc

- psS
apn {]I-Sn-n-c
- p-Xv. kzbw Iv Xs Dmlw
hn-n-p-I. AXn ]ns km[m-cW {]bm-k-sfmpw km[-I-\p-m-hn-. ae-aq-{X- Ipdbpw \n{Z
Npcp-pw, aqn- tbm Xptem hnbtm hmbp-hns ZpKtam Ah-\p-m-In-. A`ymkw hn-p--tXmsS \
in-bp-m-Ipw. Fn-s\bpw t\cn-Sm-\p in Inpw.
ISph B\ knwlw XpS-nb arK-fpw tbmKn-bpsS
ssIsIm-p Hcp ASn-tb-m Np-t]m-Ipw. Imas\m ku-cyhpw Dm-Ipw.

55. ]tam-k-\ Ghmku

61. X{Zp-]h
- i
- Km \mcyx
Imwt Xky kwKaw
AXn-am-\p-j-tN-jv SmZn
bZn kwKw Itcm-tXzj
XYm kmay-ap-Zv` -thXv
Xky _np tbm `thXv
tbmKnv AXn-\p-tijw aqp temI-nepw Hpw 62. hP-bnXzm kv{Xnbmx-kmKw
Zpe-`-am-hp-I-bn-. A`ym-k-L-
- n Dm-Ip hnbv
Ipcym-`-`ym-k-am-Z-cmXv
tZl-n an--Ww. AtXmsS hmbp [cn-m-\p
tbmKn-t\mwtK kpK-
in IqSpw. AtXmsS Ccn-p km[-Is icocw hndPmbtX _np [mc-WmXv
bvp-p. Ipsd--gn-bp-tm Xh-f-bvsm tNjvS Dm63. XtXm cl-kyp-]m-hnjvSx
Ipw. AXm-bXv IpXn-p-Nm-Sp Ahm hnti-jw.
{]Whw pX-am-{Xbm
AXnepw D]-cn-bmb A`ym-k-n Ah `qan-bn \nv
Pt]Xv ]qhmPn-Xm\mw Xp
s]mm XpS-p-p. CXp-t]mse Aam-\p-jn-I-{]-hr-nI sNm\pw Ign-bpw.
]m]m\mw \mi-tl-X-th
64. kh hnLv\l
- tcm a{x
56. \Zi-tb kmayw
{]Whx c htZm-jlm
Zi\w hocy hcw
Gh-a-`ym-k-tbm-tK\ knn-cm-c w-`-kw-`hm
kzev]w hm _lp[m ZpxJw
65. XtXm `thXv cT hm
tbmKo \ hyYtX XZm
]h-\m-`ymk XXv]cm
57. Aev] aq{X-]p-co-j
{]mtWm-]mt\m at\m _pn
kzev]\
- n-{Z PmbtX
Pohm ]c-am-t\mx
Ioethm Zpjn-Im-emem tkzZ-Zp--Xm-\t\
66. At\ym\y kmhn-tcm-tZ\
58. GXm\n khYm Xky
GIXm LStX bZm
\ Pmbt XXx ]cw
lSm-ht- Xn km t{]mm
XtXm-[n-I-X-c m-`ym-kmXv
Xn-m\n {_ho-aylw
_e-apXv ]ZytX _lp
`qan-ap- rPy htX

59. tb\ `qNc knnx kymXv

`qN-cmWmw Ptb-ax
hymt{Lm hm ict`m hm]n
KtPm Khb Gh hm

kv{XoI Ahs cq]-m BIr-jvS-cmbn Ah\p-am-bp kwKaw B{K-ln-p-shp hcmw. tbmKn kv{Xo
kwKaw sNbvXm Ahs hocyw \jvS-s-Sp-p. AXn\m kv{XoIsf {in-msX ZrV-X-tbmsS A`ym-k-]-c\m-I-Ww. hocy-[m-c-W
- m Abm-fpsS icocw kpK-n-

742

I X-am-Ip-p. Abm GIm--Xb- n-en-cpv X-am-{X-bn

{]Whw P]n-W
- w. Xqew ]m]w \inp; {]Whw
kh-hn-Lv\-lm-cn-bm-Wv. Cs\ A`ym-k-tbm-K-m
knn ssIhcpw hmbp [mc-W-m {]mW A]m-\
a\v _pn Pohm--]-ca
- m-m- Fn-h-bpsS ]mckv]c
- n-X-amb sFIyw m]n-X-am-Ip-p. AXns Nn ]d-bmw.

67. ]qhw bx IYn-tXm-`ym-k

pmwiw ]cn-{K-tlXv
Znhm hm bZn hm kmbw
bma-am{Xw ka-`y-tkXv
68. GI-hmcw {]Xn-Zn\w
IpcymXv tIh-e-Ipw-`Iw
C{n-bm-W o-{n-bmtt_ym
bXv {]Xym-l-cWw kv^pSw
69. tbmKn Ipw`-I-am-mb
{]Xym-lmc k DNytX
bZyXv ]iyXn Np `ymw
X-Zm-tXn `mh-tbXv
70. bZyXv irtWmXn Im`ymw
X-Zm-tXn `mh-tbXv
e`tX \mkbm bZr
-Zm-tXn `mh-tbXv
BZyw sNbvXn-cp A`ymkw ]noSv \men-semv
sNbvXm aXn ]Item cm{Xntbm Hcp bmaw A`ymkw
sN-Ww. Ip`Iw am{Xw {]Xn-Zn\w Hcp {]mhiyw sNWw. Ipw`Iw sNbvXv C{n-b-sf Ah-bpsS hnj-b-fn\nv {]Xym-lc
- n-W
- w. CXmWv {]Xym-lm-cw. Cu
L-n Fp-I-mepw GXv tImepw Fv aW-nmepw Ah-sbmw B-`m-h\
- t- bmsS kzoI-cn-p-I.

71. Pnlzbm b{Zkw lrn

X-Zm-tXn `mh-tbXv
XzNm bZyXv kv]ptiXv tbmKo
X ZmtXn `mh-tbXv
72. Ghw mt\-{n-bmWmw Xp
XXv kuJyw kpkm-[t- bXv
bma-am{Xw {]Xn-Zn\w
tbmKo bXv\m-ZX
- {- nXx
73. bYmhm Nn-km-ayw
PmbtX tbmKnt\m {[phw
Zpc-{ip-XnZp-c-ZrjvSnx
Wm pcm-Ka
- -kvXYm

74. hmIvknnx Ima-cq-]X

- z
aZr-iy-I-cWo XYm ae-aq{X {]te-t]\
temlmtZx kzXm `thXv
75. tJ KXn-kvXky PmtbX
k-Xm-`ymk tbmKXx
kZm _pn-aXm `mhyw
tbmKn\m tbmK kntb

\mn GXp ck- a mtWm {K- l n- - s - Sp- Xv

AXns\ B-cq-]-n `mhn--Ww. Xzn GsXmv
kv]in--s-Sp-p, AXnepw A-`mhw thWw. Cs\
mt\-{nb hnj-b- km[Iw sNbvX Znh-k-n
Hcp bmaw hsc A`ymkw thWw. am\-kn-I-amb Ign-hpIp ]pdsa km[-I\v Zqc-{ip-Xn, Zqc-Zr-jvSn, hmIy-knn, Ima-cq-]-[m-c-W, AZr-iy-\m-Im-\p Ignhv CsXms
knn- pw. Abm-fpsS ae-a q-{X-t e-]-\
- m Ccpv
kz-am-Ip-as
- {X. BIm-iK
- a
- \w XpS-nb knn-Ifpw
Dm-Ipw. _pn-am-\mb tbmKn {im-ep-hm-I-Ww.

76. GtX hnLv\m alm-knZvt[x

\c-ta {X _pn-am
\ Zi-tbXv kzkm-ayw bky Ikym
]ntbm-Kn-cmSv
77. bYm aptVm bYm lytm
bYm _[nc Gh hm
XYm htX temIky kzkm-ay
ky Kp]vXtb
78. injym kzkz-Im-tcjp
{]m-bn \ kwibx
XXv I Ic-hy{Kx
kzm`ymtk hnkvartXm `thXv
79. Ahn-kvarXy Kptcm hmIy
a`y-tk Zlmiw
Ghw `thXv lTm-hm
kXm `ymk-tbm-KXx
80. A\-`ym-k-h-X-ssh
hrYm tKmjvTym \ knymXn
Xkva mXv kh-{]-b-tX-\\
tbmK-tah kZm-`y-tkXv
Ch alm-kn-nv hnLv\a
- m-Wv. Adn-hp tbmKn
AXn Xmev]cyw Im-cp-Xv. Ah-bn \nsmw Hgn-pam-dW
- w. Xs Ignhv {]Zin-n--cp-Xv. km[m-c-W-m-cs
apn {`mt\m _[n-ct\m aqIt\m Bbn A`n-\-bnmw. Xs Ign-hp-I tKm]y-ambn shbv-Ww. injym At]-n-mepw hg-msX kZm A`ym-k-n \nc-

743

I \m-bn-cn--Ww. Cs\ \nc--c-amb A`ym-k-m lTmh ssIhcpw A`ym-k-mte CXv ssI hcp-Ib
- pq. {]kwKw sImv Hpw \S-n-. kZm tbmKm-`ymk
\nc-X-\m-hp-I.

81. XXx ]cn-Nb

- m-hm
PmbtX `ymk tbmKXx
hmbpx ]cn-NntXm bXv\m
Zn\m kln IpWvUeo
82. `mh-bnXzm kpjp-av\mbmw
{]hn-ti-Z-\n-tcm-[Xx
hmbp\m kl Nnw N
{]th-in alm-]Yw
83. bky Nnw kz]-h\w kpjpav\mw
{]hn-ti-Znl
`qan cmt]m \tem hmbp
cmIm-itXn ]Ix
84. tbjp ]kp tZhm\mw [mcWm
]-t [m-NytX
]mZmZn Pm\p-]c
- yw
]rYzn ho m\-ap-NytX
85. ]rYnho NXp-c{w N
]oX-hw ehIw
]moth hmbpam im]y
eImtc ka-\znXx
86. [ymbw-X
- q `pPm-Icw
NXph{w lnc-bw
[mc-tbXv ]-LS- nIw
]rYn-ho-P -b-am- ]v\p-bmXv
]noSv A`ym-k-m ]cn-Nbw t\Sm Ign-bp-p.
AXns\ {ianv hmbp klnXw An-tbbpw IpWvU-ensbbpw km[Iw sNbvXv `mh\m ]qhw kpjp-av\b
- n
{]th- i n- -W w. Ahn- Ss \ntcm[w Pbnv hmbp
klnXw alm cY-n {]th-in--Ww. BcpsS Nnw
hmbp klnXw kpjp-av\b
- n {]th-in-p-p. Ah
]rYzn Pew An hmbp BImiw Fo ] alm-`q-X-fm-Ip tZh-msc Ap-hn-[
- n [mcWw sNpp. ]mZw apX app-hscbp `mKs ]rYzo-X-Xz-m\-sap ]d-bp-p. ]rYzn NXp-jvtIm-W-bp-hpw ]oXhhpw eIm-c-bp-h
- p-am-Ip-p. A-s\-bp ]rYzoX-Xz-n hmbp-hns\ Btcm-]nv eIm-c-n AXns\
tbmPn-nv AXn kz-ab
- hpw NXp`p-Pm-Im-chpw
NXpap-J- hp-amb {_s [ym\n--Ww. Cs\ ApL-Sn-Ih
- sc [ym\n-m ]rYzo-XXz hnPbw knn-pw.

87. ]rYn ho tbmKtXm arXyp

\ `th-Zky tbmKn\x
B Pmt\mx ]mbp ]cy-
a]mw m\w {]Ion-Xw.
88. Bt]m N{w ipw N
hm_oPw ]cn-IonXw
hmcptW hmbp-am-tcm]y
hIm-tcW ka-nXw
89. kvatc-m-cm-bWw tZhw
NXp _mlpw Incn-Sn\w
ip kv^SnI kmiw
]oX hmkk aNypXw
90. [mc-tbXv ]-LS- nImx
kh ]mss]x {]ap-NytX
XtXm PemZv `bw \mkvXn
Pte arXyp\ hnZytX

]rYzn-tbm-K-{]-`m-h-m tbmKnv ac-W-ap-m-hn-.

aqSp-ap-X KpZw hsc-bp `mK-n\v Pe-X-Xz-m-\-sav
]d-bp-p. AXv A-N{- m-Im-c-n "hm' F _oPtmSp IqSn- b- Xm-Wv. Cu Pe- X- Xz- n hmbp-hns\ Btcm]nv "h'sb ka-Xz-bnv NXp _mlphpw Inco-S-[m-cnbpw
kv^S-In, km-i\pw ]oXmw-_-c\pw ANyp-X-\p-amb \mcmb-Ws\ [ym\n--Ww. Cs\ Ap \nanjw [ym\nm `K-hm km[-Is\ Fm ]m]--fn \npw ap\m-pw. ]ns Hcp hn[-nepw Abmv Pe-n\np `bw Dm-Ip-n-. Pe-n Abmv acWw
Dm-In-.

91. B]m-tbm lrZ-bmw N hn-m\w

{]IonXw
hn-kv{XotImw cw N tc^m-c kap-{Z-`hw
92. hl\u Nm\n e am tcm]y tc^m-c
kap-Pzew
{Xnb-cw hcZw cp{Zw Xcp-Wm-ZnXz kn`w
93. `kvtam qfnX khmwKw kp{]-k
a\p-kva-c
[mc-tbXv ]-LS- nIm hn\m ku \ ZlytX
94. \ ZlytX icocw N {]hnjvS kym
n aWvUte
B lrZ-bmZv {`pthym ayw hmbp-m\w
{]IonXw
95. hmbpx jSvtIm-WIw IrjvWw bIm-cm-c
`mkpcw
amcpXw acpXmw mt\ bIm-cm--cc `mkpcw

744

I 96. [mc-tb-{X kh-a- o-izcw hniztXm apJw

[mc-tbXv ]-LS- nIm hmbp-hXv
thyma-t Km-`-th-Xv.
ae-Zzmcw apX lrZbw hsc-bp `mK-n\v Anm\w Fp-]-db
- p-p. An {XntIm-W-bp-hpw Nph-\n-da
- p-Xpw tc^-bp-h
- p-am-Ip-p. An-bn hmbphns\ Btcm-]nv cYs ka-\z-bnv {Xnt\-{X\pw ]cZ\pw Xcp-Wm-ZnXy kam-\\pw `kva [qfnX khmw-K\pw
Bb cp{Z\ A\p-kvac
- n-W
- w. Cs\ Ap-LS- nI
[ym\n- m Ah An-b m Zln- -s -S p-I - b n- .
Ip Xobn IqSn \S-mepw Ah Zln-s
- -Sn-.
lrZbw apX ]pcnIw hsc-bp m\-n\v "hmbpm-\-sav ]d-b p-p. AXv jv StIm-Whpw Irjv Whhpw "b' Imc-bp--hp-am-Wv. hmbp \-n bImc-tm-Sp-IqSn hniz-tXm-J\pw kh--\p-amb Cuiz-cs\
[ym\n-W
- w. Cs\ Ap-\n-anjw [ym\n-m hmbphn-s\-tmse BIm-iN
- m-cn-bmbnocmw.

97. acWw \Xp hmtbm `bw `hXn tbmKn\x

B{`p a[ymp aq[m amIm-i
m-\-ap-NytX
98. thyma-hrw N {[qaw N lIm-cm-c `mkpcw
BImti hmbp amtcm]y lImtcm ]cn-i
- cw
99. _np-cq]w alm-tZhw thymam-Imcw kZm-inhw
ip-kv^-SnI kmiw [rX _mtep auen\w
100. ]-h-{-bqXw kuayw Zi _mlpw
{Xntem-N\w
khm-bp-ss[y [rXm-Imcw khm-`q-j-W`q-j nXw
101. Dam[ tZlw hcZw kh-Im-cW ImcWw
BIm-i-[m-cWm Bky tJN-cyXzw
`thXv {[phw
A-s\-bp tbmKnv hmbp-hns\ Aev]hpw `bs-tS--Xn-. hmbp ImcWw Ah acn-n-. ]pcnIw
apX aqmhp hsc-bp `mK-n\v BImiw hr-mIm-chpw [qa-hhpw "l' Imc-m {]Im-in-X-hp-am-W.v
BIm-iX
- X
- z-n hmbphns\ Btcm-]nv hnjvWp cq]n alm tZh\pw thymam-Im-c-n kZm inh\pw ipkv^-Sn-I-Xp-ey\pw \na-e\pw N{-I-em-[-c\pw ]-apJ\pw kuay\pw Zi-_m-lphpw {Xnt\-{X\pw khm-bp-[[m-cnbpw kh-`-c-W-`q-jn-X\pw ]m-Xo-Im-\pw khIm-c-W-pw Imc-W-hp-amb `K-hm inhs\ BIm-in [mcWw sNbvXm Xo-bmbpw BIm-iK
- -a-\-n\p Ignhv ssIh-cp-p.
102. b{X b{X ntXm hym]n kpJ-a-Xy

ai-ptX
Ghw N [mcWmx ]-Ip-cymXv tbmKo
hnN-Wx

103. XtXm ZrU-Vi

- c
- ocx kzmrXyp kvXky
\ hnZytX

{_mWmx {]f-tb-\mln \ko `Xn alm-aXnx

104. kKpWw [ym\ taXXv kymZWn amZn
KpW-{]Zw
\nKpW [ym\ bpky kam-[o
XtXm-`-thXv
A-s\-bm-bm km[-I Fhn-sS- bn-cp- mepw hfsc
kpJ- hm-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Cs\ Ign-hm tbmKn Aphn-[-n [mcWw sN-Ww. Xqew Ahs icocw ZrV-am-Ip ac-W`- bw Dm-Ip-n-. {_-{]-fb
- -n\p
tijhpw Ah ZpxJn-X\
- m-Ip-n-. Bdp \nanjw hsc
Cs\ hmbp-hns\ \nb-{nv BIm-i- n CjvS-knn
\Ip tZh-msc [ym\n--Ww. kKpW cq] [ym\m AWn-amZn KpW-knn; \nKpW [ym\-m kam[nbpw ssIh-cpw.

106. Zn\ ZzmZi tI ss\h kam[nw ka

hm]v\p bmXv
hmbp \ncp[y ta[mhn Poh-ptm `hy-Xbw
107 kam[nx ka-Xm-hm Pohm ]c-am-t\mx
bZn kztZ-la
- pXv krjv-Sn-anm tN ZpXv
krtPXv kzbw
108. ]c-{_Wn eotbX \X-tkym-Xv{Imn
cnjytX
AY t\m tNXv kapXv krjvS kz icocw
{]nbw bZn
109. kh-tem-tIjp hnl-c
- W
- n-amZn KpW \znXx
IZm-NnXv tkzbm tZthm `qXzm kzt
alo-btX
110. a\pjym hm]n btm hm tkzbm
ho-WmXv `thXv
knwtlm hymtLm KtPm hmiy tkzmbm
_lp-Xm-an-bmXv
tbmKw Adn-bp km[-I ]{v Znh-k-pn Xs kam[n ssIh-cnv Poh- p-\
- m-I p-p.
kam[n Pohm--]-c-am-m--fpsS kam-\m-h--bm-Wv.
AXn kzio-c-XymKw sN-W-sa-m-{K-l-ap-s - n
As\ sNmw. C-s \-] -c-a m-m-h n ebn- -h\v
hopw P-an-. icocw {]nb-am-sW-nepw Ah ico-cn Xs nXn-sNbvXv AWn-am-Zn-kn-n-ap-s-n
Ftm thW-sa-nepw kz-n tZh-\p-am-Imw. a\pjyt\m bt\m BIm Ignbpw knwlw, ISph apXem-b-h-bpsS cq]- ssIsIm-m\pw Ign-bp--Xm-Wv.

745

I 111. btY-jvS-tah htX bZzm tbmKo atl-izcx

A`ym-k-t`-ZtXm t`Zmx ^ew Xp ka tah ln
112. ]mjvWow hmaky hmZ-ky-tbm-\n-mt\
\ntbm-P-tbXv
{]kmcy ZnWw ]mZw lkvXm`ymw
[mc-tbXv ZrVw
113. NnpIw lrZn hn\yky ]qc-tb-Zzm-bp-\m-]p\x
Ipw`-tI\ bYm-in [mc-bnXzm Xp tcN-tbXv

]mjvWn `mtK\ kw]oUy tbm\n

amIp--tbXv ZrVw
121. A]m\ aq[z apm]y tbm\n
_tmb apNytX
{]mWm-]m\u \mZ-_np aqe-_-t\
ssNIXmw
122. KXzm tbmKky k know btXm
\m{X kwibx
IcWo hn]-co-XmJym kh-hym[n hn\m-in\n

Cu alm-th-[s kn-tbm-Kn-I kZm A`y-knp-p. C\n tJNco ap{Z \mv apI-fn-temp aSn
I]m-e-Ip-l-c
- n m]n-p. cp ]pcn-I
- -fp-sSbpw
{]km-cn-Xk
- vXp. bx ]mZkvX aq{X
at[y ZrjvSn Dd-n--Ww. Igpv ktm-Nn-nv ZrV-ambn
]cn-\m-a-tbXv
s\n m]n-m ""Pme-c ap{Z-bm-bn. AXn\v arXypam-Xm-K-tI-k-cn-sbpw ]d-bpw. CXn-\m _-amb
115. Ab-tah alm-_ DZ-b-ss{Xh a`y-tkXv
{]mW kpjp- a v\ -b n {]th- i n- p- p. tbmKn-I
alm-_--ntXm tbmKo IrXzm
AXns\ Do-bm\ _w Fv ]d-bp-p. Dqn sImv
]qc-It- a-I[o
tbm\n kv\m\s \-t]mse Aan A]m-\s\ apIfn-tebvv hen--Ww. CXn\v tbm\n _-sav ]d-bp116. hmbp\m KXn amhrXy \nZrXw I-ap-{Zbm
p. Cu hn[n-{]-Imcw {]mW A]m-\ \mZw _np
]pS-Zznbw kam-{Iay hmbpx pn kXzcw
Fn-h-bn aqe-_w aptJ\ GIo-`mhw ssIh-cp-p.
tbmKn-a-tl-izc ]Zw {]m]n-- Xn-\p-tijw C-sm CXv tbmK knn-I-ca
- mWv ASp-p-]d
- b
- p-Xv hn]-coX
hw Ign- bmw. CXv A`ym-k-t`Zw am{Xw ^e- ZrjvSym cpw IcWn F ap{Z-sb--n-bm-Wv. CXv kh-hym[n hn\m-inXpeyw Xs. CSs ]mZ-ns Dq-n-bm tbm\n- \n-bm-Wv.
m-\-a-an hes ]mZw \on AXns s]cp-hn-c
123. \nXy a`-A-bm-k-bp-ky PT-cmn hnhn\o
cpssIsImpw _e-n ]nSn- -Ww. XmSn s\tmSp
Blmtcm _lp-e-kvXky kw]m\y
tNv hmbp Dn\n-dv bYm-in Iw`Iw sNbvXv
km[-Iky NX
tcN-I-m hmbp shfn-bn hnS-Ww. Cu A`ymkw CSXp-`m- K-m sNbvXv he-Xp-`mKw sImpw sNp-I. AXm- 124. Aev]m-lmtc bZn `th-Z
- n tZlw
bXv \on-bn-cn-p Im tbm\n-m-\v m]n--Ww.
ltc XvWmXv
CXv ""alm-_
- -\-amWv'' cp hn[-nepw tbmKn GImA[x intcm-tm[z ]mZx Ww kymXv
{K-ambn I-ap{Z aptJ\ hmbp KXn \ntcm[nv cp
{]Yta Znt\
aqnZzm-c-fpw km-Nn-n-m hmbp-thKw \nd-bpw.

114. hmamw-tK\ ka-`yky Zmw KuXtXm`ytkXv

117. Ab tah alm-th[x kn ssc-`y-ky-tX-

\n-ic
Ax-I]
- m-e-bp-Il
- tc Pnlzmw hymhrX
[mc-tbXv
118. {`qa[y ZrjvSn ct]yjm ap{Zm `hXn tJNco
IWvT-am-IpWvey lrZb m]-tbZv
ZrV-bm-[nbm
119. _tm Pme--cymtWym bw arXyp
amXw-K-tI-kco
_tm tb\ kpjva-\mbmw {]mWm-kvXpo
btX bXx
120. DUym\m tIymln _tm bw tbmKn`nx
kap-Zm-lrXx

125. Wm Inn Z[nI a`y-tkp Znt\ Znt\

heo N ]enXw ssNh jam-km
m--Zr-iytX
126. bma-am{Xw Xp tbm \nXy a`y-tkXv k
Xp Ime-PnXv
ht{Pmfn a`ytk ZykvXp k tbmKo
knn `mP\w
127. e`ytX bZn Xsskyh tbmK-knnx
Itc-nXm
AXo-Xm-\m-KXw thn tJNco N.
`thXv {[phw

\nXyhpw Cu ap{Z km[Iw sNp--hs PT-cmn

hn- pw. AXns ^e- a mbn km[- I \v A[nIw
Blmcw thn hcpw. Aev]m-lmcw XpSm Abm-

746

I fpsS tZlw Xs XI-cpw. Cu ap{Z A`y-kn-p BZyZn-hkw \nan-jt- \cw incv Xmsgbpw ]mZw apI-fn-tempw
shbv-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw Fm Znh-khpw Hmtcm \nanjhpw A`ymkw hn-n-p-sIm-n-cn--Ww. A-s\bm-bm Bdp amkn\p-n Xs ico-c-nse Npfnhp-I amdpw. Xe-ap-Sn-bpsS \ndw Gdpw {]Xn-Zn\w Hcp
bmaw hsc A`y-kn-p--h\v Ime-s\bpw Pbn-m
Ignbpw ASpv ht{Pm-fn-ap{Z A`y-kn-p tbmKn AXnthKw kn-\m-Ip-p. tbmKn Cu A`ymkw sNp
]w tbmK-knn Abm-fpsS ssIbn-em-bn-cn-pw. `qX-`hn-jy-p- Adn-bm Abmv km[n-pw. BIm-iK-a\
- -n\pw Abmv Ign-hp-m-Ipw.

128. Aacow bx ]nt-nXyw \kyw Iph

Znt\-Znt\
ht{Pmfn A`y-k-Xy aa-tcm-foXn IYytX
129. XtXm `th {Zm PtbmtKm \mcm
`hXn {[phw
bZmXp cmP tbmtK\ \njv]m
tbmKn`nx {IoUm
130. XZm hnthI sshcmKyw PmbtX tbmKn
t\m {[phw
hnjvWp\ma alm tbmKo alm `qtXm
alm X]mx

135. {Xtbmb {XnKpWm ntXm

kh-{X-bm-tc
{Xbm-Wm-a-c
- mWmw N tbmZ-[o-tX
]ya-cw

]pcp-tjm--as\ XXz-am km-cnv hnf-pt]mse kv] jv S-ambn ImWm Ignbpw Cu Poh

At\Iw tbm\n-If
- n {`aWw sNbvXp a\p-jy-tbm-\n-bnse- p- p. Hcp ka-bv IpSn kv X \ss
asmcp ka-bv anv B\-a
- S- -bpp GXp tbm\n-bneq-sS-bmtWm P\n-Xv A-s\-bp tbm\n-bn can-pp. Hcp P-n A-bmbn asmcp P-n `mcybm-bn-o-cp-p. `mcym-am-Xm-hm-Ip-p. ]nXmhv ]p{X-\mIpp; ]p{X ]nXm-hm-Ipp Cs\ kwkmc InWnnse Nc-Sp-t]m-se-bmWv Pohn-I `n-tbm-\n-I-fnhpw
t]mbp-an-cn-p-p. aqp- tem-I-fpw aqp thZ-fpw aqp
kwJy-Ifpw aqp kzc-fpw aqv An-Ifpw aqp
KpW- fpw Fmw Xs aqv A-c- -fn \ne
sImp-p. tbmKnv aq--c-fpw A--chpw
A[y-b\w sNt--Xp-v.

136. tXu kh-anZw t{]mXw XXv khw

XXv]cw ]Zw
]pjv]-aty bYm Kx-]tbm at[y
bYm LrXw
137. Xne at[y bYm ssXew
\nXyhpw Aacn IpSn-p-Ibpw AXp aqn \kyw
]mjm-tWjzh Im\w
sNp-Ibpw sNbvXv ht{Pmfn km[Iw sNp--hs\ AalrZn mt\ nXw ]Zvaw Xky-h{
tcmfo km[-I-s\v ]d-bp-p. Ah cmP-tbm-Kn-bm- sW
at[m-apJw
Imcy-n kwi-b-an-. cmP-tbmKw ssIhp Ign-m
tbmKnv lT-tbm-K-ns imco-cn-I-{]-{Inb Bh-iy-an-. 138. Du[z-\m-f-at[m _np kvXky at[y
Ah\v ZrV-ambn hnth-Ihpw sshcm-Kyhpw ssIh-cp-p.
nXw a\x
`K-hm, alm-hn-jvW- X-s-bm-Wv. alm `qX- kz- cq- ]; AXpAImtc tcNnXw ]-ap-Im-tc-ssWh `nZytX
t]mse alm X]-kznbpw
139. aImtc e`tX \mZ-a am{Xm Xp \nem
131. XXz-amt bYm Zot]m ZriytX ]pcp-tjm-ax
ip-kv^-SnI kmiw \njvIfw ]m]-\m-i\w
bxkvX\x ]qh-]oX kvXw \njv]oUy
140. e`tX tbmK bpmm ]pcp-j-kvXXv
apZvaiv\p tX
]cw-]Zw
132. bkvamXv PmtXm `Km-Xv]qhw Xkvan th
Iq kz]mWn ]mZmZn inc-m-\n
`tK-c\p
[mc-tbXv
bm amXm km ]p\ `mcym bm `mcym
14. Ghw ZzmtcjvT kthjvT hmbp ]qcnX tcNnXx
amXtc hln
\njnw Xp \h Zzmtcm Du[zw {]mMv
133. bx]nXm k ]p\x-]pt{Xm bx]p-{Xxk
\niz-kw-kvX Ym
]p\x ]nXm
142. LS-at[y bYm Zot]m \nhmXw Ipw`Iw hnZpx
Ghw kmc Nt{IW Ip] Nt{I LSm Ch
\nj-ss \h`nx Zzmsscx \nPt\ \ncp-]134. {`at tbm\n Pm\n {ipXzm temIm
{Zth \nnXw Xzm-am-t{XWm hinjvSw tbmKka-iv\ptX
tk-ht- bXv CXyp-]\
- n-jv
{Xtbm temIm kv{Xtbm thZm kv{Xn{kx
kI-eXpw AXn Hmcm t{]mX-am-Wv. AXp-Xs
kymx kv{Xb kzcmx
bmWp kXyw; AXp-X-s-bmWv ]c-a-]-Zw. ]qhn aWw

747

I t]msebpw

Fn F-sb-t- ]m-sebpw ]md-bn

kz-sa t]mebpw AXv kI-e-Xnepw hym]n-n-cn-pp. lrZ-b-Ia
- e
- -ns apJw Xmtgmpw AXns \mfw
apI-fn-tem-p-am-Wv. Xmsg _nphpw AXna-\pw nXn
sNp-p. AIm-c
- n tcNIw sN-s Iaew DIm-cn t`Zn--s-Sp-p. aIm-c-n \mZw e`n-p-p.
A-am-{X-\n-e
- hpw ip-kv^-Sn-I
- n-s\m--Xp-am-Wv.
AXv \njvI-f-hpw ]m]-\m-iI
- -hp-am-Wv. Cs\ tbmKbp--\mb ]pcp-j tamw {]m]n-p-p. Ba Xebpw

Ic-N-cW
-
- fpw Dn-tev hen-p-X
- pw-t]mse Fm
Zzmc--fn IqSnbpw \nd-bv-s-h
- mbp \h Zzmc-
_n-s
- -X
- n-\m apI-fn-tev t]mIp-p. Ip`Iw
Fp ]d-bp-Xv IpS-ns a[y-n shbv-s Zo]sa- -t]m-se-bm-Wv. tbmK-km- [-\-bn \h-Zzm- c-fpw \ntcm[n- -s - -X n\ptijw \nP- \ hpw \ncp- ] -{Z- h -h p- a mb
ev Bmhp am{Xw _mn-bm-Ipp Fv D]-\njpI hy-am-p-p.
tbmK-X-tXzm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

3
tbmKc
mt
Pm]
\
nj
v
1
1. tbmK-cmPw {]h-yman
tbmKn\mw tbmK kntb
a{ tbm tKm eb-ssh
cmP-tbm-tKm. lT-kvXYm
2. tbmK--Xp hn[x t{]mtm
tbmKn-`n-kvXzXz Zin`nx
Bk\w {]mW kwtcmt[m
[ym\w ssNh kam-[nPx
3. GX--Xp-jvSbw hnn
kh tbmtK\ kXw
{_ hnjvWp inhm-Zo\mw
a{w Pm]y hnim-cssZx
4. km[ytX a{ tbmKkvXp
hkv Xc
- m-Pm-Z n-`nbYm
IrjvW ssZz]m-b-\m-ssZykvXp
km[ntXm eb-kw-nXx
5. \h-tkzh ln Nt{Ijp
ebw IrXzm alm-`nx
{]Yaw {_-N{Iw kymXv
{Xncm-hrw `Km-IrXn CXn.
1. tbmKn-If
- psS tbmK-kn-n-p-thn tbmK-cm-Ps\
\ncq-]Ww sNmw. Cu tbmKw a{w, ebw, cmPw, lTw

Cs\ \mem-W.v 2. XXz {ZjvSm--fmb tbmKn-I CXv

\mep-{]-Im-c-n-sev ]d-bp-p Bk-\w, {]mW-kw-tcm[w, [ym\w kam-[n. 3. Fm tbmKn-Ipw k-X-am-bnp-Xv Cu tbmK-sav [cn-p-I. {_mhv hnjvWp,
inh Ch-cpsS a{- P]n-t-Xv ChnsS Bh-iyam-Wv. 4. h-cm-P XpS-n-b-h a{-tbmKw kn-amn-bn-p-v. hymk XpS-n-b-h eb-tbmKw kn-am-n.
5. alm-m- \mep-N{- I--fpsS ebw km[nv tbmKknn {]m]n-p. BZys N{Iw `Km-IrXn tN-XmWv
AXns\ {_ N{I-sav ]d-bp-p.

6. A]mt\ aqe ImJyw

Ima-cq]w N XKpx
XtZh hn-IpWvUw kymXv
XXz IpWvU-en\o bYm
7. Xw Poh-cq-]nWw [ymtbXv
tPymXnjvTw apn-tl-Xth
kzm[n-jvTm\w ZznXobw kymXv
N{Iw X-[yKw hnZpx
8. ]-am-`n-apJw enwKw
{]hm-fm-p-k-n`w
Xt{Xm-{Zo-bmW ]otTjp
bym-Xzm-Ij- tb- K
- Xv

748

I 9. XrXobw \m`n-N{Iw kym

t[y Xp PKXv nXw
]m-hm a[y-inw
Nn-tb-Zzn-Zm-IrXnw
10. Xmw [ymXzm kh-kn-o\mw
`mP\w PmbtX _p[x
NXpw lrZbw N{Ip
hntbw XZ-t[m-apJw
6. A]m\ e-n aqe-Iw BWv. AXns\ Ima-cq]-sav ]d-bp-p. AXns\ hn-Ip-WvU-sapw IpWvUen\n Fpw ]d-bm-dp-v. 7. `n-p-thn tPymXn kzcq]-ambn Poh-cp-]s [ym\n--Ww. cm-as N{Iw
kzm[n-jvTm-\a
- mWv AXv \Sp-`m-K
- m-bn-m-Wv. 8. ]n-am`n-ap-Jy-n Hcp enwK-apv AXv {]hm-f
- ns Dn
Ap-c-sa t]mse tim`-Ie
- -Xm-Wv. D{Zo-bmW ]oTn AXns\ [ym\nv {]]- s Xn-te-bvm-Ijn-Ww. 910. aqm-a-tXv \m`n-N{- I-am-Wv. AXn-emWv
kwkmcw \ne- s Im- p- -X v. Ap hfbw tN
ansmSn t]mse tXP- p-I -e a[y-i -nsb
Nnn-W
- w. m\nv AXns\ [ym\nv Fm knnIfpw {]m]n-m Ignbpw \mem-as N{Iw lrZ-b-nemWv AXv apJw Xmtgm-m-Wv.

11. tPymXn cq]w N Xty

lwkw [ymtbXv {]b-Xv\Xx
Xw [ymXtbm PKZv khw
]iyw kmm{X kwibx
12. ]aw IWvT-N{Iw kymXv
t\t{X hmta CUm `thXv
ZntW ]nwKfm tbm
kpjpav\m a[yXx nXm
13. X{X [ymXzm ipNn-tPymXn
kno\mw `mP\w `thXv
jjvTw N Xmc-IN
- {Iw
Ln-Im-m-\-ap- NytX
14. Zi-a-Zzm-ca
- mw XXv
cmP-Zw N XKpx
X{X iqt\y ebw IrXzm
aptm `hXn \nnXw
15. `qN{Iw k]vXamw hnZymXv
_np m\w N XZznZpx
{`pthmat[y hpfw N
[ymXzm tPymXnx {]ap-Ny-tX.

11. {]Imi kzcq-]-amb lwks ({_-w) CXn-\n-S-bn

tin-m-sW- nepw [ym\n--Ww. ]c-{_-[
- ym-\n-bmb
hyn-bpsS hi-n kkm-c-amsI Ds-Sp-sa--Xn
kwi-b-an-. 12. Am-a-tXv IWvT N{I-am-Wv. AXns
CSp `mKv CUbpw he-p-`m-Kv ]nwK-fbpw a[yn kpjp-av\bpw nXn-sN-p-p. 13. Ch-bn ]ca
]hn-{X-amb tPymXn- ns\ [ym\n-p--hv kIe
knnbpw e`n-p-p. Bdm-at- Xv Xmep N{I-am-Wv.
AXns\ Ln-Im-m-\s
- av ]d-bpw. 14 Zi-Zzmc amsap ]d-bp AXn\v cmP-Z
- -sa-mWv t]cv AhnsS
iq\y-n a\-ns\ HXp-n-bm a\p-jy Xobmbpw
ap-\m-p-p.
15. Ggm-at- Xv {`qN-{I-am-Wv. AXns\ _np-shv ]dbp-p. ]pcn-I
- -fpsS a[y-n tKmfm-Im-c-amb tPymXnns\ [ym\nv tbmKn ap-\mbn `hn-p-p.

16. AjvSamw {_-c{w kymXv

]cw \nhmW kqNIw
Xw [ymXzm kqXn-Im-{Kmaw
[qam-Imcw hnap-NytX
17. X Pme-tc tbw
tamZw \oe-tN-Xkw
\haw thyma-N{Iw kymXv
Zfw tjmU-i`- n bpXw
18. kwhnZv {_qbm Xty
in-cpm nXm-]cm
X{X ]q-Kncu ]ntT
inw [ymXzm hnap-NytX
19. GtXjmw \h-N-{Im-Wm
tassIIw [ymbtXm apt\x
kntbm apn-kl
- nXmx
Icmx kypZn-t\-Znt\
20. tb tI ZWvUZ- zbw at[y
]iyn m\ Npjm
IZw-_tKmfmImcw Xw
{_-temIw {hPn tX
21. Du[z-in \n]m-tX\
A[x it\n-Ip-\
- mXv
a[y-in {]t_m-t[\
PmbtX ]caw kpJw
PmbtX ]caw kpJw CXn.
16. Fm-as N{Iw {_-c-{-am-Wv. B [q{a-h-amb
kqXnIm kaqlw [ym\n-p tbmKn-tamw t\Sp-p.

749

I 17. AXv Pec-sav a\-n-em-p-I. AXv \oe-\n-d-apXpw tamw \Ip- -X p-a m-W v. H]Xmw N{Iw
thymabmWv AXn\v ]Xn-\mdv Zf--fp-v. 18. AXns
a[y-ns t] kwhnZv FmWv AXn ]cm-in
AS-p-p. B ]q-amb Kncn-bm ]q insb
[ym\n-p tbmKn-_-\ ap-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
19. Cu H]Xv N{I-- fn Hmtcm- n-s\bpw {ItaW [ym\n-

p ap\nv {ItaW [ym\n-p ap\nv apn-tbmSp

tN knn-I ssI hi-am-Ip-p. 20. m\ N{Ins a[y-n IS-n ]qp-e-t]mse cp ZWvU ImWm Ign-bp--h {_ temI-n-se-p-p.
21. Du[z in-\n-]mXw sImpw A[x-in ktmN\w sImpw a[y-i-n-bpsS {]t_m-[\w sImpw ]ca-amb kpJw e`n-p-sa-X
- n kwi-b-an-.
tbmK-cm-tPm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

cmt[m-]-\n-jv

imn]mTw
Hmw ] q aZ x ] q a nZ w ] q mX v
]qapZNytX ]qky ]qamZmb ]q
tahmhinjytX Hmw imn imnx imnx
B ]c{_w ]qamIpp. Cu PKpw ]qamIpp. ]q {_n \nv Cu ]q PKpmIpp. Cu ]q{_n PKv apgph amnhmepw ]qamb {_w Ahtijnpp.

HmatYm[zw a n\ Ejbx k\ImZym`

Khw lncWyK`ap]mknXzm DuNpx tZhx Ix
]ctam tZhXmx Im hm Xbx Xmkp N Im
hcobkn krjv Sn`qXm N tIXn ktlmhmN:tl
] p {X I mx i r W p tX Z w l h mh K p l y mX v
KplyXa{]Imiyw bkvs sa IkvX zw \ tZbw
kv \ nKv [ mb {_ hmZnt\ Kpcp`mb tZb
a\yYmZpalZhw`oXIrjvW l ssh lcnx
]ctamtZhx jUznss[sscizsscyx ]cn]qtm
`K h m tK m] otK m] tkth y mh r mc m[ ntX m
hrmht\ \n\mb k GIxkthizcx Xky l
s s h tZ z X \ p \ mc mbW m J ne {_ mW vVm[n]XntctIm {]IrtX {]mNot\m \nXyx Ghw
ln Xky i bkv X z t\I[m B mZn\o,
k n\o, mt\m, {InbmZym _lphn[x
ibx XmkzmZn\o hcnb ko ]amcwK`qXm
cm[mIrjvW w kamcm[mbXn ktZXn cm[nIm
KthXn hy] ZniyX CXn tbbw cm[m b

IrjvW x ckm_v[ n tZtlss\x {Io[\m

Zzn[m`qXv
lcn Hmw Hcn DuztcXpIfmb k\ImZn
Ejnam {_mhns\ kvXpXnv tNmZnp. ""`Khms\,
B cm W v ] ca t Z h ? A t l ns i nI
GsXmsbmWv. B inIfn kht{ijv Thpw
krjv Snv ImcWhpamb GsXmcp inbmWv hn
p X v ? {_ m h v ] d p ] p {X m s c, R m
AXnclkyamb B Imcyw \ntfmSv ]dbmw. amtcmSpw
CXp ]dtbXn. Kpcp`\mb {_Nmcnp am{Xta
CXv ]dp sImSpmhq.AXn\p hn]coXambn
A\[nImcnv sImSpp ]w hfsc ]m]apmIpw.
`Khm IrjvW\mWv Ghpw henb tZh. Atlw
Bdp hn[w sFizcymepw ]cn]qW\mWv.tKm]nIfpw
tKm]mcpw Atls tkhnpp. hrbm
Bcm[nX\mb Atlw hrmh\ns A[oizc\mWv.
GIam{X kthizc\pamWtlw. {io \mcmbW\pw
Atlns cq]n kakvX PKpfpsSbpw
k zmanbmWv . {ioIrj v W {]IrXnbn \npw
Apdpffh\mWv. BmZn\o, kn\o, mt\m,
{Inbm XpSn Atln\v At\Iw inIfpv.
Chbn BmZn\o inbmWv {][m\w. Atl
ns Ghpw {]nbsh cm[bmWv. `Kh IrjvW
\pw Ahsf Bcm[npp. cm[nI ""KhbmsWpw
]dbsSmdpv. Fm tKm]nIfpw `Khms alnjnI
fmWv. evanbmWv cm[bmbn ]ndnpffXv. `Khm
kzbw {IoUbvmbn ]e cq] ssIsmp.

750

Gjm ssh ltcx kthizco khhnZym

`ymk k\m\o Irjv W {]mWm[ntZho tNXn
hnapttZhmkvX phn bkymKXnw hpw \
tNmXv ktl k ssh bky {]koZXn Xky
IXemhIenX kIe anXnGXm ahmb bx
Irjv W amcm[bnXp anXn kaqVXa tXn
AYsslXm\n \mam\n KmXn {ipXb
{iocm[ `Khm {ioIrjvWs kthiznbmWv.
Ah IrjvWs kthizcnbmWv. Ah IrjvWs
{]mWm[nI{]nbbmWv. \mep thZfpw cm[sb kvXpXnpp. {_m\nIfmb ap\nIv cm[sb kw_np KoXfdnbmw. BbpjvImew apgph hnhcnmepw Xocm hn[w cm[bpsS KpWKW A]mcamWv. cm[bpsS ktmjn\v ]m{XamIphv ]ca[maw e`npp. cm[sb AhWnv IrjvWs\s
Bcm[nph ]caaqVmcmWv. thZ Cu Imcyw
FSpp]dbppv .

cm[m cmtkizco caym Irjv W m a{m[n

tZhX m khmZ ym khh ym N hr mh\
hnlmcnWo hrm cm[ym cam f tij tKm]o
aWv U e ]qPnXm kXym kXy]cm kXy`mam
{i oI rj vW h `m h nj `m\ p k p X m tK m] o
aqe { ] I r X nc oi zc o K h m c m[ nI m c ay m
c p I v anW o ] c t ai zc o ] c mX v] c X m] q m
]qN{ \n`m\m\m `pn apn {]Zm\nXyw
`h hym[nhn\min\o
cm[, cmtaizco, cay, IrjvW , a{m[ntZhX,
khmZy, kha\y, hrmh\ hnlmcWn, hr, cm[ym,
cam, Atij tKm]o aWvUe ]qPoXm, kXykXy]c,

kXy`ma, {ioIyjvW h`, hrj`m\pkpX, tKm]oaqe

{]IrXn, Cuizco,Kh, cm[nIm, cay, ]ctaizco,
]cmXv]cm, ]qN{\n`m\\, `pnapn{]Zm, \nXy,
`hhym[n, hn\min\n, Ch cm[bpsS hntijWfmWv.

C tX y X m\ n \ mam \ n bx ] t c X v k
Pohptm `hXn CXyml lncWyKt`m `Khm
\nXn kn\o Xp [mb `qjW imk\mZn an{X
`rXym Zncqt]W ]cnWX arXyp temImhXcW
Imte amXr ]nXr cqt]W Nm f kn ZnXyt\Imh
X mc I mc W m\ i nk vX p t {X
incnXn C `qXm ambm kXzcPkv X tam
abo _lncwKm PKXv I mcW `qXm sskhm
hnZymcqt]W Pnh _\`qXm {InbminkvXp
e oe m i nc nX n b C ama p ] \ nj Z a [ otX
tkm{hXo {hXo`hXn k hmbp]qtXm `hXn cm[m
Irjv W {]ntbm `hXn k bmhp ]mXw
]wo ]p\mXn Hmw XXv kXv
Cu \ma sNmph Pohpmcmbn
`hnpp. {_mhv Cu Imcyw FSpp]dbppv.
cm[bpsS kn\oin, hkXn, B`cW, i,
Bk\w, XpSnbhbpw an{X tkhImZne_v[ npw
{]tbmP\sSpXmWv. kXzcPkvX tamKpWmIbmb
tZlPKn\v ImcW`qXbmIpp. ambbmWv Ahn
ZybpsS cq]n Pohs\ _\n s]SppXv.
`Khms {Inbmin XsbmWv eoem in. Cu
D]\njp hmbnp {hXlo\\pw {hX]q\mbn
ocpp. Ah hmbphns\mw ]cnip\mIpp.
At As ]cnip\mbn Ah KWnsSpp.
Ahs ZrjvSn ]XnbpnSsamw ]cnipamIpp.
cmt[m]\njv kam]np.

Q
3
cp{Zl
rZ
t
bm]
\
nj
v
1
imn- ]mTw
Hmw kl-\m-h-h-Xp. kl-s\u `p\p klhocyw Ic-hm-h-ssl. tXP-kzn-\m-h-[o-X-a-kvXp. am
hnZzn-jm-hssl Hmw imnx imnx imnx

]c-{_w R cp-t]-scbpw Hcp-anv cn-tW. R cp-t]-scbpw Hcp-anv ]cn-]m-en--tW.

R cp-t]cpw Hcp- anv Ign-hp- I hfp-am- dm- ItW.
R ]c-k]
v cw hntZzjw Ie-cm-Xn-cn--tW. Hmw imnx
imnx imnx

751

I 1. lcn Hmw

2.

3.

4.

5.

lrZbw Ipeo `kva

cp{Zm KW Zi\w
Xmc-kmcw alm-hmIyw
]-{_-mn tlm{XIw
{]Way inckm ]mZu
iptIm hymk-ap-hmN l
tIm tZhx kh-tZ-thjp
Ikvan tZhm khix
Iky ip{iq-j-Wm-nXyw
{]oXm tZhm `hn ta
Xky XZz-N\w {ipXzm
{]Xyp-hmN ]nXm ipIw
k0h-tZ-hm-tIm cp{Zx
kth tZhm inhm-Ix
cp{Zky ZntW ]mtiz
chn{_m {Xtbm bx
hma-]mtiz Dam tZho
hnjvWpx tkm tam f ]n tX {Xbx
bm Dam km kzbw hnjvWp
tbm hnjvWpx kx ln N{ax
6b tb \a-kyn tKmhnw
tX \a-kyn iIcw
tb f bn lcnw `ym
tX f bn hrj-[zPw

cp{Z-lr-Z-b-n {]W-h-ns aqe-XXzw {]Xn-]m-Znp-p. tbmK Ip-en-\n, `kva Pm_m-ew, cp{Zm Pm_mew, KW-]Xn Fo D]-\n-j-p-Ifpw Cu hnjbw {]Xn]m-Zn-p--h\
- -bm-W.v

7. tb Zznjn hncq-]mw

tX Zznjn P\m\w
tb cp{Zw \m`n-Pm-\n
tX \ Pm\n tIihw
8. cp{ZmXv {]htX _oPw
_oP-tbm-\nP-\m\x
tbm cp{Zx k kzbw {_m
tbm {_m k lpXm-i\x
9. {_ hnjvWp-atbm cp{Z
An-tjm-am-Iw PKXv
]pnwKw kh-ao-im\w
kv{XoewKw `K-h-Xypam
10. Dam-cp-{Zm-nImxkhmx
{]Pmx mhc PwKamx
hyw kh-ap-a m-c q]
ahyw Xp atl-izcw
11. Dam i-c-tbmtKm bx
k tbmtKm hnjvWp cpNytX
bkvXp Xkvssa \a-kvImcw
IpcymZv `n-ka
- -\znXx
inhs\ tZzjn-p--h hnjvWp-hn-s\bpw tZzjn-pp. inhs\ a\-n-em-m--h hnjvWp-hns\ a\-n-emp-n-. Fs- m ihns Xs- bmWv kIe Pohn-Ifp-sSbpw krn-Im-hv. hnjvWp _oP-cq-]- hp-am-Wv. Antkm-am--I-amb hnizhpw cp{Z Xs.- kr-n-bn ]pnwK-cq-]-n- ep kh-{]m-Wn-Ifpw cp{Z\pw kv{Xoenw- Km-I-amb kh {]mWn-Ifpw Da-bp-am-Ip-p. Cs\ mhc-Pw- K-a-cq-]-n- ep kI-e-kr-nbpw cp{Z\pw Da-bp-am-Ipp. Ahy {]]w cp{Z-sbpw hy-{]-]w Da-bpsS-Xp-am-W.v Dam-a-tl-iz-c-mcpsS kwtbm-K-am-Wv hnjvWp.
hnjvWp-hns\ \a-kvIc
- n-p--h `ntbmsS ]c-{_-tmSv tNcp-p.

Hcn- ipI-tZ-h Xs ]nXmhpw alm m\n-bpamb hymks ]mZ- -fn inc- nv ]dp: GXp tZh\mWv Fm tZh-m-cnepw hkn-pv? GXp tZh-\n-emWv
kI-eXpw hkn-p-Xv? GXp tZh\w D]m-kn-m-emWv
Fm tZh-mcpw Fn {]k--cm-Ip-Xv? Cu tNmZyw
12. Bm\w ]cam m\
tIv XXz-m-\n- bmb hymk ]dp: `K-hm cp{Z- \n
a-cm-m\ tah N
kI-e-tZ-h-mcpw hkn-p-p. At-l-ns he-p-`mmXzm {Xnhn-[-am-m\w
Kv kqcy\pw {_hpw Kml-]-Xyw, Zn-Ww, Al-h\obw Fo aqv An-Ifpw hkn-p-p. CS-Xp-h-iv
]c-a m- m-\-am-{i-tbXv
Dabpw hnjvWphpw N{\pw nX sNp-p. Cu aqp
13. A-cmm `thXv {_m
t]cnepw Xn bmsXmcp hyXym-khpw C. Fs- m
]c-amm atl-izcx
Da Xs-bmWv `K-hm hnjvWp. hnjvWp Xs-bmWv
tkma. tKmhn-s\ \a- kI
v - cn-p--h in-sbbpw \akth-jm-tah `qXm\mw
kvI-cn-p-p. hnjvWp-hns\ ]qPn-p ` hrj-[z-PhnjvWp-cmm k\m-X\x
\mb i-c-s\-s ]qPn-p-p.

752

I 14. Aky

ss{Xtem-Iy-hr-ky
`qau hnS-]-im-Jn\x
A{Kw a[yw XYm aqew
hnjvWp {_ atl-izcmx
15. Imcyw hnjvWpx {Inbm {_m
ImcWw Xp atl-izcx
{]tbm-P-\mw cpt{ZW
aqn-tcIm {Xn[m IrXm
16. [tm cpt{Zm PK-ZznjvWpx
kh-m\w ]nXm-alx
{iocp{Z cp{Z cpt{ZXn
bkvXw {_qbmZv hnN-Wx
Io-\ mXv kh-tZ-hky
kh-] mss]x {]ap-NytX

21. cpt{Zm thZ Dam imkv{Xw

Xkvssa Xssky \tam \ax
cpt{Zm hr Dam ho
Xkvssa Xssky \tam \ax
22. cpt{Zm KxDam ]pjv]w
Xkvssa Xssky \tam \ax
cpt{Zmx Acx tkma
Xkvssa Xssky \tam \ax
23. cpt{Zm enwK-apam ]oTw Xkvssa Xssky
\tam \ax
24. kh-tZ-hm-Iw cp{Zw
\a-k vIp-cymXv ]rYIv
]rYIv G`n a{-]-ssZ-tch
\a-k ym-ao-i-] mhXow
25. b{X b{X `thXv km[
kIe Pohn-If
- p-sSbpw Bmhv hnjvWphpw Aanaw a{-ap-Zo-c-tbXv
cm-mhv {_mhpw ]c-am-mhv cp{Z-\p-am-Ip-p. ss{Xtem{_lm Pe-a-t[yXp kh ]mss]x {]ap-NytX
Iy-am-Ip hr- ns sImp-I ]rYzn-bn hym]n-ncn- p- p. AXns A{Kw hnjvW phpw {Iobm-c q]w
{_mhpw aqe-`mKw cp{Z\pw Imcy-cq]w hnjvWp-hp-am-Ipp. {Inbm-c q]w {_hpw Imc-W-cq]w cp{Z-\p-am-W v.
Cs\ `K-hm cp{Z Xs- bmWv {]tbm-P-\-a-\p-k-cnv
Xs aqp cq]- kzoI-cn-n-p--Xv. {]]w hnjvWpcq-]hpw m\w {_-cq-]hpw [w cp{Z-cq-]-hp-am-Ip-p.
m\n cp{Zs \maw P]n-p-p. AXns ^e-ambn
Ah kIe tZh-m-cp-sSbpw \maw P]n-p--Xn-sbpw
^e-a-\p-`-hnv ]m]-ap--\mbn `hn-p-p.

17. cpt{Zm \c Dam \mco

Xkvssa Xssky-\tam \ax
cpt{Zm {_m Dam hmWo
Xkvssa Xssky \tam \ax
18. cpt{Zm hnjvWp-cp-am-e
- ao
Xkvssa Xssky \tam \ax
cp{Zx kqcyx Dam Ombm Xkvssa Xssky
\tam \ax
19. cp{Z-tkm-a-D-am-Xmc
Xkvssa Xssky \tam \ax
cpt{Zm Znhm Dam cm{Xnx
Xkvssa Xssky \tam \ax
20. cpt{Zm-b Dam thZn
Xkvssa Xssky \tam \ax
cpt{Zm hn-cpam kzmlm
Xkvssa Xssky \tam \ax

cp{Z \c\pw Da \mcn-bp-am-Ip-p. tZh\pw tZhnpw

\a-kvIm-cw. cp{Z {_mhpw Da #mWn-bp-am-Ip- p. tZh\pw
tZhnpw \a-kvIm-cw. cp{Z hnjvWphpw Da evan-bpam-Ip-p. cp-t]pw \a- kvIm-cw. cp{Z kqcy\pw Da
Omb-bp-am-Ip- p. cp-t]pa \a-k vI m-cw. cp{Z
tkma\pw Da Xmc-bp-am-Ip-p. cp-t]pw \a-kvIm-cw.
cp{Z ]Iepw Da cm{Xn- bp-am-Ip. cp-t]pw \a- kI
v mcw. cp{Z bhpw Da thZn-bp-am-Ipp. cp-t]pw
\a- k vI m- c w.cp{Z hn-b pw Da kzml-b p-a m-I p- p.
Ahv \a-kvIm-cw. cp{Z thZhpw Da imkv{X-hp-amIpp; cp-t]pw \a-kvIm-cw. cp{Z Khpw Da
]pjv] -h p-a m-Ip-p. cp-t]pw \a-k vIm-cw. cp{Z
Ahpw Da A-hp-am-Ip-p. Ahv \a-kvIm-cw.
cp{Z enwK- hpw Da ]oT-hp-am-Ipp. cp-t]pw \a- kI
v mcw. kh-tZ-hm--I-\mb cp{Zs\ {]tXyIw \a-kI
v c
- n-pI. Rm a{-m Dam atl-iz-c-msc \a-kI
v -cn-psImn-cn-p-p. FhnsS GXp \ne-bn Ign-mepw kZm
Cu a{w P]n-p-sIm-n-cn--Ww. Pe-n Ignv Cu
a{w P]n-m {_-l-Xym-m-c\pw ]m]-a-hn-ap-- \m-Ipw.

26. khm-[n-jm-Tm-\-a-Zzzw
]cw {_ k\m-X\w
kn Zm\--cq]w X
Zhm-Mv am-\ -k-tKm-N cw
27. Xkvan kphn-ZntX khw
hnm\w kymZnZw ipI
XZm--I-XzmXv khky
XkvamZv `nw \ln IzNnXv

753

I 28. tZz hntZy thZ-Xthy ln

]cm ssNhmN cm N tX

hn\mtim ss\h IWm

X{Xm-]-cmXp hnss`yjm

t{im{Xnbw {_-\njvTw kZv

EtKztZm bPp-tch N

Kpcpw Kt-Zy-Ym-hn[n

29. kma-t h-Z-kvXY

- m-Y -h

ZZymZv {_m t_m[n\ow

Ievt]m hymI-cWw ssNh

Kplm-bmw-\n-lnXw kmm
Zcw thZ tNcx

30. tPymXnjw N bYm \m

37. OnXzm hnZym-a-lm-{Knw

hnjbm A]n _pbx

inhw KtXv k\m-X\w

AssYh ]cam hnZym

XtZ-X-Z-arXw kXyw

bbmm ]c-am--ca

XZv t_mhyw apap-p`nx

31. b-Z-t{Zm-iy-a-{Kmly

38. [\p-kvXmcw itcm-lymm

atKm{Xw cq]-h PnXw

{_ Xy apNytX

ANpx t{im{X-a-Xyw

A{]-a-t\ thhyw
ic-h--tbm `thXv

XZ-]mWn ]Zw XYm

32. \nXyw hn`pw kh-KXw kpkqvaw NX-Zhybw XZv`q-X-tbm\nw ]iyn [ocm Bm-\-am\n
k\m-X-\phw khm-[n-jvT-\hpw at\m-hm-K-Xo-Xhpw
kn-Zm-\ kzcq-]-hp-amb ]c-{_-s \ t]mse Adnbp-- h kq cl-kyhpw Adn--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
Fs- m B ]c-{_--n \np `n-am-b-sm-p-an. CsXmw AXns cq]w Xs. ]cm Fp A]c Fp
cp hnZy-If
- p-v. Ev, bPp-v, kmaw. AYhw Fo
\mep thZ-fpw in, Iev]w, O-,v hymI-c-Ww, \ncpw, tPymXnjw Fo Bdp imkv{X-fpw A]-cm-hn-Zybm-Wv. CXn B-hnjba- m asm _unI
m\hpw tNn-p-v. B-m\w ]cm-hn-Zy-bm-emWv
e`n-p--Xv. AXmWv A\-iz-c-amb ]c-a-X-Xzw. AXv AZriyhpw A{Km-ly-hp- am- Wv. AXn\v \matam cq]tam tKm{Xtam
C. Ic-Nc
- -W--fn- . AXv hnj-bm-Xo-X-am-Wv. \nhn-Im-cam-Wv. kh-n-sbpw B{i-b
m-\-am-Wv. m\n B
]c-am-m-hns\ Bm-hn Zin-p-p.

33. bx khx kh-hntZym

bky m\-abw X]x
Xkvam-Z-{Xm--cq-t]W PmbtX PK-Zm-henx
34. kXy-h-mXn Xhw
cp-k-hZm nXw
XtZ-X-Z-cw kXyw
XZzn-mb hnap-NytX

36. Kpcp-kvXkvssa ]cmw hnZymw

thZx inm ap\o-izc

\ncpw O Gh N

35. mt\-ss\h lo kwkmc

39. eyw kh-KXw ssNh

icmx kh-KtXm apJx
thm-k h- K-X-s sh
inh-eyw \ kwibx
t`mr cq]-nepw ap hn[-n-ep-ap hnizw {]IS-am-Ip-Xv {_-n \np-am-Wv. B {_w khhpw kIe hnZy-I-fp-sSbpw B{i-b-m-\-hp-am-Ip-p.
AXns X]v m\w Xs. kXy- sap tXmn- n-p
Cu hnizw Ib-dnse k {]XoXn t]mse {_-n
nXn sNpp hnizw Ak-Xy-am-Wv. {_w Ahn-\minbpw kXy-hp-am-Wv. CX-dn-bp hyn tamw {]m]npp. I- m {]]--]miw tOZn- -s- Sn- . m\w
sImp am{Xta AXv km[n-q. AXn-\m apapp {_\n-jT
v \pw t{im{Xn-b-\p-amb Kpcp-hns\ iWw {]m]n--Ww.
Kpcp Ah\v Bmhpw ]c-am-mhpw Hm-sW m\w
\Ip ]cm hnZy ]Tn-n-Ww. Kplm-\n-ln-Xhpw Ahn\m-in-bpam {_s kmm-XvI-cn-p hyn-bpsS
Ahn-Zy-bm-I p _\w tOZn--s-Sp-p. AtXmsS
]pcmW ]pcp-j-\mb inhs kmao]yw e`n-p-p. AarXm-- Ia
- mb Cu kXyw apap-p--fmb km[-I-m Adnn-cvI-Ww. {_-am-Ip ey-n\v {]Whpw hnpw
Bmhv Ap-am-Ip-p. AXns\ tOZn-m Bekyw
shSn-bW
- w. {_-n eyw t`Zn-p-hm _mWw
{Inbm-\n-cX
- -am-bn-cn-p-Xp t]mse apgp-I-Ww. {_-amIp eyw kh-l-X-amWv Bmhv kh-tXm-ap-J-amWv
km[-I kh-K-X-\m-bm inh-\m-Ip eyw kwi-bte-i-sat\y {]m]n-mw.

754

I 40. \ X{X N{-hhpx {]Im-itX

\ hmn hmXm kIem tZh-Xm
k Gj tZhx IrX-`m-h-`qXx
kzbw hniptm hncPx {]Im-itX
AhnsS N{-s bpw kqcy-s bpw {]Im-i -a n;
AhnsS Im-Sn-p-n-. hmbp-hnt\m A\y-tZ-h
- mtm
Fm Ign-bp-n-. A-s\-bp ]c-am-mhv Xs
\n-ehpw \nKp-W-hp-amb cq]-n {]Im-in-p-p.

41. Zzu kp]u ico-tc-kvan

Poth-imJyu kl nXu
XtbmPnhx ^ew `qMvt
ItWm \ atl-iz-I.
42. tIhew kmn-cq-t]W
hn\m-t`mKw atl-izI
{]Im-itX kzbw t`Zx
Iev]ntXm ambbm Xtbmx
43. LSm-Im-i-a-Sm-Imiu
bYm-I m-i -{]-t`-ZXx
Iev]nXu ]cau Poh
inh-cp-t]W Iev]nXu
44. Xz-X inhx kmm
nn-h kzXx kZm
Nnn-Zm-Im-ctXm `nm
\`n-m, Nnz lm\nXx
45. NnX-n--Nn-Zm-Im-cm
`nZytX PU-cq-]Xx `nZytX tNtUm t`Z
ntZIm khZm Jep
46. X-X {]am-Wm
NntZ-I-X z-hy-h- ntXx
NntZ-I-Xz-]- cn- mt\
\ timNXn \ aplyXn
47. AssZzXw ]c-am-\x
inhw bmXn Xp tIhew
48. A[n-jvTm\w ka-kvXky
PKXx kXy NnXv L\w
Al-a-kvaoXn \nnXy
hoX-timtIm `th-p\nx
Bmhpw ]c-am-m-hpw-am-Ip cp ]n-I Cu

ico-c- am- Ip hr-n hkn-p-p. Poh-\m-Ip ]n

I-am-Ip ^ew `n-p-p. Fm ]c-am-m-hmIp ]n AXnse I-^-em-\p-`-hs kmo-cq-]n t\mn-sm-n-cn-p--tX-bp-p. amb-bpsS insIm-mWv B-] -c -am t`Z-k-ev]w `hn-p- -X v.
bYm-n Nn-b-amb Poh kmm ]c-am- mhp
Xs. Poh-\nepw Cuiz-c-\nepw Nn{Zq-t]m-]m-[nsb kw_n BIm-c-t`Zw sImmWv Cu t`Zw ]cn-e-n-X-am-IpXv bYm-n Ah Xn t`Z-an-. t`Z-ap-s-n
cn-sbpw Nnz-cq]w \jvSvam-Ipw. PU-am-Ip D]m-[nbm-emWv Nnn \npw Nnn\v t`Z-ap-sp k-ev]ap-m-Ip--Xv. AXn\v NnZm-Im-c-X-bn \nv t`Z-an-. t`ZZrn PU-n \nm-Wp-m-Ip--Xv. NnXvL-\-kz-cq-]-amb
]c-am-mhv kI-e-hn-i-hvn\p B{i-b-am-W.v ]c-am-hm
Rm Xs- bm- W.v F Nnm-K-Xn-bn ap\n-am hoX- timI-m-cm-bn- o-cp-p.

49. kzi-cotc kzbw tPymXnx

kzcq]w khw kmoWw
oW-tZmjmx {]h-iyn
t\Xtc ambbm hrXm
50. Ghw cq]-]-cn-m\
bkymkvXn ]c-tbm-Kn\x
Ip{X-NnZv Ka\w \mkvXn
Xky ]q-k z-c q-]nWx
51. BIm-i-taIw kqw
Ip{X-Nn-ssh KXn
XZzXv kzm ]cn-m\o
Ip{X-Nn-ssh KXn
52. k tbm l ssh XXv ]caw {_ tbm t#Z
ssh ap\nx {_ssh `hXn kzx kn-Zm-\
amXrIx CXyp-]-\n-j -v.
tZmj-hn-ap--cmb a\p-jyv am{Xta kh-kmnbpw kzbw tPymXn-kz-cq-]-amb ]c-am-m-hns\ kmmXvIc
- n-m km[n-p-I-bp-q. ambm Pme-I-n-eI
- -s
Poh\p AXns\ ImWm km[y-a-. Cu hn[-ap Bkz-c q-]-m\w t\Snb kn-mcpw ]cn-]q-cp-amb
hyn-I Hcn-Spw t]mIp-n-. hcp-p-an-. ]cn-]qamb BImiw Hcn-Spw t]mIp-n--tm. AXp-t]mse
B-X-Xz-a-dn-bp alm-mhpw Hcn- Spw t]mIpn-. ]c{_-s Adn hyn kn-Zm-\-c
- q-]vX-Xn \nesImv kzbw ]c-{_--ambn hn- p-p.
cp{Z-lr-Z-tbm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

Q
N

755

1cp{Zm-Pm-_m-tem-]-\n-jv
imn- ] mTw
Hmw B]ym-bp aamw-Km-\n-hmIv {]Wm-px
t{im{X-atYm _e-an-{n-bmWn N khmWn khw
{_tm-]-\n-j Zw amlw {_-\n-c m-Ipcyw am am
{_ \ncm-It- cmZ \ncm-Ic
- W akvXz-\n-cm-Ic
- Ww
ta Akv X p XZm- \n \nctXb D]- \ n- j p
[mkvtX abn kptX abn kp. Hmw imnx
imnx imnx
Fs AwK- ]cn-] pjvSn {]m]n- -s. hmv
{]mW, t\{Xw, t{im{Xw Fn-hbpw inbpw C{n-bfpw ]cn-]p-jvS-am-I-s. CXv D]-\n-j-Zp--amb {_-amWv. Rm CXns\ \ncm-Ic
- n-p-n-. {_w Fs ]cnXy-Pn-m-Xn-cn-s
- . F\npw B {_-n\pw Xn
At`-Zy-amb _w Dm-I-s. {_-\n-c-X-\mb Fn
D]-\n-jZ- p---fmb [- nXn sN-s. Hmw
imnx imnx imnx

1. AY ssl\w Imem-n-cp{Zw `qkpWvUx ]{]-IYw cp{Zm-tm-Xv]nx Xm-cW

- mXv Inw ^e-anXn.
]ns `qkp-WvU Imem-n-cp-{Z-t\mSv tNmZnp:
"cp{Zm--ns DXv]-n-sb--nbpw AXv [cn-p-X
- psIm-p ^e-s-
- nbpw ]dp Xm-epw.'

2. Xwtlm hmN `K-hm Iem-n-cp{Zx {Xn]p-c -h[m-alw \nao-en-Xm-tm-`-hw. tXt`ym Pe-_nthm `qau-]X
- n-XmkvtX cp{Zm-mx-ZP
- mXmx khm\p-{K-lm-amb tXjmw \mtam-m-cW amt{XW
ZitKm {]Zm-\-^ew Zi\ kv]i-\m-`yw. ZznKpWw
^e-aX Du[zw hpw \ iIvt\man;

K
3

CtX-n tmI--fp-v. AXv FhnsS nXn-sN-pp. FmWv t]cv? F-s\-bp a\p-jy-cmWv CXv [cnp-Xv? Ah F{X-hn-[-ap-v. GsXmw a{--fm
Fs\ [cn--s-Sp-p.

4. Znhy-hj kl-{kmWn Np-cp-o-eoXw abm

`qam-]
- n-]p-Sm-`ywXp ]\nXm Pe_nhx
5. X{Xm{ip _nthm PmXmx alm
cp{Zm hrImx
mh-cXz a\p {]m]y-`
- m-\p-{K-l-Im-cW
- mXv
6. `m\mw [mc-WmXv ]m]w Znhm-cm{Xn IrXw
ltcXv ew Xp Zi-\mXv ]pWyw
tImSnkX-m-c-Wm-`z-thXv
Xky tImSn iXw ]pWym e`-tX-[m-cW-cx e
tImSn kl-{kmWn e-tImSn iXm\n N
Bbncw Znhy-kw-h--c-p tijw Rm IpI Xpd-p. Atm Ip-If
- n \nv `qan-bn ]Xn
Pe-p-n-I alm-cp-{Zm---fmbnop. `-mcpsS A\p-{K-l-n\v AXv mh-c-ambn `hn-p. cp{Zmw
[cn-m `-m-cpsS cm{Xn-bnepw ]Iepw sNbvX ]m] \kn-p-p. Im ew ]pWyw; [cn-m \qdptImSn ]pWyw; cp{Zmw [cn-p-sImp P]n-m a\pjyv tImSm-\p-tImSn ]pWyw t\Sm Ign-bp-p.

8. Xvhm-`- tX ]pWym \tcm cp{Zm-[

- m-c-WmXv
[m{Xn-^e
- -{]-amWw bXv t{ijvT taX
ZpZm lrXw.
9. _Z-co-^-e-am{Xw Xp a[yaw t{]mNyptX _pss[x
At-l-tmSv `K-hm Imem-n-cp-{Z ]dp:
A[a NW-am{Xw kymXv {]In-ssbjm
"Rm {Xn]p-cm-kp-c-msc h[n-p--Xn\v kam-[n--\mbn
atbm NytX.

Ip-I-f-S-p. Atm In \np Pe-_n-p- `qanbn ]Xn-p. Ah-cp-{Zm---fmbn Xop. khm-\p-{Klmw Rm ]d-bpp Ah-bpsS \mtam-m-c-W-am-{Xbn Xs ]p ]ip-sf Zm\w sNp ^ehpw
Zi-\-kv]i-\m-Zn-I-fm AXns Ccn ^ehpw e`n-pp. CXn IqSp-Xsempw F\nv ]d-bm-\n-.

cp{Zmw sImp P]n-m AXv [cn- m-ep

]pWyw e`n-pw. s\nm {]am-Wa
- p cp{Zm--amWv
t{ijvTw. e-m-bv Xpey-am-bXv a[y-a-sapw IS-ebv-sm-Xpw A[a-sapw ]d-bp-p. C\n AXns
{]{In-b-sb-n ]d-bmw.

3. Xss{XtX tmImx `hn Ikvanw

nXw Xp Inw
\ma IYw hm [mcytX \sscx
IXn-t`-Z-ap-Jm-\y{X ssIa-ss{ [mcytX IYw

10. {_mWmx {Xnbmx sshiymx

iq{Zm-tXn inhm-bm
hrYm PmXm {]Ynhymw Xp Xm-Xobmx
ip`m-Imx

756

I 11. tizXmkvXp {_mWm tbmx

{Xn-b-c--h Imx
sshiym hnmbmx IrjvWm ip`m
DZm-lrXmx
]c-ai
- n-hs BPvR-bm B awK-fI
- -ca
- mb cp{Zm-n \nv {_m-W, {Xn-b, sshiy, iq{Z
Fo \mep PmXn-bns] hr- Dm-bn. shfp
cp{Zm-s {_m-W-s\pw Nph-X
- ns\ {Xn-bs\pw asb sshiy-s\pw Idp-Xv iq{Z-s\pw
]d-bp- p.

12. {_mtWm _n`r-bmXv tizXm cm

cmPm Xp [mc-tbXv
]oXm sshiykvXp _nZy-bmXv
IrjvWm iq{ZkvXp [mc-tbXv
13. kamx kv\nKv[m ZrVmx qemx
IssI kwbpXmx ip`mx
Iran ZjvSw `n-`nw I
ssIlo-\-tah N
14. {hW-bp--a-bpw N jUv cp{Zmm
hnhP-tbXv
kzb tah IrXw Zzmcw cp{Zmw
kymZn-tlm-aw
Dcpv kv\nKv[hpw _e-ap-Xpw kvYqehpw appXpw ip`-sav Icp-Xs
- -Sp-p. IoS- ISn-Xv On`n-w, apn-m-Xv {hW-amXv ka-a-m-Xv Ch
hn--Ww. kzbw Zzmc-ap-Xv D-aa
- m-Wv.

15. bp ]ucp-j-b-tXm\ IrXw X [yaw `thXv

kam kv\nKv[m ZrVm qem
ua kqt{XW [mc-tbXv
16. kh-Kt- {XW kutay\ kmam-\ym\n
hnN-Wx
\nItj tlatcJm`m Nky tcJm {]Zr-iy-tX.
17. XZ-a
- p-aw hnZymXv XZv [mcyw inh-]q-ssIx
inJm-bm-ta-Ic
- p-{Zmw {XniXw
inckm htlXv
]pcp-j-{]-b-Xv\ -m Zzmc-ap-m--h a[y-aw.
kv\nKv[-Zr-V-q-e --fmb cp{Zm--sf ]p-\q-en
tImv [cn--Ww. Ah kuay-kp-c kam-\K
- pWw
tN-hb
- m-I-Ww. NmW-bn-ep-c-m kz-tc-J-t]m-en-cnp-Xv D-aw. inh-`--m AXmWv [cn-t--Xv.
inJ-bn Hv, Xe-bn ame-t]mse \qen tImv
ap-sXw [cn-p-I.

18. jvSv{XnwiXw Ktf Z[ymXv _mtlmx

tjmUi tjmUi
aWn-_t ZzmZ-ssih kvIt
]-iXw htlXv

19. AjvtSm--ci
- s
- sXamem ap]-hoXw ]c-Iev]
tbXv {Xnkcw {Xnkcw hm]n kmcmWw
]Iw XYmx
20. kcmWmw k]vXIw hm]n-_n-`r-bmXv
IcWw tZiXx
aIptS IpWvUte ssNh IWnIm
lmctI]n hm

Igp-n 36, Ccp `pP-fnepw 16 hoXw, aWn-_-n 12, tXmfn 15 Cu hn[w cp{Zmw [cn-W
- w.
108 cp{Zm-- sImp ame-bp-mn ]qWqt]mse
[cn--Ww. ctm aqtm Atm Gtgm In-I IWvTn [cn-pI. IncoSw IpWvUew ISp- Fo cq]nepw [cn-mw.

21. tIbqc IStI kq{X Ipn _t hnti-jXx

kp]vtX ]otX kZm-Imew cp{Zmw
[mctb cx
22. {XniXw Xz[aw ]-iXw a[y-a-ap-NytX kl
{kap-aw t{]m-tahw t`tZ\ [mc-tbXv
\qen tIm ame tIbqc IS-I
- nepw Acbnepw [cn--Ww. Dd-p-tmgpw DWn-cn-p-tmgpw
[cn--Ww. apqdv [cn-p-Xv A[ax Aqdv a[yaw;
Bbncw Daw Cu \ne-bn cp{Zm-- [cn-p-I.

23. ic-ko-im\ at{W IWvtT XXv

]pcp-tj-W Xp
AtLm-tcW Ktf [mcyw tXss\h
lrZtbm ]nhm
inc-n ""Cuim\x kh hnZym\mw'' F a{w
sImv; IWvT-n XXv]p-cp-jmb hnZvat- l...' FXpsImv Igp- n AtLm- tct`ymw F-Xp- sImv Cs\
IWvT-nepw s\nepw cp{Zmw [cn-p-I.

24. AtLmc _oP-a-t{W Ic-tbm

[m-c-tbXv kp[o
]m-i-Z-{- KYn Xm thyma
hym]yhn tNmZtc
25. ] {_-`ncw ssK {Xnamem
]-k]vX Nn
{KYnXzm aqe-a-t{W khmWy
mWn [mc-tb-Xv.
hnZzm-m cp ssII-fnepw AtLm-c-_o-P-a{w
sImv cp{Zmw cp ssII-fnepw [cn-p-Ibpw cp{Zm-a-y- nse Zzmc-n A apX hscbp Ac-sf FgpXn \a-n-hmb F ]m-c a{w A`n-a{nv {]mW-{]-Xn-jvTm-Zn-I sNbvXv aqe-a-{-tm-Ssb
aqtm Atm Gtgm Cg-I-fmbn [cn-W
- w.

757

I 26. AY ssl\w `K-hw Imemn

cp{Zw `qkpWvUx ]{]-
Zp{Zm-mWmw t`tZ\ bZpm bXv kzcq]w
bXv ^e-an-Xn. XXv kzcq]w
apJ-bp amcnjvS
\nc-k\w Imam-`ojvS ^ew {_qloXn
tlmhm-N.
]ns `K-hm Imem- n-cp-{Z-t\mSv `qkp-Wv U
tNmZnp cp{Zm t`Z-a-\p-k-cnv GXp cp{Zm--v
GXmWv kzcq]w FmWv ^ew? AXv Fs\ ZpcnXw
ian-n-pp? Fs\ Dn-X-^-e-{]m-]X
v n-bp-m-Ipp
CsXmw ]d-p-Xc
- n-I.

27. Xss{XtX tmImx `hn

GI h{w Xpcp-{Zmw ]c-XX
- z-kz-cq-]Iw
Xm-c-WmXv ]tc-XtXz eobtX hnPn-tX-{nbm
28. Zznh{w Xp ap\n-t{i-jvT, Nm
\mco-izcmIw
[mc-Wm-Z-\m-coix {]nbtX Xky \nXyZx
29. {XnapJw ssNh cp{Zm-{- Z-a-n-{Xb kzcq-]I
- w.
Xm-cW
- m lpX-`q-ky XpjyXn \nXyZm
30. NXpapJw Xp cp{Zmw NXp a{-kz-cq-]Iw
Xm-c-W m- X
- ph-{mx-{]o-btX
Xky \nXyZm
31. ]-a{w Xp cp{Zmbw ] {_ kzcq-]Iw
]-h{ kzbw {_ ]pwl-cymN
hymt]m-lXn
32. jUvh {a]n-cp-{Zmw Imn-tI-bm[n
ssZhXw
Xm-cW
- mXv alm{io kym al
Zmtcm-Ky-ap- -aw.

CXns\ hnZzm-m KtWi kzcq-]s

- av Icp-Xp-p.
_pn, hnZy, sFizcyw Chbv v CXv [cn- p- Xv
D-aw.

34. k]vXh
- {w Xp cp{Zmmw k]vXa
- m-em[n
ssZhXw Xm-cW
- m-lm {iokym
al-Zm-tcmKy ap-aw.
35. alXn m\-k
- nx ipNn[m-cW
- Xx kZm
AjvT-h{w Xp cp{Zm-a
- -jvSam
{Xm[n ssZhXw
36. hkz-jvTI {]nb ssNh KwKm {]oX-Icw
XYm, Xm-cWm Znta {]oXm `thbp:
kXy-hmZnx
37. \h-{iw. Xpcp-{Zmw \h iym[n ssZhXw
Xky [mcW amt{XW {]nbt \h ibx
38. Zi-h{w Xpcp-{Zmw ba-ssZh Xyao-cnXw
Zim-{]-imn P\Iw [mc-Wm-m{I kwibx
Ggp-ap-J-ap cp{Zmw k]vX-tem-I-am-Xm--fpsS
kzcq]w tN-Xm-W.v AXp [cn-m sFiz-cyhpw BtcmKyhpw ssIh-cpw. ipn-tbmsS [cn-m m\w e`npw. AjvS-ap-J-tmSp IqSn-bXv Aj-S-am-Xm--fpsS kzcq]-am-Xm-W.v AXv AjvS-h-kp-pw {]nb--c-am-Wv.
AXp [cn-m KwKm-tZ-hnbpw {]k--bm-Ip-p. H]Xp
apJ-ap cp{Zm--ns A[n-tZ-hX \h-i-n-bm-Wv.
AXv [cn-m \h-i-n-Ifpw {]km-Zn-p-p. ]p apJap--Xns A[n-tZ-hX ba-\m-Wv. ba-\mWv AXv Zi-\am-{X-bn Xs imn \Ipw AXv [cn-m imn
e`n-p-sav kwi-bm-Xo-X-am-Wv.

39. GIm-Zi
- a
- pJw Xzw cpss{ZIm Zi ssZhXw
XZnZw ssZhXw {]mlpx kZm
ku`mKy h\w
41. {Xtbm Zi-apJw Xzw ImaZw innZw ip`w
Xkymx-[m-cW amt{XW Ima-tZhx {]ko-Z-Xn.
GI apJ-amb cp{Zmw ]c-XXz kzcq-]a
- m-sWpw
AXv [cn-m C{n-b-sf Pbn-p ]cm-XX
- z-n 42. NXpZi apJw-Nmw cp{Z-t\{X kpZv`hw
kh-hym[n lcw ssNh khZm
ebn-p-sapw Icp-X-s-Sp-p. ap\n-t{i-jvT, cp-ap-J-ap
tcmKy am]v\p-bm-Xv.
cp{Zmw A-\m-coiz kzcq-]-amWv AXv [cn-m A-

\m-co-iz-c {]k-\
- m-Ipw. aqp apJ-tmSp IqSn-bXv
An-kz-cq-]a
- m-Wv. AXp [cn-m An-tZ-h {]k-\m-Ipw. Ap apJ-ap-Xv ]-ap-J-\mb inhs {]XoI-am-Wv. AXp [cn-m `K-hm ]-ap-J ]pcp-j-lXysb Zpco-I-cn-p-p. Bdp apJ-ap cp{Zmw `K-hm
Imn-tI-bs kzcq-]-am-W.v AXp [cn-m al-mb
sFiz-cy-ap-m-Ipw. Btcm-Kyhpw e`n-pw.

]Xn-s\m-p-ap-J-ap cp{Zm--ns tZhX GIm-Zi-cp-{Z-m-cm-Wv. AXv ku`m-Ky-h-I-am-W.v ]{p apJap-Xv alm-hn-jvWp-kz-cq]w ZzmZ-im-ZnXy cq]-amWv AXv.
Xmev]c
- y-ap ]ecpw AXv [cn-p-p. AXp [cn-m
Ima-tZ-h {]km-Zn-p-p. ]Xn-mev apJ-ap-Xv cp{Zs
Ip-I-fn \npw khn-tijw Dm-b-Xm-W.v AXv khhym-[n-l- chpw Btcm-Ky-Zm-b- I-hp-am-Ip-p.

33. aXn hnm\ kn iptb [mc-tbXv

kp[ox hn\m-b-Im[n ssZhw N {]h-Zn
a\o-jnWx

43. aZyw amwkw N eip\w ]emWvUp

in{Kp-ta-hN
tjvam-XIw hnUvhc
- m-l-a-`y h-tb-cx

758

cp{Zmw [cn-p-h
- aZyw, amkw, shfp-p-n,
Npa-pn, apcn--, tjvam-XI
- w, hnUz-cmlw Fo
]Zm- ssIsh-Sn-b-Ww.

44. {KltW hnjp-th, ssNh-a-b-t\kw-{Ita ]n N

Ztijp ]u-am-tkN ]qtjp
Znh tkjp N
cp{Zm [mc-WmXv kZyx kh ]mss]x
{]ap-NytX
{KlWk-a-b w, hnjp (Xpemw taS-am-k- -fn)
cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw Xpey-amb Znh-kw) kqcy {Imn Ab\-]c
- n-h-\w, Aam-hm-kn, ]u-an, ]q Znh-kw
Cu L--fn cp{Zmw [cn-m thK-n ]m]-hn-apn-b p-m-Ipw.

45. cp{Zm-a
- qew XZv{_ Xmew
hnjvWp-tc-hh N
XpJw cp{Z CXym-lp-kvXZv _npx
khtZ hXmx
cp{Zm- - ns aqe-` mKw {_mhpw \mf-` mKw
hnjvWphpw apJ-`mhw cp{Z\pw _np- kh-tZ-h-mcpw
BsWv ]d-b-s-Sp-p.

46. AY Imemn cp{Zw `K-hw k\Xv Ipamcx

]{] "A[oln `K-hm cp{Zm [mcW hn[nw'
Xkva n katb \nZmL PU-`-c X Zm- t{Xb
ImXym-b\ `c-ZzmP I]ne hknjvT ]n-em-Zm-Zb
Imem-n-cp{Zw ]cn-kt- atXy Npx AY Imemn
cp{Zx Inanw `h-Xm-am-K-a-\a
- nXn tKmhm-N. cp{Zm
[mcW hn[nw ssh kth t{iXp-an-m-atl CXn.
]ns k\Xv Ipam-c Imemn cp{Z-t\mSp tNmZn
p: ""`K-hm-s\, Av cp{Zm [mc-W-hn[n ]dp XcWw.'' Atm \nZm-L, PU-`-c-X , Zm-t{X-b,
ImXym-b-\, `c-Zzm-P, I]n-e, hkn-jT
v , ]n-em-Z
XpS-nb ap\n-am Imem-n-cp-{Z\p Npp-an-cp-p. h-sXm-s Wp tNmZn- -t m Ah ]dp: "`K-h ,
Rs-m-hpw cp{Zm [mc-W-hn[n Adn-bm-\m{K-l-ap-v .

47. AY Imem ncpt{Zx t{]mhmNx cp{ZWy \b\m-Zp-X v]mx cp{Zmm CXn temtI Jymb-t,
AY kZm-inhmx kwlmc Imte kwlmcw IrXzm
kwlm-c mw apIp- fo-I - tcm- X n. X-b -\ m- Xm
cp{Zmm CXn tlmhmN XkvamZv cp{Zm-Xz anXn
Imemn cp{Zx t{]mhm-N.
Imem-n- cp-{Z ]dp: "cp{Zs t\{X--fn \npw
D-hn--Xp-sImv cp{Zmw Fv {]kn--am-bn. `K-hm
kZm-in-h kwlm-c-Im-ev kI-eXpw kwl-cn--tkjw

{]]--kw-lm-c-Ia
- mb Xs t\{X-aS- -bvp-p. AXn
\np--hn--XmWv cp{Zm-w.

48. XZv cp{Zmt hmKzn-jtb IrtX Zi tKm {]Zmt\\ bXv ^e-ap-hm-]vt\mXn XXv ^e-a-iv\pX k
Gj `kva tPymXo-c p-{Zm CXn. X{Zp- {Zmw
ItcW kv] pjv Szm [mcW amt{XW Zznk-l{k
tKm{]-Zm-\-^ ew `h-X n. X{Zp-{Zmt I-tbm
[mcy-amtW GIm-Zi kl{k tKm{]-Zm\ ^ew
`h-Xn. GIm-Zi cp{ZXzw N K-Xn. X{Zp {Zmt
inckn [mcy-amtW tImSn-tKm-{]-Zm\ ^ew `h-Xn.
"GXmjmw m\m\mw Itbmx ^ew hpw
\ iIy-anXn tlmhmN!
cp{Zmw hmn\p hnj-b-am-n-bm ]p ]ipsf Zm\w sNp ^ew knn- p- p. cp{Zmw
ssIsImp sXmv [cn-m am{Xw cm-bncw ]ip-sf
Zm\w sNbvXm-ep ^ew Dm-Ipw. AXv sNhn-bn [cnm ]Xn- t\m-cm-bncw ]ip-sf Zm\w sNbvXm-ep ^ew
Inpw. IqSmsX GIm-Zi cp{Z-Xzhpw e`n-p-p. inc-n-eWn-m tImSn tKmZm-\-^-e-am-Wv. Ch-bpsS m\-fp-sSbpw I--fp-sSbpw ^ew ]d-bm {]bm-kw.

49. b Camw cp{Zm Pm-_m-tem-]\

- n-jZw \nXy-a[otX _mtem hm bphm hm thZ ka-lm `h-Xn.
kKpcpx kthjmw a{-W m-ap-] -tZjv Sm `h-X n.
GssX-tch tlmaw Ipcym-Xv. GssX-tc-hm\w
XYm-c -tmLv \ w arXyp-Xm-c Iw Icp-W m-e _v[ w
IWvtT _mlu-in-J mbmw hm _[v \oX k]vX
Zzo]-h Xo `qan Zn- W mw \mh-I ev] n tX
XkvamZv {ibm bmw Imw NnZv Kmw ZZymXv km
ZnWw `h-Xn. b Cam-ap-]\
- nj {_mWx kba- [ o- b mt\ m Z nh - k - I r X w ] m] w \ mi - b - X n.
a[ymt [obm\x jUvP IrXm-]m]w \mibXn kmbw {]mXmx-{]-bp-RvPt\m At\-I-P-I
- rXw-]m]w \mi-b-Xn. jSv kl-{k-e Kmb-{Xo-P]
^e-am-]vt\m-Xn, {_-lXym kpcm-]m\ kzkvt Xb Kpcp-Z m-c -i-a\ Xw-tbmKw ]mX-tI-`y.
]qtXm `hXn kh Xo ^e-a-i--tX. ]XnX
kw`m-j-Wm-Xv]qtXm `hXn. ]wn iX kl-{k]m]vt\m `h-Xn. inh-km-bq-Py-a-hm-]tv \m-Xn. \N ]\cm-h tX \ N ]yp\ cmh-tX. CtXymw
kv Xyan-X yp- ]-\n-j- v.
Cu cp{Zm--Pm-_m-tem-]\
- n-jv \nXyhpw A[yb\w sNp--h _met\m bphmthm Bcm-bmepw alm\m-Ipw. Abm kh-a-{--fp-sSbpw D]-tZ-jvSm-hmIpw.
Ch- sImv tlmahpw ]qPbpw \S--Ww. Itm-L\
v hpw
arXyp-lm-c-I-hp-amb cp{Zmw Kpcp-hn \npw kzoI-cnpw
Igp-nepw ssIIfnepw inJ-bnepw [cn--Ww. AXn\v
Ggp Zzo]p `qan apgp-h ZnW sImSp-mepw aXn-

759

I bm-hn-. AXn-\m {i-tbmsS Fp sImSp-mepw ZnW-bmIpw {i-t bmsS Cu D]-\n-jpw A[y-b\w

sNp {_m-Ws cm{Xn sNbvX ]m]w \in-p-p.
Dbvv A[y-b\w sNbvXm Bdp Pw sNbvX ]m]w
\in-pw.
Imepw sshIopw A[y-b\w sNbvXm At\-IP---fnse ]m]w ian-pw. Bdm-bncw ew Kmb{Xo
a{w P]n-p ^ew Inp-p. {_-lX
- y, aZy-]m-\w,

kz, tNmc-Ww, Kpcp Zm Km\w Ch-bpsS ]m]-fpw

\in-pw. kI-e-Xo--fnepw kv\m\w sNp ^ew
Inpw. ]Xn-X-cp-ambn kw`m-jWw sNbvX-Xns ]m]hpw
\in-pw. Abm At\I tImSn-Po-hnIsf ]cn-ip-\
- mph\mbn `hn-p-p. inh-km-bqPyw e`n-pw. ]noSv
Ah P-a-cW
- t- iw A\p-`-hn-tn hcn-. Cs\
cp{Zm Pm_m-tem-]-\n-j-p.

cp{Zm--Pm-_m-tem-]-\n-jv Ah- km-\n-p.

cpt{Zm-]-\n-jv

hniz-a-tbm-{_m-Wx inhw {]PXnw {_mWx

]m-c a\p-`-hXn {_mWx inh ]qP-cXx inh`n hnlo-\-tXv k NWvU me D]-N-mex
N X p th - Z - P vtR m] n b i nh ` k G h
{_mWx A[-a--mtem ]n inh-`
- . tXv
{_mmXv t{ijvT -Xcx {_mW kv{Xo ]p{
{h X x k G h {_ m W x i nh `t tc h
{_mW inh-enwKm \-bp-X-
me lkvXh
- n`qXn ipm Krl-m\mw \n-eh
- n-`qXn X]-kzn`nx kh `kva [mcyw bZzm inh `nx kw]pjvSw
kZm]n XZv ZknX tZh-Xm-[mcyw
hniz-a-b-\mb {_m-W inh-k -ao-] -sa-p-p.
Ah ]m-cw A\p-`-hn-p-p. inh-]q-Pb
- n cX\m-bn-cn-p-Ibpw \ax inhmb F ]m-cw kZm
ssIImcyw sNp--h-\mWv bYm {_-m-\n.
NXp thZ--\m-bmepw inh-`-n-c-ln-X-s\-n Abm
Nm-fX
- p-ey Xs. {_m-W {Xn]pw [cn-p-h\
- m-IW
- w. AXn-emWv Ahs {_m-W-Xzw. inh-`n-bm am{X-amWv Ah {_m-Ws
- \--dn-b-s-Sp-I.
inh-enwKw ]qPn-ph Nm-f-\m-bmepw {_m-Wt\-m t{ijvT- \m-Wv. inh-`- - \mb Nm- f \Ip
`kvaw b-n-te-m ip-am-Wv. `kvaw aqp Xcn-ep-v. Nne-Xn\v sNns \nd-am-bn-cn-pw. NneXv
sh-bm-Wv. NneXv Aev]w ]pI-h-n as]m-SntbmSp ka-am-bn-cn-pw. hnc-
- m-cmb X]-kzn-Ipw
ip- cmb Krl--mpw kz-`-kva-amWv A\p-tbm- Pyw.
inh-`-\v GXp hn[-n-ep-Xpw kzoI-cn-mw.

An-cnXn `kva hmbpcn Xn `kva e-anXn

`kva Pe-anXn `kva thymtaXn `kva CXym-Zyp-]\-\n-j-XvIm-c-WmXv Imcyw A\y{X hniz-Xp
cpX hniz-Xo-aptJm hniztXm lkvX DX hniz
]mXv kw _mlp`ymw \aXn kw ]X- \ ymhm
]rYnho P\- b tZh GIx Xkv a mXv {]mW
enwtKm inhx inhx {]mW-enwKo PSm-`k
- va-[-tcm]n
{]mW-enwtKm ln t{ijvTx {]mW-enwKo inh-cq]x
{]mW-e nwKo PwK-a -c q]x inh Gh PwKa cq]x
{]mW-enw-Kn\mw ip knn\ `hXn {]mW enwKn
\mw PwKa ]qPym\mw ]qPy X]-k zn\mw aqVm tem ]n{]mWm-enwKo XkvamXv {]mWenwKo hntij CXymZn b Ghw thZ k inh cp{Z
Gh-cp{Z {]mW-enwKo \mt\ym `hXn
An, hmbp, Pew, ew, BImiw kI-eXpw `kvaa-b-am-Ip-p. AXp a\-n-emn `kvaw [cn-t--Xm-Ipp. Cuiz-c Fm-bn-Spw Ip-Ifpw \mep-hi
- pw
apJhpw \mep-`m-Kpw ssIIfpw \mep-hi
- pw ImepIfpw D-h-\m-sWv {]kn-a
- m-W.v Atlw `qan-sbbpw
BIm-is
- -bp-samw krjvSn-p. Atlw kI-epw
{]W-an-m tbmKy-\m-W.v Pe-Po-hn-Ifpw e-Po-hn-Ifpw
BIm- i-Nm-cn-I-fp-samw At-ls {]W-an-p-p. {]mWk-enw-Kn-bmWv inh. inh Xs-bmWv {]mW-enw-Kn.
CwK-ac
- q-]\
- mWv inh. inh Xs PwK-a-kz-cq-].
{]mW-enw-Kn-I-fn X]-kzn-I-fn t{ijvT-cm-Wv. inh-`-\mb Nm-f\pw t{ijvT-\mb {]mW-enw-Kn-bm-W.v {]mW-

760

I enwKn Xs t{ijvT. BXnYyw Adn-bph inh

Xs cp{Z. cp{Z Xs {]mW-enw-Kn. thsdm-cm-f
- .

Bm ]c-a-in-h-Zztbm Kpcp inh KpcpWmw

kh hniz-anZw hniz-a-t{W [mcyw ssZhm [o\w
PK-Z nZw XZv ssZhw Xm- {XmXv X\ptX Xt
ssZhw Kpcp-c nXn KpcqWmw kh- m- \ nXmw
Kpcpam Z-ta-X-Zw ]c-{_ {_m kzm\p `qXn
Kpcp intJm tZh Kpcp inh Gh enKw D`-tbm-c`- n-XzmXv b{X Kpcp-kvX{X inhx inh-Kp-cp-kz-cqt]m
atl-izc inh-tbm-Kn\ inh-]q-Pm-]tY Kpcp ]qPm
hn[u N atl-izc inh-tbm-Kn\ inh ]qPm-]tY
Kpcp-]qPm hn[u N atl-izc ]qP-\m-apm enwKm`n-tjIw \nmey Kptcm-c`
- n-tjI Xow atliz-c -] m- tZm-Z Iw P-a m- e n-\ yp- m-f-bn tXjmw
{]oXn inh-{]oXn tXjmw Xr]vXn inh-Xr]vXnw
ssX ]mh\o hmk tXjmw \nc-k\w inh \nck\w B\ ]cm bWx Xkvam-nhw {hPp Kpcpw
{]Pp ]tXyh ]mh\w
Cu Bmhv {_-cq-]hpw inh-cq-]-hp-am-Ip-p. Kpcpin-h-cq-]-am-Wv. Kpcp--mv Cu hniz-samw inh-a-{m-

-I-am-t-X
- p-v. Cu {]]w tZhm-[o-\-am-Wv. a{m[o-\-amWv ssZhXw B ssZhw Xs Fs Kpcp. Kpcp-fmepw kh--m-cpsS Kpcp-hmepw \nn-X-amb Cu
Aw ]c-{_ cq]-am-Ip-p. kzm\p-`hw sImp thWw
{_w a\-n-em-m. tZh-\mb inh Xs ]c-aK
- pcp. Kpcp-hmb inh enwK-kz-cq-]-\m-Wv. \ncm-Imc {_ns Nn-amWv inh-enw-Kw. FhnsS Kpcp-hpv AhnsS
inh-\p-v. B atl-iz-c Kpcp-kz-cq-]-\m-Ip-p. {`a-IoS
knm {]Imcw kZm inhs\ Bcm-[n-p km[-I
kzbw inh Xs Bbn-o-cp-p. inh-enw-Ks A`ntjIw sNp-Xp sImv kIe ]m]-fpw Zqc-n-emIp-p. Kpcp-hns\ ]qPn-pXpsImpw inh\v A`ntjIw sNp-X
- p-sImpw Pm-c ]m]fpw Zqc-nem-Ip-p. kI-e-scbpw kvt\ln-p-Xpw inh t{]aw
Xs. kIe Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw kwXr]vXn inh-sbpw
kwXr-]vXn-bm-Wv. temI \nc-k\w inhs \nc-k-\-am-Ipp. Cu t_m[hpw hnth-Ihpw D-h Fpw B\-bp--\m-bn-cn-pw. inhs\ icWw {]m]n-p-I. Kpcp-hns\
icWw {]m]n-p-I.
cpt{Zm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

emwKq-tem-]-\n-jv

imn]mTw
Hmw B]ymbp aamwKm\n hmIv {]mW
px t{im{XatYm_ean{nbmWn N khmWn
khw {_tm]\njZw amlw {_ \ncmIpcy
amam {_\ncm ItcmZ\ncmWakvXp A\ncmI
cWw ta kvXp XZmm\n \nctX b D]\njXv
kp [mkvt X abn kp tX abn kp Hmw
imnx imnx imnx
Fs Awi ]pjvSn {]m]ns. hmv {LmWw
Npv _ew kth{nb Fmw ]pjvSn {]m]ns. kIe D]\njpIfpw {_ kzcq]fmWv.
F\nv {_s ]cnXyPnm\nSbmIcpXv. {_w
Fs ssIshSnbmXns. D]\njv [
Fn \nesImffpamdmIs. Hmw imnx imnx imnx

1. Ix khnXm Im kmhn{Xn? Antch khnXm

khnXm ]rYnho kmhn{Xo k b{XmnkvX Xv
]rYnho b{X hm ]rYnho X{XmnkvtX tZz tbm\n
kvXtZIw anYp\w
2. Ix khnX m Im kmhn{Xn? hcpW Gh
khnXm B]x kmhn{Xn k b{Xm hcpWkvXZm
t]m b{X hm Xm]kvXZv hcpW kvtX tZz tbm\n
XtZIw anYp\w
3. Ix khnXm Im kmhn{Xo hmbptch khnXm
BImi kmhn{Xo k b{Xhmbpkv X ZmImtim
b{X hm BImikvXZzmbp kvtX tZz tbm\o
XtZIw anYp\w
4. Ix khnXm Im kmhn{Xo b Gh khnXm
Omwkn kmhn{Xn b{X b kvX{XOmwkn

761

I b{X hmOmwkn k b

kv t XtZztbm\o

XtZIw anYp\w
5. Ix khnXm Im kmhn{Xn? kvX\bnXv\ptch
khnXm hnZypXv kmhn{Xo
Xmsg sImSpncnp {Iaa\pkcnv AwK\ymkw
sNWw.

Hmw `px \tam AwKpjvT m`yw \ax inctk

kzmlm Hmw `ph Xtam XP\o`ymw \ax inctk
kzmlm Hmw kz \tama[yam`ymw \ax inJmssb
hjSv Hmw alxA\manIm`yw \ax t\{X{Xbmb
h j Sv Hmw P \ x I \ nj v T nI m`y mw \ ax
t\{X{Xbmb hjvSv Hmw X]x IcXehrjvSm`yw
\ax Akv{Xmb ^Sv
ssIIqn IpI ASv h{PmwKw ]nwK t\{Xw
Fp XpSnb [ym\tmIw sNmWw. C{XbpamWv
am\tkmhNmcw. ]qPnXn\ptijw

Hmw \tam `KhtX `mhm\e Imemn l\p

atX P\{intbm PbPohnXmb [hfoIrXPK
{b h{P tZl h{P]p h{PImb h{PXp
h {P a p J h {P a p J h {P _ m tl m h {P tc ma
h{Pt\{X h{PZ h{Picoc kIemImb
{i oa I c ] nwK f m D{K { ] fbI me c u{Z
hocm`{ZmhXmc, ic`kmess`chtZmZem
]pcn Zl\ DZ[newL\ Zi {Koh IrXm
koXmhnizmk, Cuizc]p{X ARvP\KZv kw`qX
DZb`mkvIc _nw_\f {KmkI tZhZm\h Ejn
ap\nhy ]mip]Xmkv{X {_mkvss{X _e\m
cmbWmkv{ X ImeinImkv {X ZImkv {X
]mimtLmc \nhmcW ]mip]Xmkv{X {_m
kv{X ss_ehmkv{X \mcmbWmkv{XayU kh
in {Kk\ aamcmIc ]chnZym \nhmcW
B hnZym kwcIAnZo]v X AYhW
thZkn kv{XoImemn \ncmlmcI_mlpthK
at\ m th K {i o c maX mc I ] c {_ h ni z
cq]Zi\ evaW {]mW{]XnjvTm\Ic e
Pemn a t`Zn kh i{Xq Onn aa
sshcnWx JmZb JmZb UmIn\o hn[zwkt\\
kp{Koh kJyIcW \njv I f Ipamc{_
Nmcn ZnKw_c kh]m] kh]m] kh{Kl
IpamcKrl khw tOZb tOZb t`Zb `nn
`nn JmZb JmZb SwI SwI XmUI XmUI
amcb amcb timjb timjb Pzmeb Pzmeb
lmcb lmcb tZhZw \mib\mib AXn
timjb AXntimjb aa khw N l\pam
c c Hmw {lmw {low {lqw lpw ^Sv tL
tL kzmlm

Hmw \tam `KhtX N {]Xm] l\patX

almhocmb khZpxJ hn\mimb {KlaWv Ue
`qXae t{]X ]nimN Xe kthmm\b
A X n` b c P zc amtl i zc P zc h n j vW p
Pzc{_Pzc thXmf {_cmk Pzc]n
Pzc tjva kn]mXIPzc hnjaPzc ioXPzc
GImlnI Pzc, ZzmlnI Pzc ss{XlnI Pzc
NmXpnI Pzc AamknI Pzc amknI Pzc
jmknI Pzc kmwkcnI Pzc AyKX
Pzc alm]kva mc Pzc {ianIm]m\w t`Zb
t`Zb JmZb JmZb {lmw {low {lqw lpw ^Sv
tL tL kzmlm
\tam `KhtX NnmaWn l\patX AwKiqe
An iqe incqe Kpev]iqe DZc iqe t\{X
qe KpZiqeISIiqemPm\piqe LeUmiqe
lkvX iqe ]mZiqe Kpev^ iqe hmXiqehn
iqe hmbp iqe kv X \iqe ]cnWmaiqe
]cnLm iqe ]c_mWiqe Ziqe Ipniqe
kpa\iqe khiqem\n \nqeb ssZXyZm\h
Iman\o thXmf {_cmk tImemle \mK
]mim\hmkpIn XX ImtmSI enwK ]Xv
aI IpapZ PzctcmK ]m imlX alm amco Ime
]mi hnjw \nhnjw Ipcp Ipcp Hmw {lmw {low
{lqw lpw ^Sv tL tL kzmlm
Hmw {low {iow ow mw ow p Hmw \am
`KhtX ]mXmf KcpUl\patX ss`h _\ KXP
knwtlmfo ]mi_p tOZb tOZb {]fb
amc p X I me m n l \ p a tX i r J e m_ w
tambtamb kh{Klw tOZb tOZb aa
kh ImcymWn km[b km[b {]kmZw c
Hmw {lmw {lnw {lqw {lo tamw ss{`{kmw
mw ow {Imw {Iow{lmw {low {lw ss{lw {]x
{lmw {low lp J J Pb Pb amcW taml\
Lq Lq Za Za amcb J tJ {lmw {low
lpw lqw
^Sv tL tL kzmlm

Hmw \tam `KhtX Imemncp{Zl\patX

{`mab {`mab eh Ipcp Ipcp Pb Pb lk lk
amZb
amZ b {]P zeb ar Ub ar Ub {X mk b
{Xmkb kmlk kmlk hib hib imab
imab Akv{X{Xniqe Uac JKx Ime arXyp
I]me JSzmwK Jc Aab izmizX lpw lpw
AhXmb AhXmb lpw lpw A\ `qjW ]c
X{ ]cb{ iX iX kl{k tImSn tXPx
]pRv P ap t`Zb t`Zb Anw _ b
kh{Klw _b _b A\mZn ZpjvS\m

762

I Km\mw

hnlw l\l\ k hhnjw _ b

_b h{P Xp DmSb amcW taml\
hioIcW kv X w`u Ppw`WmIjtWmmS\
aneu hntZzjW bp XamWn _b
_b Hmw Ipamco ]Z{Xnl mc {_mWn{K
aqtb {Kma hknt\ AXn ]qimb
khmbp[ [cmb kzmlm Abmb tL tL
tL tL Hmw eee {Lm {Lu kzmlm Hmw lemw
leow leq lpw lpw tL tL kzmlm
Hmw {imw {iow {iqw {iw Hmw \tam ZK ]tX
`{Z Pm\nIS cp{Z hoc l\patX Sw Sw Sw ew ew
ew tZhZZnKw_ccmjvSalmityjvSmwK[c
Ajv S almss`ch \h{_kzcq] ZzmZim
tXP {XtbmZi tkmaapJ hoc l\pam
kvXw`n\o tamln\o hiIcnWo X{ I kmh
bh \Kc cmPapJ _u_e kpJaIcapJ
knwl Pnlzm apJm\n _b _b kvXw`b
kvXw`b hym{LapJ kh hynImn Pzmem
hnjw \nab \nKabkhP\ sshcn apJw
_ b _ b ] m] l c h oc l \ p am
CuizcmhXmc hmbp \\ ARv P \o kpX
_b _b {iocma N{tkhmIx Hmw {lmw
{lmw {lmw Bb {lmw mw {Low {Iow bw t`
{`{Zx lSv JSv JSv khP\ky Zriw e emw {iow
{low {low a\x kvX w `b kvX w `b `RvP b
`RvP b A{Znw {low {low a\x kvXw `b kvXw
`b `RvP b `Rv Pb A{Znw {low h{low {low
khw low low kmKc lo lo aa kh a{
X{ knw Ipcp Ipcp kzmlm {iocma N{
Dhm] {io almtZh DhmN {io hoc`{ZkvX u
DhmN {Xn kyw b ]tTcx

apIfn kqNnn hn[n am\knI ]qP sNbvX

Xn\p tijw Xmsg sImSpp a{ DcnWw.
a{ D]tbmKsSpn tlmahpw \Smw.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Hmw \tam `KhtX `mhm\e Imemn

l\patX c
c Hmw {lmw {low {lqw lpw ^Sv
tLtL kzmlm
Hmw \tam `KhtX NnmaWn l\patX
\nhnjw
Ipcp Ipcp tL tL kzmlm
Hmw {low {iow ow mw ow pw Hmw \tam
`KhtX
]mXmf KcpU l\patX hmcb hmcb
tL tL kzmlm
Hmw \tam `KhtX Imemn cp{Z
l\patX {Lm {Lm
kzmlm lpw ^Sv tL tL kzmlm
Hmw {imw {io {ipw ss{i {i \tam
`KhtX `{Z Pm\nI
cp{Z hoc l\patX lo lo kmKc
lo lo hm hw
kh a{mmYhW thZ knnw
Ipcp Ipcp kzmlm

Cs\ cmaN{\pw inh\pw hoc`{Z\pw hoc`{Z

AhtcmSpw ]dp.
bmsXmcph {]`mXnepw a[ymnepw ky
pw CXv ]Tnpp. Abmv kIeXpw e`nm\nS
hcpp.
emwKptem]\njv kam]np.

h{P-kq-Nn-tIm-]-\n-jv

imn-]mTw
Hmw B]ym-bp aamw-Km\n hmIv {]mW-p
t{im{X-atYm _e-an-{n-bmWn N khmWn khw
{_tm-]-\n-jZw amlw {_ \ncm-Ipcymw am am
{_ \ncm-Itcm Z\n-cm-I-c-W-a-kvXz-\n-cm-I-cW ta
AkvXp XZm-\n \nctX b D]-\n-jp [m

kvtX abn kp tX abn kp Hmw imnx imnx

imnx
Hmw Fs AwK--fpw, hmv, {]mW, Np-v,
t{im{Xw, _ew, C{n-b
- Fn-hbpw ]pn {]m]ntW. Fmw D]-\n-j-Zp- -amb {_-a m-W v. Rm
{_s \ncm-Ic
- n-m-\n-S-bp-m-Im-Xn-cn--tW. {_w

763

I {_s \ncm-Ic- n-m-\n-S-h-cm-Xn-cn-tW. {_ Fs

]cn-Xy-Pn-m-Xncn--tW. F\npw {_-n\pw Xn
At`-Zy-amb _w Dm-Im-\n-S-h-c-tW. Rm {_- n
\nv AI-em-\n-S-h-cm-Xn-cn--tW. B-]c
- -m-cmb hynIv bmsXmcp [- tkhy--fmbn D]-\n-j
- pI A\p- im- kn-p-tm Ah Fn \ne-sIm-- tW. Hmw
imnx imnx imnx

1. Hmw h{P-kqNnw {]h-yan

imkv{X- a- m-\ -t `-Z\w
`qjWw m\lo-\m\mw
`qjWw m\-N
- pjmw

Xkvam--tZtlm {_mW CXn

tZl-amtWm {_m-W F tNmZyw DZn-m-hp-Xm-Wv. AXp km[y-a-. Nm-e apX kIe a\p-jycp- sSbpw icocw Hp-t]mse Xs ]-`q- Xm- - I- am-W-tm.
Ah-cn hm-Iyw, ac-Ww, [w, A[w Fn-hsbmw Hp-t]m- se-bm- Ip-p. {_m-W shfp--\n-d- mc\pw {Xn- b Nph--\n-d-m\pw sshiy a\nd-mc\pw iq{Z Idp--\n-d - m-c \pw Bbn-cn- -W -s av
bmsXmcp \nb-a-hp-an-. am{X- a-, ]nXm-hn-sbpw ktlm-Zc-sbpw ico-cZ- m-l{- In-b-I sNp--Xp-sImv ]p{Xm-ZnIv {_-lX
- ym-Zn-tZm-j
- kw`-hn-p-n-. AXpsImv tZlhpw {_-Wm-\m-Im Xc- an-.

Am- \s \in- n- p- Xpw m\- lo-\v `qj- 5. Xln PmXn {_mW CXn tN X{X
W-am-bn-tXm-m-hp-Xpw m\-N- p-p-Iv `qj-W- hp- PmXy-- c -P- p-j z- t\-I- Pm-Xn-k w-` -h m- l jtbm
amb h{P-kq-Nn-tIm-]-\n-j-n-s\-n ]d-bmw.
_lhx kn Ejy-i rwtKm artKymx, IuinIx

2. {_- -{Xnb sshiy-i q{Zx CXn NXzmtcm

hm- k v t Xjmw hm\ mw {_m W Gh
{][m\ CXn thZ-h-N-\m-\p-cq]w kvarXn-`n-c-]yp-w.
X{X tNmZy-akvXn tIm hm {_tWm \ma, Inw
Pohx, Inw tZlx, Inw PmXnx, Inw m\w, Inw
I, Inw [mnI CXn

Ipim-Xv, Pmw_ptIm Pw_p-Im-Xv, hmevaotIm hevaoIm-Xv, hymkx ssIh-I-\y-Imbmw ii-]r-jT

v mXv
KuXax hknjvT Dhiymw AKkv X yx Ieti
PmXn CXn {ipX-X zmXv GtXjmw PmXym hn\m]ymt{K m\- { ]- X n-] m- ZnXmx Ejtbm _lhx
kn. Xkvam PmXn {_W CXn.

{_m-W, {Xn-b, sshiy, iq{Z Fv \meph-fpv. Ch-cn {_m- W {][m- \- \m- sWv Fp
thZw A\p-im-kn-p-p. kvarXn-I-fnepw As\ ]d-ncn-p-p. ChnsS tNmZy-ap-Zn-p-Xv {_m-W Bcm-sWm-Wv. Ah Poh-\mtWm tZl-amtWm PmXn-bmtWm
m\-amtWm I-amtWm? [mn-I-X-Xz-amtWm?

PmXn-bm-bn-cn-ptam {_m-W? AXp km[y-a-.

ImcWw `n PmXn-bns] Pohn-I-fn \npw At\Iw
aljn-am P\n-n-p-sv ]d-b-s-Sp-p. amt]-S-bn
\n Ejy-irw-K\pw Ipi-bn \n Iuin-I\pw Pw_p-I\n \nv Pmw_p-I\pw hevao-I-n \n hmevao-Inbpw
app-h-Ip-am-cn-bn \n hymk\pw ii-]p-jvT-n \nv
KuX-a\pw Dh-in-bn \n hkn-jT
v \pw IpS-n \n
AK-kvXy\pw P\np F ]d-b-s-Sp-p. Cu aljn-amsc-m-hcpw PmXn IqSmsX Xs apn-\m Xs m\nI-fm-bn-cp-p. AXp-sImv PmXn-bmWv {_m-W-s\v ]dbm \nhr-n-bn-.

3. X{X {]Ytam Pothm {_mW CXn tN

AXo-X m-\ m-K-X m-t\-I -tZ-l m\mw Poh-s sky-I -c q-] XzmXv GI-kym]n I-h-im-Z-t\-I-tZ-l-kw-` -hmXv
k h- i - c o- c mWmw Poh- s s k yI cq] - zm- .
Xkvam Pothm {_mW CXn.

6.

Xln m\w {_mW CXn tN

Poh-\mWv {_m-sWp ]d-m AXn\v km[y-X{Xnbm-Ztbm f ]n ]c-am-Zint\m A`nmx

bn- . `qX-`-hn-jy-XvIm-e--fn At\Iw ico-c--fn Dm_lhx kn Xkvam--m\w {_mW CXn
bnpXpw `mhn-bn Dm-Im t]mIp--Xp-amb Poh
m\w {_m-W-\m- Iptam? AXp ]d-bm \nhr- nFmw Hp-t]m-se-bm-Wv.
bn-. ImcWw At\Iw {Xn-b-m ]c-am-Zin-I
Im-\p-k-c- W-am-Wv At\Iw ico- c-- fn AXv P\nBbn-on- p-v. AXp- sImv m\w sImpw {_mp--Xv. Fm ico-c-p Poh\pw GI-`m-ha
- m-Wp-W-\m-Ip-sa ]d-bp-hm km[y-a-.
Xv. AXp-sImv Poh {_m-W-\m-Ip-hm Xc-an-.

4. Xln tZtlm {_W CXn tN-\ . B

Nm-em-Zn-]-cy-m\mw a\p-jymWmw ]m-`uXn
ItXz\ tZlky GI-cq-]-XzmXv Pcm-a-cW [m[m-Zn-km-ay-Zi-\mXv {_m Wx tizX hx
{Xntbm c-hx sshiyx ]oX-hx iq{Zx
IrjvW-hx CXn \nb-am-`m-hmXv ]n{Xm-Zn-i-c oc
Zlt\ ]p{Xm-Zo\mw {_-l-Xym-Zn-tZm-j-kw-`-hm

7. Xln- I {_mW CXn tN k

thjmw {]mWn\mw {]mc-_v[-k-n-Xm-Kman Ikm-[y-Zk-\mXv Im-`n-t{]-cnXm ktm P\mx
{Inbmx Iph-oXn Xkvam I {_m-WC
- Xn
Iw {_m-W-\m-Iptam? AXp ]d-bp-hm {]bmk-am-W.v Fs-m kIe Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw ]mc-_v[hpw
kn-X hpw BKm-an- bp-amb I- -f n km[yw

764

I ImW-s-Spp. AXn-\m I-m t{]cn-X-am-bn-mWv

Poh {]hn-p- Xv Xqew Iw {_m-W-\m-Im
Xc-an-.

8. Xln [mntIm {_mW CXn tN {Xnbm-Ztbm lnc-Wy-Zm-Xmtcm _lhm kn Xkvam

[mntIm {_m-WC
- Xn
[mn-IX {_m-W-\m-Iptam? AXn\p km[y-X-bn-.
ImcWw At\Iw {Xn-bm-Zn-I kz-Zm\w sNbvXp
sImt Ccn-p-p. AXn-\m [mn-I\
- mb hynbpw
{_m-W-\m-Im sRcp-w.

9. Xln tImhm {_mtWm \ma, bx In-Zmm-\-a-Zzn-Xobw PmXn-Kp-W-{In-bm-lo-\w jUqnj-Uv`m-th-XymZn kh-tZm-j-c-lnXw kXy-m-\m\-m-\--kz-cq]w kzbw \nhn-I-ev]-a-ti-j-I-ev]m[m-c-a-ti-j-`q-Xm--cym-an-tXz-\-ham-\-avX _lnm-Im-i -h-Z-\ p-kyq-X-a-J- m-\ - -kz-`m-h-a-{]-ta-b-a\p-`s
- sh-IhZya-]-tcm--Xb
- m-`mk am\w Ic-X-e ma-e -I-h Xv kmm-Z-] -tcm- o-I rXy IrXmbm
Ima-cm-KmZn tZm jc-lnXx ia-Z-am-Zn-k-tm `mham-cy XrjvWm imtam-lm-Zn-c-lntXm Zw`m-l-mcm-Z n- ` n- c kw ]r- tNXm hX Gh ap- e tWm b k Gh {_mW CXn {ipXnkvarXn

]pcm-tW-Xn-lm-km-`n-{]mbx A\yYm ln {_m-WXz

knn\m-k v tXyh kn-Zm- \ - m- m\ aZzn-X obw
{_-`m-h-tb-Zm-m\w kn-Zm-\w {_-`m-h-tb-ZnXyp-] -\n-j-Xv.

B \ne-bn BcmWv {_m-W? AZzn-Xo-b-ambpw

PmXn-Kp-W- {In-bm-c-ln-X-ambpw jUqn-j-Uv`m-hmZn kh
tZmj-cl
- n-X-ambpw kXy-m-\ kzcq-]-ambpw kzbw
hnI-ev]-lo-\\mbpw kIe Iev]-pw B[mc`qXambpw kIe `qX--fnepw A-cym-an-bmbpw BIm-i-satmWw Dnepw ]pdpw hym]n- n- cn- p--Xm-bp]w AJm-\ kzcq-]-ambpw A{]-ta-b-ambpw A\p-`-ssh-It- hZy-ambpw {]Xy--tXz\ tim`n-p--Xm-bpw D Bmhns\ ssI-e-n-cn-p s\n t]mse kmm-Xvcnv IrXm-\mbpw Ima-cm-Km-Zn-tZm-j-c-ln-X- \mbpw ia-Zam-Zn-k---\mbpw am-cyw, XrjvW, Bi Ch shSn-h-\mbpw Zw`w, Al-mcw Ch ssIhn--h-\mbpw bmsXmcm Ign-bpp Ah Xs-bmWv {_m-W Ft{X
{ipXn ]pcm-W--fn CXn-lm-k- Ch-bp-sS-sbms
A`n-{]m-bw. CXn \npw `n-ambn asmcp Xe-nepw
{_mWyw e`n-n-. Bmhp Xs-bmWv kn-Zm-\
kzcq-]-sapw AZzn-Xo-b-sapw [cnv a\p-jy {_-`mhs I-dn-tb--Xm-Wv.
h{P-kq-Nn-tIm-]\
- n-jv kam-]n-p.

ic-t`m-]-\n-jv

imn-]mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx irWp-bma tZhm `{Zw
]tiy am- ` n- c y- P - \ {Xmx nssc- c w- s sK- k vX phmw kkvX- p-` nhy-tia tZh-l nXw bZmbpx
kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \ ]qjm
hniz thZmx kzkvXn \kvXmtym Acn--t\anx
kzkvX n t\m _rl-k v] - X nZ-[ mXp Hmw imnx
imnx imnx
tZh-m-sc, R I--fm awKfw {ihn--s.
Ip-IsImv awKfw ImWtW. kpZr-V--fmb AwK-fmepw ico-c-mepw \nsf kvXpXn-p-sIm-n-cn--s.
tZh-m Rv \n-bn-n-p Bbpp apgp-h

R A\p-`-hn-tW. alm-Ion-am-\mb C{\pw

kh- - \mb ]qjmhpw Rp \ sNtW. A{]Xn- tcm- [y- K- Xn- bmb Kcp-U Rv \ ssIh-cp-- tW.
_rl-k]
v Xn Rv \ sN-tW. Hmw imnx imnx
imnx

1. AY ssl\w ss]-emtZm {_-W-ap-hm-Nt`m

`K-h, {_-hn-jvWp-cp-{ZmWmw at[y tImhm-[ nI- X tcm t[ybx kym- X z- t ah t\m{_q- l oXn
Xkvssa k tlmhmN ]nXm-a-l tl ss]-emZ
irWp hmIy-ta-X-Xv
_lq\n ]pWym\n IrXm\n tb\ I
tXss\h e`yx ]c-ta-iztcm f ku I

765

bkymw-KtPm lw lcn-cn-{-apJymx I
tamlm Pm\n kptc-{-apJymx II
Asmcn ss]-emZ aljn {_m-hn-t\mSv
tNmZnp: `K-hm-s\, {_m-h,v hnjvWp, cp{Z Ch aqp
t]cn IqSp-X [ym\-tbm-Ky-\m-cmWv? Cmcyw Av
Rv ]dp Xc-Ww. ]nXm-a-l-\mb {_mhv ]dp. ss]-em-Z, Rm ]d-bp-Xv tIq. bmsXmcp ]cta-iz-cs AwK-n \npw Rm kw`q-X-\mtbm B
]c-ta-iz-cs\ {]m]n-pI AXv alm ]pWy-im-en-bmb Hcph\p am{Xta km[n-p-I-bp-q. hnjvWphpw C{\pw apw
taml-h-im Ah-s\ Adn-bp-n-.

2.

hoc-`-{Z-s\-p-ap t]cp-If
- m Adn-b-s-p.

7.

k GtIm cpt{Zm t[ybx I

kthjmw kh-kn-tb I
tbm {_Wx ]-a-h-{-lm I
Xkvssa cp{Zmb \tamkvXp

B cp{Z Xs-bmWv kh knn-Zm-Xmhpw kw]qPy\pw {_m- h ns ]- a pJw \in- n Bcp- {Z\v

\a- kI
v m-cw.

8.

tbm hnkv^p-enw-tK\ eem-S-tP\ I

khw PKXv `kva-kmXv kwI-tcmXn I

{]`pw htcWyw ]nXcw atl-izcw I

tbm {_mWw hnZ-[mXn Xkvssa I
thZmw khm {]ln-tWmXn Nm{Kyw I
Xw ssh {]`pw ]nXcw tZh-Xm\mw II

]p\ krzm ]p\-c-]y-c--tZhw I

kzX{w {]I-So-I-tcmXn
Xkvssa cp{Zmb \ax AkvXp

Xs s\n-bnse An sImv kIe PKpw `kvakI-epw {]`phpw t{ijvT-\p-am-Wh

- . ]nXmhpw
ambn hopw krn-p. AXns\ kwc-n-p cp{Z\v \a]c- ta- iz- c- \p- am- Wv. Ah Xs {_m- hns\ [mcWw sNpkvIm-cw.
p. thZ-sf \n-bn-p-Xv Ah Xs. Ah
Xs {]`phpw tZh-]n-Xm-hpw.
9. tbm hma-]m-tZ\ PLm\ Imew

3.

aam]n hnjvtWmP-\Iw I
tZh-aoUyw tbm f x Imte
kh-tem-Im kwP-lmc II

Fsbpw hnjvWp-hn-sbpw P\-I-\m-W-h. Ah

Xs-bmWv temIm-h-km\ ka-bv kIe temc-I
- sfbpw kwl-cn-p--Xv.

4. k GIx t{ijvT kh imkvXm k Gh

hcn-jvT tbm tLmcw thj-am-mbm ic-`mJyw
atl-i zcx \rknwlw temI-l - mcw kwP-Lm\
alm-_ex

tLmcw ]t] f tYm lmem-lew Zlw

Xkvssa cp{Zmb \tamkvXp
Xs CSs ]mZ-m Imes\ h[n--h\pw Pzenp lmem- l ew ]m\w sNbv X - h - \ p- a mb cp{Z\v
\a- kI
v m-cw.

10. tbmhm-a-]m-Zmn-X-hn-j vW p-t\{X

kvXkvssa ZZu N{I-a-Xoh lrx
Xkvssa cp{Zmb \tam AkvXp
BcpsS hma-]m-Z-n-emtWm hnjvWp Xs Ip- I
FSpv An- -Xv. BcmtWm kp--\mbn hojvWp-hn\p
N{Im-bp[w sImSp-Xv B cp{Z-\m-bn-smv \a-kI
v m-cw.

Ah GI\pw t{ijvT\pw kI-eXpw `cn-p--h\pw

hcn-jvT- \p- am- Ip- p. B alm- _-e-hm Xs- bmWv ic-`n
11.
s cq]w [cnv temI-l-m-hmb \rknw-ls\ h[n--Xv.

hnjvWpw __-tm-c-K-]m-ti\ hocx

5. lcnw lcWw ]mZm-`ym-a-\p-bmn kptc-izcmx

am h[o ]pcpjw hnjvWpw hn{I-akz alm-\kn
6. Ir]bm `K-hm hnjvWpw hnZ-Zmc \ssJx
Jsscx Nmw- _ tcm alm- h otcm hoc- ` t{Zm
_`qh l

Xkvssa cp{Zmb \ax AkvXp

Z-b m-K - n kI-e -tZ-h - m-s cbpw tXmev]nv
hnjvWp-hn-s\-tmepw \mK-]m-i-m _n-n alm-hoc-\mb cp{Z\v \a-kI
v m-cw.

hnjvWp-hns\ Imen ]nSnp cp{Z sImp-t]m-Ip- 12.

tm tZh-m-scmw At-ls A\p-K-anv cp{Z-t\mSv
{]mn- p. {]t`m, Zb-h p-s NbvXv ]pcp-tjm--a -\ mb
hnjvWp- hns\ h[n- -cp- Xv. Av alm-\m-W- tm. Av Pbn-s. Atm cp{Z Xs Iq \J--fm hnjvWphns\ ]nfp. Atlw Nmw-_-c-\mb alm-cp-{Z-s\pw

tbm Z-bt kpc-kw-Lm hnPnXy

tbm eoe-ssbh {Xn]pcw ZZm-l,

hnjvWpw Ihnw
tkma-kq-cym-n-t\{Xw kth tZhmx ]ipXm
ahm]px kzbw XkvamXv ]ip-]-Xn _`qh
Xkvssa cp{Zmb \ax AkvXp

766

Ifn-bn-se-tmWw \njv{]-bmkw {Xn]p-X-msc Pbn-h\pw kqcy, N{, An Fo aqp t\{X--tfmSp

IqSn-b-h\pw kh-tZ- h-mpw A[o-i\pw As\ ]ip]Xn F t]cn-\m {]kn--\p-amb cp{Z\v \a-kI
v m-cw.

13. tbm ay-Iqm-Zn-h-cm-l-knw-lm I

hnjvWpw {Iaw hma-\m-Zn-hnjvWpw I
hnhn-_w ]oUy-am\w kptciw I
`kvao-N-Imc aYw baw N Xkvssa
cp{Zm-b-\tam f kvXp

18. AtWm-cW
- o-bm altXm alo-bm I
Bky Ptm \nlnXw Kplmbmw I
Xa-{IXpx ]iyXn hoX-timtIm I
[mXpx {]km-Z-ln-am-\-aoiw

Cu Bmhv AWp-hn-s\-m AWphpw hep-Xn-t\m hep-Xp-am-Ip-p. kh-Po-hn-I-fp-sSbpw A`m-Kv

lrZ-b-Kp-l-bn \nh-kn-p-p. alm-\mb B Cuiz-cs\
timI- c - l n-X -\ mb hyn `K-h Xv {]kmZw sImv
ImWp- p.

hnjvWp-hns Ah-Xm-c--fmb ay Iqhcml 19.

\c-knw-lm-Zn-I-sf-tm-epw {Iao-I-cn--h\pw Ima-tZ-h-s\bpw
ba-s\bpw `kvao-I-cn--h-\p-amb cp{Z\v \a-kI
v m-cw.

14. Ghw-{]-Im-tcW _lp[m {]Xpzm I

am-]-bm-am-kp\o-e-IWvTw atl-izcw I
Xm]-{X-b-k-apZv `qX P arXyp Pcm-Zn`nx I
\m\m-hn-[m\n ZpxJm\n Plmc ]c-ta-izcx

hknjvT sshbm-kn-I-hm-a-tZh I
hncn-n-apssJylrZn `mhy-am\x I
k\pPm-XmZn k\m-X-\ mssZy
cotUym atltim `K-hm-\m-Zn-tZhx

hkn- jvT ipI hma- tZ-h XpS-nb aljn-amcpw

{_m- Zn- I- fmb kIe- tZ-h-mcpw Bsc kZm [ym\n-p-tm,
k\-p-Pm-X k\m-X -\ XpS- n-b -h -c psS \nc- c
tZh-m Cs\ ]e hn[w kvXpXnv At]-n-- kvXpXnv Bcv ]m{X-amtWm A-s\-bp `K-hm atltm Atlw Xm]- {X- b- -sf-bpw P-ar-Xyp- P-cm- Zn- I-sfbpw iz-c BZn tZh-\m-Wv.
\in-n-p.
20. ktXym \nXyx kh kmo atltim I

15. Ghw ass{ {]my-am\x I

Bm ssh kh-tZ-ln\mw I
itcm `K-hm-\mtZym I
cc kIemx {]Pmx II

\nXym-\tm \nhn-Ievt]m \ncmJyx I

ANny in `K-hm Kncoix I
kzmhn-Zybm Iev]n-X-am\ `qanx I

atl-i z-c kXy-k z-c q-]\pw \nXy\pw kh-kmCs\ ]e a{- -fm {]mn-- tm BZn-`- K-hm- nbpw \nXym-\ kzcq-]nbpw \nhn-I-ev]\pw A\nh\mb i-c B-cq-]-n Fm {]P-I-sfbpw cnp. N-\ o-b -\ p-a m-W v. At-l - ns in- - h -k m-\ -a n- .
Am\w sImmWv \mw At-l-ns m\m-Zn- Isf
16. bZv ]mZmw-t`m-cp-l-Zzzw I
k-ev]n-p-- Xv.

arKytX hnjvWp\m kl I
kvXpXym, kvXpXyw atl-im\
ahmMv am\k tKmNcw I

17. `ym \{a-X-t\m hnjvtWmx I

{]kmZ aI-tcm-Zzn`px I
btXm hmNm \nht I
A{]m]y a\km kl I
B\w {_tWm hnZzm I
\ _nt`Xn IZm-N\
hmWnpw a\-n\pw AtKm-N-c\pw khYm khhn-[-n-ep kvXpXn-Ipw Al\pw hnjvWp-hn\p
t]mepw ]mZ Iae {]m]vXnv B{Klw tNp--h\pw
Bb `K-hm atl-iz-c `n- tbmsS \a-kvI-cn hnjvWphn {]k--\mbn GsXm-ns\ {]m]n-msX hmv a\tmSp IqSn aS-p-pthm B {_-s-n Adn--h
Hcn-epw `b-s-Sp-n-.

21. AXn-tam-l-Ico ambm I

aa hnjvtWm kp{hX I
Xky ]mZmw-_pP [y\m
pkvXcm kpXcm `thXv II
kp{h-X, At-l
- ns amb Fsbpw hnjvWp-hns\bpw tamln-n-p--Xm-Wv. AXns\ XcWw sNpI
km[y-as-nepw At-l-ns ]mZ- [ym\n-m
AXns\ kpK-a-ambn XcWw sNm Ign-bp--Xm-Wv.

22.

hnjvWp hniz-P-K-tZym\nx I
kzmwi-`qssXx kzssIx kl I
aamw-ik
- w-`thm `qXzm I
]me-b-Xy-Jnew PKXv II

kakvX {]mWn-I-tfbpw krn-p hnjvWp kzmiam-Ip Pohn-It- fm-sSmw Fs Awi-n \np XsbmWv D-hn-p-Xpw hniz-]c
- n-]m-e\w sNp--Xpw.

767

I 23.

hn\miw ImetXm bmXn I

28. ambm-h-im-tZ-h-tZhm I

XtXm-\yXv kIew arjm I

tamlnXm aa-Xm-Zn`nx I

Hmw Xkvssa alm-{Km-kmb I

Xky alm-y-te-imwiw I

alm-tZ-hmb iqent\ I

hpw tI\m]y iIytX II

at\m-l-cmb arUmb I
Xkvssa cp{Zmb \tam f kvXp
khpw Ime-{I-taW \in-p- p. Cu {]]w anYybm-Wv. AXn-\m kI-eXpw {Kkn-p--h\pw iqe-[mcnbpw alm-tZ-h\pw atl-{i\pw Ir]m-hm-cn-[n-bp-amb cp{Z\v
\a- kI
v m-cw.

24. GtIm-hn-jvWpa-l-Zv`pXw I
]rYIv `qXm-\y-t\-Iix I
{Xo temIm hym]y `qXmm I
`pvtX hniz-Zr-K-hybx II
Fm krn-bnepw hnjvWp Fm-n\npw `n-\mWv. Atlw kh-`q-X--fp-sSbpw Dn Xs hym]nn-cpp sImv kIe t`mK- fpw A\p-`h
- n-p-p.
Fnepw Ahy-b-\m-Ip-p.

25. NXp`n NXp`n I

Zzm`ymw ]-`n-tch Nx I
lpbtX N ]p\Zzm`ymw I
k ta hnjvWpx {]ko-ZXp
GsXmcp hnjvWp `K- hm- \mtWm \mepw Fpw Apw
Blp-Xn-I sImS-pXv B hnjvWp Fn {]k-\m-bn-cn- -s.

26. {_mWw {_-lhnx I

{_mu {_Wm lpXw I
{_ssh ic`x kmmXv tamtZm f bw
alm-apt\
An- p lhnv {_w Xs. AXv {_-am- Ip
Imhp aptJ\ {_-am-Ip An-bm tlman--sSp-p. CXpw {_w Xs AXp-sImv kam-[n--\mb
tbmKnv {_s Xs-bmWv {]m]n-m-\p-- Xv.

27. icm Pohm-kvX-Zw-tijp I

`mXn \nXyw lcnx kzbw I
{_th ic`m kmmXv I
tamtZm f bw alm-apt\
Poh Xs icw. AXn `K-hm lcn \nXyhpw
{]Im-i-am-\-am-bn-cn-p-p. {_w Xs- bmWv ic-`w. AXv
kmm tamw {]Zm\w sNp--Xm-W.v

BcpsS ambm {]`m-h-m-emtWm tZh-m t]mepw

aaXm tamln-X-cm-bn-cn-p-Xv A-s\-bp B tZhs
aln-a-bpsS Hcwiw t]mepw ]d-hm Bpw iIy-a-.

29. ]cmXv ]c-Xcw {_ I

bXv ]cmXv ]ctXm lcnx I
]cmXv ]c-Xtcm loix I
XkvamXv Xpteym-[ntIm \ln
]cm-Xv]-c- am-bnp-Xv {_hpw AXn\p ]c- am-bn-p- Xv
hnjvWphpw AXnepw ]c-am-bXv Cuiz-c-\p-amWv At-lt-m hen-b-ht\m kat\m Bbn Bcp-an-.

30. GI Gh inthm \nXyx I

XtXm f \yXv kIew arjm I
XkvamXv khm ]cn-XyPy I
t[ybmXv hnjvWzm-Zn-Im kpcm
31. inh Gh kZm tybx I
kh-kw-kmc tamNIx I
Xkvssa alm {Kkmb atl-iz-cmb \ax
\nXy- \m-bn- p-Xv Htc Hcp inh Xs. ap- - sXmw
anYy-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm-m-Wv. hnjvWp XpS-nb kakvX
tZh-m-scbpw XyPnv kwkmc tamN-I\
- mb At-ls
[ym\n- t - Xv . kh- k w- l m- c - I - \ mb atl- i z- c \v
\a- kI
v m-cw.

32. ss]-emZw alm-imkv{Xw I

\ tZbw bky Iky-NnXv I
\mkvXn-Imb IrX-Lv\mb I
Zphr-mb Zpcm-t\ II
33. Zmw`n-Imb \riw-kmb I
iTm-bm-\rX `mjnsW I
kp{h-X mb kp`- mb
kphr-mb kpio-ent\ II
34. Kpcp-`-mb Zmmb I
immb EPp tNXtk I
inh-`-mb ZmXhyw I
{_ Itm [oatX II

768

I 35. kz`-m-ssbh ZmXhy

aIr-X-Lv\mb kp{hX I
\ ZmXhyw kZm tKm]yw I
bXvt\-ss\h ZzntPm-a I
ss]-em-Za
- -ljnv e`n Cu atlm imkv{Xw
Bpw sImSp--cp-Xv. \mkvXn-I, IrX-Lv\, Zphr Zpcm-mhv Zmw`n-I, \riw-k, iT Ak-Xy-hmZn
Fn-hv Hcn- epw sImSp- -c psX {hX-[ m-c nbpw
bYm `\pw ip-{h-X\pw kpio-e\pw Kpcp-`-\pw
ia-Z-a-hm\pw [mn-I\pw inh-`-\pw {_-I \ncX\pw `\pw IrX-Lv\-\-m--h\pw Bb hynv Cu
imkv{Xw \I-Ww. Cu KpW--fp Bscbpw Inn-bns-n Bpw sImSp-msX kqn-p--XmWpNnXw.

36. GXXv ss]-emZw alm-imkv{Xw tbm f [ntX

{imh-tbXv ZznPx k P-a-c-tW-t`ym-aptm `hXn
tbm Pm\otXm tkm f arXXzw N KXn K`hm-km-Zzn-aptm `h-Xn. kzkvtX bmXv ]ptXm`-h-Xn. {_ lXymXv ]qtXm `h-Xn. Kpcp-Xe
- v]-K-a\mXv ]qtXm `h-Xn. k khm thZm A[n-tXm-

`-h-Xn. k khm tZhm [ymtXm `h-Xn. kkakvX ]mX-tIm-]-]m-X-ImXv ]qtXm `h-Xn. Xkvam-Zhn-ap--am-{intXm `h-Xn. k kXXw inh-{]ntbm
`h- X n. k inh- k m- b qPy taXn \ k ]p\- c mhtX \ k ]p\ cmhtX {_h `h-Xn.
CXyml `K-hm {_t-Xyp-]-\n-j-Xv.

ss]-em-Zs\ kw_-n-p Cu alm-imkv{Xw

kzbw ]Tn-p--h\pw ap--hsc tIn-p-Ibpw sNp-h P\-\-a-c-W-n \nv tamN\w t\Sp-p. CX-dn-bp-h AarXzw {]m]n-p-p. Ah\v ]p\P--an-. aZy]m-\nbpw kphW-tNm-c\pw {_-lXy Kpcp-X-ev]-Ka
-
XpS-nb alm-]m-]--fn \np t]mepw tamN\w e`n-pp. kh-th-Z-fpw A`y-kn ^ew Inp-p. kh-tZ-hm-scbpw [ym\n-m-ep ]pWyw Inp-p. kI-e-]m-X-I-fn \npw D]-]m-X-I--fn \npw ap-\m-Ip-p.
Cs\ ap-\m-bn-ov inh-{]n- b-\mbn inh- km-bqPyw
t\Sp- p. Ah\v ]p\- cm-K-a-\-an- . Ah {_w Xs Bbno- cp-p. {_mhv Cs\ D]-tZ- in-p. ChnsS D]-\n- jv
Ah-km- \n-p-p.
ic-t`m-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.-

imSym-b-\o-tbm-]-\n-jv

imn-]mTw
Hmw. ]q-aZx ]q anZw. ]qmXv ]qap-Z-Ny-tX. ]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]q-tahm
hin-j ytX
Cu ]c-{_w ]q-am-Wv. Cu {]]-hpw ]qam-Wv. ]q {_-n \nv ]q {]]--ap-m-Ipp. ]q-n \nv ]qs FSp-p- mepw
]qw Xs Ah- ti- jn-p- p. Hmw imnx imnx imnx

1. lcn Hmw
a\ Gh a\p-jymWw
ImcWw _-tam-tbmx
_mb hnj-bm-kw
apssy \nhn-jbw kvarXw

2. kam-kw kZm Nnw

Ptmhn-jb tKmNtc
btZyhw {_Wn kyXv
tIm \ aptNyX _-\mXv
3. Nn-tah ln kwkmc
kvXXv {]bXvt\ tim[-tbXv
bn--kvX-tbm `mXn
Kply-ta-XXv k\m-X\w
4. \m thZ-hn--\ptX Xw _rlw
\m{_--hnXv ]caw ss{]Xn [ma
hnjvWp {Imw hmkp-tZhw hnPm-\
hnt{]m hn{]Xzw KtX Xz Zio.

769

a\p-jy-cpsS _-\-n\pw tam-n\pw ImcWw 10. {Xn Zw sshjvWhw enwKw

a\-p-X -s-b m-W v. hnj-bm-k - -amb a\v _-\ hn{]mWw an km[\w
n\pw hnj-bh
- n-ap-J-amb a\v tam-n\pw Imc-W\nhmWw kh-[mmWm
am-I p- p. hnjbmk a\p {_m-k - -a m-b m
anXn thZ-\p-im-k\w
BcmWv kwkm-c-nse P-arXyp Pcm-Zn-I-fn \nv
tamN\w t\Sm-Xn-c n-pI? Fmhcpw A`ym-k-m
{XnZ-w, D]-ho-Xw, Iu]o-\w, inIyw, ]hn{Xw Ch
Nnw {_- n ebn-n- m a\pjy {_-a- b-\m-Ipw. Pohn-X- Imew apgp-h\pw [cn--Ww. Ch Apw k\ym-knCu XXzw cl-kyhpw k\m-X-\-hp-am-W.v
I-fpsS {_-am-{X-I-fm-W.v Hcn-epw Ch ssIsh-Sn-b-cp-Xv.
thZ-XXzw {Kln-m--h\v AXv al-m-bn-cn-p-I-bn- tZl-Xym-K-tm-sSmw Ah ico-c- tm- sSmw Ipgn-n-S-Ww.
. Ah AXns\ AwKo-I-cn- n-. {_-m\ lo\ Cu hn]v^p-enwKw hym-hy kzcq-]-n cp hn[]c-ahpw kzbw {]Im-i-hp-amb [mas {]m]n-p-n-. ap-v. GsX-nepw Hp-t]-n-mepw k\ymkn ]XnXXXz-Zinbpw hnth-Zn-bp-amb {_-m\n hym]-I\pw \mIpw sshjvWhenw-K-sap ]dd-bp {XnZw {_mkh-\pw khm-- Zym-an-bp-amb hmkp-tZ-hs\ kzkz- Wv apn km[-\-am-W.v CXv thZm-\p- im-k-\hpw \nhmW-kz- cq-]-hp-am-Wv.
cq-]-n Adnv Poh-pn t\Sp-p.

5.

AYml bXv]cw {_ k\m-X\w

tb t{i{Xnbm AIm-a-lXmx A[obpx
imtm Zmx D]-c-X-kvXn-Xnjp
tbm\q-Nmt\m ly`nP u kam\x

6.

Xyt-j-t Wm-ly-\r-WkvXw hnZnXzm

au\n \nh-tk-Zm-{ita b{X-Ip{X
bYm-{iaw Nmacw kw{]-hniy
btYm-]-]ow ]-am{Xmw Z[m\x

11. AY Jep tkmay IpSo- N tIm _lp- Z tIm

lwkx ]c-a-l wkx CtXytX ]cn-{hm-PIm Xp
hn[m `hnx kh GtX hnjvWp enwKn\x inJnt\m-]-ho-Xn\x ip-Nnm Bm-\-am-\m {_
`mh-b x ip Nn{Zq-t]m-] m-k \m cXmx P]-b -ahtm \nb-a-hx kpio-en\x ]pWy tmImx `hn. XtZX ZpNm-hypm IpSo-NtIm _lp-Z-I
- m]n
lwk ]c-a-lwk CXn hrXym N `nmx kh GtX
hnjvWp enwKw Z[m\m hyXym-hyw _ln-c-
\nXyw

]ns Ima-hn- ap-cpw k\-Im-Zn-I-sf- tmse ]c-{_ 12. ]-bm thZ incx {]hnmx
kzcq-]-m-\n-I-fp-amb thZ--mcpw {_-kz-cq-]-am-bn{Inbm-]-tm]o kwKXm {_ hnZymw
s `hn-p-p. A-s\-bp imcpw Zmcpw PntXXyzm hr-aqew {inXmk
{n-bcpw hnjb kwXr-]X
v cpw ]cm-Mvap-Jcpw ]c-{_-s
k\y-kvX]
- pjzm ck-ta-hmiv\p hm\x
Adn-bp-p. Ah aqp hn[-n-ep EW--fn \npw
hnjvWp {IoUm hnjvWp cXtbm hnapm
ap-cmbn {_s Adnv au\-bp--cmbn B{i-a-fn hkn-p-p. Ah An-a-amb k\ym-km-{i-a-n
hnjvWzm-I hnjvWp-ta-hm]n bn
{]th-inv D]-]-n-b\p {Xn ZmZn ]-am-{X- I [cnv
kuaym, IpSo-N-I _lp-Z-I lwk ]c-a-lw-k
tamw {]m]n-p-p.
Cs\ k\ym-kn-am \mep-hn-[-n-ep-v. Ah-scmw
7. {XnZ--ap-]-hoXw N
hnjvWp enwK-[m-cn-Ifpw inJbpw btm-]-ho-Xhpw [cnp--hcpw hnip am\kpw {_-`m-h-\-tbmsS Nn{Zq-t]mhmkx Iu]o\ th\w
kzm-kI
- cpw cq]w bmaw Fnh A\p-jvTn-p--hcpw
inIyw ]hn-{X-an-tXy-XZv
\nba ioe-mcpw Da kz`m-hn-Ifpw hnime Ion- amZznZr-bm-Zymh Zmbpj
m-cp-am-Wv. CXns\ kw_-n Ep-I-fp-v. IpSo-N-I
_lp-Z- I lwk ]c-a-lw-k Fn-h Ah-cpsS `n8. ]t-XmkvXp btX am{Xm
hr-n- I-fm \mep hn[-am-Wv. Fm-hcpw hym-hy-hpw
kvXm am{Xm {_tW {ipXm
_mlym-`y-c cq]-hp-amb hnjvWp enwKw [cn-p-p. Ch\ XytP-Zym-hqXv {Imn
scmw ]-bm- n- I-mcpw (P-]w, tlmaw, X]-v, kzm[ymcty]n \nJ-t\Xv kl
bw, m\w) D]-\n-jXv m\n-Ifpw kz[m-\p-Iqe
hrn-Ifpw {_-hn-Zysb Bi3-bn-p--h-cp-am-Ip- p.
9. hnjvWp enwKw Zzn[m t{]mw
Ch kwkm-c-hrw Dt]-nv AXns aqe-`m-K-amb
hya hy tah N
{_s B{i- bn-p-p. I-Imw hnv kmc- `q-X-amb
Xtbm tcI aln Xyzm
XXzw t\Sp--hcpw BWv. Ch _mly-{IoUn shSnp.

]X-tXyh \ kwibx

770

I hnjvWp-hn-t\m-Sp-IqSn {IoUn-p-p. Poh-p--cmb Ch

19. AY Jep tkmssaytX ]cn- { hm- P I bYm

hnjvWp Xs. Ah-cpsS Bmhv hnjvWp-[ym-\-\n-c-X-ambn {]mZp `h-n XYm `h-n... Ima-t{Im[ tem`-tamIrX- Ir-Xy-ambn hn- p-p.
l-`w-`-Z-kq-bm-a-a-Xzm-lw-Im-cm-ZnwkvXn Xocy-am-\mh-am\u \nm kpXpXo N hP-bnXzm hr Ch
13. {Xnkyw inXx kv\m\w
XnjvTm-tk-Xv. OnZy-amt\m \ {_qbmXv XssZhw
XWw amP\w XYm
hnZzmwkx Cssl-h m-a rXm `h- n. XtZ Xar- N mD]-m\w ]-b-m
]ypw _p-an-{X-a-\p-tam-Z-bnXzm \th-p-amtWm
Ipcym-Zm-a- c-W m- nIw
Zzz-klx {]im-Xx {]mNo-ap-ZnNow hm \nhbw tcXv.
14. Zi`nx {]Wsshx k]vX
hymlr-Xn`nx iN-Xp-Zm
Kmb-{Xo-P -] -b-
{Xnkyw inckm kl
15. tbmK-bx kssZ-Im{Ky
`ym tkhm ltcKptcmx
Alnwtkm Xp Xt]m-btm
hmMva\x Imb-I`nx
aqp ky- I-fnepw kv\m\w XWw am\w D]m-\w ]-bw Fnh Xo-bmbpw sN-Ww.
]v Hmw Imcw Ggp hymlr-Xn-I klnXw NXpjv] Zm
Kmb{Xn P]-bw sN-Ww. Ftmgpw GIm{K a\-mbn
`n-tbmsS tbmK--\mb `K-hm-s\bpw Kpcp-hn-s\bpw
tkhn--Ww. a\km hmNm IWm Alnw-k-bm-Ip
Xt]m-bw sN-Ww.

16. \mt\m ]\nj Z`ymkx

kzm[ymbw b CucnXx
Hman-Xym-m\ a]ymt{Km
{_-Wyku qtlmXn bXv
17. m\-bx khn-tbx
kh-b -tm- -tam-ax
m\ Zmx m\ inJm
m\ btm ]ho-\nXx
18. inJm m\-abn bky D]-hoXw N Xbw
{_Wyw kIew Xky
CXn thZm\p imk\w

kuam Cu k\ym-kn-am Imaw, t{Im[w tem`w,

tamlw, `w`w, Zw, Akq-b, aa-X, Al-mcw Fn-hsb
XcWw sNbvXv am\w, Ah-am\w \n {]iwk Fnh
ssIhnv hr- s-tmse \ne-sIm-p-p. C-s\-bp
m\n-I Cu temI-n Xs Poh-p--cmb hntZl-m-scv ]d-b-s-Sp-p. kpJZpxJmZn-I klnv imcmbn Ingpw hSpw Znp-I-fn kzmm-\p-cq-]s
A\p-im-k\w sNbvXv \nte-]-m-cmbn Ah ]cy-S\w
sNp- p.

20. ]m{Xo Zo bpK-am-{Xm-]t- emIo

inJo apo tNm]-hoXo IpSpw_o
bm{Xm-am{Xw {]Xn-Kr-lvW a\p-jymXv
Abm-NnXw bmNnXw hmY ss`yw
]m{X- hpw Zhpw [cnv Hcp \pI- mSv AIse am{Xw
t\mn PSm-[m-cn-Ifpw apn-Xcpw D]-ho-Xn-Ifpw icocw
am{Xw IpSpw-_-am-n-bnv D-h-cp-ambn Ah k-cnp {]mW \ne-\nm thXp am{Xw a\p-jy- cn
\nv `n-bmbn hmmw.

21. armh-em-_q-^-e-] ]m{Xw

oWw uaw XrWw Im-Pn-t\N
]q-am-m-Z\w kymZ-lXw hm hnapx
22. EXp-ku ap-tb---am{Xw
\mt[m \mw PmXp inJmw \ hm]-tbXv
NXptcm amkm\ {[ph ioeXx
kymXv k bmhXv kp]vtXm
A-cmm ]pcptjm hniz-cq]x

kzm[ymbw Fp ]d-bp-Xv Fm D]-\n-j-p--fpsSbpw A`ym- k- am-Wv. Hmw Fp--cn- p- sImv {_m- nsb 23. AXym-\-Ymu ]p\-cp-ntX f kv an
Bm-lpXn sNp-p. AXv D-tam--a-amb m\-bkz I-en-]vkp hnl-tcZzm htkZzm
-am-W.v Ch-bpsS m\-amWv Zw. m\w Xs
tZhm-y-Kmtc Xpcp-aqte Kplmbmw
inJ; m\w sX btm-]-hoXw; m\-ab knJmhtk-Zkw tKm f enX ioe-hrx
bp-\pw m\-a-b-bt- m-]-Po-hn-bp-amb hyn-bpsS
kh hkvXp-fpw {_-kz-cq-]-sav thZw A\p-im-kn- 24. A\n-t\m tPymXn-cnthm ] imtm
p-p.

\ tNmZzn-tP-Zpn tPZy-{X-Ip{X

771

I 25. Bm\w tNZzn-Pm-\obm

Zb-a-kvaoXn ]qcpjx
Iman- IkyIm amb ico-c-a\p kwPz-tcXv
26. Xtah [otcm hnmb
{]mw IphoX {_mWx
\m\p-[ym-bmZv _lp i_vZm
hmtNm hnm-]\w ln XXv
a]m{Xw, ac-m- {Xw, Npc-bv, Iph-f-n Imbv Chbn-semtm Ce- Xp- n-bp-m-nb ]m{Xtam GXp Inptm
AXv ssIsm-mw. InSvII
- m ac-hp-cn-bm-I-Ww. ]psImv Xo I, Ce-sIm-p ]pXv Ch BImw.
IpSn- NI
- Xe ap\w sNt-. EXp-k-n-I -fn
lwk-mv ucw sNn-mw. NmXpam-k-Im-ev Htc
m-\v Ign-bW
- w. `K-hm hnjvWp \n{Z-C \nv
DW-Xn-\p-tijw hopw I--f-\p-jT
v nv Ahn-sSs hkn- p- Itbm ap m\- tXSp- Itbm sNmw.
tZhm-e-b-ntem hr- aq-e-I-fntem Kpl-bntem hkn-pXv D-aw. AhnsS \nw-K-\mbn P\-kw-k cln-X\mbn hnd-In-m An-t]mse {]im-- \mbn BtcmSpw
tm`-an-msX Ign-b-Ww. Xs Bmhv {_- cq]w Xsbm-sW--dnp Ign-m Fp-Im-Wn-mWv ico-c-t]mj-Ww. [oc-\mb {_-m\n {_s Xncn-d- nv
AXn Xs _pnsb GIm-{K-am--Ww. i_vZm-Uw-_-cn apgp-I-cp-X.v Fs- m AsXmw shdpw hmNm-tSm]-am- W.v

27. _mteym-ss\h ln XnjvWtk

nhnZy {_-th-Z\w
{_-hnZym N _mevbw N
\nhnZy ap\n-cm--hm
28. bZm kth {]ap-Nyt
Imamx tbky lrZn-{XnXmw
AY atym f artXm `h
Xy{X {_ ka-iv\ptX

khkvam temImXv {]NyptXm `hXn XtZ-X-Zr-Nm`ypw

kuaym, kzIo-b-amb k\ym-k-[w Dt]-n-p

Cu ss\jvTn-I hoc-l-mhpw {_-l-mhpw {`qW-lmhpw amlm-]m-X-Inv Xpey-\p-am-Ip-p. Cu sshjvWhn-\njvT ssIsh-Sn-bp-\z I\pw Kpcp Xev]-Km-anbpw
an{X- t{Zm-lnbpw IrX-Lv\\pw BIp-p. Ah Fm temIn \npw {`-\mbn At[m- KXn {]m]n- p-p. AXns\
kw_-n-p Ep-I

30. kvtX\x kpcmt]m Kpcp-Xe

- v]-Kmao
an{X-{[q-tKtX \njvIr-tX bmn ipow
hy-a-hyw hm hn[rXw hnjvWp-enwKw
IrX-P iptym ZJn-sse-cm--`mkm
31. Xyzm hnjvtWmenw-K-a-_-lnhm
bx kzm{iaw tkhtX \m{iaw hm {]Xym-]nw
`PtXm f ]mXn aqtVm
ss\jmw KXn; Iev]-tIm-Sym]n Zrx
32. Xyzm khm-{i-am [otcm
htk-tm-m-{ita Nncw
tamm-{i-amXv ]cn-{`tm
\ KXn kvXky hnZytX
{]mb-nw sNbvXm I-m aZy-]m-\n-I KpcpX- ev]-Km- an- I an{X- t{Zm- ln- I Chv ]m]- ap--cm-Im Ignbpw. Fm k\ymkn {Xn]p-{km-Zn-I Dt]-n-m Hcp
hn[-nepw ]cn-ip--\m-hp-I-bn-. B`y-- chpw _mly-hpamb hnjvWp enwKw ssIsh-Snv kzw B{i-a-n
nXn- sN- p-Itbm B{iaw ]cn- Xy- Pn- p-Itbm sNp- -h
B]-n s]Spw. Ahv A\ Imew hscbpw kXvKXn-bp- m-hn-. [oc khm-{i-a--fp-ap-t]- nv tamm-{ia- n hkn- -Ww. tam-m{ian \nv {`- \m-bn-tmbm ]ns- b-h\v Hcp taK- Xnbpw Dm-Ip-n-.

33. ]mcn-{hmPyw irlnXzm Xp

sshcm-Ky-n Dd-n-cn-m B{K-ln--Ww. {_bx kz[t \ XnjvTXn
a-msX asm-p-an-sp a\-n-em-n, {_s Xncn-NypX-am-cp-V-NypXw hnZym
dnv sshcm- Ky-tmsS Bm-cm- h-\m- h-Ww. lrZ- b-nse
ZnXn thZm-\p-im-k\w
hmk-\-I-sfmw ian-p-tm acW [-tmSp IqSn-bh-\m-sW-nepw a\p-jy arXyp-lo-\-\mbn {_m-\w
A\p-`- hn- p-p.

29. AY Jep tkmtayZw ]cn-{hPyw ss\jvTnI

am-[w tbm hnP-lmXn k hoclm `h-Xn. k
{_lm `h-Xn. k {`qWlm `h-Xn. k alm-]mXIo `h-Xn. b Camw hnjvWphow \njvTmw ]cn-XyPXn kkvtXt\m `h-Xn. k Kpcp-Xe
- v]tIm `h-Xn.
k an{X- { [pKv `h- X n. k IrXv L v t \m `h- X n.

34. AY Jep tkmt\y\w k\m-X-\-am [w

sshjvWhow \njvTmw e_v[zm bkvXm-a-Zq-j-b
htX k `hXn k ]pWy-tmtIm `h-Xn. k
temItm `h-Xn. kth-Zm tm `hXn k
{_tm `h- X n. k khtm `h-X n. k
kzcmUv `h-Xn. k ]cw {_ `K-h am]vt\mXn
k ]nXr kw_-nt\m _m-hm kplr-tZman-{Xm-WnN `hm-Zp-m-c-bXn XtZ-X-Zr-Nm-`ypw

772

Akq-b-Im-bm-\ r-Pt] iTmb

k\ymk kzoI-cn-W-n\p tijw kz [-n
\nv NypXn h-h Bcp-V-Nyp-X AXm-bXv ]mX-In-bmam am {_qbm hocy-hXo XYm kymw
sWv [cn--W-sav thZw A\p-im-kn-p-p. ImcWw
Ah {`-\m-b n. k\m-X-\-amb Cu B-[ s 40. btah hnZym-{ipX a{]-aw
ta[m-hn\w {_-Nt- cym-]w
hnjvWp-hns\ kw_-n-p \njvTsb {]m]n-X
- n-\ptijw AXns\ Zpjn- n- msX nc- Nn- - \m- bn- cn- p- -h
Akvam Cam-ap-]-k
- mb kayIv
PntX-{n- b\pw hnim-e-Io- am\pw {_-m-\nbpw kh]coy ZZzm-ssZz-jvW-ho-am--\njvTmw
\pw kzbw {]Im-i- \p-am- bn-ov ]c-{_- s {]m]np-p. Ah ]nXr--tfbpw _p--sfbpw kplr-p- 41. A[ym-]n-Xmtb Kpcpw \n{Zn-bt
hn{]m hmNm a\km IWm hm
-sfbpw kvt\ln- X-m- scbpw kwkmc kmK-c-n \nv
Ic-tb-p-p. CXns\ kw_-np Ep-I Dv.
bssYh tX\ \ Kpcp t`mP-\ob kvXssYh
35. iXw Ipem\mw {]Yaw _`qh
XYm-]-cmWmw {XniXw ka{Kw
GtX `h-n kpIr-Xky temtI
tbjmw Ipte k\y-kX
- ol hnZzm
36. {XnwiXv ]cmw-kv{Xnw-iXv ]cmw
{Xnwi ]cXx ]cm
D-cb
- Xn [njvTx
]cn-{hm-UnXn ssh {ipXnx
37. kw\y-kvXa
- nXn tbm {_qbmXv
IWvTm {]mW-hm-\]n
XmcnXmx ]nXc kvtX\
CXn thZm\p imk\w

Nmw \ `q\n {ipXw XXv

{_m-Ws\ kao-]nv hnZy Cs\ ]d-p. tl,
{_m-W, Fs cn-p-I, Rm \ns \n[n-bm-Wv.
Akq-b-m-c\pw IpSn-e\pw [q\pw aT-b-\p-am-b-h
Fs D]-tZ-in--cp-Xv. A-s\-bm-bmte Rm hocy-a-Xnbm- Iq. ]cn-ip-\pw A{]- a-\pw {im-ephpw ta[m-hnbpw
{_-Nm-cn-bp-sav t_m[yw h-h\pw Pnm-kp-hp-amb
Hcp-h\v \-Xp-t]mse ]co-n--Xn\p tijw B-X-Xz-{]t_m-[-I-amb Cu sshjvW-ho-hn-Zysb D]-tZ-in-p-I.
hnZym-`ym-k-n-\p-tijw a\km hmNm IWm Kpcp P\sf BZ-cn-m--hc
- p-sSbpw Blmcw \ B{K-ln-m-h ssIsmm-dn-. AXp-t]mse Xs- b-Xnbpw IrXLv\s honse `Ww B{K- ln- p- n Fv {ipXn ]dbp-p.

42. Kpcp-tch ]tcm [tm

GXp Ipe-ns] m\n-bmtWm k\ymkw

Kpcp-tch ]cm KXnx
kzoI-cn- p- -Xv, B k\ym-knp app \qdpw tij- ap
aqqdpw Ipe- IrXym- cmbn `hn-p-p. kw\ymkn
GIm-c {]Zm-Xmcw
ap-Xn ]cw AXnepw D]-cn-bmbn aqp hwi-P-m-scbpw
tbm Kpcpw \m`n-\
- Xn
XcWw sNn-p-p-sh-mWv thZmww ]d-bp--Xv. acnbky {ipXw XYm m\w
m-\mbn InS-p L-nepw Rm kw\ymkw kzoI{kh-Xym-a -L-S mw-_p-h Xv
cnp Fp ]d-bp--h ]nXr-sf Ac IS-p-sa
thZw ]d-bp-p.
43. Xky tZth ]cm-`-n

38. AY-Jep tkm tayaw k\m-X\

- -am [w
sshjvW how \njvTmw \mk- am]y {]{_q-b m- X v.
\m\q-Nm-\mb \m\m--hntZ \mhoX cmKmb \mhnip-mb \m\p-]-k-mb \m{]-b-X-am-\-km-tbXn l
kvamlpx ZtZ-XZ- r-Nm-Zypw
kuaym, k\m-X-\-amb Cu B-[-s, hnjvWphns\ kw_-n-p \njvTsb \-Xp-t]mse kzbw BNcn-msX Bpw D]- tZ-in--cp-X.v thZ-X-z \m-h\pw B-t_m-[-c-ln-X\pw hoX-cm-K-\-m--h\pw Aip-Nn-\pw Ahn-\o-X\pw Pnm-kp-J-a-m--h\pw D]tZ-in--cp-Xv. CXv kqNn-n-p Ep-I

39. hnZym l ssh {_m-Wa

- m-P-Kma
tKm]m-bamw tih-[njvtT f lakvan

bYm tZth XYm Kpcu

k {_-hnXv ]cw t{]bm
ZnXn thZm\p imk\w
CXyp-]-\ n- j-Xv .
Kpcp-X-s- ]c-a-amb [amWv. Kpcp Xs- bmWv ]camb KXn. Hc-cw am{Xw ]Tn-n h\v#m-bmepw B Kpcphn- s\-tmepw BZ-cn-m--h ]Tn- Xpw Ahs X]pw
Ahs m\hpw ]-aI-e-nse shw t]mse
\mi-a-S-bp-p. tZh-m-cnepw Kpcp-hnepw `n-bp {_m\n ]c-a-]Zw {]m]n- pp Fv D]- \n- j- p- I hyam-p-p.
imSym-b-\otbm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

773

I
1

imnteym-]-\n-jv

imn ]mTw
H mw `{Z It`nx irWpbma tZhm `{Zw
]tiyam`ncyP{Xm nssccwssK kvX pjv T p
hmwkkv X \q`n hytia tZhlnXw bZmbpx
kzkvX n \]qjmhniz thZmx kzkvX n \kvX m
tym AcnjvTt\anx kzkvXn t\m _rlkv]XnZ
[mXp Hmw imnx imnx imnx
tZhmsc, R ImXpI sImv \XptIpamdmItW. IpI sImv \Xv ImWm\nShctW.
kpZrVfmb AwK sImpw tZlw sImpw
\nsf kvXpXnm CShctW. ZtPhm Rv
\nbnnp Bbp p apgph\pw A\p`hn p
\mdmItW. Ionimenbmb C{ Rv \
ssIhcptW. kh\mb ]qjmhv Rv \
hnXdtW. A{]Xntcm[yKXnbmb KcpU Rv
awKfw \Is. Hmw imnx imnx imnx

Hmw Aymbw
imWv U nteym l hm AYhmWmw ]{]
Bmemt`m]mb `qXajv Smw ltbmKa\p{_q
loXn. ktlmhmN AY hm ba\n bamk\
{]mWmbma {]Xymlmc [mcWm [ym\ kam
[tbmjvSmwKm \n { Zi bamx XYm \nbamx
XYm \nbamx Bk\m\yjvSu {Xnx {]mWmbmamx
] {]Xymlmcm XYm [mcWm Zzn {]Imcw [ym\w
kam[nkvXp GI cq]x X{X Alnwkm kvtXb
kXy {_NcyZbm P]am [rXn hnXmlmc
iuNm\n tNXn bamx Zi X{X lnwkm \ma
at\mhmmb Ia`nx `qXlnXbYmm`mjWw
AkvtXbw \ma at\mhmmb Ia`nx ]c{_
thyjp \nkv ] rlXm {_Ncyw \ma khm
h mk p at\ mh m mb I `nx k h {X
s s aY p \ X y mK x Z bm \ m ak h `qt X j p x
kh{Xm\p{Kl Bhw \ma at\mhmmb
IaWmw hnlnXmhnlntXjp Pt\jp {]hru
\ nh r u h m G I c q] X zw am \ ma
{]nbm{]ntbjp kthjp XmU\ ]qPt\jp
kl\w [rXn \ma A lm\u tkzjvS _p
hntbmtK XXv {]m]vXu kh{X tNX]m\w
\ nX ml mtc m \ ma N X p mwi mh ti j I
kpkv \ nKv a[pcmlmcx iuNw \mw Zznhn[w
_mly amcw tNXn X{X arem`ymw _mlyw

K
3

a\x ipncmcw XZ[ym hnZyme`yw AY

hap\ntbmSv imWvUney tNmZnp.
Bemt`m]mb cq]amb AjvSmwKtbmKsn
F\nv ]dp XcWw. AXp tIv AYhm ap\n ]d
p. baw, \nbaw, Bk\w, {]mWmbmaw, {]Xymlmcw,
[mcW, [ym\w, kam[n Fo FsamWv tbmKmwK
. Chbn bahpw \nbahpw ]p hoXamWv.
Bk\w Fv , {]mWmbmaw aqv, {]Xymlmcw Av,
[mcW Av, [ym\w cphn[w, kam[n Hv am{Xw,
Chbn Alnwk, kXyw, AkvtXbw, {_Ncyw, Zb,
kmcPyw, a, ss[cyw, anXmlmcw, ]cnipn, Cs\
baw ]p hn[w. AlnwkbpsS Aw at\mhmm
bfmepw Iw sImpw Hcp PohnIsfbpw Hcnepw
ZpxJnnmXncnpIsbXmWv. kXyw FXns
Aw a\km hmNm IWm, ]c{Zhyn \nkv]r
l\mIpIbmWv. {_Ncysam Fm ]cnXnI
fnepw at\mhmfmepw icocw sImp Fmhn[
nep ssaYp\ ]cnXymKamWv. Zb Fm kh{]m
WnItfmSpw Ir]bpmbncnpXmWv. BhsaXv
at\mhmmb Ifm BfpI icnbmtbm sXmb
{]hnmepw Xpey`mhtmsS CcnpsbXmWv.
asbm {]bamtbm A{]nbamtbm ]dbpItbm
]qPnpItbm XmUnpItbm sNbvXmepw klnp
XmWv . krXnbmIs [\\jv S w kw`hnpItbm
_pfpsS kwtbmKtam hntbmKtam DmhpItbm
sNbvXmepw kZm ZrVNn\mbncnpIbmWv. anXm
lmcsaXv hbn \mensemv HgnnSpIbpw
kv\ KvZhpw a[pchpamb Da]Zm `npIbpamWv. iuNsaXv _mlyambpw Bcambpw D
ipnbmWv Chbn av Pew apXembXp sImpXv
_mly ipn, a\ns ipn B cnI ipn.
BcnI ipn B[ymnI hnZysImt e`nm
km[nq.

2. X]x ktmjmkv X nIy Zmt\izc ]qP\

k n m {i h W {l oaX n P t] m {h X m\ n
Zi\nbamx X{X Xt]m \ma hn[yp Ir{
Nm{mbWmZn`nx icoc timjWw ktmtjm
\ma bZrmtem` kpjvSn BkvX nIyw \ma
thtZm [m [tjp hnizmkx Zm\w \ma
\ymbmnXky [\ [m\ymtZ {ibmn `yx
{]Zm\w Cuizc ]qP\w \ma {]k kz`mth\
bYm in hnjvWp cp{ZmZn ]qP\w knm{i
hWw \ma thZmm hnNmcx {lo\ma

774

I euInI am IpnX IW emw aXn

\ ma t h Z h nl nX I am t j p {i m
Pt]m\ma hn[nhZv Kpcp]ZnjvS thZmhncp am
`ymkx XZznhn[w hmNnIw am\kw tNXn am\kw
X p a \ k m [ y m \ bp w h m N nI w Z z nh n[
Dsscp]mwipt`tZ\ DsscpmcWw btYm
^ew D]mwip kl{k KpWw am\kw tImSn
KpWw {hXw \mw thtZm hn[n \ntj[m\p
jvTm\ ss\bXyw
]p \nba Xmsg ]dbphbmWv X]v,
ktmjw, BkvXnIyw, Zm\w, Cuizc]qP\w knm
{ihW, e, aXn, P]w, {hXw. Chbn X]sm
hn[n]qhw IrNv{i Nm{mbWmZnIfm icoc timjW
hcppIbmWv ktmjw Fm ssZthbm
Fsnepw Innbm AXn kpjvSambncnp
XmWv BkvXnIyw FXv thtZm [m[
amfn hnizknpIsbs{X. \ymbmnXamb
[\ [m\ymZnIsf {im]qw Zcn{Zp sImSpp
XmWv Zm\w {]k`mh\tbmsS bYmin hnjvWp
cp{ZmZnIsf ]qPnpXv Cuizc]qP\w. {lo Fm
thZamnepw euInI amnepw \oNsap
IcpXsSp I sNptm e tXmpI
sbXmWv. aXn FXv thtZmfmb Iam
fn {isbs{X. P]saXv hnYn]qw Kpcp
D]tZinnp a{ A`yknpIbmWv. P]w
hmNnIsapw am\knIsapw cp hn[apv. am\knIw
a\psImv [ym\bpamIpXv; hmNnIw cp
hn[amWv 1. D kzcnepXv 2. a kzcnepXv
D kzcnep P]m \nnjvS ^ew Inpw
akzcnembm BbncancnbmWv ^ew. am\knI
P]ns ^ew tImSn aSmWv {hXw Fp ]dbpXv.
thtZmfmb hn[n\ntj[sf thhn[w BNcnpIsbXmIpp.

1. kzkvXnI tKmapJ ]Zva hoc knwl`{Z ap

abqcmJym\ymk\m\yjv Su kzkvX nIw \maPm
\qthm tc kayIv I rXzm ]mZ Xte Dt`
EPpImb kamko\ kzkvXnIw XXv {]NtX
2. k thy Zn KpYw Xp ]rjvT ]mtiz
\ntbmPtbXv ZntW]n XYm khyw tKmapJw
tKmapJw bYm
AwKpjvtT\ \n_[v \obmXv lkvX m `ymw hymXv
{I taW N Du thm] c n i mW vUne y I rX zm
]mZXte ]mk\w `thtZXXv kthjma]n
]qPnXw
4. GIw ]mZassYIkva n hn\ytkym cqWn
kwnXw CXckvanwkvX Ym tNmcpw hocmk\
apZocnXw

5. ZnWw khKpevt^\ Zn tW\ XtYXcw

lkv X u N Pmt\z kwm]y kzmwKpeo
{]kmcy N

6. hymht{m \ncotX \mkm{Kw kpk

alnX knwlmk\w `thtZXXv ]qPnXw tbmKn`nx
kZm
kzkv XnIw tKmapJw ]w hocw knwlw `{Zw
apw abqcw Fns\ Bk\ Fp hn[apv.
Chbn cp]mZXesfbpw cp appIpw
at[ybmbn kam\ambn shv \nhncnpXns\
kzkvXnImk\sav ]dbpp. apXpIns heXp`mKv
hes appw CSXp `mKv CSs appw tNv
tKmapJw t]mse CcnpXmWv tKmapJmk\w. cp
XpSIfntepw cp ImepIfpsSbpw ]mZ Xe shv
cv ssII sImpw cp ImepIfpsSbpw Xhnc
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776

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777

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778

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\mbn lnXhpw anXhpamb Blmcw Ignv kpjpav\m
\mUnbnse amen\yw timjnnm tbmKm`ymkw

sNWw. Atm ]Xvamk\nencpp N{\mUnbn

IqSn hmbp\ndv bYm in Ipw`Iw sNbvXv kqcy\m
Unbn IqSn tcNIw sNWw. GXp \mUnbn IqSnbm
tWm tcNIw sNbvXv AtX \mUnbn IqSns
hopw ]qcIw sNWw. Xmsg ]dbp tmI Cu
Bibw hyampp.

2.

{]mWw {]mKnUbm ]nt_nbanXw

_qtbm\ybm tcNtcXv
]oXzm ]nwKebm kaoca atYm
_zm XytPXv hmabm
kqcymN{atkmct\\ hn[n\m
`ymkw kZm X\zXmw
ip \mUnKWm `hn ban\mw
amk{Xbm Zq[zXx

3.

{]mX[ynt\ kmbacmt{XXp
Ipw`hm
iss\cioXn ]cyw NXphmcw ka`ytkXv

4.

I\oqbkn `thXv tkzZ Itm `hXn a[yta

DnjvTcypta {]mWtcmt[
]mk\w alXv

5.

Pte\ {ia PmtX\ Km{X a\amNtcXv

ZrVXm eLpXm Nm]n Xky
Km{Xky PmbtX
A`ymkImte {]Yaw ikvXw
ocmPy t`mP\w
XtXm`ymtkm nco`ptX \ Xmhnba{Kl

Bcw`n CUm\mUnbneqsS {]mWs\ \ndv

Ipw`Iw sNbvXv ]nwKfm \mUnbn IqSn tcNIw sN
Ww. ]ns ]nwKfbn IqSn ]qcWw sNbvXv Ipw`Iw
sNbvXv CUbn IqSn tcNIw sNWw. Cu hn[n
{]Imcw kqcyN{n\mUnI aptJ\ \nXyhpw {]mWmbm
am`ymkw sNp ]w tbmKnbpsS Fm \mUnIfpw
aqpamkw sImv ipamIpp. {]`mXnepw Dpw
kypw Acm{Xnbnepw Cs\ \mep{]mhiyw
]XpsXps F]Xp am{X hscbp Ipw`Iw
A`yknWw. sNdnbtXmXnse {]mWmbaw sImp
hnbpmIpp. a[yn IapmIpw Dan
]mk\nencpv taevt]mv s]mpw {]mWmbmaL
n DmIp hnbpsImv icocw anWw. AXv
icocs _enjvThpw L\pdhpXpamm klm
bnpp. A`ymkmc`Imepw ]m s\v Ch tN
Blmcw ]YyamWv ]noSv A`ymkw ncambXns\
pSv {]tXyI \nbasampw ]mentXn.

779

I 6.

bYm knwtlm KtPm hymt{Lm `thZv hiyx

iss\x iss\x XssYhtkhntXm hmbpc
\yYm ln km[Iw

7.

bpw bpw XytPZzmbpw bpw bpw

N ]qctbXv bpw bpt\ _obm tZhw
knnahm]v\ pbmXv

8.

btYjvS [mcWmXv hmtbmc\eky {]Zo]\m

\mZm`nhyncmtcmKyw PmbtX \mUntim
[\m

9.

hn[nhXv {]mW kwbmssa\mUo Nt{I

hntim [ntX kpjpav\m hZ\w `nXzm kpJmXv
hniZXn amcpXx

10. amc p t X a[ y k m tc a\ x s s c y w
{]PmbtX tbm a\xkpntcm `mthm sskhm
hmat\m\o
knwlw B\ ISph Chsb kmh[m\w hioIcn
Ww. AXpt]mse hmbphns\ kmh[m\w km[Iw
sNbvXm hiwhZamIpw. hn]coXambnmbm km[Is\
s sImpshv hcpw. AXn\m hn[n]qhw
tcNIhpw Ipw`Ihpw ]qcIhpw sNmw. As\sbn
knn ssIhcpw. icnbmb Ipw`Iw sImv An Zo]vXn
bpmIpp. \mUnI ipamIptm \mZipnbpw
BtcmKyhpw DmIpw. AXn\m kpjpav\m \mUnbpsS
apJw t`Znv hmbp kpJambn AXn {]thinpp.
hmbp a[yn kcnptm a\n\v ncX
bpmIpw. icnbmbn a\v ZrVamIptm AXns\
at\m\n Ah Fv hyhlcnsSpp.

11. ]qcImt Xp Ihyx _tm Pme

I m`n[ x Ip w`I mt tc N I m Z u I h y
kvXpWvU bmWIx
12. A[kkvXmXv Ipt\ \mip IWvT kwtim
[t\ IrtX at[y ]naXmt\\ \ymXv {]mtWm
{_\mUnKx
13. A]m\aq[zapm]y {]mWw IWvVmZt[m\btbmKo Pcmhn\napx tjmUmtim hbkm
`thXv
]qcIn\p tijw HSphn Pmecw Fp
t]cp _w sNWw. Ipw`Imnepw ImZnbnepw
Dnbm\mw thWw. Xmgs aqec{ktmNm
IWvT ktmNw DmIpp. a[y_mKw ]na Znn
tev henptm {]mWhmbp {_\mUnbnse
pp. A]m\s\ apIfntev sImp t]mbn {]mWs\
IWvTn\p Xmsgbmbn sImphv tbmKn hrmhm
clnX\mIpp. ]Xn\mdp hbns sNdpw km[I
\pmIpw.

14. k pJ mk\ tm Z \ mU ym _l n w
]h\wkamIrjy BtIim\Jmt{Km Ipw`bnXzm
khy\mUym tcNtbXv tX\ I]me tim[\w
h mX \ mUoK X k h tc mK k h h n\ m\ i\ w
`hXnlrZbmZn IWvT]cyw kkz\w \mkm`ymw
iss\x ]h\amIrjy bYm in Ipw`bnXzm
CUbm hntcNy K Xnjv T IpcymXv tX\
tjv a lcw Pw cmnlh[\w `hXn ht{W
koXvmc ]qhIw hmbpw KrloXzm bYmin
Ipw`bnXzm \mkm`ymw tcNtbXv tX\ pXv
Xrjv W m Beky \n{Zm \ PmbtX Pnlzbm
h mbp w K r l oX zm bY mi n I p w`b nX zm
\mkm`ymw tcNtbXv tX\ Kpeva olm Pzc ]n
p[mZo\n \iyn AY Ipw`Ix Zznhn[x klnXx
tI h et X n tcN I ] qcI bp x kl nX x
XZzPnXx tIhex tIhe kn{Xnjp temtIjp
\ Xky Zp e`w `hXn tIhe I pw` ImXv
IpWv Uen\n t_mt[m PmbtX XXx Irih]px
{]k hZt\m \ne temNt\m A`nhy
\mtZm \np tcmK Pmtem PnX _np. ]Sz
n`hXn A eyw _lnZrjvSn \ntatjmtj hPnXm Gjm kssh jv W ho ap{Zm
khXm Xt{jp tKm]nXm
kpJmk\nencpv hes \mUnbn IqSn
]pds hmbp henv Xe apX ]mZw hsc \ntcm[nv
Ipw`Im CSs \mUnbn IqSn tcNIw sNWw.
As\bmbn I]meipnbpmIpw. hmbp \mUnI
fnse kIe tcmKfpw amZhlrZbw apX IWvTw hsc
ki_vZw cp \mkmZzmcfn IqSn ]Xps hmbp
henv Ipw`Iw sNbvXv CSbn IqSn tcNIw sNWw.
\Sptmgpw \nptmgpw CXmImw. CXns ^e
ambn I^w hnpamdn PTcmn hnpw. hmbn IqSn
koXvImcw sNbvX v hmbp\ndv bYmin Ipw`Iw
sNbvXp cp aqn Zzmcfn IqSn tcNIw sNWw.
As\bmbm hniv Zmlw Bekyw \n{Z Ch
DmIn. \mn IqSn hmbphns\ henv bYmin
Ipw`Iw sNbvXpw cp aqn Zzmcfn IqSn tcNIw
sNbvXm Kpevaw ol Pzcw ]nw hniv apXembh
amdpp.
A\cw Ipw`Isn AXv cv hn[nepv.
klnX Ipw`Ihpw tIhe Ipw`Ihpw. tcNI ]qcI
tfmSp IqSnbXv klnXIpw`Iw. AmXv tIhe
Ipw`Iw. tIheIpw`Iw km[nXambm bKnv aqp
temIpw Zpe`ambn HpapmIn. tIheIpw`I
m IpWvUkn\n DWcpp. AtXmsS tbmKn Iri
Km{X\pw {]kapJ\pw \ne t\{X\pw tcmKhnap
\pw Zo]vXmnbpw Bbnocpp. CXmWv sshjvW
hoap{Z F m X{ nepw imkv { X nepw CXv
tKm]yambn shncnpp.

780

I 15.

A ebhneo\ Nn ]ht\m
tbmKo kZm htX
Zrjv Sm \ne Xmcbm _lnc[x
]iy]n ]iy]n
apt{Zbw Jep tJNco `hXn ku
essyIXm\m inhm
iq\ymiq\y hnhPnXm pcXn km
XXzw ]Zw sshjvWho

16. AtmoenX temN\x nca\m \mkm{K

ZtW
{mmh]neo\Xmap]\b
njv] `mthm{Xw
tPymXocq]atij_mlyclnXm
tZZo]yam\w ]cw XXzm XXv] cakvXnhkvXp
hnjbw imWvUney hnol XXv
17. Xmcw tPymXnjn kwtbmPy InnZp
ab {`phu
]qhm`ymkky amtmbap\o
ImcIx WmXv

22. Iqc a\te bZzXv sskhw

kente bYm
XYm N eobam\w k akvXtXz hneobtX
23. tbw kh {]XoXw N XvRm\w a\
DNytX m\w tbw kaw \jvSw \m\y
]mZznXobIx
24. tb hkvXp ]cnXymKXv hnebw bmXn
am\kam\tk hnebw bmtX
ssIheyahinjytX

18. XkvamXv tJNcoap{Zm`ytkXv

XtXm\o `hXn
XtXm tbmKn{Zm `hXn e_v[ tbmK
\n{Zky tbm Kn\x Imtem \mkvXn

25. `zu{Iau Nn\miky tbmtKm m\w

ap\oizc tbmKkvXZv hrn tcmt[m
ln m\w
kay KthWw

19. in at[y a\x IrXzm Imtem \mkvXn

inw am\k a[ym\mw a\km a\ BtemIy
imWvUney Xzw kpJo`hx

26. Xkva n \ntcm[ntX \q\ aq]imw

at\m `thXv
a\x kv]m]imymbw kwkmc
{]hneobtX

20. Jat[y IpcpNmm\am at[y N Jw Ipcp

khw N Jab IrXzm \ InnZ]n Nnb
21. _mly Nnm \ Ihymx XssYhmc
NnnIm khNnmw ]cnXyPy
Nnm{X ]ctam `h
hneo\ hmbp Nn BceytmSp IqSnbh
s\n tbmKnbmWv. \nkamb IaWnbm Xmsg
t\mnbmepw Hpw ImWmXncnpXmWv tJNco ap{Z.
tIhe eyam{Xhpw awKfIchpamIbm CXns\
sshjvWho ap{Zsbv ]dbpp.b AXn iq\ymiq\y
clnXamb XXzw ]ca]Zcq]n {]Iminpp. t_
imWvUney, AtmoenX t\{X\pw ncNn\pw
\mkm{K nX ZrjvSnbpamb tbmKn \n `mh {]m]vXn
tbmsS kqcy N{ \mUnIsfbpw himpp. Cu
Ln ]caXXzns {]Xn`mkw Ah\pmIpp.
IaWnsb tPymXnpambn kwtbmPUnnv cp

]pcnIsfbpw Aev] w DbWw. CXv ]qhm`ymk

amamWv CXns ^eambn D\mh kwPmXam
Ipp. AXpsImv tJNcoap{Z A`ykntXpv.
AXv D\o Zi e`nm CS sImSppp. AtXp
Sv tbmK\n{Z ssIhcpp. tbmK\n{Z e`n tbmKnv
Ime\n. imWvUney, a\v in a[yn m]nv
a\n\m a\ns\ Iv kpJambn hknpI.
BImia[yn Bmhns\ m]nv Bmhns
aZyn BImis m]npI. khhpw BImia
bamn Hpw Xsbnsv NnnWw. _mlyNn
tbm BcnI Nntbm ]mSn. Cs\ khNnbpw
shSnp _mhssNX\yhc\mIWw.

Anbn Iqchpw shn Dpw ebnpXp

t]mse Xs ebnp tbmKnbpsS a\v XXzn
hnebw {]m]npp. AdntbsXmw AdnbWw.,
AXn\p m\amWv a\v BntXv. m\
hpw tbhpsamw \jvSamIm\nSbmIcpXv tb
hkv Xphns\ ]cnXyPnptm a\v hnebw {]m]n
pp. Nn\min\v cp amfmWpXv.
tbmKhpw m\hpw. tbmKw Fp ]dbpXv NnhrnIfpsS \ntcm[amWv. m\sap ]dbpXv
hkv Xphns XXzs bYm cq]nm ImWpIsbXmWv. a\ns\ \nb{nm Cu kwkmchpw
hnebw {]m]npw. AXmbXv kmwkmcnIamb hymtaml
hpw AXp \nanw DmImhp tifpw \inpw.

27. kqcytemIx ]cnkv] imu hyhlrXn

bYm imkv{X k\ k
sshcmKym`ym ktbmKXx

781

I 28. A\mJymbmw IrXmmbmw ]qhw kwkmc

hrnjvT bYmZnhmcnX [ym\mnc
taI X tbmlnXmXv
29. GI XXz ZrVm`ymkmXv {]mW
kv]tm \ncp[ytX
]qcImZy\nembmamXv ZrVm`ymkm ZtJZPmXv

36. NncImew lrtZIm thymakwthZ\mpt\

Bhmk\ at\m[ym\mXv {]mWkv]tm
\ncpZytX

30. GIm[ym\tbmKm a\kv]tm

\ncpytX Hmw
ImtcmmcW {]m i_vZ XXzm\p
`mh\mXv kpjp]vtX kwhnZm mtX
{]mWkv] tm \ncpytX

Amn\p apIfn ]{wKpew Zqsc t]mIp

{]mW KfnX tNjvStbmSp IqSnbXmIpp. Atm
A`ymkw sImv apIfnes ZzmcneqsS {]mWKXn
\ncpamIpp. \mkm{Kn ]Xns\mwKpew Zqsc
\nemImin imambn \ntcm[nsSpp.
]pcnIfpsS at[y XmcI {_w Zinm Ignm
imn e`npw AtXmsS euInI hym]mcfhkm\n
pp. am\knI kev ]cw XSbsSpp. {]mWKXn
\ntcm[nsSpp. m\tb awKfambn
Hmmccq]n hnkebnpp. Atm Aev] hpw
hnIev]an. IqSmsX B kabw {]mWKXn \ntcm[nsSpIbpw sNpp. apt\, Gsdmew lrZbn
GImmImim\p`hw DmIp a\v [ymt\mpJ
\mIpp. AtXmsS {]mWKXn \ncpamIpp.

31. XmepaqeKXmw bXv\mXv

Pnlzb{Iay LnImw
Du[zc{KtX {]mtW {]mW
kv]tm \ncpytX
kqcys {]h\ hn[m\w imamIptm PK
ns I ]cn]mSnIepw imamIpXpt]mse
imkv{XfpsSbpw k\fpsSbpw kw sImv
sshcmKym`ymk tbmKw DmIbm {]]hpw imam
bnocpp. BZyw kmkwImcnI Imcyfn hncn
bpmIWw. ]ns Gsdmew [ym\hpw ZrVm`ym
khpw Dmbm {]]hpw imambncnocpp.
BZyw kmwkmcnI Imcyfn hncnbpmIWw.
]ns Gsdmew [ym\hpw ZrVm`ymkhpw Dmbm
{]mWhmbphns\ \nb{nm km[npp. Hmw
ImtcmmcWn\ptijw i_vZ XXzm\p`qXn DmIpXn\m m\m kpjp]vX nbpsS cq]w a\
nemmw. Atm {]mWs\ Pbnm Ignbpp.
Xmeqaqen nXn sNp {Knsb kmh[m\w
\mpsImv Aaptm {]mWhmbp apIfnse
On{Zn {]thinpp. AtXmsS {]mWs KXn
\ntcm[nsSpp.

32. {]mtW KenX kwenu Xmeq[zw

ZzmZimtK
A`ymkmZqcv[ zIt{W
{]mWkv ]tm\ncp[ytX
33. ZzmZimwKpe ]cyt \mkmt{K hnatemw_tc
kwhnXv Zrin {]imaymw {]mWkv]tm
\ncp[ytX
34. {`qa[ymXcImtemI immh
ap]mKtX tNX
ss\IXt\ _ty {]mW kv]tm
\ncp[ytX

35. HmantXyh bZqZv `qXw m\w tbmIw

inhw Akwk]rjvS hnIev] mwiw
{]mW kv] tm \ncpytX

37. G`nx {IssakvXYmss\y \m\mkev]

Iev] nssXx \m\mtZinI h{ss {]mW
kv] tm \ncpZytX BIpt\\ IpWvUen\ymx
IhmS apXvLmSytamZzmcw hnt`ZtbXv tb\ amtW
Khpw XZzmcw aptJ\mmZy {]kp]vXm IpWvUen\o
IpSnemImcw khtZzjv SnXm `hXn km intb\
NmenXm kymXv k Xp aptm `hXn km IpWvUen\o
IWvTtTm[z _mtK kp]]vXm tNXv tbmKn\mw aptb
`hXn _ \mbmt[m aqVm\mw CUmZn amZzbw
hnlmb kpjpav\mamtW BKtXNv XZn]njvtWm
]caw ]Zw

38. acpZ`yk\w khw at\mbpw ka`ytkXv

CXc{X \ Ihym at\mhrn
a\ojnWmw
39. Znhm \ ]qPtbZv hnjvWpw cm{Xu ss\h
{]]qPtbXv
kXXw ]qPtbZv hnjvW p Znhmcm{Xw
\ ]qPtbXv
40. kpjntcmm\P\Im ]t{kmXx
ka\znXXnjvTtX tJNcoap{Zm Xzw ln
imWvUney Xmw `P
41. khy ZnW\mUotm at[y
NcXo amcpXx
XnjvTXx tJNcoap{Z Xkvan mt\
\ kwibx

782

Cu {Iafn ]eKpcpmcpsSbpw D]tZia\p

kcnv hnhn[ kev]fpsS Iev]\bm {]mWKXn
\ntcm[nmw. IpWvUen\n ktmNnnv tamZzmcw
DpamWw. am IhmSw apJw sImp aqSn IpWvU
en\n Ddpp. IpWvUen\o in Nennph
ap\mIpw. AXv IWvT n\papIfn Ddpp
Fn tbmKnIv apn {]ZamWv. XmsgbmWpdpsXn Am\nIv _n\v ImcWam
cpw. CU apXemb cp amfpw hnp. kpjpav\m
amneqsS hcWw. ImcWw AXv hnjvWphns ]ca
]ZamWv. hmbphns A`ymkw ]q a\tmSbmIWw.
at\mhrn ap himIcpXv. hnjv Wp ]qP C
Ln thWsasmpan. Ftmgpw ]qPnp
sImncnWw. tIhew ]Item cm{Xntbm ]qPnm
am{Xmw t]mcm. imWvUney, ] {]hmlmIamb m
\IcamWv. AhnsS tJNcoap{Z e`npsaXn kt
lan.

42. CUm ]nwKftbm at[y

iq\yw ssNehm\new
{KtkXv XnjvTo tJNco ap{Zm X{X
kXyw {]XnjvTnXm
43. tkmakqcy Zztbmat[y \ncmew_Xte ]p\x
kwmXm thyma Nt{I km ap{Zm
\mav\m NtJNcn
44. tOZ\ Nme\Zmssl ^emw]cmw Pnlzmw
IrXzm ZrjvS nw{`qat[y m]y I]me
Ipltc Pnlzm
hn]co XKm bZm `hXn XZm tJNco
ap{Zm PmbtX
Pnlzm N Nnw N tJ NcXn
tXt\m[z Pnlz
]pam \rtXm `hXn hma]mZaqte\ tbm\nc
kw]oUy ZnW]mZw {] kmcy Xw Icm`ymw
[rXzm \m km`ymw hmbpam]qcy IWvT _m
kamtcm]y Du[ztXm hmbpw [mctbXv tX\
kh ti lm\n XXx ]nbqjanh
hnjw PocytX
b Kpeva KpZmh Po Xz
KmZn tZmjm
\iyn Gj{]mW Ptbm]mbx
kharXyp]
LmXIx hma]mZm]mjvW n tbm\nmt\
\ntbmPy
ZnW NcWw hmtam cq]cn
kwm]y hmbp

am]qcy lrZtb ]pWv UIw \n[mb tbm\nam

IpWv Uy at\m at[y bYmin [mcbnXzm
kzmm\w `mhtbXv tX\m]tcmknnx

CUmw]nwKfIfpsS a[ynep iq\y`mKw hmbp

hns\ {Kknpp. AhnsS tJNco ap{Z nXn sNp
p. kXyhpw AhnsS Xs IpSnIqpp. kqcyN
{am cpt]scbpw a[y`mKw \ncmew_amb [cmX
eamWv. AhnsS BImi aWvUen tJNcoap{Z hkn
pp. tOZ\w, Nme\w, taml\w Fnh aptJ\
Pnlzsb icnv ap\bpXmn ]pcnIp at[y
ZrjvSnbpdnv I]meOn{Zn \mv hn]coX KXn
bn t]mIptm tJNcoap{Z DmIpp. \mpw Nn
hpw I]me On{ZamIp BImin kcnptam
apIfntemp tcmb PnlztbmSp IqSnb B ]pcpj Aac
\mIpp. CSXp Imens aqen aqec{aan
heXp Im \on AXv cp ssIsImpw ]nSnv cp
aqn IqSnbpw hmbp \ndv IWvT_n\p apIfn
tIn apIfntemp s]mnb hmbp XSbWw As\
sNbvXm kIe tifpw \inpw. AtXmsS hnjw
t]mepw AarXw t]mse Zlnpp. Kpevaw DZmhnw
]gInb Pbnbmb Cu D]mbw kIe acWsbpw
XSbpXmWv. CSXp Imens Dqnsb KpZ m\p
tNv heXp Imen shv hmbp\ndv at\m a[y
n bYmin [cnv Xs Bmhns\ [ym\nWw.
As\ sNbvXm A]tcm knn ssIhcpXmWv.

46. _mlymXv {]mWw kamIrjy ]qcbn tXzmZtc

nXw \m`n at[y N \mkmt{K ]mZmw KpjvtT
N bXv\Xx [mctb\km kym
Imtejp hm
kZm khtcmK hn\naptm
`thtZymKo KX
a \mkmt{K hmbp hnPb `hXn
\m`n a[ykh
tcmK hn\mix ]mZmwKpjvT [m cWmXv icoce
LpXm `hXn ck\mZv hmbpamIrjybx
]nt_Xv
kXXw \cx {iaZmlu Xp \
kymXmw \iyn
hym[bkvX Ym
]pdp hmbp BIjnv hbn \ndbv Ww.
AhnsS \nv AXn\s\ \m`o a[ynepw \mkm{K
nepw Imensb s]cp hncenepw a\p aptJ\ lrZb
]qhw [cnWw. Cs\ Fm kybnepw sNp
tbmKn khtcmKhnap\pw oWanmh\pam
Ipp. \mkm{Kn ZrjvSnbpdnm Fm tcmKfpw

783

I \inpw. ]mZmwKpjvTn [cnm icocemLhw,

\mn IqSnhmbphns\ BIjnv \nccw Dnem
ph\v oWtam Zmltam DmIpIbn. AXv tcmK
ia\hpamWv.

47. kytbm {_mWx Imte

hmbpamIrjybx
]nt_Xv {Xnamkmky IeymWo PmbtX
hmIv kckzXo
48. Ghw jamkm`ymkmXv kh tcmK
\nhrnx Pnlzbm hmbp am\ob Pnlzm aqte
\ntcm[tbXv bx ]nt_ZarXw hnZzm
kIew `{Zaiv\ptX
49. B\ymm\anUbm [mcbnXzm {Zpthmtc
_nt`Iyx {XnZimlmcw hym[ntm]n
hnapNytX
50. \mUo`ymw hmbpamtcm]y \m`u Xpky
]miztbmx LSossIImw htlZykvXp
hym[n`nx k hnapNytX
51. amktaIw {Xnkyw Xp Pnlzbmtcm]y
amcpXwhntZ`y {XnZimlmcw
[mctbp a[yta
52. Pzcm kth hn\iyn hnjmWn hnhn[m\n
N aplqa]n tbm \nXyw \mkmt{K a\km
kl khw XcXn ]m]vam\w Xky PiXm
InXw
cp kyIfnepw hmbphns\ BIjnv AXv
]m\w sNp {_mWs hmWn aqpamkpn
Xs awKfabnbmb kckzXnbmbnocpp. Cs\
Bdp amks A`yk\m khtcmKhpw ian
pp. \mp sImv hmbp kzoIcnv AXns\
PnKzmaqen \nc[np ]WvU nX AarX]m\w
sNpp. Ah\v khawKf knn. CUm\mUnbm
cp ]pcnIfpsSbpw at[y Bmhn Bmhns\
[mcWw sNbvXm Ah tZhmcpsS Blmcs
t`Znpp. tcmKap\mIpp. cp \mUnbn IqSn
bpw hmbphns\ \m`nbn BIjnv hbdns Ccp
]mizfnepw Nennph tcmKapamIpp. Hcp
amkw a[y`mKv \ntcm[nph\pw AarX]m\w
e`npp. Ahs Pzc_m[ ]mtS AIepp. hnjhpw
\inpw. Hcp aplq kabsanepw lrZb]qhw
hmbphns\ \mkm{Kn \nXyhpw [cnp a\pjy
s \qdp Pw sImp IppIqSnb ]m]hpw ]cn]q
Xbpw AIepp.

52. XmckwbamXv kIe hnjbm\w `hXn

\mkmt{K NnkwbamZn { temIm\w
X Z [ n k wbamZ n te mI m\ w
N p joNn k wbamX v batemI m\ w
t{imt{X Nnky kwbamXv batemIm\w
XXv ] mtiz kwbamXv \nZrXn temIm\w
hmaIt kwbamXv hmbp temI m\w
IWvt T kwbamXv tkmatemIm\w aq[v\n
kwbamXv {_temIm\w ]mZmt[m`mtK
kwbamXv AX e temIm\w ]mtZ kwbamXv
hnXe temIm\w Pw tL kwbamXv kpXe
temI m\w Pm\m kwbamXv almXetem
I m\w Ducu Nn kwbamXv ckmXe
temIm\w ISu NnkwbamXv XemXe
temI m\w \m`u Nn kwbamXv al
temIm\w {`qat[y Nn kwbamNXv Xt]m
emI m\w aq[v\n Nn kwbamXv AXoXm
\ mK X m\ w X p [ z\ u N n
k wbamXv k h P p cp X m\ w kwNnX
IWn Nn kwbamXv A\ymZri cq]w _te
NnkwbamXv l\paZmZn _ew kqtcyNn
kwbamXv Xmcm hyql m\w {[pthXZv KXn
Z i \ w k zm k wbamX v ] p c p j m\ w
\m`nN{I Imbhyqlm\w IWvT cqt] pXv
]n]mkmnhrn Iq \mUymw sscyw
Xmtc kn Zi\w ImbmtImi kwbamZmImi
i a\w X X v mt\ kwbmamX v X X v
mt\ XZv kntbm `hn.

Inse IrjvWaWntbmSv Nnw kwtbmPnm

kh hnjb m\w knnpp. \mkm{Kn
Nns kwtbmPnnm C{temI m\w e`n
pp. AXn\p Xmsgbmbn A\ne temIm\w,
Inembm kh temIm\w sNhnbn Nns
kwtbmPnnm batemI m\w e`npp. AXns
]miz `mKmbm cmktemI m\w, apXpIn
Bbm hcpW temIm\w, hes sNhnbn
Bbm hmbp temIm\w, IWvTn N{temIm\w, incnsen {_temIm\w, Dw
Imens `mKsn AXe temIm\w, Imensen hnXe temIm\w, Imens knbn \nXe
temIm\w Imens apn kpXe temIm\w,
XpSbn almXe temIm\w, Acbn kwban
tm XemXetemIm\w, \m`nbnsen `qtemI
m\w, hbn _ph temIm\w, lrZbsan
kztemIm\w, lrZtbm]cnbmbm altemI
m\w, IWvTn P\temI m\w, ]pcnI a[y
nsen X]temIm\w, incn kXytemI
m\w, [m[eIfn kwbaw sNbvX m

784

I `qX`hnjy m\w, hn`n {]mWnIfpsS i_vZn

sen AhbpsS i_vZm\w knX Inse
n ]qPm\w, ]cNnnsen ]cNn
m\w, icoccq]nembm aphcpsS t]mse cq]
knnk _en kwbaw sNbvXm l\pam\pw
ap _ew Inpw. kqcy\n kwbaw sNbvXm `ph\
m\w, N{\nsen \{X aWvU e m\w
{[ph\nsen AXns KXnbpsS Zi\w, kzmn
sen AXns KXnbpsS Zi\w, kzmnsen
]pcpj m\w, IWvTcq]nsen hnipw, Zmlhpw
CmXmm, Iq \mUnbnsen icochyql
m\w, IWvT Iq]nsen hnipw, Zmlhpw
CmXmm, Iq \mUnbnsen sscyem`w,
\{Xfnsen knZi\w, icocmIminsen
BImiKa\w ssIhcpp. Cs\ hn`n m\
fn kwba\w sNbvXm Ah knn {]m]npp.

AY {]Xymlmcx k ]hn[x hnjtbjp

NcXman{nbmWmw _em ZmlcWw {]Xymlmc
bZyXv ]iyXn XXv khamtXn {]Xymlmc
bZyXv ]iyXn XXv khamtXn {]Xymlmcx
\nXyhnlnX I^eXymKx {]Xymlmcx kh
hnjb ]cmMv a pJXzw {]Xymlmcx AjvS mZi
kpa mt\jp {IamXv [mcWw {]Xymlmcx
] m Z mwK p j vT K p ^ P w L mP m\ p c q ] mbp
ta{U\m`n lrZb IWvT Iq] Xmeq\m kmn
{`qa[y eemS aq[v\mw m \m\n tXjp {IamZm
tcmlm htcml {ItaW {]XymltcXv
AY [mcWm km{Xnhn[m B\n at\m[m
cWw Zlcm Imti _mlymImi[mcWw ]rYzn
hy]vtXtPmhmbzmImtijp ] aqn [mcWw
tNXn AY [ym\w XZznhn[w kKpWw \nKpWw
tNXn k KpWw aqn [ym\w \nKpWam
bmYmayw AY kam[nx Pohm ]camss
Iymhm {Xn]pSo clnXm ]cam\ kzcq]m
ip ssNX\ymnIm `hXn.
C\n {]Xymlmcsn ]dbpp. AXv Ap
hn[amWv . hnjbfn s]pgep C{nbsf
_em ]nhenpXns\ {]Xymlmcsap ]dbpp.
Fp tIptm AsXmw BmhnemsWv
a\nempXmWv {]XymlmIw. \nXyhpw sNp
IfpsS ^es XyPnpXmWXv. AXv kh
hnjb hnapJXbmWv {]Xymlmcw. ]Xns\v Ie
fn {ItaW [mcWw sNpIsbXmWv AXns
[w. ]mZmwKpjvTw, KpU^w, PwL, Pm\p, KpZw,
enwKw, \m`n, lrZbw, IWvTIq], Xmeq, aqv, Iv,
{`qa[yw, s\n, Xe Fo `mKfn BtcmlmhtcmlW {Ian {]Xymlmcw sNtXpv.

[mcWsbn ]dbpIbmsWn AXv aqp hn[

nepv. Bmhn a\ns\ [cnpI ZlcmImi
n _mlymImis [cnpI, ]rYzn, Pew, tXPv,
hmbp, BImiw Fo ]aqnIsf [cnpI.
[ym\s kw_nmsWn AXv cp hn[n
emWv kKpW [ym\hpw \nKpW [ym\aqnsb
[ym\npXv kKpW[ym\w B kzcq][ym\amWv
\nKpW [ym\w. kam[nsbnbmsWn Pohm
]cammfpsS GIo`mh\p`qXnbm mXw tbw
mXmhv Fo {X]pNn clnXamb ip ssNX\y
abamb AhbmWv bYmn kam[n.

cmw Aymbw
1. AY imWvUnte ym l ssh {_ jnx
NXpjv T thtZjp {_hnZym ae`am\x Inw
\mt\XyYhmWw `Khw D]kx ]{]
A[oln `Kh, {_ hnZymw tb\ t{itbm
A]m]vkymaoXn ktlm hmNmYhm, imWvUney,
kXyw hnmXwa\w {_ bkv a n CZw
HmXw N t{]mXw N bkvannZw kw N hnssNXn
khw bkvan hnmtX kh anZw hnmXw
`hXn XZhmWn]mZaNpct{imX a Pnlzm
aicoca{Kmlya \ntZiyw
A\cw {_jnbmb imWvUney \mepthZ
fnepw {_hnZy e`nm IgnbmXpsImv `Khm
\mb AYhs\ icWw {]m]nv ]dp. `Khms\,
F\nv \ ssIhcpphm Av {_hnZy ]Tnn
p XcWw. AXp tIv AYhm ]dp. imWvUney,
kXyw hnm\w A\w FnhbpsS kzcq]amWv
]c{_w. Chsbmw AXn HmXt{]Xambncnpp.
DZbmkvXab DmIpXpt]mse GXns\ Adn
memtWm khadnbpXv B ]c{_w IcNcWc
lnXhpw t\{XclnXhpw t{imX clnXhpw Pnlbnm
Xpw icochnlo\hpw AKay\pw Ah\obhpw
BIpp.

btXm hmtNm \nht A{]m]y a\km

k l bX v tI h e w m\ K ay w {] m
Nbkva mXv {]krXm ]qcWo btZIaZznXobw,
BImihXv kh KXw kpkqvaw \ncRvP\w
\njvIncnbw km{Xw NnZm\ssI ckw inhw
{]i m ar Xw X Xv ] cw N {_ X Xzak o
Xmt\\ ln hnPm\oln b GtIm tZh
Bin {][m\ khx kthizcx kh
B i n {][ m\ k h x k thi zc x
k h `q X m c m
kh
`qX m[ nh mk m
kh`qX\nKqtVm `qXtbm\n tbmssKI Kay

785

I b hnizw krPXn hnizw _n`n hnizw

`pvtX k Bm B\n Xw Xw temI hnPm
\olo amtimNocm hnm\o timIkymw
KanjyXn
GsXmns\{]m]nmsXbmtWm hmpI a\
tmSp IqSn aSntmIpXv GsXmmtWm m\
KayambncnpXv, bmsXmn \nmtWm, {]mNo\
{]bpsS {]kmcw DmbnpX GsXmmtWm
GIhpw AZznXobhpambncnpXv, \njv {Inb\pw
kXykzcq]\pw NnZm\ssIckhm\pw BImis
tmse kh hym]nbpw AXyw kqvahpw \ncRvP
\pw awKfab\pw AXn imhpw AarXhpw BbnpXv
AXmWv ]c{_w AXp XsbmWv \o. \o AXns\
m\w sImdnbpI. Bmhns ip cq]n
apJy\mb GItZh\pw kh`qXm[nhmk\pw kh`qX
fnepw \nKqVambn hknph\pw `qXfpsS
DXv]n m\hpw tbmssKIKay\pw hnizns
{kjvSmhpw hnizns kwcI\pw, hnizns
kwlmcI\pw B BmhpXsbmWv. Fm temI
fpw B Bmhn hknppshv \o a\nem
pI. \o ZpxJntXn. Bmhns\nbp
hntijm\w e`np ]w \n\v timIns
Ahkm\w (ZpxJanm Ah) {]m]nm km[npXmWv.

aqmw Aymbw
AssY \w
i mW vU ne y x
A Y h mW w
]{]btZIacw \njv{Inbw inhw km{Xw
]cw {_ Xkva mXv IYanZw hnizw PmbtX IYw
obtX I Y w A k van eobtX X X v ta
kwibwtOpalkn ktlmhmNmY hm,
kXyw imWvU ney ]cw {_ \njv {Inba
c anX n A Y k A c q]k y {_ a k v{X oW n
c q] mW n `h n k I fw \ nj v e w k I f
\njv I fw CXn bXv kXyw hnm\am\w
\njv{Inbw \ncRvP \w khKXw kpkqva w
khtXmapJw A\ntZiyw AarakvXn XZnZw
\njIfw cq]w AYmky bm klPm kvXn Ahn
Zymaqe {]IrXn ambmtemlnX ip IrjvWm
Xbm klmbhm tZh x I rj v W ]nwKtfm
atlizcx CujvtS XZZaky kIfnjvIfw cq]w
A\cw imWvU ney AYhmtbmSv tNmZnp.
GI\pw Ac\pw {InbmclnX\pw awKfkzcq]\pw
km{Xhpw Bb ]c{_n \npw Cu hnizw
Fs\bmWpmIpXv? Fs\ nXn sNpp.?
Fs\ AXn ebnpp? Fs Cu kwibw
AIncWw. Atm AYhm ]dp imWvUney,

]camamWv, ]c{_w \njv {Inbhpw Achpw

BsWnepw AXn\p aqp cq]fpv. kIfw \njvIfw
kIf \njvIfw Fns\. kXyhpw hnm\hpw
B\hpw \njv{Inbhpw \ncRvP\hpw Aac\pambncnpXmWv \njvIfcq]w. IqSmsX Cu ]c{_ns
klPamb AhnZym aqe {]IrXnbpw ambbpw sNav
shfpv Idpv Fo \nd tNXpw Dv. ht`ZtmsS Cu tZh Fsbpw FmhcpsSbpw Cuiz
c\pw \nbmhpw Bbnocpp. AXv kIf\njvIf
cq]sas{X.

2. AssYj mXatb\ X]km Nobam\x

AImabX _lp kymw {]PmtbtbXn AssYX
kva mXv X]y am\mXv kXy ImamXv {XoWy
cmWn APmb Xn t{km hymlrXbx {Xn]Zm
Kmb{Xo {Xtbm thZmx {Xtbm tZhm {Xtbm hx
{Xntbmb Pmbt tbmku tZthm `Khm
k ss hi zc y k x k h hy m] n k h`q
Xm\mw lrZtb knhnjvtSm ambmho ambbm
{IUn k {_m k hnjvW p cp{Zx C{x k
kth tZhmx khmWn `qXm\n k Gh ]pc
kvXmXv k Gh ]mXv k GthmcXx k Gh
ZnWXx k thm[ kvXmXv k Gthm]cnjv SmXv
k Gh khw AYmky tZhky Bin
{IoUky `m\pInt\m Zmt{Xb cq]mkp
cq]m X\qcphmkm Cohc Zf {]Jym NXp
_mlpctLmcm ]m] Imin\o XZn Xaky kIew
cq]w
A\cw Cu ]c{_w m\mIamb X]psImv hrn {]m]nv Cs\ B{Klnp. F\nv
At\Iw cq]fn Dev]amIWw. XpSv Cu ]c{_
w X]p sNbvXp. Atm khIma\ItfmSp IqSnb
AXn \npw aqv ActfmSp IqSnb AXn
\npw aqv Acfpmbn AXpt]mse aqv
hymlrXnIfpw aqp ]mZfp Kmb{Xnbpw aqp
thZfpw aqv hfpw aqv AnIfpw {]Xysp. `Kh{Zq]n ksshizcykambn kh
hym]nbmbn kIe {]mWnIfpsSbpw lrZbn IpSn
sImpXmbn ambmhnbmbn ambtbmSp {IoUoIcnpXmbncnp Cu `Khm XsbmWv ]c{_w.
hnjvW phpw cp{Z\pw C{\pw AXp Xs kakv X
tZhmcpsSbpw kakv X `qXlfpsSbpw cq]n
ImWsSpXpw ]c{_w Xs. Cs\ khhpw
AXp Xs. Cu tZh Xs intbmsSmw {IoUn
ph\pw `mcn Ir]bph\pamWv. CXns
icocw Zmt{Xb cq]hpw ZbmXoXhpw ]m]clnXhpw
Bbn {]Iminpp. CXmWv ]c{_ns kIf cq]w.

786

AY ssl\aYhmWmw imWvUneyx ]{]

`Khm km{Xmw NnZm\ssI ckw IkvamZp
NytX ]cw {_tXn ktlmhmYhmb kvamNp
_rKXn _yplbXn N khnXkv a mZpNytX
]cw{_tXn AYIkv a mZpNytX B tXn,
bkva mXv khhm ]vt\mXn khamZt kh
an N Xkvam ZypNytX BtXn AY Ikva mZpNytX atlizc CXv bkvammlX Cui i_vZ
[z\ym N Biym N alX CuitX Xkvam
Zp NytX atl {i CXn A Y I kv a mZ pNy tX
Zmt{Xb CXn bkva mXv kpZpcw X]kvX
]yam\mbm{Xtb]p{X Imam bmXn Xcmw XpjvtS\
`KhXmtPymXn atb\mssh Ztm bkvamXv
N A\kqbmbmat{X X\tbm`hXv XkvamZyptX
Zmt{Xb
CXn AYtbmky \ncpm\n thZ k khw
thZ AY tbmK ssh hnZyssb\w ]cap]mkvtX
tkmlanXn k {_hnZv `hXn Ass{Xt{X
tmIm `hn.
hopw imWvUney AYhmhnt\mSv tNmZnp `Kh, kXykzcq]\pw XymKw ssNX\yw B\w FnhbpsS GIckhpw Bb CXns\ ]c{_sap ]dbpXv Fp sImmWv? Atm AYhmhv ]dp.
CXv kzbw hrnsb {]m]npIbpw aphsc A`nhrnsSppIbpw sNpXp sImv AXns\ ]c{_w
Fp ]dbpp. AXns\ Bmshp ]dbpsXp
sImmWv? AXv khnepw hym]nncnp khsbpw {Klnpp. khsbpw `Pnpp. AXpsImv AXns\ Bmhv Fp ]dbpp. atlizc
Fp ]dbpsXmWv? AXv i_vZw sImpw [z\n
sImpw B in sImpw henbhcpsSsbmw
\nbmhmWv . henbhcpsSsbmw C uizc\mWv .
AXpsImv AXns\ atlizcs\v ]dbpp. AXns\
Zmt{Xb Fp ]dbpsXpsImmWv?AXyw
ZpjvIcamb X]cy sImv A{Xn aljn ]p{X\pm-

IWsa Bi hlnp. Atm tPymXnab\mb `Khm Atln {]kmZnv kzcq]ss Atln\v ]p{X cq]n sImSpp. Atlw Xs
A{XnbpsSbpw A\kqbbpsSbpw ]p{X\mbn AhXcnp.
AXpsImv Atls Zmt{Xbs\v ]dbpp. Cu
kmI \masf AhbpsS DXv]n klnXw Adnbph k\mbno]pp. hnZybm Cu ]cammhns\ D]mknph Rm XsbmWv Cu ]cammhv F `mth\ {_m\nbmbnocpp. CXns\
kw_np tmIfpv.

1.

Zmt{Xbw inhw im an{\oe\n`w {]`pw

BambmcXw tZhah[qXw ZnKw_cw

2.

`kvtamqfnX khmwKw PSmPqS[cw hn`pw

NXp _mlpapZmcmwKw {]^p IateWw

3.

m\tbmK\n[nw hnizKpcpw
tbmKnP\{]nbw
`m\pIn\pw khkmnWw
kn tkhnXw

4.

Ahw bx kXXw [ymtbXv tZh tZhw

k\mX\w
k apx kh ]mt]t`ym \nx
t{ib kahm]p\p
bmXv CtXymw kXyanXyp]\njXv

im\pw awKfmI\pw C{\oew t]mse iymaf

\pw BambmcX\pw Ah[qX\pw `kvt amqfnX
khmwK\pw PSm[mcnbpw hym]I\pw NXp_mlphpw
DZmcmwK\pw XmacI\pw m\tbmK khkzhpw
hnizKpcphpw tbmKnIv {]nbwIc\pw `m\pIn\w
khkmnWw kntkhnX\pw tZhtZh\pw k\mX
\pamb Atls \nccw [ym\nph kh]m]
fn \npw ap\mbn tamw {]m]npp. Cs\
Hw kXyw D]\njv kam]np.
imWvUnteym]njv kam]np,

787

I
1

imco-cn-tIm-]-\n-jv

imn ]mTw
Hmw. kl-\m-h-h-Xp. kl\u `p\-p. klhocyw Ic-hm-hs
- sl. tXP-kzn-\m-h-[o-X-akvXpx am
hnZznjm hssl. Hmw. imnx imnx imnx
]c-{_w Rsf cp-t]-scbpw Hcp-anv cn-s. R cp-t ]-s cbpw Hcp-anv ]cn-] m-e n--s .
R cp-t]cpw Hcp-an Ign-hp-I t\S-s. RfpsS A[y-b\w tXP-kz-bn-I-s. R ]c-kv]cw hntZzjn-m-Xn-cn--s. Hmw. imnx imnx imnx

1. Hmw. AYmXx ]rYn-hymZn alm-`q-Xm\mw ka-hmbw

ico-cw. bXv ITn\w km ]rYn-ho-bZv {Zhw XZm-t]mb-ZpjvWw XttPm bXv k-cXn k hmbp
bXv kpjnXw XZm-Im-iw.
ico-cw, ]rYnhn XpS-nb ]-`q-X
- -fpsS k-bam-Ip-p. CXn ITn-\-am-bn-p-Xv ]rYznbpw {Zh-am-bn-pXv Pehpw DjvWa
- m-bn-p--Xv. tXPpw Ncn-p-Xv
hmbphpw kpjncw BIm-ih
- p-am-Ip-p.

2. t{im{Xm-Zo\n mt\-{n-bmWn t{im{X-am-Imti-hmbu XzKku Np-c]vkp Pnlzm ]r-Ynhymw

{LmW- a n- X n. Gh- a n- {n- b mWmw bYm {Ita- W .
i_vZk
- v]i-cq-]-c-k-K -m-tXn hnjbmx ]rYnhymZn alm-`q-tXjp {Ita-tWm-Xv]mx
t{im{Xw XpS-n-bh mt\-{n-b--fm-Wv. BIm-in t{im{Xhpw hmbp-hn Xzpw tXP-n Nppw
Pe-n \mpw ]rYzn-bn {LmWw, i_vZw, kv]iw,
cq]w, ckw, Kw Fn-h-bp-am-Wv. Ch ]rYzn XpS-nb
alm-`q-X--fn \np-m-Ip-p.

3. hmIv ]mWn ]mZ ]mbq-]-m-Jym\n It-{nbmWn tXjmw {ItaW hNm-Zm\ Ka\ hnkm\m sstX hnjbmx ]rYn-hymZn alm-`q-tXjq
{Ita-tWm-Xv]mx
hmv, Iv, Imev, hmbp, D]w Fnh It{n-b--fm-Wv. Ch-bpsS hnj-b- bYm-{Iaw hN-\w,
Zm\w, Ka-\w, hnk-\w, B\w Fn-h-bm-Ip-p. Ch
]rYzn XpS-nb alm-`q-X
- -fn \np {ItaW Dev]--fm-W.v

4. at\m-_p-n-c-l-m-c -n--a-Xyx IcW NXpjvSbw tXjmw {ItaW kev] hnI-ev]m- y-hkm-bm-`n-am\m h[m-cWm kzcq]m sstX hnjbm
a\x m\w Kfmw _pth-Z\ al-m-c ky
lrZbw Nn-ky-\m-`n-cn-Xn.

K
3

a\-n, _pn, Al-m-cw, Nnw Fnh Ax-Ic-WN

- -Xp-jvSb
- -am-Ip-p. Ch-bpsS hnj-b- bYm-{Iaw
k-ev]-hn-I-ev]- A[y-h-km-bw, A`n-am-\w, Ah-[mcWw Fn-hb
- m-Wv. a\-ns m\w Kf-ns Ay`m-Kpw _pn-bpsS m\w apJhpw Al-m-c-ns
m\w lrZ-bhpw Nn-ns m\w \m`n-bp-am-Wv.

5. An- N - \ m-U o-tcma amwkm-tXn ]rYnhymwimx aq{X-tjva c ip tkzZmx A_wimx

pXv Xrjv W m- e ky taml ssaXp-\ m-\ ytx
{]Nm-cW hnte-J\ qem-Zy-t\zj \nta-j m-Znhmtbmx Ima-t{Im-[-tem` taml `bm-\y-Im-i-ky.
An, Nw, \mUn, tcmaw amwkw Fnh
]rYzn-bpsS Awi- -fm-W v. aq{Xw, I^w, cw,
ipw, hnbv Fnh Pemw-i-f
- m-Wv. hni-v,
Zmlw, Bekyw, tamlw, ssaYp-\w Ch AnbpsS Awi- -fm-Ip-p. {]Nm-c-W w, hnte-J-\w,
qem-Zn-I , Dt-j\
- n-ta-j - Fnh hmbphns Awi- - f m- W v . Imaw, t{Im[w, tem`w,
tamlw `bw Fnh BIm-i-ns Awi--fmIp-p.
6. i_vZk
- v]i cq]-ck Kmx ]rYn ho KpWmx
i_v Z kv ] i cq]- c - k m- m]mw KpWx i_vZ kv]i cq]m-Wmn KpWx i_vZk
- v]tim]vXn
hmbpw KpWu i_vZ GI BIm-i-ky.
i_vZw, kv]iw, cq]w, ckw, Kw Fnh ]rYznbpsS KpW--fm-Wv. i_vZw, kv]iw, ckw Fnh Pens KpW--fm-W.v i_vZw, kv]iw, cq]w Fnh
An-bpsS KpW--fm-Ip-p. i_vZhpw kv]ihpw hmbphns KpW-. i_vZw am{Xw BImins KpW-hpw.

7. kmXznI cmPk Xmak-e-W

- m\n
{Xtbm KpWmx
8. Alnwkm kXy-a-kvtXb {_-Nc
- ym-]c
- n-{Klmx
At{Im[m Kpcp-ip-{iqjm iuNw ktmj
BP-hw.
9. Aam-\nXz aZw-`nXz amkvXn-IXz alnw-kXm
GtX kth-Kp-Wm-tbmx kmXzn-Iky
hnti-jX
10. Alw Imkvay lwt`mm kvaylw
hm `nam-\-hm
GtX KpWx cmP-kky t{]mNy-t
-{_--hn-ssax

788

I 11. \n{Zm-etky taml cmKu-ssa-Yp\w Nucy-tah

GtX KpWm-kvXm-a-kky t{]Nyt
{_-hm-Zn`nx

I-cW
-
- Fn-hbpw tN-XmWv Pm{K-v. kz]v\n \mev Ax-I-c-W
- hkn-p-p. kpjp-]vXm-h-bn tIhew Nnw am{Xw hkn-p-p. Xpco-b-n
Poh am{Xta Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bp-q. Do-en-X\
- m-ao-en-X-fpsS at[y nXn-sN-p Poh ]c-am-m-hns
aty t{X--s\v ]d-b-s-Sp-p.

KpW-{Xbw FXv kmXzn-Iw, cmP-kw, Xmakw Chbm-Wv. Alnw-k, AkvtX-bw, {_-Nc

- yw, A]-cn-{K-lw,
At{Im[w, Kpcp-tk-h, iuNw, ktm-jw, B-hw,
- s
- sI
Aam-\n-Xzw, AZw-`n-Xzw, BkvXn-Iyw, Alnwk Fnh 16. _pnx It-{nb {]mW-]
a-\km [nbm
kmXzn-Is hnti-j-Kp-W--fm-Wv. Rm Im-hm-sWp-ap A`n-am\w cmPk {]Ir-X- m-cp-tS-Xm-sWv {_icocw k]vX Zi`nx kpkqvaw enwK-ap-NytX
hm-Zn-I ]d-bp-p. \n{Z, Be-kyw, tamlw, cmKw, ssaYp17. at\m _pn-cl
-
- mcx Jm\nemn Pem\n `px
\w, tamjWw Fnh Xmak {]Ir-Xn-m-cp-tS-Xm-sWv
GXmx {]Ir-Xb kvXzjvSu hnImcmx
{_-hm-Zn-I A`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-p.

tjmU-i m-] tc

12. Dut[z kmXzntIm

at[y cmPtkm A[-kvXma
k CXn, kXy-m\w
kmXznIw [-m\w

18. t{im{Xw XzIv Np jo Pnlzm-{LmWw

ssNh-Xq-]-aw
]mbp-]u Icu ]Zu hmv ssNh
Ziao aXm

13. cmPkw Xnan-cmw Xma-k-an-Xn.

kmXznIw D-a-am-sWpw cmPkw a[y-a-am-sWpw
cmakw A[-a-am-sWpw ]d-b-s-Sp-p. kXy-m\w
kmXzn-Ihpw [-m\w cmP-khpw Xnan-cm-kv Xmakhpw BsWv ]d-b-s-Sp-p.

14. Pm{KXv kz]v\ kpjp-]vXn Xpco-ba

- nXn
NXphn[mx Ahmx mt\ {nb It{n-bmx IcW NXp-jvSbw NXpZ-i-Ic
- -Wb
- pw
Pm{K-Xv. Ax-Ic
- -WN
- X
- p-jvSssb tch kwbpx
kz]v\x Nnss-II
- c
- Wm kpjp]vXnx tIhe Pohbp tah Xpco-ba
- n-Xn.
15. Do-enX \nao-enX a[y Poh ]c-am--t\m
at[y Pohmm t{X CXn
hnm-b-tX.
Pm{K-Xv, kz]v\w, kpjp-]vXn, Xpcobw Fo \mev
Ah--Ifpw mt\-{nbw, It-{n-bw,X \mev Ax-

19. i_vZx kv]iw N cq]w N ctkm

KkvX ssYh N
{Xtbm hnwiXn tcXm-\n-X-Xzm\n {]Ir-Xm-\nXp
20. NXp hnwi-Xnc hyw {][m\w ]pcpjx
]cx CXyp-]\
- n-jXv
mt\-{n-b -, It-{n-b-, ]-{]m-W, a\-v, _pn Fn-s\ ]Xn-t\gv Fhpw kpkqva--fmb enwK-amWv Fv ]d-bp-s-Sp-p. a\- v, _pn,
Al-m-cw, BIm-iw, hmbp, An, Pew, ]rYzn Fnh
{]Ir-Xn-bpsS AjvS-b-hn-Im-c
- -fm-Wv. t{im{Xw, Xzv,
t\{Xw, Pnlzm, \mkn-I, Ch Apw KpZw, D]-w, lkvX
-]m-Z
- , hmWn Ch Apw i_vZw, kv]iw, cq]w,
ckw, Kw Fo Apw tNv Ccp-]-n-aqv {]Ir
Xn XXz- Dm-Ip-p. Ccp-]-n-\m-em-a-t-Xmb Ahy-n\v hfsc {]m[m-\y-ap-v. ]pcp-j AXn\pw AXoX-\m-Wv. Cs\ imco-c-tIm-]\
- n-jv ]cy-hk
- m-\n-p.
imco-cn-tIm-]\
- n-jv kam-]n-p.

789

I
1

inh-k--evt]m-]-\n-jv

1.

bm{KtXm ZpcaptZXn ssZhw

XZp kp]vXky XssYthXn
Zpcw Kaw tPymXntcIw Xt
inhkev ] akvX p

2.

tb\ ImWv]tkm at\mjntWm

bt Irm hnZt[jp
[ocmxbZ]qhw bax
{]Pm\mw Xt a\x inh
kev] akvXp.

3.

4.

5.

6.

bXv {]m\pX tNXm

[rXn bPtPymXnccarXw
{]Pmkpx bkvam EtX In
\ I {InbtX Xt
a\x inhkev]akvXp
tbt\Zw `qXw `ph\w `hn
jyXv ]cnKrloXartX\
khw tb\ bkvXm
btX k]vX tlmXm Xt
a\x inh kev] akvXp
bkvaorNx kmabpw
jnbkvan {]XnjvTnXm cY\m
`mhnhmcmx bkvanwnw
khtamXw {]Pm\mw Xt
a\x inhkev] akvXp
kpjmcYn izm\nh b\jym
t\obtX `oip`n ehmPn\
Ch lrXv{]XnjvTw bZPncw
PhnjvTw XtXz a\x inhkev]akvXp

K
3

1. `Khms\, bmsXmcp a\v DWncpmepw Ddnbncpmepw Gsd Zqcn t]mIpIbpw kIe C{nb
fnepw BImin \{XmZnIfpsS a[yn kqcy
s\t]mse {]IminpIbp sNpp. B RfpsS
a\ns\ Ir]tbmsS ip` kev]fn tNn
Wnbmepw.
2. `Khms\, bmtXmcp a\n\m tbmKnIfpw PvR m\tbmKnIfpw bw sNp ap\nhcmcpw ip`I
sNpp. As\bpff RfpsS a\ns\ ip`
kev]w tNXmnopI.
3. `Khms\, bmsXmcp a\v Db tImSnbnepff bYm
m\n\v km[\`qXamWv. bmsXmcp kv acW
inbpamWv, bmsXmv Zo]w t]mse {]IminXam
Ipp,hnhn[]Zmfmbn ]cnWan pp, B
RfpsS a\ns\inhkev]hmpI.
4. bmsXmcp a\v `qX`hnjy ham\fpsS m\w
IeXmWv. bmsXmv bmnI{_stmse
icocn \nesImv Fm C{nbsfsmpw
Bmhn\m
Cu icocbs Pzennpp. As\bpff
a\ns\ ip`kev]wIeXmpI.
5. `Khms\, bmsXmcp a\v EIv bPpxkafpsS a[y
n Ahsb kvarXn ]Ynsenp sImv cY
ns N{Ifn Bctmset]mse \nesIm
ffpp, AXns\ Av ip`kev]w tNXmpI.
5. hnZKv[ \mb tXcmfn _ehpw thKhpapff IpXn
IcIsf \nb{npp, AtX {]Imcn bmsXmcp
a\v Nnmioecmb a\pjycpsSbpw hnZzmmcpsSbpw
amw Impp, bmsXmv lrZbn \nesImffpp,
hmIyadnbmXmIpp. in imenbmIpp, B
a\ns\ ip`kev]bpamnsbvXmepw
inhkevt]m\njv kam]np.

Q
N

790

I
1

ipI-c-l-tkym-]-\n-jv

imn-]mTw
Hmw kl \mh-hXp kl \u `p\p klhocyw Ic-hm-hssl tXPkzn \mh-[o-X-akvXp am
hnZzm-jm-hssl Hmw imnx imnx imnx

b{Xo a{w D]-tZ-in-m-\p kabw ASp-n-cn-p-p.

Av PKZv Kpcp-hm-Wtm? AXn-\m {_-s--nbpw
]c-am XXz-s- -nbpw D]-tZ-in--Ww.

4.

Hmw ]c-{_w \s cp t]tcbpw cn--s. AXv

\s cp t]tcbpw ]cn-]m-en- -s. \mw cp t]cpw Hcpanv Ign-hp-I t\S-s. R-fpsS A[ym-b\w tXtPm-a-bam-Is
- . \mw ]c-k]
v cw hntZzjw ]pem-Xn-cn--s. Hmw
imnx imnx imnx

1. AYmtXm cl-tkym-]-\n-jZw hymJym-kymtam

tZhjtbm {_mWw kw]qPy {]Wn-]-Xy-]-{]p`-K -h--kvamIw cl-tkym-]-\n-jZw
{_qloXn tkm f A{_hoXv
]pcm thymtkm alm-tXPm I
kthZ Xt]m-\n[nx I
{]Wn-]Xy inhw kmw_w I
IrXm-RvP-en-cp-hmN l II

Cuizcx DhmN:atbm-]-Znt ssIhtey I

kmmXv {_Wn imiz-tX, I
hnlmb ]pt{Xm \nth-ZmXv I
{]Imiw bmkyXn kzbw II

inh ]dp: kmmXv k\m-X-\-amb {_-sn A- bpsS ]p{X\v D]- tZiw sImSp- m Ah khkzhpw Dt]-nv sshcmKyw kzoI-cnv kzbw {]Imi cq]n \ne-sIm-pw.

5.

{ioth-Z-hymk DhmN:
bYm XYm hm `hXp I
lyp]m-\ -b-\-IaWn I
D]-Znt aa kptX I
{_Wn XzXv {]km-ZXx

hopw cl- tkym-]-\n-j-n-s\- n ]d- bp-p. Hcn-

6. khtm `hXp n{]w I
tZhjn-am {_m-hns\ ]qPnv \a-kI
v -cn tijw Ataa ]pt{Xm atl-izc I
l-tmSp ]d-p. ""`K-hm-t\, Rv KqV-amb D]-\nXh {]km-Z-k-tm I
j-Xzw D]-tZ-inp Xmepw'' AXp-tIv {_mhv ]dp.'' apsm-cn- kh-th-Z-\pw alm-tX-P-kznbpw
et`-pnw NXphn[mw II
Xt]m-\n-jT
v -\p-amb thZ-hym-k ]mhXo kta-X-\mb `KthZ-hym-k ]dp: Fp-am-bn-sm--s. Cu
hm inhs\ \a-kvI- cnv sXmgpXv At- l- tmSp ]d-p.
btm-]-\-ho-X-k-a-bv A-bn \npw {_-m2. {io thZ-hymk DhmNx
t\m-]-tZiw kzoI-cnv Ah hfsc thKw kh--\mbn- o-c p-I bpw A-b psS A\p-{K-l - m Ah\v
tZh-tZh alm {]m- I
NXphn-[- tamw e`n-p-Ibpw sN-s.
]mi-t-ZZ- rV {hX I

ipIky ta X\q-Pky I
thZ-kw-kvImc IWn I
3.

{_tm-]-tZi Imteym f
ban-Zm\ow kap-]-nXx II
{_tm-]-tZix Ihyx
`h-XmZy PK-ZvKptcm I

{io thZ-hym-k ]dp: "tZh tZh alm-tZh alm{]m- , Pohs {]] ]miw hnt-Zn-p alm-{]-t`m,
Fs ]p{X- \mb ipIs thZm-[ym-b\w Bcw- `n-p-tm
A\p-jvTn-t btm-]-ho-X-I-n {]W-h-Km-

7.

XXv {ipXzm hymk hN\w I

kh-tZ-hjn kwkZn I
D]-tZpw nXx iw`px I
kmwt_m Znhym kt\ apZm

hymks B hmp tIv `K-hm i-c {]k-\mbn ]mh-Xn-bp-samp tZhjn-am-cpsS k`-bn D]tZiw sImSp-m-\mbn Hcp Znhy-]o-T-n Ccp-p.

8.

IrX-IrXyx ipI-kvX{X I
kam-KXy kp`-n-am I
XkvamXv kp{]-Whw e_v[zm I
]p\-cnXy {_hoXv inhw II

791

IrX-Ir-Xy\pw `n- am- \p-amb ipI `K- hm inhs\ 16.

\a-kI
v c
- n--Xn-\p-tijw {]W-h-in kzoI-cnv ]d-p.

9.

{io ipI Dhm-N

tZhm-Zn-tZh kh I
kn-Zm-\--e-W I
Dam-c-aW `qtXi I
{]koZ Icp-Wm-\nt[ II

cl-tkym-]-\n-jZv {_ I
[ymXw tb\ hn]-nXm I
Xossx ass{-{ ip-ssXP-ss]y
kvXky Inw ]pWy-tl-Xp`nx

17. hmIymky hnNm-tcW I

bZm-]vt\m-Xn-i-c-Xw I
GI-hm-c-P-t ]-s s\h I
tZh-tZ-h, kh- kn- Zm- \- -e-- W, Da- ]-tX, `qtXEjym-Zn-[ym-\-X bXv II
i, Icp-Wm-\nt[ Ap Fn {]km-Zn-m-epw.

{io ]c-a-in-h ]dp: m\ \n[n-bmb ipI-tZh, Av bYm-n _pn-am-\m-Wv, thZ--fpsS clky-a-bhpw mX-hy-hp-amb hnj-b--sf--n-bm-Wtm
tNmZnN--Xv. AXn- \m Av cl- tkym-]- \n-jv Fp
t]cp Cu \nKqV XXzw jUw-K-\ymk klnXw D]-tZinmw. CXns m\w t\Sn-bm tamw knn-p-sa-Xn kwi-b-an-. AwK-lo-\
- -fmb hmIy- Kpcp
11. t{imXp anNvOman XtXz\ I
D]t
Zi
n
m
]mSn
.
Fm
almhm-Iy--sfbpw jUw-KjUw-Km\n bYm-{Iaw I
k- lnXw Xs D]- tZ-in- t--Xp- v. NXpth-Z--fnepw D]h-hym\n cl-kym\n I
\n-j-Z`v mKw kh-t{i-jvT-am-sW-Xp t]mse Fm D]-\nIr]-bmZy Zminh II
j-p-I-fnepw shv Cu cl-tkym-]-\n-jv t{ijvT-am-W.v
- \v
{]W-hm--kz-cq-]s
- --nbpw AXnepw AXo-X-ambn Cu D]-\n-j-ns ]T-\m-\p-jvTm-\- \nh-ln-h
]pWy
n\v
ImcW
a
mb
Xok
\
v
m\
tam
thZmZ
n]
mT
tam
nXn sNp ]c-{_-s
- --nbpw Av D]-tZ-in-p.
Fm F\nv XXz-akn XpS-n-b-hm-Iy-sf jUw-\- P]m-Zn-Itfm Hpw Bh-iy-an-. \qdp hjw alm-hm-Iy-\ym-k- {Ia klnXw tIm Bi- bp--Xn-\m Fn sf-n hnNn-s\ sNbvXm Inp ^ew hmIy--fpsS
Zb-hp- mbn AXn-c- l-ky-- fmb B alm-hm-Iy-sf hni- D]-m-Xm--fmb Ejn-amsc kvacn--Xp-sImpw Nn- \mZn-I sImpw Hcp XhW P]n-m e`n-p--Xm-W.v
Z-ambn D]-tZ-inp Xm-epw.

10. D]-Znw ]cw-{_ I

{]W-hm-KXw ]cw I
Xz-a-k ym-Zn-hm-I ym\mw I
{]m-Zo\mw hnti-jXx II

12. {io kZm-inh DhmNx-

km[p km[p alm {]m I
ipI, m\ \nt[ apt\ I
{]hyw Xp Xzbm ]rw I
clkyw thZ-K`nXw II
13. cl-tkym-]-\n-j-mav\m I
kj-Uw-Kan tlmNytX I
bky hnm-\-am-t{XW I
tamw kmm kwibx II
14. AwK-lo-\m-\n-hm-Iym\n I
Kpcpt\m-]-Zn-tiXv ]p\x I
kj-Uw-Km-\yp-]-Znti I
alm-hm-Iym-\ n-Ir-\v ix II
15. NXpWm-a]n thZm\mw I
btYm-]-\n-j{Zx incx I
Cbw cl-tkym-]-\nj I
tYm-]-\n-jZmw incx II

Hmw Aky-{io-a-lm-hm-Iy-a-lm-a-{ky lwk

Ejnx, Ahy Kmb{Xn Ox, ]ca lwtkm tZhXm-lw. _oPw. kx inx. tkmlw, Ioe-Iw, aa
]c-a-lwk {]oXyt Pt] hn\n-tbmKx, kXyw
m\-a-\w {_, AwKp-jvTm`ymw \ax, \nXym
\t {_ X-\o`ymw kzmlm \nXym-\
- -abw
{_Mva-a-[ym-am`ymw hj-Sv, tbm ssh `qam A\m-anIm`ymw lpw, tbm ssh `qam-[n-]Xnx I\n-jvTn-Im`ymw
huj-S v, GI-ta-h m-Zzn-X obw {_ Ic-X -e -I -c -] rjvTm`ymw ^Sv, kXyw m\-a-\w {_-lr-Z-bmb
\ax, \nXym-\tm {_ inctk kzmlm \nXym-\-abw {_ inJmssb hj-Sv, tbm ssh `qam IhNmb lpw, tbm ssh `qXm-[n-] Xnx t\{X-{X-bmb
hujSv GI-ta-hm-Zzn-Xobw {_ Akv{Xmb ^Sv,
`q`p-h-kz-tcm-anXn ZnKv_x

[ym\w
\nXym-\w ]c-a-kp-JZw tIhew
m\-aqnw I
Zzmzm-XoXw KK\ kZriw XXz-a-kym-Zn-eyw I

792

1.
2.
3.
4.

GIw \nXyw hna-e-a-New kh[o

kmym-`qXw I
`mh-XoXw {XnKpW clnXw kZvKpcpw
Xw \aman II
AY alm-hm-Iym\n NXzmcn bYm
Hmw {]m\w {_
Hmw Alw {_m-kvan.
Hmw Xz-a-kn.
Hmw Ab-amm {_.

XXz-a-ko-Xy-t`-Z-hm-N-I-anZw tb P]n tX inhkm-bq-Py-ap-n-`mtPm `h-n, XXv ]Z-alm a{ky

]c-a-l wkx Ejnx Ahy- -Km-b {Xn Ox, ]c-alwtkm tZh-Xm, lw _oPw, kx inx, tkm f
lyw Ioe-Iw, aa kmbq-Py-ap-yt Pt]-hn-\ntbmKx, XXv ]pcp-jmb AwKp-jvTm`ymw \ax, Cuim\mb XP-\o`ymw kzmlm AtLm-cmb a[y-am`ymw
hjSv ktZym-Pm-Xmb A\m-an-Im`ymw lqw, hma-tZhmb I\n-jvTn-Xm`ymw huj-Sv, XXv]p-cpjx im\mtLmc ktZym-Pm-Xh
- m-a-tZ-tht`ymx \ax, Ic-X-e-Ic
]rjvTm`ymw ^Sv Ghw lrZ-bm-Zn-\ymkx `q`q-hkp-h-tcmw-anXn ZnKv_x

in, ]mm Ioe- Iw, Poh- {_-ss-Iymt Pt] hn\ntbmKx ]rYn-hr-_-Zz-Wp-Imb AwKp-m`ymw \ax A_vZzWp-Xmb XP-\o`ymw kmlm, tXtPm_vZz WImb a[yam`ymw hjSv hmbp- _vZz-Wp- Imb A\m- an-Im`ymw lpw, BImKv_vZz-Wp-Imb A\m-an-Im`ymw hujSv ]rYn-hr-]tv X-tPm-hmbv]m- Imi _vZrWp- tI`yx Ic- X-e-I-c- ]r- jvTm`ymw ^Sv, `q`qh
kph-tcm-anXn ZnKv_x,

[ym\w
Pothm {_tXn hmIymw I
bmh-ZkvXn a\xnXn I
sFIyw XXzw etb Iph I
[ymtb-Zkn ]Zw kZm I
Ghw alm-hm-Iy-jUw Km\yp-m\n
\mep alm- hm-Iy- {]tXyIw A\p-kva-cn- m BSNm-cy \nt-in-p-p.

1.
2.
3.

[ym\w
m\w tbw m\-K-aym-Z-XoXw I
ipw _pw ap-a-]y-hybw N I
kXyw m\w kn-Zm-\ cq]w I
[ymtb tZhw Xtlm {`mam\w I
Xzw ]c-a-lm-a-{ky hnjvWp-E-jn, Kmb{Xn
Otm, ]c-am-m-tZ-h-Xm, sFw_o-Pw, ow inx,
ku Ioe-Iw, aa apyt Pt] hn\n-tbmKx,
hmkp-tZ-hmb AwKq-jvTm`ymw \ax, kj-Wmb
X-\o`ymw kzmlm, {]Xyp-av\mb a[y-am-`ymw-hj-Sv, A\n-cp-mb A\m-an-Im`ymw lpw, hmkp-t Zhmb I \njv T n- I m`ymw huj - S v , hmkp- t Zh
kjtW {]Xyp-av\m-\n-cp-t`yx `p`ph kztcmanXn ZnKv_x,

[ym\w
PohXzw kh-`q-Xm\mw I
kh-{Xm-J hn{Klw I
Nnm-l-m-c-b- mcw I
PohmJyw Xzw ]Zw `tP II
Akn ]Z-a-lm-a-{ky a\x Ejnx, Kmb{Xo Ox,
A- \m- co-iztcm tZh- Xm, Ahy-m-ZnU-_o- Pw, \rknwlx

4.

Hmw {]m\w {_
(sF-X -tc-tbm-]-\n-j- v)
Alw {_mkvan
(_r-l-Z m-c-W y-tIm-]-\ n-j-v)
Hmw XXz-akn
(Om-tm-tKym-]-\n-j- v)
Ab-amm {_
(am-p-tIym- ]-\n-j - v)

Hm-as alm-hm-Iy-ns A\p-kva-cWw kmbqPy-{]-Zm-b-I-am-sWv ]d-b-s-Sp-p.

AY cl- tkym- ] - \ n- j - Zzn- ` m- Ktim hmIymtmImx t{]mNy-t

tbt\-tX irtWm-XoZw I
Pn{LXn hymI-tcmXn N I
kmZz-kmZp hnPm-\mXn I
XXv {]m\ apZo-cnXw II
NXp-p-tJ-{-tZ-thjp a\p-j ym-iz-K-hm-Znjp
ssNX-\y-taIw {_m-XZv {]m\w
{_-a-]n
]ns cl-tkym-]-\n-j-ns hn`m-K-a-\p-k-cnv almhm-Iy--fpsS Advhpw [ymtm-I-fpw ]d-bp-p. PohnI GXp aptJ-\- bmtWm ImWp-Ibpw tIp-Ibpw aWn-p-Ibpw kzmZpw ZpkzmZpw Adn-bp-Ibpw sNp-Xv
AXv {]m-\-sav ]d-bp-p. {_mhv C{ tZh-m
a\p- jy IpXnc ]ip apX-emb arK- Fn- h-bnepw ap
kI-e-Po-hn-I-fnepw Htc Hcp ssNX-\y-kz-cq-]-amb {_w
Xs-bmWv nXn sNp--Xv. B {]m\w {_
Fnepw nXn sNp-p.

793

I 18. ]cn-]q ]cm-m-kvan I

tZtl hnZym[n ImcnWn I
_pt kmn Xbm nXzm I
qc--l-ao-Xn-cytX II
19. kzXx ]qx ]cm-m{X I
_A i_vtZ\ hnXx I
Akv ao-s sXy-I y-]-cm-ai
kvtX\ {_ `hm-aylw
Cu a\pjy icocw Xs-bm-Wv, {_-hn-Zym- {]m-]vXnv
A[n-Im-cn. AXn kmn cq]-n nXn sNp ]cam- mhp Xs- bmWv _pn-kv^p-c- W-ap-m-Ip-tm
""Rm Fv ]d-b-s-Sp--Xv. ]cn-]q-amb ]c-am-mhp
Xs- bmWv ChnsS {_ Fv ]d-b-s-n-cn-p--Xv.

20. GI Ghm-Zzn-Xob k
ma cq]-hn-hPnXw I
krtx ]pcm-[p-\m-]yky I
XmZrzw XZn-Xo-cytX

24. hmNyw ey-anXn Zzn[m kcWnx

hem-Nyky ln Xzw]tZ I
hmNyw `uXn-I-an-{n-bm-Zn-c-]n-b-yw
Xzam kx I
hmNyw XXv]-Zao iXm-Ir-X-a-Xne`yw
Xpk-nXv kpJm
\ {_ XZ Gj N
Xtbm-sscIyw XzkoZw ]Zw II
25. XzanXn XZnXn Imtcy ImctW kXyp-]m[u I
ZznX-b-an-X-c-ssYIw kn-Zm-\-c
- q]w I
D`-b-h-N\
- -tlXp tZim-Imeu N lnXzm I
PKXn `hXn tkm f bw tZh-Ztm bssYIx
26. Imtcym-]m-[n-cbw Pohx I
Imc-tWm-]m-[n-co-izc I
Imcy-Im-c-WXmw lnXzm I
]q-t_mt[m f h injytX II

alm-hm-Iy-ns A m\-n \nv hmNysbpw A-sbpw A\p-k-cn--Ww. hmNy-a-\p-kcnv C{n-bm-Zn-I "Xzw' F-Xns hmNy-am-Wv. Fm
C{n-b
- pw AXo-X-amb hnip ssNX\yw XsbmWv eymw. Cs\ AXv F hmNyw kh- m- IXzw Cuiz-cXzw Fo KpW-ssh-in-y--tfmSp IqSnb
22. Zriy-am-\ky khky I
]c-am-mhpw e`ymw kn-Zm-\--a-b-amb {_-hp-am-IpPK- Xk
- vX -Xz-ao-cytX I
p. AXp-sImv ChnsS "Akn' F ]Z-m cp ]Z{_ i_vtZ\ XXv {_ I
-fp-sSbpw eymw aptJ\ Pohm--]-c- am-m--fpsS
kz{]-Im-im cq]Iw
GIo-`m- hs {]Xn-]m-Z n-n-cn-p-p. Imcy-Im-c-W--fmb
krnp apv ssZzX-`m-h\bnm \ma-cq-]-c-ln-X- D]m-[n-IsImp Xs "Xzw' "XXv' Fnh Xn t`Z-aphp-amb Hcp k Dm-bn-cp-p. B {_w XXv F ]Z- v. D]m[n cln-X-am-bm cpw Htc kn-Zm-\w Xs.
m {]Xn-]m-Zn--s-p. Xzw F ]Z-m ]d-b-s-n-cn- {]]--nepw AXp Xs-bm- Wv. AXn \nv "CXv', "AXv'
p- Xv D]-tZiw tIp injys C{n-bm-Xo-X-sap F-`mhw \on-bm A-c-c-ln-X- amb Hp-Xs AhtXmp icocw Xs. Akn F ]Zw sImv Poh- ti-jn-p-p. Cu Poh Imtcym-]m-[n-bp-hpw {_w
sbpw {_-n-sbpw GIXzw tZymXn-p-p.
Imc-tWm-]m[n kln-X-hpw BIp-p. Cu Imcy-Im-c-tWm]m-[n-Isf ]cn- Xy- Pn-m m\-kz-cq]w Ah- ti- jn-p-p.
23. A\m--Zr-t-c-hn-th-I-\ n{Zm

21. t{imXptZ-tl-{n-bm-XoXw I
hkvXz{X Xzw ]tZ-cnXw I
GIXm {KmlytX f koXn
XssZ-Iy-a-\ p-`q-b Xmw

alw aa kz]v\-KXnw KtXm f lw I

kzcq-]-kqtcym f `ypZntX kv^ptSmtx I
Kptcm-lm-hm-Iy-]ssZx{]_ptx II

27. {ihWw Xp Kptcmx ]qhw I

a\\w XZ-\-cw I
\nZn-[ym-k -\-an-tXy-XXv I

]q-t_m-[ky ImcWw II
A\m-- hk
- X
v p-hn B-_pn Dm-b-Xp-\n-anw
Rm Am-\m-- Im-c-n ]Xnv Rms\pw Ft- 28. A\y-hnZym ]cn-m\ I
sX-p-ap tamlm-I nXn-bn Fn--gn-n-cn-pahiyw \izcw `thXv I
p. Kpcp-tZ-h\
- n \npw F\np e`n alm-hm-tIym-]{_-hnZym ]cn-m\w I
tZ-i-m B kzcq-]-am-Ip kqcys Bhn`m-hm Fs Dd--n\v `wKw hn-cn-p-p.
{_-{]m]vXn Icw kvarXw II

794

I 29.

alm-h m-Iym-\p-]-Zn-tiXv I
kj-Uw-Km\n tZinIx I
tIhew \ln hmIym\n I
{_tWm hN\w bYm II

Kpcp apJ-n \n BZyw tIWw tI-Xn-\ptijw a\\w sN-W w. ]ns \nZn-[ ymkw thWw
Fm am{Xta m\w ]q-am-hp-I-bp-q. F{X-am{Xw
\-Xp-t]mse A`y-kn-mepw ap hn-Zy-I-fn \np e`np m\w Xo-bmbpw \iz-c-am-Wv. Fm {_hn-Zym-]-cn-m-\w-n-chpw {_ {]m]vXn Ic-hp-am-Ip-p.
BNm-cy injy\v alm-Im-hy- D]-tZ-in--Xp-sImv
am{X-ambn Fv {_mhv A\p-im-kn-n-cnp-p.

30. Gh-apzm ap\n-t{ijvTx I

cl-tkym-]-\n-jXv ipIx abm
]n{Xm-\p-\o-tX\ I
hymtk\ {_-hm-Zn\m II
31. XtXm {_tm-]-Znw ssh I
kn-Zm-\ eWw I
Poh-px kZm [ym-b I
XXkvXzw hnl-cn-jykn II
32. tbm thZmZu kzcx t{]mtm I
thZmt N {]Xn-jvTnXx Xky I
{]Ir-Xn-eo-\ ky I
bx ]cx k atl-izcx II
]c-ta-iz-c ]dp: ""ipI-tZ-hm, A-bpsS ]nXmhmb thZ-hym-k {_-Pm-Rm-\n-bm-Wv. At-l-n
{]oX- \mbn Rm Av Cu cl-tkym-]-\n-jv D]-tZinp Xcp-p. CXn hn-n-cn-p-Xv kn-Zm-\ kzcq]-amb {_w Xs. Av {_s \nXyhpw [ym\nv
Poh-p--\m-Ip-I. thZm-cw-`-n D-cn--s-Sp-Xpw
thZm-- n {]Xn-jT
v n-X-hp-amb Hmw Imc kzcw AXns
{]Ir-Xn-bn XmZmyw {]m]n--Xn\p tijw AXn\p AXoX-\m-bn-p--h-\mWv kmm ]cm-]-c.

33. D]-Znx inth-t\Xn I

PK---bXmw KXx

Dmb {]Wn-]-tXyiw I
Xymm-tij ]cn-{Klx II
34. ]c-{_--]-tbm-cmiu I
h-nh bbu XZm I
{]{h-Pw Xam-temIy I
IrjvW-ssZz-]m-bt\m ap\nx II

35. A\p {hP-m-Pp-lmh I

]p{X-hn- t-j-Im-Xcx I
{]Xn-t\-Zp-kvXZm kth I
PKXv mhc PwKamx II
36. XXv {ipXzm kI-em-Imcw I
hymkx kXy-h-Xo-kpXx I
]pt{XW klnXx {]oXym I
]c-am-\--ap-t]-bn-hm II
{io ]cainhs Cu D]-tZiw tIv ipI-tZ-h
kakvX hnizm-k-nepw X-b-\mbn Fgp-tv `K-hms\
{]W-anv kh-]-cn-{K-l-fpw ssIhnp ]c-{_-mw- _p-[nbn \on-bX
- p-t]mse B\-a
- --\mbn AhnsS \npw
]pd-s-p. AXp- Iv thZ-hym-k ]p{X hncl ZpxJnX-\mb
]p{Xs t] hnfnv At-ls ]np-Sp. Atm
At-l-ns hnfnv Dcw sImSp-Xv {]]--nse
kq PU-tN-X\ ]Zm--fm-bn-cp-p. AtXmsS
Xs ]p{X kq-ambpw hniz-a-b-\m-sWp ImWpIbpw hymk\pw ipI-s\-tmse ktm-j-tmsS ]c-am\w Bkz-Zn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

37. tbm cl-tkym-]-\ n-j-Z-a-[otX Kph-\p-{K-l mh-] m] hn\napx kmmXv ssIh- e y-a iv\ ptX kmmXv ssIh-ey-a-i v\ ptX CXyp-] -\njv
Kpcp-hns A\p-{K-l-m bmsXm-cm Cu cltkym-]-\n-jv A[y-b\w sNptm Abm kh-]m-]hn-\n-p--\m-bn-ov ssIheyw {]m]n-p-p.
ipI-c-l-tkym-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

Q
N

795

3
1 {iocm-a-]qh-Xm-]n-\yp-]-\n-jv
Hmw `{Zw It`nx irW-bma tZhm `{Zw ]tiyam- -Zncy P{Xm nssc- c w- K- k vX p- phmw k
kvX\q-`nhy-tia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx kzkvXn \
Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \x ]qjm hntiz-thZx
kzkvXn \ kvXmtym Acn--t\an kzkvXn t\m
_rl-kv]X
- n Z[mXp Hmw imnx imnx imnx
tZh-msc R ImXp- I sImv \pX ImWp- amdm-I-tW. kpZr-V--fmb AwK--fmepw ico-c
- mepw
\nsf kvXpXnp sImv tZh-m \nv \n-bn-np Bbpp apgp-h\pw R A\p-`-hn--tW. almIon-am-\mb C{ Rv \ sN-tW. kh-\mb ]qjm-tZ-h Rv \ sN-tW. A{]-Xntcm-[y-K-Xn-bmb Kcp-U Rv \ sNtW. _rlkv]Xn Rv \ sN- tW. Hmw imnx imnx imnx

Hmw D]-\n-jv
1. Nn-tb-k van alm-h njvW u PmtX Zi-ctY
lcu ctLm Ipte-Jnew cmXn cmPtX tbm alonXx
2. k cma CXn temtIjp hnZzZv`nx {]I-So-IrXx
hnZzZv`nx {]I-Sn-IrXx cmkm tb\ acWw bmn
tkz t{ZI-tXm-f-Yhm

sXv Nne ]d-bp-p. B-tm-- Xn-bm BcpsS _eamtWm `qan-bn {]kn--am-bXv AXv cma-s\v Nne ]dbp-p. cmlp N{s\ {]`m-lo-\-\m-p--Xp-t]mse cmk-msc {]`m- lo- \-cm-n-b-Xn- \m Atlw cma- \m- bn. cmPym[n-Im-cn-I-fmb cmPm--mv t{ijvT-amw D]-tZ-in-pIbpw [ym\-\n-c-Xv sshcmKyw {]Zm\w sNp-Ibpw
\maw sNp--hsc m\-am-n-tev \bn-p-Ibpw
sNbvX- Xn-\m-emWv cmsav t] h-sXv Nne A`n-{]mb-s-p. A\-\pw \nXym-\-\pw NnZm-m-hp-amb bmsXmcp-h-\n tbmKn-I can-p- p. Ah-\mWv cma. cma ]Zw
sImv ]c-{_--amWv kqNn-n-p--Xv.

7. Nn-bky ZznXo-bky \njvI-f-kym ico-cnWx

D]m-kI
- m\mw Imcymw {_tWm cq]-I-ev]\m
8. cq]-m\m tZh-Xm\mw ]pwkv{Xyw-Km-kv{XmZn
Iev]\m ZznN- X zmcn jU - m\mw Zi ZzmZi
tjmUi
9. Am-Z-imjo IYnXm lkvXmx iwJm-Zn-Zn-cypXm
kl-{km-m-hm Xmkmw h-hm-l\ Iev]\m
10. in-tk\m Iev]\m N {_m-tWyhw ln][ m Ie v ] n- X ky ico- c ky Xky tk\mZn
Iev]\m

3. cma-c ma `pXzn JymX a`n cmtaW hm ]p\x

cm-km-p cqt]W cmlp-\-kn-XPw bYm

11. {_m Zo\mw hmN-tImbw at{m-f-\zmZn

kwIm P]vXthym a{n-Wm-ss\\m hn\m-tZhx
{]ko-ZXn

4. {]`-lo\mw XYm IrXzm cmPymlWmw alo`r-Xmw [-amw Ncn-t{XW m\-amw N\maXx

12. {Inbm ItXn IqWm aw at{m-hZ- X yY a\- X mXv {XmW- \ m- { khm- N yky
hmNIx

5. XYm-t[ym-t\\ sshcmLy ssaizcyw kzky]q-P -\ mXv XYm cmXyky cmamJy `phn kymZY
XXzXx

13. tkm`-b -k ymky tZhky hn{Ktlm b{-I ev]\m hn\m bt{W tNXv ]qPm tZhXm \ {]koZXn

6. cat tbmKn-t\m-\t \nXy-\t NnZm-\n

CXn cma ]tZ-\mku ]c-{_-m`n [obtX

Nn-b\pw AZzn-Xo-b-\p-amb {_w tZh-c-ln-X\pw

Awi-c-ln-X\pw AZzn-Xo-b\pw {]mIr-X\pw BsW-nepw
Nn-b\
- mb alm-hnjvWp cLp hwi-P-\mb Zi-c-Ya
- - `- m-cpsS B{Klw \nd-th-m Atlw BImcw kzoIlm-cm- Pm-hns ]p{X- \mbn P\n- -tm At- l-ns t]Pv cn-p-p. ]c-am--kz-cq-]-n nXn sNp tZhcma Fm-bn-cp-p. hnZzm-m cma-i_vZw hymJym-\n-p- mp am{X-amWv ]pcp-j kv{Xo AwKw Akv{Xw Fo
sImv Cs\ ]d-n-p-v. `qan-bn Ignv k-\- cq]--fn k-ev]-ap-Xv `K-hms kmIm-c-cq]w hyXy-fpsS B{K-l-sfbpw ]qo-I-cn-p--h\pw cmPm- kvX--fmb Ah-Xm-c--fn cv \mev Bdv Fv ]{v
hns cq]-n tim`n-p--h\
- p-amWv cma. cm-k- ]Xn-\mdv ]Xn- s\v ssII Dsv hn- n- cn-p-p. Ahmv Bcp apJm-ncw acWw `hnp Atlw cma-\m- bn `K-hm iwJ-N-{Im-Zn-I [cn-n-p-v. Fm hnizWv. A`n-cm-a-\m-b-Xp-sIm-mWv cma-s\p ]d-bs
- -Sp-- cq]w [cn- p-tm At\Iw ssII tNcp-p. Cu Fm-

796

I cq-]-v hn`n \nd-epw hN-\m-Zn-I-fp-ap-v. hn`n-i-n-Ifpw Bbp-[-fpw `K-hm-\p-v. As\ kqcy

KW-]Xn Zp XpS-nb cq]--fn hn-hn-[Iev]\
- -I
Dv. hrm-Zn-P-U]
- -Zm--fp-sSbpw {_mhp hscbp tZh-X-I-fp-sSbpw hmNIw cma-a{w Xs. a{-Zo-kzo-I-cnv th-hn[w km[-\-sN-bvXm `K-hXv {]kmZ-ap-m-Ip-p. A`o--kn-n-mbn km[-I-m a{-Zo
kzoI-cn-p-p. a\\w {XmW\pw Ch-bpsS KpW-hn-tijw
tN-Xm-Ib
- m-emWv a{w F t] knn-Xv kh
A`n-t[-b--fp-sSbpw hmNIw a{-am-W.v kv{Xo ]pcp-j-cq]-n {]Xn-jvTn--s-n-cn-p `K-hm\v hn{K-l-b{w
cNn--s-n-cn-p-p. ImcWw b{\ IqSm-sX-bp
A\ tZh-m-cpsS {]oXnv ]cym-]X
v -a-.

cmw D]-\n-jv
1. tkmh`qtPym-Xn-tbm-\ cq]n tkzss\
h `mktX Poh-tXz-t\-Ztamw bky krn-nXn
eb-k yN
2.
Imc- W - t Xz\ Nnnym cPx kXz Xtam
KpssW bssYh hm _oPx {]mIr-X alm{Zpax
3. XssYh cma _oPw PK-tZ-X-Np-cm-Ncw cYmcqVm \p-bky i-b-kvXn{k GhN CXn
4. koX-c mau X-bm-h{X ]qPyu PmX-\ym`ymw
`ph-\ m\n Zznk]vX x nXm\n N {]l-X m-t\yh
tbjp XtXm cmtam am \thm amb-bm-[ymXv PKXv
{]mWm-bm--t\-f kvs sa \ax kym-a -kvs sXIyw
{]h-tZXv {]miv KpW-t\-Xn.
kmIm-c-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c kzbw `px Fv hnti-jnn--s-Sp-p. Atlw kzbw Bhn`-hn-p-p. tPymXn-b-\m-W-tlw kmIm-c\pw A\--\p-am-W-t-lw. tZi-Imem-Xo-X -\p-amWv ssNX-\y-i-n-sImv {]mW-cq-]- n
Fm tZl-Im-cn-I-fnepw hkn-p-p. kXzcPkvXtam KpW-fm hnizw krnv cnv kwl-cn-p--X-t-l-am-W.v
Cu {]]-hpw HmwIm-c-amb amb-cq]w Xs {_mhnjvWp inh Fo {Xnaqn-Ifpw krn nXn
kwlm-c-Im-cn-Wn-I-fmb in- Ifpw Fmw cmas c Imcn A[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv. _oP-a-{-n koXbmIp
{]Ir-Xnbpw cma-\m-Ip ]pcp-j-\p-a-S-p-p. Fm temI
hpw Cu cp-t]-cn \npw Dm-bn. cma eoe-tbmsS
kzbw a\p-jy-cq-]vX-Xn {]Xy-am-b-XmWv hniz-{]m-W\pw
hnizm-m-hp-amb cma\v \a-kvImcw C\w \a-kvI-cnv
KpW-pw apv {]I-S-amb {_-cq-]n-bmb cma-t\mSp
IqSn Xm GIo-`-hn-p-sImv Rm cma-cq-]-bmb {_
Xs- bmWv Fv D-cn-p-I.

aqmw D]-\ n-jv

1. kz`q-c vtPym-Xn-tbm-\ cq]n tkzss\h

`mktX Poh-tXz-t\-Ztamw bky krn-nXn ebkyN
2. Imc- W - t Xz\ Nn ym cPx kXz Xtam
KpssW bssYh hm _oPx {]Ir-X alm{Zpax
3. XssYh cma _oPw PK-tZ-X-Np-cm-Ncw cYm
cqVm \p-bkyp i-b-kvXn{k GhN CXn
4. koXm-cmau X-bm-h{X ]qPyu PmX-\ym`ymw
`ph-\ m\n Zznk]vX x nXm\n N {]l-X m-t\yh
tbjp XtXm cmtam am \thm amb-bm-[ymXv PKXv
{]mWm-bm--t\-f kvs sa \ax kym-a -kvs sXIyw
{]h-tZXv {]miv KpW-t\Xn
kmIm-c-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c kzbw `px Fv hnti-jnn--s-Sp-p. Atlw kzbw Bhn`-hn-p-p. tPymXn-b-\m-W-tlw kmIm-c\pw A\--\p-am-W-t-lw. tZi-Imem-Xo-X -\p-amWv ssNX-\y-i-n-sImv {]mW-cq-]- n
Fm tZl-Im-cn-I-fnepw hkn-p-p. kXzcPkvXtam KpW-fm hnizw krnv cnv kwl-cn-p--X-t-l-am-W.v
Cu {]]-hpw HmwIm-c-amb ambm-cq]w Xs {_hnjvWp inh Fo {Xnaqn-Ifpw krn nXn-kwlm-c-Im- cn-Wn-I-fmb in-Ifpw Fmw cmas c Imc-n
A[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv. _oP-a-{-n koX-bm-Ip {]IrXnbpw cma-\m-Ip ]pcp-j-\p-a-S-p-p. Fm temIhpw
Cu cp-t]-cn \npw Dm-bn. cma eoe-tbmsS kzbw
a\p-jy- cq- ]-n {]I-S-am-b-XmWv hniz- {]m-W\pw hnizm-mhp-amb cma\v \a-kvImcw Cs\ \a-kvIc
- nv KpWpw apv {]I-S-amb {_-cq-]n-bmb cma-t\mSp IqSn
Xm GIo-`- hn-p-smv Rm cma- cq-]n-bmb {_ XsbmWv Fv D-cn-p-I.

aqmw D]-\ n-jv

1. Poh-hmNn \tam \ma Nmm cmtaXn KobtX
XZm-nIm bm NXpo XYm NmtbXn KobtX
2. at{mbw hmNtIm cmtam hmNy kymtZymK
GXtbm ^e-Z-ssh kthjmw km[-Im\mw \
kwibx
3. bYm \mao hmN-tI\ \mav\m-tbm`n aptJm-`thXv XYm Pohm-tIm at{m a{ntWm `thXv
4. _oP-inw \ytk Zz hmatbm at[y-f-hn\m-`mayx kz hmRvOm hn\n-tbm-K-hm
5. kthjm tah a{Wmw Gj km[m-c W
{Iax A{X cmtam-f-\
- -cq]x kvtXPkm hn\m
kax

797

I 6.

kXz- \ p-j v W Kp hntiz Zn-t jm- am- Iw

PKXv Dev] koXbm `mXn N{--{n-Ibm bYm
7. {]IrXym klnXx iymax ]oX-hmkm PSm-[cx
Zzn`pPx Ip-eo-cXv\ ameo [otcm [\p-jv[cx
8. {]k--h -Zt\m tPXm Lrj- I hn`q-j nXx
{]IrXym ]c-ta-izcym PK-tZym-\ym-n-Xmw-K-`qXv
9. tlam-`bm Zzn`p-Pbm khmew IrXbm NnXm
nx Iae [mcnWym ]px tImk-e-Pm-Px

Bmhv cma aptJ-\-bmWv {]Xn-]m-Zn-X-am-bn-cn-pXv \ax FXv Poh-hm-NI

- -am-Ip-p. cma-t\mSv tNn-cnp--Xn-\m Poh-sbpw Bm-hn-sbpw GI-`mhw
hy- am- n-bn-cn-p- p. cmam-b- \ax F a{-m cma
Xs hmNyw cn-sbpw kt-f-\-m kIe D]m-kI-mpw Cn-X-amb ^ew knn-p-p. Hcmsf t]cp
]d-p- hn- fn- m Abm ASpp hcp-atm AXp-t]mse
_oP-a-{-amb cma Fp-c
- n-m cma\pw km[-Is
apn {]Xy-o-`-hn-p-p. _oPs Zn-W-kvX-\nepw insb hma kvX\-nepw Ime-Is lrZ-b-a[y-nepw \yknv Ima\ e`n-p-hm hn\n-tbmKw sNpI. [ym\n- p- tm Zi-c-Y- ]p-{X-\mb {ioc-am-\n A\- \pw
Ahn-\m-in-bp-amb Cuiz-c F `mh\ thWw Atls tXtPm-a-b-amb An-t]mse Icp-X- Ww. kuay-Imn-tbmsS koX-k-ta-X-\m-bn- cn-p-tm Ao-tjm-am-- Iamb hniz- n\v Imc-W-am-Ip-p. N{ N{n-I- tbm-sSmv
Gsd tim`n-p--X p-t]mse koX- k-ln-X-\mbn cma
AXyw tim`-tN-cp-p. Xs Blzm- Zn- \o- i-n- bmb koXsbmv cma tim`n-p-p. Atlw iyma-f\pw ]oXmw_-c-[m-cnbpw PSm-[m-cnbpw I--en Ip-ehpw Igpn cXv\-am-ebpw AWn--h-\p-am-Wv. Zzn`p-P-\m-Wv.
[oc\pw {]k--ap-J-\p-am-Wv. [\[-c-\mb Atlw bphn-P-bn-bm-W.v Assy-iz-cy-knn tN-h-\mWv he-Xp-`mKv eva-W [\p_m- W-[m-cn- bmbn \np- p. koXmtZ-hn-bn khm-e-m-c-`q-jn-Xbpw ssIbn Xma-c-q-hpambn hncm-Pn-p-p.

\memw D]-\n-jv
1. XssYh Xky a{ky bky-W p kztM
bm Ghw {XntIm-W -c q-] wky w tZhm tb
kam-b bpx
2. {ipXnw N{Ip PKXx ]Xnw Iev ] - X cu
nXw Ima-cq-]mb cmamb \tam ambm-a-bmb N
3. \tam thZm-Zn-cq-]mb Hmm-cmb \tam \ax cam[-cmb cmamb {iocm-am-bm--aqtb
4. Pm\Io tZl `qjmb ctm-L v\mb ip`mKnt\ `{Zm-b-c-Lp-ho-cmb Zim-kym--I-cq-]ntW

5.

cma-`{Z atl-izmk cLp-hoc \rt]m-a

cmam-b-\ax F a{w {XntIm-Wm-- I-am-sWv kev]w. Hcn- tZh-m {iocm-as\ ImWm t]mbn. B
L-n Atlw Iev] hr- p-h-n Ccn-p-I-bm-bncp-p. tZh-m At-ls kvXpXn-p. Ima- cq-]\pw ambma-b\pw Bb cma\v \a-kI
v m-cw. thZm thZy\pw Hmm-ckz-cq-]\pw Pm\-Io-\m-Y\pw cmh-Wm-- I\pw \rt]m-- a-\pamb cma\v \a-kI
v m-cw.

Amw D]-\ n-jv

1. t`mZ-i m-ky--Im-kvaI cmw tZln {inbw
NtX
2. Xzssa-izcyw Zm]-bmY k{k-Xym-iz-cn-am-c Ww
Iphn-Xn-kvXpXy tZhmZy kvtX\ kmw kpJw
nXm
3. kv X ph- t Xyhw ln Ejbx kv X Zm cmhW
Akpcx cma-]Xv\nw h\m-`ymwb kz\nhr-Xyam-ZtZ
4. k cmhW CXn JymtXm bZ[m cmam cmhW
XZv hymtP- \ - nXpw koXmw cmtam ev a W
Gh N
5. hntN-cX
- p-kvXZm `qau tZhnw kwZr-iy-Nm-kpcw
lXzm I_w i_co KXzm Xkym--bm-XY
6. ]qPntXm hmbp ]pt{XW `t\ N I]o-izcw
Blqb imkvXmw kh amZyw cma-e-vaWu
7. kXp-c mta inXx kk {]Xy-bmw NZppt` hn{Klw Zi-bm-amk tbm cma-kvX-a-Nn-n]vXv
8. k]vX kmem hn`n-Zymip tamZtX cmL-hkvXZm tX\ krx I]o-t{m-fku k cma-kvXky
]\w
9. PKma KP-Z-\ptPm hment\m thKtXm KrlmXzmeo XZm \nP-Kma Xw hmen-\-a-Ym-ltXz
10. \nlXy cmLthm cmtPy kp{Kohw mhtb- X
Atbm cmh-Wm-I Rsf cn-p-I. R
v sFizcyw \IpI Fv Ah kvXpXn-p. Jc-h[
- n- \p-tijw Ejn-am At-ls kvXpXn-p. Jcm-[n-IfpsS h[-n\p tijw cmh-W hv koXsb A]-l-cnp. cma-i-_vZ-n cbpw h\-i-_vZ-n \npw h\hpw
FSp-m cmh-W-s\ t]cp-m-Ip-p. As-n ap-hsc Ic-bn- n-pI \nan-hpw cmh-W-s\ \maw Inn.
koXm-]-l-c-W-n\p tijw tZhnsb At\z-jnp \S-ptm I_--s \ cm-ks\ sImp i_-cnsb
kin-p. Ah-fpsS BXnYyw kzoI-cn-p. hmbp-]p-{X-

798

I \mb l\pams\ Zin-p. l\p-am kp{Ko-hs\ Iqnsmp hv kJyw sNn-p. cmas ]cm-{I-a-s-n
kp{Ko-h kwibw {]I-Sn- n--tm cma _men-bm
sIm-s Zpp-`n-bpsS tZlw ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-p. sRmSnbn-S-bn cma AXv Zqsc hen-s-dn-p. Hcp _mWw
sImv k]vX-km-e- t`Zn- - s- p. _mensb bp- n\p
hnfn-p. _menbpw tLmc-K-\-tmsS bp-n\v ]pds-p. bp-n cma _mensb h[nv InjvIn-m-cm-Pknw- lm-k-\
- n kp{Ko-h A`n-jn--\m-bn.

Bdmw D]-\n-jv
1.

lcn-\m-lqb kp{Koh aml-Nm-i-hn-tZym-[y\m

2. BZmb ssaYn-eo-aZy ZZ-Xm-izmip KXx XX

kvXXmc l\pam \_v[nw emw kam-bbu
3. koXmw Zrzm-kp-c lXzm ]pcw ZKv[zm XYm
kzbw BK-Xy-cm-taW kl \yth-Z-bX XXzXx
4. XZm cmax t{Im[ cq]n XmXm lqbm Y hm\c ssXx km[-am-Zm-bm-k{v Xw ]pcow emw kambbu
5. Xmw Zrzm XZ-[o-ti\ kmw bp-a-Im-c-bXv
LS t{im{X kl-{km PnZv` ymw bpw Xamlth
6. lXzm hnZo- j Ww X{X kwm- ] y- P - \ - I mPmw BZm-bm--nXm IrXzm kz]p-c w-ssXPKm- ak
7. [rX- k nw-l m- k - \ x k Zzn`ptPm {]kmm khm-`-cW `qjnX
8. ap{Zmw m\-abnw bmtay hmta tXP {]Imin\ow [rXzm ZymJym-\-\n-cXx nXzbx ]c-ta-izcx
kp{Ko-h hm\-c-msc hnfnv \nv Adn-pIq-Sm Znp-I Dm-hn- spw thKw ChnsS \nv ]pdsv koXm-tZ-hnsb At\z-jn--W-sap DS cma\v
hnhcw sImSp--W-sap \nt-inp ]ns l\p-am
kap{Zw NmSn e-bn-se-n. koXsb Ip. At\Iw cmO-k-msc sImp e `kva-am-n. WS-n-hv cmas\
hnh-c-a-dn-bnp XpSv cma tIm]-tmsS bpw Bcw`n-p. Ipw`-I sIm-s-p. ]ns C{-Pnpw cmhW\pw sIm-s-p. hn`o-jW
- s\ em-[n-]X
- n-bm-n. koXsbmSpw hm\-c-m-tcmSpw IqSn cma Atbm-[y-bn-se-n,
knwlm-k-\m-cq-V-\mbn At-l-ns hep ssIbn
m\-ap-{Zbpw CSpX ssIbn [\qa-bn-hn-Zy-bp-ap-v.
Cs\ Zzn`p-P-[m-cn-bmb {iocm-a kzbw hymJym-\-ap-{Zbn nXn sNp-p.

9. DZKv Zn-Wtbm kzky i{XpLv\ `cXu [rX

l\p-aw N t{imXmc a{KXx kymXv {XntIm-WIw
10. `c-Xm-[kvX p kp{Kohw i{Xp-Lv\ mt[m hn`ojWw ]nta eWw Xky [rX-{Xw NNm-acw
11. XZkvX u Xme-hr-I X Icu {Xy{kw ]p\Z[X Ghw jSvtIm-W-am-Zukz ZoLmw-ssK-cmj
kwbpXx
12. ZznXobw hmkp- t Z- h mss\y cmt- m- Z njp
kwbpXx XrXobw hmbp-kq\pw N kp{Kohw `cXw
XYm
13. hn`o-jWw evaWw Nw KZw-Nmcn hna\w
Pmw_-hw N ssXcyp kvXtXm [rn P.-bIx
14. hnP- b - - k p- c m- cm{- h \ Gh N
AtimtIm [-]m-e kpa-ss{-tc-`n-cm-hrXx
16. _ln-kvXZ- m-bpss[x ]qtPym \oemZn ka-e wIrXx hknjvT hma-tZ-hmZn ap\n`nx kap-]m-knX

{ioc-ams hS-p-`m-Kv i{Xp-Lv\\pw hev `cX\pw \np l\p-am apn ARvP-eo-_--\mbn

\np-p. CXpw {XntImW nXn- b-em-Wv. `c- Xs Xmsg
kp{Ko-h i{Xp-Lm-\s Xmsg hn`o-j-W, cmas ]pdIn eva-a-W O{Xhpw Nma-c-hp-am-bn-cn-p-p. `c-Xi-{Xp-Lv\-m-cpsS ssIbn Xme-hr-- ap-v. `c-X-e-va-Wi-{Xp-Lv\-m {Xn-tIm-W-n-Xn-bm-e-W.v cma _oP-a-{mhr-X-\m-W.v cma v Bt-bmZn Znp-I-fn hmkp-tZ-h,
kj-W, imn, kc-kz-Xn, {io {]Zyp-av, A\n-cp-
cXn Fn-h-cp-v. cma Ah-scmv ZznXo-bm-h-c-W-n-emWv. `c-X, i{Xp-Lv\, eva- W, l\p-am, kp{Ko-h,
AwK-Z, Pmw_-hm, hn`o-j-W, Fn-h cma-s\mw
D-tm {XnXo-bm-h-c-W-ap- m-Ip-p. cm{-h-\,
Atim-I, kpcm- Lrn, Pb-, hnP-b, kpa, [-]m-e, Fn-h- tcm- sSmw Dm-bn- cn-p-tmgpw
XrXo-bm-h-cWw Xs. Atm {_m-hv, C{, An,
ba, hcp-W, hmbp, N{, \nIr-Xn, A\-, Cuizc, Fo ]p-Zn-I]
v m-e-m-cm {iocm-a kam-hr-X-\mbn-cn-p-tm NXpm-h-cWw kwPm-X-am-Ip-p. Cu
ZnIv]m-e-m-cpsS ]pd-h-iv At-lns Bbp[-emWv. CtX Bh-c-W-n \f XpS-n-bp hm\-c
- m
`K-hms\ kptim-`n-X-\m-p-p. Ah-tcm-sSmw hkn-jT
v
hma-tZ-h XpS-nb aljn-amcpw {iocm-as D]m-k-\bn eo\-cmbn Ign-bp-p.

Ggmw D]-\n-jv
1. Gh- a p- t - i Xx t{]mw \nt- i - k v X ky
Nm[p\m {XntcJm ]pS-a m-e nJy at[y Xmc- Zzbw
entJX

799

I 2.

Xty _oP-am-teJyw XZ[x km[y-am-en-tJX

ZznXo-b m- wN Xtkym[zw jjvTyw km[Iw
XYm
3. Ipcp-Zzbw NXXv ]mtiz entJXv _oPm-tc
camw XXv khw {]mW-hm`ymw N thnXw _pn
_pn-am
4. ZoL-`mPn jU-t{kXp entJXv _oPw lrZmZn`nx tImW-] mtiz cam-amtb XZ-t{K-\ w-K-amen
tJX
5. t{Im[w tImWm-{Km--tcjp enJy-a-y-ZntXm
Kncw hr-{Xbw km-]{Xw ktcm-tP-hn-en-tJXv
kzcm
6. tIk-tc-jy ]t{X N hm--I-at- Ym-n-tJXv
tXjp amem at\m-hm entJ Zp-kw-Jybm
7. At ]m--cm-t\hw ]p\-c--Zfw entJXv
tXjp- \ m-c m-b - W m- mw-e n-t JXv XXv tIktc
camw
8. XZv _ln ZzmZi Zfw hnen-tJXv ZzmZ-im-cw
XtYmw \tam `K-htX hm kptZ-hmb C{Xbw

ASp-Xv ]qPm-b{- - ns \nt-i-amWv ka-tc-JI-f psS cp {XntIm-W -ap- mn Ah-b psS \Spv
{]tXyIw {]tXyIw {]Whw Fgp-X-Ww. ]ns Ah cnsbpw at[y BZy-_o-P-sa-gp-X-Ww. AXns Xmsg GXv
Imcyw km[n--Wtam AsX-gp-X-Ww. km[y-ns t]cv
ZzXo-bm--am-bn-cn--Ww. BZy-_o-P-ns apI-fn km[Is \maw jy--am-bn-cn--Ww. ]ns _oP-ns
Ap-an-p-ambn Hmtcm Ipcp-]Zw hc--Ww. _oP-ns
a[y-nepw km[y-ns apI-fnepw {io teJ\w sNWw. Ch-sbmw cp {]W-h--fnepw tNn-cn--Ww.
]ns Bdp tImWp-I-fnepw ZoL-kz-c-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb aqe_oPw Fgp-X-Ww. Hmtcm-n-sbpw IqsS lrZ-bmb \ax
Fp inc-p-sImv kzmlm Fp Fgp-X-Ww. tImW-fpsS hi-mbn {iow, {low, ow Fv Fgp-X-Ww. tImWns ap`m-K-mbn lpw Fpw lpw s Ccp-h-i-enepw sFw Fpw Fgp-X- Ww. ]ns aqv hr-ap- mn
hr--tfm-sSmw Xs A-Z-f-I-aew Dm--Ww. Ihe-ns tIk-c-n c-cw hoX-ap Fm kzch--sfbpw {Ia-ambn Fgp-Xp-I. Ih-e-ns A-Zf--fn Bdp-h- hoXw {Ia-ambn Fgp-X-Ww. amem
a{-nse \mev]-n-tbgv h- ]qn- bm-m
Fm- as Zf-n Ap h- tf tijn-p- I- bp-q.
Cu coXn-bn hopw Hcp Iaew Xov AXns Fp-Zf--enepw Hmw \tam \mcm-b-Wmb F a{- ns Hmtcm
Acw hoXw Fgp-X-Ww. AXns tIk-c- {io
FsgpX-Ww. apI-f n ]{p Zf- -fp Iaew

\nnv Hmtcm Zf--fnepw ZzmZ-im-- c-a-{- amb Hmw \tam

`K-htX hmkp-tZ-hmb Fv Hcp Acw hoXw Fgp-XpI.

Fmw D-] -\n-jv

1. BZn- m- m tIk-t cjp hrm-I m- tcW
kwen- tJXv XZv _ lnx tjmU-i -Z fw enJy XXv
tIktc {lnbw
2. hm-kv{X-\ Xn kwbpm Ztejp ZzmZ-imcw XXv knjz cPm-Zo\mw a{m a{o kamen-tJX
3. lpw, krw, `pw, hpw, epw, ipw, Ppw N entJXv
kayIv XtXm _lnx Zzm{Xnw-imcw alm-]w \mZ_np kam-bpXw
4. hnen-tJXv a{ cmPmw kvtXjp ]t{Xjp
bXv\Xx [ymtb Z hkp-t\Im Zi cp{Zmw X{X
ssh
5. ZzmZ-ti-\mw XtXm _lnw `pKrlw h{P-iqemVyw tcJm-{Xb ka-\znXw
6. Zzmtcm-t]Xw N cmymZn `qjnXw ^Wn-kpbpXw A\tm hmkp-In-ssh Xx Itm-S] - Ix al m- ] - c - a i w J Kpf n- t Im u
{]IonXm
"A' apX hsc-bp h- A-Z-f-I-a-ens tIk-c--fn hrm-Im-c-n-se-gp-Xp-I. AXns
]pdta hopw ]Xn-\m-dp-Z-f--fp Iaew Xov tIk-cn {low Fs-gp-X- Ww. AXns ]Xn-\m-dp-Z-f--fn-temtcm-nepw Hmtcm Acw F {Ia-n lpw ^Sv \ax
Fpw ZzmZ-im-c a{hp Fgp-X-Ww. Zf--fpsS knI-fn l\p-am-s\-tm-ep hoc-]p-cp-j-m-cpsS _oP-a{w
Fgp-X-Ww. ]pdsa \mZ-_n-p- thmSp IqSnb ap-n-cp Zf-fp hnim-e-I-aew \nn--Ww. Zf--fn A-h-kp GIm- Z-i-cq-{Z-m ZzmZ-im-Zn-Xy-m Fn- h- scbpw ksbpw [cn-p hj-SvIm-c-Nn-hpw [ym\hpw sN-Ww.
32 Zf--fp Cu Ia-e-ns ]pdv Zq]pc b{w
\nnv AXns \mep-`m-Kpw h{Phpw tImWp-I-fn
iqehpw AS-bm-f-s-Sp--Ww. Zq]p-cs aqp tcJ-ItfmSv tbmPn-n--Ww. Cu tcJ-I kXz-c-P-kX
v tam KpWsf kqNn-n-p-p. a- ]-n-teXp t]mse CXn\pw
Ihm-S- thWw. Zq]p-c-n cmin apX-em-bh Xov
AXns\ ap `mK--fp-ambn LSn-n--Ww.

H]Xmw D]-\n-jv
1.

Ghw a-h-am-enJy Xky [np

hnZnp N

800

I 2.

\c-knwlw N hmcmlw entJXv a{ Zzbw

cmYm IqtSm tcYm- \ p- { K- t lp \mZ- i - ymZn
`nbpXx
3. tbm\-knwlx kam-JytXm Krl-am-c-WI
- Wn
Atym[oi hnbZv _np \mZ-_oPw N kuIcw
4. lpmcw Nm{X-cm-aky amem-a-t{m-f-[p-t\-cnXx
Xmtcm-\X
- n \n{Zmbmx kqXnta Zi-Im-anIm
5. cpt{ZW kwbp-Xm-h-n ta[m-a-c-hn-`q-j nXm
ZoLm-{Iq-c-Ir-Xm-lymZn tXym ZoL-\ -am-\Im
6. [m t{Im[n-\y-tam-LmN hniz-a-]yY ta[bm
bpm ZoLm Pzmen-\ ob kpkqv am arXyp
cq]nWn
7. k {]Xnw lymZn-\o-Xz-XIv tzfx {]oXn
k mac m tPymX n k v X o vW m n kw bp m
tizXm\pkzm-c -k w-bpXm
8. ImanIm ]-aq-emx Xmmx [m CXyY
kkm-\tm ZoL-bp{Xm hmbpx kqva-bp-tXmhnjx
9. ImanIm ImanIm cp{Z bpm-tYmY ncmkzkm Xm]n\o ZoL-bpm `q X\-temt \nex
10. \mcm-b -W m- Ix Ime {]mWmw t`mhn-Zy-bmbpXx ]oXm-c-Xn-kvXYm emtm tbm\ym-b ptm
tXm \Xnx
11. k]vX NXzm-cnw-iZv h-Kp-Wm k KpWx
kzbw cmPym-`n-jn-ky Xky cma-tkym--{I-amn-tJXv
12. CZw khm-Iw b{w {]mbp--ar-jntk
hnXm tkh- I m\mw tam- I c ambp- c m- t cm- K yh\w

]mw D]-\ n-jv

13. A]p-{XmWmw ]p{XZw N _lp\m Ina-t\\

ssh {]m]v\p-hn WmXv kay Kap{X [m-ZnIm-\ ]n

1. Hmw `qXm-ZnIw tim`-tbXv Zzmc-]qPmw IrXzm-]Zvam-Zym-k-\x {]kx Amhn[mhky[ tcm[yw-]mizm\w a[y-]-m\w N

14. CZw clkyw ]ca hoiz-tc-Wm]n ZpKaw CZw

b{w kam-Jymam \ tZbw {]mIrtX Pt\ CXn

2. IrXzm apZp- vWp kpXq-en-Imbm cXv\ m-kt\-tZ-in-I-a-bnXzm inw Nm[m-cm-JyImw Iq\mKu ]rYn-hy-_tP kzmkm-\mYx {]Iev]y

q]p-c-b{w hc--Xn-\ptijw AXns \mep ZnpI-fnepw \mc-knwl _oP-a{- hpw tImW--en ]{p
_oP-a-{hpw Fgp-X-Ww. A\p-{K-lw, Cp-\mZw in apXem-h-tbmSp IqSnb A-c-a{w Xs-bmWv \mc-knw-l_o-P-a-{w. Cu a{w i{Xp-kw-lm-I-c\pw {Kl-_m-[-I
\in-n-p-Xpw Cn-X-Imcyw km[n-p--Xp-am-Wv. Ayhw A[o-i-_np \mZw in apX-em-b-h-tbmSp IqSnb
lpwhm- cm-l- a- {-am-Wv. cmas amem-a- {-am- sW- n AXn
BZyw {]Whw \ax \n{Z kvarXn ta[, ImanI Fn-h-bm-

Wv. AXv cp{Z-bp-hpw ]noSv Aa-c-m Aew-Ir- X-amb

Anbpw ta[-bp-am-Wv. ]noSv A{Iqcw tN ZoL-Ie-bm-W.v ]ns lymZn-\n. AXn-\p-tijw am\Z F Iebm hn`q-jn-X-amb ZoL-Ie
- . ]noSv p[. A\
s#Hmw \tam `K-htX cLp-\-\
- mb Fm-bn. ]noSv
t{Im[n\n Ata-L-ta[ Fn-h-tbmSp IqSnb hniz-am-Wv.
]ns ZoLw Pzmen\n kqvaw tN-Xm-Wv. ]noSv
{]XnjvT tN {]Wh Ie. ]ns lymZn-\nbpw Xzpw,
ChnsS ctmLv\ hni-Zmb Fv ]qn-bm-Ip-p.
]noSv tzf {]oXn Aacw tPymXn An kwbp--amb
Xova A\p-kzm-c-bp--amb tizX ]noSv Iman-I, h bpw
Z bpw A\-- bp--amb \bpw ZoL-bp--amb hmbphpw
kqva CImcw ncbpw Gbps# am{Xm-bp--amb k
bpw BIp-p. CXn \np a[p-c- {]-k hZ-\-\mb AanX-tX-Pt Bbn-op. A\-cw Xm]n\n ZoL-`qhpw
A\n-e-bn \n _ebpw Dm-bn. ]ns A\- A\e \mcm-bW
- m--I-amb aImcw {]mW-\n \n cab
Chbpw hnZym-a-b-amb Aw`v ]oX-c-Xn, GbpsS am{Xm-bpam h BWv. CXn \nv hnjvWpth Dmbn HSp-hn
\ax bpw {]Whpw CXv \mev]n Gg--c-ap cmPym-`njn--cm-as\ kw_- n-p amem-a-{- am-W.v kKp-W-\msW-nepw cma km[-I-m-cpsS {XnKp-W- -sfbpw \innp-- h-\m-Wv. Cu a{w {Ia-ambn Fgp-X- Ww. a{w khm-I-am-W.v ]s hnZzm-m CXv ]dp sImSp-n-pv. CXv tkhn-p km[-I
- mv Bbppw BtcmKyhpw hn-pw. HSp-hn kwkm-c-ap-nbpw e`n-pw.
]p{X- lo-\-mv ]p{X- em`w Dm-Ipw. [-m-\-sshcmKy sFizcym-Zn-khm-`o--epw CXn-\m e`n-pw.
tKm]-\o-b-am-Wn-Xv. Zo Bh-iy-am-W.v A\-[n-Im-cn-Iv
CXv D]-tZ-in-m ]mSn-.

3. hnLv \ w Zpmw t{X- h mew NhmWow

_oPmZnImw- mnw tZim-Zn-I mw ]oT-kym-{Lntjzh [m-Zn-Imw XXzm ]qhmw-kvX-k vXky
`nzm-tb
4. at{[-{I-am-Z hn[zn tXPmw kyph ]Xyw
]XymZn ssan-Xm\n cPx kXzw Xa GXm\n hr{Xbw _oPVyw {IamZv `mh-tb

801

I 5.

Bim-J ymiz kz]y-Y m- m\ ax m\mm\w Nm-tb-ky `np-am-bm-hntZy tb Iem

]mc-X tXm
6. kw]q-P-tbXv hna-e m-Zym in c`y-tbt- h - a m- h m- l - t b AwK- h yp- l m\n Pem- s sZz
]qPy [ymym-Zn-ssI temI ]msse kvXZkv{Xw
7. hkn-jvTmssZyap\n-`n \oe-apssJy cmcm-[tbZv cmLhw N-\mssZy aptJym-h-lm-ssc hnhnss[ ]qssPy kvX kvs sa P]m-Znw kayIv
ka]y
8. Ghw `qXw PK-Zm-[m-c-`q-Xw-cmaw ht kn-Zm\- -c q]w KZmZn iwJw-_ vP - [ cw `hXn k tbm
[ymtb-tm--am-]vt\mXn khx
9. hniz-g ym]o cmL- thmYm XZm\ow aZt[
iwJ-Nt{I KZm_vtP IrXzm cam-k-lnXx km-P
k]-Xv\Px km\pKx kh-temIo
10. XZv `mb e_v[-Im-am apzm cYm-] Zw
]caw bmn tX b Cam ENx kh-Im-am-Zm
tb ]T-\ yp-a em bmn tamw Nn-t b- k v an
kv{Xtbm-Zi kz`q tPymXnx Xn{kx koXm-cm-am-thI-P o-h-hmNo jSvjSv `nx `qXm-Zn-I-t a-Im-Zi ]-Jtjp {Xn\-hXn

Zzmc-]qP Ignv ]m-k-\-ntem at-sX-nepw

Bk-\-ntem Ccpv ]-`qX ipn sN-Ww. cma-]qPm-hn-[n-bn knwlm-k-\-ns ]pd-In-ep Xmgs
`mKw apI- fn-es `mKw Ch cp ]miz- Fn- hbpw

]qPn- -W w. ]pd-I n apI-f n a[y-X -a-a mbn nXn

sNp A-Zf Ia-e-sbpw ]qPn--Ww. cXv\w ]Xn
knwlm-k-\-n BNm-cys\ ]qPn--Ww. B{i-b{- Xnbmn Iqw, \mKw, ]rYzn Ch ]qPn--Ww. hnLvt\iz-c, Zp-t{X ]me, kc-kzXn Fn-hc
- n _oPw
kanv \ma- tm-sSmw NXpo hn`n tNv ]qPn-Ww. tIm Xe-bnepw A[w, A\w AImaw
At#mw F-h-bnepw ]qIvhm-Zn-Zn-p-I -fnepw ]qP
thWw ]pd-In apI-fnse a[y-`m-K-pw, kqcy, N{
An, Fn-hsc ]qPn-p-I. b{- nse kXz-c-tPm-Kp-W{]-Xo-I-amb aqp hr--ep-sSbpw ]qP sNp-I. ]ns
Znp-I-fnepw tImWp-If
- nepw \nn Ia-e-I--epsS
A-Z-f-sf ]qPn-p-I. a[y Zf--fn Btb
tIm XpSn {Ia-ambn Bm-hv, A-Im-mhv ]c-ammhv m\m-]qh-Zn-p-I-fn amb hnZy-Ie ]c Fo
XXz- ]qP sNp-I. hna-emZn in-I-fp-sSbpw ]qP,
apJy-tZ-hX
- m-\w, AwK- hyq-l--fpsS ]qP, Lrn apXemb temI-]m-e-I-m Ah-cpsS Akv{X-, hkn- jT
v mZn
ap\n-am Chpw {iocm-a\pw ]qP Anv P]m-Zn-I
kan-pI XpSv {iocma kvXpXn sNp D]m- k-I
tamw {]m]n-p-p. tZl klnXw A[m\w sNbvX
cmas Bbp-[-ew kzm-tcm-l-W-tmsS A{]-Xy-am-bn-cp-p. ]c-a-[maw {]m]nv At-l
- ns ]cn-hm-c-sf-sbmw AXp-t]mse ]c-a-[m-a--se-n. `-mpw
]c-a-KXn e`n-p-p. apI-fn sImSp Ep-I khmo--epw kXzhpw {]Zm\w sNp--Xm-Wv. CXv A[yb\w sNp `pw tamw knn-p--Xm-W.v

{iocm-a-]qhXm-]n-\yp-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

Q
3
kt\ymt
km]
\
nj
v
1
imn]mTw
Hmw. A]ymbp aamwKm\n hmIv {]mW
Ijpx t{im{XatYm _eannbmWn. Nk
hmWn. khw {_tm ]\njZw amlw {_
\ncmItcmZ\ncmIcW akvXp A\ncmIcWw ta
A k vX p X Z m \ n \ nc t X b D] \ nj p
[mkvtX abn kptX abn kp. Hmw imn:
imn: imn:.

Fs AwK ]pjv Snsb {]m]ns. hmv

{]mW Np t{imXw _ew Fnhbpw kIe C{nbfpw ]pjvSnsb {]m]ns. Fm D]\njpIfpw
{_w XsbmWv Rm {_s ssIhnSmXncns. Cs\ {_\ncX\mb F\nv D]\njn
{]Xn]mZnXamb [ ssI hcs. Hmw. imn:
imn: imn:

802

I Hmw

Aymbw

1. AYmXx kw\ymtkm]m\njZw hymJymkymaxb;

A\p{ItaW kw\ymkyXn k kw\ykvX x `hXn.
Ix Abw kw\ymkx DNymtX IYw bxkw\y
kvt Xm `hXn bx Bm\w {Inbm`nx Kp]vX w
ItcmXnx amXcw ]nXc `mcymw ]p{Xm _pc
A\ptamZbnXzm tb N Aky EXznPxXm k
hmw ]qhhXv {]mWnXzm sshizm\tcjvSnw
\nhtlXv. khkzw ZZymXv bPam\ky Kmx
EXznPx ksshx]mss{Xx kamtcm]y bZmlh
\ntb Kml]tXy hm A\zmlmcy]Nt\ k`ym
hkYytbm {]mWm]m\ hymt\mZm\kam\m
khm kthjp kamtcm]tbXv. k inJm
tIim hnkrPy btm]hoXw OnXzm ]p{Xw
Zrjv S zm Xzw bxXzw khw CXn A\pa
{tbXv, bZn A]p{Xx, Xzw khw CXn A\pa{
tbXv, bZn A]p{Xx `hXn, Bm\tah Caw
[ymXzm A\thamWx {]mNoapZnNnw hm Zniw
{]{htPXv N. NXpjp htjp `nmNcyw
NtcXv. ]mWn]mt{XWmi\w IpcymXv. Huj[h
Zi\amNtcXv. Huj[hZi\w {]miv\ \obmXv.
bYmem`aiv \ nbmXv. {]mWk mc Wm w
bZmtatZmhrn\ PmbtX. Irtim `qXzm {Kma
GIcm{Xw, \Ktc hm]n htkXv. ]m ssh
amkm CXn. Zzu amku hm htkXv hnio
hkv{Xw hev ew hm {]XnKrlvW o bmXv x bZn
Aix `hXn tiX X]ytX X] CXn bm hm
Ghw ]iyXn Inw Aky btm ]hoXw bZv
B[ym\w, hnZym km inJm, \osscx kh{X
AhnssXx Imcyw \nhb DZc]mt{XW
Pe Xotc \ ntIX \w. {_ hmZnt\ m hZ n
AkvXanX BZntXy IYw hm Aky D]kv]
i\w CXn. Xm tlmhmN bYm Al\n XYm
cm{Xu \ Aky\w \ Znhm. XZhn GXZv Ejn
tWmw. kIrXv Znhml Gh Akvssa `hXn
b Ghw hnZzm GXm Bm\w kw[t.
k\ymtkm]\njns\n ]dbpp. {ItaW
{]]s XrPnph\mWv kw\ymkn. kw\ymkw
FmWv? kw\ymkw Fs\bmWv? Bmhn\p thn
{InbIsf ]cnXyPnph\mWv k\ymkn? amXmhv,
]nXmhv, ]p{X, klHmZc FnhcpsS kX{]Imcw
bw sNnphsc Fsbpw t]mse \akvI
cnv sshizm\cbwsNpI. Cu Ln bPam\
Xs khkzhpw Zm\w sNpIbpw EXznpI kIe
kma{KnIfpw ]m{Xfpw klnXw lh\w sNIbpw
thWw. Blh\obw, Km]n]Xyw ZnWmn Fo
aqp hn[nepff AnIsfbpw k`yhpw BhkYy
hpw {]mW A]m\ hym\ DZm\ kam\ Fo

hmbpsfbpw Btcm]ntXpv. XeapSn hSnv

Ifv ]qW s]mnv ]p{Xt\mSv Cs\ ]dbWw.
"\o bkzcq]\mWv khkzcq]\mWv.' ]p{X\n
sn Xs Bmhnt\mSv Cs\ D]tZinWw.
]ns Ingtmtm hStmtm bm{X sNWw. NmXp
hWyn s]hcn \nv `n kzoIcnmw.
Ic]m{Xn `n hmn Ignmw. `Ww Huj[
sa \nebnemIWw. AXmbXv Poh \ne\nm
th `Wta ]mSpffp. Fv Inptm AXv kzoI
cnpI. tatZmhIamb `WacpXv. Cs\ Iri
Km{X\mbn {Kman Hcp cm{Xnbpw \Kcn Ap
cm{Xnbpw hknWw. hjImev Htc {Kmantem
\Kcntem Ignbmw. Asn cp amkw hsc
Ihnbmw Iodnb hkv{Xtam hchpcntbm D]tbmKnmw.
ap hkv {X [cncpXv. Cs\ tiw klnp
XmWv X]v. Cs\ {Ia{]Imcw k\ymkw kzoIcn
ph\v ]qWptem inJ tbm BNa\tam th.
B[ym\amWv. Ahs inJ; FmbnSpapff
Pen\p hb am{XamWv Ahs ]m{Xw. PemibXocw
XsbmWv Ah\p Ddm\pff m\w Ftmgpw ]I
XsbmIpp.

cmw Aymbw
1. NXzmcnwiXvkwkvI mckx khXxhncnip ntaX yB i m, Akqb, Cujy m,
Almcw ZKv[zm, km[\NXpjvSb k Gh
k\ykvX palXn.
2.

k\ymtk \nbw IrXzm I

]p\\ N ItcmXn bx I
k IpcymXv Ir{NOam{Xw Xp I
]p\x kw\ykvXp alXn II

3.

kw\ymkw ]mXtbZykvXp I
]XnXw \mktbp bx I
kw\ymkhnLv\Im N I
{Xot\Xm ]XnXm hnZp II
CXn

\mev]Xphn[nepff kwkvImctmSp IqSnbh

\pw Fmnepw ]q hncn hh\pw Nn ip\pw
Bi, Akpb, Cujy, Almcw Fnh \innv
km[\ NXpjvTb k\pamWv k\ymkn. kw\ymkw
kzoIcnm Xocpam\nXn\ptijw AXv ssIhnh\v
Ir{Nm{mbW {hXm\pjvTm\v tijw AXv
ssIsmffmw. kw\ymkn \nv ]X\w hh\pw
]XnX\v kw\ymkZo sImSpph\pw kw\ymk
{KlWn XSw kyjvSnph\pw ]XnXzw hcpp.

803

I 4. AY jWvU:, ]XnX:, AwKhnIe:, kvss{XW:,

_[nc:, A`I: ]mjWv U :, N{Io:, enwKo:,
s s h J m\ k :, l c Z znP \ :, `r X I m[ y m ] I :,
in]nhnjvS: A\nI: sshcmKyh:At]ytX \
kw\ymkmlm: kw\ykvXm bZy]n almhmtIym
tZi \m[nImcnW:
Xmsg ]dbph kw\ymkw {Klnphm tbmKyc
\]pwkI,]XnX, AwKlo\, kv{Xokz`mhm
c, _[nc, _me, aqI, ]mjWvU, enwKn, IpjvT
tcmKn, sshJm\k, {_WXzn \nv ]XnXzw
hh thX\w ]p A[ym]I, Antlm{Xw
sNmh, \mkv X nI, sshcmKn. Hcp ]t
kw\ymkw kzoIcnmepw D]tZiw sImSpm Ahv
Albn.

5.

6.

7.

BcqV ]XnXm]Xy: I
Ip\nJo iymhZI: I
bo XYmw KhnIe: I
ss\h kw\ykvXp alXn II
kw{]XyhknXm\mw N I
alm]mXIn\mw XYm I
{hXym\ma`niv]Xm\mw I
kw\ymkw ss\h ImctbXv II
{hXbRvPXt]mZm\
tlmakzm[ybhnXw I
kXyiuN]cn{`jvSw I
kw\ymkw ss\hImctbXv I
GtX \mln kw\ymkamXptcW
hn\m{Iaw. II

kw\ymkkzoIcWn\p tijw ]XnXzw hh\pw

No \Japffh\pw aen\amb ]pffh\pw {`mp\pw
hnIemwK\pw kw\ymkw sImSpcpXv.BIkvanIambn
sshcmKyw hh,alm]m]w sNbvXh,kwkv Imc
iq\y \nXy Ch kw\ymk {KlWn\v A\l
cmWv. {hXw, bw, X]v, Zm\w, tlmaw. Fnhsbm
pw Cm\pw kzm[ymbw sNmh\pw kXyhpw
ipnbpw Cmh\pw kw\ymkw sImSpcpXv. C
s\bpffhv thWsan BXpckw\ymknamcmImw.
Fm Ahv \nbam\pkrXamb kw\ymkn\v
AlXbn.

8. Hmw `q: kzmtlXn inJmapXv] mSy btm

]hoXw _lo \ \nhtkXv. bi: _ew,m\w,
sshcmKyw, ta[mw, {]btXn btm]hoXw
OnXzm Hmw kzmlm C Xn A] v k p hk v { Xw
ISnkq{Xw N hnkrPy kw\ykvXw ambm CXn.
{Xnhmca`na{tbXv.

Hmw `q: kzmlm Fv sNmn inJ IfbWw. Fm

btm]hoXw IftbXn. bw, _ew, m\w,
sshcmKyw, ta[ Fnh {]Zm\w sNs Fv ]dv
]qW s]mnWw
Hmw. `q: kzmlm Fp sNmn hkv{Xsbpw Ac
m NcSns\bpw shffn Ifv "k\ymkvXw
abm' Fv aqpXhW sNmWw.

9.

k\ymk\w ZznPw ZyjvS zm I

m\meXn `mkvIcx I
Gj ta aWvU ew `nXzm I
]cw{_m[n KXn II

kqcy kw\ymknsbbpw {_mWs\bpw ImWp

tm kzm\p\nv hyn Nenpp. Ch
Fs aWvUesbpw t``np sImv {_s {]m]n
pp shv ]dbpp.

10. jjvSow Ipem\n AXoXm\n I

jjvSnamKmanIm\n N I
Ipem\ypctX {]mx I
kw\ykvX anXn tbm htZXv. II
11.

tb N km\Pmwx tZmjmx I
tb tZmjm tZlkw`hmx I
ss{]jmnKltX khm I
Xpjmncnh Im\w II

12. kJm am tKm]mtbXnZWv Uw ]cn{KtlXv

13. ZWvU w Xp sshWhw kuayw kXzw N
]pWyekapXv]w \m\m
Ij tim[nXw
14. AZKv[alXw IossSx I
]h{KnhncmPnXw I
\mkmZLv\w inckvXpeyw I
{Zpthmhm hnZybmZyXnx II
"Rm kw\ymknp" Fp ]dbp m\n Xs
hcm t]mIpXpw IgnXpamb Adp]Xv XeapdIfn
epffhsc Dcnpp. ss]XrIamb tZmjsfbpw
Xs imcncoI tZmjsfbpw Abm Danobv
kznse amen\ysat]mse `kv a ampp.
"kplrt,Fs cnp" Fp ]dp ZWvUw
kzoIcnWw. apfbmWv ZWvU n\v Daw. AXv
hfhnmXpw appI CmXpw \m\v
hfXpambncnWw. AXn Hcp hn[nepff tItSm
]pffntbm ]mSn. ]gInbXpw IoS XpfXpw A`n
Imaya. aqphsctbm Xehsctbm ]pcnIw hsctbm
\nfw hcpXmbncnWw.

804

I 15.

ZWvUmXv at\mkvXp kwtbmKx I

khYm Xp hn[obtXm I
\ ZWvtU\ hn\m Kt
Znjp t] {Xbw _px[x

Bmhn\pw ZWvUn\pw Xnepff tN Bh

iyamWv. AXn\m k\ymkn ssIbn ZWvUanmsX
aqp ic]X\ Zqcn IqSpX kcncpXv.

22. {_Ncyw kam]y Krlo`qXzm hm\ {]m

{iataXy sshcmKym`mth f ]n B{ia {Iam\p
kmtcW bx kw\ykrk I kw\ymkn.

16. PKnh\w Poh\m[mc`qXw am tX am a{

bkz kh kuay CXn IaWv U ep FSpv
tbmK]m`njn\mbn bYmkpJw kcnpI.

{_mNcyw Kmlyw hm\{]w Fo aqm

{iasfbpw bYmhn[n \nhlnXn\ptijw sshcm
Kyw Dmbnsn t]mepw \nbam\pkcWw kw\ymkw
kzoIcnph I kw\ymkn.

17. XyP [ a[w N I

Dt` kXym\rtX XyP I
Dt` kXym\rtX Xzzm I
tb\ XyPkn XXv XyP I

23. kw\ymkx jUv hnt[m `hXn IpSoNI

_lqZI lwk ]calwk XpcobmXoXmh[r
XmtXn

18. sshcmKy kw\ymko,m\ kw\ymko,

PmRm\sshcmKy kw\ymko, I kw\ymkn
CXn NmXphn[yap]mKXmx
[m[sfbpw kXymkXsfbpw XyPnp
I. ]ns GXp aptJ\bmtWkXymkXysf shSn
Xv AXns\bpw XyPnpI. kw\ymknam \mephn[
apv. sshcmKy kw\ymkn, m\kw\ymkn, m\
sshcmKy kw\ymkn, I kw\ymkn.

19. XZytYXn. ZrjvSm\p{ihnIsshXrjvWytaXy

{] mI v] p W y I h nti j m X v k w\ y k vX x
ksshcmKy kw\ymkn.
20. imkv{Xm\mXv,]m]]pWy temIm\p`h
{i h W mX v, {] ] t m] c t X m tZ l h k \ mw
i mk v {X h mk \ m w X y zm A h a\ m\ manh
{]hrnw khw tlbw aXzm km[\NXp
jvS kx bx kw\ykyXn k Gh m\
kw\ymko.
21. {ItaW kha`yky kh a\p`qb m\
s s h c mK y m`y m w k zc q] k mt\ \ A tZ l
am{Xmhinjv Sx kw\ymky PmXcq][tcm `hXn
km\sshcmKy kw\ymko.
IXpw tIXpamb hnjbtfmSv Xme]cyam
msX ]qh P]pWy^eambn sshcmKyw hXn\m
kw\ymknhs\ sshcmKykw\ymknsbv ]dbpp.
imkv{Xm\w t\Sn temInse \ XnI A\p`n
dnv {]]n\p t\pff Xmev]cyw hnv tZlhm
k\ imkv{Xhmk\, temIhmk\ Fo GjW {Xbw
hnv Fm hn[nepapff {]m]nI hrnIfpw On
n ]mZmw t]mse IcpXn km[\NXpjvSbw tNv
kw\ymkw kzoIcnph\mWv m\ kw\ymkn.

{Iam\pkrXambn kIeXpw A`yknp Fmnsbpw

A\p`hw t\Sn m\ sshcmKy XXz icnpw
{Klnv tZlw am{Xw Ahtijnnp kw\ymkw kzoIcn
ph PvRm\ sshcmKy kw\ymknbmIpp.

24. IpSoNIx inJm b tm ]hoXnZWv U I

aWvUep[cx Im ]o\ imSoIm [cx ]nXr amXr
Kwhmcm[\ ]cx ]oTcJ\n{Xn inIymZn a{
km[\ ]cx GI {XmmZ\ ]cx tiztXm [z
]pWv {U[mcn {Xn ZWvUx
25. _lqZI inJmZn Im[c kv{Xo ]pWv{U
[mco {Xn ZWvUx
k\ymknam Bdp hn[amWv. IpSoNI, _lqZ
I, lwk, ]calwk, XpcobmXoX, Ah [qX,
IpSoNI, inJbpw ]qWqepw [cnv ZWvUw IaWvUep,
Iu]o\w, I, Infm Fnhsc Bcm[nv ]oTw
Iqmen inIyw Fnhbpambn HcnSp\np am{Xw
`Ww Ignv tiztXm[z]p{[mcnbmbn {XnZWvUw
[cnv kcnpp. _lpZI inJ, I Fnh
[cnph\pw Fm hn[nepw IpSoNIs\tmse
tX\obpsS ]cn]mSnIeh\pw BWv Ah Fpcpf
tNmdpam{Xw `npp.

26. l wtk m P Sm[ m c o {X n ] p W vt{U m [ z

] p W v {U [ mc o A k w o] v X a[ p I c m mi o
Iu]o\ JWvUXpWvU [mco.
27. ]cwalwk inJmbt m]hoX cloXx
] KrtljpIc]m{Xn GI Iu]o\ [mcoim
SotaImtaIw sshWhwZWv U taI imSo tcm
hm`kvtampf\ ]cx kh XymKo
lwk PSm[mcnbmWv. {Xn]pWv{Uhw A
]pWv{U[mcnbpw ]ebnSp \npw tNmZnp hmn.
`Ww Ignph\pw Iu]o\am{X [mcnbpamWv.
AphoSpIfn \npw ssIbn `n kzoIcnpp.
Asn `kvaw [cnv Hcp hncnp am{Xw kzoIcnv
kIeXpw ssI shSnbpp.

805

I 28.

XpcobmXotXm tKmapJ hrXzm^emlco

Amlmco tNXv Krl{Xtb tZlam{XmhinjvSx
ZnKw_cx IpW]hXv icochrnIx
29. Ah[qXkv X p A\nbax ]XnXm`n ikv X
hP\ ]qhIw kh htjvT APKcarXym
Blmc ]cx kzcq]m\pkm ]cx

khkwK]cnXymKnbmWv XpcobmXoX. Ah
tKmapJ hrnbpw aqv hoSpIfn \nv Atam
^eaqemZnItfm `nbmbn kzoIcnph\pw tZl
am{Xw ]peph\pw ZnKw_c\pamWv. Ah kzw
icos arXicocw t]mse IcpXn PohnXw \bnpp.
Ah[qX\v bmsXmcp \nbahpan. Ah ]XoXamcpw
\nnXamcpw HgnsI Fm hfn \npw
s]cpmns an InpXpsImv Xr]vXnsv Ign
pIqSpp. Ah kz kzcq]m\pkm\n apgpIn
bncnpp.

30. PKmhZnZnZw \mlwk hr XrW ]h

XwbZv _mlyw PUaXywXXv kymw IY alm
hn`pxImte \mev t ]\ hnebotZtlm kla
tNX\.
31. PUbm I ijvSeym Iev]am\ W
tbmiq\ymIrXnx iq\y `hx i_vtZm
\m l a X tNX\x
acfpw ]pw CeIfpw ]hXfpw\nd Cu
kakvX PKpw Fn \nv `namWv.Atm Rm
Fs\ Ahbn Hmbnocpw? Fsm Rm
hn`qh\mWv. Imen Iev]nXhpw AXnio{Lw hnebm
{]m]npXpamb tZlw Rm\.

32. Xz Nm W hn\m in\ym{]mt]ym f {]mt]ym

f b a \yYmNnXv {]kmtZm ]e_vt[mmkv]
tim \mla tNX\x
e_v[ mm Pnbm Xptmtemebm temek
bmkzev]kv] t\m {Zhy \njvt Tmctkm \mla
tNX\x
34. Zriy Zi\tbm eo\w boW hn\min
t\mx tIhte {`jvScnnWwcq]w \mla tNcWw.
35. \mkbmKPUbmbnWym ]cnIev]nXx
t]ethmS \nbXmImtcmKtm
\ml a tNX\x
36. \nt f a\\x imtmKX
]t{nb {`axip
tN X \ G h ml wI m e mI e \ h P nX x
ssNX\y hPnXx Nnm{Xal
tatjm f h `mkI.

Aev ] t\cw am{Xw \ne\nevpXpw iq\ymIr

Xnbpw iq\ymkzcq]hpw Iev]nXhpw AtNX\hpamb
PUi_vZcq] Rm. AXpt]mse Aev] kabn\p
ffn \inpXpw \mIpXpamb Cu Xzpw
Fn \nv `namWv. Rm ssNX\y {]`mhn
Bm\p `qXn ssIhcp PU kv]ia. Nea\
n \npw AXnt\mSv tN \mn \npw {Zhy
n \npw Dmb Xpamb kv]\hpw Rm\.
AXpt]mse ZriyZi\ hnebw {]m]nXn\ptijw
\inp PUamb A\p`hhpan. Rm tIhew
{`jvSmhp am{Xw.Xpamb PUKhpw Rm\. As\
Rm ]t{nbepsS {`aanmh\pw aaX cln
X\pw imn kzcq]\pw Iemamen\y clnX\pw imn
kzcq]\pw Iemamen\y clnX\pw ip ssNX\y kzcq]
\pw BWv . Rm ssNX\yn\p AZoXamb Nnm{X
{]ImiamWv.

37. k _m lym`ymc hym]n I

\njvI tem f lw \ncRvP\x I
\nhnIev] NnZm`mk I
GI Ghmkvan khKx II
38. assbhtNXt\t\ta I
kth LS]SmZbx I
kqcymm Ah`mkymt I
Zot]t\hmtXPkm II
39. assbh Xmx kv^pcol I
hnNnt{X{nb hrb I
tXPkmx {]Imti\ I
bYmn IW]wbx II
40. A\m\m kwt`mKm I
Ntcm]ia imen\n I
iptmbw Nnbo Zrjv Sn
PbXyJne Zrjv Snjp
41. kh `mhmcmb I
ssNXyap NnZmt\ I
{]XyIv ssNX\y cq]mb I
alytah \tam \ax
AIpw ]pdpw hym]n \njvI f\ncRv P\
\nhnIev]\mbn NnZm`mk\mbn khhym]nbmbnpff
GImmhmWv Rm. Fs Htc Hcp ssNX\yn
\npamWv NcmNcw apX kqcy hscbpff Fmw
tXPkznIfmsSpXv. kth{nbfpsSbpw hnNn{X
hpw hn`nhpamb coXnbnepff hrnI Fs Ax
{]Imin \npw Anbn \npw kv^penwKsf

806

I t]mse DmIpp. Cu ipNnbZrjvSn Ghpw

B\{]Zhpw imnimenbpw GXp Xcn t\mnbmepw Pbw ssIhcnpXpamWv. Cu apamb
Bmhv Fm hn[nepff `mhmcfnepw mbn
bmbn \ne\npp. CXv ssNX\ymhbn \npw
apamb NnZmmhmWv. Cs\bpff {]XyKmmhn\v
\akvImcw.

42. hnNn{Xmx imbx kz I

kambm \nhnImcbm I
Nn{Xm{Inbt kabm I
Iem Ie\ apbm II
43. Ime{Xb apt]n{Xym
lo\mbmssXy _ss\x I
Nn{XssXyapt]nXzm I
kassXhmhinjytX.
44. km ln hmNmaKayXzm
Zkm an] imizXn x I
ss\cmknmZi
ap]bmssXh injytX II
45. Culm\olm a ssb c
bm NnZmhenXm assex I
bm NntmXv]mZnXpw iym I
]mi _th ]nWn II
46. CmtZzjkapt\ I
Zzztamtl\ Phx I
[cmhnhc am\mw I
IoSm\mw kaXmw KXmx II
hnNn{Xhpw kzhpw kh `mhbphpamb
inIsf {]ISampXv. \njvIfhpw Iev]m\mXoXhp
amb NnXv in XsbmWv. Cu Nnn {XnImesf
mfpw in IqSnbXpw Zriy{]]_\ hnap
amWv. hmNma tKm]pchpw imkzXhpw \ncXn ibhpamb
Bmhnes\tmse AXv {]tim`npp. Cm\nI
tfmSp IqSnbhcn hnfp NnXv in amen\yabam
Wv. AXv ]mi_amb ]nsbtmse ]dm
Aiampp. C sImpw DmIpZzz`mhm
PohnI tamlw \nanw ]rYznbpsS Kn hoW
IoSv Xpeyambncnpp.

47. Bt\kvXp \akvXp `yahnn

NnZmt\ I
]cmarjvtSm f kvane_vt[mfkva n I
t{]mZntXmkva yNncmZlw

48. DrtXm fkvan hnIevt]t`ym

tbm fkvan tkm f kvan \tamkvXp tXXp`yw

alya\mb I
Xp`yw alyw NnZmt\ II
49. \akvXp`yw ]tcimb I
\tam alyw inhmb N I
XnjvT\m]n ln \mkot\m I
K]n \ KXn
50. imtm f ]n hyhlmcw I
Iph]n \ en]ytX I
kptbm ]vX _p hXv I
icoc ]Ipltc I
thjmtahm jSv ]Zx
Ahnn Nn{Zq]mmhmb \n\v \akvImcw.
Rm kZm {]Xyhpw e_v[ hpw DZnXamIpp.
hnIev]clnX\mWv Rm. Rm GsXmmtWm AXpXs Rm. F\nv \akvImcw. Rm\pw \obpw A\
amWv. \mw cp t]cpw NnZmmhmWv.Cu Bmhv Ccn
pnsnepw Ccnpp. t]mIpsnepw t]mIp
n. im\msWnepw Ihy{K\mWv. Imcy
sNpp shnepw Hnepw en]vX \. Bmhv kZm
kpe`amWv. _phns\tmse ka\pw Fmhcp
sSbpw icocamIp ]Iplcn {`acstmse
hknpXpamWv.

51. \ ta t`mKnXu hmRvOm I

\ ta t`mKhnkPt\ I
bZmbmXn XZmbmXp I
XXv {]bmXn {]bmXp XXv II
52. a\km a\knnt I
\nclmcXmw KtX I
`mth\ KfntX `mth I
kzkvXnjvTman tIhe: II
53. \n`mhw \nclmcw I
\na\kvIa\olnXw I
tIhemkv] ipm
t\yh XnjvTXn ta cn]px
54. Xrjv Wm cKWw OnXzm I
acocI ]RvPcmXv I
\ Pmt\ Iy KtXmob I
\nclmc ]oWo II

807

I 55.

bky \mlw IrtXm t`mthm I

_pn bky \en]vbtX I
bx k ax k h `qtX j v T P oh nXw Xk y
tim`tX II

t`mK A\p`hnWsatm t`mKs shSnb

Wsatm F\nm{Klan. hcpXv hcs t]mIpXv
t]mIs, a\n \npw a\v thsm, Alw
mcw AkvXanm `mh\bm `mh\m \miwkw`hn
m Rm tIhew kz cp]n nXn sNpp.
`mhclnX\pw \nclmc\pw at\mclnX\pw kv ]c
lnXamb ipmmhpamW vRm. B \nebn F\nv
i{Xp FhnsS? Fs icoc ]nRvPcn hknncp
\nclmcamb ]n XrjvWbmIpIb s]mnv
FhnsS t]mtbm? AIrI\pw \nen]vX _pnbpw
kaZinbpw Bbn bmsXmcm PohnXw \bnpp
Ahs PohnXamWv tim`\w.

61. tNX\w Nncnw ln I

{]XyIvtNX\ apNytX I
\n\kvI kz`mhXzm
X{X Ie\maew II
62. km kXyXm kminhXm I
kmh ]mcamnIm I
khXm km kwXr]vXn
\\pb{X a\x Xw I

56. tbmx ioXebm _pym I

cmKtZzjhnapbm I
kmnhXv ]iyXoZw ln I
PohnXw Xky tim`tX I

63. {]e] hnkrP KrlvW

57. tb\ kayIv ]cnmb I

tltbm]mtZb aPv Xm I
Nnkymt fnXw Nnw I
PohnXw Xky tim`tX II

64. aew kwthZyapXvkrPy I

58. {Kmlym{KmlyI kw_t I

otW imn cptZXyew I
nXna`ymKXm imo I
tam\m am`n[obtX II

65. Aip`mip`kev]x I

59. {`jvS_otPm]am `qtbm I

PmpchnhPnXm I
lrZn PohZv hnapm\mw I
ipm `hXn hmk\m II
60. ]mh\o ]ctamZmcm I
ipkXzm\p]mXo\n I
B [ym\abo \nXym I
kpjp]vXn th XnjvT Xn II
ioXfamb Ax IcWtmSp IqSnbh\pw cmK
tZzjmZnclnX\pw temIs kmo `mht\ ImWph\pamb hynbpsSPohnXw [\yamWv. \XnIsf
kw_n Nn Dt]nh\pw Nnn Xs
ebnnh\pamb hynbpsS PohnXw tim`mbam\
amWv. {Kmlym{KmlyXm _w \inm imn ssIh

cpp. As\bpff imnv tamsav ]dbpp.

hdpsSp hnv apfm tbmKyamXpt]mse
Pohp\mbnonpffhs lyZbnse hmk
\I ipambnocpp. Ah ip\pw DZmc\pw
ipkXz\pw B[ym\bp\pw B[ym\bp
\pw \nXykpjp]vXnbn nXn sNph\pamIpp.

pj \nanj]n I
\nckvX a\\m\
kwhnm{X]tcm f kvaylw II
at\m \nqeb ]cw I
Bim]mim\ew OnXzm I
kwhnm{X ]tcmkvaylw II
kwimtm kvan \ncmab; I
\jvt Sm jvSm\njvSIe\; I
kwhnm{X ]tcmkvaylw II
tNX\w Nnncnambnocptm AXv Bm
hmIp tNX\sbv ]dbsSpp. kz`mhw CbmIp
tm AXn tZmjan. AXpXs kXymh.
AXpsImmWv. inhcq]w kXymIamIpXv. AXp
Xs khX. AXpXs kq Xr]vX n.
AXn a\n bmsXmcp hn[nepapff tZmj`mhhpw
Dmn. Rm ]dbpIbpw ssIhnSpIbpw FSppI
bpw IpXpdpIbpw ASbv pIbpw sNppshnepw a\\w tN B\amIp kwhnv Bmhp
Xs kwthZyamb amen\yaIn.
a\ns\ CmclnXamn Bim]miw hntZnv
Rm tIhew kwhnXv cq]n nXn sNpp. ip`mip` kev]sfmpw IqSmsX Rm \ncmabnXnbnemWv. CjvSm\njvS`mK shSnv Rm tIhe
kwhnXv kzcq]ambn.

808

I 66.

BXm ]ctX Xyzm I

\nhn`mtKm PKnXx I

lrZyXm kXyXmXm I

h{PkvX w`hZmm\
ahew_y ntcmkvarlw I

B\ntXm]iaXm I
kZm {]apZntXm ZnXm I

\nembmw \ncmimbmw

]qWtXmZmcXm kXym I

kzkwhnmotXmkva ylw II

Imn km kssZIXm II

67. CulnXm \nlnssX aptm I

tltbm]mtZb hPnXx I
IZmkvtXmjtajyman I
kz{]Imi ]tZ nXx I
68. ItZm] ima\t\m I
[cWo[cItc I
ktajyman inemkmayw I
\nhnIev]kam[n\m II
69. \ncmi[ym\hn{im
aqIky aa akvX tI I
IZm Xw Icnjyn I
Ipembw h\]p{XnImx II
70. \ Iev] ]mZ]w Xrjv Wm I
eXw OnXzm at\mh\w I
hnXXmw `qham\kmZy I
hnlcman bYm kpJw II
cmKtZmj shSnv hn`mKclnXamb PKn
Ignv kpZrVmmhmIp kvXw`w B{ibnv Rm
\nesImffpp. \nehpw CmclnXhpamb BmnXnbn Rm \nesImffpp. Rm tNjvSbpw
AtNjvSbpw tlbhpw D]tZbhpw ssIhnv Ftm
BmkpjvS\mIpw AtmgmWv kzbw {]ImimhbnsepXv. Fs\nv ]hX Kplbnencpv im\mbn a\\w sNbvXv \nhnIev] kam[n {]m]nv Ip
t]mse \ne\mIm Ignbptam? Ftm Rm AwiclnXamb {_[ym\n Ghpw \ne nXnbnencns IpbnepI Fs Xebn IqSp \nnptam? kev]amIp hrsfbpw apdnv a\mIp hnkvXrX`qanbn Fp Rm kkpJw hnhcn
pw? ]ca]Zw {]m]nv ssIheycq]ambn Rm hnlcn
pp.

71. ]Zw XZ\pbmtXmkvan I

tIhtem fkvan P]maylw I
\nhmtWm fkva n\octlm fkvan I
\n cmtim fkvan \ncn]vknXx II

72. kztXmPnXXm km I

73. CtXyhw Nnb `npx I

kzcq]nXn aRv Pkm I
\nhnIev] kzcq]tm I
\nhnIevt]m _`qh l I
\nhmW, \ncol, \ncwIpi \nco]vknX,
Cu AhkvXItfmsS Rm kz\pw hocyhm\pw km
imenbpw kXym\ kzcq]\pw Bbnoncnpp.
B\w D]iaw {]kX ]qtmZmcX kXyw AssZz
Xw FnhbpsS `mh\ tNv k\ymkn kzkzcq]
nX\mbncnWw. \nhnIev] kzcq]\mbn Rm
Xoncnpp.

74. BXptcm PohXn tNXv {Iakw\ymkx I

hyx \ iq{Z, kv{Xo]XntXZmIym,kw`mjWw. \
btXtZh]qPt\mh Zi\w. Xkvam k\ym
knk GjtemIu, BXpc IpSnNItbm `temI
`qhtemIu, _lpZIky kz temIx, Xpcobm
XoXmh[oXtbmx kzmt\yh ssIheyw kzcq
]m\pkmt\\ {`acIoS\ymbhXvx
BXpc k\ymkw kzoIcnh PohnncnpIbm
sWn Ah {Iakw\ymkw kzoIcnm, {ian
Ww, iq{Z, kv{Xn ]XnX. cPkzebmb kv{Xn Fnhcp
ambn kw`mjWacpXv. GsXnepw tZhs\ ]qPnp
Dhw ImWm t]mIcpXv. ImcWw euInIImcyw
k\ymknpffX. BXpc\pw IpSnNI\pw `qtemIhpw
`qh temIhpw _lpZI\v kztemIhpw lwk\v
Xt]mtemIhpw ]calwk\v kXytemIhpw e`npp.
XqcnbmXnXsbpw Ah[qXsbpw \nebnepffh {`ac
IoS\ymtb\ kzkzcq]m\p km\w sNbvXv ssIheymhbn nXn sNpp.

75. kzcq]m\p km\ hyXncnm\y imkv{Xm

`ymk Djv{ SIppa `mhmZv hyx \ tbmK
imkv{X {]hrnx \ kmwJy ikv{Xm`ymtkm \
a{ X{hym]mcx t\Xc ikv {X{]hrnb
tXkvXn. AkvXn tNZvOhmemchXv INmchn
ZyZqcx \ ]cn{hmUv \mako\ ]cx bZy
XvI ItcmXn XZv ^ea\p`hXn. GcWvU
ssXet^\hXv khw ]cnXytPXv \ tZhXm
{]kmZ {KlWw _mly tZhm\w IpcymXv.

809

kzcq]m\p km\amsX ap imkv{XfpsS A`y

k\w k\ymknsb kw_nnStmfw HIns
]pdv Ippaw IbpXpt]mse shdpsXbmWv.
kw\ymknI tbmK{]hrntbmkmwJy imkv{Xm`ym
ktam a{X{ hym]mcmZnItfm Hpw sNtXn.
AsXms hPyamIpp. Bscnepw As\ sNbvXm
AXv ihs AecnpXpt]msebmWv. \mak
o\fnepw kw\ymkn hym]cncpXv. ImcWw
Fsnepw Iw sNbvXm AXns ^ew A\p`hntXmbn hcpp. Ah BhWsbnse
]Xt]mse kIeXpw XyPnWw. kw\ymknv GsX
nepw tZhXbpsS {]kmZw ZinpItbm GsXnepw
_mly tZhXsb ]qPnpItbm sNt Bhiyan.
76. kzhyXncnw khw Xyzm a[pcIchrXym
Blmcw Ignv taZv hnnp Blmcsampw
IgnmsX Iriicoc\mbn hnlcnWw. ssIbntem
]m{Xntem `n kzoIcnv Imew \bnWw. Bm\nbmb kw\ymkn BkwlnXamb Blmcta
Ignm ]mSpffp.

77. Blmcky N `mKu Zzu I

XrXoX apZIky N I
hmtbmx kmcWmmb I
NXpahtijtbXv I
78. ss`tW htbnXyw I
ss\Immio`thXv IzNnXv I
\ncot Xz\pZznm
kvXZv Krlw bXv\tXm {htPXv II
hbdns cp `mKw L\]Zmw sImpw Hcp
`mKw shffw sImpw \ndpw \mensemcp`mKw hmbp
kmcn\v HgnnSWw. `nmhrnXs kzoIcn
pI. Htc hon \nv XpSsc Blmcw IgncpXv.
imambn ImncnphcpsS hon `np
t]mIpI.

79. ] k]vX KrlmWmw Xp I

`nm antXv {InbmhXmw I
tKmtZml am{XamImw t I
\njv{Im tm \ ]p\ {htPXv
80. \mZv hctm]hmk I
D]hmkmZbmNnXx I
AbmNnXmZv hcw ss`yw I
XkvamZv ss`tyW htbZv II
81. ss\h khym] kthy\ I
`nmImte hntiZv Krlm I

\mXn {ImaXvKrlw tamlm

Zy{X tZmtjm \ hnZytX II

82. t{im{Xnbmw \ `ntX I

{im `n _lnjvIrXw I
{hmXykym]n Krtl `ntXv I
{im`n ]pckvI rtX II
83. am[qIckkwn]vXw I
{]mIv {]WoX abm NnXw I
XmXmImenIw tNm]]w I
ss`w ]hn[w kvarXw II
84. a\x kev]clnXmw
kv{Xo Krlm ]k]vX hm I
a[panIhXv IrXzm I
am[qIcanXn kvarXx II
85. {]mXx Imte N ]pthZyp
bZv `ssx {]mnXw aplpx I
XZv ss`w {]mIv {]WoXw kymXv I
nXw IpcymXv XYm]n hm II
ipmNmcnIfmbhcpsS Atm Gtgm hoSpIfn
`nv t]mImw ]iphns\ Idm BhiyapffnS
tmfw kabw Imp\nmw. Hcn t]mb hon
hopw t]mIcpXv. cm{Xnbnse Blmcsm D]hm
kw {ijvTamWv. AbmNnX `nsbm bmNnX `n
bmWpaw, AXn\m `nsb B{ibnpI. `nmL
n CSXphipff hgnIfn IqSntbm heXp`mK
pIqSntbm hon {]thincpXv. tZmjcloXamb
Krln t]mImXncncpXv. thZ {imclnX\m
sWn AbmfpsS Krln t]mtI. kwkvImc
iq\ys\nepw {ibpw `nbpw Dffhs\n Ahs
Krln \npw `n kzoIcnmw. `n Ap
hn[nepv. Akwn]vXw, am[pIcw, {]mIv{]WoXw,
AbmNnXw, XmXvImenIw D]]w. a\n apIqn
DdbvmsX GsXnepw aqtm Atm Gtgm hoSpI
fn sNv tX\nsbtmse `n kzoIcopXv
Akev]nX am[qIcamWv. {]`mX thfbntem {]Ya
Znhkw Xstbm Bscnepw `n]qhw At]n
m AhnsS {]mIv {]WoX `n kzoIcnpXn\v
t]mImhpXmWv.

86. `nmS\ kaptZymKm

tZy\ tI\ \na{nXw I
AbmNnXw Xp XZv ss`
t`mhyw N apapn`nx II

810

I 87.

D]mmt\\ bXv t{]mw I

`nmw {_mtW XXv I
XmevmenI anXn JymXw I
t`mhyw bXn `nx kZm II

88. knaw bZm \oXw I

{_mtW\ aTw {]Xn I
D]]anXn {]mlp
ap\tbm tam ImwnWx II
89. Ntcm[qIcw ss`w I
bXntIp emZ]n I
GImw \Xp `pRvPnX I
_rlkv]Xn kamZ]n I
bmNnXmbmNnNXm`ymw N I
`nm`ymw Iev] tbXv _p[x II
90. \ hmbpx kv]i tZmtjW I
\mo Zl\ IWm I
\mt]m aq{X]qcojm `ymw I
\mtZmtjW akvI co II
91. hn[qta kapkte I
hywKmtc `pht\ I
Iptey]cmt `qbnjvtT I
`nmNcWamNtcXv II
92. A`nikvXw N ]XnXw I
]mjWvUw tZh ]qPIw I
hPbnXzm NtcZv ss`w I
khhtjp Nm]Zn II
`nmw kcnptm Bscnepw Wn
m AhnsS t]mbn kw\ymkn `n kzoIcnpXv
AbmNnX `nbmWv. `nv ]pdsSptm Hcp
{_mW hv Blmcw Ignm Wnm B
XmevmenI `n kzoIcnmw. \nXyhpw Hcp {_m
W Xs Krln ]mIw sNbvX Blmcw sImp
hp Xm tamtphmb k\ymknv D]] `n
bmbn AXv ssIsmffmw. \nhrnbnsn kw\ym
knv ts Kyln \npw `nbmImw. Fm
Htc m\p\np Xs Hcnepw `n kzoIcn
cpXv. Hcp ]t Abm _rlkv] Xnsbtmse
]qPy\msWnepw kZmbmNnXtam AbNnXtam Bb
`n aptJ\ PohnXw IgnpXmWp Nn{Xw. hmbp
kIescbpw kv] inpp, An kIeXpw Zlnn
pp, Pen aeaq{XmZnI Iecpp, Fnepw
Ahv kv] itZmjan. AXpt]mse kw\ymkn

AtZmjw sImv ZpjnX\mIpn. ]pIbnmXpw

DebpsS i_vZw CmXpw Bb m\pw Xobv
ian epw BfpI Blmcw IgnpsImncnp
nSpw a[ym tijw `n kzoIcnmw. B]XvIm
efn kw\ymknv \ny\pw ]XnX\pw ]mjWvU
\pw BbnpffhcpsS hoSpIsfmgnsI kIehfn
s]hcn \npw `n kzoIcnmhpXmWv.

93. LrXw izaq{X kZriw I

a[p kymXv kpcbmkaw I
ssXew kqIc aq{Xw kymXv I
kq]w eiq\ knXw II
94. amj ]q]mZn tKmaw kw I
ocw aq{Xkaw `thXv I
Xkva mXv kh {]btXv\ I
LrXmZn htbZyXnx II
LrXkp]mZn kwbp
aw \mZymXv I ZmN\ I
]m{Xaky `thXv ]mWn
kvtX\ \nXyw nXnw \tbXv I
]mWn]m{X c tbmKn \mkvIrXv
ss`amNtcXv II
96. Btky\ Xp bZmlmcx I
tKmhXv arKbtX ap\nx I
XZm kax kymXv kthjy I
tkm f arXXzmb Iev] tX II
s\v k\ymknsb kw_nnStmfw IpXnc
aq{Xn\v XpeyamWv. tX aZyn\v Xpeyhpw, F
]naq{Xn\v Xpeyas{X. shfppffn tN ]Zm
, DgpptNhapXembh tKmamwk\p
XpeyamWv. ]mev aq{Xn\v Xpeyw, s\v apXembh
Cm Blmcta Ignmhq. kw\ymknv ssI
XsbmWv ]m{Xw. AXn Xs Blmcw IgnWw.
Hcp Znhkw cp XhW `ncpXv. ]iphns\tmse
Blmcw Ignp k\ymkn ka Zinbmb AarXXz
n\v ]m{XamIpp.

97. BPyw cp[ncanh XytPXv GI{Xmw ]ee

anh mcay Panh hkv{XapnjvS hm {ianh
A`rKw kv{Xo kwKanh an{XmmZbpw aq{Xanh
k v] r l mw tK m amwk an h mX N c tZ i w
NWvU me hmSn Imanh kv{Xnbw Alnanh kph
w ImfIqSnanh k`mew ivami\ eanh
cmP[m\nw Ipw`n]mI anh ihw ]nWvUh tZI
{Xmw \ tZhXm\w {]]hrn ]cnXyPy
Pohptm `thXv .

811

s\v cn\p Xpeyambpw Iqnsh amkwt]m

sebpw ]cnXyPnpI. Km\pte]\w ZpjvX hkvXphn
s\mhpw Dv NWvUmfs\tmsebpw hkv{Xw Fn
]m{Xw t]msebpw A`ywKw kv{XokwKw t]msebpw
t\cw t]mv aq{Xstmsebpw Alw`mhw tKmamwkw
tmsebpw IcpXWw. ]cnNnXcpsS Krln `nv
t]mIcpXv. k`mZnI ivaim\ambn IcpXpI. Htc hon
\nv `Ww IgnpXv arXI ]nWvUw t]mse IcpXn
ssIshSnbWw. tZh]qP ]mSn. {]m]nI kpJw
ssIhnv Pohp\mIpI.

104. GImw aZamcyw I

K]pjv]hn`pjWw I
Xmw_qem`yRvPt\ {IoUm I
t`mKmImx m ckmb\w

98. Bk\w ]m{Xtem]kbx

injy kbx I
Znhmkzt]m hrYmemt]m I
btX_IcmWn jSv II

106. kn hn{Ktlm bm\w I

aIw ip hkv{XIw I
ipt{mtm Znhmkz]vt \m I
`nm [mckvX p ssXPkw II

99. hjmt`ym\y{X bXv m\

amk\w XZpZmlrXw I
DmemZn ]m{XmWm
taI kym ]ol kw{Klx I

107. hnjw ssNhmbp[w _oPw I

lnwkmw ssXIjvWyw N ssaYp\w I
Xyw k\ymktbmtK\ I
Krl[mZnIw {hXw II

100. btXx kwhyhlmcmb I

]m{Xtem]x k DNytX I
KrloXky Xp ZWvUmtZ
ZznXobky ]cn{Klx II

108. tKm{XmZn NcWw khw I

]nXramXrIpew [\w I
{]Xnjnm\n ssNXm\n I
tkhamt\m {htPZ[x I

Bkw, ]m{Xtem]\w, k\w, injykbw

,Znhmkz]v\w, hrXmem]w, Cu Bdpw bXnv _
ImcWamWv. hjImew HgnsIbpff m\n\v
Bk\sav t]; k\ymknv hn[nnpff Npcbvm
apXembh \jvSsXn\p tijw asmsSppXmWv
]m{Xtem]w. Xs ZWvUw apXembh ssIhnp t]mb
Xn\ptijw asmsSppXv ]cn{KlamIpp.

109. kpPntm f ]n kpPnky I

hnZzm kv{Xojp \ hniztkXv I
kpPnmkz]n Imkp I
ktX Poaw_cw II

101. Imemtcm]t`mKmw I
kbx ]cnIonXx I
ip{iqjm em` ]qPmw I
btimw hm ]cn{Kl II
102. injymWmw \Xp ImcWymXv I
injy kw{Kl CucnXw I
hnZym Znhm {]Imi Xzm
ZhnZym X{X cpNytX
103. hnZymt`ytk {]amtZm bx I
k Znhm kzm] DNytX I
B[ymnInw IYmw apzm `nm hmmw
hn\m XYm I
A\p{Klw ]cn{]iv\w I
hrYm Pevt]m\ym DNytX

105. I\w Ir\w kzkvXn I

tPymXn {Ibhn{Ibw I
{InbmIhnhmZ I
KpcphmIyhnewL\w II

110. mhcw PwKaw _nPw I

ssXPkw hnjambp[w I
jtUXm\n \ KrlvWobm
ZyXnxaq{X ]qcojhXv.
]ns Znhkv thn ImpshbvpXmWv kw{Klw. ip{iqj, em`w, ]qP bin\p thn
{]hnpI Fnhbpw ]cn{KlamWv. B ipn
v kIcpWw hhs\bmsX A\ys\ injy\mp
Xv injykw{KamamW.v k\ymkn hnZysb {]Im
iambpw AhnZysb cm{Xnbmbpw IcpXsSpp. AXn
\m hnZy`ykn {]amZw ImWnpXv Znhm
kz]v\amWv. B[ymnI IYI `nsb kw_n
p Imcy A\p{Klw tNmZyn\pcw sImSp
pI FnhsbmgnsI kwkmcnpsXmw hy
Pev]\n s]Spw Alw`mhw, acw GImw ,
Kw, ]pjv]w, B`cWw, Xmw_qe{KlWw, FtXp
Ipfn, {InU, t`mtK, ckmb\w, apJkvX pXn, \n,

812

I Ipie{]iv\w {Ibhn{Ibw {InbmI , hmZhnhmZw

KpcphmIyewL\w kn hn{Kl, In, shfp
hkv{Xw, hocXymKw, ]Iepdw, `nm]m{Xw, kzw,
hnjw, imkv{Xw, {]mWnlnwk, tIm]w, ssaYp\w Fn
hsbmw kw\ykn ]qambpw ssIshSnbWw. amXm
hns Iense kv B{KlncpXv. hr\pw
]WvUnX\pamb kw\ymkn hrkv{Xosbbpw hnizkn
cpXv. Fsm ]gbXpWnbpw hkv{Xw XsbmW
tm. mhc PwKa _oPw kzw, hnjw, Bbp[w
Chsbmw k\ymkn aeaq{X Xpeyw XymPyambn
IcpXWw.

111. ss\hmZ`oX]mtYbw I
bXnx InnZ\m ]Zn I
]Izam]p KrlvWobmXv I
bmhZw \ e `ytX II
112. \ocpP bphm ssNh I
Znp\mhktY htkXv I
]cmw \n{]Xn{Km]yw I
\ ZZym IY\ II
113. ssZ\y `mhp `qXm\mw I
ku`Kmb bXn ivNtcXv I
]Izw hm bZn hm]Izw I
bmNamt\m {htPZ[
114. AZm\]tcm `np
hkv{XmZo\w {]Xn {Klo I
BhnIw hm\mhnIw hm I
XYm ]]Sm\]n II
115. {]XyKrly bXnXm I
]XtXyh \ kwibx I
AssZzXw \mham{inXy I
PohpmXzam]v\pbmXv. II
B]p ImemsX kw\ymkn hgnnehn\v
Hpw ssIhiw shbvcpXv. Av ImemnbXv Inn
bnn ]Izmw kzoIcnmw. BtcmKyhm\pw bphm
hpamb kw\ymkn Hcnepw A\ys Krln
IgnbcpXv.apffhp thn Fsnepw hkvX p
hmpItbm sImSppItbm ]mSn. A\ycpsS \v
Bmambn {ianWw. ]mIw sNbvXtXm A
tXm Bb hkvXp hmpItbm sImSppItbm ]mSn.
A\ycpsS \v Bmambn {ianWw. ]mIw
sNbvXtXm AmtXm Bb hkvXp BhiysSpXv
At[mKXnv ImcWamWv. Blmcn AXymn
ImpI, anI hkv{ Xw Infn hkv{Xw ]p hkv {Xw

Fnh {Klnp kw\ym\nv A[:]X\amWv. AssZz

X\uIbn Ibdn PohpXzw hcnpIsbXmWv
kw\ymknbpsS Ihyw.

116. hmKvZ WvtU au\amXn jvt TXv I

Imb ZWvtU Xzt`mP\w I
am\tk Xp IrtX ZWvtU I
{]mWmbmtam hn[obtX II
117. IWm _m[yX Pp
hnZybm N hnapNytX I
Xkva mXv I \ Iphn I
bXbx ]mcZin\x II
118. cYymbmw _lp hkv{XmWn I
`nm kh{X e`ytX I
`qanx imkvXn hnkvXom I
bXbx tI\ ZpxJnXm II
119. {]] aJnew bkvXp I
PmRm\mu PqlqbmZyXnx I
B\ynkmamtcm]y I
tkmntlm{Xo apZmbXnx
120. {]hrnx Zznhn[m t{]mm I
ammco ssNh hm\co I
m\m`ymkhXm tamXp
hm\cot`mIXztah N
121. \m ]rjvSwx IkyNnXv {_qbm
Nm\ymtb\]rXx I
P\\m]n ln ta[mho PUhtm IamNtcXv
122. kthjm tah ]m]m\mw I
kwLmtX kap]ntX I
Xmcw ZzmZi kml{k
a`ytkt Z\w ln XXv
123. bkvXp ZzmZi kml{k
{]Whw P]tX \zlw I
Xky ZzmZi`namsskx I
]cw {_ {]ImitX I
CXyp]\njXv
AYhm hmn\v in sImSpWsancnn
au\w hcnpI icocw innWsan D]khn
pI, a\ns\ innWsan {]mWmbmawsNpI,
PohnI Ifm _\n s]Spp. hnZybm
AXn \nv tamN\w t\Spp. AXn\m m\nbmb

813

I kw\ymkn In \npw Hgnncnpp. sXcphp

Ifn \nv ]gb XpWn [mcmfw Inpw. `nbpwkpe`
amWv. ChnsSbpw Ddm CSw Inpw. ]ns kw\ym
knv Fn\mWv Zp:Jw? k\ymkn {]]amsI m
\mnbn ZlnnWw Xs Bmhn Bmhns\
Pzennph\mWv almm\nbmb Antlm{Xn.
ammcn Fpw hm\cnsbpw hrnI phn[apst{X. m\m`ymknIv apJyambpw ammco
hrnbmWv. A{][m\ \nebnhm\co hrnbpw
BImw. tNmZnmsX bmsXmpw Atmp tIdn

]dbcpXv. Bscnepw A\ymbsn tNmZnmepw

ancpXv. Cu amXncn Lfn Adnbmsanepw
PUs\tmsebpw aqUs\tmsebpw s]cpamdWw.
GsXnepw ]m] IrXyw \Sm ]ocmbncw XmcI
a{w P]nv ]m]w ]cnlcnWw. Znhkhpw ]Xn\mbncw
Dcp {]Whw P]nph\v ]{pamkn\pffn
Xs ]c{_s kmmXvIcnphm Ignbpsam
Wv D]\njpIfpsS Dn.
k\ymtkm]\njv kam]np.

kc-kz-Xo-c-l-tkym-]-\n-jv 3

imn ]mTw
Hm. hmMv ta a\-kn-{]-Xn-jvTnXm at\m ta hmNn
{]Xn-jvTn-Xa
- m-hn-cm-hn a G[n thZky a BWo
x {ipXw ta am {]lm-ko-ct- \-\m-[otX \mtlmcm-{XXv kwZ-[man EXw hZn-jym-an. kXyw hZn-jyman. Xm-a-hXp XZz-m-c-a-h-Xp. Ah-Xp-amw. AhXm-h- mc ah-X p-h- mcw. Hmw. imnx imnx
imnx
Fs hmv a\-n nc-am-bn-cn--s. a\v
hmn nc-am-bn-cn--s. {]Im-im-mhm Fs apn
Av {]Xy--am-I-tW. tl hmMv, a\-p-I-sf, \n
cp-t]cpw Fs thZ-m-\-n-\m-[m-c-am-W.v AXn-\m
Fs thZm-[y-b-\s \in-n-c
- p-X.v Cu thZm-[ym-b-\n Xs-bmWv Rm cmhpw ]Iepw Nne-hg- n-p-Xv. Rm EXw ]d-bpw. kXyw ]d-bpw. Fs cn-pI. hm-hns\ cn-p-I. Fs cn-p-I. hm
hns\ cn-p-I. hm-hns\ cn-p-I. Hmw. imnx
imnx imnx

1. Ejtbm l ssh `K-hw Bizm-em-b\w

kw]q-Py-]-{]Nvipx
tIt\m-]m-tb\ XXvm\w XXv
]Zmm h`m-kIw
bZp-]m-k\
- bm Xzw Pm\mkn `K-h hZ

2. kc-kzXo Zi tmIym
k ENm _oP-an-{ibm
kvXpXzm P]vXzm ]cmw knn
ae`w ap\n-]pw-Khm
3. Ejbx Dux
IXw kmc-kzX {]m]vXnx
tI\ [ymt\\ kp{hX
alm kc-kzXo tb\
XpjvSm `K-hXo hZ
4. ktlm-hmNm izmem-b\x
Aky {Xn kc-kzXo Zi-tm-Ia
- -lm-a-{-ky-A-l-am-izm-em-b\ Ejnx A\p-jvSp]v Ox {iohmKo-izco tZho-Xn. bZzm-KnXn _oPw tZhow hmN-anXn
inx {]mtWm tZhoXn Ioe-Iw. hn\n-tbm-Kk
- vXX
{]nXyt {iZv[mta[m {]m [mcWm hmKv
tZhXm alm-k-ck
- zXo tXyssX cwK \ymkx
aljn-am `K-hm Biz-em-b-\s ASpp sNv
At-ls bYm-hn[n ]qPn--Xn-\p-tijw tNmZnp: ""`Khm-s\, GsXmcp m\w aptJ-\-bmWv ]Zm--I-amb ]cta-iz-cs
- \--n-bp kv]jvS-amb t_m[w Dm-Ip-Xv?
Cu m\w Fs\ t\Smw. Abvv GsXmcp tZhX-bpS D]m-k-\-sImv XXz-m\w e`n-m Ign-p.

814

I AXn-s\-p-dnv ]dp Xcm Zb-hp-m-IW- w. Bizem-b-\ ]dp: ""aljn-am-sc, Rm _oP-a{k

lnXw ]p aljn-am-cp kc-kzXo Zi-tm-In-ap-tJ\
D]m-kn-p-sImv ]cm-knn {]m]n-p.

11. {low B t\mZnthm _rlXx ]h-XmZm kckzXo bP-Z mKw Xp bw lhhw tZho PpPpjm- tWm LrXmNo imw t\m hmNm apiXn
irtWm-Xp.

aljn-am tNmZnp B kmc-kz-X-a{w Atbvv

GXp [ym\w sImv F-s\-bmWv knn-Xv? B a{ns aln-a-bm-em-Wtm Abvv `K-hXn alm-e-vanbpsS A\p-{Klw e`n-X
- v. Rpw B D]mbw ]d
p Xcp-am-dm-I-Ww. CXp-tIv Bizm-em-b-\ ]dp:
{io kc-kzXo Zi-tmIo alm-a{- -ns Ejn Rm
Xs-bm-Wv. CXns Ov A\p-jvSp-m-Ip-p. tZhX
hmKo-iz-cnbpw _oPw bZzmKv BWv. in tZhn; hmNw
IneIw; {]mtWm tZhn CXns hn\n-tbmKw {iohm-Koizco tZhXm {]oXn-bm-Wv. {i, ta[, {]m, [mc-W,
hmKvtZ-hX alm-k-c-kzXn Fo a{-sImv AwK\ym- kw.

12. ]mh-Im\ CXn a{ky a[p- Ejnx Kmb{Xo

Nx kc- k zXo tZh- X m. {ioanXn _oP- i nx
IoeIw CjvSm hn\n-tbmKw at{W \ymkmx

5. \nlm-cl
- mc L\-km-c-kp[m Icm`mw
Ieym-WZmw I\I NI Zma `qjmw
Dpw-K-]o\ IpN-Ipw-`-a-t\m-lcmw Kow
hmWow \aman a\km hNkm hn`qssXy

Hmw. {]mtWm tZho F a{-ns Ejn `c-ZzmP\pw Ov Kmb-{Xnbpw tZhX kc-kz-Xn-bp-am-Ip-p.

Hmw. \ax _oPw.

13. bm h ]Z hmIym kzcq- t]- s sWh

htX A\m-Zn-\n-[\
- m-\m kmamw ]mXp kckzXo
14. {iow ]mhIm \x kc-kzXo hmtP-`n hmPn\o
]Xo. bw hjvSp [nbm hkpx
15. tNmZ-bn-{XoXn a{-ky-a-[p- Ejnx Kmb{Xn
Ox-kc
- -kzXo tZh-Xm. pan-Xn-_o-P-inx Ioe
Iw at{W \ymkx

thZm {_ XXz kzcq-]n-Wnbpw hn`n \ma-cq-]-fn {]Xy--s-Sp hPw B kc-kzXn Fs cn-s.

[ym\w av, app-am-e, Iq-cw, N{ ChbpsS tim` Iehfpw IeymW Zm{Xnbpw I\I NI-Zm-a-`q-jbpw XSn IpN-Ipw-`--fm at\m-l-cnbpw Bb
Zm\-m kptim-`n-Xbpw kvXpXn-p--hsc cnhmWo-tZ-hnsb sFiz-cy-n-\mbn Rm a\-p-sImpw p-hfpw A-h-Xn-bp-amb `K-hXn kc-kzXn km[-Ihmp-sImpw \an-p-p.
cmb Rsf A-m ]cn-]q-cm--s.

Hmw. {]mtWm tZho-Xyky a{ky `c-ZzmP

Ejnx Kmb{Xo Ox {io kc-kzXo tZh-Xm. {]Wth\ _oP inx Ioe-I w. CjvSmt hn\ntbmKx at{W \ymkx
"Hmw {]mtWm tZhn F a{-ns Ejn `c-ZzmP\pw Ov Kmb-{Xnbpw tZhX kc-kz-Xn-bp-am-Wv.

7. thZm XssXz-Ik
- z-cq]m ]c-amXx
\ma cq]m-\m hym km amw ]mXp
kc-kzXo
8. Hmw {]mtWm tZho kc-kzXo hmtP `nhmPo
\oh-Xn [o\m-a-h-Xy-hX
- p.
9. Hmw t\m Znh CXn a{ ky A{Xn Ejnx
{XnjvSp]v O. kc-kzXo tZh-Xm. {loanXn
_oP- i n Ioe-I w. CjvS mt hn\n- t bmKx
at{W \ymkx
10. bm kmwtKm-]mwK thtZjp NXptjzssI hKobtX AssZzXm {_Wx inx km amw ]mXp
kc-k z-Xo.

"B \uZnhm F a{-ns Ejn A{Xnbpw

Ov A\p-jvSppw tZhX kc-kz-Xn-bp-am-Wv.
thZ-th-Zmw-K
- -fn kvXpXn--s-n-cn-p-hfpw ]c{_--ns AssZzX in-bp-amb `K-hXn kc-kzXn
Fs cn-s.
D]m-ky-bmb tZhn kc-kzXn tPymXna-b-amb kptemI-p-\npw Xmsg ]h-Xm-Im-c-amb taLfpsS a[yn-eqsS R-fpsS b-n hp tNc-Ww. tZhn
R-fpsS kvXpXn-I-fm {]k--bmbn R-fpsS kvtXm
{X- tI-s.
"]mh-I m\' F a{-ns Ejn a[p--bpw
Ov Kmb-{Xnbpw tZhX kc-kz-Xnbpw BIp-p.
h--fnepw ]Z--fnepw hmIy-nepw A-klnXw kh{X hym]n-n-cn-p-hfpw BZy-m-Xo-Xbpw
A\-c
- q-]n-Wn-bp-amb tZhn kc-kzXn Fs cn-s
- .
Fm-h-scbpw ]cn-ip- -cm- p-hfpw Aw sImpw
Iw sImpw e`y-am-Ip [\w km-Zn-m Imc-W`q-Xbpw Bb tZhn kc-kzXn R-fpsS b-n
hcm Xmev]cyw hln--s.

815

"tNmZbn{Xn' F a{-ns Ejn a[p-

- bpw
Ov Kmb-{Xnbpw tZhX kc-kz-Xn-bp-am-Wv.

16. B[ym-a
- -[n-ssZhw N tZhm\mw kay-Ko-izco
{]Xy-KmkvtX thZ-obm km amw ]mXp
kc-kzXo
17. pw tNmZ-bn{Xow kq\r-Xm\mw tNXo kpa
Xo\mw bw Zt[ kc-kz-Xo.
18. atlm A CXn a{ky a[p Ejnx
Kmb{Xo Ox kc-kzXo tZh-Xm. ku coXn
_oPinx IoeIw at{W \ymkx
19. A-cym-aym-\m hnizw ss{XtemIyw bm\n-bXn cp{Zm- Z n- X ymZn cq]m bkym- a m- t hiy
Xmw]p\x
20. [ymbo kh cqss]Im km amw ]mXp kckzXo kux atlm Ax kc-kzXo {]tNm{I
bXn tIXp\m [ntbm hnizm hncm-PX
- n.
tZh-m-cpsS t{]c-Wm--I-i-nbpw B[n-ssZ-h-cq-]nWnbpw \psS Dn hmWo cq]-n {]Xn-jvTn--s-hf
- p-amb `K-hXn Fs cn--s.
kXyhpw {]nb-hp-amb hmp ]d-bp-hm t{]cW
\Ip--hfpw m\-{]-Zm-bn-\-bp-amb kc-kzXo tZhn
R-fpsS bs [cn-n-p-v. "atlm Ax' F
a{-ns Ejn a[p--bpw Ov Kmb-{Xnbpw tZhX
kc-kz-Xn-bp-am- Ip-p.
A-cym-an-bmbn temI-bm{Xw \nb-{n-p-h
- fpw
cp{Zm-Zn-XymZn At\I tZh-X-am-cpsS cq]-n \ne-sImp-h
- -fp-amb kc-kzXn \s cn--s.

25. \ma-Pym-Xym-Zn-`ntZ ssZc-jvS[m bm hnI-ev]nXm

\ nh n- I - e v] m- \ m h y m k m amw ]mX p
kc-k z-Xn.
26. nw bZv hmKv hZn Ahn tNX-\m\n cmjv{SotZ-hm\mw \nj kmZ a{m NX{k DuPw ZpZptl
]bmw kn Iz kznZkym ]caw PKm-a.
"NXzm-cn-hmIv' F a{-ns Ejn DNYy ]p{X\mb ZoL Xapw Ov {XnjvSppw tZhX kc-kzXnbpw _oPw inbpw IoeIw sFw Dw BWv. a{m AwK-\ymkw sNp-p.

A ZrjvSn-bp Pohn-I-fpsS apn hn`n cq]n {]Xy--s-Sp--h-fmb kc-kzXo tZhn Fs cn-s.

]cm-]-iyn a[ya sshJco Fo \mep ]mZ-
tN-XmWv hmv. Cu ]Z- m\n-Iv icn-dn-bmw. Ch-bn BZys aqpw lrZb Klz-c
- n
nXn-sN-p--Xn-\m {]I-S-am-Ip-n-. Fm sshJcn
P\-v kwkm-cn-m-\p-XI
- p-p.
11. "bZzmKv hZn' F-Xns Ejn `m-h\pw Ov
{XnjvSppw tZhX kc-kz-Xnbpw BWv.
\ma-cq-]
- aptJ\ Fp hn[-nepw \nhn-Iev]
cq]-nepw {]Xy--s-Sp `K-hXn kc-kzXn Fs
cn--s.
Znhy `mh- {]I-Sn-n-p--hfpw m\w {]Zm\w
sNbvXv b-n hncm-Pn-p--h-fp-amb tZhn Fm
Znp-Ipw thn Ahpw Pehpw Hgp-p-p.

27. tZhow hmN- a nXn a{ky `mhx Ejnx

{XnjvSp]v Ox kc-kzXo tZhXmx kucnXn _oP
inx IoeIw at{W \ymkx

kc-kzXo tZhn Xs-bmav Fm hn[-n-ep-ap

I-hym--I-amb _pnsb hnI-kn- n-p--X.v B tZhn
28. hym-hy Kncx kth thZm-ZyxRsf cn--s.

21. NXzmcn hmKnXn a{-k y-D-N Yy ]p{X Ejnx

{XnjvSp]v Ox kc-kzXo tZhXm sFw. CXn _oP
in IoeIw atW \ymkx
22. bm {]XyIv ZrjvSn-`n Pnssh hyPy-a m\m
\p`qbtX hym]n\o m]vXn cqss]Im km amw
]mXp kc-kzXox
23. sFw NXzmcn hmIv ]cn-anXm ]Zm\n
Xm\n hnZp {_mWm tb a\o-jnWm
Kplm {XoWn \nlnXm t\ K bn
Xpcobw hmtNm a\pjym hZ-n.

24. bZv hmKm hZ-oXn a{ky `mhx Ejnx

{XnjvSp]v Ox kc-kzXo tZhXm oanXn _oP
inx IoeIw at{W \ymkx

hym-lc
- -nbmw
kh-Im-a-Zp[m t[\px km amw ]mXp kc-kzXo
29. kux tZhow hmNa P\-b tZhm kvXmw
hniz-cq]m ]ithm hZn km t\m
at{j apPw
Zplm-\ m-t[-\phm- K-kvam-\p-]-kp-jvSp-s sX-Xp.
30. DXXz CXn a{ky _rl-kv]-Xn Ejnx
{XnjvSp]v Ox kc-kzXo tZh-Xm. kanXn
_oP inx IoeIw at{W \ymkx
31. bmw hnZyXzm Jnew _w \na-Y ym-J ne
h\m tbmKo-bmXn ]cw m\w km amw ]mXp
kc-kzXo

816

I 32. kw DX Xzm ]iy ZZ-Ai hmN-arX Xzx

irWz irtWm tXy\mw DtXm-Xzkvssa
(X-\zw) hnkt{k Pmtb-h-]Xy DiXn kphmkmx
33. Aw_n-Xa CXn a{ky KyXv kam Ejnx
A\p-jvSp]v Ox kc-kzXo tZh-Xm. sFanXn
_oP-inx IoeIw at{W \ymkx
34. \ma-c q-] m- Iw khw bkym amth-i yXmw
]p\x [ymbn {_ cqss]Im km amw ]mXp
kc-k z-Xo.
sFw Aw_n-Xta \Zo-Xta tZhn-Xta kc-kzXn
A{]- i kv X m Ch kv a kn {]i- k v X n- a w_ \a
kv Ir[n.
tZhow hmNw F a{-ns Ejn `m-h\pw
Nv {XnjvSppw tZhX kc-kz-Xnbpw BWv. _oPw
inbpw IoeIw kuw BIp-p. a{w aptJ\ Xs
\ymkw sN-Ww.
hymm- hy- - hm- Wn- I-fmb Fm thZm- Zn- Ifpw bmsXmns\ hym]-cn-p-p. kh-Ima ZpL-bmb B kc-kzXn
Rsf cn--s.
sshJco hmWn {]mW cq]- n tZh-m- cm krjvSn-s-p. B hmWnsb hn`n tZl-[m-cn-I D-cn-pp. Imat[\p-hn-s\-tmse kpJw \Ip tZhn-{]-k-bmbn R-fpsS kao]w {]Xy--am-I-s.
DXXzw F a{-ns _rl-kv]-Xn-bmWv Ov
{XnjvSp-.v tZhX kc-kz-Xn-bpw...
kc-kz-Xnsb {_ hnZym-cq-]-n Adn--Xn-\ptijw tbmKn-h-cy-m kIe _-fpw hnt-Zn-p-p.
tZhn Fs cn-s
- .
tZhnsb Inpw Nne ImWp-n-. tInpw tI
p-n-. Fm Nne `mKy-im-en-I-fpsS apn ]Xnsb
Iman-p kv{Xo `r k-[n-bn A\m-hrX cq]n Xs Ccn-p--Xp-t]mse hmKvtZhn Xs kzcq]w
{]I-S-am-p-p.

36. NXpapJ apJmw t`mP h\-lw-k-h-[p aax

am\tk caXmw \nXyw kh-ipm kc-kzXo

37. \akvtX imctZ tZhn Imivaoc ]pc-hm-kn\n

Xzmalw {]mtb \nXyw hnZym-Zm\w
N tZln ta
38. A kq{Xm-p-[cm ]mi ]pkvXI [mcnWo
apm-lmc kam-bpm hmNn XnjvTXp ta kZm
39. Iw_p-I-WvTn-kpXm t{amjvTo
khm-`-cW `qjnXm
alm-k-ck
- zXo tZhn Pnlzmt{K kw\n hniyXmw
40. bm {im [mcWm ta[m hmKv tZho
hn[n-h-`m
` Pnlzm-{K-kZ- \m kamZn KpW-Zm-bn\o
41. \aman bmhn-\o-\mY teJm-ew-Ir-XI
- p-fmw `hm
\ow `h-k
- m] \nhm-]-W-kp-[m-\`nw
42. bm IhnXzw \ncm-Xw apapn Nhm-RvOXn
tkm `yss\mw Zi-tmIym \nXyw
kvXuXn kc-kz-Xo,
43. Xsskyhw kvXph-tXm-\nXyw ka-`yNy kckzXow `n {im- ` n- b p- ky jam- k mXv
{]Xytbm `thXv
44. XXx {]htX hmWo tkzbm efnXm
cm KZy-]Z- ym-ssIx i_vssZx c{]-ta-ssbhnh-nssXx
45. A{iptXm _p[ytX {Kx {]mbx kmc-kzXx
Ihx CtXy-hw \nbw hn{]mx km tlm hmN kckzXo
46. B-h nZym abm e_v[ n {_-ssW-h -k\m
X\o {_Xzw ta kZm \nXyw kn-Zm-\ cq]Xmx

NXpap-Js apJ-Ia
- e
- -amb h\-n cmP-lwkw
t]mse kcn-p--hfpw tizX Imn-bp-amb kc-kzXn
R-fpsS am\-k-n \nXyw can--s. Imivaoc ]pchm-kn-\n-bmb imc-tZ, Rm \nXyhpw \ns kvXpXn-pAw_n-Xa F a{-nse Ejn KpXvkv\ hZ\pw p. F\nv hnZym-Zm\w \evIp-I. \o Xs NXp `pP-fn A-kq{Xw Apiw ]miw ]pkvXIw Fnh
Ov A\p-jvSppw tZhX kc-kz-Xn-bp-am-W.v ..
[cn-n-cn-p-p. tZhn-bpsS amhn-S-n apm-lmcw
{_-X-Xz-a-dn-bp-h
- kc-kz-Xn-bn \ma-cq-]b
- p-tim`n-p-p. tZhn kZm Fs hmn hnl-cn-p-I.
amb kq {]]--sbpw Bth-in- n-p-sImv
tl Im_p-IWvTn? Acp-Wm-[cn khm-`-cW `qjntX, tZhn
tZhnsb [ym\n-p-p. B tZhn Fs cn-s
- .
Fs Pnlzm-{K-n hncm-Pn-- tW. `-m-cpsS \mn
tZhn tZhn-am-cnepw amXm--fnepw \Zn-I-fnepw shv Xpv hkn-p-sImv Ahv ia-Z-am-Zn-I {]Zm\w
kh t{ijvT-bm- W.v R [\-an-msX \nn- X-sc-tm-se sNp kc-kz-Xo-tZhn {im ta[m [mcWm kzcq-]nWnbpw {_m-hns {]nb-X-a-bp-am-Ip-p. N{-Iem hn`q-bm-bn-cn-p-p. Rv [\-k-arn ssIh-cp-p-I.

817

I jn-X-amb tIi-]m-i-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hfpw kwkm-c-_--\-a-

54. Bhr-tWmXv ]cm-inx km

kwkm-cky ImcWw
I-p--h-fp-amb `K-hXn kc-kz-Xnsb Rm \a-kvI-cn-pp. Ihn-Xztam t`mKtam `b-cm-ln-Xytam As- n
kmnWx ]pctXm `mXn enwKtamtam B{K-ln-p--h Cu ]p a{fm `KtZ-tl\ kwbpXw

h-Xn-bmb kc-kz-Xnsb `n-]qw ]qPn-W

- w. `n
- m-th-im--ohx kymXv
{i-tbmsS hn[n-{]-Imcw ]qPnv \nXyhpw `Pn-p 55. NnXn-m-bm-ka
hymh-lm-cnIx
` Bdp amk-n-\p-n Xs tZhn-bpsS Ir]bv
Aky Poh-Xz-am-tcm-]mXv kmo-Wy]m{X-am-bn-o-cp-p. An-s\-bm-Ip-tm KZy-]-Zym--I]y-h -` m-ktX
amb Ih-\
- n\pw Abm Ignhp tNcp-p. kc-kzXo
`-\mb Ihn ap--hc
- n \npw Hpw {ihn-msX 56. BhrXu Xp hn\-jvSmbmw t`Zm-]m-tX
Xs {K--fpsS Aw {Kln-m {]m]vX-\m-Ip]bmXn bXv
p. hn{]-m-sc, `K-h-Xn-bmb kc-kzXn Xs Xs Cu
XYm k {_-tWm t`Z-am-hr-Xy-Xn-jvTXn
`n-bpsS aln-a-sb-n Xs {io apJ-n-eqsS kzbw
]d-n-p--Xm-Wv. {_m-hn \nv F\nv k\m-X\
- - 57. bm in kvXZzm-imZv {_
hnIr-X-tXz\ `mktX
amb {_ hnZy km- Zn-p- hm km[n-p. Ctm Rm
kn-Zm-\ kzcq-]-amb \nXy-{_--Xz-m XnIpw [\nA{Xm-]ym-hrXn \mti\ hn`mXn
bm- W.v
{_ ktbmx

47. {]Ir-XnXzw XXx krjvSw kXzmZn

KpW-km-ayXx
km-`mXn Nnmbm ZtW {]Xn
_nw_-hXv

58. t_Z-kvX-tbmhn-Imcx kymXv kt

\ {_Wn IzNnXv
AkvXn `mXn {]nbw cq]w \ma
tNXyw-i-]-Iw

48. tX\ NnXv {]Xn-_nw-t_\ {Xnhn[m

`mZn km ]p\x
{]Ir-Xy-hn-n-X
- bm ]pcp-j-Xzw ]p\ tX

59. BZy-{Xbw {_-cq]w PKv{Zq]w XtXm-Zzbw

At]y \ma-cqt] tZz kn-Zm-\ XXv]cx

49. ip kXz {][m-\mbmw ambmbmw

_nw_ntXm lyPx
kXz-{]-[m\m {]Ir-Xn amtbXn {]Xn-]m-ZytX

60. kam[nw khYm IpcymXv lrZtb

hmYhm _lnx
khn-Ievt]m \nhn-Iev]x kam-[n
hnhnt[m lrZn

50. km ambm kztim]m[nx kh-tky

izcky ln
hiy-am-b-Xz-ta-IXzw kh-Xzw N
Xky Xp

61. Zriy i_vZm\pt`tZ\ khn-Iev]w ]p\ Zzn[m

ImamZymn Km Zriym kvXXv
kmn tXz\ tNX\m

51. kmXzn-IX
- zmXv ka-jvS-bn-XzmXv kmnXzmXv PK-Xm-a-]n.
PKXv Ip-a-Ipw hm Nm\yYm
Ip-ao-i-tX.
52. bx k Cuizc CXypx kh-Xzm-Zn-`nKpssWx
in Zzbw ln ambmbmx
hnt-]m-IrXn cq]Iw
53. hnt] inenw-KmZn {_m-WvUmw
PKXv krtPXv
A ZrKv Zriy-tbm t`Z _ln
{_ ktbmx

62. [ymtXbv Zriym-\p-hn-tmbw kam[nx

k hnI-ev]Ix
AkwKx kn-Zm-\x kz {]t`m ssZzX-hPnXx
63. AkvaoXn i_vZ hntmbw kam[nx
khn-I -e v]-Ix
kzm\p-`q-Xn-ck
- m-th-imZv Zriy
i_vZm-Zy-t]-nXpx
64. \nhn-Ie
- v]x kam[nx kym-\n-hmX nX
Zo]-hXv lrZoh _mly tZti]n bkvan
Ikvanw hkvXp \n.
65. kam-[n-c`- ym-k-m-{Xm-m-a-cq-]]
- r-YIv IrXnx
kvX_v[o `mthm ckm-kzm-Zm-r-Xobx
]qh-Xx

818

I 66. GssXx kam-[n`nx jUv`n \tbXv

Dm-Ip-p-v. Fm {_-n hnIm-cm-h

C.
krjvSn- bn Xs- bm-Wp--Xv. AkvXn, `mXn, {]nbw, cq]w,
Imew \nc-cw
\maw Fo Ap AwK-f
- n BZys aqsw
tZlm-`n-amt\ KfntX hnmtX ]c-am-\n
{_-ns kzcq-]a
- mWv; \maw, cq]w Fnh cpw
67. b{X-b{X at\m bmXn X{X X{X ]cm-arX
hniz-cq-]m-I-am-Wv. cpw kw_-n-p-tm Xs
- n nXn-sN-p-p. km[-I
68. `nZytX lrZ-b-{K\vYnx nZyt kh kwibmx {_w Cu hniz-cq-]
_mly-ambpw B-cn-Ia
- mbpw Fpw kam[nbn Xev]obt Nmky ImWn Xkvan
c-\m-I-Ww. lrZ-b-n khn-Ie
- v]-sapw \nhn-Ie
- v]ZrjvtS ]cm-htc
sapw kam[n cp hn[-am-Ip-p. khn-Iev] kam-[nv
69. abn PohXz aoiXzw Iev]nXw hkvXptXm
Zriym-\p-kn--sapw i_vZm-\p-kn--sapw cp hn`m-Kap-v. a\-n ImamZn hnIm-c- Dm-Ip-p. Cu hnIm\ln CXn bkvXp hnPm-\mXn k
c- Zriy--fm-Wv. tNX-\m-mhv Chbvv kmn-bmaptm \m{X kwibx CXyp-]\
- n-j-v.
Wv. AXns\ Zriym-\p-hn--k-am-[n-sbv ]d-bp-p. i_vZmkXzw cPv Xav Fo aqp KpW--fp-sSbpw
\p-hn--k-hn-Iev] kam-[n-bn km[-I, Xm AssZzX
kam-th-i
- m {]IrXn krjvSn--s-p. Im-Sn-bn
kzcq-]\pw kwK-cl
- n-X\pw kzbw {]Im-i\
- p-am-sWv
{]Xn-_ nw_w ImWp- -Xp-t]mse Xs {]Ir-Xn-b n
Nnn- p- p. Xm Xs-b mWv kn-Z m- \ - -s \pw
tNX\m {]Xn-_nw_w kXy-sav tXmpw. BtN-X\
- Nnnpp. B-cq-] m-\p-`q-Xn-bmb ckm-t h-i-m
bpsS {]Xn-_nw-_-m {]IrXn aqp hn[-n-sepw
Zriy-i-_vZ
- sf Dt]--tbmsS hon-p km[-Is
tXmpw. {]IrXn kwtbmKw sImmWv a\p-jy\v Cu
lrZbw \nhn-Iev] kam-[n-bpsS kpJw tNcp-p. \n
tZlw Inn-bn-p--X.v kXz-Kp-W{- ]-[m-\-amb {]Ir-Xn-am-bhmX Zo]w t]mse-bmWv km[-Is nXn. lrZ-bm-
bm-Wv. amb-bn {]Xn-_nw- _n-X-am-Ip tNX\ Xs AP`mK-p-m-Ip kam-[npw cp cq]--fm-Wv. AXpm-hv. amb khm-\m {_-ns Bm-Im-cn-Wnt]mse shfn-bnepw GsX-nepw hkvXp-hn-t\mSv Nnbm-Wv. ambsb hi-m-pI AZzn-Xo-b\pw kh--\pn GIm-{KX Dm-bn--gn-m AXv kam-[n-bm-bn.
am-Ip-I. {_-ns apJy eWw Ch-bm-Wv. {_w
Zriy-n-sbpw {`jvSm-hn-sbpw hnth-I-m BZys
kI-e-Xn\pw kmn kzcq-]a
- m-Wv. AXv {]] krjvSn
coXn-bn-e p kam[n Dm-I p- p. {]tXy-I-amb Hcp
sNm\pw Cm-Xm-m\pw ap-hn-[-n-em-m\pw ihkvX p-hn-t\mSv AXns \ma-cq-] - `n--sfp
am-Wv. hnt]w Bh-cWw Ch-bmWv amb-bpsS cp
tXmn-bm AXn-\m-{ib `qX-amb tNX-\s
- b-n Nnin-I. hnt-]-in enwK-tZlw apX {_mWvUw
bp-m-Ipw. CXmWv cm-as Xc-n-ep kam-[n.
hsc-bp kI-eXpw krjvSn-p- p. Bh-c-W-in
ssNX-\y-c-km-\p-`q-Xn-bm Dmb Bthiw \nanw
{ZjvSm-hn\pw Zriy-n-\p-an-Sb
- vp A-chpw {_kvX_v[X ssI hcp-Xv aqm-as hn[-n-ep kamn\pw krjvSnpw Xn-ep A-c-sbpw Bh-cWw
[n-bm-Wv. Cu kam-[n-If
- n PohnXw \bn--Ww. ico-cmsNp-p. AXv _-\m--Ia
- m-Wv. tNX-\b
- psS {]Xn`n-am\w hnv ]c-am--X-Xz-m-\-ap-m-bm a\v Fhn_nw_w Imc-W -cq-]
- n-ep {]Ir-Xn-bn \nln-X-amsS-sbmw Fptam Ahn-sS-sbmw Aar-Xzm-\p-`-ha
- p-mIptm temI-n Imcy-Im-cn-bmb Poh Dm-Ip-p.
Ip-p. AtXmsS kIe kwi-b-fpw \in-p-p. lrZBtcm- ln- X-am-I-bm AXns PohXzw kmn- bmb {_b-{K-n-I Xpd-p-p. \njvIe
- -hp-amb {_-ns
nepw ]co-n-s
- -Sp-p. Bh-cW in amdp-tm
^e-ambn kI-e-I-fpw bn-p-p. Fn Iev]nt`Zw kv]jvS-am-Ipw. AtXm-sS Poh-Xz-ns nXn kamX-amb Pohn-Xzhpw Cui-Xzhpw Iev]n-X-amWv; hkvXpX
]n- p- p. krjvS n {_--fpsS t`Zs Bh-cWw
AXm-sWv a\-n-em-p--h Poh-p--\m-Ip-sa-sNp inp hg-p {_w hnIm-cb
- p--amXn kwi-b-an Fv D]-\n-j-v.
sW tXm \nn- p- p. Bh- cWw amdn-bm Xs
kc-kz-Xo-c-l-tkym-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
{_-n-sbpw krjvSn-bp-sSbpw t`Z-ns {]XoXn

Q
N

819

I
1

kmhn-{Xyp-]-\n-jv

imn-]mTw
Hmw B]ym- b p aamw- K m\n hmIv {]mWpx t{im{X-atYm _e-an-{n-bmWn N khmWn
khw {_tm-]-\n,Zw amlw {_-\n-cm-Ipcyw am
am {_ \ncm-I-tcm-Z-\n-cm-I-cW akvXz-\n-cm-I-cWw
ta Akv X p. XZm- \n \nctXb D]- \ n- j p
[mkvtX abn kp tX abn kp Hmw. imnx
imnx imnx
Fs AwK- ]pn {]m]n-- tW. {]mW, Npv, t{im{Xw, _ew, C{n-b
- Fnh ]pn-{]m-]ntW. Fm D]-\n-j-p-fpw {_m- - I--fm-Wv. Rm
{_s \ncm-I-cn-m-Xn-cn--tW. {_ Fs \ncm-Icnm-X n-c n--tW. As\ {_-\n-c -X- \ m-b n-c np
F\nv D]-\n-j-Zp--amb {_s {]m]n-m-\n-S-h-ctW.
Hmw imnx imnx imnx

1. Ix khn-Xm, Im kmhn{Xo An-tch khnXm

]rYnho kmhn-{Xo, k b{Xm-n-kvXXv ]rYnho b{X
ssh ]rYnho X{X-nkvtX tZz tbm \o XtZIw
anYp\w
2. Ix khnXm Im kmhn{Xo hcpW Gh khnXm
B]x kmhn{Xo k b{X-h-cpW kvXZmt]m b{Xhm
B]kvX Zzcp-WkvtX tZz tbm\n XtZIw anYp-\w.

K
3

8. Ix khnXm Im kmhn{Xo a\ Gh khnXm

hmIv kmhn{Xo k b{X aukvX-ZzmIv b{X hm hmIv
X-\kvtX tZz tbm\o XtZIw anYp-\.
9. Ix k hnXm Im kmhn{Xo ]pcpj G h
khnXm kv{Xo kmhn{Xo k b{X ]pcp-j -k vX Xv
kv{Xo b{X hm kv{Xo k ]pcp-jkvtX tZz tbm\o
XtZIw anYp\w
Bsc khn- Xm- shp ]d- bpp? Bsc kmhn{Xnsbp
]d-bpp? An-Xs khn-Xm-hv. ]rYzn kmhn-{Xn-bpw.
FhnsS An-bptm AhnsS ]rYznbpv. FhnsS ]rYznbpv AhnsS An-bp-v. Ah cp-t]cpw tbm\n-I-fmWv. AXm-bXv {]]--ns {km--fmWv Ah Hcp
anYp-\-am-Ip-p.
BcmWv khn-Xmhv? BcmWv kmhn{Xn? hcp-W
Xs khn-Xm-hv. Pew kmhn-{Xn. hcp-W-\p-n-Sv Pe-apv. Pe-ap-n-Sv hcp-W-\pw. cp t]cpw {]]-tmev]n Im--fmWv Ah anYp-\-am-W.v
BcmWv khn-Xmhv? BcmWv kmhn{Xn? hmbp Xs
khn-Xm-hv. BImiw kmhn-{Xn. FhnsS hmbp-hptm
AhnsS BIm-i-hp-ap-.v Ah Hcp tbm\n-bm-Wv. Hcp anYp\-am- W.v

3. Im khnXm Im kmhn-{Xn. hmbp-tch khnXm

BImix kmhn{Xo k b{X hmbp kvXZm-Imtim
b{X hm BIm- i - k v X - Z zm- b pkv t X tZz tbm\o
XtZIw anYp\w

BcmWv khn-Xmhv? BcmWv kmhn{Xn? hmbp Xs

khn-Xm-h.v BImiw Xs kmhn-{Xn-bpw. hmbp-hp-n-Sv
BIm-i-ap-v. BIm-i-ap-n-Sv hmbphpw Ch bm\nbmWv Hcp anYp-\a
- m-W.v

4. Ix khnXm Im kmhn{Xo b Gh khnXm

O mk n k mhn{X n k b{X b k vX {X
Omwkn b{X hm Omwkn k bkvtX tZz
tbm\o XtZIw anYp\w

BcmWv khn-Xmhv? Bcv kmhn{Xn? b-amWv khnXm- h.v Ov kmhn- {Xn-bpw, b-ap-n-Sv Opw Op-n-Sv b-hp-ap-v. cpw Hcp tbm\n-bm-Wv. Hcp
anYp-\-am-Wv.

5. Ix khnXm Im kmhn-{Xo. kvX\-bn-Xv\p-tch

khnXm hnZypXv kmhn{Xo k b{X kvX\-bnXv\p
kvXZzn hnZypXv b{X hm hnZyp-{X kvX\-bnXv\p
kvtX tZztbm\o XtZIw anYp\w

BcmWv khn-Xmhv BcmWv kmhn{Xn? Kn-p

taLw khn-Xmhpw hnZypv kmhn-{Xn-bp-am-Wv. hnZyppw
kmhn-{Xnbpw At`- Zy-am-Wv. cpw Hcp tbm\nbpw Htc anYp\-hp-am-Wv.

6. Ix khnXm Im kmhn- { Xn. BZnXy Gh

khnXm Zyux kmhn{Xo k b{Xm-Zn-Xy-kvXyux b{X
hmZyu-kvX-Zm-Zn-XykvtX tZz tbm\o XtZIw anYp\w

khn- Xm-hm-cmWv? kmhn{Xn BcmWv? kqcy khn-Xmhpw. kz-temIw kmhn-{Xn-bp-am-W.v cpw tNn-cn-pp. cp-t]cpw Hcp tbmKn-\mWv Hcp anYp-\-hp-am-W.v

7. Ix khnXm Im kmhn-{Xn. N{ Gh khnXm

\-{XmWn kmhn{Xn k b{X N{-kvX---{XnWn
b{X hm \-{XmWn k N{-amkvtX tZztbm\o
XtZIw anYp-\w.

BcmWv khn-Xm-h,v BcmWv kmhn{Xn? a\vkkv khnXmhpw hmWn kmhn-Xn-bp-am-Wv. a\-p-f-fn-Sv hmWnbpw
hmWn- bp-n-Sv a\-p-ap-.v cpw Htc tbm\n-bmWv Htc
anYp-\-am-Wv.

820

I BcmWv khn-Xm-h,v BcmWv kmhn{Xn? ]pcp-js\ khn-Xmshpw kv{Xo kmhn-{Xn-sbpw ]d-bp-p. FhnsS ]pcpj-\ptm AhnsS kv{Xobp-v. FhnsS kv{Xobptm
AhnsS ]pcp-j-\p-ap-v. Ah cp-t]cpw Hcp tbm\n-bmWv. Hcp anYp-\-am-Wv.

10. Xkym Gh {]Yax ]mtZm `qkvXXv khn-XphtcWy anXy- nssh htcWy amt]m htcWyw
N{am htcWyw Xkym Gh ZznXobx ]mtZm `Katbm At]m `qthm `tm tZhky [oalo
Xynssh `q BZntXym ssh `-{- am ssh
`x Xkym Gh XrXobx ]mZx kz[otbm tbm\x
{]tNm-Z-b m-ZnXn kv{Xn ssNh ]pcp- j {]P-\ btXm tbm hm GXmw kmhn-{Xn-tahw thZ k
]p\ arXyp PbXn _em-Xn-_-etbm hncmSv ]pcpjx
Ejnx Kmb{Xo Ox Kmb{Xo tZhXm BIm-tcmIm-c-a-Imcmx _oPmZymx p[m-Zo\n ckt\ hn\ntbmKx oan-XymZn jUw-K-\ymkx [ym\w
AarX Ic-X -em{Ku kh-kw-Po-h-\mVym
hL-l-cW
- k
- p-`u thZ-kmtc abqtJ
{]W-h-a -b-h n-Imcu `mkvI-c m-Im-c-tZMu
kX-X-a\p `th f lw Xu _lm-Xo-_-emu
Hmw {low. _te alm-tZhn {low alm _te
ow NXphn-[-]p-cp-jm#v-X-Yk
- n-n-{]tZ XXv khnXph-c-Zm-otI {low htcWyw `tm-tZ-hiv ]cZm- n- tI, AXn- _ te kh-Z -b m- aqt, _te
k-p-{Z-{`-tam-]-\m-in\n [maln [ntbm tbmt\m
PmtX {]Np-cymtbm {]tNm-Z-bm-Xv, bmZm-ntI {]Wh-in-c-kvIm-n-tI, lpw ^Sv kzmlm Ghw hnZzm
IrX-IrtXym `hXn kmhnXym Gh kmtem IXmw
PbXn CXyp-] -\n-jv
`qx X-hn-Xph-tcWyw BWv kmhn-{Xn-bpsS {]Ya-]mZw An, Pew, N{ Fo tZh-m htc-Wy-am-W.v

kmhn-{Xn-bpsS ZzoXob ]mZw `qh--B-Ip-p. `tm tZhky

[oa-ln--AXv tXtPm-a- b-am-W.v An, kqcy, N{ Fo
tZh-m- cmWv `-tX-P-p- I. kmhn-{Xn- bpsS XrXob ]mZw
[otbm tbm \ {]tNm ZbmXv BWv. Cu kmhn{X tZhnsb
Krl-kvXm-{ i-a-[s kwc-n-p-sImv a\-n-emp kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m ac-W-hn-ap--cm-Ip-p. Ahv
]p\-cm-h-\-an-.
_e, AXn-_e F cp hnZy-I-fp-v. Ah-bpsS Ejn
hncm-Sv]p-cp-j\
- m-W.v Ah-bpsS Opw tZh-Xbpw Kmb{Xn-bm-Ip-p. AXnse AImcw _oPhpw DImcw inbpw
aImcw Ioe-I-hp-am-Ip-p, hni-n \np \nhr-n-mbn-mWv CXns hn\n-tbmKw ow F am[y-a-m
CXns jUw-K-\ymkw sN-Ww. Hmw ow lrZ-bmb \ax
Hmw ow inctk kzmlm, Hmw ow inJmssb hj-Sv, Hmw
ow Ih-Nmb lpw, Hmw ow t\{Xmb huj-Sv, Hmw ow
Akv{Xmb ^Sv--[ym\w

Rm _emXn- _- e-I-sf hnZy-I-fpsS tZh- msc A\p`-hn- p-p. Ah kqcys\ {]Im-i-h-m- p--hcpw {]mWkz-cq-]n-I-fpw, ambq-Jm-h-en tN-hcpw thZ-km-c-kz-cq-]nIfpw ]m]m-]-lm-cn-Ifpw {]W-h-kz-cq-]-lm-cn-Ifpw khhn[ kwPo-hn\n inv Ccn-n-S-fpw Ic-X-e-n
AarXw [cn-p--h-cp-am-Ip-p _emXn _e-If
- psS tZhm-cpsS a{w CXmWv

ow _te alm-tZhn {low alm-_ te ow

NXphn[ ]pcp-jm knn-{]-tZ, khn-Xp hcZm-n-tI, {low htcWyw `tm AXn-_te khZ- b m-a qt, _te kh- p-{- tam-] - \ m-i n-\ n,
[oaln [ntbm \ PmtX {]Np-c bm {]tNm-Z- b mntI {]Wh inc-kvIm-ntI lpw ^Sv kzmlv.
Cs\ Cu hnZy-Isf Adn-bp--h [\y-\m-bn-ocp-p. Ah kmhn-{Xn-tZ-hn-bpsS temIw {]m]n-m
Ignhp t\Spp Fv D]-\n-j-v.
kmhn-{Xyp-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

kotXm-]-\n-jv

imn- ] mTw

Hmw. `{Zw It-`nx {ipWp-bma tZhm-`{Zw

]tiy-am-p-`nb-P {Xmx nssc-cw-ssK-k vXpjvSp

hmw kkvX -\ p- `o hytia tZh-l nXw bZmbpx

kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr {ihmx kzkvXn\x ]qjm

821

I hniz-thZmx kzkvXn \ kvXmtym Acn-jvS-t\anx

kzkvXnt\m _rl-k v]-XnZ-[m-Xp.
tZh-m-s c, R ImXp-I sImp \Xp
tIm-\n- S-h-c-s. Ip-I sImv \Xv ImW-s. kpZrV--fmb AwK--fmepw tZl-mepw \nsf kvXpXnp-sIm-n-cn--s. tZh-m Rv \n-bn-n-p
Bbpp apgp-h\pw R A\p-`-hn--s. alm-Ionam-\mb C{ Rv \ sN-s. A{]-Xn-tcm[
KXn-bmb Kcp-U Rv \ sN-s. _rl-kv]Xn
Rv \ sN-s.

1. tZhm l ssh {]Pm-]X

- na {_qh
Im koXm Inw
cq]m-anXn k tlm hm N {]Pm-]Xnx
km kotX-Xn.
2. aqe-{]-IrXn cq]-XzmXv km koXm {]IrXn
cpNy-tX.
3. koXm CXn {Xnhm-m, kmm
- m-bm-a-bn-`-thXv
hnjvWpx {]] _oPw N ambm
CuImc DNytX
4. kImcx kXy-a-arXw {]m]vXnx
tkma IoytX
XIm-c-kvXmc evaym N sshcmPx
{]kvXcx kvarXx
{]Pm-]-Xn-bmb {_m-hn-t\mSv tZh-m Hcn-
tNmZnp: "koXm-tZ-hn-bpsS cq]w F-s\-bmWv? Ah-
BcmWv? AXv Rv ]dp XcnI?' {_mhp
Cs\ ]dp: koX in kzcq-]n- Wn-bm-Wv. aqe {]IrXn-bm-b- Xn- \m B tZhnsb {]Ir-Xn-sbp ]d-bp- p. {]Wh-ns {]IrXn cq]nWn F \ne-bnepw B tZhnsb
{]Ir-Xn-sbp ]d-bp-p. Ah kmm tbmK-amb
Xs-bm-Wv. koX F \maw aqp h-ap--Xm-Wv.
kq hniz-{]-]
- -ns _nPw `K-hm hnjvWphm-Ip-p. At-l
- ns tbmK-am-b-bpsS cq]w Cu Imcam-Wv. kIm-cs kXyw, knn, N{, {]m]vXn Fnh-bpsS hmN-I-am-W.v ZoLm-Im-c-bp--amb aImcw hnkvXcn-p-Xpw alm-evan cq]-tmSp IqSnbXmsWv ]db-s-n- p-v.

5. Cu Imc-cq-]nWn tkmam-ar-Xm-h-b-hZn-hym-e-m-c-{kMv
aun-Im-Zym-`-cW
- m-ew-IrXm alm-ambm
Ahy cq]nWo hym `h-Xn.
6. {]Yam i_v Z {_- a bo kzmZymb Imte
{]km DZv`m-h\ Ico kmoIm ZzXobm `qXte

lemt{K kap-Xv]m XrXobm CuIm-c-cq-]nWo

Ahy kzcq]m `h-X oXn kotX XypZm-l-cn
iu\-Io-tb.

CuImc cq]n-Wn-bmb Ahy--a-lm-amb Xs AarXm- - Imw-K--fnepw Znhy hn`q-j-W- - fm Aew-Ir-X-bmbn

{]Xy--s-Sp-p. tZhn Xs Hm-as cq]-n i_vZ
{_-ab
- n-bm-Wv. Ah {]k-b
- mbn _pn cq]-n
t_m[w {][m\w sNp-p. tZhn Xs ZznXob cq]-n
`qan-bn {]Xy--s-tm P\-Ic
- m-Pm-hns bmK-`q-anbn lem-{K-n\npw {]Xy--s-p. Ah-cpsS XrXoX-cq]w CuIm-c-a-bhpw Ahy--hp-am-Wv. Cu aqp cq]-fp-sSbpw kwbp cq]-n \nv koX F \maw
Dm-bn-sbv ]d-b-s-Sp-p. C{]-Imcw iu\-Iob X{nepw ]d-n-p-v.

7. {iocma kmn-y-hi
- m-K
- Z- m-[mc ImcnWo
Dev]n nXn kwlmc ImcnWmw
kh-tZ-ln-\mw.
8. koXm `K-hXo tbm aqe-{]-IrXn kwPvRnXm
{]W-h-XzmXv {]Ir-Xn-cnXn hZn {_-hm-Zn\
{iocm-as \nXy-km-n-y-m koX PK-Zm-[m-c-Imcn-Wn-bm-Wv. Ah Xs-bmWv kh-{]m-Wn-I-fp-sSbpw
Dev]-nv tlXp. nXn kwlm-c-Im-cn-Wnbpw Ah
Xs. aqe-{]-Ir-Xn-sbp {]kn--amb `K-h-Xnbpw Ah
Xs. {]W-hk
- z-cq- ]n-Wn-bm-I -bm {_-m-\n-I
Ahsc {]Ir-Xn-sbv ]d-bp-p.

9. AYm tXm {_ Pnmkm CXn.

10. km kh-th-Z-abo kh-tZ-h-abo kh temIabo kh Ion-a bo kh-[-abo khm[mc Imcy-Im-c -W -abn alm eva o. tZth-iky
`nm-` n cq]m tNX\m tNX-\ m- nIm {_
mh-cm-nIm XZvKp-W-I hn`m-K-t`-ZmXv icoc-cq-]m. tZhjn a\pjy Kh cq]m Akp-cc
- mk `qX-t{]X ]nimN `qXmZn `qX-ic
- oc cq]m
`qtX-{n-bm\n {]mW-cq-t]Xn N hnm-btX A\cw {_ Pnm-k.
Ah kh tZh-a-bnbpw kh-th-Zm-n-Ibpw khtem-Im-n-Ibpw kh-Ion-a-bnbpw kh-[m-nIbpw khm-[m-c-Im-cy-Im-c-Wm-n-Ibpw alm-e-van-bp-amWv. tZhn `K-hms `nm-`n--kz-cq-]n-Wnbpw tNX\m tNX\m-n-Ibpw {_-m-]-cm-n-Ibpw XZvKpW I-hn`m-K-t`-Z
- m ico-cm-n-Ibpw tZhjn a\p-jy-K-h
cq]n-Wnbpw Akp-c-cm-k `qX-t{]X ]nim-Nm-Zn-If
- psS
ico-c-`q-XIw kh-Po-hn-I-fp-sSbpw C{n-b-a\ {]mW-cq-]nWn- bp-am-Ip-p.

822

I 11. km tZho {Xnhn[m `h-Xn. kymk t\m

inx {Inbm-inx
kmmXv in-cn-Xn.
12. Cm imnx {Xnhn-[m-`-hXn {io`qan
\oem-nIm
`{Z kzcq-]nWo {]`m-h-cq-]nWo tkma-kq-cymn cq]m`-hX
- n. tkmam-nIm Hmj-[o\mw {]`-hXn Iev]-hr
]pjv]-^e eXm Kpevam-nIm Huj-[-t`-jP
- m-nIm
AarX cq]m tZhm\mw alXv kvtXma ^e {]Zm AartX\ Xr]vXnw P\-bn tZhm-\m-a-t\ ]iq\mw XrtW\
X-o-hm\mw kqcym-Zn-k-Ie `ph\ {]Im-in\n Znhm-Ncm{Xn temIm-\n-ta-j-am-c`y LSn-Im-jvS-bma Znh-k-hmc
cm{Xn t`tZ\ ] amkXz-b\ kwh--ct- `-tZ\ a\pjymWmw iXmbpx Iev]-\bm {]Im-i-am\ Nnc-n{] hy]tZ-ti\ \nta-j-am-c`y ]cm-]-cyw Ime N{Iw PKXv
N{I-an-XymZn {]Im-tcW N{I-hXv ]cn-h-am\mx khssky-X-sskyh Imeky hn`mK hntijmx {]Imi cp]mx
Ime-cq]m `h-n.
B tZhn in-kz-cq-]n-Wn-bmbn Cm-in {Inbmin kmmXv in Fo cq]--fn {]Xy--s-Spp. tZhn-bpsS Cm in-tbmSp IqSnb kzcq]w aqp
hn[-n-ep-v. {iotZ-hn, `qtZhn \oem-tZhn Fo cq]-fn. tZhn awK-f-cq-]nWn {]`mh-cq-]n-Wn, N{, kqcy,
An Fo cq]--fnepw AXyw tXP-kzn-\n-bmbn
{]Xy--s-Sp-p. tZhn N{s cq]-n {]Xy--sp
Hmj-[nIsf ]pjvSn-s-Sp-p-p. IqSmsX tZhn Iev]
hrw, eX, Kpevaw, ]pjv]w, ]{Xw, ^ew Huj[,
alu-j-[-- Fo cq]--fnepw {]Xy--s-Sp-p. N{cq-]
- n tZhn-tZ-h
- mv b-^ew {]Zm\w sNpp. Aw sImv Pohn-I-sfbpw AarXw sImv tZhm-scbpw ]pp-sImv ]ip--sfbpw Xr]vX-bm-p-p.
kqcym-Zn-Ip t]mepw {]Imiw \Ip tZhn kI-etem-Ihpw {]Im-ia
- m-\-am-p-p. tZhn cm{Xn, ]I, \nanjw, \mgn-I, ]w, amkw, EXp, Ab-\w, kwh-cw
Fo t`Z-m a\p-jy\v \qdp hbv {]Zm\w sNbvXpsImv kzbw {]Im-ik
- z-cq-]n-Wn-bmbn hn-p-p.
\nanjw XpSn ]cmw hscbpw hnfw_ io{L-XmZo
t`Z-m ]cn-]q-Ime N{Ihpw Fm AwK-{]-XywK
fpw tZhn-bpsS kzcq]w Xs-bm-Wv. AXp-sImv tZhn
{]Im-ik
- z-cq-]n-Wnbpw Ime- kz-cq-]n-Wn-bp-am-Ip-p.

15. An-cq]m A-]m-\mZn {]mWn\mw

qrjv WmnIm
tZhm\mw apJ cq]m h\u-j-[o\mw
iotXm-jvW -cq]m
ImjvtT-jz- _ln \nXym-\nXy
cq]m-`- hX
- n.

An kzcq-]n-Wn-bmbn Pohn-Iv A ]m\m-Zn-Ifmepw tkhn-p- -Xn\v hni- n-sbpw Zml-n-sbpw cq]nepw tZh-mv apJy cq]-nepw hr-e-Xm-Zn-Iv
iotXmjvW cq]-nepw hr-ns Dnepw ]pdpw
\nXym-\n-Xym-cq-]-nepw nXn sNp-p.

16. {iotZhn {Xnhn[w cq]w IrXzm `K-h Xv kev]m\p KptWy\ temI-c

- -Wmw cq]w [mcb-Xn. {incnXn evao-cnXn ey-amWm `h-XoXn
hnm-b-tX.
17. `qtZho kkm-K-cmw`x k]vXZ- zo]m hkp-cm
`qcmZn NXpZi `qh-\ m-\m-a m-[m-c -`qXm {]Whm
nIw `h-Xn.
18. \oem N apJ hnZyp-X-m-en\o khu j[o\mw
kh-{]m-Wn\mw t]mj-Wmw kh cq]m-`-h-Xn.
19. kakvX `ph-\-kymt[m `mtK Pem-Im-cm-nIm
aWvUq-I-a-tbXn `ph-\m-[m-tcXn hnm-bt- X.
20. {Inbm-in kzcq]w ltcap-Jm-mZx XmZmZv _npx _ntm-tcmw-Imcx HmmcmXv ]c-tam-cma
sshJm-\k ]hXx XXv ]htX I-m\
abo-`n _lp-imJm `h-n.
{iotZhn cq]-n aqp-hn-[-n cq]w [cn-p
koXm-tZhn kh-temIfpw kwc-n-p-X
- n\v {]Xy-s-Sp-p. B L-n tZhn-bpsS kzcq]w evanbpsS cq]-n-emWv ImW-s-Sp-I. kap-{Z-, k]vX-Zzo-]mI ]rYzn-bpsS cq]-n ]Xn-mep temI-n\pw
B{i-b-`q-X-bmbn {]W-hc
- q-]
- n tZhn {]Xy--s-Spp. tZho-kz-cq-]-n\v `qtZhn Fv ]d-bp-p. hrmZnIfpsSbpw Pohn-If
- p-sSbpw t]mj-W-n\v kh-kz-cq]n-Wnbpw hnZyp-m-bm-ap-Jn-bp-amb \oem-tZ-hn-bpsS cq]n tZhn {]Xy--s-Sp-p. B BZn-in Xs
kIe`ph-\--fp-sSbpw ASn-bn Pe-cq-]
- n `ph-\v B{i-b-ambn hn-p-p. `K-hm hnjvWphns apJ-p-\npw koX-bpsS B {Inbm-i
- n-cq]w
\m\m-cq-]
- n {]I-S-am-bn. B \mZ-n\nv _nphpw
_np-hn\nv Hmwm-chpw Dm-bn. Hmm-c-n-\p-a-pdv cma-\m-Ip sshJm-\k ]h-X-ap-v. AXn\v Isbpw m\-sbpw kw_-n ]e imJ- Ifpw Dv.

21. X{X {ibo-abw imkv{X-amZyw khm

XY Zi\w
EKv bpx kma-cq-]X
- zmXv {XboXn
]cn IonXm
22. tlXp\m Imcy-kn-t\ NXpm
]cn-IonXm
EtNm bpw jn kmam\yYhmw
Knc-k-kv XYm

823

I 23. NmXptlm{X {][m\ XzmXv enwKmZn

{XnXbw {Xbo.
AYhmw Knckw cq]w kma EKv
bq- cm- Iw
24. XYm Zni-ym-`n-Nmc kmam-t\y\ ]rYIv ]rYIv
GI-hn-izXn imJm-bm-ar-tKzZx ]nc-IonXx
25. iXw N \h-im-Jmkp b pjm tah P\m
kmav\x kl-{k-imJm kypx ]-imJm
AYhWx
26. sshJm-\k aX-kvXk
- van-mZu
{]Xy Zi\w
kvacytX ap\n-`n \nXyw sshJm-\k
aXx ]cw.
27. Ievt]m hymI-cWw inm \ncpw
tPymXnjw O GXm-\nj UwKm-\n.
28. D]mw-Ka
- -b\w ssNh aoamw km \ymb hnkvXmcx
[ tkhn-Xmw N thZ thtZm
[nIw XYm
29. \n_mx kh imJm N kabm
Nmc kwK-Xn.
[ imkv{Xw aljoWm ax-I-cW
kw`rXw
30. CXn-lmk ]pcm-WmJy ap]mwKw N
{]IonXw
hmkvXp-thtZm [\pthtZm Kh
XYm apt\
Bbpth-Z ]sstX D]-thZmx
{]IonXmx
31. ZWvtUm \nXn hmm N hnZym hmbp
Pbx ]cx
GI-hnw-iXn t`tZmbw kz {]Imix
{]IonXx

Xs kvacn- p-p. m\n-I thZ--tfm-sSmw Iev]w,

hymI-cW
- w, in, \ncp-w, tPymXn-jw, O-v Fo
Bdp thZmw-K-fpw \ymbw, aoamw-k, imkv{X-hn-kvXmcw
Fo aqv D]mw-K
- fpw ]Tn-p-p. ]pcm-tW-Xn-lm-k hmkvXp-th-Zw, [\pth-Zw, Kmh-thZw Fo
Ap D]-t hZfp-ap- v. Ch-t bm-s Smw hym]m-c w,
ZWvUw, \oXn, ]c-XX
- z-nXn apX-em-b-hbpw kz{]-Imin-X--fmb ikv{X--fm-Ip-p.

32. sshJm-\k Etjx ]qw hnjvtWm hmWo

kapZv `thXv
{Xbo cqt]W kev]y Cw tZlo
hnPrw-`tX
33. kwJym cqt]W kev]y sshJm\k
Etjx ]pcm
DZntXm bmZrix ]qhw XmZriw irWp
taJnew
iizZv {_-abw cq]w {Inbm-in
cp{Zm-l rXw
BZy-L--n sshJm-\-k-Ej
- n-bpsS lrZ-b-n
`K-hm hnjvWp-hns hmWn {]I-S-am-bn. AtX hmWn
Xs thZ-{Xb cq]-n k-ev]n-s
- -p. sshJm-k\ B hmWnsb kwJym-cq-]
- n {_m--Ic
- q]w
Xs {_m-I cq]w [cn-p {Inbm in Xs
`K-hms kmm in-sbv hy-amn sImSp-p.

34. kmmXv i`-Kh

- Xx kvacW am{Xm-cq]m
Bhn `mh {]mZp `mhm-nIm \n{K-lm-\p-{Kl
cq]m imn tXtPm-cq]m hym-hy Imc-W-NcW ka-{Km-h-bh apJ-h t`Zm t_Z cq]m `KhXv kl-N m-co-W y-\-] m-bn-\y-\-h -c X klm-{i-bnWyp-Z nXm \pZnXm Imcm \nta-tjm-tj krjvSn
nXn kwlmc Xntcm-[m-\m-\p-{K-lmZn kh-in
kmaymXv kmmXv in-coXn KnbtX
Ah {]]--ns cq]-sf {]I-S-am-n-smv
`K-hms C-sImv am{Xw Cu Zriy- {]-]--n kzbw
hy-am-Ip-p. Ah \n{Km-\p-{Kl cq]n-Wnbpw imntXtPm cq]n-Wnbpw hym-hy--Im-c-W-`q-Xbpw `K-hms
kl-Nm-cn-Wnbpw At-l-n \npw A`nbpw {]`phns\ kam-{i-bn-p-hfpw hmNyhpw Ahm-Ny-hp-amb cq]tm-Sp-IqSnbhfpw \nta-tjm-t-j-, DXv]-n, nXn
hn\m-iw, Xntcm-[m\w A\p-{Klw Fn-hbvv Ign-hp-hepw Ahn-\m-in-\n-bm-b-Xn-\m kmm in-sbv
]d-b-s-Sp--hfpw BWv.

AXn khm-fpw hy-am-p thZ-{Xbn

F BZn-imkv{Xw `hn-p-p. thZ-{Xbn EIv, bPp-v,
kmaw Ch-bm-Wv. AXv \mep \maw tN-Xmbn bI-m tZh-kz-cq]w hy-am-p aqp thZ-
am{Xta {][m-\-ambn ]cn-KW
- n--s-Sp-p-q. \mem-a-tXmb AYhmw-Kn-ckv BZys aqp thZ--f psS
kzcq]w Xs-bm-Wv. EtKz-Z-n\v Ccp-]n Hpw bPp
th-Z-n\v \qn H]Xpw kma-t h-Z -n\v Bbn-chpw 35. Cm-in {Xnhn[m {]P-bm-h
mbmw hn{i-aAYh-th-Z-n\v Apw imJ-I-fp-sv ]d-bs-Sp-p. Wmw `K-htXm Zn-W-h
- -te {iohm
Ch-bn sshJm-\-k- aXw Xs- bmWv {]Xy- -Zi-\-ambn IrXn `qXzm hn{im-ay-XoXn km tbmK inx
]cn-K-Wn- n-p--X v. AXn-\m ap\n-am sshJm-\ kw

824

koX-bpsS Cm-k-nsb kw_-n-p cq]w

aqp hn[-am-Wv. B tbmK-in Xs-bmWv {]f-b-Imev hn{i-amw `K-hms amhn-S-n he-p-`mKv {ioh--ns BIr-Xn-bn hn{i-an-p--Xv.

36. t`mK in t`mK-cq]m Iev] hr

Imat[\p Nnm-aWn iwJ ] \n[ymZn
\h-\n[n kam-{inXm `K-h-Zp-]m-kI
- m\mw
Ima-\bm `n-bpm \cw \nXy ss\an
nI I `ncn tlm{Xm-Zn-`nhm
ba-\n-b-am-k\ {]mWm-bma {]Xym-lmc [ym
\ [mcWm kam-[n-`n hme-a-\ `n
tKm]p-c-{]m-Im-cmZn `nhn-am-\mZn `nx kl
`K-h-Zzn-{l-Kmm ]qtPm ]I-cssW c
ss\x kv\m\m-Zn-`nhm ]nXr ]qPm-Zn`n
c ]m\m-Zn-`n hm `K-hXv {]oXy
apzm khw {Inb-tX.
koXm-tZhn Xs-bmWv t`mK-cq-]n-Wo-i-n. Ah
Iev] hrmZn \h-\n-[n-If
- n \nh-kn-p-p. tZhn `KhZv `-m-cpsS Cm-\n--b-\p-k-cnv \nXy-ss\-an-nI
I-n bm-Zn-I- baw, \nb-aw, Bk-\w,
{]mWm-bm-aw, {]Xym-lm-cw, [ym\w, [mc-W, kam[n Fn
h aptJ\ D]m-kn-p-h
- v D]t`mKn\p thn hn`n-t`mKsf \Ipp. tZhn Xs-bmav `K-hZv hn{Kl
]qP-bvm-bp kma-{Kn-Ifpw Xo-P-ehpw Ahpw
ckhpw Iev]nv \Ip--Xv.

37. AYmtXm hoc-i

- n--X `pPm A`b hc-Z]
- -[cm Inco-Sm-`-c-W-bpXm kh-tZsshx ]cn-hrXm
Iev]-X-cp-aqte NXp`nKssPx cXv\ LssS carX
Psse-c-`n-jn- -am\m kh-tZ-hs
- sX {_m-Z n-`n
hy-am\m AWn-am-ZyjvssSizcy bqXm kwaptJ

Ima- t [- \ p\m kv X qb- a m\m thZ- i m- k v { Xm- Z n`nx

kvX pb-a m\m Pbm-X y-] vk cx kv {Xo`nx ]cn- N cy
amWm BZnXy tkmam`ymw Zo]m`ymw {]Im-iy-am\m
Xpw_pcp \mc- Z mZn`nKo- b - a m\m cmIm- k n\o
hmeo`ymw Ot{X-W-m-Zn\o ambm`ymw Nma-tcW
kzmlm-kzm-[m`ymw hyP-t\\ `rKp-] pWym Zn`n-cZy-am\m tZho Znhy-knw-lm-kt\ ]Zvam-k-\m-cqV, kI-e -I m- c W Imcy- I co ev a o tZhky
]rYIv `h\ Iev]\m Aew-N-Im-c
ncm {]k-tem-N -\, kh-tZ-hssXx ]qPy-a m\m hoc-e-va ocnXn hnm-bX CXyp-]\
- n-j-v.

NXp`pPtfmSp IqSn-b-XmWv koXm-tZ-hn-b psS

hocin-cq-]w. tZhn-bpsS ssII-fn hc-Z-ap{Z A`-b-ap{Z, cp Xma-c, Fnh tim`np-p. tZhn-In-co-S-mepw
av B`-cW
-
- -fmepw kam-ew-Ir-Xb
- m-W.v \mev shfp
B\-I, cXv\J
- -Nn-X-amb Ie-i
- -fnIqSn Aar-X-Pew
sImv tZhnsb A`n-tjIw sNp-p. tkh-I-m Nppw
\nevp-p. {_mhv XpS-nb tZh-m tZhnsb kvXpXnp- p. AWn-am- Zn- I-fmb AjvssS- iz- cy- - fm k--bmb
evan-kz-cq-]n-Wn-bmb koXm-tZ-hnsb Ima-t[\p hn-pp. thZ imkv{Xm-Zn-I tZh-m-cpsS cq]w ]qv tZhnsb
hn-p-p. PbmZn tZhmw-K\
- a
- m ]cn-Nc
- n-p-p. cmI
Fpw kn\o-hmen Fpw t]cp cp tZhn-am IpS]n-Sn-p-p. mZn-\nbpw ambbpw shNm-acw hoip-p.
kzmlbpw kz[bpw hni-dn-sImp hoip-p. {`Kp XpSnb alm-m- ]qP sNp-p. kqcy N{-m Zo]cq-]-n {]Imiw hnX-dp-p. Xpw_p \mc-Zm-Zn-I tZhnbpsS KpW Io\w \S-p-p. tZhn Znhy knwlm-k\--amb AjvS-Zf Ia-e-n hncm-Pn-p-p. B tZhn
Xs-bmWv kIe Imcy Imc-W
- -fpsS hn[m-{Xn. tZhn
Znhym-`c
- W hn`q-jn-X-bmWv. tZh-m-cm ]qPn-X-bmbn
{]k t\{X-bmbn nXn-sN-p hoc-evan XsbmWv koXm-tZhn. tZhnsb `n]qw [ym\n-p-I.
kotXm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

kqtcym-]-\n-jv

imn]mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx irWpbma tZh `{Zw ]tiy
am`nbP{Xmx nsscwssK kvXpjv Sphmwk

kvX\q`nhytia tZhlnXw bZm bpx kzkvXn \

Ct{m hr {ihmx kzkvXn \x ]pjm hniz thZm
kzkvXn \ kvXmtym AcnjvSt\anx kzkvXn t\m
_ylkv]XnZ[mXp Hmw imnx imnx imnx

825

]qP\obcmb tZhmsc, R sNhnIfm awKfw

tIpamdmIs. kpZrifmb AwKfmepw tZl
mepw \nsf kvXpXnp sImv tZhm Rp
\nbnnpff Bbpp apgph A\p`hnm\nShcs.
alm Ionam\mb C{ Rv awKfacpfs.
khhpadnbp ]pjmhv Rv awKfw \Is.
_ylkv] Xn awKfacpfs. Hmw imnx imnx imnx

lcn Hmw AYkqcywKnkw hymJymkymax

{_m Ejn Kmb{Xo Ox BZntXymtZhIm
lwkx tkmf lan\mcmbWbpw _oPw
lrtJminx hnbZmZn kkwbpw IoeIw
NXphn[]pcpjm knyt hn\ntbmKx
jSvkzcmcqtV\ _otP\ jUwKw cmw _pP
kwnXw k]vXmizcYn\w lncWyhw NXp
`pPw]Zzbm`bhcZlkvX w ImeN{I {]tW
Xmcw {io kqcy \mcmbWw b Ghw thZ k ssh
{_mWx Hmw `p`phkx Hmw XXv khnXphtcWyw `tm tZhky [oaln [ntbm tbm\
{]tNmZbmX v k qcy B m PKXm pj
kqcymssZz Jeznam\n `qXm\n Pmbt kqcym
Zyx ]Pt\ym Aamm \akvX BZnXy
Xztah {]Xyw {_mkn Xz tah {]Xyw
hnjv W p ckn Xztah {]Xyw cpt{Zmf kn
Xztah arKkn. Xztah {]Xyw bpckn.
Xztah {]Xyw kamkn. Xztah {]XyaY
hmkn. Xztah khw Otm f kn. BZnXymZzm
bp PmbtX. BZnXymZv `qan PmbtX. BZnXymZm
t]m Pmbt. BZnXymXv tPymXn PmbtX.
BZnXymXv thyma Zntim Pmbt. BZnXym tZhm
Pmbt. BZnXym tZzZm Pmbt. BZntXym hm
Gj GXWvUew X]Xn AkmhmZntXym {_
BZntXymx IcW at\m _pn Nnmlmcmx
B Z ntXy m ss hhym\x k am\m]mt\ mZmt\m
{]mWxBZntXym ssht{im{XXzIv Npk\m
{LmWmx BZntXym sshhmIv] mWn]mZ ]mbp
]mx BZntXym sshi_vZ kv] i cq]ckK
mx BZntXym sshhN\m Zm\Ka\ hnm
\mx B\atbm m\atbm hnm\ambx
BZnXyx
A\cw kqcys\ kw_n AYhthZob a{ hymJym\nmw. Cu a{ns Ejn {_mhmIpp. Ov Kmb{Xn tZhX kqcy\pw ""lwk tkm f
lw An \mcmbWbpamWv _oPw. lytJ in.
hnbZmZn kwk kwbpw IoeIw. CXns hn\ntbmKw \mephn[nepff ]pcpjmn\mWv. Bdp
kzcfn {]XnjvTXamb _oPtmsSmw jUwKcIaen nX\pw Ggp Aizsf sInb
cYn A[ncqV\pw lncWyh\pw \mep`pP-

fn Iaew hcap{ZmIamb ImeN{Ins hn[mbXzw

Cu \nebn kqcytZhs\ Adnbph XsbmWv
{_mW. kqcy \mcmW {]Whns A`qXamb NnXv kXv B\ab\mWv. `qx `phx kx cq]n
ss{XtemIymI\mWv. hnizcNbnXmhmb Atlns tXPns\ R [ym\npp B `Khm
RfpsS _pnsb th hn[n t{]cnns.
kqcy kqmhc PwKafpsS BmhmIpp.
Atln \nmWv Cu `qXsfmw DmbnpffXv
.Atln \np Xs b taLw Bmhv
Fm Bhn`pXambn. Atbm BZnXym,R
Asb \akvI cnpp. Ap Xs Ihpw
Imhpw ApXs {_mmhpw hnjv W phpw.
ApXs cp{Z, E, bpv , kmaw, AYhw
CsXms Ap Xs. Av kq O cq]\mWv.
BZnXy\n \npw XsbmWv hmbp, `pan, Pew,
tPymXnv, BImiw, ZnpI Fmw DmbnpffXv.
Atln \nmWv tZhm DhnXv. thZfpsS
D e v ] nb p w A t l n \ n p X s . C u
{_mWvUs BZnXy\mWv. X]nnpXv. BZnXy
XsbmWv {_w. AxIcW cq]hpw Atlw Xs.
]{]mWfpsS cq]n {]XnjvTXambncnpXpw
kqcy Xs. ]t{nbfpsS cq]n Imcy
sNpXpw B tZh Xs. m\hnm\bp\pw
B\ab\pw Cu BZnXy\mIpp.

\tam an{Xmb `m\thartX ym am ]ml n.

{`mPnjvWth hniz tlXth \ax kqcymXv `hn
`qXm\n kqtcyW ]menXm\ Xp kqtcyebw
{]]v\ phn bx kqcym tkmltah N Np
[mct\m tZhx khnXm Npt\m tZhx khnXm
Np\ DX ]hXx Np[mXm Z[mXp\x
BZnXymb hnZva tl kl{k IncWmb [oaln
Xx kqcyx {]tNmZbmXv khnXm ]mmXv
k hnX m ] p c kvX mX v kh ntX m cm mX v
khnXm [cmXv khnXm \x kphXp khXm
Xncw khnXm t\m cmkXmw ZoL ambpx HmantXy
Imcw {_ LrWncnXn tZzAtc kqcy
CXyc Zzbw BZnXy CXn {XoWycmWn
GXsskhy kqcyky Ajv Smtcm a\px bx
kZmlc lP]Xn k ssh {_mtWm`hXn k
ssh {_mtWm `hXn kqcym`naptJmP]vX zm
alm hym[n`bmXv {]apNytX Aevao \iyXn
A`y `WmXv ]qtXm `hXn AKaymKa\mXv
]qtXm `hXn ]XnX kw`mjWmXv ]qtXm `hXn
AkXv kw`mjWmXv ]qtXm `hXn a[ymt
kqcym`napJx ]tTXv ktZymXv] ]alm]mX
ImXv {]apNytX ssk jmw kmhn{Xow hnZym \
InnZ]n \ IkvssaNnXv {]iwktbXv b GXmw

826

I alm`mKx {]mXx ]TXn k `mKyhm PmbtX

]iq hncptX thZm m e`tX {XnIme
taXXv P]vX zm {IXpiX^eahm]vt\mXn tbm
lkvX m ZntXy P]Xn k alm arXypw XcXn k
almarXypw XcXn b Ghw thZ CXn kqtcym
]\njXv
an{X tZh\v \akvI mcw. kqcy `Khm\v \akvImcw.
`Khms\, acWn \nv Fs cnpI. hniz
n\v ImcW`qX\pw tXPkznbpamb kqcy\v \akvImcw.
kqcy\n \nmWv Cu kIe NcmNc {]mWnIfpsSbpw
Dev]n DmbnpffXv. Ahsbsbmw kwcnpXpw kqcy XsbmWv.Ahkm\w kIePohnIfpw
Atln eo\\mbn `hnpp. B kqcy Rm
XsbmWv. khnXmhmb tZh \psS ImWv. kIe
Xns\bpw [mcWw sNp kqcy \psS t\{Xv
Zi\ in \Ipp. kl{k civanbmb `mkvIcs\
R [ym\npp. kqcytZh Rv t{]cW

\Is ]pdInepw apnepw sXpw hSpsamw

kqcytZh XsbmWv. B khnXm tZh Rp
thn kIeXpw Dev]ams. Atlw Rv
ZoLmbpv \Is. Hmw cq]nepff GImca{w
{_amIpp. "LrWn kqcy cpw ccapff
a{fmWv. BZnXy FXn aqv Ac Dv.
CsXmw tNv kqcy\mcmbWs AjvSmc a{w
Dmbncnpp. Cu a{w Fpw P]nph
{_b\mbnocpp. kqcy\v A`napJambn \nv
tamN\w e`npp. Zmcn{Zhpw ]m]hpw AIepp. ]
alm]m]hpw \inpw Cu kmhn{Xo hnZysbn
BcpsS apnepw {]iwkncpXv. GsXmcm {]`mX
nCXv P]npp. Ah `mKyhm\mIp. arK
e`nm\nSbmIpw. thZm m\apmIpw. kqcy
Aw \{Xn \np Zphkw CXp P]n
alm arXyphns\ XWw sNpp.
kqtcym]\njXv kam]np.

ku`m-Ky-evao D]-\n-jv 3

imn- ] mTw

Hmw JWvUw

Hmw. hmMv ta a\kn {]Xn-jvTnXm at\m ta

hmNn {]Xn-jvTnX amhn-c m-hn a G[n thZ-kya
BWo x {ipXw ta am {]lmko At\ \m[otX\m tlm cm{XmXv kwZ-[man EXw hZn-jyman
kXyw hZn-jyman Xm-a-hX
- v. XZz-m-ca
- -hXp AhXp-amw. Ah-Xp-h-m-ca
- -hXp hm-cw. Hmw. imnx
imnx imnx

1. AY `K-hw tZhmN DuNpx tl `K-h \x

IYb ku`mKy evao hnZymw

Fs hmv a\-n nc-am-bn-cn--s. Fs a\v

hmn {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-s
- . kzbw {]Im-im-mthm
Av Fs apn {]Xy--am-I-tW. Atbm at\m-hmp- I-sf, \n Fs thZ-m-\-n- \m-[m-c-am-W.v AXpsImv Fs thZm-[ym-b-\s \in-n--cp-Xv. thZm-[y-b\-n Xs Rm cmhpw ]Iepw Nne-hg- n-p-p. am\kn- I- ambpw hmNn- I- ambpw Rm kXyw ]dbpw Fs cn-s. hm-hns\ cn--s. Fs cn--s. hmmhns\ cn--s. Hmw. imnx imnx imnx

2. XtYXn Athm-N Xv `K-h m BZn-\ m-cm-bWx

kh- t Zhmx bqbw kmh- [ m- \ - a - \ tkm `qXzm
irWpXw Xpcob cp]mw Xpco-bm-XoXmw kthmXvISmw kh-a{m k\-KXmw ]otTm ]oT tZhXm
]cn-hrXmw NXp`pPmw {inbw lnc-W y-hmw
CXn. ] Zi EKv `n [ymtb-Xv.
tZh-m `K-hm-\mb BZn \mcm-b-W-t\mSv ]dp:
""`K-hm-t\, Rv ku`mKy evao hnZy D]-tZ-in-pX-m-epw. `K-hm ]dp: ""As\ Xs. tZh-msc, \n Fm-hcpw GIm-{K-Nn--cmbn tIp-hn
qew, kqvaw, ImcWw Fo aqv Ah--Ipw
D]-cn-bmbn Xpco-bm-h
bvpw AXm-b-Xv, AXn\pw D]cn-bmbn \nKp-Whpw im-hp-amb cq]-tmSp IqSn-b-hfpw
kh-a-{m-ku-bpw ]oT--fnepw D]-]o-T--fnepw hnco-

827

I Pn-p-h- fpw tZh-m-cm ]cn-tk-hn-Xbpw \mep `pP

tfmSp IqSn-b-h-fp-amb evao-tZ-hnsb ]Xn-\-p Ep-Isf-smv [ym\n--Ww.

3. AY ]-Zi EKm-I
- ky {io kv{XWvU-kym\-I
- a Nno-tX-n-cm-kpXm Ej-bx-{iocn jymZym
EN N Xp Z im\ mw EN mw B \ w Ej bw
lncWyhm-Z ymXv b{X bkym \jvSp]v Ox
Imwtkm Akva oXy ky _rlXo Ox XZ-\ytbm Zztbm kv{XojvS ]v ]p\-c-jvSI kym\p-jvT]-ti- j ky {]kv X mc ]wnx {Xyn tZhXm
lncWy hm- a nXn _oPw Imwtkm kva oXn
inx lnc- bm N{- c - P X {kPm lncWym
l nc W y h t - X n- { ] - W - h mZ n \ tams s
Xpy sscw-K\
- ymkx AY h{ {Xssbcw-K -\ ymk akvX -I -tem- N -\ m- {ipX {LmW- h - Z \
IWvT-_m-lp-Zzb lrZ-b-\m`n Kply ]mbq-cp-Pm-\pPw-tLjp {io kqss-t- ch {Ia tim \ytk-Xv.

ENm XZv _ln`yx ip NncnXn amXr-Ibm b {iobw

b{mwK ZiIw N hnenJy {inb-am-hm-l-tb-Xv.

6. AwssKx {]Yam hrXnx ]Zvam-Zn-`n ZznXo-bm-temtI-ssi-kvXr-Xo-bm. XZm bmssZ kvXpcobm hrXn

`hXn {iokp-ss-cm-hm-l-\mZn tjm Ui-k-l-{kP]x
7. ku`m-Ky-c -ssa-I m- cym `rKp-\n-N rZv Kmb{Xn
{inb Ejym-Zbx ianXn _oP-inx {ioan-X ym-Z nj-UwKw
8. `qbm-Zv`qtbm Zzn]-Zvam-`b hc-ZI
- cm X]vX-Im
kzcm`mw ip{_m-{`m-t`` bp Zzb-I -c-[rX Ip`mZv`n-c m-kn-Ny-am\m cXv\u Lm _-au-en hnae
Xc-Zp-Iq-em-hm-te-]\
- m-Vym, ]Zvamo ]Zva-\mt`m-ck
- n-Ir-Xh
- k
- Xnx ]ZvaKm {inx {inssbx\x

]oT-In-I-bpsS Dn kmy-Im-c-Ia
- mb _oPw
Fgp- Xn-b-Xn-\p- tijw ZzmZi Iaew AjvS-Zfw Fn-h-tbmSp
]Xn-\p Ep-I-fp-sSbpw Ejn-am Cn-c, B\w, IqSnb Xma-c-I-fn `qhr-X-aty {iokq--ns ]IpXn
- r---fn ^eI-a, Nnn-X Fn-h-cmWv BZy-a-{-ns Ejn Ep-I Fgp-Xp-I. ]noSv \n`q-Xh
{ipXn
cq]
ne
p
EpI

FgpXn
tjmU-im-c-aty
Cn-cbpw tij-ap--hb
- psS Ejn-am ]p{X-\vam-cp-am-Wv.
BZys aqp a{--fpsS Op A\p-jvSp]pw \mem- apI-fn AImcw apX kImcw hsc amXrIm h- w. Ghpw apI-fn \n`q-Xh
- r--n
a--Xns _rl-Xnbpw Am-a--Xn-sbpw Bdm-a-t- Fgp-XW
hjUv
k
a
mb
XzcnX
F
_oPm
c
-tm-Sp-IqSn
Xn-sbpw {XnjvSppw Ggm-a-t-Xp-ap-X ]Xn-m-em-atXp hsc-bp-Xv A\p-jvSppw {]kvXm-c-]w-n-bp-am- {io_o-Ps teJ\w sN-Ww. Cs\ ]v AwK- w. AwK-a-{- sImv
Ip-p. tZhX {iobpw Anbpw _oPw lnc-Wy-hhpw fp {ioN{Iw \nn-W
{]Ya
mh
c
W
]
qP
\S
pI
.
]Zva\
- n-[n-If
- m cm-aXpw
in ImtUm-kvanbpw BIp-p. lnc-Wvay-bo, N{, cPBhc
W
]
qP
thWa
w.
temI]
me
I

m
aptJ\ XrXoX-{k-P, lncWy {kP, lnc-Wy, lncWy h Fo
\ma-sf NXpo hn`-n-bn shv Hmw Imc-n bm-h-cW ]qPbpw h{PmZn Bbp-[- aptJ\ NXpm- p-k-cnv \nh-ln-p-I. {iokq-\np-am-cw-`nv HSp-hn \ax Fp-c
- nv \ykn--Ww. h-cW ]qPbpw {Ia-a\
ns
EpI
f
m
Bhm-l\
- mZn Imcy- sNp-I.
]ns h{- {Xbw sImp inc- v, t\{Xw, t{im{Xw, \mkn- mw ]Xn-\m-bncw a{- P]n-I, apJw, IWvTw, _mlp-Zz-bw, lrZ-bw, \m`n, Kplyw, ]ns ]pc--cW
hmbp, Ducp, P\p, PwL Fn-h-bn {iokqw sImp W-sa-mWv \nt-iw. GIm--c-amb ku`m-Ky-evao
Xs bYm-{Iaw \ykn--Ww. ]oSv {ikq--a-{-m a{-ns Ejn-`r-Kphpw Ov \oNrZv Kmb-{Xnbpw
AwK-\ymkw sNp-I. Xmsg ]d-bp a{-m [ym\n- tZhX {iobpw BWv. _Pw {ioap-tJ-\bpw AwK-\ymkw
{imw Fn-hh aptJ-\bpw sNmw. cp ssII-fnepw
p-I.
Xma-cbpw av Ic-bp-K
- n hc-Zm-`-b-ap-{Z-Ifpw [cn-n-cnAcp-W-Ia
- e kwm-X-{ZPm ]pjv] hmx
p- - h fpw kz- k - a m- \ - a mb ico- c - I m- n- t bmSp
Ic-Ia
- e [rtX jv{Sm`nXn bpmw _pPmN
IqSnbhfpw taL-k-a-{]-`bpw cv B\-I-fpsS Xpn--caWn ISI hnNn-{Xm-ew-I rXm Iev] Pmssex -fm Ia-e-P-e-m A`n-jn-bpw Acp-W-cXv\ JNnX-amb IncoSw [cn--hfpw EXp-n-W-nb AwK-cmKw
kIe `ph-\-amXm kXw {iox {io ssb\x
]qin-b-hfpw `qh-kv{XmW ]cm-b-Wbpw Ia-tem-N\
- bpw
Acp-W-I-ae
- -n hncm-Pn-p--hfpw Ia-e]
- -cm-K-Xp{io]--\m-`s h-n hkn-p--hfpw Ia-em-k-\ey-amb ]oX-hw tN-hfpw hc-Zm-`b ap{Zm-bp-bpw
bp-amb {iotZhn \apv ]c-aa
- mb sFizcyw \Ip-am-dmcp ssII-fnepw Xma-c
- qhv [cn-h
- fpw aWn-a-b-h-eb
- I-s.
-fm ka-ew-Ir-Xbpw kh-tem-I-am-Xm-hp-amb {ioa-lmevan \nc-cw Rsf sFizcy k-c
- m--s.
9. XXv ]oTw AjvS-]{Xw hr {Xbw ZzmZ-ic
- min

5. XXv ]oT In-I mbmw kkm[yw {io_o-P w.

hkzm-ZnXp Iem-]-Zvtajp {iokq KXmm[-

JWvUw NXp-c{iw cam-]oTw `hXn. In-Imbmw

kk[yw {io_nPw hn`q-Xn-cp-Xnx Imnx krjvSnx

828

I Ionx k-Xn hypjvSnx kXvIrjnx Enx CXn

{]W-h mZn \tam-s s-i y-X py ss \h-i nc btP-Xv. AwtK ]rY-am-hr-XnO hmkp-tZhm
Zn`n ZzXobm _me-Iym-Zn`n kvXrXobm C{m `n`n
o `hXn ZzmZi ex P]
aqp hr-tmSp IqSnb cam-]o-T-b{w AS-bm-fs-Sp--Ww. AjvS-Z-f-In-I-bn km[y klnXw _oPsa-gp-Xp-I. BZyw apX HmwIm-chpw HSp-hn \ax F
tbmK-k-lnXw Hmtcm \ma-n-sbpw NXpo hn`n
{]tbm-K-m \h-i-n-Isf ]qPn--Ww. hnZyp-Xn, DXn, Imn, krjvSn, Ion, k-Xn, hypjvSn, kXvIrjvSn, En Fn-hb
- mWv \h-i-n-I. AwK-\ymkw
sImv BZy-ambn Bh-cW
- ]
- qP sNpI. ]ns hmkptZ-h, kj-W, {]Zyp-av\, A\n-cp- Fn-hsc
{Ia-a\
- p-k-cnv ]qPn-W
- w. Cs\ ZzXo-bm-hc
- W ]qP
sNp-I. _meIn XpS-n-b-h-scbpw ]qPn-p-sImv XrXobm-h-ca ]qPbpw thWw. C{m-Zn-tZ-h
- m-scbpw Ah-cpsS
Bbp-[
- aptJ\ NXpm-h-cW ]qP thWw. ]qc-c-Wmw ]{p ew a{w P]n-W
- w.

11. {ioe-vao hcZm hnjvWp-]n hkp-{]-Zm-lncWy cq]m kz-am-en\o cP-X-{kPm kz-{]`m

kz-{]m-Imcm ]-hm-kn\o ]-lkvXm ]Zva{]nbm apm-e-M-AI
- mcm N\-{Z-kqcym hnevt{]-bm,
Cuizco `pn apn hn`q-Xn En. karnx
IrjvSnx ]pjvSn [\Zm [t\-izco {im t_mKn\o
t`mKZm kmhn{Xn [m{Xn hn[m-{Xn, CXymZn {]WhmZn \tam- -Xpym a{mx GIm-c
hZw-KmZn ]oTw X-Ww. Zimwiw ]mh\w ZznPXr]vX nx \njvI m-am\m tah {iohnZym knnx \
IZm]n Imam-\m-an-Xn.

cmw JWvUw

1. AY ssl\w tZhmx DuNpx Xpco-bbm ambbm

\nnjvSw XXzw {_plnXnx XtYXn ktlm-hm-N.
]noSv tZh-m ]dp: Xpco-b-am-b-bm \nn-jvTamb XXzs kw_-nv Rv ]d-p-X-m-epw.

1. tbmtK\ tbm mXthym tbmtKm tbm KmXv{]h[-tX. tbm {]akvXkvXp tbmtK\ k tbmKo
catX Nncw
2. kam-]Ny \n{Zmw kpPot ev]t`mPo
{ia-XymPy _mt[ hnhnt {]tZti
kZm-koX \nivXrjvW Gj {]bXvt\m
Yhm {]mWtcmt[m \nPm-`ym-k-ammXv
3. ht{Wm ]pcy- h mbpw lpX-h ml \netb
]m\am-Irjy [rXzm kmwKpjvSmZyw-Kp-en-`n hcIc Xetbmx jUv`n-tchw \ncp-[y, t{imt{X t\t{X
N \mkm ]pS-bp-Kf atYmt\\ amtW kayIv. ]iyn {]Xybmw {]W-h-_-lp-hn[ [ym\-kweo\ Nnmwx
tbmK- m tbmK-_ pn ssIh-c p- -X p-s Imv
tbmKw aptJ\ tbmKs Adn-b-Ww. tbmK-n ZNn--\mbn tbmKn Nncw kpJ-a-\p-`-hn-p-p. anX-t`m-Pnbmb km[-I cmK-tZz-jmZn amen-\y- AIn Beky-sat\y {]]--amsI {_-Xz-{]m-]vXnv {]Xn-_-sa--dnv GIm km[-\b
- n apgp-Ip-p. cmP-tbm-K{]-h-It\m lT tbmK-{]-h-It\m BIp-p. Cu
cp hn[ tbmK--fn-semv ssI sImp-p. {]mWm-bmam-`ymkn hm-bn IqSn hmbp-hns\ Dn-te-m-Ijnv
A]m-\h
- mbp hns\ \m`n-bnse PT-cmn tImi-n-emIjnv hmbnIqSn BIjn hmbp-hns\ AXp-ambn
CW-p-p. ]noSv X-hn-c ap hnc-ep-I Dw ssI
Fn-h-bm ImXv, Iv, aqns Zzmc- Fnh
_nv {]mWm-bm-a-m {]Whw Nnnv AXn Xs
kpJw Isn B-km-m-XvImcw {]m]n-p-p.

{Xyco hnZym ]qP-bn BZyw Hmm-chpw HSp-hn

\axbpw tNv Hmtcm \ma-n-sbpw NXpn hn`n
klnXw {]tbm-Kn-p-I, {io, evao, hc-Z, hnjvWp
{]nbm, lnc-Wy-cq-]m, hkp-{]-Zm, cP-X{- k-Pm, kz-am- 4. {ihW apJ \b\ \mkm-\n-tcm[ t\ ss\h
en-\n, kz-{]-`m, kz-{]-Im-im, ]Zvah
- m-kn-\o, ]ZvamIhyw
l-kvXm, ]Zva {]nbm, hnezm-{]n-bm, N{-kq-cym, apm-eip kpjpav\m kc-Wuq aaew
m-cm, Cuiz-co, `pn, apn, hn`q-Xn, En, kar-n,
{iqbtX \mZx
IrjvSn, ]pjvSn, [\-Zm, [t\-iz-co, {im kmhn-{Xn, t`mKn\n, t`mKZ [m{Xo, hn[m{Xo Fo \ma--fm in- 5. hnNn{X tLmj kwbpm \mltX
{iqbtX [z\nx
]qP sN-Ww. ]pcc-Wmw Hcp ew a{w P]nZnhy tZl tXPkzo Znhy Ktm
-Ww. P]-ns ]n-semv X-Whpw X-W]ytcm Khm
ns ]n-semv lh-\hpw lh-\-ns ]n-semv
{_m-W-t`m-P-\hpw \S-- Ww. Ima-\m-c-lnX `mh-tmsS 6. kw]q lrZ-bx-iq-t\ym-Xzm-ct`
D]m-kn-p-h
- p am{Xta {iohn-Zym-{]m]vXn ssIh-cptbmK-hm `thXv
I-bp-q. Ima-\m-k-ln-X-am-bm ^e-an-.
ZznXobmw hnL-So-Ir-Xy-hm-bp `hXn a[ytKx

829

{ih-Ww, apJw, \b\w \mk Fn-h-bpsS On{Zsf _n-m A`ym-k-ns asmcp hn[n-bm-bn.
Ah-bn IqSn ip-amb kpjpav\ \mUn-bn {]W-hns A\m-lX
- [
- z\n tImw. A\m-lX
- N
- {- I-n
[z\n tIp-t m Xs hn`n- -{]-I m-c- n-e p
hnNn{X tLmjepw tImw. km[-Is\ CXv F{Xbpw
tXP-kzn-bm-p- p. Ahs ico-c-n \npw Znhy-Kw
hcpw. Znhy ico-chpw e`n-pw. iq\y-n at\m-tbm-KtmsS [z\n tIn-cn-p-X
- n-\m km[-I tbmK-bp-\m-Ip-p. Pohm-mhv kpjpav\m am-n IqSn
aptm-p-t]mIptm kzm[n-jvTm\ N{Iw t`Znv AXns
a[y-n-ep On{Z-n IqSn {]mW-hmbp kpjp-a\
v -bn
{]th-in-p-p.

7. ZrVm-kt\m `th-tZymKo ]Zvam-`ym-k\ kwnXx

hnjvWp {Kt-kvXtXm t`ZmXv
]c-am-\ kw`hmx
8. AXn-iqt\ym hna t`co i_vZk
- vXtXm
`th-X vx
XrXobmw bmtXm `nXzm \n\mtZm
a\ [z\nx
9. alm-iq\yw XtXm-bmXn kh-knn kam-{ibw
Nm-\w XtXm-`n-Xzm-kh-]oT KXm-\nex
10. \njv]u sshjvWhx i_vZx
IzW-XoXn IztWm
`thXv GIo-`qXw XZm-Nnw
ku\-I m-Z n-ap-\o-UnXw
11. At\w kam-tcm]y JWvtUy-JWvUw
ka-b
`qam\w {]IrXnw [ymXvhm IrX
XrtXym artXm `thXv
12. tbmtK\ tbmKw kwtcm[y `mhw
`mth\ NmRvPkm
\nhn-Iev]w ]cw XXzw kZm `qXzm
]cw `thXv
13. Alw `mhw ]cn-XyPy PKXv `mh-a\o ZriwS
\nhn-Ievt] ntXm hnZzm `qtbm
\m]y- \p-tim-N -Xn.
]Zvam-k\w XpS-nb Bk-\--fn A`ymkw \Sp tbmKn at\m-cY knn-l-\m-Ip-p. ]ns
aqm-as aWn-]q-c-Is
- a N{I-n nXn-sN-p
amb At\Iw Ima-\-Isf hfpw. Ah XIm
]c-am-\w e`n-pw. iq\ys ewLnv {]mW-hm-bp-hn\v
\mUn-bp-ambn kwLjap-m-Ip-tm AXn\npw
s]cp--d-bpsS i_vZ
- n\p Xpey-amb i_vZw {ihn-mw.

aqm-as aWn-]q-c-N{- Is t`Zn-p-tm {]mW-hmbp-hn\npw arZwKw t]mep Hcp [z\n ]pd-s-Sp-p.

]ns {]mW-hmbp Xme-N{Iw aptJ\ Nns Pbnv
Xmep-N{Iw t`Znv AhnsS am\-kn-Ia
- mb khm-\-hpw
Ah\v e`n-p-p. C-s\-bp km[-\-bpsS Ah-km\w
{]Xy--ambn apg-p \mZ-n Nnw ebn-pp
Fv k\-Im-Zn-ap-\n-I ]d-bp-p. A\-s\ kam-tcm]nv ambm-{K-kvX-amb cq]s {_-n kanv
km[-I Bm-hns kh-hym-]-Is
- -n Nnnv
Aar-X -X zs {]m]n- p- p. Akw-{]-m-X -t bmKw
aptJ\ kw{]-m-Xt- bmKw Pbnv A`m-h
- m `mh
s \ntcm-[n-W
- w. Atm km[-I \nhn-I-ev]k
- am-[nsb {]m]nv ssIheyw km[n-p-p. AtXm-sS
Ahs Alw-`mhw \jvS-am-Ip-p. ambm-a-b-amb {]]hpw ep]vX-am-Ip-p. m\n-bmb km[-Is\ aaXzw
_m[n-p-n-.

14. kente sskhw bZzXv kmayw

`hXn tbKXx
XYm a\-tkm-sscIyw kam-[nc `n \obtX
15. bZm-kw-o-btX {]mtWm am\kw
N {]eo btX
XZm-k-a-ck
- Xzw XXv kam-[o-c`n \obtX
16. bXv kaXzw Xtbm-c{X Pohm ]c-am-t\mx
kakvX \jvS-b-k-ev]x kam[n c`n [obtX
17. {]`m iq\yw a\x iq\yw _pn iq\yw
\ncm-abw
kh-iq\yw \ncm-`mkw kam-[n-c`- n-[o-btX
18. kzb-ap-e
- ntX tZtl tZlo \nXy kam[n \m
\new Xw hnPm-\o-bmXv kam-[oc `o[o-btX
19. b{X b{X at\m bmXn X{X X{X ]cw ]Zw
X{X X{X ]cw {_ kh{X kah-n-Xw.
sh-n-en Dv AXn Aen-p-tN-cp- -Xpt]mse a\v Ftm Bm-hn ebn-pp B Ahsb kam-[n-sbv ]d-bp-p. {]mWm-bm-a-n oWam {]mW-hmbp Ipw`-I-n nXn- sN-p-Ibpw Nohr-n-I \jvS-am-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNp-p. B ka-bp-m-Ip Nom-m--fpsS GIo-`m-h-amWv kam-[n.
AXn Pohm ]c-am-m--fpsS kaXz `mhw ssIh-cptm kIe k-ev]-fpw \in-p-p. kmwkm-cn-Ihpw
t_m[-cl
- n-Xh
- p-amb nXn-bn at\m-_p-n-If
- psS ]cn]q-amb hnebw kw`-hn-m khhpw iq\y-ambn
tXmpw. B Ah-bvv \ncm-abw Fp t]. AXp
Xs kam-[n. icocw Ap-anpw t]mbmepw Nnns \n-ehpw [ym\-a
- -hp-amb nXn-bmWv kam[n. B Ah--bn km[-Is a\v Fhn-sS-tm-bmepw

830

I Ah\v ]c-a]- Zw e`n-p-p-v. ]c-{_w Ah\v kpe-`am-Wv.

aqmw JWvUw
1. AY ssl\w tZhm DuNp \h N{I
hnth-I-a \p
{_qlo-Xn, XtYXn ktlm-hmN

`K-hm BZn-\m-cm-b-W ]dp: aqem-[m-c

- nep {_-N-{Iw tbm\n-bpsS BIm-c-n-ep-Xpw {Xnhr-bp--hp-am-Wv. AhnsS In-Im-aq-e
- n Dd-p
k-ns BIr-Xn-bn IpWvU-en\o in nXnsN-p-p. AXv DW-cp--Xp-hsc In-Pz-en-p PzmebpsS cq]-n [ym\n--Ww. Ahn-sS-bmWv `K-h-Xn-{Xn]p-cb
- psS Ia-cq-]-]oTw F m\w. B `K-h-Xnsb
An-m kIe t`mK-fpw knn-pw. CXv B[m-csa {]Y-a-N-{I-am-Wv.

hopw tZh-m At-lt- mSv Xv \h-N{- Ihn-th-Is kw_-n D]- tZiw \I-W-sav ]d-p.
cm-a-tXv Bdp-Z-e
- -fp ]Zva
- ns kzm[nA-s\-bm-Is Fp ]dv Atlw Dcw \In. jvTm\ N{I-am-Wv. AXns In-Im-]r-jvT-n Npa
2. B[mtc {_ N{Iw {Xncm-hrXw `K-a-WvUe
- m- \nd-n-ep inh-enw-Ks ]n-am-`-ap-J-amn [ym\nI mc w X {X aqe- I t i nx ] mh - I m- I mc w -W w. Ahn-s S-bp DVym-\ -] o-Ts D]m-k n-m
- a
- m-Ipw.
[ymtbXv Xss{Xh Ima-cq-]-]oTw kh-Im-a-{]Zw hnizs BIjn-m t]m knn Ic-KX

`hXn CXym-[mcw N{Iw

3. ZznXobw kzm[n-jvTm\ N{Iw jUv `pPw Xty
]n-am-`n-apJw enKw {]hm-fmpw kZriw [ymtbXv
Xss{X-th-UymW ]oTw PK-Zm-I jW knnZw
`h-X n. XrXobw \m`n-N {Iw k-I p- Sn- e m- I mcw
Xty IpWvUe
- n\ow _mem-tIm-Sn-{]`mw XSn- n`mw [ymtb- X v kmay inx khx
knn-{]Zm `h-Xn.
4. aWn ]qc-IN
- {Iw lrZtb N{I-ajv S Ze-a-t[mapJw X-t[y-tPym-Xnab enwKm-Imcw [ymtbXv
sskh lwk Iem-kh-{]nbm kh-tem-I-h-iyI
co `h-Xn.
5. IWvT-N{Iw NXp-cw-Kpew X{X hmta CUm N{
\mUo ZntW ]nwKfm kqcy-\ mUo Xt[y
kpjpav\mw tizX-hmw [ymtbXvb Ghw thZA-\ml X knZv[nZm `h-Xn.
6. Xmep N{Iw X{X AarX [mcm {]hmtlm
LnIm enwK- a qe N{I- c t{ cmP-Z - m- h ew
_n\o-hn-h-cw-Zi ZzmZ-imcw X{X iq\yw [ymtbXv
Nn-etbm `h-Xn.
7. k]vXaw `qN-{I-aw-K pjvT am{Xw X{X m\
t\{Xw Zo] inJm-Imcw [ymtbXv X tZh I]m-eIw hmIvkn-nZw `h-Xn.
8. Bm\ N{I-a-jvSaw {_-c{w \nhm-WN{Iw X{X kqNnIm Krtl-Xcw [q{a-in-Jm-Imcw
[ymtb-X v. X{X Pme- -c -] oTw tam-{]Zw `hXoXm ]c-{_--N-{Iw.
9. \hm-am-Imi N{Iw X{X-tjm-U-i-Z-eh
- aq[zapJw X- [ y- I n- I m- { Xn- I p- S m- I mcw Xt[y
Du[z-i - nx Xmw ]iy [ymtbXv Xss{Xh
]qKncn ]oTw kth-m-knn km[Iw `h-Xn.

aqm-a-s-Xmb \m`n-N{Iw km-Ir-Xn-bn-ep-Xpw

Bdv hr--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-am-Wv. B N{I-n tImSn
Wn\v _me-kq-cy-m-cpsS tPymXn-n\v Xpey-amb
IpWvU-en\o insb [ym\n-p-I. DW-Xn-\p-tijw
B in Gsd Ign-hp-Xpw knn-Zm-b-Ih
- p-am-Wv.
aWn ]qc-I-N{Iw AjvS-Zf Ia-em-Im-c-n-ep-Xpw
At[m-ap-J-hp-am-Wv. CXp Xs lrZ-b-N-{Iw. CXn
tPymXna-b-enw-Ks [ym\n-p-I, CXv lwk-Ie F
t]cn {]nb--c-am-Ip-p. AXp-Wm kh-tem-Ihpw
hio-I-cn-m-\p in Inpw. Igp-n NXp-cw-Kpe
{]am-Wa
- mb N{I-ap-v. AXn CS-p-`m-Kv CUbpw
he-Xp-`m-Kv ]nwK-ebpw Dv. cn\pw at[y shfp
kpjpav\m \mUnsb Nnn-p-I. CX-dn-bp--h\v A\ml-XN
- {Iw knn \Ip-p. CXns apn-ep \mep
N{In Aar-X-[mc {]h-ln-p-p. Cu \mep N{Inepw ]p ]{v Zf--fp-v. AXn\pw apn Zaqew hsc hnim-e-N-{Im-Im-c-amb On{Z-n \mep N{Iap-v. AXn iq\ys [ym\n-m Nnw iq\y-c-X-amIpw. AwKp-e -]-cn-am-Wa
- p Ggm-a -s-XmWv `qN-{Iw.
AXn Imn-m-n-Sp Ip Zo]- n- s\m m\t\-{Xs Nnn-W
- w. Cu N{Iw DWm I]me
I-s--nbpw AXn-t\m-S-\p-_-n-p hnj-b--sf-nbpw Adnhv e`n-p-p. Fm-as B N{I-s-s- bmWv {_- c{w Fv ]d-bp-- X.v AXns A{K`mKw kqNn-ap\ t]men-cn-pw. AhnsS {[qainJmcq-]s
[ym\n--Ww. Ahn-sS-bp Pme--c]
- o-Ts D]m-knm tamw knn-pw. AXn-\m ]c-{_--N{Iw
Fpw AXn\v t]cp-v. H]-Xm-as
- Xv BImi N{Iam-W.v AhnsS ]Xn-\mdp Zf--tfmSp IqSnb Xmac Du[zap-J-ambn nXn-sN-p-p. AXns \Sp-hn-ep InI
{XnKp-W- -fpsS amXm-hm-I-bm aqp inJ-c-fp ]hX-ns BIrXn tN-Xm-W.v AXns a[y-n apIfn-temv Ip\n-p-In-S-p in-bp-v. AXns\ t\mn

831

I Nnn--Ww. AhnsS bp ]q-Kncn ]oTw D]m-kn-pXv Ima-\m-kn-n-Z-am-Ip-p.

10. ku`mKy ev a yp- ] - \ n- j Zw \nXy a[otX

tkmn artXm `hXn khmbp ]qtXm `h-X n.
k kIe [\-[m\y kXv ]p{X If{X lb-`qK
P]- i q- a ln jo Zmko- Z mk tbmK- m- \ - h m
`hXn ku ]p\-cm-hX CXyp-]\
- n-j-Xv.

Cu ku`m-Ky-evao D]-\n-jv \nXyhpw A[yb\w sNp-h

- An-]q-X\
- m-Ip-p. hmbp ]qX-\mIpp; Ah kIe hn[ [\-[m-\y- ]p{X `mcy
B\, IpXn-c, arK-, ]ip, Fcp-a, Zmk, Zmkn-am
Fn-h-tcm-Sp- IqSn sFiz-cy-k-- -\mbn m\n-bmbn `hnp-p. Ah-km\w Ah ]c-a-]Zw {]m]n-p-I bpw
]p\P--an-m--h-\mbn `an-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
ku`mKyevao D]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

kvItm-]-\n-jv

imn- ] mTw
Hmwx kl-\m-h-h-Xp. kl \u `q\p klhocyw Ic-hmh ssl. tXP-kzn-\m-h-[oX akvXp.
am hnZznjm h ssl Hmw imnx imnx imnx

3. kwhn-m{X nX-ml atPmkvan InaXx ]cw

hyXn-cnw PUw khw kz]v\ h hn\ iyXn
m\-kz-cq-]
- n nXn sNp--hs
- \pw Pc-ln-X-am-sW-p-ap A\p-`-hhpw m\hpw F\n-pm-bn-cn-p-p. CXn \npw `n-am-bn-p- -sXmw PUw
kz]v\w Fn-h-t]mse \iz-ca
- mWv? CXn IqSp-X-semWp thXv?

]c-{_w Kpcp-in-jy-m-cmb \ cp-t]-scbpw

cn--s. AXv \ cp t]scbpw ]men--s. \m
cp-t]-scbpw ]men--s. \m cp t]cpw Hcp-anv Ign-hpI t\S- s. \psS Ay- b\w tXmtPm- a-b-am- I- s. R 4. NnPvPU
- m\w Xp tbm {ZjvSm tkm Nyp
At\ym\yw tZzjw hln-m CS-bm-Im-Xn-cn--s. Hmw
tXm m\
imnx imnx imnx
hn{Klx k Gh ln alm-tZhx k Gh

1. ANyptXm kvan alm-tZh Xh Imcp-Wy-te-iIx

hnPvRm-\L
- \ Ghmkvan inthm kvan
Ina-Xx-]cw
alm-tZ-h, A-bpsS Imcp-Wy-teiw \nanw
Rm ANyp-X \pw hnm-\ - L -\ \pw inh\pw
Bbn- c n- p- p. F\nv CXn IqSp- X - s ep
thWw?
2. \ \nPw \nP-hmZv `mXn Ax-Ic
- -WPrw `WmXv
Ax-Ic
- -W\
- m-ti\ kwhn-m{X ntXm lcnx
a\p-jys Ax-I-cWw hnI-kn-X-ambn Xs ]m
n-h-kz-cq]w hnkva-cn-p-tm Ax-I-c-W-\miw kw`hn-p-Ibpw AhnsS GI-\m-bn lcn-am{Xw nXn-sN-p
Ah Dm-hp-Ibpw sNp-p.

ln alm-lcnx
ssNX-\y-sbpw PU-sbpw ImWp--h XsbmWv ANyp-X\pw m\-kz-cq-]-\pw. Ah Xs-bmWv
alm-tZ-h\pw alm-l-cnbpw

5. k Gh tPymXnjmw tPymXnx k Gh
]cta izcx
k Gh ln ]cw {_ XZv {_mlw
\ kwi-bx
Atlw Xs kh-tPym-Xn-p-Ipw aqe-Im-c-Wamb tPymXn-v. Atlw Xs ]c-ta-iz-c. ]c-{_-hpw
Atlw Xs. kwi-b-an-, Rm\pw AtX {_w Xs.

6. Pohx inhx inthm Pohx kPohx tIhex inhx

XptjW _tm {holnx kympjm
`mth\ XWvUpex

832

I 7. Ghw _-kvXYm Pohx Ia-\mti kZm inhx

]mi-_
- -kvXYm Pohx ]mi-apx kZm inhx
Poh Xs inh. inh Xs Poh. B Poh
tIhew inh Xs. Dan-tN s\n \npw Dan
amn-bm Acn tijn-pw. AXp-t]mse _-\mb Poh
I-\miw kw`-hn-p-tm kZm-in-h-\m-Ip-p. CXpt]mse ]mi-_
- -\mb Poh ]mi-ap-\
- m-bm kZmin-h-\m-bn.

8. inhmb hnjvWp-cp-]mb inh-cp-]mb hnjvWpth

inhky lrZbw hnjvWp hnjvtWm
lrZbw inhx
inh Xs hnjvWp-cq-]. hnjvWp Xs inh-cq]. inhs lrZ-b-n hnjvWphpw hnjvWp-hns
lrZ-b-n inh\pw hkn-p-p.

9. bYm-in-h-atbm hnjvWp-tchw hnjvWp-ab inhx

bYm-cw \ ]yman XYm ta kzkvXn cmbpjn
GXp-hn[w hnjvWp inh-a-b-am-bn-cn-ptm AXp
t]me inh hnjvWp-a-b-hp-am-W.v Ch-cn At`mhw F\np-m-Ip-tm Cu ico-c-n nXn-sN-th Xs
Rm IeymW kzcq-]-\m-Ip-p.

10. bYm-cw \ t`Zmx kypx inh tIitbm

kvXYm tZtlm
tZhm-ebx t{]mx kPohx tIhex inhx
XytP-ZPvRm\ \nmeyw tkm
lw `mth\ ]qP-tb-Xv.
hnjvWphpw inh\pw Xn bmsXmcp hn[-amb
A-ctam t`Ztam Cm--Xp-t]mse Cu tZlhpw tZhme-b-am-Wv. AXn Poh tIhew inh-cq-]
- n nXn
sNp-p. a\p-jys Am\ \nmeyw Zqc-n-emIp-tm ""AXv Rm Xs'' F `mh-n AXns\
]qPn--Ww.

11. AtyZZi\w m\w [ym\w \nhn-jbw a\x

kv\m\w at\m-a-e-Xylx iuNan-{nb \n{Klx

kI-eXpw AtZZ _pn-tbmsS ImWp-I-sb--XmWv

m\w. a\- ns \nhn-j -b m-h- -b mWv [ym\w.
kv\ m\-sa- Xv at\m-am-en-\y- ns Zqco-I -c-W-a m-Wv .
C{nb \n{K-la
- mWv bYm-n-ep iuNw.

12. {_m-arXw ]nt_Zv ss` amN-tcZv

tZl ctW
htk-tZ-Im-ntI `qXzm ssNIm t
ssZzX hPntX
CtXy-]a
- m-Nt- cXv [oam k Ghw apn
am]v\p-bm-Xv.
{_PvRm\marXw ]m\w sN-Ibpw tZl-kw-c-W- n\v `nm-hrn kzoI- cn-p-Ibpw tZzj- `mhw ssIshSn-bp-Ibpw GIm--hm-kn-bm-bn-cn-p- Ibpw thWw. Cs\
BN-cn-p-h
- tamw {]m]n-p-p.

13. {io]-c-a-[mavt\ kzkvXn Nncm-bp-tjym-a

- -C-Xn.
hncn-n-\m-cm-bW i-cm-Iw
\rknw-l-tZ-thi Xh {]km-ZXx
ANn-y-a-hy a\-a hybw
thZm-Iw {_-\nPw hnPm-\tX
]c-am-[m-amhpw IeymW cq]n-bp-amb hnjvWp-hn\v \akvIm-cw. \rknwl tZh A-bpsS Ir]-bm {_-kzcq-]hpw hnjvWp-kz-cq-]-hpw, inh kzcq-]hpw ANn-yhpw
Ahy-hpw A\-cw thZ-kz-cq-]-hp-amb {_w Bkz-cq-]
- n Adn-bp-p.

14. XZv hnjvtWmx ]caw ]Zw kZm-]-iyn

kqcbx Znhoh Np-cm-XX
- w.
15. XZzn-{]mtkm hn]-\ythm PmKy-hwkx kantX
hnjvtWm bXv ]caw ]Z-an-tXyXn hmWm \pim\-anXn tZhm-\p-im-k\ anXyp ]\n-j-Xv.
hnjvW-hns B ]c-a-]-Z s ]I-se-t- ]mse
kv]jvS- am-bn- m-Wp m\n- I {_-m\w {]m]nv
{_-n Xs ebn-p-p. CXp Xs-bmWv hnjvWphns ]c-a]
- Z- w. CXp-Xs
- -bmWv \nhm-Wm--I-amb
m\w CXpXs thZm-\p-im-k\w Fv D]-\n-j
- v.
kvItm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

Q
N

833

3
kzkwt
ht
Zym]
\
nj
v
1
Hmw. kthjmw {]mWn-_pZv _pZm\mw \ncRvP\
- m-hy-m-arX \nt[m hneb hnemkx nXn
hnPrw-`-tX. tXjm-tah ]p\`-h\w t\m Clm-kX
v n.
k bYm arXv ]nWvtU LSm\mw Xtm hSm\mw
Xssb-thXn `h- n. hkvXptXm t\m ]mZm-\ -aX
Gh t\m]mZ aX Gh \ \nan aX Gh \
hnZym \ ]pcmWw t\m thZm-t\Xn lmkm CXn \
PK-ZnXn \ {_m t\m hnjvWpx \mY cpt{Zm-t\iztcm \ _np \ ItaXn At{K-a-[ym-h-kmt\
k ssh bYm-h - nXw bYm-h - nX m\w
tXjmw t\m `h-Xym-Ka ]pcm-tW-Xn-lmk [im-kvt{Xjp IrXm-`n-am-\m-kvtX. bm\n Xp apKv[X-c-ap\n i_vZh
- mssNyx Poh-_p-Zv_pssZx cNn-Xm\oXn `h X{X {]mamWyw XmZr-im-\m-ta-h. tX
XXz- m- t \- \ m- h rXmx kXy- t \\ K`m- k v X Zvt]yj tmtIm `h-Xn. XZ{X tmtIm `h-Xn.

AX-Gh kptacp ZmXmtcm hm

tKmLvss\x ]pcm]m Kx kpcm-]m\w
]iy-tX-lsscx ]tcm-l
- sscx hm
Kpcp-]m-]-\njvssTx k]m-]\
- njvssT
kam-\kvX GtX ssX \
Kux \ {_mWx \ kpcm \
]iy-tm-lc \ ]tcm-l
- cx \
Kpcp-]m-]m\n \ eLp-]m-]m\n aXw
XnjvTmx AX Gh \ \nhmWw
t\m \ncb CXn XZ-t]yj tmtIm `h-Xn.

ChnsS Am\w sImtm bYm-h-n-Xa

- mb
m\w-sImtm henb {]tbm-P\
- s
- am-p-an-. k-bpXpw k-bn-m--Xp-samw kXy-am-Wv. Fmw Ime
Im- -I hpw kz`m- h m- -I -h p- a m-I p- p. ]pWytam
{_-am-Ip Pem-i-b-n Pohn-I-fm-Ip Ipan-f- ]m]tam C. AXn-\m alm-tacp ]hXw Xs Zm\w
I Dmbn AXn Xs hnebw {]m]n-p-p. {]I-S- sNp--hcpw ]ip-m\w sNp--hcpw {_-l-Xy-m- c\pw
- m-bn-I-fp-samw Xp-ey-am-Wv. Fmambn kXy-ambn `hn-p-X
- m-Wv. {_-eo-\a
- m-bn-o-cp- aZy-]m-\nbpw Kpcp-X-ev]i
hc
ps
Sbpw
nXn
Hp
Xs. kI-eXpw Ime-h-ia
- m-Wv.
-Xn\v ]noSv P\n-t Bh-iy-ap-m-Ip-n-. an\p
Bmhv
CXns
\ms
D]c
nb
mI
p
p.
{_
n
ap-sIm-p-m-pv IpS-n\pw \qen\pw \qep-sIm-pm- p hkv{X-n-\p- ap Ah-m-hn-ti- j-am- W.v Pohn- ]ipthm {_m-Wt\m aZy-]m-\ntbm Hp-an-. sNdnb
Ipw {_- n\pw Xn- e p- Xv B \ne-b n ]m]tam henb ]m]tam Hp-an-. tamtam \c-Itam
t\mptm hnZym-]p-cm-W-, CXn-lm-k- Ch- Hpw bYm-n-en-. CXv hy-hp-am-Wv.
bvsmpw imiz- X-amb k-bn- . As\ kqva-ambn
XXz-m\w Kplmbw \nhnjvSw
Nnn-p-tm {_mthm hnjvWpthm Cuiz-ct\m
Am-\n-Ir-Xa
- mw krjvS hZn
_npthm Ietbm Hp-an-sv ImWmw. a[ym-h-tX X{X km`n-am\mx ht ]pjv]n
bntem Aym-h--bntem Ahv bYm-h-n-Xn-X-amb
m\w e`n-p-n-. ImcWw Ah- BK-a--fnepw
Xh-N-t\\ tamln-XmkvtX `h-n. k bYm]pcm-W
- -fnepw CXn-lm-k- -fnepw [-im-kv {X-{K-- Xp-c m-`n-jKv {KlW Imte _mem AY-Yym-lnX
-fnepw A`n-am\w hln-p-I-am{Xw sNp-p. ap\n-I KpUm-Zn-\m. P\\ym hmZy-NrXm CXn \m\m tZhXm
F t]cn Adn-b-s-Sp shdpw Xp-_p-Zv_p-Z- Kpcp-I Xo \njv T m tX `h- n. tI
am{X-am-Wh
- . ]WvUn-X-msc`n-am-\n-p Ah an- NnZzbw sshZnIm CXn hZ-n. \mt\y Akva-`yw.
hmdpw Am-\n-I Xs. hfsc {]bm-k-sv Ipsd tI NnZzbw kh-im-kv{Xm CXn. tI NnXv
{K--fnse Adn-hp-t\-Sp-p. ]t bYm-n hbw khm-\ p- {Kl hx tINn-Z zbw kz]v t \
Ah Am-\-n apgp-In--gn-bp-p. AXv hy-am- D]mky tZhXm `mjn-W. tI NnXv hbw tZhm CXn
p {]am-Wn-I-tm-Ia
- p-v. kwKXn hy-am-Wv.
tI NnXv hbw {inhZv cam caW \fn\ `rwKm CXn.

Cl tX\m-]y-m-t\\ t\m
InnXv AY bYm-h-nX mt\\ InnXv
t\Xn XZkvXn XZkvXn bmkvXn \mkvXn
XXv Ime-Im--I-anZw kz`m-hm Iw
tNXn \ kpIrXw t\m ZpjvIrXw

tI Nnp \rXy-p. tINnXv aqJm hbw ]c-a`w CXn. hZtm cpZtm ]Xn N. tbm tI
N \ tX tI kth-]y-m-\n\x tX Xp m\n
t\m `hn tb XXz- m\n \-ssX-j vXjmw
tIm hntijx aX Gj tIjmw NnXv ssInZ
t`Zx aX Gh b{X hnc n hnjv W p cp{Zm
Cuiztc Kn Xss{Xh izm t\m KZ-`m.

834

I amPm-cm, {Ia-a aX Gh \m izm\ K`u

Xs. Cmcyw {]kn--am-Wv.

[mX N \ Iranx t\mam \ a[yam \ PL\ym

XZ-t]yj tmtIm `h-Xn.

\ X_vZx \ Inw i_vZx \ kth i_vZmx

\ amXm t\m ]nXm \ _px\ Pmbm \ ]pt{Xm
XXz-m\w Hcp {]Im-c-n A-Im-cm-hr-Xa
- m- \ an{Xw \ kth XYm ]n km[-ssI-cm kzcqWv. Am-\n-I-fpsS ams AXv Nnetm sa- ]w. thZn-Xp-an--Zv`n Poh-p-app `nx kx tkhymx
sav ]d-bp-p. ImcW Ah Ah-cpsS am-n A`n- `mcym ]pt{Xm Krlw [\w khtX tZym tZbw
am\w sImp-p. apKv[-hN
- \
- --fm Ah tamln-X-cm- Im ssZzXw \ Imcyw `mh ssZzXw Imcyw \nIp- p. Fmw At\Iw tZh-XI Kpcp-- m k- tb\ khm ssZzXw I-hyw. Kpcu ssZzX-a Xo- XpSnbhsb {]Ion-p-p. D- ]iyw Imcyw. btXm \ Xkv a m Z\y- X v. tX\
X- m-\--fn-ep taml-amWv Chsc Hmtcmntev \bn- kanZw {]Im-in-Xw. tIm\yx XkvamXv ]cx kPop-X
- v. A-am Ipn-Isf sImv acpp IpSn-n-m h-ptm `h-Xn. k Poh-ptm `h-Xn. b Ghw
i-cbpw apw Xnm sImSp-m-sav {]tem-`n-n-p- thZ b Ghw thZ.
Itbm acpv a[p-c-]-Zm- s]mXnp sImSp-pXp t]msetbm BW-Xv. Nne sshZn-Ic
- m-sWv ]dbp-p. Nne X tZh-m-cpsS Ir]m-]m-{X--fm-sWv
]d-bp- p. kz]v\ -n X-fpsS D]m-ky-tZ-h-msc
ImWm Ign-n-p-sv Nne Ah-I m-i-s-Sp- p.
Nne tZh-m-sc-tmse P\--fm ]qPn--s-Sp-p. almhn-jW
v p-hm-Ip Xma-c-bpsS tX \pI-cp hp-I-fmWv
X-sfv Nne ]d-bp-p. Nne `m-{K-Wn-I-sf \nebn Ic-bp-p. \rw sNp-p. bYm-n Chcn ]ecpw Am-\n-I-fm-Wv. m\n-I-sfpw XXzm-\n-Is
- fpw ]d-bp Ch-cn BcmWv t{ijvT?
Bcpw t{ijvT-m-c-s--XmWv ]c-amw. {_-hnjvWp
atlm-iz-c-mcpw IoS-fpw sNsp-Xv Htc m\m-sW-p--Xm-W.v ]c-amw. ]n-bm-bmepw Igp-X-bmbmepw IoS-am-bmepw kam\w Xs. Fmw D-a--

AXv X- _Zv tam Inwi-_vZtam i_vZtam thsd GsXnepw i_vZtam A. A, A, ktlm-Z-c, `mcy,
]p{X, an{Xw, CsXm-p-an-. Fm km[- I-mv XfpsS bYm kzcq]w a\-n-em-m-\p B{K-l-ap-Xp-sIm-v, Poh-p-t-b
- m k-\-sf tkhn-t-Xm-h-iy-am-Wv. `mcy, ]p{X, _p, kI-eXpw ]cam kmao- ]y- n-\mbn ssI shSn-tb--Xmbn hcpw. IssZz-X-a `mh-ssZz-Xa
- mWv ssIsm-t-X
- v. khmssZzX `mh-amWv Bhiyw. AtX L-n ssZzX `mh
hpw Bh-iy-am-Wv. ImcWw Kpcp-ap-Jm- n-c-am-Wv. Cu
kwkm-c-sbpw ]c-{_--s-bp-samw ]q-ambn Adnbm Ign-bp-- X.v bYm- n kZvKp-cp-hn-s\-m hepXmbn Hp-an-. Cu XXzw icnp a\-n-em-p-h
-
Poh-p--\m-bn-o-cp-p.
kzkw-th-tZym-]\
- n-jv kam-]n-p.

kh-k-tcm-]-\n-jv

imn- ] mTw
Hmw. kl-\m-h-h-Xp. kl \u `p\-p. klhocyw Ic-hm-hs
- sl. tXP-kzn-\m-h-[o-X-a-kvXp. am
hnZzn jmh ssl. Hmw imnx imnx imnx

t]cpw Hcp-anv Ign-hp-I t\S-s. R-fpsS A[y-b\w

tXP-kzn-bm-I-s. R ]c-kv]cw Ie-ln-m-\n-S-h-cmXn-cn-s
- . Hmw. imnx imnx imnx

1. Hmw _x IYw? tamx Im? hnZym Im

]c-{_w Kpcp-in-jy-m-cmb R- cp-t]-scbpw hntZyXn? Pm{KXv kz]v\ kpjp]vX w Xpcobw
cn--s. R cp- t]-scbpw ]cn-]m-en--s. R N I Y w? A - a bx {] mW - a tbm at\ m- a tbm
cp-t]cpw Hcp-anv Ign-hp-I ]men-s
- . R cp- hnm\ abx B\ abx IYw? Im Pohx

835

I t{Xx kmo IpStm cymao IYw?

{]Xym-Km-m ]c-amm ambm tNXn IYw?
_w FmWv? tamw FmWv? hnZy AhnZy
Ch FmWv? Pm{K-Xv, kz]v\w kpjp]vXn Xpcobw Fo
\mev Ah--I-sf-mWv? A-abw {]mW-a-bw, at\m-abw, hnm-\a
- b
- w, B\--abw Fo Ap tImi-sf-mWv? Imhv Poh t{X-, kmn, IqS A- cyman Ch-bpsS A-sa-mWv? AXp-t]mse
Pohm-m-hv, ]c-am-mhv amb Cu XXz--sf-mWv?

2. Bt-iztcm \mt\m tZlm Zo\m tXz\m`n-a\y tX tkm`nam\ Bt\m _-kvX

- nhr- n tam-k vX -Z -`n-a m\w Imc-bXn bm km
hnZymtkm `namt\m bbmZn \nhtX km
hnZym
Cuiz-c\pw Poh\pw BmhpXs-sb-nepw GsXmmtWm Bm-h
- m-Xv A-s\-bp ico-c-n
Poh\v Rms\ `mhw Dm-Ip-p. AXp-X-s-bmWv
Pohs _\w Cu Alw- ` mhw \in- p-I - b mWv
tamw. Cu Alw-`mhw krjvSn-p-Xv Ahn-Zy-bm-Ipp. hnZy-sImv Cu Alw-`mhw Cm-Xm-Ipw.

3. a\ BZn NXp Zi ImcssWx ]pjvIsse cmZnXym- Z y\p KrlossXx i_v Z m- Z o hnj- b m

pem\y tZm]m-e-`tX XZm-t- \m-Pm-Kc
- -Ww. XZzmk\m cln-X
- -Xp`nx IcssWx i_vZmZy `mth
]n hmk-\m-a-bm i_vZm-Zo-\ytZm ]e-`ytX XZm\x kz]v\ w NXpZ-i -I -c tWm ]c-a m-Z zn-tij
hn m- \ m- ` m- h m- Z yZm XZm- \x kpjp- ] v X w,
Ahm{Xb `mhm-Zv, `mh-kmn kzbw `mhm-`mhc lnXw ss\c-cyw ssNIyw bZm XZm Xpcobw ssNX-\y-an-Xyp-Ny-tX.
Bm-hns Pm{K-Z-h Fp ]d-bp--X,v kqcy-ZntZ-h-m-cpsS in-bm a\-v, _pn, Nnw, Al-mcw, ]v C{n-b- Fn-s\ ]Xn-mep Imc-W-fm Bmhv GXv Ah--bn-emtWm i_vZ-kv]imZn
qe-hn-jb
- - {Kln-p-Xv AXp Xs. i_vZm-Znq-e-hn-j- -fn-s-nepw Pm{K-Zm-h-- bn tijn hmk\-I \nanw a\p XpS-nb ]Xn-mep Ic-W-
aptJ\ i_vZm-Zn-hm-k\m hnj-b-sf Poh {Kln-pp. apv kqNn-n ]Xn-mev C{n-b-fpw im-am-bno- Xn- \p- tijw GsXm- c-h-- bn- emtWm hntijm
\-lo-\-X-bm i_vZmZn hnj-b-sf {Kln-m-Xn-cp-Xv
B ka-b-p Bm-hns Ah-sb kpjp]vXn
Fv ]d-bp-p. Cu aqv Ah-I
- -fp-sSbpw Dev]-mebw Fnh Adn-bp-Xpw kzbw Dev]-m-ebw Fnhbvv \nc-cw AXo-X-am-bn-cn-p-Xpw \nXy-kmn
ssNX-\y-ambncnp-X
- mWv Xpcob ssNX-\yw. B Ahbvv Xpco-b-sav ]d-bp-p.

4. A ImcymWmw jmw tImim-\ mw. kaqtlmabx tImix CXyp-Ny-tX. {]mWmZn NXp

Zi hmbp-t`Zm A-ab tImti bZm ht
XZm {]mW abx tImti CXyp-Ny-tX. GXXv tImiZzb kwbptm a\x BZn NXp`nx IcssWx
Bm i_vZmZn hnj-bm k-ev]mZn [m-\yZm
ItcmXn XZm at\m-abx tImi CXyp-NytXx GXXv
tImi-{Xb kwbp kvXZvKX hntijm hntijtm bZmh `mktX XZm-h n- m\ abx
tImix CXy-Nyp-tX. GXZv tImi-NX
- p-jSv bw kzImc-W-mt\ hS IWn-Im-bm-an-h-Kp]vX hS-hrtm
bZm htX XZm-\--abx tImi CXyp-Ny-tX.

A-a-b-tIm-is
- ap ]d-bp-Xv A-m DmIp tImi--fpsS kaq-l-cq-]-amb ico-csbmWv.
{]mW XpS-nb ]Xn-mep hmbp- Cu A-a-btIm-i-n IqSn k-cn-p-tm AXns\ {]mW-ab
tImi-sav ]d-bp-p. cp-tIm-i--fp-sSbpw Dn Ignbp a\v XpS-nb ]Xn-mep Ic-W- aptJ\
Bmhv i_vZmZn hnj-b--sf-p-dnv Nnn-p-tm
AXns\ "at\m-a-b-tImiw' Fv ]d-bpw. Cu aqp tImi-tfmSpw IqSn-tv Bmhv _pn-sImv Nne-sXmw
Adn-bp-p. Cu _pn-a-b-kz-cq-]s hnm-\-ab tImisav ]d-bp-p. apI-fn kqNn-n \mep tImi--tfmSp-IqSn Bmhv Ac-bm-ens Ipcp-hn KqV-ambn nXnsN-p t]cm acw t]mse kzIm-cWw Adn-bm-Xn-cnp-tm Dm-Ip Ah-sb B\--a-b-tIm-i-sav
hyh-l-cn-p-p.

5. kpJ-ZpxJ _pym-{itbm tZlmx Im-bZm

XtZjvS hnjtb _pn kpJ-_pnx c\n-jvS-hnjtb _pn ZpxJ-_pnx i_vZk
- v]i cq]-ck
- Kmx kpJ ZpxJ tlXhx ]pWy ]m]-Im-\pkm-co-`qXzm {]m]vX ico-c -k- ntbm-K-a-{]m]vX
ico-c-tbm-Ka
- nh IphmtWm bZm-Zr-iyt XtZm-]lnX Xzm oh CXyp-Ny-tX.
kpJw, ZpxJw Ch-bpsS ZrjvSn-bn Dn cpNn-I-camb hkvXp-hn-s\--n-bp B{K-l-amWv kpJ-_p-n.
Acp-Nn-I-c--fmb hkvXp-k--ev]a
- mWv ZpxJ-_p-n-kp-J{]m-]vXnpw ZpxJ-\n-hm-cW
-
- n\pw thn Poh ]e
I-fpw A\p-jvTn-pp AXp \nanw AXns\
Imhv Fp ]d-bp-p. i_vZw, kv]iw, Kw, cq]w,
ckw Fo Ap-hn-j-b-sf A\p-k-cn-p Bmhv
{]m]n ico-c-kw-tbm-Ks A{]m-]vX-sa \ne-bn IcpXp-p. Atm AXns\ D]m-[n-ap Poh Fv ]dbp-p.

6. a\ BZn {]mWm-Zn--k-Xym-Zn Cm-Zn-]p-Wym-Zn-sstX ]-hmx CtXy-tcm-jmw-]-hm-Wmw-[o `qXm m\m-Zr-tX\ hn\-

836

I iyXn B-k-n-[u-\n-Xy-tXz\ {]Xob am\

krjvSn {]]-tjp ]qhw hym]Iw ssNX-\y-aBtm-]m-[n-cy-kvX-nwKw icocw lrZv{K-n-cn-Xyp- \ anXyp-Ny-tX. B\tm \ma kpJ ssNX\y
Nyp-tX-X {X bXv {]Im-i tX ssNX\yw kt- kzcqt]m A]-cn-an-Xm-\ kapt{Zm hninjvS kpJ{X CXyp-NyptX
cq-]
- m-\ CXyp-Ny-tX. GX ZzkvXp NXp-jvSbw
bky eWw tZk- I m-e - h kv X p \nan- t jp
a\v XpS-n-b-hbpw {]mW XpS-n-b-hbpw kXzmAhy-`n-Nmcn k XXv ]Zmx ]c-am-m-]cw {_Zn-Ifpw Cm-Zn-Ifpw ]pWym-Zn-Ifpw Ch-bpsS ]-k-aqtXy-NytX Xzw ]ZmZu ]m[n-Im-Xv ]Zm
ls ]-hw Fv ]d-bp-p. Cu ]-h [Zu]m- [ nIm Zzne- W BIm- i - h Xv kh- K Xx
tmSp IqSn-b-h\
- mbn Pohm-mhv Adn-bmsX Xs
kqva x tIhex km-amt{Xm kn ]Zmx
AXn \nv tamN\w t\Sm i-am-Ip-n-. Bmkzbw tPymXn cm-Xyp-NytX XXv ]Zm-mhn-t\mSp tNn-cn-p-p. Fv tXmn-p a\v XpSt-Xyp-Ny-tX. A\m-Znc hn-{]-amWm {]amW
nb kqva-X-Xz--fpsS D]m-[nsb enwK-i-co-c-sav ]dkm[m-cWm \ kXo-\m-kXo \ kZ-kXn kzb-abp-p. AXp-Xs lrZ-b-{K-n. AXn-\p-n-ep ssNXhn-Im-cm-Zzn-Im-c-tlXu \ncq-]y-amtW AkXn A\n\ys t{X- Fv ]d-bp-p.
cq-]y-amtW kXn e-W-iq\ym km amtb-Xyp-Ny7. mXr-m-\-t-bm\m am hn `mh Xntcm tX.
`mh- mXm kzb- t ahm hn `mh Xntcm- ` mh
kXyw, m\w, A\-w, B\w Cu kzcq-]-amlo\x kzbw tPymXox kx kmo- X yp- N ytX
h\pw kI-tem-]m[n cln-X\pw ISIw aIpSw XpS-nb
{_mZn ]n]o-enIm ]cyw kh-{]mWn _pnjz
D]m-[n-sbm-p-an-m--h\pw tIhew kzw t]mse
hnin- j v S - X tbm ]e- ` y- a m\x kh {]mWn- _ p- p-am-bn-cn-p Bmhv `mknt bZm XZm IqS CXyp-Ny-tX. IpS-m- m\-ssN-X\y kzcq-]\
am-\-am-bn-cn-p-tm "Xzw' F t]cn-\m Adn-b-s-SpZyp-]l
- nX t`Zm\mw kzcq-]e
- m-`-tl-Xp `qXzm-aWn
p. {_w kXyhpw A\-hpw m\-kz-cq-]h
- p-am-Wv.
KW kq{X-anh kh t{X-jzn\p kyqX-tXz\
Ahn-\m-in-bm-b-Xns\ kXy-sav ]d-bp-p. tZiw, Imew
bZm {]Im- i X Bm- X - Z m- - c ym- a o- X yp- N yp- tX.
hkvXp, \nanw Ch \in-mepw bmsXmv \in-p-Ikthm-]m[n hn\n apx kph-hZ- zn-m\
bn-. AXns\ Ahn-\m-insbv ]d-bp-p. Dev]-n-ebw
L\- n- m- { X- k z- c q] B m kzX- t {m- b Zm
XpS-nb Cm-Xpw \nXy ssNX-\y-hp-amb HmWv
h`mktX XZmXzw ]Zmx {]Xy-Kmt XypNym\w. ap-sImp Xo-IpSw apX-em-b-hb
- n aptX.
Adn--h; Adn-hv, Adn-tb-Xv Ch-bpsS Dev]n-em-bm-Zn-I Adn-npw kzbw Dev]-n-eb
- -c-ln-Xam-bn-cn-p Bm-hns\ kmn Fv ]d-bp-p. {_mhp-ap-X Ddp-p-h-sc-bp kh Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw _pnbn \nh-kn-p-Xpw Ah-bpsS qe-kq-a
v mZn tZln\v \miw Dm-Ip-tm Ftm _mn-bp-sv
tXmp--Xp-amWv IqS- -s\v ]d-b-s-Sp--Xv. IqS-
XpS-nb D]m[n t`Z--fn \nv kzcq]w Adn-bm
Fm ico-c-fpw Nc-Sn app-I t]mse tIm-sn-cn-p Bm-hns\ A-cym-an-sbv ]d-bp-p. kIe
D]m-[n-If
- n \nv ap-ambpw kzw t]mse hnm\-{]-Im-i-I-am-bn-cpv NnXv kzcq-]-am-bn-cn-p Bmhv
kzX-{-ambn {]Im-in-p-tm Xze-_vZ hzmNyamb
{]Xy-Km-m-shv ]d-bpw.

6. kXyw m\-a -\ - -am-\ w {_ kXy-a -h n\min \ma-tZi Ime-hkvXp \nan-tjp hn\-iyXv

kp b hn\-i yXy Ahn-\ in XXv kXy-a nXyp
NytX. m\- a m- X yp- e v ] n hn\m- i - c - l nXw
ssNX\yw m\-anXy `n[o-b-tX. A\w \maar- Z zo- I m- t cjp arZn h kph hnIm- t cjp
kph-anh Xp-Im-tcjp Xp-cnhm hymZn

t]m- sebpw B`-c-W--fn kz- sa- -t]m-sebpw hkv{X-fn \qev F-t]m-sebpw Fm krjvSn-bnepw ]qambpw hym]-I-ambpw Ccn-p ssNX\yw A\--sav
]d-b-s-Sp-p. GsXmv kpJ-a-b-ssN-X\y kzcq-]hpw
Ccn-p AXv ]c-am-\w Fv ]d-b-s-Sp-p. kXy,
m\w, A\-w, B\w Fo \mep hkvXp-fpw
BcpsS e-W- am-Wv. tZiw, Imew, hkvXp FnhIfm
GsXmv ]cn-h\ hnt[-b-am-Ip-n-, AXp XsbmWv XXv ]Zm-satm ]c-am-m-shtm ]d-b-s-Sp-Xv. "Xzw' Fpw "XXv' Fpw D cp ]Zm-fpw
tkm]m-[n-Ia
- mb t`Z--fn\npw hn`n--amb BIm-is-tmse kpkq-vahpw tIh-e-kz-cq-]h
- p-amb XXzw
]c-{_w Fv ]d-b-s-Sp-p. A\m-Zn-bm-sW-nepw Aap-Xpw Ak--m-Xpw kZvk--m-Xpw kzbw
G-hp-a-[nIw hnIm-c-c-ln-Xa
- mbn ImW-s-Sp-- Xp-amb
in-bmWv amb.

Am\w Xpm ]y kXn Ime-{Xtb ]n

]ma-cmWmw hmkvXho N kXzm _pn euIn-Im\m-an-Z-anXy \nh-N-\obm hpw \ iIy-tX.
CXp-t]m-se-b-msX ap-hn-[
- n AXns\ hnm hnj-a-am-Wv. amb Am-\-cq-]hpw Xphpw anYybp-am-sW-nepw ]ma-c-mv {XnIm-e--fnepw hmkvX-h-

837

I ambn tXmp--Xm-W.v AXp-sImv AXns kzcq]w Cu

hn[-sav ]dv AXns kz`mhw a\-n-emn sImSpm {]bm-k-am-W.v

9. ss\hw `hm-aylw tZtlm-t\-{n-bmWn Zssih

Xp\ _pn \a\x iiz-m-l-mc kvX ssYh N
10. A{]m-tWm-l y-a \x ipt{`m-_ p-ym-Z o\mw ln
kh-Zm-km-ylw khZm \nXy-n-mt{Xw lw
\ kwibx
11. \mlw Im ss\h t`mm-{]-IrtXx kmo
cq]Imx aXv kmn-[yXv {]ht tZlymZym
APUm Ch.
Rm P\n-p-n-. Rm tZltam ]v C{n-btfm _pntbm a\tm A. \nXym-l-m-c-hp- a-. Rm
A{]m-W\pw Ah-\k
- vI \pw ip kzcq-] -\p-a m-Ip-p;
Rm _pn XpS-n-b-hv kmnbpw kZm Nn-kzcq-]-\ p-a m-Wv . CXn kwi-b-a n- . Rm Imthm
t`mmthm A tIhew {]Ir-Xn-bpsS kmn-am-{Xw.
Fs kmao-]y-m tZlm-Zn-Iv ssNX-\y-ns
{]Xo-Xn-bp-m-Ipp. Fs kmn-[y-m tZlm-Zn-I
P]--f
- m hn[w {]hn-p-p.

12. mWp \nXyx kZm-\x iptm m\-atbm-aex Blw kh-`q-Xm\mw hn`px kmn

\ kwibx

13. {_ss-hmlw kh thZm thZyw

\mlw thZyw thyma-hm-Xm-Zn-cq]w cq]w \mlw
\ma \mlw \ I {_ss-hmlw
kn-Zm-\ cq]w
14. \mlw tZmtlm P-arXyp IptXmta
\mlw {]mWx pXv ]m]-tk-IptXm ta\mlw
tNXx tkmI-tamlu IptXm ta
\mlw Im _tam uIp-tXm-ta.
CXyp-]-\n-j Xv
Rm kvYmWphpw \nXy\pw kZm-\-\pw ip\pw
m\-a -b\pw Aa-e\pw kh-`q-X- pw hn`phpw
\n-e-\p-amb Bm-hmWv Rm. BImiw hmbp Fnh-sb-tmse Rm Adn-b-s-Sp hkvXp-h
- . Rm
cq]tam \matam Iatam A. tIhew kn-Zm-\ kzcq]-amb {_-am-Ip-p. Rm tZl-a-, F\nv P\-\hpw
ac-Whpw FhnsS?
Rm {]mW-\-, F\nv hnipw Zmlhpw Fhn-sSbmWv? Rm tNX- - . F\nv timI-t am-l -
FhnsS? Rm Im-h F\nv _-tam--s
- fhnsS?
kh-km-t cm-]\
- n-jv kam-]n-p.

lwtkm-]-\n-jv

imn ]mTw

Hmw. ]q-aZx ]q-anZw ]qmXv ]qap-Z-Ny-tX. ]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]q-ta-hmh

injy-tX. Hmw. imnx imnx imnx

1. Hmw. KuXa DhmN ""`K-h kh [-,

kh-im-kv{X-hn-im-cZ {_-hnZym {]t_mt[mlntIt\m ]mtb\ Pmb-tX.

Hmw. Cu {_w ]q-am-Ip-p. Cu PKv ]qam-Ip-p. Cu ]q-{_--n \np-amWv Cu ]q{]-]w Dm-bn-p- -X.v Cu ]q {_-n\nv Cu
]q-{]-]-s FSp-mepw ]q-{_w Xs-bmW-h-ti-jn-p--X.v

k\-p-Pm-X-t\mSv KuX-a ]dp: ""`K-hm-s\,

Av kIe [--fp-sSbpw aw [cn-n-ph\pw
kIe imkv{X-- fnepw ]WvUn-X-\p-am-W- tm. {_ hnZymm\w GXp D]mbw sImv km[n-m-sav F\np
]dp Xc-Ww.''

838

I 2. k\Xv kpPmX DhmN hnNmcy kh thtZjp

aXw mXzm ]n\m-In\x ]mhXym IYnXw XXzw
irWp KuXa X-a.
k\Xv kpPm-X ]dp:- "kIe thZ--fp-sSbpw
A`n-{]m-b-ad
- nv inh ]mh-Xn-p-]t- Z-inp sImSp
Imcy- Rm ]d-bmw. tIpw.'

tbmtcI hnwiXn kl-{kmWn jSv iXm-\yZn Im\n

`h- n.
kqcymb tkmamb \nc-RvP-\mb \ncm-`m-kmb
X\p kqva x {]tNm-Z-bm-ZnXn Ao-tjm-am`ymw
huj-Svlr-Zm-ZywK \ymk-Ic
- \ym ku `hXx Ghw
IrXzm lrZtb jvSZtf lwkm-m\w [ymtb-Xv.

3. A\m-tJym-b-anZw Kplyw tbmKn\mw tImikn`w lwkky KXn-hn-kvXmcw `pn apn ^e{]-Zw.

Ao- t jm- a u- ] m HmwImc intcm- _ np

kvXp t\{Xw apJw cpt{Zm-cp-{ZmWo Nc-Wu-_mlp
Imem-m-n-tmt` ]mtiz `hXx Gtjmku
]c- a - l w- tkm- `m\p tImSn-{ ]- X n- I mtim tbt\Zw
cl-ky-amb CXv Atbm-Kyv ]d-p-sIm-Sp-m-hphym]vX w. Xkym-jvS-hn[m hrn `h-Xn, ]qh-X-. tbmKn-Iv \n[n-t]m-se-bmWv CXv. lwk-ns
Zte ]ptWy-a Xnx Bttb \n{Zm-e -k ym-Z tbm
AXm-bXv Bm-hns KXn hnK-Xn-Is
- f-n {]Xn-]m-Zn`hn bmtay {Iqtc aXw ss\x EtXy ]mt]
p Cu hnZy `n-apn {]Zm-bn-\n-bm-Wv.
a\ojm hmcpWymw {IoUm hmbthy Ka\m Zu
4. AY lwk ]c-a-lwk \nbw hymJym-kymax _pnx kutay cXnx {]oXnx Cuimt\ {Zhym-Zm\w
{_- N m- c ntW immb Zmmb Kpcp- ` - mb at[y sshcmKyw tIktc Pm{K-Z -hm Ilwk lwtkXn kZm Abw kthjp tZtljp Imbmw kz]v\w enwtK kpjp]vXnx ]-X ymtK
hym]v X m- h - t X. bYm- h ynx Imjv t Tjv T Xpcobw bZm lwtkm \mtZ eot\m `hXn XZm
Xntejp ssXe-anh Xw hnZnXzm arXyp atXy-Xn.
Xpcym-Xo-X-ap-\
- -\-a-P-t]m] kwlm-c-an-Xy`n [ob- vam-t\m hnNmC\n lwk ]c-al
- wk \n-b-s-n N \S- tX, Ghw khw lwk-h-im-k
cyt
X.
mw. {_-Nm-cnbpw im\pw PntX-n-b\pw Kpcp-`-\p-am-b-hs apn lwk-]-ca
- l
- wk cl-ky- {]ISn-n-p-Ib
- mWpNnXw. kakvX ico-c-nepw Cu Poh
"lwkw' "lwkw' Fp P]n-p-sImv hnd-In Xosb
t]msebpw Fn F-sb t]msebpw hym]n-n-cnp-p. Cu clkyw Adn-bp--h arXyp-hns\ AXn-ewLn-p-p.

5. KpZ-ta-h-j p`y B[m-c m-Z zm-bp-a pm ]ykzm-[ njvTm\w {Xnx {]Z-nWo IrXy aWn-]q-cIw KXzm
A\m- l - X - a - X n- { Iay hnipu {]mWm- n- c p[y
Bm-a-\ p-[ ym-b {_-c{w \ymb {Xnamt{XmlantXyhw kh-Zm-[ym-b tYm \mZ-am-[mcmXv _ln {_ c{ ]cyw ip-kv^-Sn-Ik-miw k ssh {_ ]c-amt XypNy-tX.
KpZs BIjnv B[mc N{I-nse hmbp-hns\
shfn-bn-tev hnSp-I. ]ns kzm[n-jvTm\ N{Is aqp
{]Z-nWw shbvp-I. aWn ]qc-N-{I-n t]mbn A\ml-X-N{Iw AXn-{I-an-W
- w. A\-cw hnip--N{- I-n
{]mW- \ntcm-[nv Bm-N{Iw [ym\n-p-sImv
{_-c-{s [ym\n- -W w. Cs\ {Xnam-{X-\mb
Bmhv Rm Xs BsWv k-ev]n-p-d-m kzkv^-SnI km-k-amb Bm-hns A\p-`qXn Dm-Ipsav ]d-b-s-Sp-p.

6. AY lwk Ejnx Ahy--Km-b{Xn Ox ]c-alwtkm tZhXm Al-anX _oPw, k CXn inx

tkma-la
- nXn Ioe-Iw. jSvkw-Jybm Atlm-cm{X

ChnsS lwkw Ejnbpw Ahy--Km-b{Xn Opw

tZhX ]c-al
- w-khpw Alw-_oP cq]hpw kp in
cq]hpw tkmlw Ioe-I-hp-am-Ip-p. Cs\ Cu Bdp
kwJy-ap-tJ\ Hcp cmhpw ]Iepw Ccp-]-n-Hm-cm-bn-cn
Adp-\qdp {]mhiyw izkn--s-Sp-p. kqcymb tkmamb, \nc-RvP\
- m-b, \ncm-`m-km-b, X\p kqvax {]tNm-Zbm-X, CXn Ao-tjm-am`ymw hujS F a{w P]n-psImv lrZbw XpS-nb AwK--fp- sSbpw Ic-- fp-sSbpw
\ymkw sN-Ww. AXn\p tijw AjvS-Z-f-tmSp IqSnb
lrZ-b-I-a-e
- n lwkm-m-hns\ [ym\n--Ww. An
bpw tkma\pw Cu lwk-ns ]- - fm- Ip- p. Hmmcw
akvXI
- hpw _np-t\-{Xhpw cp{Z apJhpw cp{ZmWn CcpN-c-W-fpw Imepw cp ssIIfpw An Ccp-]miz-fp-am-Ip-p. kKp-Whpw \nKp-Whpw cp ]miz--fmWv. C-s\-bp ]c-a-lwkw tImSn kqcy\p kaw {]Imi-hpw kh-hym-]n-bp-am-Wv. AXns hrn-I Fphn-[
- n-em-Wv. Cu Fs-
- nepw AXv ]qh-Zn-ib
- n
nXn-sN-p-tm \n{Zbpw Be-kyhpw Dm-Ip-p.
Zn-W-Zn-i-bn nXn-sN-p-tm {Iqc-X-bn a\v
hym]-cn-p-p. \ncrXn tImWn-em-bn-cn-ptm _pn
]mt]m-p-J-am-Ip-p. ]naZn-i-bn-em-Ip-tm {IoUbpw
hmbp tImWn-em-bn-cn-p-tm km-c-Iu-Xp-Ihpw DmIp-p. hSp Znn-em-Ip-tm hnj-bm-`n-cp-Nn-b m-Wv.
Cuim-\-n {]hrn; a[y-n-em-Ip-tm sFlnI
]mc-{XnI Imcy- -fn sshcmKyw Ch Dm-Ip-p. lwkm-I-amb Cu Bmhv lrZ-b-Ia
- -e-ns tIk-c-n-en-

839

I cn-p-tm Pm{K-Z-h; I-Ib- n-em-bn-cns kz]v\mh; a[y-m-\

- m-bn-cns kpjp]vXn; lrZ-b-I-aew
shSn-bp-tm Xpco-bm-h A\p-`-hs
- -Spw. AXv \mZn ebn-p-tm Xpco-bm-Xo-X, D-\, AP-t]m-]kw-lm-c Fo t]cp-I-fn Adn-b-s-Sp-. Cs\
lwk-n\v Fm `mh--fp-ap-v. AXn\v a\-n Nnmi-nbpw kw`-hn-p-p.

7. k "Gh' P] tImSyw \mZ-a\p `hXn Ghw

khw lwk- h -i m- mtZm Zi- h nt[m Pbm- t X,
NnWoXn {]Yax Nnn-WoXn ZznXob-x Lm-\m-ZkvX r-X obx iwJ-\ m-Z Xpx ]a kv{Xo
\mZx jjvT-kvXme \mZx k]vXtam thWp-\mZx
Ajv Stam arZw-K-\mZx \htam t`co-\mZx Zitam
taL-\mZx \haw ]cn-XyPy Zita ta hm`y-tk-Xv.

8. {]Ya NnnWn Km{Xw ZznXotb Km{X `RvP\w

XrXotb tJZ\w bmXn NXpt ItX incx
]ta {khtX Xmep-j -j vT - arX \ntj-h- w.
k]vXta KqV-hn-m\w ]cm hmNm-X-Ym-jvSta
AZriyw \hta tZlw Znhy Np-m-aew Ziaw
]caw {_ `thXv {_m kn[u Xkvan
at\m hneo-btX a\kn k-ev]h
- n-Ievt] ZKvt[
]pWy-] mt] kZm-i nhx iymm kh-{Xm-h nXx kzbw tPymXn iptm _ptm \ntXym
\nc-RvP\x imx {]Im-iX CXn. Hmw. thZ-{]-hN\w thZ {]h-N\
- a
- n-Xn.

Hm-as \mZ-{]-`m-h-m icocw Npdp-Np-dp-p-Xm-bn-o-cpw. cm-a-t-Xn-\m Km{X-`wKw kw`-hnpw. aqm-a-t-Xn-\m hnbp-m-Ipw. \mem-at- -Xn\m incx-I-\w; Am-at- -Xn-\m Xmep-hn \nv
Cu lwkw tImSn P]n-p-tm AXn\v \mZ- ns
{kmhw; Bdm-a-t-Xn Aar-X-hjw; Ggm-at- -Xn
A\p-`-h-ap-m-Ip-p. Cu kIe \mZ-fpw lwk-n-\KpV-hn-m\w; Fn ]cm-hmNw; H]-Xn icocw
[o-\-am-W.v Ah ]p-hn- [-am-W.v Hm-a-tXv NnWn; cmAZr-iy-am-m- \p Ignhv; AtXmsS Znhy-Zr-jvSn- bpw. ]ma-tXv NnnWn; aqm-a-tXv Lm-\mZw; \mem-aa-t-Xn-\m ]c-{_--m-\w. Atm a\v lwktXv iwJ-\mZw; Am-at- Xv X{o-\mZw; Bdm-an ebn-p-p. kev] hnI-ev]- a\-n hnebw
tXv Xmf-\mZw; Ggm-a-tXv thWp-\mZw; Fm-a-tXv
{]m]n-m ]m] ]pWy-\miw; Atm lwkw kZm-inharZw-K-\mZw H]-Xm-at- Xv t`co-\mZw; ]m-at- Xv
cq-]n-bm-bn, kzbw tPymXnx kzcq-]a
- mbn \nXy-\n-cR
- vP\
- taL -\mZw; Ch-bn BZys H]Xpw Dt]-nv
ambn {]mIm-i-a-b-am- bn-o-cp- p-shv thZ-n ]d-bp- p.
]m-a-tXv am{Xw A`y-kn-W
- w.
lwtkm-]\
- n-jv kam-]n-p.