9

,
,
.

.
, .
.

: , , : ,
. : Goodman (1980). Introduction to rock mechanics

9.1


,
, . ,

, ( 17) .

.
.
.
,
, , .

1. .
Yiouta, et al. (2011).

9.2
,
Kirsch. , ,
.
.

9.2.1

(=1)

. .
, ,
.

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2.

i. .
, Kirsch
. ,
,
.
ii. . :
1
1
2
= ( + ) + ( ) cos 2 = 0 1 1 2 21
2
2
0 1
2
1

( 1)
= cos 2 ( ) sin 2 = 0 1 2 21
0 1
2
1
1
12
12 = 12 + 12 ; 1 = tan1
0 = 1 ; 12 02 = 2 1 2
1

, :

2
1 2 21

1
0
=
< tan ; = 0
2

1 1 2 21
0 1

(2)

(16) pi x1
. ,
. :
|0 | > 90
( 3)

8m po=5MPa. h1 =2m

j=30.
() tan j x1-x0=4m.
,

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() , .
() .

()

42

2 tan1 21

+ 22
=
< tan ; = 0
tan ( ) =
42
1

1
1 (1 0) 2
2 tan 2
1 + 22
(1 0)

12

()
()

iii. . :
1
1
2
( + ) + ( ) cos 2 = 0 1 1 2 22
2
2
0 2
1
2
= cos 2 ( ) sin 2 = 0 1 2 22
2
0 2

2
22 = 22 + 22 ; 2 = tan1
2
=

( 4)

, :

2
1 2 22
0 2

( 5)
=
< ; = 0

1 1 2 22
2
0

( 19) pi x2
.
, .

, h2 =5m
.
() tan j x1-x0=7m.
() .
() , , .

()

42
2 tan1 22
5

+ 52
tan ( ) =
=
< tan ; = 0
42
2

1
(1
1 0) 2
2 tan

52
2 + 52
(1 0)

22

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9.2.2 , =0.2.

.
i. .
, Kirsch,
, .
=0.2<3, ,
.

3.

4.

ii. 45
Kirsch
:
0
2
0
2
4
( 6)
= = 1.2 1 + 2 ; = = 0.8 1 + 2 2 3 4
2

, :
2
4
1
+
2

2
4 < 1 = 2 < ; = 0
2
( 7)
=

2
3
1+ 3
1+ 2

( 21) j 2/3,
.
.

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8m po=5MPa
K=0.2. 45,
j=30.
() tan j 4m .
() , .
() , .

()

42
44

2 1 + 2 2 3 4
tan ( ) =
=
42
3
1+ 2

()

( 8)

()
iii.
, ,
. , =0.2<1/3 ,
Kirsch, .
. ,
.
.
( . 5) :

13

= 0 1 + 2 = 0 =
=
=

1 +
2

( 9)

q .
2R, h .
:
1 3 1 3 0.2
=
=
=1

2
2 0.2

. ,
,
.

,
j=30.
() tan j 4m ,
.
()
() , .

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() , ,

() :
1 3 0.2
=
=1
4
2 0.2
, h 4m.
()

9.3

.
, .
,
.

9.3.1

,
. , j
j cj , .

(Goodman, 1980) j, . 21
j.
.
,
.

5.
,

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9.3.2

po Kpo, , Kirsch:
{ = } = 0 [(1 + ) + 2 (1 ) cos 2]

( 10)

= 180 + ; = 180 +

( 11)

,
, j ,
, :

, .
cj j Mohr-Coulomb,
( ),
:
(1 3 ) =

2 + 3 tan

1 sin 2

( 12)

, 1 , 3
pb, j ( )
, :
( ) =

2 + tan

1 sin 2

> =

0; <

1 2 2
1 +

( 13)

( 14)

, pb
. pb<<,
. (=1),
, :
j=45 + j/2

1 450 + 2 2
=

1 + 450 + 2

( 15)

, 1, j,
. , . cj=0,
( 27) :
1 3 :
tan
3
=
;
+ ;

2
2

( 16)

2 4 :

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3
; 2 ;

2
2

. ,
j 1 , :

= 1 + + 2 (1 ) 2
0

( 17)

8m po=5MPa.
, j=30.
() .
() .
() .

()
()

()

1 ( 3.2.1)

,
. =-30, j=40
cj=0. .

2 ( 3.2)

21 . : 200m,
, 45, cj=0 j=30o. :
. .
.
.
. .

Brady BHG and Brown ET (1985). Rock Mechanics for Underground Mining, Chap. 8.4, pp. 214-222,
George Allen & Unwin, London.
Goodman RE (1980). Introduction to rock mechanics, Wiley.
Sofianos AI, Kapenis AP and Tsoutrelis CE (1995). Underground voussoir rock beams with large
deflections, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Mechanics of Jointed and Faulted
Rock, Vienna, pp. 639-643.

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10

Sofianos AI (1996). Analysis and design of an underground hard rock voussoir beam roof, Int. J. Rock
Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., Vol.33, No.2, pp.153-166.
Sofianos AI and Kapenis AP (1998). Numerical evaluation of the response in bending of an underground
hard rock voussoir beam roof, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., Vol.35, No.8,
pp.1071-1086.
Sterling RL (1980) The ultimate load behaviour of laterally constrained rock beams, 21st US Symposium
on Rock Mechanics, pp.533-542.
Wright FD (1974). Design of roof bolt patterns for jointed rock,
Department of Commerce.

Bureau of Mines, N.T.I.S., U.S.

Yiouta-Mitra P, Sofianos AI (2011). The elusive load transference of stratified rock roof, ASCE Conf.
Proc., Geo-frontiers 2011, Advances in Geotechnical Engineering, 13-16 March 2011, Dallas,
Texas USA.
Yiouta-Mitra P, Steiakakis C, Merziotis D, Nomikos PP, Sofianos AI (2011). Ionia Odos: Tunnelling
through undisturbed anisotropic flysch formation, 1st Scientific Congress on Tunnels and
Underground Structures in South-Eastern Europe, Using Underground Space, 7-9 April 2011,
Dubrovnik, Croatia.

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