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1 Issued As Technical Report No. SWCC RDC) - 27 in June, 1993: Fig. 1 Fig. 1
1 Issued As Technical Report No. SWCC RDC) - 27 in June, 1993: Fig. 1 Fig. 1
Hydrazine and sodium sulfite are the most widely used chemical oxygen scavengers
for boiler feed water. Though sodium sulfite reacts with dissolved oxygen at a faster
rate even at low temperatures it increases the dissolved solids in boiler water and
causes loss of thermal energy due to the requirement of increased frequency of blow
downs to reduce the solid contents. Decomposition of sodium sulfite also becomes
significant at boiler pressures above 950 psig and hence not used in high pressure
boilers. In comparison hydrazine does not contribute to the dissolved salt contents of
the boiler water. Hydrazine is slightly volatile but starts to decompose to ammonia at
1 Issued as Technical Report No. SWCC RDC)-27 in June, 1993
923
high temperatures reducing its efficiency as oxygen scavenger. In comparison with
sodium sulfite hydrazine reacts with oxygen slowly and the kinetics of reaction
increases as temperature increases.
Hydrazine may be lost from the boiler water by a variety of reactions as shown below:
(a) In the presence of oxygen,
N2 H 4 + O 2 -------------> 2 H2O + N2 (1)
(b) At high temperature or in the presence of catalysts:
3N2H4 ----------> N2 + 4NH3 (2)
Or
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During a prolonged period of Jan. 89 to June, 92, boilers #66 and 86 in Phase-II A
and B, respectively, were under long term preservation. Periodic analysis of the boiler
water revealed a dramatic drops in hydrazine concentrations. Frequent addition of
hydrazine was required to maintain its concentration at the required level. Fig. 1
indicates the variation of hydrazine level in boiler #66 during this period. Despite
frequent topping up with fresh addition of hydrazine (indicated by arrows in Fig. 1.
loss of hydrazine continued to occur. Analysis revealed the presence of ammonia in
substantial quantities in the boiler water.
The incidence caused serious concern as hydrazine is not expected to show such rapid
925
alternative measures. R&D Center has subsequently conducted a series of tests
using bench top experimental set up. The details of the tests and the results are
described below:
PENDAHULUAN
Hidrazin dan natrium sulfit adalah yang paling banyak digunakan pemulung oksigen
kimia
untuk air umpan boiler . Meskipun natrium sulfit bereaksi dengan oksigen terlarut
pada lebih cepat
Tingkat bahkan pada temperatur rendah akan meningkatkan padatan terlarut dalam
air boiler dan
menyebabkan hilangnya energi panas karena kebutuhan peningkatan frekuensi
pukulan
downs untuk mengurangi isi padat . Dekomposisi natrium sulfit juga menjadi
signifikan pada tekanan boiler diatas 950 psig dan karenanya tidak digunakan
dalam tekanan tinggi
boiler . Sebagai perbandingan hidrazin tidak memberikan kontribusi isi garam
terlarut
air boiler . Hidrazin sedikit stabil tetapi mulai terurai menjadi amonia di
1 Tahun sebagai Laporan Teknis No SWCC RDC ) -27 pada bulan Juni 1993
923
suhu tinggi mengurangi efisiensi sebagai pemulung oksigen . Dibandingkan dengan
natrium sulfit hidrazin bereaksi dengan oksigen perlahan-lahan dan kinetika reaksi
meningkat dengan meningkatnya suhu .
Hidrazin dapat hilang dari air boiler dengan berbagai reaksi seperti berikut:
( a) Dengan adanya oksigen ,
N2 H 4 + O 2 ------------- > 2 H2O + N2 ( 1 )
( b ) Pada suhu tinggi atau dengan adanya katalis :
3N2H4 ---------- > N2 + 4NH3 ( 2 )
atau
2N2H4 ------------- > N2 + 2NH3 + H2 ( 3 )
( c ) Dengan adanya oksida logam ,
N2H 4 + 6 Fe 2O 3 ------------ >> 4 Fe3O4 + 2 H 2O + N 2 ( 4 )
N2H4 + 4 Cu O ----------- > 2 Cu 2O + 2 H2O + N2 ( 5 )
Mengingat beberapa kelemahan natrium sulfit dan hidrazin seperti dicatat
atas berbagai amina semua menguap seperti hidroksilamin dietil ,
cyclohexylamine ,
morpholine dan beberapa film amina seperti octadecylamine telah berhasil
digunakan untuk tekanan tinggi perawatan air boiler .
Sejak tahun 1982 di semua boiler di bawah operasi di Tahap - II SWCC Desal / Listrik
tanaman di Al Jubail , hidrazin telah berhasil digunakan sebagai scavenger oksigen
dengan