Applying the Precautionary Principle

to Nutrition and Cancer

35 grams of dairy protein

400 mg calcium supplement

Breast Cancer
All Cancers

11%
19%

51%
21%

50 grams of processed meat

21%
28%

Cruciferous vegetables
High intake of fruits
Carotenoid vegetables

30%

Natural soy foods

27%

Tomato products
Western diet

30%

32%

2 to 3 glasses of alcohol

120 grams of red meat

18%

60%

Prostate Cancer

2 glasses of milk

Increases Risk

Colorectal Cancer

Daily Intake

Gastric Cancer

Decreases Risk

200%

Healthful Lifestyle

Note: Cancer risk factors are calculated from studies cited in the 2014 review. We recognize different studies will yield different results.
Source: Gonzales JF, Barnard ND, Jenkins, DJ, Lanou, AJ, Davis B, Saxe G, Levin S. Applying the Precautionary Principle to Nutrition and Cancer.
J Am Coll Nutr. Published online May 28, 2014. doi:10.1080/07315724.2013.866527.