of Open and ce Education Management Process and Organizational Behaviortoe ays . opt © Spb an Sigh, 20 ETRE cue ht ti in my ein i st ay am shoe ip be einer te greece rw “eosin meme nee rings pig he ol uy ein a oe i a 8 a a st fea Ieee ha ne tes apn af ye og Ae ‘hag nt sae in ore pba, tony cet ye iste Pid by ‘re Bula PLChapter 6 Chapiee 7 ‘Management Sytem and Drewes voon of Mangere Toughis Mage Skis Ses Reon of Manage ‘dostaning and Managing Invi Behvioer Pencaity Peron Percept Pres and Managerial Impiations of Perception ‘Wasa Aries Leaning Indl Deion Making and Prob Sling ‘dang and Manging Grosp Processes Inerersona and Group Behaviour Leadsip = Aprasks and Sees Matton Conca its Thais ‘Arpeson of Fedo! Tneigence in Orgnization Mening sd Deteiuts of Orginal Betuvioer Onin and Organon Saute Linen St Coie Wor Suess and Sess Managem 5 Orpnizaton Change & Developmers Crgainaonl Confit ants Diasions CONTENTSCHAPTER 1 MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND PROCESS: TEARNING OBJECTIVES Ate studying he age ou shoul be able ‘© Define management and it nate ‘6 Point ot dine uve maraemen and administration 6 Lise various ations of mangement INTRODUCTION Managment i apiable vero and ba become they sce in th modem word very ngnizaon rags making o sco, comin of wes, handing of people ud contd of epeiatio ied tvar ojeiver Nereour tives have hi speci ‘byes of mange pobre and wre dncued under such hetigs a farm manages, ‘unagement of alts delivery seems eho! management ble emer marae, Imufting manage, pcduchonroersion mangencat ender. Allavecran lees {ncommon, Tis boo summaries ome of essences ad cn of anagem {het ae fda ves pplestons ‘Cargo an import fentre of od ogiaions which re managed a ope 5st. ‘Sigufican change tke plac ingot esonomi tecesogia plea asi ‘enlronneoof moten rps none to kp pc withthe changes evry oriztion ‘cues infomation ome extra cnvromenandenare hey eganzaon envonme Imfce. Cee cat changes sch a revoion infomation chelgy, eaiaton of conon, tend oval lobslaon of enon, growth of ligation crpentios, ee Five edhe ele porns fer manager To aeve secon aging, mage ‘mms hives taoughlnowiedg of mangement ince, pails and ehaiues nd poses hls f del with evita ees ete DEM (ANAGI Ihisvery dicta ge aprecie memingofthetern ‘Menage’ ne msnagement tte tee Sad lage noir of Sto of management ven by difleet unas: Howeves te ‘iteren vewjoas nay be sed int the following eateries, ame @ Maagusee wa ato sting things doe 6 Macageess aa proces Manage aa gop of manger, (0), Managonet aa dscplioe ‘Management asan Art of Getting Things Done Mar Pie Fol find manaenent 8 “beat of geting thing doo hugh ces Ti Cetnion emphasizes ha ie mangers ackovexgszaonl ojetvesy geting work done ‘rough te workers cepeset etdonl view of mageoent ude whch Works ae resid ar astro proficon only. This dentin is nome nthe poset comet, 1 (eens flows: (0) This einoni vogue ids tiny thefoneion bch manager a perme vo get eul Fom aes, (2) Iegvesteimpression ofthe maniplive characte of epic of anagem.Sinan a © Thecmplayes ae mere ented anes for etn esate wot, ton isikeacog inte whl This defo gosh ned th workers ted dost fer them ma ent ‘Te concep of geting tings one though hers fuer depicts ta managements ns of “oneway' ta, The woes suposed go whaeer bey sel adh bve ay {he oeintion Such ew amet aseptically whe de pec we ete nave faith in demexracy, Therefore, the employes hold ot be weeds mee comoy ‘rmeanso achieve cern ends The ced snd spinon scald been popes eset, "They maz bested caste mina coon forte lize of ogni oe ‘Tis, management is cen more han just geting hogs done tough oes. Kay bf viowed as a geniqu of geting things done rough oes by saifhing ik ees nd proving the opprunits for growth a avanceen I spp to que Hach ont who deed management te a of geting tings dove tho and wth eg Ferma organi groups the sf ring an evitenmeatn which people ca em es indvidals and yt cooperate twas asset of rp pa. Fre, managing ils ‘cain functions och planing cranzatin, aig, ang ed eonoing. ‘Management as a Process Accor to Mera, "Managements hat proces by which mangers cre det mini and operate puposive organization tough Sytenat, corn and cooperave han ‘te This ton pve us an eg abot Wat he mangers do, hah it des ay ow ‘heen penltresofte ysis fon of mangement ‘Hale Feel veied management sa proces cnsning of ve functions which vey miner ‘pits "To mange feast an pla, orgie to command, to coeds, conta" However, modem athos 4 oot vew coorination a «separ faction of !mangime They consider ithe eece of managing ‘Te poss of maragement involves the detention of objectives and puting the ino ‘so. Inte words George Tony, Management ise ditt poss cris tvs of nang. rganizng, acting and controling. perfomedidetemine and second objetves wih we of man beings and other sources” This defen cea iBaties four funtion of minageet Bit morn en sto chy maar enc lt fve ‘ares sing orgie.) aang) tigen ending a (Deonling: Aeshown nF, th six Msn and women humsa sou) mata, chines. eed, moi api) and mus ae wed by management fo rouse ths goods an evs ei y te, oxy, ‘The emesis of laagemect ar si follows: 6 Phin mn doin tins a BS ait nes desea vacate watt fede, w inden (©) Onis tas een of itso eel ot oping of sine ‘tite nd aon of epiens Orpaon so les ceaomf ety {of responsi lop eno te eee. (© Seating: inves mayowe puna. epee of ps adhe bing ‘persia eeraon cn (0), Directing: tsa ey oad eto conc we inerpeonal ats. aces ‘omni with aborts, roving th Kade nd eign. (©) Controling: i refers ocompurng the aca perfomance with he plans or cad ‘Goes eps arian whee the acl efor ot pf te mkagent Fos ote Te co Seen ——— fs in lara (fhesiems esr oateg Se aan Canin igre I The Management Proce Why is Management called a Process Management ste proces bicns it come Series of fants tat ed othe iceman of coe sets As shown a Fue 2 tcc oes consiting of ‘Sming, ogi fing, ecting td consoling, When amg reset ast ps rman jo doce nt end hee. He wl ages sat wih amin onthe tai of his ‘Dhaai a epic and i proton abot he tue: One en sty ht = anna ‘Thlesuc oly won the job planningir over wlleet ny when ie stage orang JGompe In pte, a manager ins ao hese ants smlaneousy wo ache the ‘sed objectives, Tas mmagenent is a =verendng poe. ‘igure 2 Management sa Continuoas Process ‘Asa proces, managment hs tro oe ers @ Management as a Continuous Proces: It does not stop anywhere, When a maser ‘ead ts ue ep, i, cote Bob does acd er. Away, ew pi sts ‘Sin pangs tbs fis ps verona expenenealongvithis preci et te ft, (@)Thefuneto ot ansgeentareInterdepndnt and ntereated: Tee sn tation Troan neon shot da rovsia Figure 2. Moreover atl pacts, ‘foci orip seqcae ofthe nce of napesn. Every manager hs pros (bese fanuots snanesywacieve th objectives his unk. “Management as a Group of Managers “Tre wa ‘managenzt equ wed to denote = gp of manger p=soae Whe ot ‘Distt manga fh comptny i very efile, cs imple ht th eons who ‘anu snerncti ofthe ompeny every ft. Thas managenet th body OE ‘Sper tic pss ceva manag aetions othe ecrpliahmeet of pees fouls Ths peoples individual own manage” si ‘Amaage a nen who pres the manager onions of sing, xpi, stg, ‘aane cosconcling ce x manager eons te managerial incu, besamamberof {fe munageman Ued tn sense management uy be ferme aa he eoup of mses ‘Riel Bari tn, he em ranagameet ised wo devote the tp managonen of be aa icitbe op mangemone nich cones win oe Seninton, sencle ‘amin, poly famliion an ove conto he orpanixon. nine yes‘Management as a Discipline Managenot hasten ily cogrznd as dcp or fe fey. stant asa specie ‘ranch of knowledge In edueatna insttuons. Ara lé of sty, the soot las ‘managment cones, grin ecaigus and sil, Manage i « multisepinay iin ehss dws Bes fom Antropoiog. Pyle, Secaingy, et After ening | iplomaor dete nmanageent a person can Wy fr + mantra ‘Manageneat is bothan ar ond sins. The owed, il, ectniges a pine which ‘managers ein mnaging at broly fered arte ele rangement epee os smarts pefrianc of managerial fans ques corn il wich arora psesion Magentis tcoaized asa sence bee tas developed cert pps, ‘sera and tecniqes which ave mar ot les nivel speaton That sw its ‘aephtin nies and ferns sa ipl. Asa iin icons of apes ‘nay of kowledge which the dees of management ay. Ths i ne sys tha ei ‘dent of management obvios dt be i saying a partcul eld of eaming NATURE OF MANA T Manage i din’ atvyhavig te foloing sites o lara: 1. BeomieResore: Mangement sa port coe sure together wi ln, labor wd caps ndstlaon grow, he ned fer manager increases. Eisen ‘menage the msec pate sco ay re rp actly as ‘he foe which asenbles and imepras oars poduton ame, abour ai ‘nd terials Inptsf aor capil ed maria ont yee ese yoo, ley requ estat of mangement podee gods and series eyed by Se ‘ck Tos, mamgetea ian exalt fe ratizaton, 2 Gost Oriented: Manage sa purposeful svi, Kcorates th eas of verers 'oahieve te golf he rgzzaon. The ccs f mangement sere ye ‘xe white egmiatonal gelare achieve. Risnpoaive that tcrgnaona goals mas be wel dita prope unersond by the manapr a au vl Distinct Proce: Management is a dat proces consntng of such fniins as pinning. orp stalin, iriny a ceovling These fiction re soinervoved thats ot possible to ay down eat he sequence of aus ectons or hele ae ‘eifcance. lasers, the pcs of management inves decion making se ting deci no practic, ‘Integrative Fore: The sens of management integration human andthe resus to stieve he dsined objectives. All hve suns ae mae sale toe whe ‘manage, Managers apt knovp, expences anagenent riper for tig ‘he rol fos the wks by te wef rohan eons, Managers sh ck mize inivius ols wih organiatnal goals forthe oath rng ts ‘xz 5 tntngble Fore: Managemt hasbeen alld an nse ce, piace seine byte eu of ees deine, infamed employees, bya sp and joe ork wpa. Ts, fing of management ie ered. One may Sot Wk te ‘aod eye the anctoning of maragemat but trem sr prety Ann, Pe fo ema ofthe efetventss ( netetene) of manage the as ef ed ut altowgh, ey cat obser ding pean, © Results through Others: The manage cannot do evrything emsces. They mst have he cesar wily and silt pt wort accomplished tr te is of “chet. They mst tae the rds fr he compen of assed tem, 1 ASélentind an Art Menapeneat san tga boty okaedgeconining vel ein concep, cn nd ecaigues which hae we epieaton, So tated ‘8 cence, Te apliction ofthese concept, pics and letmiges recesels krowege nd sill on he art of he mange, Sins teil eid bya ‘mao at penton poseson agent viewed a a a. 4 SystemotAuoriy: Mnegereat satan of meg repent aye of aut ‘ra hierhy of command and consol. Manges a feet levels poses varying decor which gos penal eared you go downin thir, Ane ‘tables the manages to peor the atone ety, 9. -Moltiepinr Subject: Manage Bas flown fi of say (Le sipin) ‘aking he eof 0 many ther dspines sch Engineering, Anioylo. osslogy snd Pyclog, Mich fhe manager tear the re ofthe won of hee ‘tsitines. Fr insnce, oda eentton dew inion fom la "aging and bunasslioneoeato ron Psychology, Sia, Socksngy a ‘erations Reseach hve si contd 1 th dept of management since, 1 Universal Appcaton: Masigenents universal carer The itil nd cigps ‘of shanagenex are equally applicable ine Hels of busines, ection, aay, ‘ovement an hop, Heb Fyol suggested tat pines ee wng adn ‘which ae lexie and capable of adaption by every oration eee fos of ‘human bins ar oe soos ‘MANA = A SCIEN N ART ‘Managements one tobe eognzad as sien recently. Prior is the the oss of managenent wasnt spt ratize and expec Was On wa equi th sil of managing Be ow managenent as been given oe shpe of eguized body of knowledge by the manegenent pestoner and malas, This organo body of rowing hs sown istic ound nd els of sty Is lye ening ational aprcch othe development of mas for scomplhng cele gol Ta is why smanagerem ale sence As a Science ‘Science Is w stem xgasand toy of knowledge bcd ov ope fangs ad ext ips andi capbl of vernon. ia reer of fades tha i inns ‘ply sy inal th stuatons. The generation ae made cm ts bs of epi staies ‘do thy may be pls ntl. Any subj which is sekeauely developed nd asi subject sald have the foowing chance: © Weshous havea systemtzed body of koowledge incu concent principles and tere. stool have metodo sae agi |G Te should esubish ease and fat aon. (i), We penis tule veib (0) sald enn redone ress, (9) sould hove sivas apsion. ‘teach dese hat anagencot has systema body of knowl esinng it Sd Bt management is rota exact a seine as oer ply sene Ike Astronomy, Pi, (Chemist, Biology, at, ae. The main reson othe iets of since of manage ideas wih be pple anit very ilo pric he behavour ace. Since si roses fal in tear “Soak Scenes” Mansgornt ir nivel pheomeae, {etter and pncpes may produce diferent eu in dere sations Mangsoen 5 behavioural scorn I inp and ten station bond cee of ich he let vs nor neces a tbe Same SUS eer ie. Tl Wy, este Ieled manigenen ‘a sceneangen nc a Srmataed Baar Asan Art Ass th inging aout sired rei cough he apleation oil. icone wi the “lication of Kaowedge adsl If cence et an at pace Saed tert, Slee to sek Knowle and ato apply wade, Tha, ana asthe feng ‘estes 6) Wate petsna eile pte fit of aren ety (@ signi prs now: (Thee inshiving cone esl (i) Migcrasve insane, vey mmr aso apply corn aoe nd kl wl deaing wi be peoplto moe ‘he deed est Managemon ion of mot esti a ae rege vast oleae ‘ler inating nating, peeing dinars invesiono gases, technigors and cess. Weldig and moulding the bebavoorof people at waik cowards ‘chiveent of cerain gol in changing eavioament an afte highest ote AS, ‘menage cl fora conor of abies, sl and jen! and a coatnwous pace of ‘Parapet cose oo esp. ‘A maniges isa at becuse he spies te Snowlege puted rom he sty of save of| ‘management formnaginghomsn and ober mscue.A eon cnt bclled aang ithe ‘ocr ot ave he lo apply the Knog of managerat. Th, angie dos iol {hose of knowhow and ls fre eevee of conse el Lea a managenent Ince nde sense hat managers cree new cones pate fr ther improvement, ‘Toe crenvemanagrs ak hs happen. Flom he shove dun, ecu sy that management both a sience and an at Ts oniered x scnco bese i as an opuaizal body of knowlege which ena ct Unlere th I ln cl ant Berase maagig reqs ceca kis whch eth ermal pmson of he mange. Ske provides the kaowlege about cera ings and ar teaches od cert ings te tplemon of rowed sed ils Fer isis, sai dose args th wegen ‘eri, logy sad story, butts knowlge des not mak him god pein eka to sgply is knowlog intl Hi lin pers hs! td when tes Kovledge 5S vey lnparaat to make him a good physician. Simla manager to be sss mst segue the knowledge of sence of manugemet and ls een py his knows. A ‘ana sou bean spl scons. He should possess nt oly specializes oes of| management, tio the kl 0 pot his Knowedpe into practice, Justo dor un is owls eae he pte unger sould ae i les to ore the probes in managing mente, schines, hod many. eho bon pty remark hat management she let of st and youngest of soot. ‘Management is 8 od he ciation. Bu i emergence ase sete el fey is comparatively ne ‘MANAGEMENT ~ AN EMERGING PROFESSION ___ “Tne prtesnsls jy high stu i ove scenic dese ol potsin Bh Imei, hare nortan engineering an nw Thee bas bea a growing wend twas rofsionalaion of management pemarly, boc te dese of bss ade rsa {A pofsin may be defied as an sccapsion backed by specie Knowledge and ting, ‘se coe of enti regaled y «profesional bey and which is uly vcognledby be ‘oc The hve egiremens of prefeson are lows: |. Knowledge: A substan and éxpanding boy of knowledge and information inthe monroe2 Competent Aplcaton: Skit wd jutsu itn of rawloge in he slton of ‘cutple alinporant problem. Therese eden od tsning nthe specie ad 1° Profesional Body: Regula no the poson ad cons: member yt spective bad, ‘Sal Control: An esti code of conde efor by th profession's meen ‘Soci Resposity: rary ett eit serve oes an hecommany. Community Approval Reson rofsions stats by he society Does management tthe tt ofa profession? The plist ft sbve st orci © Speciatand Kiowa: Thin exis rapid expanding toy of nope went fel of management Sine the beeing fis ea, many takes oe management Inne contd tthe Hof mutagen Now we av erin body of owe that an be ose fer the developeat of managers. Macageeat is widely aig a the ‘neste an ther esaonal none seein. ® Competent Appleton Education and Traaing: MBAS ae generally pete for ‘manager job tough MBA éepe sn necestary to et his poeton Persons ‘een, gg oy emp Tt ‘Senos alien or mange. i) Mange Son ena y Tal Fr Mand Tess ange ice cnn ago management ls tho oral ection td ting, Many inst of mnagement have ben fntoing in Inna ter coves whi er (MBA and ee coerce In manage. (i) Profesional ody? Fer the repatio fy profstion te exiseen ofa eresetatve ‘ya mst For examp he nti ofChareed Aecountants faye down ts stunars of encaon waiting or tose who Want emer be eboetingpofesion. Some agacuatons soc a he Indian Manigeweat Associaton aed he All adi ‘Management Aetocaton have Hon se op in Ii Bist ne of tare ave any Ia ‘surly oper minum qualiietns fer king up anager postr oes ‘hecondct of manage is th case With the Medel Coun of Ina ad Ba Coan finda (0) SatContrl a Code of Cont very profession mst baves cle of ondt wich precribe nore of rofssional tics ora meer Burs vena ep ‘Src of con ferthe pacing manages. The Al nda Management Assocation hs restbd oe formanege, bu ths no power tak acon psn any manager who (ons not low tice (0) Soca Respnsity: Manag of ty coin ti oi spss towards uses, wets and ote ou, Te actos ae infacone by soil ns ard "ales. Thats why. manages exjoy a especable postin inthe sci sis tbe case wi oso charred scout, (i) Society's Apo The managers of mot orsnioions ej respect a th soci ‘Thre ply 8 potiv comeltion between a manage’ nk apd tus the ‘gn wre e working. Thi satus rd fe the manager's ats oui ‘he orzo, Ts, community ppoves mankgeme a profesin. 1 si preps to classy managment os a profesion. By al be Beach macs, the frofewionaon of management il far fan solo. mows above cree of rofesion ony pally a ss below (® Though manage! hss wel defied aly of owed, is i say whather ‘managemeat aos tection of emptet apa. sot bite to poses ‘cf ulations or ting sponds a mange Dot acoso 0 yada it Las Stl te pston wih he mde posson, Edsetioa wd ‘rig in ungenest reals geting smporaane da by yi i nds wu.Sri Bead (Tere sno pofesizel Ady to rege te edictnal nl ining stn the manages, For insuoe, ther Bx Coane fra o epee ofesion i ‘toging toe tht management sitions rowing fiat ae Pc 1s expected tha hy wl eae f develop poms of eaiour forthe pactng (a) Management does no sty the sof scoot a tee wo cx boy © ay lowes and enforce pelea suns and cleo snd or fh amg This. ‘may te cone thn! mangement ds not afi sl he oguremens of oleic. ‘heeft tbe ul eogtzed asa prfssion Hower, is moving in tat dton case 1 The ld of mangament x mpport by a welded body of knowledge tact be ‘ugh and ea. (© Mangement of moder erasizatons ries comps appiton of manegmect ire, etnigues and els Ths tees rete foal edn and ing, [mansgenen That i why, th demand Yr managenen dress lensing apy Manages ar war of ies socalesponsbie aris aus groups of he ie, Indians ey ae gied by tic igo ruber tan pena nges |... x= ———t—t—s™ Prepare en signet |. "Every Manager feds pio iste fn pefoming dinrtve management ances rd he enaning tine oe operative managment fincas” ‘Sopp tis semet elboraely and state the difecace between management tod eiitaon Professionalisation of Management in India “Teri song ct frpoesonltion of management nln bea of he flleving Proesonlston wil dt th dts a espestis of managers pec. This il lp in ying down nda of testo an ing er fate ange )Proesonalston wold inpovese uae of asagemeat education ising Mere leiden danse Young pons wold be traced 0 ap manag aoe )Proesonaton woul elp a epateg he condo peso manage This ould sng che acces byte ergaicatns ()Prfeonssaton of mangement won mprove the stats nd peste ef mana t would remove te impresion fa mages a intreed ely a maiming west of shold. They Would be see eau! of change in the sono (©) Busines eavronmeat in ftue wil Be more challeegag Because of enolic Irovatons, abt cng esac plies fhe prema i of lial ‘cpontions and incrazng como 00 theft of sons and werk, Oni ‘the profesional mages Would oslo oma such changes. Besides the above factors, wo more factors hive conributed to the move tonards ofesinalaion of management in Ind, Fit te growth of private cr ts bie ase tan hat ofthe bsiness aes conving abt ace fut of he pvt ser Seely, {he row othe pli sera ven an nou plac tothe poesia anager nthe Jindal ene ru by oe Goverment. i tms come be elie ia Inia that manaeien sky ator te develope the ovoay. Soil and econeaie tanformation Ie akg pleat very apd speed The ‘eaectation ofthe perl fom the bases have changed sd hey hae fou the wpecapes tir expecttions, People und hl elt rpesentaives have mide te business ‘sterpises udestal esc biigaions. No buss xis cen perform i sci gto ues its mange by prfesion masters Moreover, manage find testers fas Became avery campen jb beats of umber of factors nang ugh compet nthe mak, growth of ace wien maven nea Iteray ee of te ‘or, anne paricpton of Government in hines Al ae tr ave given Way ‘oe proesoato of tansgeent no cot. Formal eatin and tring in nanagument is bela ipard othe ens vain verses and insu. "hs Insite of Chartered Marageest Asrocinton hs lo eet stblihed forth berchmaking ef nanagznet dae and develope ie managers ‘The company form of basness organization hs gained popula, Toe divorce Dewees suanageene and onerp of cesparies ts need the aed fr prfsind manag [enti omer-nniged companies aed oe ene employ profesional managersbesast ote specie Inevleige oud in manag eileen ares otis ke prod, ‘nce, eee rheige-Ishr, en eth professor magne inna Isassue baat wil sat alte lento prfesson in be ete, The sole) his a std rcoprine manegeneat a profs, IWsapiy tht managment developmen progam by the scaled manage! istintes ve een ery est Ques avert ander ie swpapn sad profess Jonrae evi te -actsng manage exces to patsy in sth progres, The fee witintherangec R20, 00s 5000-frsome popannesoffauro veda wich veo in ive ar ots. Nal he pares ze dz frm ig rnin which py fer the ees Incused by tr epoyes in asending sich pga Ii tcl say th tpg ad tr orate a lly beside ral "ecuive Development Pogammes. Thee sar culture” ha evolved the co ofthe sro, work and customer of big busines hoe nthe mame of professonalon fmaragenen MANAGEMENT VS ADMINISTRATION “There ns ee ome ootovesy ove the we of th ms eenageme sinisrn nd “oxazole ote tay be pons ow ht oration sa oer am compe tothe anapeent ess. Te egaizaton faction af mansgetent el With he ion of ‘wrk amor iar, reno of severe of latin tems faut nd epost and nyng down the eae of coommunican. Adebarsis vey olen nso aso wheter area her ta feence beeen ‘manager ad “admisuson. Coeetigwews by vaca store hve edo soe cnfsion ove ee fines tems: eran uo ke Orit Ted, shes, Ove Shldo nd Wii Spe osicvod ainsinon a4 toader activity and management sii, Bat Bish autor ie Beach and Kielland Kimball eonseed anager wider than ‘oinsrain, The lst view is atthe i no dition beeen tet em. Ths, the _oviee no datintin tween hn tes, Te em ‘asegemen is wed for bigher ‘xecate finctens ke determination of police, plnning rgmising, deg and oeolig inthe busines cles whether ‘nso’ sud for te sane eof ‘unctons in te Govermetccl, So the so dlferece between se tes ey ae fis ed terns. “The dsiction btneen management and adnan may’ be facade inte in| ctl ifs isincon ses sepetonas. ven if we azept te disiaction made by Sion ‘or Tend we very cifiatademarcite beten the socal adninitraieand mange Funcvons because he sae sa of perans prt hse actions nox wd aay with he conto, we en clay mangement it ) adminis mangement nd) opertve mmgenet,Adminsraverusagement spar comera ‘ith iging dows ples nd deminaton of ol whee operative msnapemesiscomer ‘th be implementation of te plies fre covenant af goa. Bat bah tse ft, taming of poise ad exciting these pafomnedy the rame so op ofinrials row as manages. Fig. 3 hows hat evr ange spends yr of istine apron bins managed funsoas and te reining ine cooperative management fucioas. However, the miners who ar higher pin the hezchy devote marine on sitive frctions, They ren 2s top management’. ep management deots a major portion of ts nein seein of ‘cts and abng down of polices Manage te aver level ine bechy rte ‘compute sins on ninunseave fenton nde areconernd are wit lot, cctianngandcoeelfenons af manapenn forthe scstensnof onto objective “This approchof viewing the management i mre rcicl because wed oc weed a oepe of feopi dsc dmnistrative wd operative uagensat acon Ifa every mina ‘fon all be manager fenton ough enphusi edie at vss lenBess Set fom eroch ad wit | femme ste eno en pole of eon | eeeaine ing ne | main. ie? 5 econ mating | nmap! ie sal 4 sam Suzette | Ati ee et eh 5. Wane ortem | Me ur ‘managment wit | the em itn it fen “you ase amarager what he does, he will mst Tiel you tate plans ogni, ‘command co-oriates and corals, Thon watch what be des. Then eae what You Sc these five words Explain it elaborately EUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT Minsgenentof nen busines ents a compl proces sey dif fers the el te of th poses witout sing ts vara cat In th proces ranaging ‘mugs proms roe frtons for he aebiveent of re-dtaaaed oteves Many ters aod schol on management ave dacs to fenton of managers. But tee {sno unaniiyareng thm abou he omelet fnstons of mansgeret vas er Fyol wo gave fr ei tine funtoal deitn of manage Accnting 2 i, “To manage is foe nd pen. ore 1 command corti so on "Tn il analyzed the ellowing ve note of management) Forecasts, (4) Organ, (i) Commaning, Gv) Comat, nd () Ce ‘Relph Davis sii ssl ations ito te ito, vi planing, erininng ol ‘fa. He va of the vew tat command a cordaton facie conta a eee, ‘Should be considered a prs fi, However, some maths awe that coon sao ‘parte pation ashe esse f manage Late: Gitte wor PODSCORD tert te uations of managment. Ths wot ism p often of folowing fanetons, easly.) planing, mpeg, i Seng, (Ge) aig, cooing) epaing and) ogting. Ths wean hatte s10| ‘every acnptelasifeton of mane fneson Bul te sane ine its iin {note tha ongh er ix agreement ve he goopug and chseaon of management fincons, thre neal arene ora fons es. Jozegh Mase presse ait of sven freon of managent sane, cision making ‘mami. ing sang, cooling, commuricing snd rest Tey serbed ‘mange int ar fo acs, which planning craig oct. nd onraing Koonts nd Doral ave adopt te allowing lst: planing, orang saling resp nd con ing They hve fur sa, "n practices ots poset pall ‘managerial active ey into hese cape sac he functions ed cone". “Te taiseon foro may lasicaton fron of maragerent i ht difees ashors lscusaed them by staying eiferent organizations. Even if we accep any ae of thee1 Oma! Bear asin, it soul be hp in ind that tes neon are ao inpendest a hey frequrly overlap each tes Howcret, forte purse of ass of management ros, we cm iio the manages fictions ino) planing, 2) egaiing (3) sais, 6) eng nd) contong, These fanctane rebel esrb below Planning “Puna ia metal proces rquing he wx ofall fasts, frsgh and sound udpemet ste deemination ofcourse of ein chive the dened el he ‘electing and elang offs od the aking nd sing of ssuponsregudng te fn the visalatin aod formation of proposed sven taeved neetaryf ahive deed ‘ess. volves ding in advance whsttods, when og, whee to dos hwo doit ed ‘who odo iad bow the rent arto be evlutd, Ts, laning dents he syste hiking about te ways and ean forth accomplishmen peste ajesive, ose cr jets taveto te clare ast eto taking aay ter decom, Gls vie ie Bi for ooking ino the fue and fo etling the perenne withthe preetermied stands Plnsing deste gupbeween where wea to where we want be Ii -aitto ong anything. Systane plaming snc for any busines atv, teri lb owe ia sisi mons, Proper pking i & mst ast efleciyewaaon of man ‘nd non-humesTesouces io achieve the deed gous 1 hast Be done ot ll lee of Imager. The proces of planning iva th flowing step 6 deéinaion of goal bjecvs of the enspse GW frwesing offre cnione alyssa of atematie cous ston (i) eat of varios atetves td foto of plan (0) foaulton of polices and procedures (0) parson of ebdules,poprammes and badge. Organizing ‘Organi isanmportat cv by wich msmagencat veg tpi man sae ‘sures forthe aclevent of pr-dsemindcbjectes Organon bp in easing ‘avons sagt members of the eerie. Te reas re ced ln ers of tutor and responsibilty. Each meri npnzatonaigned gop reson ‘oy fo pelo andi grad he eanesgoning story opvorsisdoy.= {ne word of Loui A. Allen, Opiate involve eniion und groping te aes tmbepeciemed nd viding tem ong tendviil endcreting story nd espe ‘lanships anon thn fhe ccompisheat of gata bjt Th eran Invest determination of aves ob prom, romping teen an sgn ths ‘vos individ and creating suuteof ator and epee amen he ail ‘io athieve te eriatoel gsi Orpaninaton inves te folowing sep (© Wenienion of aves ued ork acer of tjecvesandimplemenaion at ls Groping actives 1 0 xe wll ic jae ) Asigimest of obs employees. (9) Delegation of anoxiy wos, (0) Bombs of ater sespoesbleyraonstipe thoughout the orsrztion Stating ‘The sain fanstion of manngsen! ping o resume sto, wlan, develope, ‘adppasa of ersanoel. Thre isacontovery wher sags afuneton of every mage ‘in the orgaizatin 26ers speci pesomel depute never eget ‘fry manger is concern with management of aman acu hema ptm einfancton In act orry managers sscned withthe enplayment ining an seal of umn esurces The penomel depute scp 6 proc the necemary lp 9 ages ‘ngesfoming thr sing or pesoane! tin effet, Some authors do nat view sling a spate incon of management They age ta itis fa of egaizing sb involves main th poses rene by nization proces is lo ied by sae pa of ona stafing ates ar hosel reba ees, ‘Sunmuricaton ad mova, However, in hs bok, tafing a ea thee a adn ction nvew fe nul employ Hit pe of peopiead ti nd evelop th fr be vellblg ofthe oration Directing ‘The term ‘deotg o€ ‘etn is geacely wed in evry wa of 1. It has got wide intrpeaton hse ays It wo nore eco comand ae vowed by He Fay {Ge wors of Marl, "Directing involves dering the core ving odes and insucios Se proviting yan ede. tes oom cies hk eal ee withing, sing, superving and mouang sora i ee Jobs. Thus, ts fonction does ae ‘ean wih mete nmance of dive. Accor o OR, Tey, “Dectng meas avn ‘ction tl sping sinalative power soup of pean Tus, ectng voles ies insrtons (or comunetion th stores, pling, mang end apes ter ‘These subfnctin of dwing a dscused below (@) Communication: Cnimsricton the proces of using lfomaton end uoestndig fem one peson te anche. This proses is necessary for making he sabordis ndersand wit the maageneat expec om ham. A manager has aes el Ge ‘bern what do, bo od ed whe fo do He as ate an deni Intheirmindewith repute Conmaniation sn two-na oes ADEN ‘oe sux must develop a eee system of conmniaton oat he may te Insucon, ceive te estos of te roorsnaes, and aie sed modate en, (©) Leadership: Amasger mst perf te fenton of adersp ithe st gud the people cflervly oth schievenent of eganizaonal epctves. Leadership yb defied {he proces by which a manager gids a ince he evar his ards. ‘A anger posts te eebp pin i has gt thers fh and ‘cop ie draions. He stuld lo tld up confidence a zl © work logit i ‘boris (©) Motivation: Amansgerca tbe sides mde pepe wosingin te xian ‘hough pope stimslion or movasen. Mouvsion meats msi te sobs ‘ida zzl odo werk fore acomplisinen of ranzaons otetves Meuveion of ‘boris sneer or tig oun cooperon ofthe saosin. Disleet plese esti retype of evar Te mange sou she behavior ‘fini ween under hi fo provide them proper inducements. To some fain Inceotves ae import while oes ae sive By neupecasnry neces ke job ‘cub eaargument fee to wrk and eopntion by pers abd marae Controlting “Te unto of omtoling dels wth he mentrement al coreton ofthe perfomance of ‘orate again the prodttned stndade EFL Broh ised coal a the poe checking wal yerfocnance asthe ood sodas witha vow 1 ensurgsalsicry formance Faylviewed com ae vere water everyhing oss incofomiy wih Pius apd the sueon ued and pncpes ctalised. Coavling eds 0 aking erect onthe seul do nt otf plans ‘The proce af ol inves he folowing te: (@Extalshment of Standards Th managment esis stds with whi he sca ertoemane of fe barat il be compu. The sundae pafrmance ‘Mould b ll Jovo In unumlapuce toms and ald be andre by eveyone aeangene Pcs ind G@)_ Mearement of Peformance: Th sci prfrmane of uch nit and empoyeebs to Sree ‘bemeasue in tems of ua, ali, cost and tine (6 Appraisal of Performance: Te enlihment of sande bs no ming le hey ‘evel in ata practice. The masdgemen mint provide for comping the tal ‘rfarance withthe preseaisho sada, The devin: em andr oul {erecwed and tought te knowlege ofthe manent = (09) ‘wking Uarrestive Action: When he devatons rom ne Snir epee ‘management, must ae eoreive acto s ht sch evens dp nt oxo gun ‘Wate ung corecive stp, mazagemon seule consider the grove fas and sandr ‘SIGNIFICANCE OF MANAGEMENT “Threisno sbi for moat inode ognzatons Asem by Pater Dac *Maragrment she nami, Mien clement never buses. Wit suc of poucdon roman feaucs and over bcome produce An epaniaaion may bee ‘eal chien taen rear deh faton, ba thes ca pode wart aang produ unless thy ae often managed. Mangos cays tamale produc veuseof "sous sous fr he accomplishment of egauationlojses Mataping tan cami activity in very pre of raze ac. The fet mansaeent of hms of phys scree i estat er th chievemet Of ejects of xy on Managemen pervades virally every mpet of orized Iie ia proces faking eal eins nd pating them int acto. Botts is. oiing an ing, vr inporsntn eve ete Thespian of managnet willbe oe clear by ging degh the fling pins: | Determination of Objectives The sje an opsization ae determined 3 he management Tey ae put into wring and communicated to all employees i he ‘raza, Nofgaation can srceedin is msn ules is objeve seed tnd wl dtd. 2 Achievement of Objectives: Manone! isn nporan fc fr be accompa of te obj of any rp. The pers exodiaaton so itegrtion of Rams an = : Jnoman resources is ought about bythe management o the iedvidaal knw "Tamage Manages eco the objectives oft energie ands of eine comping i Tey det ndcoordnnthe acer of viol nthe we of py ures forthe ahiveneat of pede goal f ‘icine management provides leaders the bases an lp a conn bjesives. Meng isne rece ratctd nthe mae exes of ators ta oes ‘clic inking, ising and hough! exgsizaion, detonate ze ser resi, 4 Biient Use of Reoares The roof wofsiona mangers has reed hse das. ‘hey ean norte eit use of Vas sous and ice he pros of he ‘ters. Tas, expert manages can ln he barnes ovarian pope. 4 Coordinates rman farts: Management rvs eden pine te wk. ‘Hlsomatvats thm wih ep varios Incentive stares, lrsconles hr pena incre with te orgie bjecver: This a 19 beer corto ong men rescues, Ths wlio ti prey fhe xpczton Managenertis te tana an coterie. Al the poli desion ae tafe bY Manama tags lt noch wit teeter tl pis Foresight ote entree opr necting wht sgn o hap in ie nich [sable tomeet be dans of gig envionment {6 -Beonamie Development: Accra Peter Dr," Mangeneat ster for con and son! development” Toe experience of In fly rates Dkr’ewpai Inn cconoic istry pro independence cle rve thats was ology sd mat sures nna, bt cel hee Was ek of naptal rion wh oll expo th mtr eacurces wih he ep of aman sources “The development of oun ix vinly dependent up te quay of managemest of sures te only ecient manasmen which el he developing mons ome beter ‘oft anda cures fr conor develomen nit, angel Ue "nl oe eral nl ati fe conseon wih ecole progres Pays, anil Imonpones cuca a by thee nly eve apn hy must be lletvely combined ‘conse touph sound enellxive mange. county sto exgeence ssa lel of esotanie gon and development Acurtry an bave suzable ata and manpower feeneeesling pol lo antelope al he eel poor coe ey few competent managers are avr pl hese sauces fie oe the prodason and tte of asf goods and sence” In sb, canbe sid at ‘manage is the vir ad develope a comseuence (ARY. es vr iponant todd teens feamevork ia which an rarzaton peat | ‘rey well cone the ndesrndng of ness pears years te cal {yt hintaan interdependence fr the ahiovemen of conor objectives “The bse process cormon 1 eer) managenet Sten ae hos of lasing. oguiing, sting. ong ee conn. A tet mamegeal fc are very prt fr the forest of my orsieoe. Thy la ier-dependet ard ier Managers mst am tte eof eng tee fons a advange tala the objectives of the nacizan, KEYWORDS Monagemont: The st fgg things one aning: Datei te coves of he st acti. Organising: Rees w esenton of sive ob cared ot, grouping of Sina activites fv cteston of deqarmen ‘Stang Recrsmen,seectn, ting dewlopment an pss of eae! Directing involves ering he oun, sng oder aniston and providing dynamic lender Contr: Ideas wt a mesure and cetion ofthe peoonnee of sakes suns th pester sts. Process: Assis of ncn th len © be acieeneat fern betes Beonamle Returce: Manages, our canta Goaborentds Pus avy vars sina the gals of i orgaizion Selene: A systemically organi body of kaowedg facade conc, rns and theo ‘Artis etn dou dso rata ough he epiton os Cade of conducts Ws the soem of poesionl abs ois members Prafniomalaon Beans ining he ds nd esposibts of te manages omg equity of mangement edoesion abd saline Adminstration: Kisa higher ee ition control wih he dternacn of ples. Tap management: Mangers who ae phe Up eH devon ine iste feos. amarOman! nar | Managect is geting hing one hough er pope” I thi detonator ‘he psn dy cone of management? Diss ul : 2 "Management is he force wich leads, gules sed diese an again inthe ‘scompishnest of p-detrmined obs". Discus and ve slab dein of 3 Brplin the faust deumine the te of manapemet - 4+ There we may definitions of mamgemest which emphasize oe oth ote nportnt spect of management. Discus and ie vow cmc of neg SS “Mnagemen isthe eectve vilization of bunan and material resources to eve the cmp’ objetivo”, Comment 6 Ismmegemerta potesion? Give agama se your ans 7. Cet expan the concept and significance of mangement, Distinguish seen ‘manger and adnan. Discus the ture and scope of management I mangement sins or en er oti? 9. "Managements ota protec bis eating evade dition Doyou ae with {hi seme Give reason a spp of your saves, 10, “Managements he rt of geting things done oe pope”, Commect. 1 Desc he pees of macau nd epi ow Ken be wed acing es ‘nny eqmizaon? 12. DisingishBemece management and admiistsn. 1 Baan concep of mangencat Review in ret mn fenton of menage, AL Wostar ths futon oa mange Is mere knowledge of mgement ooaghobome 2 sucusil manager? 15. -Tomamage forecast and plan cgi comma corse a tonto Diss th statement 16 Name te vroas fncons which consti th proves of mangement nd das ach often 1. “Al anzatos need management”. Comment. 18 Discus he sgnieasce of mangement fomthe pot view of modem buss operations. 19. Anowerthe following (© Enumente he cement of manage process. (8) Why ismanagenent called a eee? (0) isinguish beeen munagment od ninistaton HE DINGS — — — ‘ch, EFL, Mangement, ts Naw and Space. Sits Ptra & Sons, Ld. Foe RN. sd Richa BM. Compraine Mongenent and Economie Progress RiccdD. livin se, Homewood iis. Hach O‘Domnl, Management Me Gr HD Koga, Lid enc Fuel, General nd uri Admin, Si sa Pan & Sos. Masta Diock, A Phioopy of Administra, Harper ad Row Mean Don, Monagenen Foundron and Procices, The Mocs Co.Paul Togs ad vin Weinok Managemen An negeted Approch oon, ye Pec Drucker, Managemen Tks, Response and Practices, Henensen. ‘Sheldon Over, The Phiotphyo Management, Sir ae Pinan and Sons, Ld Spiga, Willa R, Pnchles of Busines Organization and Operation, Prete Hal “Texy, Gere, Princes of Manapoment Rit, D evi, Is, Homewed MinisCHAPTER 2 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHTS, LEARNING OBJECTIVES Alt tying his cape, you shoal eae: ‘© Dine baween casi tery and nals hoy ‘+ Discs vroasappouches to mangement: Quaniave, Sytem, Caoingeay ad ‘petont ROD “Te erg of management can be raced beck he days when man stared Ivins, One ) Goa placenta ke placa buceancratcorgnonon, Te beams my ie ory tories nd ular cto tbe sentry sole (0) Te buiewsate struct fal consisting of sever Iyes of executives Thus, commons mths pelt te ewes eve wil ke very lng NEO-CLASSICAT. THEORY. (Ctuman Rtaion Avprosch} ‘The clsicl weiter ining Weber, Talo and Faye neglected te haan ato pect ‘The neoclasss focus onthe human eset fins, They oie theca teary ‘by crpzing the fact cht enantio ie sot yom ad th hae st soe import omen wiht. They concedsoneexperinets aroveas wth Berens) {td investigated infernal pooping intr reationstpn, alters of eommeton, terse fiaformal eadstip, 2. Tis edo the develope fama eltoes approach, Br Majo ‘spar renga state of eHarasaReaos Scho. Oe pein co bes tots coals inelie Retlsberp, Dickson, Dewey, Levi.“Thefuman stn proach s cancer with ecopnion ofthe importance ota leet In ceganzates. I revel te importance of sei an psylopel ton i stern ork rodaciviyandesacton wos sume is ceang mew image ofan nthe ‘tk plae The eos or hum laos apc pt tes o nr personal eos Ad informal goo th wort ‘Thehuman eons argue at chevementfegatizatonlebectversinposible witout the wing coopera of people and such copeatio cane be atomaiclly sear ot ‘ered thesia be cnet chewed The neo ice! apponh adc pepe oes ‘gmietin soc which linet sharma a formal rpsnnatons ‘The tsi tenets of elas teary or uaa laos appro de © The buses xgtzaton sa soci sem. © Thebehvou fan indi edo bythe informs gop of whch ea ee, (i) Anindvdal enloyee caries be matey econmicincenties alone. Helland yell eds nt esti prove th vel of sation, (i) nam organization tis wkmtely copeave aide and not he maze oman which pil rest (0) Maragemen: must sim st developing Seal and leadership sil dono this sill rn ae inert ine eli of woke. (6) More practi go nd and ina rgcizton, Hlawthrone Studies 15 127,» group of msechers ed by. George hon Mao ad Fit J. Roetisege a the Harvard Boss eo! wee ave jon the ste athe Hawthone Works of Wester, kare Compury isn. Teesperinet sed up 22 Ea am 04 192, Naons Reseach Coun mde sudyincoluborston with he Wester Ete Cory odersie te let of laninaon ad ter eondions upon wakes ad roc 6) Muminaion Eperinent This experiment wat condi csishrsarship ston ‘ut nd ration Te peed inet cer ine he ery Hake ‘vs improved Bu te cup opin showed an ypu wed wie he uminaon Was trough down duly fromthe ora evel Tn was fond hat teres consist ‘loons feween cpt of workers nd emia in te flor There wer sone ‘te fcos whch infeed he rode of wores When te inte o igh ws Increseed o deren, (] Relay Asemby Room Expert nth exprimentsmalliomegeesor work oup ‘of pide we costed. Seer new lena were todo inthe wa tomes of {hs gop. Thx cided sbrer waking burst pases improved pyc batons, finaly td informa apes, fe socal intercon among poap members, Product anfimoelneeaedcosdenbly during he peo tbexperineat Male sd profuiviy were maintained eve if tmprovemeats fr Woeing condone Were ‘iva. The reserces concadd a sol pycblogia ts sucha ing of teing import ecogon,steon, pariipatn, cohesive workgroup, and oo Gece spetison el the ky fr higher produc (G)Bank Wiring Observation Room Espeimeat: Thisesprinent was cots rp of wees er onons wick were ar cls psi onal. TR rou ‘ome of 1 werk, Ae eprint pedo ors of hs group Were ‘compared with eae prodion rood. There were oscar tangs i te two beemse of maeaace of nomalsodions. However, existence of oral gees in he Boup nd informal prodeton norms were observed bythe researchers. ‘The Bak Wig Expsinen edt te lowing obsess (© seh individu was esting up. 1) Th gpd i om “oli” dando eran, (8) dividual pet ensined ay constat oer apd of ine. So MangeSeti aor (© Deparment recon wee dnt due wo derencs Bevan acual und epoted ‘ut or btwse aan a epee wen (>) Mass Interview Programme Thereexshersinrviene lage stmterof ods with ‘epi ik opinons on work, working condone ad pervs. ict ‘ppeach was sed whereby rvcwes sed questo consderedinpxtanbyaanagen sad resereer Later, hs sproach at replied by an sada achique wee the Intecviewer singly Se ow the ges yh finfings contr the lmponane of cia fcr at workin he al wrk coment. Contributions of Human Relations Approach or Hawthorne Studies “Thebans celine popes folowing poinsaearsatof tei Sangrfike Haare periments: 1. Socal Systm: The orenizaton i geal ail system compose of aero inescting prs. The mca yer defines ini cles and sabes ors a ifr om os of formal ognistn The wd flow asecilnom demi by eicorwaies, wich die te proper anounof work at an ative te ‘eget mansgere hk thy can aclve even hugh hs woul hae bp thn 1 mn nh hey psy ean 2, Social Envonment: The sci eavioneat on he job affects th woes sls affected by them. Mangement so the only able. Socil end poybologi er tere a peat inence eo he betaiour of wakes. Theos, every manage Souk dopa sot hata gponch all xgnizacal problems. Informa Organon: Teinfrml ezansoa does alsoexist wit defame werk femal canton ani lect and afc by ne foal racist, 4 GroupDymami: Ath workplace th worker oft do notte a nivi t ‘emembasof groups Tee grup detains theo teva fre gop em td hae exerts powetl nlence on the ts sndpefomaace of ada ‘Nodrs: The management should del Wi workers members of Wook up raber than ‘indie ‘5 Informa Leder: Thwis an emegenooof female as apis uals nd tenfora lear sts and entrees rop sos, Heals the workers sion = sell rp ad the foal oder ended elon walsh canes te the goup whch be is supposed be aca. Communion: Two-way communion ig necessy because i cai eesary Information downoad forthe pope fusconig of te epasaon advan rad ‘eels adn of poole wo work ah eration wl kelp cing ‘wk cooperation nd paripatn i dhe decison making proces. Wehr nd be toe proecive when hy ar given the opportunity to expres te eligs, eins td pevances. This a sven hem peybologilsatsacton 7. Non-eonamie Revards Mote aly ono ofthe motivate, bt nak sole mitra Inman behsvou The social an pjelogia uss the wake te Very on. $0 non oom eas sckas pase status, ierpncnal anon ete ly angen Foe in motvaing the enplyes. Sih evade integrated wi he mop and feng benefits of the employees. A Conficts: Tere may site confit betwen he egal gol sn gop as {Cots wil har tener of works i hey arnt aed rope Conic be estved tough inprorene! of ham lions inthe paiton 1. What iste once af eo class thay over casi dary? 2 Whyieneo ical hyn? (Criticism of Human Relations Approach “Th human maton sprees as bce cid on he llowing pov(0 Lack of Scere Vallly: The human eso dew concsions fom Hosta sts. Thee concious on clin ght tera of ic evden ‘The proup cowen fo sty Wor ol epesctaivein character The Egy bed "spon epoca grops dot eto groups that ave coming fash wi one tier Moreover, experienc on opens employes en. @® _ Overemphsa Group: The him esos approach over-emplasieste poop and _poupdesioncnkig. Buin pacts, groups my cet rls fo i geet {ind olive esos aking mayo eps, (i Overstretching of Human Relations Is asune thal gaan oben a smembl sen trough humm retons. The srapton des at Se pod oso. The nied ees yw lene base workers 0%) “Limited wocoson Work Tuma tio pote ks adequate fics on work us al the enghass os inuperonal aon sad nthe ira oop. ec ‘reaps be psychos aipecte othe cet the sctr ndichcl specs, (©) Oversrs n Suc cool Fact: i me ns prech des ‘he role of ecoamic Incentives in modvatn ad iver excestie ses on socal ahd race ir Ith wes too ow ch enployee wil fel lid Spe infer percea eatonatthe workplace. Thos, teny tei ate han as ‘proach seks expo te senimets of employs fr the benefit tection, (Confit ety Organizational and Iai Goats Rew onli brent golf te aranioe and thos of individ as dextetve. The postive spect of ons sca overeoning wednsss and gensaion of nove dee ered. BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE APPROACH — — ‘Under tebivoual sence apponch, be Joowage den rm Bawa len, nay, partly oily and anpology. is spit exphin and pred haa bevou I fecases on human ekvioar negara to els f romot veil propo fo scenic wien of tuna bbsour in nizations. ye em ote sty of ‘ivan commiieton, gp dans, plpive mange ‘The eset chris beaviual sine approach ae asunder @ Da mstbectjecively cole and sales. i ~ Findings mus be preset so tate dstion been cate and fet, as opposed to chaos osc, es (i) Frets mt eset ela w ne another within a yt framework, Da colletion alone des nt conta sience, (i) Te findings of sty as always he open eter examination and eso, “Te icingistng ena behmvoarl scieces approach se methosoiny employed in dsloping th esearch inthe managemeat sips. The ex ofthe metndeog Hs Ihe ‘alleton a nals of be revatio tht thi apace che ‘nan elation apps, Parte, te behavioural sien mae he flowing propos © Amorgnisnion i ssi cic ym, : (@ _Indvdalsewi ear ade perceptions and vale tens. A aes thy eve afer we ifect snl us afer condone a People working inte onan ave tipo nd al wich yer from te piso! gai Atonps sould be ade ative fon beware fal td ure ode (i) wide range cf fcr inten interpersonal and group tehavou of pope ‘rinianens Many sco, shoes and socal prychatopsts have shown conscrable nest ‘nsaying he robin of management Sail at conned mich oan nies oles Mam neemngene ea ‘pus oe ofthe anatomy of orgsiatians though der work on soups, curl pats, group ‘sesvens afd cooperation. Among ie scion who might be nd ae Bk Seni, Homans, Dobin, Dalton, and Kat nd Kab. Psyhologis have likewise contibaed 19 rina ordentang tough th omit of te aspect of roel beta 2b {nen te eres of mao and Bee fp Aron teary inthe of Indl ad oil pjcology wie fave cnr er to manage xe Maso MeGiegr Are, Lent, Hse sot Monn, Sys, Tmt and asks, ems, ale toga ent “Tebetalor sca has denen hen onthe wrk of Masow Hi development oe hizarhy ‘oexlnin men bono nears of main oes a impr cnhton. Doups McGregor bit on Mass ak expla is "Theot X' and "Thea YP ‘Heer develope a Wo facer tor of otal. He made a Gsteton tere he cect ‘wich eer ee prevent job dadsebon ype acs). an toe fits which tally Teno modvaion eda te) Infor cf ene Rober Bik Je Mtn eek nd pops he Mangia (Got, Res Lik hn eri an excel earned our Mangum sens an fromm I: apie Auster Grog Pas Ext cares snd ception! climate by employing sovrl Key dimensions of effectiveness sch 5 ‘union sna, ndeip and ee. ‘To sam pth viral sees pon gies ngs on incesingpodacvyrogh neva sa oi. Te cera ce of hs apron ee ao apes aa ecer sora, lendenkip commit, pry Manageme up Sais “The behavioural sono ave provid manger with mise wlersaing fone > rot ical cto ine poses riage he ban element nis evi om a “rsdn tae bss undo den werk sins ut eaourape eased poset. Ik ‘ns enhed ermine a emul programe tine fay a werk ES, itn fectsn ner te see of pial sence Appraisal of Behavioural Science Approach . ‘The uly of hana etavou if great signin in management. Sine an individ isa roa of scl sate, hs bestow snot Gterned by esnstioal feces te, Dat may foes e peeepia, ates, ub and vocto-ulur envionment aso shige his Teva. Therefor, in udestndng hur behivon Inthe oransatien all se kos iste ine nto aeeoun. The Betavowal approche how the knowledge of aman ‘edaior ean be wed in mating peopl ee eee in thongs, Bebuvouits have emiced insgement theory trough tir conto inte aras of 1oup dynamics, modelos commucton and leadership However, they ave feed 0 ‘eveloping an Itgetd hoary of managenen.Albough sly of human beviei ‘rpms sexe important yetanagenen cana be confi ay tke are There te fer varie sich os ecology anf ence! wich hae an paver othe ‘tecineess of an erguisate. ‘Tble2: Taman Relations Approach vs RetavouralSnces preach Ty Haman to ern i eaphols 1 Beau wwe pen eel oe 3 Rast Se ganesh pc ‘Te behavioural ccness, refed a ey might Ye, ave aot steed be proc of the psi cea. Oten he completes ft man fora te ogists ting make ‘xct predictions imposible Is wot ueconsooe fr popes based on sound eauines hve unexpected ress. shoul alo be noted that he Sing of bebe ‘Sience each a eave abl gue father nvetiton They sald mt te teats 2 glee alsin, Revi quiets can be hel al poise, bt ae mst be {ake aco axept thm as eing compete va ad splice ol stnions (QUANTITATIVE APPROACH “Thksppoahisalncied Matta Opron Rem x Manages Ses gph ‘Toba nto heqeniaive mnigement thoughts hws of mined eas of cs bom sever iin. Ti sil ued siete providing sate as fx manage ‘isn Te ena common wed oe tamper dese tang ne Lar Prgrewine (Ci Pattod(PPognmne rau Revw leg PERT Cares Tey Que, “Teoy an eek Even Arle ‘Tee quanttiv appr ses mathe ome ings the probans it vere revised The ning lie to qunsaive approach tif manage Jsalogeal recess tay be cxresn ers of mathemati symbols ab reltoneie The busi appepeh be consuueton af gustav motel Heme tis thongs device Ba the problem is expend in its basi elanships ad in ems of sled objectives. THe constrain of theme press th electinenes of he sta ander ty ncn of "set vaabls teat oe a which sujet cota The goo frm of penton resech ruil sE=f(,yDwhere Erepesens th efiecveness ofthe stem prot cbtan te ike) the varies ofthe syste Wich are sujeedo ceuol andy hos which ntact ‘econo. ‘The qnminve apres management as is rot ia he Sitemanagerant nora. Since Taylor advocate a ogi sequsc of robin orl, ut Sadie, manlin. 3 temte salute, eng hs seni speech oul be eid a a ely form of ‘qanatve speach lo mangement Anau extension of he ee manage i pentins sch ‘esos we opt nine ete of meade epi 2 sym unde sy, Tmay te noted dat he elon of ols quedo money nowledgespintion ad alt ose ‘ig peo te ognisen. Conceal fills a wot or absact inking and fr he concept develope noe in planing estate felon, Cone sli nveve th sity to understand now the pars ‘fn oarnion depend cn ac tha A mana ods concep] sil to reogine the serelaesip of varnorsitasoal acters ad, hare ak cisions hat wl bin te beat tet of the renin, (6) Hunan Skil Humac eile estilo work wih oer andachove te copention ‘ran kl the bilie ase to resnve conflicts motte ea and commana ‘ety wither Bera al ork done we people work ote oman lions ‘ills re equal important tal love asageren Every mange shold be abe ‘oemuieeetectvely and avo endetand what boats aes are ung convey. |G Tei Ske: Tectia lef tospeiliodoedg a profiene ibang mcd, posses a ecniquer of pile jon These il af most importa a lower ves ef management and ch lest pont taper lvl. The production supervisor a4 maoufcturag plat fot expe, mst know te proces ued od be ‘het pial psf the aks he spars The da processing sper ma have speci kanwledge tou computer soar sd nthe sate. In os ese, oma itstesa Pe ad ‘ec sil re iportan a the lower el case spevsry manages ust tit ‘ter sobre in he proper ose of werk ol, machines od aspen ese the hove sil, the manage tule xg ee, must as have design ils Thee involve competences to eve oganistonal probes in ‘be ligh othe prevaling extemal envcoamen of th egaisation [Importance of Skills at Different Levels ‘Tear vos ees of managenentend te manage at vouslevels pefomal be facts | cof managnent hugh a vanyng dope. Tha eevee at diferent evil dierent showin Figure 8. Conceal sweeten oper pains ‘vhs ena ae very escaa orlower level managesent. Techical san be Jeumeealy, bt ter ele canoe ert am advil bs tpt pul sa oer eget een thom (Conan kis highly ingot for op magna whic response for frm ong rang pln splices fr he whole bosines: Huan sls are portant atl eres !managemet. Tis sald be obvious at managment is he proses of geting tags dowe through nd wid peopl Lever ee, manages teeta! work wi ter man beings. ‘Battech sills re most important fc he fst ine manage which ia ade he te of equipments, cb, process and procedures. There inporance of whica skis Seceses ab one moves Ut higher ves of manage. Qualities ofa Good Manager In rer to accan in managing mange shoul posts th ollowinggelio: 1. Banton: A manger mus be wet Ia ton to general eduaan Be ast ‘ane spi edbstion In bss managemenaiitaion. Krowledge of Sains ‘vont sal inpraat to deal wih he problems wich the cguiaion maybe {oace athe oe 2 Training: Menagerie’ sills a nt inboe quaies Tey ot be aired rough tag: Therefor tis neesary fora god manager to have Some Soo uaa be ‘anc of enapeen whore he working or og wrk 3. Inttigenc;Armnapr shold ve somewh highorol ofieligence han the arerge tan bangs He shal ave the bit ink scetiealy and analyz he presen 4. Leadership ery manages suppose provide gin nd ede tamer of ‘ocinats. He shuld be able to shane the energie of he boris the + teblveneat of ezeinona otjetves The manager can mira le boosts ‘tect i hao eadoipqoities 5 Foraigt: A good manager shoul hve an opce mind He should te receptive nem ides. He soa beable to Frese ti problems which ht be fac hy Bs ‘Only trogh his fosishecnes, be can ake god cso: (5 Maturity: A good mange shoul ate bead intent He shouldbe monly stn nd hve fnaned temperament He shoul ave high futon aes so. 7. Tenia Knowledge A manager ld hae elicit knonledg fhe xis of oducion beng wee inthe eterise.Adcge fecal Knowledge neces 80 ‘hae my mtb befoled by te subst 8 Haman Reaons Atte: Afi soul bse tty and develo ssi wderstnding "He sou eat his subordnats as human ings. ranger shuld oman pr ‘labios with tem, He should une the problems ab offer Blpng hand tthe. 9. S-Conience: A manager shoud ae af confidence, He soul ke dito afer xenical and implement the wi fl deiaon He bold nt ick in aking inv.‘Armanapc’s jo said and comple, Manages eed en ilo peer he dat nd activites ssosatd wit being a manages, Rober I. Kate found xt manages ed tas exo sils or competes fecal, man, and coop: Explain hse ‘ee il, THE JOB OF A MANAGER ‘Management plang cegnlig sali dietng snd coating forthe acampshnent of ezmiaton god. Auy person who proms hase funchos ¢manager The fine ‘manages ex suerer or foreman alan 8 manger besa he prom these futons The Alitencs between fetes ofp, midl slowest eel manips a fare erin, angenen cosets moron ogg planing andorgmisatce, mile level management cones mere on coordination scone wes el manent ‘nena mre oh econ gt tgs oe workers very mangers concerod ‘wn ens, things ad people, Mnapenent Ise cea proces for inegating the we of sources accomp ean gels nis pros, cs, things an pope a il np ‘whch arco Be ransomed in etpt consistent wth te gol, Mansgenat of simples we of concept shits. has re comottion Ft ete wo ‘hepeal oa raced poopy of mazar rogardmanagenent a sia and skiie ‘poons Secondly, magento as lest he lang se of manggeent poss ‘sy nagernet es res to ety anda Creal resto gnc of ‘ow das nd nao fe to rnfonnng sino voles and wl Amansser ‘mum he ingen pin aad an een pe es, ‘Management of tings (nn banan sores) dels wi te desig of prodtn syst ta scqston cat mnconverson of psa eseacsto achiever goals Mamgeet ‘t pople concer wi prcaeneat, develope tense ud inegain of tan "esr inde rarsion Every nas cet his sternal pte organisation ps io prcice “The greterpart of em manager tne spent incoming at dealing with pope His ‘ffs are dled wars casing infomation adoring rogess towards gal & “rer andthe nligcomectve aon Thana managers may cos of anger ‘sf poeple Thgh ts dt toban le pode sors, bt bum fazer ore ‘apt A arageatGonvet nate it ed put be he a © tae theelp of oben todos. The grates pecbem bef any manag show o manage hs rena! to geht pel es The manger ine Fes ape as ec ‘ih be pop who wet contin ote achivement frp ole Peer Drakes roca tat he magi approach handle workers and wok shu rapratc a dyn Every jb shoul te dened on septa of options. The ‘vreau fe gen asia se of foto fo orgie and eet hie wok ‘vicome stb duty of evry manager educate, ula and desl poole ude bi ‘tute yeh potenas ad aie to perform te work ote ee He sao 1 elp teu In styng het needs and aspiration though incentives, For geting best ‘etinon fm people wring ude im he rat provi the nih proper evcemen ‘Tee mameer martes a clmse which Bogs nnd sana ssfacton aed ipie| ‘anoa he pop Tis wil icease ernie eectens ‘MANAGERIAL ROLES ‘Arle cons of te Reavioarptems expect of a manager witha an crgansaion or “undonal ui Herr Minabegcoadced conprebrsivesarvey on esac mange ols an era is ings Wad eeu of sey of Ov racing eit eztv He deen ace reper anger tll rfc execs ond ssf hes udesree bexd() in-person nd) deo These [ster-egunied nf rane bongog on poor wht anager srl do. wera uncoes of mangas ba stall deed what mange shel‘anata Beir "The work of manager il ee! isexeney csp an ep nde, atin mere aiithan sien. Althooh he speci actvies of marae tien evel vy hey hae gra ‘meas common. ach plas sir role an eguizd et of havior tht sxe {crys wappropsatina gia station, Te ee of inser work ie ener of {em manger le Minttersacknowndge tt Spee of ais vv in toe ‘acon of hx para sien, hate jad pagal since ang ie ‘alysis and cnsieaton serves aus purse. Table 6 helps ws to ee managerial work Soe ferent ever nd engine i ae amount of egress he {objec Te eo manages oe se debs low, Interpersonal Roles “Th folowing the ftperona os lp manage kop thei rgsisaton cueing mt; (0 gurebeod Rot: eserves the manager yb ou y test oie, tec ou varity fs Iepl and een ie. Amanager ures i le ‘rca ofthe positon cupid cost of sucha sipsng coin dist ree by lw anda ling visitor. (@) Leader Rote: ascribes the mange’ lin wit is abotinstes hisoe ie, ‘nana motte hen As ed he mer mt rng th ees fhe bce ‘In acird wt eofhis ops. The managerial sss forthe eis ofthe sori. (8) Unison Roe focuses ote manages daags i people susie is wm orga. ‘The manger serves a ion betven th orgiston td cube contacts ch stones supe, commis and ater Informational Roles Rectvng await infomation ae neg aspect ofa asp’ job Manages ned Infmstion for aking dss un hy pas en cesar infers toes oa ‘heres, The th lfomatoal ls te cello Monitor Role: Ie 0th maigge's comin seeking an rcivngrerant, Informatie noe tobe wel informed Mach ofthe aferaton i privlge bane cies it beans of te conus e develops in is nz role and Because ob tis ‘inte eade'sole He receives norton val tough ls work of contac. 4% Dissuminr Role Insole th manger pases inporantiefomatn to subnste Some ofthis acta fran but somes used es the emage' analy ahd Jnerpctation of evens. In iter cs, ti the manages respons sss hat bores ave he neton ey ned you th ts, Spokes Role: Managers ac paperon or epee ofthe ogi, ‘Tey nemitinfematon people ote he ui. They represen the rnin eng wit etme spp, goverment Sparent, Tat othe anges ‘lb suk orth strc the sper “Thble 6: Minter Roles of Manage gsc Lateon ‘esis bebe mas | sample, igus the” | othr eepancaeny foveremat, iiuaesverse | foaua/stitanee’ | Sista te mda ote comple, [and gternal enviroment | agape fp rosDesional Role = Teveprners] Bites weer | Forti pes, | stcoonetny, | prio tei Decisional Roles Infomation sth sino deison making for manage. Tees, dsson making oles ct omnager ae lowe |. Bntreprener Role In his rl te manager kes the nite ogg bout change Inhouse. He leks fer proses and opporsies and nines eps del wih stem He tha tg ad note, ji Disturbance Handler Role In his os, te anager takes care when his orgaistion| fees mo darbarce ori sock as ss of akey executive, cancelation ease, sire, be destucton of iy. E Resource AMloctor Role In tis role he manger doses who wil ge wha in dhe ‘pansion. He aces fs own tine escoding to is priori: he Genes Me ‘gun, ees who wild watand aloo aor take pura desis. fn. Negiatr Role ni os he mando aks curge whenever hs oration ast cetera cai negations wi ee pares His prszoe seid ese he as ‘te infrmaion snd aor to make ea ine? deisons ot iil magotions rque, Minter phasic asp of thes tn oes an void for viewing them a fecning Gest’ nto wl, For example, sats mils in te erersenl ‘els, beng frat to fe mange oo ts ths nora (ogee wi tbe sas) tat ‘nals him to perfor te doion aig Yl eect, Pre, be ered tat eet managers emplsin dress. “The anagram orsiations work wth ech ober to esis ne ops’ fog ‘ange gaan opin owt schleve thom Thay also work ogee fo provi ane anther ‘i be acute fraton need o efor fas. Tha, anager ac 5 cymes of Soosuniaion withthe erga “Managers are response and accoutabe Margera esposblfor ing that soi fuss peromed steely, They ably evlauad on how wal hey aang or de {sss fo Be accomplined, Mergen ae mspoasble forthe econ of te sabrina. The soos fila ofsiondnter iit rection of mange sucess or fee Alene ‘tan egos, iain hoe wo ae aot manaper, re sponse fe ti artist tl, Te dilerece hat manager ar bl pon or coma, aly ft cv ork, bt alo for he won of subs i “Managers balance cenpeting goals nd set peor: Ac any iene te age ses | amber fogs goa, robles nd needa which compete othe mange ne ‘tnd esontes hth ra and meal, Becsse such sures ae vaste, mage tattle teteen the ans ous acc Many munages for example, range ac y's nn of pe. ns my, nagar mes usec. |A anager mit lode who i perform parla sk and mut ign work a ‘Sepcpateponon Ath, ely each person Spl be piven he take wos st ike {ost is not alway oul, Sortines individ! bi ithe decsive faoer ma a is ‘Shiptedtoie ormostsbew scomplshit Busontines capable wer gn ‘Tossa leaning ctosince, Ad ties, ei aman er rors cette disons for mating woot Segoe, Manager se oe cng haween cultinghsan nd ‘nasil needs so ey must ey pies.‘Sean Beer “Managers think slyly and conceptual To bean ana chinks, manage mst be shie to beaknicien don nto is eamgeneas, anaes compooes and he ae ‘ia Fssbesoluin Bureven moe npr manip mabe concept thinker ale ‘ew cate askin te ast dente itr. Thinking so parila ‘aon its ge mplcans iso snp ate Bot ts esental If th manage weak ‘onan gous ofthe ogeiaton asa wole a wells evar he galf an tal it ‘Managers ke ait decions: No orerstion rns smoothly al ines. Tee inost oimitiothenemberand per of rotenone, poles ‘employes, or diflesces of opin concerning ao srgeaton ply, oman st «om “Managers ae expat come op wit slo a feu probes anda fellow tag on their deisons even when doing So may be uapople “Managers re meats: Orns se made up of pl nd peopl are orqure ‘gu ciin Dspute ith uit of raison can ower ose prodativy ad thy ty esos s wpa or srpve tht compte rployes dee fo fave the risa, Sich ccirencs hinder work owars te goal ofthe nt rng; here, managers Ist sine ks onthe le of media ao itn ot dps before ey gt ot ef and. ‘Satin conflict egies il anda Manages who ae erin the nding fis ‘any te 0 nd ha hy have ony ade mates wore, “Te re exciton of he mange cle and respons shows tht mamges must “change ba equenty snd mb alert he pra ole nese given tne. The stilt recogize the appre tobe liye and change rls edly is a mak ofa ‘fice manager 1. Discus statins whee you ae human OIE anager ight nay eer 1 democotc or etocrs eof mznagoret 2 Whutisivaied in being an fective manager? ‘Whar some ofthe once oe conrdere y manager when woking win reat breanccies? 4 Intody’s wold of wee, charters s tanga woos eimai, oommnistion technology ad globalization, uneer ned tobe fl inthe ‘oles nd exe, adaptable nd noo. What arth roles an silt ll managers mat posses nd the alleges thy have ofc? Isitimporant for manges a be vowed a ads? ‘© Des libe working anderplahe reaon forte ines ineble ‘orkng in tody's bases environment Aen pine mile managers cane 1 ou fr ave. “Te taken ovr team 1Opeoplbessys "The revews mage we lene snd ever compan en te led odo what by promised er mised cares, eying 12 hangs tsb hy tik Tm beiagueszonbl an st. How ca en he ‘ston sound? ‘Bip why the ppl totem repair age behav at reson at ac Tore olen, what shou ti manger wy ‘The so profs ange fom ee a el in ths raion, Mange ate tp ‘ea egies werent th lower el cl sls seed moe Magers working at he ll vel at au igs tetween te op lve! nd lamer eve They we soposed tact the pols ae by th top even eee om‘whic can be appre tthe lore i the orsninon, One they implemen "he feedack canes iaile manages hve fo ain slat he el doe fom ‘hich sabe uniertood ath tp lvl Hence the aed fr snes equa evel ofthc nd ence hil tte mide lel simp! ower tha haa elle oi qual importa al the lees i he ogssation sad o on cn esape fom i Brey ‘manager most leet at faking everybody fe! Sled KEYWORDS Manager rons is one wo execs thay and eden oer ter some Lele of manngrmint mero noe of dearcin bteen vs managerial poste sm egaiato opevel managomont: ise inate sore of aborts itenbises gal pts fre energie ‘per mite mangement: Tse of nanagenetisespensifotheeffecve perfomance oft fitnaldvisiors, Mia tre manognent tonite ole eel nagar wo se epee te ep ‘tnageree for efit congo depen. Supervisory Management: riers those executes whose wed it contol and est cpratve employes Managerial sie: These ae she equ by manage, wich cide concept eis aan sills nde sil [Concepaa ski: involves he abit io utestand hw te pas fan gnizason depend Human Stile: Hare ils re the Sis adel wo resle eons, att, ead sat commana ellecely wi ots ‘Telia sil Ieee spin owl apron nhnding meds, proces te engin of sei joe ole: Atle consis of te behavior putes expected of a andj within a onaean ora functor unit. Iueresonal roles comin fight as kad enaiaoare, which elpmarage to ep the remiatons runing sooty ‘formation roe: Managers nforaton forking aio nd hey asm Reo Jnfomaton othe to facie dirs tilde maior vl, disemaoe rol and spokerpeon se REVIEW OUESTIONS 1. "Minar conened with es, hogs and pope. Cums “Th job ofa managers to manage worker: and wor. xan his stem. ‘What oyu tndestand byte ‘Levee of Mangement fy Sess ieee revels ofmanigement 44 Must tace eves ofmanagsent wie ep of suitable char SS What feos an des re asucistod with op and mile macagnet i a mode Indole span ey. 6 Witean explana ute on he sls ogied by manages, ga i‘rgmaun! Beaver 1, Balan th trent eps of sis regu by anges ad comme on irene mporaeem ioe ews iat ogi, 1. Wim pty te manager Exch ath content of as conpis. 3% incas Henry Miner's lasiistion of ees peroned by manages in adn oremiations. 12, epson te fig (@) The Manges i, (eres ts f anige (© Caos ls (0 Bex evr evs manage: (©) Wiatar te fnctons of up mangement? (© ‘Suess egies sca (@) Wy wet simran? (©) Wht ae he ernst eof manag? (0, ity expla be deco les of anager ned by Mince. FURTHER READINGS ‘Minute Henry, The Narre af Manageriat Wor. New York, Harper Row Miners, Heny, A New Look a the Chief Executive's Job, Organisation Dyas, Wine,CHAPTER SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF MANAGEMENT TEARNING OBJECTIVES ‘Afr sig th chap, 0 sou bese Us yurous sumptions of soil eaponiies Sn scl espnsiies of management in nan pape SOCIAL OBJECTIVES AND OBLIGATION: very individu vig in the oct seca igaons owas if gee crain rami of behaviour nbich have soil ncoxpanos and sencton, Viewed in hs pepe, asin mange ubo ae mel cht of fats of roduton Heloging tte sce, shot sn opto asset ose fake tre decison at follow tose ines ff ston which re Srl in ems ofthe bjstives and vals ofthe sky, Bales Inengers are ss) of sce. hi eisone mate ifenced by he cisions towards the soc Tox itace, mice ad tle of altered goes snus the Inet fhe genera ple hgh ny pt tins fn nimi poi. Sach 8 ace agaist he once of scl sonst mu be oie Concept of Socil Responsibility ‘Te ple ‘socal responsi" is whey wed inte err of socilogy athopsogy conomcs, pois al business mangenent HR Bowen hs eee the coaep of sol respon at blgnton of bane) to puss thre deco, ola toe ies of (George Sine "Te arampton fc apoio pion md deren _Acatfl stay of conc of xi sponsbiy eva thts two dient fe Fist, Images recognize tht sce hey ar ang te economic unin he soi they have 2 ena obit ote soity with rad omar an paiewele chs poy fvalbiliy of goods an nition Secondly, sca esponsbhyindetes management ‘bligtion rarer sn develo aan vate sock meat, rae coperaon el ‘Scoshman obs of he buses. \ Impact of Social Responsibilities on Profits ‘scovomic apres command fiom snd spying god and sevice gue Oe Soc lett rca fia was don, ts wold gt maim poi se the bet nests of le oper of he busines. Tas, a bss was ale to uli efit the woal-prodcig source ts command end ake avalaity to fe conse goods services of ihc at easonable pes, was considered tobe ootonng ina soily. ‘esposbewy-*The ioe only oe eocialespenebiy of bias toe snes to engage in acites designe cee pois vo long 3 egg in open sd fce ‘opens, without con abd Gaal “Tus, the caso! xonmists conse he cone of sail esponsibility conan 0 the apenion a te ple supine: ule sew ie seonglyceremoed by‘modern economissbaeause of chaaged economic sb social evironent, cower scans emergence fog ad ula cease a tray ra els len aed {hatexpendtae on soil response aces may ola ort nthe hor rb il Incease prota inh ony rn. Moreover, busines and her anges ae aps the oy Thy st bee in sacl response manne The manager have fo eco {bene of veto, enpojes, custome, spies an be sont isp ‘Are Social Obligations in Conflict with Profit Objective ‘Tough cia poses ve comet be recogni by not of the basessnen, i oes ‘ote bat hey ae ob tae th nly gains fr aig esos. And if the soi ‘eoniliies rte reo athe oat of economic ebjpetey, th suv fhe sss ‘bein danger The monger shuld conier ering of oi nd peso soi) ‘lige slancoly- A buses enters Wc ering psc seve the sc in ‘eter way thn anextepise which sunng to losses. Projet cana ened {the ey sual ofthe astess wl be pt in anger Ifa bsines us easing scent [ois wl be pina aieevdenoe fe fact ising rn eit. A pat of pttcan ‘erettined every ya and ened npreducve chanel Tas wl ep throw othe sep. Ath same tie, tenet ude an olga not expo the Caso. ‘Stull provide tig quality pote a evo the lowe posite pit nd thud toe the cot pecs by ing wees and ayant by ety ig the see. Sil ts profits ld ot be rtm by keeping the wages athe low evel To am ‘xing of pois eesuy for any tus entree. Bu ao the respnsTay of ‘maagenoat to rcone ts inure of oer, wars, castes an sce. ASSUMPTION OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES ‘Size lug hs has ben a consoversy wheter bans shoul assume sci posites ‘oro Itwildbe wort arly he rgmens fered buh n favor ofan agit sumption of ell sponses by buns. Arguments for Assuming Social Obligations “The apr gues fered favour of ene sein socal reqponie ae at flow - Gee of Saiety's Resources: sigs tenon of sty 0 shuld ign to ‘he demands ofthe society Siac bsibess wes the tones hic along othe ity itis necessary tat every busines emery shoal a its soci bigions, Bes ‘managers are old to we he sei rexoures fo te common poe of oc, (Lampe Business Interest The loogesmseFieet of te bases is best ved when bases asumes seca esponsbies, Ther isa rowing relation on hepa of ‘he alien asnsinen hat tin th leet fll oman and ep ‘ofthe sce. The poole who have ood evicnne edteaton and oppor: re ‘beste empoyes cso and eightous fr bss than hase who repr aan cropped (6 Moral Jute: I is moral and igh hing oo. is widely agree at bosinses teday have cosierble social power. his power vitally ramet them 3 the society which ust have x general relionship with social esorsibiy. The cn) ‘espns of businessmen shoul! be commensrat wih hi soil powe I te ‘usisssmen do nat sue sei epost thir soil por wl akon by ‘te sciey trough Govenment cout and replaios and aer messes. (6) tte Pubes: Pant of ne omen The bier wi a the needed crest wi the publ it proms ts sacl ebigatos It wil ss vod ont withthe voce a sow incre. Cod eons wit the wears, commer ‘Se spr wl lead to mcs of baie.(©) Constous Customers: The consumes ae well ord. Tey expect hgh aly oducts eapnablrats hey don get i weatnent rainy winging ‘emsces and comp! te hie une seca response Arguments against Assuming Social Obligations ‘The csc ow he ben asin the snes sang social esponsibies, vae eed tat business ian escomeinstion ands soch is pemaryespoosty sw proce {20s and sevces efile eam profi ert owners Mion FreimanahIa aiee ‘stern snd rive ope system, a manag un enpoys of omnes of the bane a ‘sare responshic tem ws his employer. Since sokoles waco ake as moc Ot ‘ pomitin, be mame’ sleabjectve shouldbe to uy ode tha I manager epee © soci’ moneys th publi ners, hei spending cols mony witout elt ‘ppc nd pers wayssocelders would pp. if te at fai action t sed on to corso inthe form of higher pics, the manager pending thie mae sea ‘hiss asain wt epee” ‘Thecommon rye advanced ppg te eo bie assuming social esponsibibes aeoasfellowe © Conficing Considerations: A business manager will be guided by two considerations, sarely pia male mechani ad soil apne, wich are por oach ihe Airy Powe: Business managers wil gerbinay peri te mater of loeson of reso inthe wear of the society. They soul ve no ght etre with the 1 extemal eavennen of bse. (4) Dino of Mite Minn The cia sil eons impli eps of seit view hat pola meharsn rae an market mecans he appropiate vay alate scare sores oaertive es x) Responsibility f Goverment: Bases soi ave noreltionsip wth elu toes, iste solesaponblty of he Goverment ofthe a ado ees sn meres feet wplifnet ofthe wear secon ofthe sxe. “The shove anes have no weight in pace case modi buses coco carat be ‘contented merely wit enogh rf frei roth and tality in the economic st wp. The Tint mss ae» prt of he oct ano mast reapnd othe social ee ae ae “Social eonsibit hve sumed reser imporance witht inenenty th Goverment inthe buss underakings in he publi sector. The changing neds od vais of th Society mast be elle inthe leaves considered ad pros signed by the naar. The Imunagurs mst ak ae fh ded, flings and tae fhe poop, pray the ‘ons working in ergtizaon A god busines ete mt py reasonable wages © [Snployees and tt provid fads oc well, They stat lt cntiut tte pea ella of be iy by making fice’ coon we of rsouze a econ OBLIGATIONS OF MANAGERS TOWARDS DIFFERENT SEGMENTS OF THE SOCIETY Seca responsi of manages can be su nde thet ang) oer seal ‘pnb ai seal socal epee Ine soa epost econ ‘wah eng de proven eu ed ray in oplyes lon ting od ng ‘They my sole anh dung nceasing employe rd) and inprovig employee iy eavieument Exetrl soc responsi reerto ach aces simula mia [cpenenti, porns the Danceo steno uganda dcr unepyeSuu so =e ES LT ‘gure Management an Various Stakes “Tha, management ones oil oligatons fo wo gus of wc () Ise sbaoles| ssl employees an Gi) Ouse cuseres, pple goverment and he sei as aH ‘The responsi of manager towards fee group ts dass boom [Responsibility towards Shareholders or Owners ‘Though he is sepnton of ownership and manage case Of oat sock copes, areolar ented o appt det ad ack regully aerate ed full focal nfrntion abot te company. Toe nage othe dete ta compan reenable ferssogaring tines the ssa. at ncn se ade od pater eos te owes can lok al einer ess. Incase oft compuy, te decors hav the tlowing sponses twa the sales (© Reawnable Dividend: Shareholder a sous offs forthe copay Tey expe 8 ight of vend onthe mane vented yer an a the animation of ae fr yee in compan: |G) Stat and Growth sth cay of he manapment a seth nai pon ofthe corpany i gos andi simpoving day y (Information ish eonsiy fhe anapretokp eacles wel id soul he progress an ancl pon of he compe. (i), Protetion Ast: The sets of th company ar rch wit the fds vied by tte sharers. The mnageneat is esponibl to aepainl hete set (9) TrustvotSharehulders: Th management tease af sharon’ ue Tefre, tte ass of he company shoud be used forthe buses ofthe company ony. The les foloned bye mamgenee shoul erste the wel of he shri Responsibility towards Customers - Caste’ stsction sth tins ain ofl exami cv Thi ines ef be offer rods atthe loves pase pi: Adalieraon of pod poe ql, alto sve fai mens ek of service an eure tthe easton misao ons eng ssc some oft examples vilton by bees oft blgaons ovat custanes oducts. Tero the dt of management tke cat of th following poe @ "Nec Satstaton: Ts company shud protic ve nd wich est he mck ote ensues of diferent ces ter an with ifr prchating pow ("Regular Hof Goods: Tahun sbould mak good of high ayaa to ‘hea peopl at hea re ac ple tesa pes, (i) Courtoas Serve: The bse bold provide romp dean coieomsesce ‘sone an ale hei grevnces uel.(0) Right Information: The manogeeot soul ensue hat ives and sees ‘sued by the ass We od (0) FalrTradePraties: The mamgoment shoal ostinls ino find nec paces ‘chs bck mains, oording lic, The onde an sevice shld be ‘ibid propels hat the casomar doa fc yet in uchaing hem Responsibility wards Suppliers Management souls withthe spies icin shalt for fires ad cdo \ segating pce, gli delivery of gods and puyen. Tha zag wih he sopplion shoakd Us bsed on inegsty and cous nthe bers of hich supe wil nota he he eon cet ort manage nn ohh what wis he ys Responsibility towards Workers/ Employees ‘Woiker ate «source of labour, They should be weated sumac Beings and thei’ ust be acheed fre elation of rgnzatonal pt The manage! shod 8 he following obligation towards the worker: (@_ Fale Wages: Every buss should pny reasonable wages an alae tts employees wo thay may kad poo ian ety ines Good Working Costisoas: Sine wares spend shout ih pro «working dy a thei workplace, they mast be provided wit good working condvions. Good working onitons re cesar to maintain the health of he works. (i). Adequate Seree Benes: Works sald be provided service nals atcha hosing and modica flies, esuaace cover and reiemet benefits. These wil mak hi fre (6) Comperation: iste responsibilty ofthe manage to win the cooperation of he \workersby reing conditions in which woers ae wing to put orwad the esteffons ‘oars the coumon gus ofthe busines. (©) Resngniion of Workers" Rights The management shoul reeogiz the wos sghs © ‘Sir wap. to scp in desons affecting their working ito fr trade ions, © clive baring ad ogo on ike (09) Opportunity fhe Growth: The workers shold te helped by education god other means improve dsr sil, Management shoul give the workers eppetnities to develop thir sapbiliestcgh taining edseaton nthe enjoyment of feeder othe greustposble Responsibility wards Government Ber busines ext goversed by via i. Is te dy of he mnapsnent of eery ‘reise to manages far csr thaws affecting Mangere plies should ‘lid down aking ino consideration the povsons of vaious leptons nd guidelines ‘tsod by the Goverment Managemen shoal fallow fu wae farts sl ayes st eter Govern oes on, posh soul a sco comepion, ‘ick mare an eer scl evi ‘The spc sponses of buses omar goverment my beamed fellow: @ Toei the ws of he aon, Toray sveioant tne Honesty a in tine (i) To eo comping goverment eayecs, (iy To scourge te tendency of concentration of esizomie power a measly. (6) Toenecuage fr ie procs. Responsibility wards Society/Community ‘Pace Drckr sagen ht he snes olde 0 neds ok the plc god ‘ong weed ste pate goad of the enrris Thos every urns owes eliaionto Sai Repengine ceo ‘Cri eo the sciey alae. The ei espn of bases twas be sce are die ‘elo @ . Socineconomic Objects: Maragenet mst bo guide by te soie-eomei objectives ‘tthe soy I stood no indulge nay ese which 8s oso ps! oF ‘ew: Svety expects tht he munagemen wl we the fates of producto llevely td efficent for he sation ofthe nen ofthe sot. Ie manage” IS Use epmtans fs youl and eptaon @) Improvement of oc Bnvireent Gosden an conte arse ‘fel amen the sere freon Ics develo he suai ea for the weighs woras ander peop Mista has th espns) =p {he ervimmesal conon ely wher ne prcton i being el on, sho fake preventive mesures asia water soda plliion ad sould cont fo he mmo develops aces 1th manaonant als to dha ts espe, the Goveranent wil inte to povent he enter from spaling te cones of i) Crete mplyment Opportunies: i the responsi ofthe manages oie to incre nd indie enpeyent ithe ee Wine futons, (6) ifclent use of Resoorses: Te sources te command of bane! tong othe rocisy Therefore, the managemenshoud ake the bet pole ws of ap aw ‘anv, machines, tec Knwidge ao ter resource fer he welll of te Foresite | Rope ne my yi 4 Fagin done pole mse] ope otro ee outpost ‘Spe fr oer peo ming hobs 5. Americ ye of deri tty | Demos praise of eae tea etc vn cy ur ate 5: Arm itera mite and | Agi cid ml led enone Sete cones ‘ioc tine par ie os Appraisal of MeGregor’s Contribution Douglas MeGrean' Tene X and Theory Y reeset exten od he fencing win in he sagen a race behaves No man wou}? belong cmpeey 0 eee ‘Theor Xr Tear ¥ He poses the is ofboth in varying dgrees under dierent ston. ‘Thus, hese ores ce iporant lin undetetding he thou of man beings ed in dsising te incentive sees to moive the employes Nek of he wa hoi ly pliable i ll he snaions ant all pes of tuan beings However, Thar X emote ‘pliable unskiledandunedosed ow level werk, whereas ThoeyYimore splat 9 sled and educued employees wo are mre eonuph aad sndestaad the espe.‘There, he mange shoul! we an amalgamation of beth he as ta th tena nds of employees illeent lvls epaiaton, ‘ThechieFmeitof Gres cot stapes rystalizand she ight pepetive ‘othe findings of Eton Migo's Haire Suds vei hal then pied management outs exer nd st in oto wave of eserh note haar fe eganetone ma. (long wih HawihomeStodes) can beso ve ee te taring pit nd mining ttt evoked wide nl lasing intrest ate en ofmsvtio, ledetsipe tehnoes oF ‘ndertantng hun behave in cole ception ‘Theory Xand Y spice an denis advanags an aang, Which for X 27 oon tah te tori or upprive mel nd which ne do Jou mo IMMATURITY-MATORITY THEORY ‘Te fame of matiiy-inmanaty acters agg by Chi Aris eco the _mult-dimeslonal elomet poses along whch smn inane gov in ‘vst. Argts rane ital eaieations deerme ect of angel races ‘onthe bbs of wal and the personal powth within te orgoiatin He ei seven base changes tht tes place inthe peopl over he yeas. Tete change een that ‘rope hive ateaeney 0 to cevetp oma seo sing pusv asa inf’ os te fines avy asa at | (1 develop froma sat of dependence on thes as an fatto a Sate of rave Independence a a (G_toderep fomteing ape of eaving nol ew ways san if toeing apsble stain eran feet ways (0) to develo ros having eric nd allow nee aa inf a depeing of interes al, (© 0 der tom having being in a abr poston in he aly ed socket a an Inf tan equal er suptrpeiin io ober a a atl, (60 to dete foe being ine subwatpoo ath fanly ad society a an nat cual rtp pon ooh a ll. (ot) to develo out seo ko si avarnes ofl saint ate famines td comol ores aa “abe: Lmnatury-Mturty Theory Tasty Caracas Tintrty Chris ‘ese ‘here 2 Dependence edepenine 5. Coe often enya forms |) Cte fg ey of wee 4 stow ee espns aes 4 stone reget Lesreem procive 6 Sine pation “epee ool pon “Te cons of seven changes abow te general dency of poe in ogmizion to develop from imate A) 10 matty (an B)- The are sae shared ya ‘ends sees of calgon whch fe rev come fom dng somthing for ow se ‘egy cep th eth ey ew ero develo lay Hea tbs onclaon ttt exgaiationlsetng ad mamagem=a aces in mst of he rznzatons ae etal to insisting mit People inthe orguieton ar imme ot case it ‘sa hatagen Pc Semanal ee Ian passivity, at bcs fin means the onus which neoraget ‘hemo be psi dependent and reborn: Rpid eration ture, xc Ras, ‘hu sipetison and ste onl estit he ravi a nave f he nvidals Arar pinsou hatte ol (ee ozs nde ssumpic of MeGngars ‘They are inomptble wi he proper evelopnent ef matty fndvvals. The clase theory of mange asd on Tony X esumptionn cee il ke ima sles fx ‘Sony ht bt hist dvelognt an eve hers ean Tha ‘rays avec rani ranzatos ae workencea nw ee) nial fete chance grow at tue indivi He laed ahigh vale op stony dco fc quest fr self development. He recommended a adiviuals shouldbe ves mare ‘espns and oppaauy oak css This is beeiial vo both the workers sd the egiminin I the people re Bien an oppor) to grow and mate, this wil sts Hit Batr level nee td wil lo allow tam 0 make productive we of their pote in seco goals ‘Comparison of MeGregor’s Assumption and Chris Argyris’ Behavioural Patteras (ne might tt peessoa tha Theory X isd and Theory Ys good. This te ase ‘he esmpions nde these ais re ited oe epias of manages wads mle ‘They ae nt betviual pst sie he case with Paseo And Pater B of Cis gyi. ‘Tha, abogh he “best asumtons for a manage o have may be Tar Y it may ot be dale wo beive consent with tee assole ine. A pura manage: ay ave Theory Y smi boat hana mat, bute my Sind tees bea in ery ec manner (he al ThewyX ssunpins) with sme peopl ithe short-run belp ‘heat be tare and self ovate, Theor Y pep) (hrs rye fica Benen aie adteavou when ese behavioural pes |AandB ander conelaton with Metregn' Teer X an Ther ¥- Fae Areas ‘einen Heavier, rp Janis and egal toms bat Ay found tobe seid wih Ther X al Paes B represen he sane process oun 10 be asin With ‘Theory ¥-"AlhoughXAand YB rely ascitd with a cto every ie 30 otha tobe, Une cent condos, Ptr A cold go wih Theory Yor Pate B wth ‘henry X°, Ths, some mangers at imesmry be XB OrYA, ‘xB maragers havo negative seumpions bout pop Gy mnt, dependent bey scent be bhevngm spportive a fitting ways Heo of eer of th a eon ny they have ten ld or have Karat foe expesence th such hehaviour Wil cease roduc. Seen, bey work fr people who hae cad suppacive envionment ‘they want te mann tera, they ae expected to eave aceon. ‘YA nanapes ve postive assumptions boo peopl penabl,seotvtd, mat.) ‘et hy seem fo contol sd siperise people comly sme of eter of the two reson iy ty engaged i contoling people who dean sinlabchavoar amber Seely, they fn it ees to behave i vive, cooling mans fra psod of tne. Such ‘mumage a attmping ely ele develo tl nd lies acess sl etn sds creating an envionnect whe ey become YB manages ‘MAYO'S SOCIAL MAN Ean Nay conceived of sca min’ when he cared et Hawtbore So ing 1927-2, ‘Te folowing sumptions abot baru beings can be dav or the epors fHawhore experiments | Hun ings ae basicly mated y soci meds hey oan bel base ease of entity touphradontipe wih eters, 2 Tey are moe respomive to thesia fore ofthe eer ou han oe ctv nd contd of management.3. Thesmountof wrk be dane by awake detrei pil eapaciy or he mange bat by he soln. 44 Genera pope do ot tore as individuals, bat members of rep. Stora ee play an import lin sing ners the group Pon SCHEIN'S RATIONAL AND COMPLEX MAN Biga Scein as et et pts — thf fr anal ean maw ib second fra complex. The ssp oft cence ral econ ma 1. People arte rely by cunicinetves Thy illo at wich gt hem ‘be peat etn a, 2 Sioceeconoicincentve se wer the contol fhe ornizat, eople a eiily asve ans be manipulated, motte and eons by te een, People's feing te seta ito and tbe pevened miner wih et ‘ional esaton of eleieret ° 4 Oran cn ad mist be dsgnd in ssh way so neni an contol people's feellags and elo th apricle s. ‘Sein made he olonngsemptons boa comps. 1. People rot ely complex but ae alo igh varie, 2 eoploate apie of exming nw mecives ough he ogaizaioel expeenes Seog mote in ilerent nazis or irent -ps f same agian my edie, 44 Peoplecan spond any ferent hnds of manuel sels, Fees essmsons valida pact, th ak of manager to diet the cmplxindviel becomes avery complexed one People ar ot basicly aes wort Desai ast or em o make eg ts he ak oh nagar side ane tem cnt the ‘pst of er fos forthe ascomplinet of anzatona goa. For is manager hs Stay te nid ving onder im nd seed hr ea 8s nee he ‘tour THEORY Z: A HYBRID MODEL Ineraionslsenions ing feud te outsanieg eomance ofthe apa eonany std he ces of agent pasion being adopt by Jars fis nee in apne ‘amagemeat hs ap increased in Americ an ther cour, Wiliam Oschi ade © Compare sty of Ameria sd apse management panos, He cae tothe orton ‘acinar fe pene management prison beaded name cote He weg ‘headin of Ten 2 which epestns an ineprationof American ad Japaese eanage=at pce maybe mtd at Thy Z sot 2 hey ine tresses meey a el ‘aechanguale wi ype Terabe man behav cs is XY. Ta fexprestion "Tso Zw dope nt fr analyz purpose but or romotndl purpose. It ‘nay booted th he abel as ee sed by rik, Rangocar ad Ove Bu Ques ews ve gt ch pubic Japanese Management “aganes munagaret sacra by he flowing ping: a emphasing ‘er ban tend (2) ar emp oa an aber tan nts rans 86) {ew of op manages gest and ats aber than dacsoosmaer The ‘Sscused below (0) Emphasis on goon: apanci lish fein groups. By fcuag onthe rap ited of ‘tend, pase compan we slo gt be ont of i empyens opens neni Mt‘gaan Boars ‘management renfres pop ebssvenss trough aity of methods The fi 20 hai th rersanence ofthe group. The employees ars appointed wid the ‘udestunding tht hey fling frie Pay ad cues fr wockes depend pal ‘on company pis ori franca performance eroup Gro ebesvens it pond by company songs, elton ofthe company cred, and nce avis, Te 8 gin then” manta ina Jepanes company i ely to pt be comesny agains campetiors ot the wrt gant manage. ® _Bapbass on man elattone: Aman rgnientons edo view peopl ato sl thar hve sper job deca. Inf, hater the eomnsce of soo eros mages to plce more emp ca people ca he stem This empbsis os na eats cn sen nears prsics, concer the ene, Ieioaelons esos of colette. The companies vide basing fit, wells fails nd counseling series tte enloyes 2. Sow Atanas ste | Rigid Anon “Ege i oily ‘ovina wae ot + | an sol em piste a 8 ‘por oe ‘ol at setae 9 pe 5. Gahan Des Maing Pend Deine ing: Anan a Epes mager et, _| Reta tome lp ae ec 4. Gg Rati: wae | nents; Ane te ig ‘feng reponse | a ate =e ind ont sehen sect oe Ee Set set 2) Roleottopmanagemint: Manager genes ny operate asi and yb leader. Tee oe tht offer abd ato dessin mae In er wate scion aking is encouraged The manages o ot flow specie cet pai i ‘hese wit te Arenas nang Features of Theory Z, ‘Thea reeset tb ads one manage pate the Amin companies. ‘Tey “ype of sytem incorporates he sens Jranese management (soup dessin ming, soil cobesion Job secs, hoki concer for employes, et) nd Amin ‘mamagenet(quck die main ivi edom ik liye inva ee) Thesues of They Zc US-Jpaes sem of manapemen ae discuss asunder 1. Song coesion betwen the company and the employes: Theory 7 sgt eine emloyneat ne caspay as lowed in pu. Revenchment yf ee, sold be ‘oil tf poi. Along with fimo neater, te mandgenat chou so ‘x non nc inanvs to mite tho waa To sng he ond eee he company athe wore he mangement shel foo fe petal eae spe ‘The eee of wks mist be ied. 2 Rmplyees"priciation: The employees mst prt ia al designing. Ty me be cote byte angen! alte sggeions mabe considered Ths Wil Increase ir ommionent ote erat essone. Ths, desloe making de ‘Tear Zi ew cetaliedand more conta seeking valves he epee in oison making and es the de econo, | Mutual rst: Tasos be mst between employes, spss, werk rn won sock mansgemon. Accord to Ouchi intra pera arly elated All these are necessary for anetfestvcegaiztion To develop ws ete should te conpce ‘opcoes and canfour in eon. The canes confi shoul be ede he ‘nina, Atongt should Be made chic win-win aint inthe ana, ‘This would mate employees commited ie eration, “Integrate organiza: Nofrmal sect isreommenie year Z. The ergata "ttre shold ted ona wor at in cas use al eae eae formal epoing elanships and the layers phy toga. An inert ratzeon ‘eed ot tave ny cit rvs ste. The conto at sould ened ‘offre muna st Th employes develo th group spi ander such situations. Human resource development Toe nagement mint wik'o develop new siarens the employees. theory but sures penis eognized aa reat enphass {spaced on jo enlrgencat anc cater lags Well as organ Socalzsion “Toc ining, reserch and development ars cng. From the above dsertion fhe posses of Theory cles tht thi ny provides ‘complete trio of ote res of mpoyees compared io ThenyX and They ‘Theory Zh ten flowed tes bythe fp fis opening ine US.A. With ‘hecoloron oan tgaizaions nd Japanese ims, he as ea a: of about te ‘pletion of Theory Zo adn coos Ia Mart Udyog Ching caltraon wit Soma “Motor ofapa), an stent as been made to iplementThexry Z The work pac as bn signet on he Jpose prem. Thee is a oman cee foal employees respective of level nh crszatn Ses for ba eo etce fol. Then pacts ave ea fatwa cao as feng mone te elnyes a reno lhe robert ts iret aaog deet eels bag sot Appraisal of Theory Z. ‘TearyZ may suerte te flowing deat: Provisions oft time employment to employees © develop stig bod between te cxguizaton ands employers seems to be misplaced. A eaepeaca ay ote {eps le pctv pigs Marcve on rps may lone ean, he higher eoolmentsandaherbeneis somewhere le. Tos, het alto maa ‘tose ving higher eel ees @TheryZ emplsises a common cule in the ergaizion Bu people have dient twckgtoands ey de nati, ves, abit guage, religion Ts ty sabe posi deel common cate in th ergstiain. (6) “Tavovenen of workers nigh prion in acim akng i ey iil The -mangeneat my ese this ieabcante of Tes Xwsomptons abt pope othe stormy bersucant to ppt deslon mating bcuseae ad Tack of proper vation, ol ba‘puna Behr Go) Ther Z emphases organization without ay racers Buti ag cacti the ene of ay srctse may ees sbut chan in th raneton ano wl ow ‘ho espns wham. Jopanese syle of maniginent is scene! borane of emphasis on pos, ban aons ‘anda vaw ote management of fitters rier hn a doison eas, as en seed "ht coain firms in Ameria have followed the ete nd bate boc ore sees ‘computed fms loving Anzican sarageren tie Ris abo eps th Jpn se sould be spl odin componcs. Here mist te remembered hat Ipuose claret ‘igus inl eee of rep fo er, bile lng erpaymeny, soup desison waking, (gly consciousness, ec. Steh value arent fly shred By ater ulfas, Tat wy, ‘Tar 2th opi fly al te coos Besides I does a resect sion ‘wala probes ofa onniationsoperaing under dierent cone cial ‘sola envienmen ‘Wich mode of mansement he apnese Manage or Anvcan Minaya he onl yo prefer? Give reason and Highlight te dawback of hery which ihe Combinstion of sete ad Ameria model of macagene SUMMARY “The chapter dens wth concep ling tot sate of anvil nn oration and cone ling to he nt of ah eguisatin a2 whole emumertes he mes of ‘gsnizaon bem: anely utr, spponive caval an olga dees pon. ‘he apprepttenesf each model na tuna context rings ut te aston he sued within an onizaona etre aboot the nate fon lai and ees eloped bento EYWOR! Acai Mode: Tis sors eg by ih of ommand ove the people whom t ‘opis Goda Mode: Cosi approach a to clay dependinc on the ogsiatin athe as oe os ics an tak invlveieat the Supportive Model: The wake feels x snsé of prc compton, Cateit Mode Ts ej eel isan euerion of ponivemodl This mode pds ‘onmanagenent ulding a el of prep wth nope, ‘Theory X: MCGREGOR thoy x47 verge onl scl lary aba nine det were ‘Theory % Based on te sium ht people ike Work and ae motivated eke mare sesgonsbilis ‘Inmate: Matty thay 1 desea mlcimetsonl evloen process aloe with ‘india ina opaianton Gov, ‘Theory 2 Wim Ove thay Zaepsent einer American an panes agent W. TON: |. Baplan the selevance of supportive motes of Organisations! Rekivocr jn nan” setiog.