ME EN 2300 Thermodynamics I Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Utah Spring 2014 Final Exam Name: Mp ATHEU Pennicoee. 04/30/2014 8 problems, 13 pages wD: Total of $5 points 1. (5 points) Truc or False (Circle your answers in the box below) (a) The entropy of an open system can decrease by heat transfer only. (b) Irreversibilities such as friction always lead to an increase in entropy (c) An ideal heat engine has a maximum thermal efficiency of 100%, (@) An isothermal reversible process is also isentropic. (c) Both the enthalpy and the entropy of an ideal gas are only a function of the temperature,2. @ points) Consider a Camot heat engine. It is claimed that the thermal efficiency of this heat engine can be doubled by doubling the temperature of the energy source, Is this claim valid? Justify your answer. =- ({-T% dive a => Daub Tr: Ye = 1-Te ¢ Bf1-Te 2Th Th 2 The claim io net abide3. GB points) Air at 1500 kPa and 327°C is expanded adiabatically in a closed system, The process is internally reversible and the final temperature of air is 27°C. Assuming constant specific heats for air, determine the final pressure. Adicbatic., evevsrble = Keay Ae= [tek 25 , _ Speeafic. bet FB = I5to bP Ti = 8297 = bok ee ee ens Pozi le 24 Mserkippic nelotank ° — (Pe \evle _ \té-I) =) =/f = he=P [Te E)-(4 a Tag = bee + 0 = 40K Arte 54 2 1.34/ 2 P= |st0/ 2 1.310.391 -h= (z=) 600 fhe /22.4 bPa4. (6 points) Determine the change in the specific entropy for the following cases: (a) 2 points) Air: 7) = 800 K, 7; = 300 K, P, = 2.5 MPa, P; = 125 kPa. Assume constant specific heats. (©) (2 points) Same as (a), but assume variable specific heats, (b) (2 points) Water: x; = 0.70, P; = 100 kPa, 73 = 200°C, P: = 800 kPa. (a) Tiel ps eonshet spec hects Uke 22° TAS poh tine => Aca 6p bE - Ph Tr 7, Tang = Bo t%0 = SOK Abb. cp ot tally -K 2. R= 0.2¢% t5/ky-k => As= /odokn ge.) 02ers /25- & OSte é AS=~ 0.160 bo [hy -« (b) Varin bla Speefic heb > ars eo =F) Ti = aok SIP, crn 2.71007 bly -K i= teok A:s 5° = /%l03 Evy K 4=> As = ' 2203 — 2. APE — 0.292, (12 260 2 ASS -O.1% ds yk le) Waker _ Ta = 200° P= loo he Po = Sob he Stale 4 Mucture S= SAK Spy = HDL oto ( £0562) = Ssyaly eT /f-K Shte 2! Tyo 20° —> Pet =/537.9 be Ro Rt Be Sepik enbedl Sx 6.8178 be 2 As= 1 At ES[ly-K5. (Lotal of 9 points) Consider a heat pump operating with R-134a as the working fluid, The heat pump is used to keep a room at 25°C by absorbing 5 kW of heat from the outdoor air at 10°C. R-134a enters the evaporator at -6°C with a quality of 10 percent and leaves at the same pressure as saturated vapor. The evaporator can be modeled as a steady-flow device and the power input to the compressor is 1.5 kW. ge ( tm) Ta = 296K a Gondenser|[}-— Expansion a/5tW valve Compressor{ — fE<—tij, ia 2 16 ET rain GLE SHW oa Oy, % (guTsE) To = 263K (a) (4 points) Determine the mass flow rate of R-134a, (©) (2 points) Determine the rate of heat supplied to the room Oy. (©) @ points) Determine the actual and maximum coefficients of performance of the heat pump. (d) (1 point) Determine the minimum power input to the compressor for the same rate of heat supplied to the room. (a) 7a cvaperaterShile 1: Mirbow, Fa Bats 25448 bia hy = Kaek = 4374 +.0./0(20%.0%) hax OYE Ely Shh2: ~=t, RaP = 284.4¢bR ho=hs= 246-89 Tb sm=_£ = bogie Wyle 296.89 ~ L444. (b) E+ balence ff hast pramep 4 0e Ewetr . ; Ort Wi = 4 (1?) Mor One (545 ab AW Ov. lc) Cor = Gum ££ = 433 (dehul) Wa _ > Cofn?,wo = Gu ao = Qu- Ot ol -4 Jou 1~-TL/TA Tate Zoth ce © Supuhested = /, 08047 w fy fm=O4 = 0.340 O ky 1.080 494 WD BaF > maha Vr= Ae — 1622 nly 2. 0. 340 £ supnbanted => Te =F) .8C (diveon iibepell) (¢) ian Wee A = %(a-W) +l" (R-P)Co-W) vee ‘i My = 2o0f ob- “ade (20 2ea) (06 -0-4) — U © 8 N= DET[J) A= Ew Exe am (Up—Ua) = Q-W s Q= muh) +e W => u,= 2654.6 bbe n= Bm. bly > 9~ 0.340 (3630.67 - 2659.6) 4 $0 = Q= A. £47 le) > Pe : Te = F818 Tr = Zoe. BH Nie og7. (Total of 10 points) Air enters an adiabatic compressor at 100 kPa and 17°C at a rate of 24 m’/s, and it exits at 257°C. The compressor has an isentropic efficiency of 83.086%. In your calculations, assume variable specific heats for air. (@) (1 point) Determine the mass flow rate of air, Note: If you are unable to determine the mass flow rate in part (a), please assume a value of 3 kg/s. (b) (3 points) Determine the temperature of air if the process was isentropic. (©) (2 points) Determine the exit pressure of ait, () G points) Determine the actual power required to drive the compressor. © (1 point) Name a potential factor causing the entropy of air to increase during the compression. \ thr P =o oP : We RCs 29K i Wa Z4Wls | Ae! mal Te DO = SB0K = Tae oy Pi sim BY, = leola4) = 2.664 ble RT —-0.28%(24) (b) Tas=f Ye = tes ha => has =F (heb) +4 hea — ha Tre 20k AK 240. 1b bT hey =n Trae SK OT 333. 8 Thy ="ea. (a) hh = ita =Ve where t= KTShis= E 3.086 (53398-1900) + 340.1 = 479, AT ~ a 2 Tes= 440 K (Tabb #19) €) f= hse fa the. beatin (Fe) fa = Pe => Po = Pf few) ha ® Pr Fea= 123i) Dv P2l2bs)= 7.624 2 Rabe (zz ‘= 695.53 bP . : /.2311 . (2) By =Eor => ain hat Wy = the how Mya m (hre-h) = 2.60H [£53.98 — Lieve) = Why = 3. 24W (Acbol poser npet) ( e) Fuic ior8. (Total of 9 points) Water at 0°C is frozen by evaporating saturated R-134a liquid at -16°C. Heat is transferred from the water to the reftigerant at a rate of 230 kW. The refrigerant leaves the evaporator as a saturated vapor at -16%C. The changes in kinetic and potential energies are negligible, ae @ fiw @® nee ii ia (@) (@ points) Determine the enthalpy and entropy of R-134a at the inlet and outlet of the evaporator. (b) (2 points) Determine the mass flow rate of refrigerant. (©) @ points) Determine the total rate of entropy generation during this process (i.e., include both the evaporator and its surroundings). (@ (1 point) In part (¢), would it be possible to have a negative rate of entropy generation? la) IleT @, te,= hy = 30-67 ETI 8, = Sp = 0.12473 elt k CUTLETD: he by = 246 FF bo |g. S2= = 0.742929 tT]ky. 2= = O 4 29) Thy K (8) m= im =m > Eww =Eay nab +Q= mabe. ah =O = 1.014 bas hah,6 ape ee (¢) Oe poe MEATS a i 5, Suipoun DINGS eM. ~ Ewrrory pa tuce (inmmelate stroudruts) > ZE = Siu — Soap + Sen at ° . => Ssen Seut ~ Siw = Vasa — (ts 2) . ww = (S-s.)-_G_ Tw a /.074| 0.49923 —0.12493) —_230 S Span = 0.0516 Ww a ™ F (a) Noy Fince Sun? © (always! )