Date:Feb01,2013

COMMUNICATION
BETWEEN
NETWORKINGELEMENTS

PreparedBy:
VikashTiwari(evikati/EGIL01634)
INBO,SLA

CommunicationBetweenSSF&SCF:VoiceCallFlow
A.Considerthefollowingdiagram:

SSF

SCF
Initial DP (OCSI)

RRBE (O_ANSWER, O_DISCONNECT, O_BUSY, O_ABANDON )

Continue, Apply Charging

ERB (O_ANSWER Encountered)

Voice Transmission

Activity Test (O_ACTIVE)

Activity test_ack

Voice Transmission

ERB (O_DISCONNECT Encountered)

Release Call
Apply Charging Report

B.Explanation:
1.InitialDP:Thismessagecontainsservicekey(thatshowssubscriberhasprepaidservices),callingparty
number(MSISDN),EventtypeBCSM(collectedinfoDP),calledpartynumber,locationinformation,call
referencenumber(VMSCaddress),MSCaddress.
2.RRBE(RequestReportBCSMEvent):ThisindicatesthetriggersthatneedtobemonitoredintheMSCand
tobenotifiedtotheSCFsuchasO_answer,O_disconnect,O_busy,O_abandon,O_selectroutefailure,O_no
answer.
3.ContinueMessage:ItinstructsSSFtocontinuethecallprocessingafternotifyingthetriggersthathasbeen
encounteredtoSCF,withoutwaitingforfurtherinstructionsfromSCF.
4.ApplyCharging:Thismessagecontainsmaxcallduration,releaseifdurationexceeds,partytocharge.
5.ERB(EventReportBCSMEvent):ThismessagenotifiesthetriggersencounteredintheSSFlikeO_answer,
totheSCF.
6.ActivityTest:Thismessageissentperiodicallytothecheckiftheconnectionisactive.
7.ApplyChargingReport:ThismessageisinresponsetotheApplyChargingmessage.

CommunicationBetweenSSF,SCF&SDP:VoiceCallFlow
A.Considerthefollowingdiagram:

SCF

SSF

SDP

1. Trigger IN service
2. 1st interrogation, rate the call & check subscriber a/c
3. Result: call allowed, allowed duration, announcement
4. Play call setup announcement
5. Connect to called subscriber + request Answer Event
6. Called party answer
7. Monitor call for call events (e.g. duration, release)
8. Allowed duration reached
9. Intermediate interrogation, deduct money & check a/c
11. Monitor for call events

10. Result: final credit, allowed duration, announcements

12. Play warning announcement or tone

13. Allowed duration reached
14. Play end of call announcement
15. Final interrogation
16. Final interrogation result

18. Release call

17. Generate CDR

OriginatingCS1+Flow:
A.Considerthefollowingdiagram:

B.Explanation:
1.Callisinitiatedbysubscriber,OICKofthesubscriberintheVLR,routesthecalltotheSSF.
2.TheSSFcollectsdataaboutthecallandtriggersCCN.
3.CCNperformsaSDPselectionandsendsthedatatoSDP(firstinterrogation).
4.SDPreservesmoneyfromtheaccountandsendsthecalculatedcalltimetoCCN,togetherwithothercall
datasuchasannouncementstobeplayed.
5.CCNtellstheSSFtoplayannouncements(insufficientbalance),CCNtellstheSSFtosetupthecallandto
superviseitbasedonthecalltimecalculatedbySDP(Reservation).
6.ThecalllastslongerthanthecalltimesenttotheSSF,soanotificationissenttoCCN.
7.CCNrequestsSDPtomakeanotherreservationfromtheaccountwithanintermediateinterrogation.
8.SDPmakesanewcharginganalysisanddeductstheamountpreviouslyreservedfromtheaccount.
9.CCNpassesthenewcalltimeontotheSSF(Step69canberepeatedseveraltimes).
10.ThecalllastslongerthanthecalltimesenttotheSSFandanotificationissenttoCCN.
11.CCNrequestsSDPtomakeanotherreservation(withanintermediateinterrogation).
12.SDPsendsthecalculatedcalltimetoCCNtogetherwithanindicationthatthereisnomoneyleftonthe
accountandthatacallcutoffwarningannouncementistobeplayed.
13.CCNusesthe30secondsindicationfromSDP(timebetweencallcutoffwarningandcallcutoff).
14.TheSSFnotifiesCCNthatthetimesentdowninstep13hasexpired.
15.CCNsendstheremaining30secondsandtellstheSSFtoplaythecallcutoffwarningannouncement.
16.TheSSFnotifiesCCNthatthefinal30secondshasexpired.
17.CCNtellstheSSFtoplaythecallcutoffannouncementandtodisconnectthecall.
18.TheSSFnotifiesCCNofthecalldisconnection.
19.AfinalreportissentfromCCNtoSDP.SDPperformsfinalchargingofthecall.
20.SDPratesthetotalcallandsendsafinalreportresulttoCCN.
21.CCNsendsacallreleasetotheSSF.

InterfaceProtocolsTowardsAIR:
A.Considerthefollowingdiagram:
RefillThroughIVR

UCIP
DNS
VSIP

RPC

B.Considerthefollowingdiagram:
USSD Refill

EMAP
VSIP

DNS

XML/RPC

C.Explanation:
1.ISUP:ItisanSS7protocolthatprovidesthesignalingfunctionsrequiredtosupportbasicbearerservices.It
isusedbetweenMSCandHPIVRorVXMLIVR.
2.UCIP:ItisanIPbasedprotocolusedforintegrationtowardstheAIRserverfromtheexternalapplication.
UCIPisanXMLoverHTTPbasedprotocol,whichmakesiteasytointegratewithacentralintegrationpoint
withinanetwork.Itisintendedforuserselfservicessuchas:AccountRefill,Adjustments,AccountEnquiries.
3.VSIP:ItisanXMLoverHTTPbasedprotocol,whichmakesiteasytointegratewithacentralintegration
pointwithinanetwork.
4.RPC:ThisprotocolisusedbothbyMINSATandASCSforadministrationofaccountandsubscriberdata,
andforusercommunicationthroughSDP.

VoucherRefillThroughIVR:
A.Considerthefollowingdiagram:

A No Complete
ISUP
Req A/C Information

A/C & Sub Data

UCIP

DNS

RPC

Language
Mobile & Activation Code
Sub Exist & Allow For Refill

A/C Increased
Unbarred
Services

VSIP

Notify Subscriber
(Refill Successful)
Sub Rel Call

CDR

B.Explanation:
1.ArefillcallisinitiatedbytheChargingSystemSubscriber.
2.ThecallisroutedtotheIVR.TheIVRchecksifthecallingpartynumberiscomplete.
3.TheIVRrequestsaccountinformationfromAIR.
4.AIRinterrogatesAFtogettheSDPIPaddress.
5.AFreturnstheSDPIPaddress.
6.AIRusesthereturnedSDPIPaddresstorequestaccountandsubscriberdatainformationfromSDP.
7.SDPchecksifanyaccountupdatesarenecessaryandsendstheresultoftheaccountinformationrequests
backtoAIR.
8.AIRsendstherequestedinformationtotheIVR,forexamplepreferredlanguage.TheIVRplaysastandard
welcomeannouncementandamenuannouncement.ThesubscriberselectsthemenuoptionVoucherRefill
andentersthevoucheractivationnumber.
9.TheenteredactivationcodeandthemobilenumberofthesubscriberissenttoAIRforverification.
10.AIRrequestsaccountinformationfromSDP.
11.SDPsendstheresultoftheaccountinformationrequestbacktoAIR.AIRverifiesthatthesubscriberexists
andisnotbarredfromrefill.
12.AIRsendstheenteredvoucheractivationcodetotheVoucherServer(VS)forverification.
13.WhentheVShasverifiedthevoucheractivationcodeandreservedthevoucher,itreturnsaresponseto
AIR.

14.AIRreceivesaresponsefromtheVSindicatingiftheverificationwassuccessfulornot.Itwassuccessful,
soAIRsendsarefillrequesttoSDP.
15.TheaccountbalanceisincreasedinSDPdatabasefortheaccount.
16.SDPsendstheresultoftherefillbacktoAIR.
17.Therefillwassuccessful,soAIRrequeststheVStosetthevoucherinusedstate.
18.TheVSrespondswiththeresultbacktoAIR.
19.AIRsendsaresponsetotheIVRincludingtheaccountbalanceandanindicationiftherefillwas
successfulornot.ACDRincludingtherefilldataisgenerated.
20.TheIVRusesthevoiceprompttonotifythesubscriberoftheresult.
21.Thesubscriberreleasesthecall.
22.ACDRissenttotheMultiMediationSolutionasareceipt(optional).

BalanceEnquiryThroughIVR:
A.Considerthefollowingdiagram:

A Number Complete

Request A/C Information

A/C & Subscriber

Language & Balance Enquiry

Request A/C Information

Play Res Message

Subscriber Release

B.Explanation:
1.AnenquirycallisinitiatedbytheChargingSystemsubscriber.
2.ThecallisroutedtotheIVR.TheIVRchecksifthecallingpartynumberiscomplete.
3.TheIVRrequestsaccountinformationfromAIR.
4.AIRinterrogatesAFtogettheSDPIPaddress.

5.AFreturnstheSDPIPaddress.
6.AIRusesthereturnedSDPIPaddresstorequestaccountandsubscriberdatainformationfromSDP.
7.SDPchecksifanyaccountupdatesarenecessaryandsendstheresultoftheaccountinformationrequest
backtoAIR.
8.AIRsendstherequestedinformationtotheIVR,forexamplepreferredlanguage.TheIVRplaysastandard
welcomeannouncementandamenuannouncement.ThesubscriberselectsthemenuoptionBalanceEnquiry.
9.AbalanceenquiryrequestwiththemobilenumberofthesubscriberissenttoAIR.
10.AIRenquiresSDPforaccountinformation.
11.SDPsendstherequestedaccountinformationtoAIR.
12.AIRforwardstheaccountinformationtotheIVR.
13.TheIVRplaysaresponsemessage.
14.Thesubscriberreleasesthecall.
15.TheMSCinformstheIVRaboutthecompletionofthecall.

VoucherRefillThroughUSSD:
A.Considerthefollowingdiagram:

Service Code + Voucher Code

EMAP

A/C & Subscriber Data

Verify & Reserve Voucher

Activation code

Success Result
Balance Increase

Unbarred

Voucher Used

USSD Text String

CDR

Reformate Into USSD

Text String

B.Explanation:
1.AChargingSystemsubscriberoriginatesanUSSDmessagewiththeUSSDservicecodecorrespondingto
voucherrefillandthevoucheractivationcode.
2.TheMSCforwardsthemessagetotheHLR.
3.TheHLRanalysestheUSSDservicecodeandforwardsthemessagetoAIR.
4.AIRinterrogatesAFtogettheSDPIPaddress.
5.AFreturnstheSDPIPaddress.
6.AIRusesthereturnedSDPIPaddresstorequestaccountandsubscriberdatainformationfromSDP.
7.SDPchecksifanyaccountupdatesarenecessaryandsendstheresultoftheaccountinformationrequest
backtoAIR.AIRverifiesthatthesubscriberexistsandisnotbarredfromrefill.
8.AIRsendstheactivationcodetotheVSforverification.
9.WhentheVShasverifiedtheactivationcodeandreservedthevoucher,itreturnsaresponsetoAIR.
10.AIRreceivesaresponsefromtheVSindicatingiftheverificationwassuccessfulornot.Itwassuccessful,
soAIRsendsarefillrequesttoSDP.
11.TheaccountbalanceisincreasedintheSDPdatabase.
12.SDPsendstheresultoftherefillbacktoAIR.
13.Therefillwassuccessful,soAIRrequeststheVStosetthevoucherinusedstate.
14.TheVSrespondswiththeresultbacktoAIR.
15.AIRreformatstheresponseintoaUSSDtextstringandsendsittotheHLR.Theresponseissuccessful,so
theappropriatesuccessfulmessageissent,otherwiseafailureresponsewiththereasonforfailurewouldhave
beensent.ACDRincludingtherefilldataisgenerated.
16.TheHLRforwardstheresponsetotheMSCandtheresponseisdisplayedonthesubscribershandset.
17.ACDRissenttotheMultiMediationSolutionasareceipt(optional).

BalanceEnquiryThroughUSSD:
A.Considerthefollowingdiagram:

USSD Service Code

Account Information

Reformate Into USSD String

B.Explanation:
1.AChargingSystemsubscriberoriginatesaUSSDmessagewiththeUSSDservicecodecorrespondingto
enquiry.
2.TheMSCforwardsthemessagetotheHLR.
3.TheHLRanalysestheUSSDservicecodeandforwardsthemessagetoAIR.
4.AIRinterrogatesAFtogettheSDPIPaddress.
5.AFreturnstheSDPIPaddress.
6.AIRusesthereturnedSDPIPaddresstorequestaccountandsubscriberdatainformationfromSDP.
7.SDPsendstherequestedaccountinformationtoAIR.
8.AIRreformatstheresponseintoaUSSDtextstringandsendtotheHLR.Theresponseissuccessful,sothe
appropriatesuccessfulmessageissent,otherwiseafailureresponsewiththereasonforfailurewouldhave
beensent.
9.TheHLRforwardstheresponsetotheMSCandtheresponseisdisplayedonthesubscribershandset.

MNPPrepaidCallFlow:
A.AssumeAandBbothareVodafoneDelhiSubscribersindifferentMSC/MSScoveragearea.Considerthe
followingdiagram:

B.Explanation:
1.SubscriberA(prepaid)callstosubscriberB.
2.SinceAisprepaidfirstquery(IDP)hastogoIN/SCPwith"callingpartynumber"SubscriberAMSISDNand
"calledpartynumber"SubscriberBMSISDN.Hereischangefromnormalprepaidcallflow,innormalcaseIDP
wouldhavegonestraighttoservingSCPbutincaseofMNPIDPwillsenttoMNPserver.
3.MNPserverwillcheckitsdatabaseforBMSISDNandaddLRN/RNaccordingtooperatortowhichB
subscriberisregistered,inabovecaseitisVodafoneDelhi.AfteradditionofLRN/RNIDPisforwardedtoSCP.
4.IDPreceivedbySCPcontainsLRN/RN+BMSISDNin"calledpartynumber"fieldand"callingpartyfield"
containsA
MSISDN.ChargingisdoneonthebasisofLRN/RN.HereLRNisofVodafoneDelhisolocalcallratesapplyto
thiscall.InnormalscenarioChargingwouldhavebedoneonthebasisonBpartyMSISDN.Inresponseto
IDPSCPrevertwithConnect/ContinuemessagetoMSCwhichcontains"calledpartynumber"asLRN+B
MSISDN.
5.MSCcheckcalledpartynumberandremovesLRN(asitsownLRN)andforwardSRItoMNPserver.
HereafternormalMNPcallflowisfollowed.
6.MNPserverchecksBMSISDNandforwardSRItoHLR.
7.HLRquerieswithMSCBandprovideMSRNtoMSCA.
8.IAMissendouttoMSCBwithcallednumberatBpartyMSRN.Thereafternormalterminatingcallflow
takesplace.

GPRSAttach&PDPContextActivation:
A.Considerthefollowingdiagram:

B.Explanation:
1.Theterminalinitiatestheattachprocedureafterpoweron.The
messagecontainsthepreviouslyusedTMSI(TemporaryMobile
SubscriberId).Themobilenetworkidentity,thelocationarea
androutingareainformationisalsoincludedinthemessage.
2.TheSGSN(ServingGPRSSupportNode)searchesforTMSIinitsdatabase.
3.NoentryisfoundfortheTMSI,sotheSGSNusestheoldlocationareainformationtoidentifytheold
SGSNwherethisterminalwasbeingserved.

4.TheoldSGSNrespondswiththeGPRSmobile'sIMSI
(InternationalMobileSubscriberIdentity)totheSGSN.
5.TheSGSNaskstheterminaltoidentifyitself.
6.Theterminalrespondsback.
7.TheSGSNauthenticatestheGPRSmobilebysendingaRANDvalue
(arandomvalue).
8.TheSIMappliessecretGSMalgorithmsontheRANDandthe
secretkeyKitoobtainthesessionkeyKcandSRES.
9.ThecomputedSRESvalueispassedtotheSGSN.
10.TheSGSNthenrequeststheidentityoftheGPRSmobile.
11.GPRSmobilerespondsbackwiththeidentity.
12.VerifythatthatGPRSmobilebeingusedbytheuserisnota
stolenone.TheIMEI(InternationalMobileEquipmentIdentity)
obtainedfromtheGPRSmobileissenttotheEquipment
IdentificationRegister(EIR).
13.TheEIRclearsthesubscriberandrespondsbacktotheSGSNwiththestatus.
14.TheSGSNnowinformstheHomeLocationRegister(HLR)aboutthenewlocationoftheGPRSmobile.
15.TheHLRinformstheoldSGSNthattheGPRSmobilehasmoved
toanewlocation.
16.TheoldSGSNacknowledgesback.
17.TheHLRupdatesthenewSGSNwithallthesubscriberinformation.
18.TheSGSNrespondsbacktotheHLR.
19.TheHLRnowrespondsbacktotheSGSN's"UpdateLocation"
message.
20.Themobilehadinitiatedacombinedattach,sotheSGSNalsoupdatesthelocationinformationatthe
MSCVLRthatwillhandlethevoicecalls.
21.TheMSCalsoinitiatesanupdateattheHLR.Thesequenceof
actionshereisidenticaltothatoftheSGSN'sHLRupdate.
22.TheMSCinformstheSGSNthatithasfinishedthelocationupdate.
23.TheSGSNrespondsbacktotheoriginalGRPScombinedattach
requestfromthemobile.
24.TheGPRSmobileacknowledgesthereceiptof"AttachAccept".
25.TheAttachCompletesignalsthecompletionoftheattach
procedure.ThisispassedtotheMSCVLRas"TMSIReallocation
Complete".
25.TheGPRSmobilenowinitiatesthePDPcontextactivation
proceduretoobtaintheIPaddressforthedevice.TheAccessPointName(APN)specifiedbytheservice
providerispassedasaparameter.
26.TheSGSNinitiatesaDNSquerytofindtheGGSN(GlobalGPRSSupportNode)correspondingtotheAPN
specifiedbythemobile.
27.TheDNSprovidestheGGSNIPaddress.
28.TheSGSNroutesthePDPcontextactivationrequesttotheGGSN
correspondingtotheAPN.
29.TheGGSNauthenticatestheGPRSsubscriptionattheRADIUS
server.
30.TheRADIUSserversuccessfullyauthenticatesthesubscriberandrepliesbacktotheGGSN.
31.TheGGSNnowrequestsaDHCPserverforandynamicIPaddress
fortheGPRSmobile.
32.TheDHCPserverprovidestheIPaddress.
33.TheGGSNrespondsbacktotheSGSN,indicatingcompletionof
thePDPcontextactivationprocedure.
34.TheSGSNrepliesbacktotheGPRSmobile.ThissignalscompletionofthePDPcontextactivation.

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