LTE Uu Interface Protocol Stack

LTE Air Interface &
Signaling A-Z
Workshop
www.huawei.com
Prepared by: Ramy Khalil

NA NPS Department
Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1- LTE Uu interface protocol Stack
2- LTE Physical layer Basic concepts and processing procedures
3- LTE Signaling procedures and UE initialization flow

4- LTE Typical signaling procedures
Page1
Contents
LTE Protocol stack Introduction
NAS, RRC, PDCP, RLC & MAC Functions
Signal processing in PHY layer
OFDM & SC-FDMA overview
MIMO Introduction.
Page2
Introduction
E-UTRA
Uu
UE
1.4MHz, 3MHz,
5MHz, 10MHz,
15MHz, 20MHz
eNB
Page3
Introduction
Page4
LTE Control Plane and User Plane

NAS Control
Plane
E-UTRAN
EPC
S1-MME
UE
RRC
Control
Plane
MME
S11
eNB
S1-U
User
Plane
S5/S8
S-GW
Page5
PDN-GW
Control plan Protocol stack
Page6
User plan Protocol stack
Page7
DL & UL Data processing of User Plan
Page8
DL & UL Signaling processing of

Control Plan
Page9
Contents
MIMO Introduction.
Page10
NAS Signaling
EMM (EPS Mobility

Management)
MME
ESM (EPS Session
Management)
UE
eNB
Page11
NAS EMM and ESM Procedures

EMM Procedures
ESM Procedures
Attach
Default EPS Bearer Context Activation
Detach
Dedicated EPS Bearer Context Activation
Tracking Area Update
EPS Bearer Context Modification
Service Request
EPS Bearer Context Deactivation
Extended Service Request
UE Requested PDN Connectivity
GUTI Reallocation
UE Requested PDN Disconnect
Authentication
UE Requested Bearer Resource Allocation
Identification
UE Requested Bearer Resource Modification
Security Mode Control
ESM Information Request
EMM Status
ESM Status
EMM Information
NAS Transport
Paging
Page12
Radio Resource Control
Page13
RRC States
Page14
RRC Signaling Radio Bearer
Page15
Packet Data Convergence Protocol

Control Plane
Encryption
Integrity Checking
User Plane
IP Header Compression
Encryption
Sequencing and Duplicate Detection
NAS Signaling
RRC
PDCP
RLC
MAC
PHY
eNB
Page16
IP Header Compression
Page17
Radio Link Control

NAS Signaling
TM (Transparent Mode)
UM (Unacknowledged Mode)
AM (Acknowledged Mode)
Segmentation and Re-assembly
Concatenation
Error Correction
RRC
PDCP
RLC
MAC
PHY
eNB
Page18
Transmission Modes
Page19
AM Use ARQ
Page20
Concatenation & Segmentation
Page21
Medium Access Control

NAS Signaling
RRC
Channel Mapping and Multiplexing
Error Correction - HARQ
QoS Based Scheduling
PDCP
RLC
MAC
PHY
eNB
Page22
Scheduling
Page23
Scheduling strategies
Page24
TB, TTI & Transmission Format
Page25
HARQ
If receiver demodulate
Receiver will combine
The data in error, it will
retransmitted data
Save the data and
and initial data. If
Feedback NACK
correct, receiver would

feedback ACK.
Page26
ARQ vs. HARQ

ARQ
Implemented at RLC Layer
Slow Retransmission
Not optimized for Radio Interference
UE
eNB
HARQ
Not New used in HSPA and HSPA+
Implemented at MAC and PHY Layers
Fast Retransmission
Optimized for Radio Interference
Improved system efficiency
Page27
LTE Channels
Logical
Channels
RLC
MAC
Transport
Channels
PHY
Physical
Channels
Radio
Channel
Page28
LTE Release 8 Transport Channels

BCH
PCH
DL-SCH
UE
eNB
RACH
UL-SCH
Page29
Physical Layer
Error Detection
FEC Encoding/Decoding
Rate Matching
Mapping of Physical Channels
Power Weighting
Modulation and Demodulation
Frequency and Time Synchronization
Radio Measurements
MIMO Processing
Transmit Diversity
Beamforming
RF Processing
NAS Signaling
RRC
PDCP
RLC
MAC
PHY
eNB
Page30
Contents
MIMO Introduction.
Page31
LTE Transport Channel Processing
Page32
Transport Block CRC
Transport Block
Calculate
CRC
Calculate
CRC
CRC
Compare
Transport Block
Transmitter
CRC
Transport Block
Receiver
Possible radio
interface errors
Page33
CRC
Code Block CRC Attachment and

Segmentation
Transport Block CRC
Transport Block
CRC
CRC
Code Block #1
Code Block #2
Filler Bits
Code Block #3
Code Block CRC
Page34
Channel Coding
Transport Channel Coding Options
Transport Channel
Coding Method
Rate
Turbo Coding
1/3
Tail Biting Convolutional Coding
1/3
DL-SCH
UL-SCH
PCH
MCH
BCH
Page35
Rate Matching
dk(0)
Sub-block
Interleaver
vk(0)
dk(1)
Sub-block
Interleaver
vk(1)
dk(2)
Sub-block
Interleaver
vk(2)
Virtual
Circular
Buffer
Bit
wk
Bit Selection
Collection
and Pruning
Page38
ek
Code Block Concatenation

Code Block CRC Attachment and Segmentation
3800bits
4200bits
3840bits
4224bits
Channel Coding
Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
Code Block Concatenation

ek
ek
fk
Page39
OFDM Signal Generation

Codewords
Scrambling
Layers
Modulation
Mapper
Layer
Mapper
Scrambling
Antenna
Ports
Resource
Element
Mapper
OFDM
Signal
Generation
Resource
Element
Mapper
OFDM
Signal
Generation
Precoding
Modulation
Mapper
Page40
Scrambling
Interference
F1
F1
No
Scrambling
PRB
PRB
Less
Interference
eNB
PRB
Cell RNTI
specific
scrambling
eNB
PRB
The scrambling feature statistically improves the interference by scrambling the

information with a scrambling code based on the physical cell ID and RNTI.
Page41
Modulation Mapper
BPSK
QPSK
Q
1
-1
1
Q
0
1
-1
16QAM
Q
10
-1
11
00
1
-1
01
1011
1001
0001
0011
1010
1000
0000
0010
-3
-1
1110
1100
0100
0110
1111
1101
0101
0111
-1
-3
Page42
64 QAM Modulation Mapper

64QAM
Q
7
101111
101101
100101
100111
000111
000101
001101
001111
101110
101100
100100
100110
000110
000100
001100
001110
101010
101000
100000
100010
000010
000000
001000
001010
101011
101001
100001
100011
000011
000001
001001
001011
-7
-5
-3
-1
111011
111001
110001
110011
010011
010001
011001
011011
111010
111000
110000
110010
010010
010000
011000
011010
111110
111100
110100
110110
010110
010100
011100
011110
111111
111101
110101
110111
010111
010101
011101
011111
5
3
1
-1
-3
-5
-7
Page43
Codeword, Layer and Antenna Port

Mapping
Codeword
Rank 1
1
Rank 2
1
Rank 3
1
Rank 4
2
1 Layer
2 Layers
3 Layers
4 Layers
1, 2 or 4
Antenna
Ports
2 or 4
Antenna
Ports
4 Antenna
Ports
4 Antenna
Ports
Page44
Contents
OFDM & SC-FDMA Overview
MIMO Introduction.
Page47
General Revision
OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiple Access)
OFDM is a type of Multi-Carrier Transmission.
OFDM is a special case of FDM Technology.
It is a way of FDM but with the condition of orthogonality

OFDM is the DL Accessing Technique for LTE.
Think About the benefits?

Page48
Frequency Division Multiplexing

Guard Band
Subcarrier
Frequency
Channel
Bandwidth
Page49
OFDM Subcarriers
Orthogonal
Subcarriers
Centre Subcarrier
Not Orthogonal
Frequency
Channel
Bandwidth
Page50
Inverse Fast Fourier Transform

Subcarrier
Modulation
Coded
Bits
Serial
to
Parallel
Inverse Fast
Fourier
Transform
IFFT
RF
Complex
Waveform
Page51
Fast Fourier Transform

Subcarrier
Demodulation
Fast Fourier
Transform
Receiver
FFT
Parallel
Coded
to
Bits
Serial
Page52
OFDM Symbol Mapping

Modulated
OFDM
Symbol
Time
Amplitude
Cyclic
Prefix
Frequency
OFDM
Symbol
Page53
Inter Symbol Interference

1st Received
Signal
Delayed
Signal
Interference
Caused
Page54
OFDM & SC-FDMA
Page55
OFDM
Peak to Average Power Ratio
PAPR (Peak to Average
Power Ratio) Issue
Amplitude
OFDM
Symbol
Peak
Average
Time
Page56
Contents
RRC, PDCP, RLC & MAC Functions
MIMO Introduction
Page57
MIMO Historical Overview
Overview
Multi antenna systems is the use of multiple receive and/or transmit antennas
If one transmitting and many receiving, is called SIMO(single input multi output)
If many transmitting and one receiving, is called MISO(multi input single output)
If many transmitting and many receiving, is called MIMO(multi input multi output)
Multi antenna techniques are used to increase system performance including
capacity, coverage, QoS.
Benefit of MIMO
MIMO Channel Model
MIMO Modes
Page62
UL MIMO Technology
Page63
Beam Forming
The idea of beam forming is to direct the antenna

radiation pattern towards a certain group of users in a
certain place
This is done by multiplying by a certain pre-coding

Matrix calculated from user feedback about the channel
spatial characteristics
Beam Forming increases the SINR and decreases the

interference
It is not used till now in any operator
MIMO Transmission modes
Page65
Adaptive MIMO scheme
CQI, RI & PMI

Page66

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LTE Air Interface &

Prepared by: Ramy Khalil

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

3- LTE Signaling procedures and UE initialization flow

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Protocol stack Introduction

NAS, RRC, PDCP, RLC & MAC Functions

Signal processing in PHY layer

OFDM & SC-FDMA overview

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Control Plane and User Plane

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Control plan Protocol stack

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

User plan Protocol stack

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

DL & UL Data processing of User Plan

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

DL & UL Signaling processing of

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Protocol stack Introduction

NAS, RRC, PDCP, RLC & MAC Functions

Signal processing in PHY layer

OFDM & SC-FDMA overview

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

EMM (EPS Mobility

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

NAS EMM and ESM Procedures

Default EPS Bearer Context Activation

Dedicated EPS Bearer Context Activation

Tracking Area Update

EPS Bearer Context Modification

EPS Bearer Context Deactivation

Extended Service Request

UE Requested PDN Connectivity

UE Requested PDN Disconnect

UE Requested Bearer Resource Allocation

UE Requested Bearer Resource Modification

Security Mode Control

ESM Information Request

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Radio Resource Control

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

RRC Signaling Radio Bearer

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Packet Data Convergence Protocol

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Radio Link Control

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Concatenation & Segmentation

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Medium Access Control

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

TB, TTI & Transmission Format

Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.