From: http://physics.nist.

gov/constants

Fundamental Physical Constants Extensive Listing

Quantity

Symbol

Value

Unit

Relative std.
uncert. ur

UNIVERSAL
m s1
N A2
N A2
F m1

(exact)

0

299 792 458

4 107
= 12.566 370 614... 107
8.854 187 817... 1012

Z0

376.730 313 461...

(exact)

G
G/
hc
h

6.6742(10) 1011
6.7087(10) 1039
6.626 0693(11) 1034
4.135 667 43(35) 1015
1.054 571 68(18) 1034
6.582 119 15(56) 1016
197.326 968(17)

m3 kg1 s2
(GeV/c2 )2
Js
eV s
Js
eV s
MeV fm

1.5 104
1.5 104
1.7 107
8.5 108
1.7 107
8.5 108
8.5 108

2.176 45(16) 108

1.416 79(11) 1032
1.616 24(12) 1035
5.391 21(40) 1044

kg
K
m
s

7.5 105
7.5 105
7.5 105
7.5 105

speed of light in vacuum

magnetic constant

c, c0
0

electric constant 1/0 c2

characteristicpimpedance
of vacuum 0 /0 = 0 c
Newtonian constant
of gravitation
Planck constant
in eV s
h/2
in eV s
hc in Mev fm

Planck mass (
hc/G)1/2
Planck temperature (
hc5 /G)1/2 /k
Planck length h/mP c = (
hG/c3 )1/2
Planck time lP /c = (hG/c5 )1/2

mP
TP
lP
tP

(exact)
(exact)

ELECTROMAGNETIC
elementary charge

e
e/h

1.602 176 53(14) 1019

2.417 989 40(21) 1014

C
A J1

8.5 108
8.5 108

magnetic flux quantum h/2e

conductance quantum 2e2/h
inverse of conductance quantum
Josephson constant1 2e/h
von Klitzing constant2
h/e2 = 0 c/2

0
G0
G1
0
KJ

2.067 833 72(18) 1015

7.748 091 733(26) 105
12 906.403 725(43)
483 597.879(41) 109

Wb
S

Hz V1

8.5 108
3.3 109
3.3 109
8.5 108

RK

25 812.807 449(86)

3.3 109

Bohr magneton eh/2me

in eV T1

927.400 949(80) 1026

5.788 381 804(39) 105
13.996 2458(12) 109
46.686 4507(40)
0.671 7131(12)

J T1
eV T1
Hz T1
m1 T1
K T1

8.6 108
6.7 109
8.6 108
8.6 108
1.8 106

5.050 783 43(43) 1027

3.152 451 259(21) 108
7.622 593 71(65)
2.542 623 58(22) 102
3.658 2637(64) 104

J T1
eV T1
MHz T1
m1 T1
K T1

8.6 108
6.7 109
8.6 108
8.6 108
1.8 106

B /h
B /hc
B /k
nuclear magneton eh/2mp
in eV T1

N
N /h
N /hc
N /k

ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR

General

Page 1

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).

From: http://physics.nist.gov/constants

Fundamental Physical Constants Extensive Listing

Quantity

Symbol

Value

Unit

Relative std.
uncert. ur

fine-structure constant e2/40

hc
inverse fine-structure constant

7.297 352 568(24) 103

137.035 999 11(46)

Rydberg constant 2 me c/2h

R
R c
R hc

10 973 731.568 525(73)

3.289 841 960 360(22) 1015
2.179 872 09(37) 1018
13.605 6923(12)

m1
Hz
J
eV

6.6 1012
6.6 1012
1.7 107
8.5 108

a0

0.529 177 2108(18) 1010

3.3 109

Eh

4.359 744 17(75) 1018

27.211 3845(23)
3.636 947 550(24) 104
7.273 895 101(48) 104

J
eV
m2 s1
m2 s1

1.7 107
8.5 108
6.7 109
6.7 109

GeV2

8.6 106

R hc in eV
Bohr radius /4R = 40
h2/me e2
2
Hartree energy e /40 a0 = 2R hc
= 2 me c2
in eV
quantum of circulation

h/2me
h/me

3.3 109
3.3 109

Electroweak
Fermi coupling constant3
weak mixing angle4 W (on-shell scheme)
sin2 W = s2W 1 (mW /mZ )2

GF /(
hc)3

1.166 39(1) 105

sin2 W

0.222 15(76)

3.4 103

Electron, e
9.109 3826(16) 1031

kg

1.7 107

me c

5.485 799 0945(24) 104

8.187 1047(14) 1014
0.510 998 918(44)

u
J
MeV

4.4 1010
1.7 107
8.6 108

electron-muon mass ratio

electron-tau mass ratio
electron-proton mass ratio
electron-neutron mass ratio
electron-deuteron mass ratio
electron to alpha particle mass ratio

me /m
me /m
me /mp
me /mn
me /md
me /m

4.836 331 67(13) 103

2.875 64(47) 104
5.446 170 2173(25) 104
5.438 673 4481(38) 104
2.724 437 1095(13) 104
1.370 933 555 75(61) 104

electron charge to mass quotient

electron molar mass NA me
Compton wavelength h/me c
C /2 = a0 = 2/4R
classical electron radius 2 a0
Thomson cross section (8/3)re2

e/me
M (e), Me
C
C
re
e

1.758 820 12(15) 1011

5.485 799 0945(24) 107
2.426 310 238(16) 1012
386.159 2678(26) 1015
2.817 940 325(28) 1015
0.665 245 873(13) 1028

C kg1
kg mol1
m
m
m
m2

8.6 108
4.4 1010
6.7 109
6.7 109
1.0 108
2.0 108

electron magnetic moment

to Bohr magneton ratio
to nuclear magneton ratio
electron magnetic moment
anomaly |e |/B 1
electron g-factor 2(1 + ae )

e
e /B
e /N

928.476 412(80) 1026

1.001 159 652 1859(38)
1838.281 971 07(85)

J T1

8.6 108
3.8 1012
4.6 1010

ae
ge

1.159 652 1859(38) 103

2.002 319 304 3718(75)

electron mass
in u, me = Ar (e) u (electron
relative atomic mass times u)
energy equivalent
in MeV

Page 2

me
2

2.6 108
1.6 104
4.6 1010
7.0 1010
4.8 1010
4.4 1010

3.2 109
3.8 1012

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).

From: http://physics.nist.gov/constants

Fundamental Physical Constants Extensive Listing

Quantity

Symbol

electron-muon
magnetic moment ratio
electron-proton
magnetic moment ratio
electron to shielded proton
magnetic moment ratio
(H2 O, sphere, 25 C)
electron-neutron
magnetic moment ratio
electron-deuteron
magnetic moment ratio
electron to shielded helion5
magnetic moment ratio
(gas, sphere, 25 C)
electron gyromagnetic ratio 2|e |/
h

Value

Unit

Relative std.
uncert. ur

e /

206.766 9894(54)

2.6 108

e /p

658.210 6862(66)

1.0 108

e /0p

658.227 5956(71)

1.1 108

e /n

960.920 50(23)

2.4 107

e /d

2143.923 493(23)

1.1 108

e /0h

864.058 255(10)

1.2 108

e
e /2

1.760 859 74(15) 1011

28 024.9532(24)

s1 T1
MHz T1

8.6 108
8.6 108

1.883 531 40(33) 1028

kg

1.7 107

m c

0.113 428 9264(30)

1.692 833 60(29) 1011
105.658 3692(94)

u
J
MeV

2.6 108
1.7 107
8.9 108

muon-electron mass ratio

muon-tau mass ratio
muon-proton mass ratio
muon-neutron mass ratio
muon molar mass NA m

m /me
m /m
m /mp
m /mn
M (), M

206.768 2838(54)
5.945 92(97) 102
0.112 609 5269(29)
0.112 454 5175(29)
0.113 428 9264(30) 103

kg mol1

2.6 108
1.6 104
2.6 108
2.6 108
2.6 108

muon Compton wavelength h/m c

C, /2
muon magnetic moment
to Bohr magneton ratio
to nuclear magneton ratio

C,
C,

/B
/N

11.734 441 05(30) 1015

1.867 594 298(47) 1015
4.490 447 99(40) 1026
4.841 970 45(13) 103
8.890 596 98(23)

a
g

1.165 919 81(62) 103

2.002 331 8396(12)

5.3 107
6.2 1010

/p

3.183 345 118(89)

2.8 108

Muon,
muon mass
in u, m = Ar () u (muon
relative atomic mass times u)
energy equivalent
in MeV

muon magnetic moment anomaly

| |/(eh/2m ) 1
muon g-factor 2(1 + a )
muon-proton
magnetic moment ratio

m
2

m
m
J T1

2.5 108
2.5 108
8.9 108
2.6 108
2.6 108

Tau,
tau mass6
in u, m = Ar () u (tau
relative atomic mass times u)
energy equivalent

Page 3

m
2

m c

3.167 77(52) 1027

kg

1.6 104

1.907 68(31)
2.847 05(46) 1010

u
J

1.6 104
1.6 104

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).

From: http://physics.nist.gov/constants

Fundamental Physical Constants Extensive Listing

Quantity

Symbol

Value
1776.99(29)

in MeV

Unit

Relative std.
uncert. ur

MeV

1.6 104

tau-electron mass ratio

tau-muon mass ratio
tau-proton mass ratio
tau-neutron mass ratio
tau molar mass NA m

m /me
m /m
m /mp
m /mn
M (), M

3477.48(57)
16.8183(27)
1.893 90(31)
1.891 29(31)
1.907 68(31) 103

kg mol1

1.6 104
1.6 104
1.6 104
1.6 104
1.6 104

tau Compton wavelength h/m c

C, /2

C,
C,

0.697 72(11) 1015

0.111 046(18) 1015

m
m

1.6 104
1.6 104

1.672 621 71(29) 1027

kg

1.7 107

u
J
MeV

1.3 1010
1.7 107
8.6 108

C kg1
kg mol1

4.6 1010
2.6 108
1.6 104
5.8 1010
8.6 108
1.3 1010

Proton, p
proton mass
in u, mp = Ar (p) u (proton
relative atomic mass times u)
energy equivalent
in MeV

mp

mp c

1.007 276 466 88(13)

1.503 277 43(26) 1010
938.272 029(80)

proton-electron mass ratio

proton-muon mass ratio
proton-tau mass ratio
proton-neutron mass ratio
proton charge to mass quotient
proton molar mass NA mp

mp /me
mp /m
mp /m
mp /mn
e/mp
M (p), Mp

1836.152 672 61(85)

8.880 243 33(23)
0.528 012(86)
0.998 623 478 72(58)
9.578 833 76(82) 107
1.007 276 466 88(13) 103

proton Compton wavelength h/mp c

C,p /2
proton rms charge radius
proton magnetic moment
to Bohr magneton ratio
to nuclear magneton ratio

C,p
C,p
Rp
p
p /B
p /N

1.321 409 8555(88) 1015

0.210 308 9104(14) 1015
0.8750(68) 1015
1.410 606 71(12) 1026
1.521 032 206(15) 103
2.792 847 351(28)

proton g-factor 2p /N
proton-neutron
magnetic moment ratio
shielded proton magnetic moment
(H2 O, sphere, 25 C)
to Bohr magneton ratio
to nuclear magneton ratio
proton magnetic shielding
correction 1 0p /p
(H2 O, sphere, 25 C)

gp

5.585 694 701(56)

p /n
0p

1.459 898 05(34)

1.410 570 47(12) 1026

0p /B
0p /N

1.520 993 132(16) 103

2.792 775 604(30)

1.1 108
1.1 108

p0

25.689(15) 106

5.7 104

p
p /2

2.675 222 05(23) 108

42.577 4813(37)

s1 T1
MHz T1

8.6 108
8.6 108

p0

2.675 153 33(23) 108

s1 T1

8.6 108

proton gyromagnetic ratio 2p /

h
shielded proton gyromagnetic
ratio 20p /h
(H2 O, sphere, 25 C)

Page 4

m
m
m
J T1

6.7 109
6.7 109
7.8 103
8.7 108
1.0 108
1.0 108
1.0 108

JT

2.4 107
8.7 108

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).

From: http://physics.nist.gov/constants

Fundamental Physical Constants Extensive Listing

Quantity

Unit

Relative std.
uncert. ur

MHz T1

8.6 108

1.674 927 28(29) 1027

kg

1.7 107

u
J
MeV

5.5 1010
1.7 107
8.6 108

kg mol1

7.0 1010
2.6 108
1.6 104
5.8 1010
5.5 1010

Symbol

Value

p0 /2

42.576 3875(37)
Neutron, n

neutron mass
in u, mn = Ar (n) u (neutron
relative atomic mass times u)
energy equivalent
in MeV

mn

mn c

1.008 664 915 60(55)

1.505 349 57(26) 1010
939.565 360(81)

neutron-electron mass ratio

neutron-muon mass ratio
neutron-tau mass ratio
neutron-proton mass ratio
neutron molar mass NA mn

mn /me
mn /m
mn /m
mn /mp
M (n), Mn

1838.683 6598(13)
8.892 484 02(23)
0.528 740(86)
1.001 378 418 70(58)
1.008 664 915 60(55) 103

neutron Compton wavelength h/mn c

C,n /2
neutron magnetic moment
to Bohr magneton ratio
to nuclear magneton ratio

C,n
C,n
n
n /B
n /N

1.319 590 9067(88) 1015

0.210 019 4157(14) 1015
0.966 236 45(24) 1026
1.041 875 63(25) 103
1.913 042 73(45)

neutron g-factor 2n /N
neutron-electron
magnetic moment ratio
neutron-proton
magnetic moment ratio
neutron to shielded proton
magnetic moment ratio
(H2 O, sphere, 25 C)
neutron gyromagnetic ratio 2|n |/h

gn

3.826 085 46(90)

2.4 107

n /e

1.040 668 82(25) 103

2.4 107

n /p

0.684 979 34(16)

2.4 107

n /0p

0.684 996 94(16)

2.4 107

n
n /2

1.832 471 83(46) 108

29.164 6950(73)

m
m
J T1

6.7 109
6.7 109
2.5 107
2.4 107
2.4 107

s1 T1
MHz T1

2.5 107
2.5 107

3.343 583 35(57) 1027

kg

1.7 107

u
J
MeV

1.7 1010
1.7 107
8.6 108

kg mol1

4.8 1010
2.0 1010
1.7 1010

Deuteron, d
deuteron mass
in u, md = Ar (d) u (deuteron
relative atomic mass times u)
energy equivalent
in MeV

md

md c

2.013 553 212 70(35)

3.005 062 85(51) 1010
1875.612 82(16)

deuteron-electron mass ratio

deuteron-proton mass ratio
deuteron molar mass NA md

md /me
md /mp
M (d), Md

3670.482 9652(18)
1.999 007 500 82(41)
2.013 553 212 70(35) 103

deuteron rms charge radius

deuteron magnetic moment
to Bohr magneton ratio
to nuclear magneton ratio

Rd
d
d /B
d /N

2.1394(28) 1015
0.433 073 482(38) 1026
0.466 975 4567(50) 103
0.857 438 2329(92)

Page 5

m
J T1

1.3 103
8.7 108
1.1 108
1.1 108

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).

From: http://physics.nist.gov/constants

Fundamental Physical Constants Extensive Listing

Quantity

Symbol

deuteron-electron
magnetic moment ratio
deuteron-proton
magnetic moment ratio
deuteron-neutron
magnetic moment ratio

Value

Unit

Relative std.
uncert. ur

d /e

4.664 345 548(50) 104

1.1 108

d /p

0.307 012 2084(45)

1.5 108

d /n

0.448 206 52(11)

2.4 107

Helion, h
5.006 412 14(86) 1027

kg

1.7 107

mh c

3.014 932 2434(58)

4.499 538 84(77) 1010
2808.391 42(24)

u
J
MeV

1.9 109
1.7 107
8.6 108

mh /me
mh /mp
M (h), Mh
0h

5495.885 269(11)
2.993 152 6671(58)
3.014 932 2434(58) 103
1.074 553 024(93) 1026

kg mol1
J T1

2.0 109
1.9 109
1.9 109
8.7 108

0h /B
0h /N

1.158 671 474(14) 103

2.127 497 723(25)

1.2 108
1.2 108

0h /p

0.761 766 562(12)

1.5 108

0h /0p

0.761 786 1313(33)

4.3 109

h0

2.037 894 70(18) 108

s1 T1

8.7 108

h0 /2

32.434 1015(28)

MHz T1

8.7 108

6.644 6565(11) 1027

kg

1.7 107

m c

4.001 506 179 149(56)

5.971 9194(10) 1010
3727.379 17(32)

u
J
MeV

1.4 1011
1.7 107
8.6 108

m /me
m /mp
M (), M

7294.299 5363(32)
3.972 599 689 07(52)
4.001 506 179 149(56) 103

kg mol1

4.4 1010
1.3 1010
1.4 1011

helion mass5
in u, mh = Ar (h) u (helion
relative atomic mass times u)
energy equivalent
in MeV

mh

helion-electron mass ratio

helion-proton mass ratio
helion molar mass NA mh
shielded helion magnetic moment
(gas, sphere, 25 C)
to Bohr magneton ratio
to nuclear magneton ratio
shielded helion to proton
magnetic moment ratio
(gas, sphere, 25 C)
shielded helion to shielded proton
magnetic moment ratio
(gas/H2 O, spheres, 25 C)
shielded helion gyromagnetic
ratio 2|0h |/h
(gas, sphere, 25 C)

Alpha particle,
alpha particle mass
in u, m = Ar () u (alpha particle
relative atomic mass times u)
energy equivalent
in MeV
alpha particle to electron mass ratio
alpha particle to proton mass ratio
alpha particle molar mass NA m

m
2

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL
Avogadro constant
atomic mass constant
1
mu = 12
m(12 C) = 1 u

Page 6

NA , L

6.022 1415(10) 1023

mol1

1.7 107

mu

1.660 538 86(28) 1027

kg

1.7 107

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).

From: http://physics.nist.gov/constants

Fundamental Physical Constants Extensive Listing

Quantity

Symbol

= 103 kg mol1/NA
energy equivalent
in MeV
Faraday constant7 NA e

1.7 107
8.6 108
8.6 108

k/h
k/hc

3.990 312 716(27) 1010

0.119 626 565 72(80)
8.314 472(15)
1.380 6505(24) 1023
8.617 343(15) 105
2.083 6644(36) 1010
69.503 56(12)

J s mol1
J m mol1
J mol1 K1
J K1
eV K1
Hz K1
m1 K1

6.7 109
6.7 109
1.7 106
1.8 106
1.8 106
1.7 106
1.7 106

Vm
n0
Vm

22.413 996(39) 103

2.686 7773(47) 1025
22.710 981(40) 103

m3 mol1
m3
m3 mol1

1.7 106
1.8 106
1.7 106

S0 /R

1.151 7047(44)
1.164 8677(44)

c1
c1L
c2

5.670 400(40) 108

3.741 771 38(64) 1016
1.191 042 82(20) 1016
1.438 7752(25) 102

W m2 K4
W m2
W m2 sr1
mK

7.0 106
1.7 107
1.7 107
1.7 106

2.897 7685(51) 103

mK

1.7 106

NA h
NA hc
R
k

molar volume of ideal gas RT /p

T = 273.15 K, p = 101.325 kPa
Loschmidt constant NA /Vm
T = 273.15 K, p = 100 kPa
Sackur-Tetrode constant
(absolute entropy constant)8
5
2 3/2
kT1 /p0 ]
2 + ln[(2mu kT1 /h )
T1 = 1 K, p0 = 100 kPa
T1 = 1 K, p0 = 101.325 kPa
Stefan-Boltzmann constant
(2 /60)k 4/h3 c2
first radiation constant 2hc2
first radiation constant for spectral radiance 2hc2
second radiation constant hc/k
Wien displacement law constant
b = max T = c2 /4.965 114 231...

Relative std.
uncert. ur

J
MeV
C mol1

molar gas constant

Boltzmann constant R/NA
in eV K1

Unit

1.492 417 90(26) 1010

931.494 043(80)
96 485.3383(83)

mu c2

molar Planck constant

Value

3.8 106
3.8 106

See the Adopted values table for the conventional value adopted internationally for realizing representations of the volt using the Josephson effect.
2
See the Adopted values table for the conventional value adopted internationally for realizing representations of the ohm using the quantum Hall
effect.
3
Value recommended by the Particle Data Group (Hagiwara, et al., 2002).
4
Based on the ratio of the masses of the W and Z bosons mW /mZ recommended by the Particle Data Group (Hagiwara, et al., 2002). The value for
sin2 W they recommend, which is based on a particular variant of the modified minimal subtraction (MS) scheme, is sin2 W (MZ ) = 0.231 24(24).
5
The helion, symbol h, is the nucleus of the 3 He atom.
6
This and all other values involving m are based on the value of m c2 in MeV recommended by the Particle Data Group, (Hagiwara, et al.,
2002), but with a standard uncertainty of 0.29 MeV rather than the quoted uncertainty of 0.26 MeV, +0.29 MeV.
7
The numerical value of F to be used in coulometric chemical measurements is 96 485.336(16) [1.7 107 ] when the relevant current is measured in terms of representations of the volt and ohm based on the Josephson and quantum Hall effects and the internationally adopted conventional
values of the Josephson and von Klitzing constants KJ90 and RK90 given in the Adopted values table.
8
The entropy of an ideal monoatomic gas of relative atomic mass Ar is given by S = S0 + 23 R ln Ar R ln(p/p0 ) + 52 R ln(T /K). 9 The
relative atomic mass Ar (X) of particle X with mass m(X) is defined by Ar (X) = m(X)/mu , where mu = m(12 C)/12 = Mu /NA = 1 u is the
atomic mass constant, NA is the Avogadro constant, and u is the atomic mass unit. Thus the mass of particle X in u is m(X) = Ar (X) u and the
molar mass of X is M (X) = Ar (X)Mu .

Page 7

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).

From: http://physics.nist.gov/constants

10

This is the value adopted internationally for realizing representations of the volt using the Josephson effect.
This is the value adopted internationally for realizing representations of the ohm using the quantum Hall effect. a This is the lattice parameter
(unit cell edge length) of an ideal single crystal of naturally occurring Si free of impurities and imperfections, and is deduced from measurements
on extremely pure and nearly perfect single crystals of Si by correcting for the effects of impurities.
11

Page 8

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).