Professional Documents
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Manual FM 200 Flow Calc
Manual FM 200 Flow Calc
ENGINEERED SYSTEMS
DESIGN & FLOW CALCULATION MANUAL
For use with Chemetron FM-200 Flow Calculation Program CHEM-200
Contents
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
REVISION PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
GENERAL COMMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1
2
4
8
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agent Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Piping System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Discharge Nozzle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FLOW CALCULATIONS
12
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
12
16
17
19
50
Design Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Design Philosophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nozzle and Piping Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hydraulic Flow Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Two-Phase Hydraulics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APPENDIX
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Example 5
Example 6
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURE NUMBER
DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATION
PAGE NO.
1.2.4.1A
1.2.4.1B
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.3.7A
1.3.7B
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.5
1.4.6
2.1.1.5
2.1.1.6A
Orientation of Tees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.1.1.6B
2.3A
2.3B
2.4.1
2.4.1.1.A
2.4.1.1.B
2.4.1.1.C
2.4.1.1.D2
2.4.1.1.D3
2.4.1.2
2.4.1.2.A2
2.4.1.3
2.4.1.3.A3
2.4.1.3.A7
2.4.1.3.A8
2.4.1.3.A9
2.4.1.3.C
Flow Calc Program Screen View - Piping Data - Fixed Pounds & Orifices . . . . . 34
2.4.1.4.A
2.4.1.4.B
2.4.1.4.C
2.4.1.4.D
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURE NUMBER
DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATION
PAGE NO.
2.4.1.5
2.4.1.5.C
2.4.1.5.D
2.4.3.1
2.4.5
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
PAGE NO.
2.4.1.1.C
2.4.1.3A8
Pipe Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Fitting Equivalent Length Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Cylinder/Check Valve Equivalent Length Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3/8" 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle Drill Nos/Diameter Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
1/2" 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle Drill Nos/Diameter Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3/4" 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle Drill Nos/Diameter Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
1" 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle Drill Nos/Diameter Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
1-1/4" 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle Drill Nos/Diameter Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
1-1/2" 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle Drill Nos/Diameter Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2" 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle Drill Nos/Diameter Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
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REVISION SHEET
Date of issue for original and revised pages is:
Original . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 15, 1995
Revision 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 10, 1996
Revision 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 17, 1996
Revision 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 4, 1997
Revision 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 1, 1997
Revision A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 20, 1998
Revision B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . July 31, 1999
Revision B-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . January 10, 2000
Revision C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . January 5, 2001
Revision D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 17, 2001
Revision E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 26, 2001
Revision F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 15, 2001
Revision G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 4, 2002
Revision H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . January 23, 2003
Revision I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 16, 2004
Revision J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . January 1, 2005
Revision K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . May 26, 2006
Section Number
Page Numbers
Revision Date
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REVISION SHEET
Section Number
Page Numbers
Revision Date
Section 2.2.1 - 2.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 4, 1997
Section 2.2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 26, 2001
Section 2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 4, 1997
Section 2.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 - 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 26, 2001
Section 2.3 (Figures 2.3A & 2.3B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
Section 2.3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 1, 1997
Section 2.3.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 26, 2001
Section 2.3.4 - 2.3.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 - 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 1, 1997
Section 2.4 - 2.4.1.1.C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 - 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 16, 2004
Table 2.4.1.1.C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . May 26, 2006
Section 2.4.1.1.C - 2.4.1.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 - 32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 16, 2004
Section 2.4.1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . May 26, 2006
Section 2.4.1.3 - 2.4.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 - 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 16, 2004
Section 2.4.6 - 2.5.1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 - 52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . January 5, 2001
Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 1, 1997
Appendix - Example #1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 - 60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 16, 2004
Appendix - Example #2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 - 66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 16, 2004
Appendix - Example #3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 - 72 . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 16, 2004
Appendix - Example #4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 - 78 . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 16, 2004
Appendix - Example #5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 - 84 . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 16, 2004
Appendix - Example #6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 - 90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 16, 2004
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Foreword
Chemetron Fire Systems reserves the right to revise and improve its products as it deems necessary without
notification. This publication is intended to describe the state of this product at the time of its publication, and may
not reflect the product at all times in the future. The software screen prints depicted in this manual are presented
for reference and example purposes only and may not reflect the most current version of the FM-200 Flow
Calculation software (CHEM-200.exe and support files).
This technical manual provides the necessary information for designing and performing flow calculations for a
Chemetron FM-200 Engineered System. This is a single volume technical manual arranged in 2 sections, followed by an Appendix.
This publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form, by any method, for any purpose, without
the express written consent of Chemetron Fire Systems.
Any questions concerning the information presented in this manual should be addressed to the Matteson Office.
Copyright 2006 Chemetron Fire Systems. All Rights Reserved.
Chemetron Fire Systems and Cardox are registered trademarks of Chemetron Fire Systems.
FM-200 is a registered trademark of Chemtura, Inc..
A World of Protection
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General Comments
FM-200 Systems using concentrations below 6.25% are not UL & ULC Listed nor Factory Mutual
Approved.
UL, ULC & FM Approvals require multiple tiers of nozzles for heights above 16' 0" (4.88 M).
The calculation method used by Chemetron Fire systems has been investigated using A-53, Schedule
40 pipe and 300 lb malleable iron fittings for test installations.
When specified limitations noted in this manual and in the Chemetron software are not maintained,
there is the risk that the system will not supply the required amount of extinguishing agent.
For installation, design, operation and maintenance of Chemetron Fire Systems FM-200 Fire
Suppression Systems, please refer to the Alpha Series Engineered Systems Design, Installation,
Operation and Maintenance Manual, Part Number 30000050, Beta & Gamma Series Engineered
Systems Design, Installation, Operation and Maintenance Manual, Part Number 30000030, and
the Sigma Series Engineered Systems Design, Installation, Operation and Maintenance Manual,
Part Number 30000049.
For installation, design, operation and maintenance of Chemetron Fire Systems FM-200 Fire Protection
Systems for Marine Service, please refer to the Marine Service (with Nitrogen Actuation) Design,
Installation, Operation and Maintenance Manual, Part Number 30000064 and the Marine Service
(with CO2 Actuation) Design, Installation, Operation and Maintenance Manual, Part Number
30000047.
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1.1
Introduction
1.1.1
Decomposition
An adverse characteristic of FM-200 is that it will decompose into toxic and corrosive byproducts if
exposed to fire or to objects heated above 1,300F (704C). Such decomposition is kept at a negligible
level by rapidly discharging the agent so as to extinguish the flames promptly. This minimizes the quantity
of agent that passes through a flame front at concentrations too low for flame extinguishment. The
problem of FM-200 decomposition has led to a requirement in NFPA 2001 that discharge of 95 percent
of the agent mass needed to achieve minimum design concentration be discharged within 10 seconds.
This 10 second discharge time requirement is very important in hazards where flammable liquids are
likely to be the fuel.
1.1.2
Design Difficulties
The requirement for a rapid discharge makes it more difficult to adequately mix or distribute FM-200
in the hazard area, but proper nozzle and orifice design can overcome this problem. The two-phase
nature of the FM-200 agent as it flows through pipes and orifices complicates the design of agent distribution piping networks. The use of a computer program overcomes this difficulty. The two-phase
compressible nature of agent flow also demands that piping installations are done in rigorous conformance
to the system design parameters. Such things as pipe that is rougher than the norm or the addition of
unanticipated changes in pipe direction can introduce performance problems - especially if the system
is unbalanced and intended to simultaneously flood separate compartments. Simple piping layouts
help overcome this difficulty.
1.1.3
Flow Calculation
Pipe and nozzles for Chemetron FM-200 systems are sized using a computer program. The program
is based on recognized hydraulic theory and the results of the program have been verified in rigorous
laboratory tests. Calculations made with this program have been checked by FM Approvals, UL, and
ULC to assure accuracy and determine the limitations beyond which it is not practicable to predict results
accurately. The calculations are based on an ambient cylinder temperature of 70F 10F (21.1C 5.5C).
Therefore, the cylinder shall be located in a climate controlled environment to ensure a temperature
consistently within this range. Calculations performed on systems where the cylinders are not maintained
within this range may not be accurate and the designed quantities of agent may not be discharged from
one or more discharge nozzles.
1.1.4
System Check
While the basic computer program used for calculating pipe and orifice sizes cannot be checked by
manual means, there is a definite need to check the input information upon which the calculation is based.
Since there may be inadvertent or necessary changes due to on-site job conditions, it is also essential
to check the system as calculated against the system as installed. All of this does not preclude the
desirability of an actual discharge test on the installed system to check for unanticipated circumstances
that might influence overall system performance.
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1.2
Agent Characteristics
1.2.1
1.2.2
Nitrogen Superpressure
When a storage container is pressurized with nitrogen, some of the nitrogen goes into solution in the
liquid phase. The volume of the liquid phase increases slightly because of the addition of nitrogen, which
behaves as though it were liquefied. The remainder of the nitrogen remains in the vapor phase where
it combines with the partial pressure of FM-200 vapor to produce the desired level of pressurization when
the system is in equilibrium at 70F (21.1C). If the ambient temperature rises, the pressure will increase
and the volume of the liquid portion will also increase.
1.2.3
System Discharge
The delivery of FM-200 into the hazard area is accomplished by means of a piping network that terminates
in one or more specially designed discharge nozzles. In order to best study the discharge of FM-200
from the storage cylinder to the hazard area, it is desirable to consider the delivery system in three parts:
the storage container, the piping system, and the discharge nozzle.
1.2.4
1.2.4.1
Pressure Recession
Pressure recession curves for filling densities of 35, 40, 50, 60, and 70 lbs./cu.ft. have been calculated
and are plotted in Figure 1.2.4.1A. These calculated pressure recession curves are based upon an
assumption of thermodynamic equilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases in the storage cylinder.
In an actual system discharge, a sharp drop in pressure is noted during the initial rush of liquid into the
pipeline. Figure 1.2.4.1B shows actual pressure versus time data taken during an FM-200 discharge.
The cylinder pressure initially falls below the pressure calculated for the equilibrium condition. This effect
is due to a time lag between the initial depressurization and the boiling of the liquid in the storage
container. As soon as the liquid begins to boil violently forming vapor bubbles, the surface area of the
liquid-vapor interface increases at a tremendous rate and the cylinder pressure recovers to follow the
pressure recession curves for saturation equilibrium. It is assumed that virtually all of the vapor formed
by boiling in the cylinder remains in the cylinder during the discharge and only the liquid phase enters
the pipeline. Depending upon the initial fill density, between 92% and 97% of the total contents is
discharged as liquid, with the remaining agent following as a residual vapor phase.
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350
PRESSURE (PSIA)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
PERCENT DISCHARGED
70 LB./CU.FT.
60 LB./CU. FT.
50 LB./CU. FT.
40 LB./CU. FT.
30 LB./CU.FT.
Figure 1.2.4.1A Calculated pressure in the storage container versus the percent of agent supply discharged from the container is
plotted for the 360 psig system.
Figure 1.2.4.1B Pressure versus time data taken during an actual FM-200 discharge at 70 lbs/cu.ft. fill density.
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1.3
1.3.1
Pipeline Flow
The liquid continues to boil because of further pressure drop as it flows through the pipeline. Hence,
the agent flowing in the pipeline is a true two-phase mixture of liquid and vapor. Since the volume of
the vapor phase increases rapidly with the dropping pressure, the average density of the mixture falls
off from an initial value of about 100 lbs/cu.ft. as it leaves the cylinder to values of 20 lbs/cu.ft. or less,
depending upon the pressure at the end of the pipeline. In order to maintain a constant flow rate through
the pipeline, the velocity must continuously increase and, of course, the rate of pressure drop per foot
of pipe also increases. Hence, the rate of pressure drop for a given flow rate is not linear as with water,
but is a variable depending upon the density existing at the particular point in the pipeline.
1.3.2
Pipeline Density
Figure 1.3.2 Calculated pipeline densities plotted versus pipeline pressure for increments of liquid leaving the cylinder at
various stages during a discharge.
The density of the two-phase mixture in the pipeline can be calculated on the basis of the thermodynamic
properties of the agent taking into account the effects of the nitrogen used for superpressurization. The
density of the agent as it leaves the cylinder varies from the start to the completion of the liquid phase
of the discharge. The starting density is lowest for the first portion of liquid to leave the cylinder and
becomes progressively greater until the final portion of liquid leaves the cylinder. Figure 1.3.2 shows
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the density-pressure curves for increments of liquid leaving the cylinder at various stages during the
discharge of a 360 psig (25.8 bar) storage container. Curves are shown for the 50th percentile to leave
the cylinder (pipe holds 0% of the agent supply) and the 97th percentile to leave the cylinder (pipe holds
approximately 50% of the agent supply during discharge). The pipeline pressure density condition is
calculated based on the actual percent agent held in the pipe during discharge. If necessary, percent
in the pipe values other than 0% and 50% are found by extrapolation.
1.3.3
Temperature
Figure 1.3.3 Calculated agent temperature versus pressure as agent flows through pipeline.
As the agent flows from the cylinder into the pipeline, the drop in cylinder pressure is accompanied by
a drop in temperature. Figure 1.3.3 is a plot of agent temperature versus pressure in the cylinder during
the discharge of a 360 psig (25.8 bar) storage container filled to 70 lb/ft3 (1121.3 kg/m3). As the agent
flows down the pipeline, the additional drop in pressure is likewise accompanied by a further drop in
the agent temperature. The net effect is the introduction of a cold liquid into the pipeline at ambient
temperature.
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1.3.4
1.3.5
Liquid Flow
At the beginning of the discharge, there will be a time delay between the opening of the cylinder valve
and the time at which liquid begins to discharge from the nozzles. This delay in liquid arrival time at
the nozzle is due to three physical phenomena: evacuation of air from the pipe, the time needed for the
pressure wave to travel from the cylinder outlet to the nozzles, and vaporization of some liquid FM-200
due to heat input from the pipe. The delay for each nozzle to begin discharging liquid may vary in an
unbalanced system - nozzles close to the cylinder may begin discharging liquid somewhat before more
distant nozzles. After these initial transient conditions, the mass flow rate in the system is relatively
constant until the last of the liquid phase leaves the cylinder. The last slug of liquid leaving the cylinder
is propelled by residual vapor in the cylinder. Transient conditions again take effect as the liquid discharge
ends and the nozzles discharge the residual vapor. The end of liquid occurs at slightly different times
for the various nozzles. Nozzles closer to the cylinder generally will stop discharging liquid sooner than
more distant nozzles.
1.3.6
Phase Separation
As already noted in paragraph 1.3.1, the liquid phase of the discharge, in reality, contains a mixture of
both liquid and vapor. In a properly sized pipeline, the velocity will be so great that the flow is in a highly
turbulent state and the liquid and vapor phases will be uniformly mixed. However, if the pipe size is too
large for the flow rate, the liquid and vapor phase may tend to separate. If such separation does occur,
the pipeline flow pattern will take one of two forms - both of them very undesirable: 1) alternate slugs
of liquid and vapor will flow through the pipe; or 2) the liquid phase will run along the bottom of the pipeline
while the vapor phase flows above it. If such separation were to occur in a branch line leading directly
to a nozzle, the discharge from that nozzle would be sporadic due to the alternate flow of the liquid and
vapor phases. The computerized flow calculation also uses a friction factor for system piping that is
based on turbulent flow conditions. In order to help assure turbulent flow, minimum flow rates are
specified based on pipe diameter. The minimum flow rates are tabulated in paragraph 2.1.1.5.
1.3.7
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Figure 1.3.7A The effects of mechanical separation as reflected in the quantity of agent discharged from nozzles
supplied by a bullhead tee.
Figure 1.3.7B The effect of mechanical separation on the quantity of agent discharged from nozzles fed by a sidethru tee.
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1.4
1.4.1
45
40
35
50% LEAVING CYLINDER
0% IN PIPE
97%
47%
30
25
20
15
10
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
PRESSURE (PSIA)
Figure 1.4.1
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1.4.2
Nozzle Rating
Nozzles are rated in terms of their efficiency relative to perfect flow from an open ended pipe. Thus,
all nozzle rates will fall between 0 and 100 percent. It is not possible to increase the rate of flow from
a pipeline by attaching a nozzle. Hence, it is impossible to have a nozzle with efficiency greater than
100. Because of geometry considerations for the Chemetron 8 port nozzle, the maximum ratio of nozzle
orifice area to feed pipe area is limited to 85% for all nozzles except the 1/4" NPT nozzle. The limit is
75% for the 1/4" NPT nozzle. This information has been plotted in Figure 1.4.2.
NOTE
THE 1/4" NOZZLES ARE NOT UL LISTED OR FM APPROVED.
90%
80%
EFFICIENCY (%)
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
1/4" NPT NOZZLE
20%
10%
0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Figure 1.4.2 Nozzle efficiencies for the Chemetron 8 port nozzle are related to the ratio of total orifice area to feed-pipe area. See
Note in Paragraph 1.4.2.
1.4.3
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1.4.4
1.4.5
350
PRESSURE (PSIA)
300
MID-DISCHARGE PRESSURE
IN CYLINDER
250
200
150
20% AGENT
IN PIPE
50% AGENT
DISCHARGED FROM
THE NOZZLE
100
50
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Figure 1.4.5
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1.4.6
Percent-in-the-Pipeline
The calculated average cylinder pressures during discharge are based on the above consideration. Figure
1.4.6 shows the relationship between the average pressure in the cylinder during nozzle discharge and
the ratio of the pipe volume to the volume of the agent supply expanded under flowing conditions.
This latter quantity shall be referred to simply as the Percent-in-the-Pipe.
Figure 1.4.6 The mid-discharge pressure in the cylinder during nozzle discharge is a function of the percent of agent supply
needed to fill the pipeline.
1.4.7
1.4.8
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Flow Calculations
2.1
Design Criteria
The Chemetron Fire Systems method of flow calculation is embodied in a computer program that is
capable of computing flow to a very high degree of accuracy, provided proper input data is supplied.
2.1.1
Limitations
Any distribution system that does not employ exactly the same actual and equivalent lengths of pipe
from the storage cylinder to each nozzle, and the same orifice sizes for each nozzle has some degree
of system imbalance. Such systems are, however, the rule rather than the exception. Due to structural
components present at the job site, it is often impossible to install perfectly balanced piping systems.
However, it is desirable to maintain balanced piping whenever possible.
2.1.1.1
2.1.1.2
2.1.1.3
2.1.1.4
Discharge Time
NFPA 2001 currently requires that 95% of the design quantity shall be discharged within 10 seconds
or less from start of discharge. A system must, therefore, be designed to meet this criterion unless the
authority having jurisdiction permits a longer discharge time. The Chemetron program is listed for discharge times between 5 seconds and 10 seconds.
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2.1.1.5
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
350
300
180
160
140
6"
120
5"
100
200
80
150
4"
60
100
1/2"
50
3/8"
1 1/2"
1"
3/4"
3"
2 1/2"
1 1/4"
2"
Flow Rate(lb/sec)
250
40
20
0
0
Pipe ID (inches)
Figure 2.1.1.5 Minimum Flow Rates. The pipe that can be used for a given flow rate is based upon the minimum flow rate
required to maintain complete turbulence.
2.1.1.6
Tee Installation
Pipe tees supplying branch lines are to be installed with both outlets discharging horizontally.
This is to eliminate any possible effect of gravity upon the degree of liquid-vapor separation. This limitation
does not apply to manifold piping for groups of cylinders where flow is combining rather than dividing.
There must be a minimum of 10 nominal pipe diameters between an elbow and the inlet to any tee (does
not apply in manifolds where flow is combining).
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Figure 2.1.1.6A - Orientation of Tees: Tee outlets should be placed in the horizontal plane to minimize gravitational effects
on liquid - vapor separation
Figure 2.1.1.6B - Minimum Distance From Elbow to Tee: Minimizes centripetal effects on liquid - vapor separation before
entering a flow split.
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2.1.1.7
2.1.1.8
2.1.1.9
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2.2
Design Philosophy
The basic philosophy underlying the method of flow calculation presented herein is to provide a mathematical model of the events that take place during an actual FM-200 discharge. In the final analysis,
the main criteria for a good design procedure is that it accurately predict the amount of agent
that each nozzle in the system will discharge. The calculating procedure has been tested and shown
to be accurate within plus 10% or minus 10% of the actual distribution. All of the considerations mentioned
in the first chapter of this manual are taken into account in the computerized method of system design.
The following considerations are also made in the computerized design procedure.
2.2.1
2.2.2
Velocity Head
The velocity of flow is constantly changing as the agent proceeds from the storage cylinder in route to
the nozzles. This conversion of pressure energy to velocity, necessitated by the changing density, is
accounted for in the two-phase flow equation. When a change in pipe size is encountered or when the
flow branches, an added change in the velocity of flow must occur. If the velocity is increased, there
will be a drop in pressure to provide the energy needed for acceleration. If the velocity is reduced, a
portion of the velocity head energy is converted back to pressure. These changes are over and above
those accounted for in the two-phase energy conservation equation. Correction for these effects is
automatically made in the computer program.
2.2.3
Elevation Changes
Head pressure corrections are made in each pipe section where a change of elevation takes place.
The corrections are based upon the calculated density of the fluid as it enters each such section.
When the elevation difference between outlet tees is in excess of 30 feet (9.1 m), consideration should
be given to rerouting piping to reduce the elevation difference between tees. Even though sound
engineering theory is used to predict pressure changes due to elevation, no actual testing has been
performed incorporating the combination of maximum and/or minimum limits with elevations.
1. If nozzles are located above the container outlet, then the maximum elevation difference between
the container outlet and the furthest horizontal pipe run or discharge nozzle (whichever is furthest)
shall not exceed 30 feet (9.1 m).
2. If nozzles are only located below the container outlet, then the maximum elevation difference between
the container outlet and the furthest horizontal pipe run or discharge nozzle (whichever is furthest)
shall not exceed 30 feet (9.1 m).
3. If nozzles are located both above and below the container outlet, then the maximum elevation
difference between the furthest horizontal pipe runs or discharge nozzles (whichever is furthest)
shall not exceed 30 feet (9.1 m).
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2.3
2.3.1
Nozzle Location
The Chemetron Fire Systems line of total flooding nozzles was tested to demonstrate adequate distribution
over a nominal area of 1,412 ft2 (131.2 m2).
The 360 nozzle cannot be mounted in a corner or against a wall. The maximum discharge radius
is 26.6 ft (8.1 m). A single nozzle may be used to flood a rectangular area of a nominal 1,412
ft2 (131.2 m2), with the longest side of this rectangle not to exceed 37 feet 7 inches (11.45 m).
Nozzles must be oriented so that a pair of orifice holes parallels the wall of the enclosure.
These nozzles should be centered in the area of protection when multiple nozzles are discharged
into the same hazard.
The maximum throw distance of the 180 nozzle is 37.0 ft (11.3 m). The maximum distance between
180 nozzles is 37.6 feet (11.5 m). The maximum coverage distance from the nozzle to a wall is
18.8 feet (5.7 m). The 180 nozzle must be installed at no more than 6 inches (15.2 cm) from the
enclosure wall and at a maximum of 9.25 inches (23.5 cm) down from the ceiling.
For UL, ULC, and FM Approvals, the maximum enclosure height that may be flooded by a single
tier of nozzles is 16 feet (4.88 m) with the nozzle located no more than 9.25 inches (23.5 cm) below
the ceiling.
Before using a single nozzle at the maximum area or volume rating, consideration should be given to
whether the contents of the hazard might be damaged by the resultant high velocity discharge. In hazards
such as computer rooms or areas where fragile apparatus is stored, the number of nozzles used to flood
an area should be increased so as to limit discharge velocities to a safe level. After considering possible
damage to the hazard by the FM-200 discharge and determining a reasonable area [not to exceed 1,412
ft2 (131.2 m2)] to be covered by each nozzle, the nozzles should be located. The Chemetron 8 port nozzles
must be placed in the center of each area. The discharge rate for each nozzle should be based upon
flooding the volume protected by that nozzle within the design discharge time.
2.3.2
Underfloor Nozzles
The maximum area of coverage for a single nozzle in an underfloor is likewise 1,412 ft2 (131.2 m2) with
the same limitations on height and positioning noted in the preceding paragraphs. The MINIMUM height
of an underfloor that may be protected is 12 inches (30.5 cm). The coverage possible in an underfloor
is dependent upon the density of cables, runways, and other equipment that might be present in the
underfloor space. The maximum figures should be used only for underfloors that will be relatively open.
This requires some judgment on the part of the designer, but in general, if the horizontal line of sight
is more than 70% obstructed in an underfloor, these maximum figures should be reduced by 50%.
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2.3.3
2.3.4
Pipe Routing
The piping between storage containers and nozzles should be by the shortest route, with a minimum
of elbows and fittings. Every attempt should be made to keep the system in reasonable balance by
supplying the nozzles from a central point, if this can be done without substantially increasing the length
and volume of the piping. The maximum pipe run permissible will be somewhat proportional to the total
quantity of agent to be discharged. All piping elevation changes should be clearly indicated so that these
will not be overlooked in flow calculations.
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2.3.5
Pipe Sections
The piping system must now be divided into sections and identified for flow calculation purposes. An
isometric sketch of the piping is helpful at this point. (Refer to Figures 2.3A and 2.3B.) Beginning at
the first storage cylinder, the first piping section shall begin at point 1 within the cylinder and terminate
at point 2 where the connector from the cylinder joins the cylinder manifold. The next section, beginning
at point 2, must include the entire straight portion of the manifold. A new pipe section is identified
whenever there is a change of pipe size or flow rate, or an elevation change. Pipe sections terminate
at the junction of each tee in the system and tees are included in the sections that follow them. Nozzles
are identified by a series of ID numbers from 301 to 559.
2.4
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2.4.1
Commands Available
This area has been subdivided into five categories:
System Information
Hazard Information
Piping Model Data
Calculate and Display Results
Clear All Current Data
For reference only, a Vol/Lbs/% calculator, a CARDOX valve equivalent length chart, and a minimum
flow rate chart have been included.
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2.4.1.1
System Information
Within the System Information screen there are four submenus:
Project Data
Revision
Cylinder Data
Configuration Variables
A. The Project Data section consists of the following data:
1.
2.
3.
4.
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B. Revision: This data field is used to track versions/changes on a specific data file and/or submittal.
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WARNING
WHEN THE CYLINDER CAPACITY FIELD FOR USER SPECIFIED BETA, GAMMA, AND SIGMA CYLINDERS IS USED,
FACTORY MUTUAL APPROVAL AND UL LISTING HAVE BEEN VOIDED.
MINIMUM
LBS
CAPACITY
MAXIMUM
KG
LBS
CYLINDER
KG
Alpha Cylinders
MINIMUM
LBS
MAXIMUM
KG
LBS
KG
Beta Cylinders
Alpha 10#
2.7
12
5.4
Beta 40#
21
9.5
41
18.6
Alpha 20#
12
5.4
23
10.4
Beta 55#
28
12.7
55
24.9
Beta 95#
48
21.8
96
43.5
Gamma Cylinders
Gamma 150#
82
37.2
163
73.9
Gamma 250#
138
62.6
274
124.3
Sigma 600#
304
137.9
607
275.3
Gamma 400#
211
95.7
421
191.0
Sigma 750#
455
206.4
910
412.8
Gamma 550#
282
127.9
500
226.8
Sigma 1000#
620
281.2
1,000
562.0
Sigma Cylinders
NOTE: Chemetron Alpha cylinder/valve assemblies are not UL and ULC listed.
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4. Max Capacity: This is a read only field and is intended to inform the user of the maximum
capacity of FM-200 to which the cylinder selected may be filled.
5. Pipe Temp: The initial average pipe temperature shall be inputted here to accurately calculate
the vapor portion of the discharge. UL listing and FM approval is based upon a temperature
of 70F 10F (21.1C 5.5C). Calculations performed on systems where the cylinders are
not maintained within this range may not be accurate and the required quantities of agent may
not be discharged from one or more discharge nozzles.
6. Cylinder Volume [ft3 (m3)]: This heading will only appear when either the Beta User Specified,
Gamma User Specified, or Sigma User Specified cylinder option is selected. This shall be
used to accurately compute the minimum and maximum fills for a unique cylinder.
7. Main/Reserve: Automatically adds the equivalent length of a required check valve for main and
reserve systems.
D. The Configuration Variables section consists of the following data:
1. Report Title: The data entered here will appear in the general heading area on all printouts.
The intended use is to allow Chemetron distributors to incorporate their company name into the
printouts.
2. Altitude: This data field allows for the installation of a system from -3000 feet (-.914 km) below
sea level up to 10000 feet (3.05 km) above sea level. These values may be selected from the
drop-down list. These values are established in NFPA 2001.
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3.
Calc Increment (sec): The calculation increment is the method in which the calculation portion
of the program adjusts the discharge flow rate. The program is designed to perform calculations
by adjusting the rate of discharge to achieve the desired pounds to each nozzle within 10
seconds. In order to optimize the pipe sizes, the program begins at a slower flow rate, a time
nearer to 10 seconds. If it finds that the data file does not compute results within known
parameters, the rate will be adjusted and the calculation will be run again. The increments in
which the program will adjust the rate is directly related to the time the program assumes for
the next calculation run. This data field allows the user to select the incremental time for the
recalculation process. The more problematic the system design is, the lower the increment
should be set. By adjusting the time to a smaller increment, and therefore the discharge rate
to a smaller amount for each calculation run, the better the chance for the difficult system to
produce satisfactory results. However, the normal system design will calculate properly with
an incremental time of 0.2 seconds. The range is predefined. Additional time increments are
not available to the user.
4.
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Calculation: The calculation may be performed by either Automatic or Manual means. The
automatic mode will not allow the user to view the current attempt to solve the data into a
satisfactory result and does not require any user interface during the calculation. The manual
mode will pause after each attempt to solve the system design parameters. This will allow the
user to view the results - acceptable or not - of the previous calculation run. This manual mode
may aid the user in troubleshooting a problematic design.
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5.
6.
Exclude Pipe Sizes: When selected, it will force the flow calculation module to ignore a given
pipe size(s).
NOTE
DUE TO PRESSURE AND FLOW RATE LIMITATIONS, THIS MAY INCREASE THE DIFFICULTY IN GETTING VALID
CALCULATION RESULTS.
2.4.1.2
Hazard Information
Within the Hazard Information screen there are three subcategories:
Hazard Data
Area Data
Area Nozzle List
An example of an area would be a room. All nozzles must be in the same room. Individual data must
be entered for each area to ensure that the appropriate amount of FM-200 is divided accordingly. This
portion of the program will model the data for each area. UL and FM Approvals will accept no less than
a 6.25% design concentration in any application.
Additional areas may be added to the data list to calculate more than one area simultaneously. Example:
room area, underfloor and false ceiling.
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A. Hazard Data
The first section is used to input the hazard area name(s) for reference, concentration required and
the temperature.
1. Area Name: Enter the name of the specific area.
2. Fire Type: Three choices are available - Class A Fire,
Class B Fire and Class C Fire. The default design
concentration is 6.25%. If Class B Fire is chosen, a form
appears that lists all of the Class B fuels that have been
tested by Great Lakes Chemical Corp., and the extinguishing concentration required. Simply select the Class
B fuel being protected and click the Okay button - the
appropriate concentration will be inserted into the hazard
data grid. To cancel your selection, click the close button
to close the form; the default selections - 6.25% design
concentration and Class A Fire - will be inserted into the
hazard data grid.
3. % Concentration: Enter the required concentration
here.
Figure 2.4.1.2.A2 - Class B fuels list
4. Temperature: Enter the temperature for the area.
5. Total Volume: This field is provided for information only and may not be modified. This field
will indicate the total volume of the area as input into the Area Data section below.
B. Area Data
Enter the appropriate values in the Length, Width and Height fields and the program will compute
the correct room volume and amount of agent required automatically. As you will note, the Width
and Height fields are both set to a default of 1. If the volume is known, enter it into the Length data
field and leave the Width and Height fields as 1. Once the data has been entered, clicking on the
Add button will assign this data to the current hazard.
C. Area Nozzle List
Each area will have one or more nozzles within it. This section is intended to model the nozzles
for a particular area. Each nozzle has a unique ID number. These numbers are automatically
assigned and are incremental. Two types of nozzles are included in the program: the 8 Port 360
discharge pattern (Style F) nozzle and the 8 Port 180 discharge pattern (Style G) nozzle.
D. Add and Delete Data In The Hazard Data Screen
1. Add: Once the correct values have been entered into the editing box, clicking on the Add button
within that section will temporarily save the data to the screen. Another line of data may then
be entered on the blank line created at the bottom of the grid.
2. Delete: To delete a line of data from the data file, the name of the area containing the data to
be deleted must appear in the Current Hazard box of the Hazard Data section. Click on the area
name with the mouse so that the appropriate information is reflected on the Current Hazard box.
Again, the corresponding data will appear in the Area Data and Area Nozzle List sections. Move
the mouse to the appropriate field and click on the line to be deleted. Clicking on the Delete button
will delete this data.
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2.4.1.3
Piping Data
The Piping Data is the heart of the system model; its the area where the pipe and pounds/nozzle data
is recorded. Several pieces of information are required. The following is a brief description of each of
the columns.
5. Pipe Len: Total length of pipe expressed in feet or meters, including any elevation changes.
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6. Elev: Change of elevation within the pipe section, expressed in feet or meters.
A positive number indicates a rise in elevation.
A negative number indicates a drop in elevation.
A zero (0) indicates no change in elevation.
7. Type: Type of pipe to be installed. There are several types available, accessible through the
pop-down, for use:
a. 40T: Schedule 40 pipe with threaded fittings.
b. 40W: Schedule 40 pipe with welded fittings.
c. 80T: Schedule 80 pipe with threaded fittings.
d. 80W: Schedule 80 pipe with welded fittings.
e. 40G: Schedule 40 pipe with grooved fittings (not FM approved).
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8. Size: The size of pipe in the section. By accessing the pop-down window, choices from zero
(0) (no fixed pipe size) to 6" (150 mm) are available.
NOTE
BOTH THE INTERNAL PIPE DIAMETER AND THE MASS OF THE PIPE ARE USED IN THE HYDRAULIC CALCULATION.
IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT THE PIPE USED FOR INSTALLATION HAVE A DIAMETER AND WALL THICKNESS (WITHIN
TOLERANCES SPECIFIED IN ANSI AND ASTM STANDARD) USED IN THE CALCULATION. THE WEIGHT PER UNIT
LENGTH OF THE PIPE IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE INTERNAL DIAMETER AND WALL THICKNESS. THE FOLLOWING
TABLE GIVES THE NOMINAL PIPE SIZES WITH THE PIPE DIAMETER AND WEIGHT PER UNIT LENGTH USED IN THE
HYDRAULIC CALCULATION.
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Schedule 80
Schedule 40
Pipe
Type
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mm
ID
(inches)
Weight
(lb/ft)
1/8
0.269
0.24
6.83
0.36
1/4
0.364
0.42
9.25
0.63
3/8
10
0.493
0.57
12.52
0.85
1/2
15
0.622
0.85
15.80
1.26
3/4
20
0.824
1.13
20.93
1.68
25
1.049
1.68
26.64
2.50
1-1/4
32
1.380
2.27
35.05
3.38
1-1/2
40
1.610
2.72
40.89
4.05
50
2.067
3.65
52.50
5.43
2-1/2
65
2.469
5.79
62.71
8.62
80
3.068
7.58
77.93
11.28
3-1/2
90
3.548
9.11
90.12
13.56
100
4.026
10.79
102.26
16.06
125
5.047
14.62
128.19
21.76
150
6.065
18.97
154.05
28.23
1/8
0.215
0.31
5.46
0.46
1/4
0.302
0.54
7.67
0.80
3/8
10
0.423
0.74
10.74
1.10
1/2
15
0.546
1.09
13.87
1.62
3/4
20
0.742
1.47
18.85
2.19
25
0.957
2.17
24.31
3.23
1-1/4
32
1.278
3.00
32.46
4.46
1-1/2
40
1.500
3.63
38.10
5.40
50
1.939
5.02
49.25
7.47
2-1/2
65
2.323
7.66
59.00
11.40
80
2.900
10.25
73.66
15.25
3-1/2
90
3.364
12.5
85.45
18.60
100
3.826
14.98
97.18
22.29
125
4.813
20.78
122.25
30.92
150
5.761
28.57
146.33
42.52
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ID
(mm)
Weight
(kg/m)
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Fitting
Equivalent
Number of
Elbows
90 Deg Elbows
1.0
45 Deg Elbows
0.5
Tee Thru
0.6
Tee Side
2.0
None: This is the default value. Choose this or simply press enter in this field if no tees
are installed.
ii. Thru: The beginning of the pipe section begins with a thru tee. If the side branch of a
tee is used to provide pressure for tripping a pressure switch or pressure release, it is
treated as an equivalent number of elbows. In this case, 0.6 should be included in the
90's field.
iii. Side: The beginning of the pipe section begins with a side tee. If one of the thru branches
of a tee is used to provide pressure for tripping a pressure switch or pressure release,
it is treated as an equivalent number of elbows. In this case, 2.0 should be included in
the 90's field.
iv. Blow Out: Choose this option if a tee used in the pipe section is part of a blow out, i.e.,
the last nozzle on a branch line.
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 32
Equivalent Length
(Feet/Meters)
Cylinder
Single
Cylinder
Multiple
Cylinders
w/check valve
30 ft
(9.14 m)
N/A
Beta
(1-1/4" outlet)
60 ft
(18.29 m)
60 ft
(18.29 m)
Gamma
(2" outlet)
51 ft
(15.55 m)
64 ft
(19.51 m)
61 ft.
(18.59 m)
80 ft
(22.56m)
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 33
Figure 2.4.1.3.C Flow Calc Program - Piping Data - Fixed Pounds & Fixed Orifices
1. Fixed Pounds (Kgs): This radio button should be on when the values in the Pounds (Kgs)
Required column indicate the quantity of pounds (Kgs) required to be discharged from a particular
nozzle.
2. Fixed Orifices: This radio button should be on when the values in the Pounds (Kgs) Required
column indicate the actual nozzle drill diameter in inches for a particular nozzle.
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 34
2.4.1.4
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 35
2. Piping Results
a. Section Nodes: The starting and ending nodes for a particular section of the pipe model.
b. Nominal Pipe Size: The computed or inputted pipe size and schedule.
c. Length: Length of pipe within the section, including elevation changes.
d. Elev: The length of an elevation change within the section of pipe.
e. EQL: Total equivalent length of the section of pipe. This includes pipe, elbows, tees, couplings, unions, valves, and any additional information inputted into the equivalent length column
of the data file.
f. Start PSIA (Bar): The pressure at the beginning of the section.
g. Term PSIA (Bar): The pressure at the termination of the section.
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 36
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 37
DRILL
DIA
inches
0.0760
0.0781
0.0785
0.0810
0.0820
0.0860
0.0890
0.0935
0.0938
0.0960
0.0980
0.0995
0.1015
0.1040
0.1065
0.1094
0.1100
0.1110
DRILL
DIA
mm
1.930
1.984
1.994
2.057
2.083
2.184
2.261
2.375
2.383
2.438
2.489
2.527
2.578
2.642
2.705
2.779
2.794
2.819
DRILL
#
33
32
31
1/8
30
29
28
9/64
27
26
25
24
23
5/32
22
21
20
DRILL
DIA
inches
0.1130
0.1160
0.1200
0.1250
0.1285
0.1360
0.1405
0.1406
0.1440
0.1470
0.1495
0.1520
0.1540
0.1562
0.1570
0.1590
0.1610
DRILL
DIA
mm
2.870
2.946
3.048
3.175
3.264
3.454
3.569
3.571
3.658
3.734
3.797
3.861
3.912
3.967
3.988
4.039
4.089
DRILL
#
41
40
39
38
37
36
7/64
35
34
33
32
31
1/8
30
29
28
9/64
27
26
25
24
DRILL
DIA
inches
0.0960
0.0980
0.0995
0.1015
0.1040
0.1065
0.1094
0.1100
0.1110
0.1130
0.1160
0.1200
0.1250
0.1285
0.1360
0.1405
0.1406
0.1440
0.1470
0.1495
0.1520
DRILL
DIA
mm
2.438
2.489
2.527
2.578
2.642
2.705
2.779
2.794
2.819
2.870
2.946
3.048
3.175
3.264
3.454
3.569
3.571
3.658
3.734
3.797
3.861
DRILL
#
23
5/32
22
21
20
19
18
11/64
17
16
15
14
13
3/16
12
11
10
9
8
7
13/64
DRILL
DIA
inches
0.1540
0.1562
0.1570
0.1590
0.1610
0.1660
0.1695
0.1719
0.1730
0.1770
0.1800
0.1820
0.1850
0.1875
0.1890
0.1910
0.1935
0.1960
0.1990
0.2010
0.2031
DRILL
DIA
mm
3.912
3.967
3.988
4.039
4.089
4.216
4.305
4.366
4.394
4.496
4.572
4.623
4.699
4.763
4.801
4.851
4.915
4.978
5.055
5.105
5.159
NOTE
NOZZLE ORIFICES ARE DRILLED USING STANDARD WIRE GAUGE AND FRACTIONAL DRILLS. THE TABLES ON THIS
PAGE SHOW THE STANDARD DRILL SIZES AND NOMINAL DIAMETERS IN INCHES AND MILLIMETERS. IF METRIC UNITS
ARE CHOSEN IN THE COMPUTER PROGRAM, NOZZLE ORIFICE DIAMETERS WILL BE GIVEN IN INCHES. EVEN THOUGH
THE METRIC OPTION IS CHOSEN, THE CALCULATION WILL BE PERFORMED IN ENGLISH UNITS AND THE NOZZLES
MUST BE ORDERED IN ENGLISH UNITS (INCHES).
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 38
DRILL
DIA
inches
0.1250
0.1285
0.1360
0.1405
0.1406
0.1440
0.1470
0.1495
0.1520
0.1540
0.1562
0.1570
0.1590
0.1610
0.1660
0.1695
0.1719
0.1730
0.1770
0.1800
0.1820
0.1850
0.1875
0.1890
DRILL
DIA
mm
3.175
3.264
3.454
3.569
3.571
3.658
3.734
3.797
3.861
3.912
3.967
3.988
4.039
4.089
4.216
4.305
4.366
4.394
4.496
4.572
4.623
4.699
4.763
4.801
DRILL
#
11
10
9
8
7
13/64
6
5
4
3
7/32
2
1
A
15/64
B
C
D
E
F
G
17/64
H
DRILL
DIA
inches
0.1910
0.1935
0.1960
0.1990
0.2010
0.2031
0.2040
0.2055
0.2090
0.2130
0.2188
0.2210
0.2280
0.2340
0.2344
0.2380
0.2420
0.2460
0.2500
0.2570
0.2610
0.2656
0.2660
DRILL
DIA
mm
4.851
4.915
4.978
5.055
5.105
5.159
5.182
5.220
5.309
5.410
5.558
5.613
5.791
5.944
5.954
6.045
6.147
6.248
6.350
6.528
6.629
6.746
6.756
DRILL
DIA
inches
0.1590
0.1610
0.1660
0.1695
0.1719
0.1730
0.1770
0.1800
0.1820
0.1850
0.1875
0.1890
0.1910
0.1935
0.1960
0.1990
0.2010
0.2031
0.2040
0.2055
0.2090
0.2130
0.2188
0.2210
0.2280
DRILL
DIA
mm
4.039
4.089
4.216
4.305
4.366
4.394
4.496
4.572
4.623
4.699
4.763
4.801
4.851
4.915
4.978
5.055
5.105
5.159
5.182
5.220
5.309
5.410
5.558
5.613
5.791
DRILL
#
A
15/64
B
C
D
E
F
G
17/64
H
I
J
K
9/32
L
M
19/64
N
5/16
O
P
21/64
Q
R
DRILL
DIA
inches
0.2340
0.2344
0.2380
0.2420
0.2460
0.2500
0.2570
0.2610
0.2656
0.2660
0.2720
0.2770
0.2810
0.2812
0.2900
0.2950
0.2969
0.3020
0.3125
0.3160
0.3230
0.3281
0.3320
0.3390
DRILL
DIA
mm
5.944
5.954
6.045
6.147
6.248
6.350
6.528
6.629
6.746
6.756
6.909
7.036
7.137
7.142
7.366
7.493
7.541
7.671
7.938
8.026
8.204
8.334
8.433
8.611
NOTE
NOZZLE ORIFICES ARE DRILLED USING STANDARD WIRE GAUGE AND FRACTIONAL DRILLS. THE TABLES ON THIS
PAGE SHOW THE STANDARD DRILL SIZES AND NOMINAL DIAMETERS IN INCHES AND MILLIMETERS. IF METRIC UNITS
ARE CHOSEN IN THE COMPUTER PROGRAM, NOZZLE ORIFICE DIAMETERS WILL BE GIVEN IN INCHES. EVEN THOUGH
THE METRIC OPTION IS CHOSEN, THE CALCULATION WILL BE PERFORMED IN ENGLISH UNITS AND THE NOZZLES
MUST BE ORDERED IN ENGLISH UNITS (INCHES).
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 39
DRILL
DIA
inches
0.2090
0.2130
0.2188
0.2210
0.2280
0.2340
0.2344
0.2380
0.2420
0.2460
0.2500
0.2570
0.2610
0.2656
0.2660
0.2720
0.2770
0.2810
0.2812
0.2900
0.2950
0.2969
DRILL
DIA
mm
5.309
5.410
5.558
5.613
5.791
5.944
5.954
6.045
6.147
6.248
6.350
6.528
6.629
6.746
6.756
6.909
7.036
7.137
7.142
7.366
7.493
7.541
DRILL
#
N
5/16
O
P
21/64
Q
R
11/32
S
T
23/64
U
3/8
V
W
25/64
X
Y
13/32
Z
27/64
7/16
DRILL
DIA
inches
0.3020
0.3125
0.3160
0.3230
0.3281
0.3320
0.3390
0.3438
0.3480
0.3580
0.3594
0.3680
0.3750
0.3770
0.3860
0.3906
0.3970
0.4040
0.4062
0.4130
0.4219
0.4375
DRILL
DIA
mm
7.671
7.938
8.026
8.204
8.334
8.433
8.611
8.733
8.839
9.093
9.129
9.347
9.525
9.576
9.804
9.921
10.084
10.262
10.317
10.490
10.716
11.113
DRILL
DIA
inches
0.2460
0.2500
0.2570
0.2610
0.2656
0.2660
0.2720
0.2770
0.2810
0.2812
0.2900
0.2950
0.2969
0.3020
0.3125
0.3160
0.3230
0.3281
0.3320
0.3390
DRILL
DIA
mm
6.248
6.350
6.528
6.629
6.746
6.756
6.909
7.036
7.137
7.142
7.366
7.493
7.541
7.671
7.938
8.026
8.204
8.334
8.433
8.611
DRILL
#
11/32
S
T
23/64
U
3/8
V
W
25/64
X
Y
13/32
Z
27/64
7/16
29/64
15/32
31/64
1/2
33/64
DRILL
DIA
inches
0.3438
0.3480
0.3580
0.3594
0.3680
0.3750
0.3770
0.3860
0.3906
0.3970
0.4040
0.4062
0.4130
0.4219
0.4375
0.4531
0.4688
0.4844
0.5000
0.5156
DRILL
DIA
mm
8.733
8.839
9.093
9.129
9.347
9.525
9.576
9.804
9.921
10.084
10.262
10.317
10.490
10.716
11.113
11.509
11.908
12.304
12.700
13.096
NOTE
NOZZLE ORIFICES ARE DRILLED USING STANDARD WIRE GAUGE AND FRACTIONAL DRILLS. THE TABLES ON THIS
PAGE SHOW THE STANDARD DRILL SIZES AND NOMINAL DIAMETERS IN INCHES AND MILLIMETERS. IF METRIC UNITS
ARE CHOSEN IN THE COMPUTER PROGRAM, NOZZLE ORIFICE DIAMETERS WILL BE GIVEN IN INCHES. EVEN THOUGH
THE METRIC OPTION IS CHOSEN, THE CALCULATION WILL BE PERFORMED IN ENGLISH UNITS AND THE NOZZLES
MUST BE ORDERED IN ENGLISH UNITS (INCHES).
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 40
DRILL
DIA
inches
0.3125
0.3160
0.3230
0.3281
0.3320
0.3390
0.3438
0.3480
0.3580
0.3594
0.3680
0.3750
0.3770
0.3860
0.3906
0.3970
0.4040
0.4062
DRILL
DRILL
DIA
DRILL #
DIA
mm
inches
7.938
Z
0.4130
8.026
27/64
0.4219
8.204
7/16
0.4375
8.334
29/64
0.4531
8.433
15/32
0.4688
8.611
31/64
0.4844
8.733
1/2
0.5000
8.839
33/64
0.5156
9.093
17/32
0.5312
9.129
35/64
0.5469
9.347
9/16
0.5625
9.525
37/64
0.5781
9.576
19/32
0.5938
9.804
39/64
0.6094
9.921
5/8
0.6250
10.084
41/64
0.6406
10.262
21/32
0.6562
10.317
43/64
0.6719
DRILL
DIA
mm
10.490
10.716
11.113
11.509
11.908
12.304
12.700
13.096
13.492
13.891
14.290
14.684
15.083
15.479
15.875
16.271
16.667
17.066
NOTE
NOZZLE ORIFICES ARE DRILLED USING STANDARD WIRE GAUGE AND FRACTIONAL DRILLS. THE TABLES ON THIS
PAGE SHOW THE STANDARD DRILL SIZES AND NOMINAL DIAMETERS IN INCHES AND MILLIMETERS. IF METRIC UNITS
ARE CHOSEN IN THE COMPUTER PROGRAM, NOZZLE ORIFICE DIAMETERS WILL BE GIVEN IN INCHES. EVEN THOUGH
THE METRIC OPTION IS CHOSEN, THE CALCULATION WILL BE PERFORMED IN ENGLISH UNITS AND THE NOZZLES
MUST BE ORDERED IN ENGLISH UNITS (INCHES).
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 41
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 42
D. Error Messages
This screen will display various piping model input errors and/or system calculation errors. The
following is a list of system design errors that may appear.
1. ERROR--CYLINDER FILL DENSITY IS GREATER THAN 70 (1121.4 KG/M3).
2. ERROR--CYLINDER FILL DENSITY IS LESS THAN 35 (560.7 KG/M3).
3. ERROR--MORE THAN 299 PIPE SECTIONS.
4. ERROR--DATA INPUT FILE IS INCOMPLETE.
5. FIXED PIPE SIZE IN NOZZLE SECTION ## - ##. NOZZLE SECTION MAY NOT BE GREATER
THAN 2 INCH (50 MM) PIPE.
6. PIPE DATA SECTIONS ARE OUT OF ORDER -- CORRECT INPUT FILE.
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 43
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 44
26. PRESSURE ENTERING TEE SEC ## TO ## IS LESS THAN FM LIMIT OF 67.5% OF AVERAGE
CYLINDER PRESSURE. TEE BRANCH IS TOO FAR FROM CYLINDER MANIFOLD.
REDESIGN TO REDUCE PRESSURE DROP FROM MANIFOLD TO TEE INLET (for systems
using Style G nozzles or a combination of Style F & Style G nozzles).
27. PRESSURE ENTERING TEE SEC ## TO ## IS LESS THAN UL LIMIT OF 63% AND FM LIMIT
OF 67.5% OF AVERAGE CYLINDER PRESSURE. TEE BRANCH IS TOO FAR FROM
CYLINDER MANIFOLD. REDESIGN TO REDUCE PRESSURE DROP FROM MANIFOLD
TO TEE INLET (for systems using only Style F nozzles; no Style G nozzles).
28. SEC ## TO ## BULLHEAD TEE MINOR FLOW BRANCH CARRIES ## PERCENT OF FLOW.
MINIMUM BRANCH FLOW FROM BULLHEAD TEE IS 30 PERCENT.
29. SIDE OUTLET TEE BRANCH CARRIES ## PERCENT FLOW. MAXIMUM SIDE OUTLET
BRANCH FLOW IS 35 PERCENT.
30. SEC ## TO ## SIDE OUTLET TEE BRANCH CARRIES ## PERCENT OF FLOW. MAXIMUM
SIDE OUTLET BRANCH FLOW IS 10 PERCENT.
31. NOZZLE ## AREA EQUALS ## % FEED PIPE AREA (LIMIT 1/4 NPT=75%).
32. NOZZLE ## AREA EQUALS ## % FEED PIPE AREA (LIMIT 85%).
33. NOZZLE ## DISCHARGES ## % OF MAXIMUM FEED PIPE FLOW WHICH IS ABOVE
MAXIMUM OF 65%.
34. NOZZLE PRESSURE FOR ### IS BELOW 125 PSIA (7.60 BAR).
35. MAXIMUM DIFFERENCE IN LIQUID ARRIVAL TIME IS ## (LIMIT IS 1 SECOND.)
36. MAXIMUM DIFFERENCE IN LIQUID RUN-OUT TIME IS ## (LIMIT IS 2 SECONDS.)
37. DISCHARGE TIME IS OUTSIDE LISTED AND APPROVED RANGE OF 5 TO 10 SECONDS.
38. PERCENT AGENT IN PIPE IS ###. THIS IS OVER MAXIMUM OF 75 PERCENT PERMITTED.
39. PERCENT AGENT IN PIPE IS ##.##%. THIS MEETS UL & ULC LISTING CRITERIA OF 75%
OR LESS BUT EXCEEDS FM APPROVAL LIMIT OF 70%.
40. FLOW RATE IN SEC ## - ## IS LESS THAN ##.# MINIMUM REQUIRED FOR PIPE SIZE.
41. LARGEST PERMITTED NOZZLE SECTION IS 2 INCH (50 MM). SECTION ## - ## IS
LARGER THAN 2 INCH (50 MM).
42. FIXED ORIFICE SYSTEM FAILS TO CONVERGE WITHIN 3.5%. CONVERGENCE WAS
WITHIN ### PERCENT. SYSTEM MUST BE REDESIGNED OR INSTALLATION MUST BE
SUBJECT TO A FULL DISCHARGE TEST TO PROVE PROPER AGENT CONCENTRATION
AND DISTRIBUTION.
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 45
2.4.1.5
Figure 2.4.1.5 Flow Calc Program - Print Data and Results or Print Output Results
A. Items to Print
1. Input Data Listing: When this option is selected, clicking on the adjacent option box will output
the data file.
2. Calculation Results: The selection of this option will output the results of the calculation.
3. BOM: The mechanical FM-200 system Bill of Material, including pipe and pipe fittings. Once
the BOM has been printed, the system must be recalculated before printing the BOM again.
B. Output Units
1. U.S. Standard: This option will output the required information with standard English units.
2. Metric: This selection will produce a metric unit output.
NOTE
THE INPUT DATA FILE WILL BE OUTPUT IN THE SAME UNITS OF MEASUREMENT AS THAT SELECTED FOR THE DATA
INPUT. THE UNITS USED TO CREATE THE INPUT DATA FILE WILL BE DESIGNATED AS "(CURRENT)" AFTER THE
APPROPRIATE UNITS. IF METRIC OUTPUT UNITS ARE DESIRED, CHECK THE METRIC CHECKBOX, RECALCULATE
AND THEN PRINT - OR VICE VERSA.
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 46
C. Configure Printer
There are numerous types of printers on the market and the program is designed to incorporate a
wide range of printers. It is advisable to click on Configure Printer to verify the current WindowsTM
selected printer.
D. Printer Font
There are virtually hundreds of fonts available in the industry today. Even though the program will
accept and use a number of them, the suggested font is ARIAL. This font is commonly found within
the WindowsTM list of available fonts. However, there are a number of acceptable fonts and by
selecting and trying these fonts, based on the numerous styles and types of printers, Chemetron
cannot assure you of satisfactory results. The printout uses various configurations and sizes to
produce its hard copy printout.
E. Print To File
Should this option be selected, the data requested will be sent to a file on the selected disk drive.
The user will be asked to verify the drive, path, and filename prior to the data being written to the
file. The outputted data will be in Standard ASCII format and may be imported into various programs
for incorporation into drawings, manuals, etc.
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 47
F. Print
Clicking on this command will start the printing or writing of the selected data.
2.4.1.6
2.4.2
Output
This area will allow the user to export either the data file or calculation results.
2.4.2.1
2.4.3
File Utilities
This is the data file maintenance section of the program.
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 48
2.4.3.1
Load
An existing data file, stored on a disk drive, may be loaded into the program for modifications or recalculation.
2.4.3.2
Save
The current data file may be saved to a disk drive for historical information.
2.4.3.3
Delete
A data file may be erased from a disk drive. However, please note that once the data file has been
deleted, it cannot be retrieved.
2.4.4
Exit
The exit button will unload the program and return you to the previous WindowsTM system screen.
2.4.5
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 49
C. Volume
D. Weight
E. Concentration
For example, if the quantity of agent and the volume are
known, the concentration may be computed. If the volume
and the concentration are known, the amount of FM-200
can be computed. Should the concentration and the
amount of FM-200 be known, the calculator will determine
the volume in which these parameters will fit.
2.4.6
Check Points
2.5
Two-Phase Hydraulics
The two-phase flow equation, which is used for calculating pressure drop in FM-200 and Carbon Dioxide
fire extinguishing systems, is a statement of the basic laws of energy conservation. The equation is in
a form particularly suited to calculating flow in systems where the density of the flowing media is constantly
changing. Dr. James Hesson is credited with developing the two-phase flow equation.
2.5.1
(1)
Normally, the change in elevation head is zero, so it can be dropped from the above equation. When
a change in elevation is present in a system, the resultant loss or gain in pressure can be calculated
separately from the basic two-phase flow equation. The basic flow equation is as follows:
(2)
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REVISED:
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Page 50
2.5.1.1
Pressure - Density
It should be apparent that a proper relationship between the pipeline pressure and density needs to be
established in order to use the two-phase flow equation. If one can assume that the heat pick-up from
the pipeline is negligible during the agent discharge, a pressure-density relationship can be established
rather easily fromt he basic thermodynamic properties of the agent. In the case of carbon dioxide, the
calculation is very straight forward. The calculation of the pipeline pressure-density relationship for nitrogen
superpressurized FM-200 is a bit more complicated due to the fact that the nitrogen does dissolve in
the FM-200.
2.5.1.2
Velocity Head
Although the flow equation contains a term that accounts for changes in velocity head due to changing
density, it will not compensate for velocity head changes that are encountered when the flow density
(lbs./sec./sq.in. of pipe area) changes. Such velocity head changes are encountered when there is a
change in pipe size or a change in flow rate due to a junction in the pipeline. The following expression
gives the velocity head energy in PSI:
(3)
2.5.1.3
2.5.1.4
(4)
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Page 51
Where:
= the inside cross sectional area of the feed pipe in square inches
RPSI
= the theoretical maximum pipeline specific flow rate in lbs./sec./sq.in. for the calculated pressure-density condition at the total terminal pressure (PSI). The total
terminal pressure (PSI) is the sum of the static pressure form equation (2) and
the velocity head pressure calculated from equation (3).
The total terminal pressure must be used since it is the measure of energy available to drive the flowing
media from the orifice(s). (See Sections 1.4.1 and 1.4.2).
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REVISED:
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APPENDIX
This appendix documents six calculation examples. Examples 1 & 6 utilize a Beta cylinder and
Examples 2, 3, 4, & 5 utilize Gamma cylinders. Example 6 was calculated using Metric units
of measure. Preceding each program example are the initial data acquisition worksheets.
ISSUED:
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REVISED:
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Page 53
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #1
Concentration Required:
6.25 %
PAGE 1
Manual Example #1
DATE: 1/1/04
HAZARD:
Room
ENGR. MR
VOLUME
13.5'
Lx
13.5'
W =
182.25
Sq Ft x
10'
H=
1822.5
Cu Ft
Lx
W =
Sq Ft x
H=
Cu Ft
Lx
W =
Sq Ft x
H=
Cu Ft
Total =
182.25
Sq Ft
1822.5
Cu Ft
FM-200 REQUIRED (REFER TO TABLES BELOW AND/OR THE EQUATION AS NOTED ON PAGE 2)
1822.5
Cu Ft x
.0302
55.04
Lbs x
(concentration factor)
55.04
Lbs
55.04
Lbs
56
STORAGE REQUIRED
56
Lbs Reqd /
1
Qty
Used
Cylinder
Size
# of Cylinders
Minimum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
Maximum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
ALPHA
Qty
Used
Lbs/Cylinder
Cylinders Reserve
Cylinder
Type
Minimum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
Maximum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
BETA
10 Lb
(2.7)
12
(5.4)
40 Lb
21
(9.5)
41
(18.6)
20 Lb
12
(5.4)
23
(10.4)
55 Lb
28
(12.7)
55
(24.9)
95 Lb
48
(21.8)
96
(43.5)
GAMMA
ISSUED:
56
150 Lb
82
(37.2)
163
250 Lb
138
(62.6)
274 (124.3)
600 Lb
304 (137.9)
607 (275.3)
400 Lb
211
(95.7)
421 (191.0)
750 Lb
455 (206.4)
910 (412.8)
500 Lb
282 (127.9)
500 (226.8)
1000 Lb
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
(73.9)
SIGMA
S/N 30000034
Page 54
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #1
Concentration Required:
6.25 %
PAGE 2
Temperature
(t)
6.25%
F
ft3/lb
m3/kg
lb/ft3
kg/m3
7.00%
lb/ft3
kg/m3
8%
lb/ft3
Ft
Enclosure
Pressure
Correction
Factor
Km
PSIA
cm Hg
-3,000
-0.92
16.25
84.0
1.11
-2,000
-0.61
15.71
81.2
1.07
-1,000
-0.30
15.23
78.7
1.04
14.71
76.0
1.00
kg/m3
1,000
0.30
14.18
73.3
0.96
2,000
0.61
13.64
70.5
0.93
3,000
0.92
13.12
67.8
0.89
4,000
1.22
12.58
65.0
0.86
5,000
1.52
12.04
62.2
0.82
10 -10.0 1.9264
0.1215
0.0346
0.5487
0.0391
0.6196
0.0451
0.7158
20
0.1241
0.0338
0.5372
0.0381
0.6064
0.0441
0.7005
-5.0 1.9736
Altitude
30
2.0210
0.1268
0.0330
0.5258
0.0372
0.5936
0.0430
0.6858
40
5.0 2.0678
0.1294
0.0322
0.5152
0.0364
0.5816
0.0421
0.6719
6,000
1.83
11.53
59.6
0.78
50
10.0 2.1146
0.1320
0.0315
0.5051
0.0356
0.5700
0.0411
0.6585
7,000
2.13
11.03
59.6
0.75
60
15.0 2.1612
0.1347
0.0308
0.4949
0.0348
0.5589
0.0402
0.6457
8,000
2.44
10.64
55.0
0.72
9,000
2.74
10.22
52.8
0.69
10,000
3.05
9.77
50.5
0.66
70
20.0 2.2075
0.1373
0.0302
0.4856
0.0341
0.5483
0.0394
0.6335
80
25.0 2.2538
0.1399
0.0296
0.4765
0.0334
0.5382
0.0386
0.6217
90
30.0 2.2994
0.1425
0.0290
0.4678
0.0327
0.5284
0.0378
0.6104
100
35.0 2.3452
0.1450
0.0284
0.4598
0.0321
0.5190
0.0371
0.5996
110
40.0 2.3912
0.1476
0.0279
0.4517
0.0315
0.5099
0.0364
0.5891
120
45.0 2.4366
0.1502
0.0274
0.4439
0.0309
0.5012
0.0357
0.5790
130
50.0 2.4820
0.1527
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
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APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #1
ISSUED:
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APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #1
ISSUED:
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REVISED:
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Page 57
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #1
EXAMPLE #1 - Figure 3 Refer to Section 2.4.1.3 - Piping Information. At the completion and verification of
the inputted data, the current data should be saved (refer to Section 2.4.3.2 - Save). The data is then ready to
Calculate and Display (refer to Section 2.4.1.4 - Calculate and Display Results). The next 5 screens illustrate
the results of the calculation.
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APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #1
ISSUED:
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REVISED:
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APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #1
EXAMPLE #1 - Figure 8 Refer to Section 2.4.1.5 - Print Data and Results or Print Output Results.
ISSUED:
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REVISED:
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Page 60
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #2
Concentration Required:
6.25 %
PAGE 1
Manual Example #2
DATE: 1/1/04
HAZARD:
Room
ENGR. MR
VOLUME
25.0'
Lx
23.1'
W =
577.5
Sq Ft x
10'
H=
5775
Cu Ft
Lx
W =
Sq Ft x
H=
Cu Ft
Lx
W =
Sq Ft x
H=
Cu Ft
Total =
577.5
Sq Ft
5775
Cu Ft
FM-200 REQUIRED (REFER TO TABLES BELOW AND/OR THE EQUATION AS NOTED ON PAGE 2)
5775
Cu Ft x
.0302
174.41
Lbs x
(concentration factor)
174.41
Lbs
174.41
Lbs
175
STORAGE REQUIRED
175
Lbs Reqd /
1
Qty
Used
Cylinder
Size
# of Cylinders
175
Cylinders Reserve
Minimum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
Maximum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
ALPHA
Qty
Used
Minimum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
Maximum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
BETA
10 Lb
(2.7)
12
(5.4)
40 Lb
21
(9.5)
41
(18.6)
20 Lb
12
(5.4)
23
(10.4)
55 Lb
28
(12.7)
55
(24.9)
95 Lb
48
(21.8)
96
(43.5)
GAMMA
ISSUED:
Cylinder
Type
Lbs/Cylinder
150 Lb
82
(37.2)
163
250 Lb
138
(62.6)
274 (124.3)
600 Lb
304 (137.9)
607 (275.3)
400 Lb
211
(95.7)
421 (191.0)
750 Lb
455 (206.4)
910 (412.8)
500 Lb
282 (127.9)
500 (226.8)
1000 Lb
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
(73.9)
SIGMA
S/N 30000034
Page 61
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #2
Concentration Required:
6.25 %
PAGE 2
Temperature
(t)
FM-200
Specific
Vapor
Volumes
ft /lb
10 -10.0 1.9264
20
Altitude
-5.0 1.9736
m /kg
lb/ft
0.1215
0.0346
0.1241
Ft
6.25%
F
7.00%
3
0.0338
kg/m
lb/ft
0.5487
0.0391
0.5372
0.0381
kg/m
lb/ft
0.6196
0.0451
0.6064
0.0441
Correction
Factor
Km
PSIA
cm Hg
-3,000
-0.92
16.25
84.0
1.11
-2,000
-0.61
15.71
81.2
1.07
-1,000
-0.30
15.23
78.7
1.04
14.71
76.0
1.00
kg/m
1,000
0.30
14.18
73.3
0.96
0.7158
2,000
0.61
13.64
70.5
0.93
3,000
0.92
13.12
67.8
0.89
4,000
1.22
12.58
65.0
0.86
8%
3
Enclosure
Pressure
0
3
0.7005
30
2.0210
0.1268
0.0330
0.5258
0.0372
0.5936
0.0430
0.6858
5,000
1.52
12.04
62.2
0.82
40
5.0 2.0678
0.1294
0.0322
0.5152
0.0364
0.5816
0.0421
0.6719
6,000
1.83
11.53
59.6
0.78
50
10.0 2.1146
0.1320
0.0315
0.5051
0.0356
0.5700
0.0411
0.6585
7,000
2.13
11.03
59.6
0.75
0.6457
8,000
2.44
10.64
55.0
0.72
9,000
2.74
10.22
52.8
0.69
10,000
3.05
9.77
50.5
0.66
60
15.0 2.1612
0.1347
0.0308
0.4949
0.0348
0.5589
0.0402
70
20.0 2.2075
0.1373
0.0302
0.4856
0.0341
0.5483
0.0394
0.6335
80
25.0 2.2538
0.1399
0.0296
0.4765
0.0334
0.5382
0.0386
0.6217
90
30.0 2.2994
0.1425
0.0290
0.4678
0.0327
0.5284
0.0378
0.6104
100
35.0 2.3452
0.1450
0.0284
0.4598
0.0321
0.5190
0.0371
0.5996
110
40.0 2.3912
0.1476
0.0279
0.4517
0.0315
0.5099
0.0364
0.5891
120
45.0 2.4366
0.1502
0.0274
0.4439
0.0309
0.5012
0.0357
0.5790
130
50.0 2.4820
0.1527
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
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REVISED:
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APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #2
ISSUED:
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REVISED:
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APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #2
ISSUED:
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REVISED:
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APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #2
EXAMPLE #2 - Figure 3 Refer to Section 2.4.1.3 - Piping Information. At the completion and verification of
the inputted data, the current data should be saved (refer to Section 2.4.3.2 - Save). The data is then ready to
Calculate and Display (refer to Section 2.4.1.4 - Calculate and Display Results). The next 3 screens illustrate
the results of the calculation.
ISSUED:
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REVISED:
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Page 65
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #2
ISSUED:
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REVISED:
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S/N 30000034
Page 66
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #3
Concentration Required:
6.25 %
PAGE 1
Manual Example #3
DATE: 1/1/04
HAZARD:
Room
ENGR. MR
VOLUME
Lx
W =
Sq Ft x
H=
Lx
W =
Sq Ft x
H=
Cu Ft
Lx
W =
Sq Ft x
H=
Cu Ft
Total =
20590
Sq Ft
20590
Cu Ft
Cu Ft
FM-200 REQUIRED (REFER TO TABLES BELOW AND/OR THE EQUATION AS NOTED ON PAGE 2)
20590
Cu Ft x
.0302
621.82
Lbs x
(concentration factor)
621.82
Lbs
621.82
Lbs
622
STORAGE REQUIRED
622
Lbs Reqd /
3
Qty
Used
Cylinder
Size
# of Cylinders
208
Cylinders Reserve
Minimum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
Maximum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
ALPHA
Qty
Used
Minimum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
Maximum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
BETA
10 Lb
(2.7)
12
(5.4)
40 Lb
21
(9.5)
41
(18.6)
20 Lb
12
(5.4)
23
(10.4)
55 Lb
28
(12.7)
55
(24.9)
95 Lb
48
(21.8)
96
(43.5)
GAMMA
ISSUED:
Cylinder
Type
Lbs/Cylinder
150 Lb
82
(37.2)
163
250 Lb
138
(62.6)
274 (124.3)
600 Lb
304 (137.9)
607 (275.3)
400 Lb
211
(95.7)
421 (191.0)
750 Lb
455 (206.4)
910 (412.8)
500 Lb
282 (127.9)
500 (226.8)
1000 Lb
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
(73.9)
SIGMA
S/N 30000034
Page 67
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #3
Concentration Required:
6.25 %
PAGE 2
Temperature
(t)
FM-200
Specific
Vapor
Volumes
ft /lb
10 -10.0 1.9264
20
Altitude
-5.0 1.9736
m /kg
lb/ft
0.1215
0.0346
0.1241
Ft
6.25%
F
7.00%
3
0.0338
kg/m
lb/ft
0.5487
0.0391
0.5372
0.0381
kg/m
lb/ft
0.6196
0.0451
0.6064
0.0441
Correction
Factor
Km
PSIA
cm Hg
-3,000
-0.92
16.25
84.0
1.11
-2,000
-0.61
15.71
81.2
1.07
-1,000
-0.30
15.23
78.7
1.04
14.71
76.0
1.00
kg/m
1,000
0.30
14.18
73.3
0.96
0.7158
2,000
0.61
13.64
70.5
0.93
3,000
0.92
13.12
67.8
0.89
4,000
1.22
12.58
65.0
0.86
8%
3
Enclosure
Pressure
0
3
0.7005
30
2.0210
0.1268
0.0330
0.5258
0.0372
0.5936
0.0430
0.6858
5,000
1.52
12.04
62.2
0.82
40
5.0 2.0678
0.1294
0.0322
0.5152
0.0364
0.5816
0.0421
0.6719
6,000
1.83
11.53
59.6
0.78
50
10.0 2.1146
0.1320
0.0315
0.5051
0.0356
0.5700
0.0411
0.6585
7,000
2.13
11.03
59.6
0.75
0.6457
8,000
2.44
10.64
55.0
0.72
9,000
2.74
10.22
52.8
0.69
10,000
3.05
9.77
50.5
0.66
60
15.0 2.1612
0.1347
0.0308
0.4949
0.0348
0.5589
0.0402
70
20.0 2.2075
0.1373
0.0302
0.4856
0.0341
0.5483
0.0394
0.6335
80
25.0 2.2538
0.1399
0.0296
0.4765
0.0334
0.5382
0.0386
0.6217
90
30.0 2.2994
0.1425
0.0290
0.4678
0.0327
0.5284
0.0378
0.6104
100
35.0 2.3452
0.1450
0.0284
0.4598
0.0321
0.5190
0.0371
0.5996
110
40.0 2.3912
0.1476
0.0279
0.4517
0.0315
0.5099
0.0364
0.5891
120
45.0 2.4366
0.1502
0.0274
0.4439
0.0309
0.5012
0.0357
0.5790
130
50.0 2.4820
0.1527
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
ISSUED:
11/15/95
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REVISED:
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Page 68
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #3
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
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S/N 30000034
Page 69
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #3
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 70
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #3
EXAMPLE #3 - Figure 3 Refer to Section 2.4.1.3 - Piping Information. At the completion and verification of
the inputted data, the current data should be saved (refer to Section 2.4.3.2 - Save). The data is then ready to
Calculate and Display (refer to Section 2.4.1.4 - Calculate and Display Results). The next 3 screens illustrate
the results of the calculation.
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 71
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #3
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 72
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #4
Concentration Required:
6.25 %
PAGE 1
Manual Example #4
DATE: 1/1/04
HAZARD:
Room
ENGR. MR
VOLUME
24'
Lx
24'
W =
576
Sq Ft x
10'
H=
5760
Cu Ft
24'
Lx
24'
W =
576
Sq Ft x
1'
H=
576
Cu Ft
Lx
W =
Sq Ft x
Total =
1152
H=
Cu Ft
Sq Ft
6336
Cu Ft
FM-200 REQUIRED (REFER TO TABLES BELOW AND/OR THE EQUATION AS NOTED ON PAGE 2)
6336
Cu Ft x
.0302
191.35
Lbs x
(concentration factor)
191.35
Lbs
191.35
Lbs
192
STORAGE REQUIRED
192
Lbs Reqd /
1
Qty
Used
Cylinder
Size
# of Cylinders
192
Cylinders Reserve
Minimum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
Maximum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
ALPHA
Qty
Used
Minimum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
Maximum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
BETA
10 Lb
(2.7)
12
(5.4)
40 Lb
21
(9.5)
41
(18.6)
20 Lb
12
(5.4)
23
(10.4)
55 Lb
28
(12.7)
55
(24.9)
95 Lb
48
(21.8)
96
(43.5)
GAMMA
ISSUED:
Cylinder
Type
Lbs/Cylinder
150 Lb
82
(37.2)
163
250 Lb
138
(62.6)
274 (124.3)
600 Lb
304 (137.9)
607 (275.3)
400 Lb
211
(95.7)
421 (191.0)
750 Lb
455 (206.4)
910 (412.8)
500 Lb
282 (127.9)
500 (226.8)
1000 Lb
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
(73.9)
SIGMA
S/N 30000034
Page 73
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #4
Concentration Required:
6.25 %
PAGE 2
Temperature
(t)
FM-200
Specific
Vapor
Volumes
ft /lb
10 -10.0 1.9264
20
Altitude
-5.0 1.9736
m /kg
lb/ft
0.1215
0.0346
0.1241
Ft
6.25%
F
7.00%
3
0.0338
kg/m
lb/ft
0.5487
0.0391
0.5372
0.0381
kg/m
lb/ft
0.6196
0.0451
0.6064
0.0441
Correction
Factor
Km
PSIA
cm Hg
-3,000
-0.92
16.25
84.0
1.11
-2,000
-0.61
15.71
81.2
1.07
-1,000
-0.30
15.23
78.7
1.04
14.71
76.0
1.00
kg/m
1,000
0.30
14.18
73.3
0.96
0.7158
2,000
0.61
13.64
70.5
0.93
3,000
0.92
13.12
67.8
0.89
4,000
1.22
12.58
65.0
0.86
8%
3
Enclosure
Pressure
0
3
0.7005
30
2.0210
0.1268
0.0330
0.5258
0.0372
0.5936
0.0430
0.6858
5,000
1.52
12.04
62.2
0.82
40
5.0 2.0678
0.1294
0.0322
0.5152
0.0364
0.5816
0.0421
0.6719
6,000
1.83
11.53
59.6
0.78
50
10.0 2.1146
0.1320
0.0315
0.5051
0.0356
0.5700
0.0411
0.6585
7,000
2.13
11.03
59.6
0.75
0.6457
8,000
2.44
10.64
55.0
0.72
9,000
2.74
10.22
52.8
0.69
10,000
3.05
9.77
50.5
0.66
60
15.0 2.1612
0.1347
0.0308
0.4949
0.0348
0.5589
0.0402
70
20.0 2.2075
0.1373
0.0302
0.4856
0.0341
0.5483
0.0394
0.6335
80
25.0 2.2538
0.1399
0.0296
0.4765
0.0334
0.5382
0.0386
0.6217
90
30.0 2.2994
0.1425
0.0290
0.4678
0.0327
0.5284
0.0378
0.6104
100
35.0 2.3452
0.1450
0.0284
0.4598
0.0321
0.5190
0.0371
0.5996
110
40.0 2.3912
0.1476
0.0279
0.4517
0.0315
0.5099
0.0364
0.5891
120
45.0 2.4366
0.1502
0.0274
0.4439
0.0309
0.5012
0.0357
0.5790
130
50.0 2.4820
0.1527
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 74
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #4
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 75
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #4
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 76
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #4
EXAMPLE #4 - Figure 3 Refer to Section 2.4.1.3 - Piping Information. At the completion and verification of
the inputted data, the current data should be saved (refer to Section 2.4.3.2 - Save). The data is then ready to
Calculate and Display (refer to Section 2.4.1.4 - Calculate and Display Results). The next 3 screens illustrate
the results of the calculation.
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 77
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #4
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 78
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #5
Concentration Required:
6.25 %
PAGE 1
Manual Example #5
DATE: 1/1/04
HAZARD:
Rooms
ENGR. RM
VOLUME
9'
Lx
16'
W =
144
Sq Ft x
10'
H=
1440
Cu Ft
16'
Lx
20'
W =
320
Sq Ft x
10'
H=
3200
Cu Ft
18'
Lx
20'
W =
360
Sq Ft x
10'
H=
3600
Cu Ft
9'
Lx
20'
W =
180
Sq Ft x
10'
H=
1800
Cu Ft
Total =
980
Sq Ft
10040
Cu Ft
FM-200 REQUIRED (REFER TO TABLES BELOW AND/OR THE EQUATION AS NOTED ON PAGE 2)
10040
Cu Ft x
.0302
303.21
Lbs x
(concentration factor)
303.21
Lbs
303.21
Lbs
304
STORAGE REQUIRED
304
Lbs Reqd /
1
Qty
Used
Cylinder
Size
# of Cylinders
304
Cylinders Reserve
Minimum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
Maximum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
ALPHA
Qty
Used
Minimum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
Maximum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
BETA
10 Lb
(2.7)
12
(5.4)
40 Lb
21
(9.5)
41
(18.6)
20 Lb
12
(5.4)
23
(10.4)
55 Lb
28
(12.7)
55
(24.9)
95 Lb
48
(21.8)
96
(43.5)
GAMMA
ISSUED:
Cylinder
Type
Lbs/Cylinder
150 Lb
82
(37.2)
163
250 Lb
138
(62.6)
274 (124.3)
600 Lb
304 (137.9)
607 (275.3)
400 Lb
211
(95.7)
421 (191.0)
750 Lb
455 (206.4)
910 (412.8)
500 Lb
282 (127.9)
500 (226.8)
1000 Lb
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
(73.9)
SIGMA
S/N 30000034
Page 79
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #5
Concentration Required:
6.25 %
PAGE 2
Temperature
(t)
FM-200
Specific
Vapor
Volumes
ft /lb
10 -10.0 1.9264
20
Altitude
-5.0 1.9736
m /kg
lb/ft
0.1215
0.0346
0.1241
Ft
6.25%
F
7.00%
3
0.0338
kg/m
lb/ft
0.5487
0.0391
0.5372
0.0381
kg/m
lb/ft
0.6196
0.0451
0.6064
0.0441
Correction
Factor
Km
PSIA
cm Hg
-3,000
-0.92
16.25
84.0
1.11
-2,000
-0.61
15.71
81.2
1.07
-1,000
-0.30
15.23
78.7
1.04
14.71
76.0
1.00
kg/m
1,000
0.30
14.18
73.3
0.96
0.7158
2,000
0.61
13.64
70.5
0.93
3,000
0.92
13.12
67.8
0.89
4,000
1.22
12.58
65.0
0.86
8%
3
Enclosure
Pressure
0
3
0.7005
30
2.0210
0.1268
0.0330
0.5258
0.0372
0.5936
0.0430
0.6858
5,000
1.52
12.04
62.2
0.82
40
5.0 2.0678
0.1294
0.0322
0.5152
0.0364
0.5816
0.0421
0.6719
6,000
1.83
11.53
59.6
0.78
50
10.0 2.1146
0.1320
0.0315
0.5051
0.0356
0.5700
0.0411
0.6585
7,000
2.13
11.03
59.6
0.75
0.6457
8,000
2.44
10.64
55.0
0.72
9,000
2.74
10.22
52.8
0.69
10,000
3.05
9.77
50.5
0.66
60
15.0 2.1612
0.1347
0.0308
0.4949
0.0348
0.5589
0.0402
70
20.0 2.2075
0.1373
0.0302
0.4856
0.0341
0.5483
0.0394
0.6335
80
25.0 2.2538
0.1399
0.0296
0.4765
0.0334
0.5382
0.0386
0.6217
90
30.0 2.2994
0.1425
0.0290
0.4678
0.0327
0.5284
0.0378
0.6104
100
35.0 2.3452
0.1450
0.0284
0.4598
0.0321
0.5190
0.0371
0.5996
110
40.0 2.3912
0.1476
0.0279
0.4517
0.0315
0.5099
0.0364
0.5891
120
45.0 2.4366
0.1502
0.0274
0.4439
0.0309
0.5012
0.0357
0.5790
130
50.0 2.4820
0.1527
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 80
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #5
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 81
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #5
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 82
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #5
EXAMPLE #5 - Figure 3 Refer to Section 2.4.1.3 - Piping Information. At the completion and verification of
the inputted data, the current data should be saved (refer to Section 2.4.3.2 - Save). The data is then ready to
Calculate and Display (refer to Section 2.4.1.4 - Calculate and Display Results). The next 3 screens illustrate
the results of the calculation.
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 83
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #5
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 84
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #6
Concentration Required:
6.25 %
PAGE 1
Manual Example #6
DATE: 1/1/04
HAZARD:
Room
ENGR. MR
VOLUME
4.1 M
Lx
4.1 M
W =
16.81
Sq M x
3.1 M
H=
52.11
Cu M
Lx
W =
Sq M x
H=
Cu M
Lx
W =
Sq M x
H=
Cu M
Total =
16.81
Sq M
52.11
Cu M
FM-200 REQUIRED (REFER TO TABLES BELOW AND/OR THE EQUATION AS NOTED ON PAGE 2)
52.11
Cu M x
.4856
25.30
Kgs x
(concentration factor)
25.30
Kgs
25.30
Kgs
26
STORAGE REQUIRED
26
Kgs Reqd /
1
Qty
Used
Cylinder
Size
# of Cylinders
Minimum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
Maximum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
ALPHA
26
Qty
Used
Kgs/Cylinder
Cylinders Reserve
Cylinder
Type
Minimum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
Maximum Fill
Lbs
(Kgs)
BETA
10 Lb
(2.7)
12
(5.4)
40 Lb
21
(9.5)
41
(18.6)
20 Lb
12
(5.4)
23
(10.4)
55 Lb
28
(12.7)
55
(24.9)
95 Lb
48
(21.8)
96
(43.5)
GAMMA
ISSUED:
150 Lb
82
(37.2)
163
250 Lb
138
(62.6)
274 (124.3)
600 Lb
304 (137.9)
607 (275.3)
400 Lb
211
(95.7)
421 (191.0)
750 Lb
455 (206.4)
910 (412.8)
500 Lb
282 (127.9)
500 (226.8)
1000 Lb
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
(73.9)
SIGMA
S/N 30000034
Page 85
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #6
Concentration Required:
6.25 %
PAGE 2
Temperature
(t)
FM-200
Specific
Vapor
Volumes
ft /lb
10 -10.0 1.9264
20
Altitude
-5.0 1.9736
m /kg
lb/ft
0.1215
0.0346
0.1241
Ft
6.25%
F
7.00%
3
0.0338
kg/m
lb/ft
0.5487
0.0391
0.5372
0.0381
kg/m
lb/ft
0.6196
0.0451
0.6064
0.0441
Correction
Factor
Km
PSIA
cm Hg
-3,000
-0.92
16.25
84.0
1.11
-2,000
-0.61
15.71
81.2
1.07
-1,000
-0.30
15.23
78.7
1.04
14.71
76.0
1.00
kg/m
1,000
0.30
14.18
73.3
0.96
0.7158
2,000
0.61
13.64
70.5
0.93
3,000
0.92
13.12
67.8
0.89
4,000
1.22
12.58
65.0
0.86
8%
3
Enclosure
Pressure
0
3
0.7005
30
2.0210
0.1268
0.0330
0.5258
0.0372
0.5936
0.0430
0.6858
5,000
1.52
12.04
62.2
0.82
40
5.0 2.0678
0.1294
0.0322
0.5152
0.0364
0.5816
0.0421
0.6719
6,000
1.83
11.53
59.6
0.78
50
10.0 2.1146
0.1320
0.0315
0.5051
0.0356
0.5700
0.0411
0.6585
7,000
2.13
11.03
59.6
0.75
0.6457
8,000
2.44
10.64
55.0
0.72
9,000
2.74
10.22
52.8
0.69
10,000
3.05
9.77
50.5
0.66
60
15.0 2.1612
0.1347
0.0308
0.4949
0.0348
0.5589
0.0402
70
20.0 2.2075
0.1373
0.0302
0.4856
0.0341
0.5483
0.0394
0.6335
80
25.0 2.2538
0.1399
0.0296
0.4765
0.0334
0.5382
0.0386
0.6217
90
30.0 2.2994
0.1425
0.0290
0.4678
0.0327
0.5284
0.0378
0.6104
100
35.0 2.3452
0.1450
0.0284
0.4598
0.0321
0.5190
0.0371
0.5996
110
40.0 2.3912
0.1476
0.0279
0.4517
0.0315
0.5099
0.0364
0.5891
120
45.0 2.4366
0.1502
0.0274
0.4439
0.0309
0.5012
0.0357
0.5790
130
50.0 2.4820
0.1527
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 86
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #6
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 87
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #6
EXAMPLE #6 - Figure 1 Refer to Section 2.4.1.1 - System Information. UNITS OF MEASURE SHOWN ARE METRIC
DESIGNATIONS.
EXAMPLE #6 - Figure 2 Refer to Section 2.4.1.2 - Hazard Data. UNITS OF MEASURE SHOWN ARE METRIC DESIGNATIONS.
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 88
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #6
EXAMPLE #6 - Figure 3 Refer to Section 2.4.1.3 - Piping Information. UNITS OF MEASURE SHOWN ARE METRIC
DESIGNATIONS. At the completion and verification of the inputted data, the current data should be saved
(refer to Section 2.4.3.2 - Save). The data is then ready to Calculate and Display (refer to Section 2.4.1.4 Calculate and Display Results). The next 5 screens illustrate the results of the calculation.
EXAMPLE #6 - Figure 4 Refer to Section 2.4.1.4.A - Calculation Results. UNITS OF MEASURE SHOWN ARE METRIC
DESIGNATIONS.
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 89
APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #6
EXAMPLE #6 - Figure 5 Refer to Section 2.4.1.4.B - Nozzle Performance. UNITS OF MEASURE SHOWN ARE METRIC
DESIGNATIONS.
EXAMPLE #6 - Figure 6 Refer to Section 2.4.1.4.C - Hazard Concentration Results. UNITS OF MEASURE SHOWN
ARE METRIC DESIGNATIONS.
ISSUED:
11/15/95
Rev. K
REVISED:
5/26/2006
S/N 30000034
Page 90
Chemetron Fire Systems and Cardox are registered trademarks of Chemetron Fire Systems.
FM-200 is a registered trademark of Chemtura, Inc.
These instructions do not purport to cover all the details or variations in the
equipment described, nor do they provide for every possible contingency to be
met in connection with design, installation, operation and maintenance. All
specifications subject to change without notice. Should further information be
desired or should particular problems arise that are not covered sufficiently for
the purchasers purposes, the matter should be referred to CHEMETRON FIRE
SYSTEMS, Matteson, IL.
S/N 30000034
5/26/2006 Rev. K