EXAMS OFFICE USE ONLY = w | | University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Course of topic No(s) Course or topic name(s) Paper Number & title Exam be held during month(s) of (delete as applicable) Year of Study (Arts & Science leave blank) Degree/Diplomas for which this course is prescribed (BSc (Eng) should indicate which branch) Faculty/ies presenting candidates Internal examiner(s) and telephone extension number(s) External examiner(s) Special materials required (graphimusie/drawing paper, maps, diagrams, tables, computer cards, etc.) Time Allowance Instructions to candidates (Examiners may wish to use this space to indicate, inter alia, the contribution made by this examination or test towards the year mark, if appropriate) Earth Materials and Processes CLVN2000 NOVEMBER 2007 SECOND BSc (Eng) (Civil) ENGINEERING AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Dr T A’Bear Dr M Theron x77126 Mr D Warrick be [Stereonet SSS Course | No(s) __| CIVN2000_| Hours ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS,CIVN 2000 EARTH MATERIALS AND PROCESSES NOVEMBER 2007 PAGE 1 of 4 Question 1 130] Figure 1 shows an area contoured in meters in which the base of a sandstone bed of 10m vertical thickness, dipping south at 45 degree, crops out at A. Fault Fl ~ FI has a vertical stratigraphic down-throw of 20m on its eastern side while the younger fault F2 — F2 has an upthrow of 10m on its southern side. Complete the outcrops of the sandstone (both bottom and top of sandstone) in the area of the map. At what depth below the surface will the sandstone be intersected in a vertical borehole at B?CIVN 2000 EARTH MATERIALS AND PROCESSES NOVEMBER 2007 PAGE 2 of 4 Question 2 a) What is an unconformity? Discuss the main types of unconformities, making sure to explain their distinguishing structures. (16) b) Identify the following unconformities. [4] ees OrCIVN 2000 EARTH MATERIALS AND PROCESSES NOVEMBER 2007 PAGE 3 of 4 Question 3 a) Name the important pedogenic materials found in Southern Africa and the cementing agents in each case. Use Weinnert’s N value to help explain the climatic and environmental conditions in which they have formed. (6) b) Explain the mechanism of core stone development, the rocks in which they typically occur and name at least two reasons why they would be a problem in developing a site. 6] ©) Use a cross section to illustrate the stratigraphic sequence found below Johannesburg. Name the important Supergroups and groups. Discuss at least two important geotechnical problems or characteristics associated with these rock strata which may affect development in the area. 4] 4) Explain how karst (cavernous) conditions originate in dolomite rocks. Illustrate the mechanism of sinkhole development using illustrations. [8] ©) Using a cross section to illustrate your answer, describe the genesis (origin) of the Bushveld Complex. Explain why it is not a typical sequence of strata. Describe the economic importance of the various rocks and minerals found within the Complex and discuss the primary geotechnical problems associated with it. [8] 1) Name the important groups and formations which make up the Karoo Supergroup and briefly describe the rock types found in each. Mention important economic characteristics in your descriptions. [8]CIVN 2000 EARTH MATERIALS AND PROCESSES NOVEMBER 2007 PAGE 4 of 4 Student Number